@article{HartmannMoellerKrause2015,
  author    = {Hartmann, Tilo and M{\"o}ller, Ingrid and Krause, Christina},
  title     = {Factors underlying male and female use of violent video games},
  series = {New media \& society},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {New media \& society},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1461-4448},
  doi       = {10.1177/1461444814533067},
  pages     = {1777 -- 1794},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Research has consistently shown that males play violent video games more frequently than females, but factors underlying this gender gap have not been examined to date. This approach examines the assumption that males play violent video games more because they anticipate more enjoyment and less guilt from engaging in virtual violence than females. This may be because males are less empathetic, tend to morally justify physical violence more and have a greater need for sensation and aggression in video game play than females. Results of a path model based on survey data of 444 respondents and using multi-step multiple mediation analyses confirm these assumptions. Taken together, the findings of this study shed further light on the gender gap in violent video game use.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HartmannMoellerKrause2015,
  author    = {Hartmann, Tilo and M{\"o}ller, Ingrid and Krause, Christina},
  title     = {Factors underlying male and female use of violent video games},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {394},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404513},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Research has consistently shown that males play violent video games more frequently than females, but factors underlying this gender gap have not been examined to date. This approach examines the assumption that males play violent video games more because they anticipate more enjoyment and less guilt from engaging in virtual violence than females. This may be because males are less empathetic, tend to morally justify physical violence more and have a greater need for sensation and aggression in video game play than females. Results of a path model based on survey data of 444 respondents and using multi-step multiple mediation analyses confirm these assumptions. Taken together, the findings of this study shed further light on the gender gap in violent video game use.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MoellerKraheBuschingetal.2012,
  author    = {Moeller, Ingrid and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert and Krause, Christina},
  title     = {Efficacy of an intervention to reduce the use of media violence and aggression an experimental evaluation with adolescents in Germany},
  series = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0047-2891},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10964-011-9654-6},
  pages     = {105 -- 120},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Several longitudinal studies and meta-analytic reviews have demonstrated that exposure to violent media is linked to aggression over time. However, evidence on effective interventions to reduce the use of violent media and promote critical viewing skills is limited. The current study examined the efficacy of an intervention designed to reduce the use of media violence and aggression in adolescence, covering a total period of about 12 months. A sample of 683 7th and 8th graders in Germany (50.1\% girls) were assigned to two conditions: a 5-week intervention and a no-intervention control group. Measures of exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior were obtained about 3 months prior to the intervention (T1) and about 7 months post-intervention (T2). The intervention group showed a significantly larger decrease in the use of violent media from T1 to T2 than the control group. Participants in the intervention group also scored significantly lower on self-reported aggressive behavior (physical aggression and relational aggression) at T2 than those in the control group, but the effect was limited to those with high levels of initial aggression. This effect was mediated by an intervention-induced decrease in the normative acceptance of aggression. No gender differences in program efficacy were found. The results show that a 5-week school-based intervention can produce changes in the use of media violence, aggressive norms, and behaviors sustained over several months.},
  language  = {en}
}