@article{ZhouRybskiKropp2013,
  author    = {Zhou, Bin and Rybski, Diego and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {On the statistics of urban heat island intensity},
  series = {Geophysical research letters},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Geophysical research letters},
  number    = {20},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0094-8276},
  doi       = {10.1002/2013GL057320},
  pages     = {5486 -- 5491},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {We perform a systematic study of all cities in Europe to assess the Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity by means of remotely sensed land surface temperature data. Defining cities as spatial clusters of urban land cover, we investigate the relationships of the UHI intensity, with the cluster size and the temperature of the surroundings. Our results show that in Europe, the UHI intensity in summer has a strong correlation with the cluster size, which can be well fitted by an empirical sigmoid model. Furthermore, we find a novel seasonality of the UHI intensity for individual clusters in the form of hysteresis-like curves. We characterize the shape and identify apparent regional patterns.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhongMetwalliRawolleetal.2013,
  author    = {Zhong, Qi and Metwalli, Ezzeldin and Rawolle, Monika and Kaune, Gunar and Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Papadakis, Christine M. and Cubitt, Robert and M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum, Peter},
  title     = {Structure and Thermal Response of Thin Thermoresponsive Polystyrene-block-poly(methoxydiethylene glycol acrylate)-block-polystyrene Films},
  series = {Macromolecules : a publication of the American Chemical Society},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Macromolecules : a publication of the American Chemical Society},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0024-9297},
  doi       = {10.1021/ma400627u},
  pages     = {4069 -- 4080},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Thin thermoresponsive films of the triblock copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(methoxydiethylene glycol acrylate)-block-polystyrene (P(S-b-MDEGA-b-S)) are investigated on silicon substrates. By spin coating, homogeneous and smooth films are prepared for a range of film thicknesses from 6 to 82 nm. Films are stable with respect to dewetting as investigated with optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. P(S-b-MDEGA-b-S) films with a thickness of 39 nm exhibit a phase transition of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type at 36.5 degrees C. The swelling and the thermoresponsive behavior of the films with respect to a sudden thermal stimulus are probed with in-situ neutron reflectivity. In undersaturated water vapor swelling proceeds without thickness increase. The thermoresponse proceeds in three steps: First, the film rejects water as the temperature is above LCST. Next, it stays constant for 600 s, before the collapsed film takes up water again. With ATR-FTIR measurements, changes of bound water in the film caused by different thermal stimuli are studied. Hydrogen bonds only form between C=O and water in the swollen film. Above the LCST most hydrogen bonds with water are broken, but some amount of bound water remains inside the film in agreement with the neutron reflectivity data. Grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) shows that the inner lateral structure is not significantly influenced by the different thermal stimuli.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhongAdelsbergerNiedermeieretal.2013,
  author    = {Zhong, Qi and Adelsberger, Joseph and Niedermeier, M. A. and Golosova, Anastasi and Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Funari, S. S. and Papadakis, Christine M. and M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum, Peter},
  title     = {The influence of selective solvents on the transition behavior of poly(styrene-b-monomethoxydiethylenglycol-acrylate-b-styrene) thick films},
  series = {Colloid and polymer science : official journal of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft},
  volume    = {291},
  journal   = {Colloid and polymer science : official journal of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0303-402X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00396-012-2879-4},
  pages     = {1439 -- 1451},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Thick poly(styrene-b-monomethoxydiethylenglycol-acrylate-b-styrene) [P(S-b-MDEGA-b-S)] films (thickness 5 mu m) are prepared from different solvents on flexible substrates by solution casting and investigated with small-angle X-ray scattering. As the solvents are either PS- or PMDEGA-selective, micelles with different core-shell micellar structures are formed. In PMDEGA-selective solvents, the PS block is the core and PMDEGA is the shell, whereas in PS-selective solvents, the order is reversed. After exposing the films to liquid D2O, the micellar structure inside the films prepared from PMDEGA-selective solvents remains unchanged and only the PMDEGA (shell part) swells. On the contrary, in the films prepared from PS-selective solvents, the micelles revert the core and the shell. This reversal causes more entanglements of the PMDEGA chains between the micelles. Moreover, the thermal collapse transition of the PMDEGA block in liquid D2O is significantly broadened. Irrespective of the solvent used for film preparation, the swollen PMDEGA shell does not show a prominent shrinkage when passing the phase transition, and the transition process occurs via compaction. The collapsed micelles have a tendency to densely pack above the transition temperature.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangMischkeZhangetal.2013,
  author    = {Zhang, Wanyi and Mischke, Steffen and Zhang, Chengjun and Gao, Dou and Fan, Rong},
  title     = {Ostracod distribution and habitat relationships in the Kunlun Mountains, northern Tibetan Plateau},
  series = {Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research},
  volume    = {313},
  journal   = {Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1040-6182},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.quaint.2013.06.020},
  pages     = {38 -- 46},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Surface sediment samples were collected from the lakes Heihai, Kusai, Haiding Nuur and Yan Hu, and from streams and ponds in the Kunlun Mountains at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the sub-fossil ostracod (micro-crustacean) fauna of the region. Among 65 collected samples, 46 ostracod shell-rich samples were used to study the relationship between the ostracod distribution and specific conductivity (SC) of the water, which ranged from 0.6 to 53.0 mS cm(-1). A total of eleven ostracod species was identified from this region, with about half of the species restricted to the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent mountain areas, and the other half representing Holarctic taxa. Tonnacypris cf. estonica and Tonnacypris tonnensis are reported from the Tibetan Plateau for the first time. Leucocythere sp. is the dominant species and Ilyocypris cf. bradyi is also relatively abundant. The other seven species were recorded with limited abundances apparently due to lower SC tolerances. Leucocythere sp. was recorded over the full SC range from 0.6 to 53 mS cm(-1). Eucypris mareotica is a typical brackish and saline water species, which was found at sample sites with high SC (2.8-53.0 mS cm(-1)). In contrast, Leucocythere dorsotuberosa, Candona candida and Eucypris afghanistanensis prefer freshwater to slightly oli-gohaline waters with SC < 1.8 mS cm(-1). The SC optimum and tolerance range for each species were determined and compared to earlier reported data from other regions of Central Asia. The results indicate that species assemblage data from fossil ostracod shells have a large potential to provide information on past SC levels and more general climate-determined moisture conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangPaijmansChangetal.2013,
  author    = {Zhang, Hucai and Paijmans, Johanna L. A. and Chang, Fengqin and Wu, Xiaohong and Chen, Guangjie and Lei, Chuzhao and Yang, Xiujuan and Wei, Zhenyi and Bradley, Daniel G. and Orlando, Ludovic and O'Connor, Terry and Hofreiter, Michael},
  title     = {Morphological and genetic evidence for early Holocene cattle management in northeastern China},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2041-1723},
  doi       = {10.1038/ncomms3755},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The domestication of cattle is generally accepted to have taken place in two independent centres: around 10,500 years ago in the Near East, giving rise to modern taurine cattle, and two millennia later in southern Asia, giving rise to zebu cattle. Here we provide firmly dated morphological and genetic evidence for early Holocene management of taurine cattle in northeastern China. We describe conjoining mandibles from this region that show evidence of oral stereotypy, dated to the early Holocene by two independent C-14 dates. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing coupled with DNA hybridization capture, we characterize 15,406 bp of the mitogenome with on average 16.7-fold coverage. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a hitherto unknown mitochondrial haplogroup that falls outside the known taurine diversity. Our data suggest that the first attempts to manage cattle in northern China predate the introduction of domestic cattle that gave rise to the current stock by several thousand years.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhangChengjunFanRongLiJunetal.2013,
  author    = {Zhang Chengjun, and Fan Rong, and Li Jun, and Mischke, Steffen and Dembele, Blaise and Hu Xiaolan,},
  title     = {Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions - how lacustrine environmental factors respond in northwestern and northeastern China},
  series = {Acta geologica Sinica : english edition},
  volume    = {87},
  journal   = {Acta geologica Sinica : english edition},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1000-9515},
  doi       = {10.1111/1755-6724.12133},
  pages     = {1344 -- 1354},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Surface lake sediments, 28 from Hoh Xil, 24 from northeastern China, 99 from Lake Bosten, 31 from Ulungur and 26 from Heihai were collected to determine C-13 and O-18 values. Considering the impact factors, conductivity, alkalinity, pH, TOC, C/N and carbonate-content in the sediments, Cl, P, S, and metal element ratios of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Fe/Mn of bulk sediments as environmental variables enable evaluation of their influences on C-13 and O-18 using principal component analysis (PCA) method. The closure and residence time of lakes can influence the correlation between C-13 and O-18. Lake water will change from fresh to brackish with increasing reduction and eutrophication effects. Mg/Ca in the bulk sediment indicates the characteristic of residence time, Sr/Ca and Fe/Mn infer the salinity of lakes. Carbonate formation processes and types can influence the C-13-O-18 correlation. O-18 will be heavier from Mg-calcite and aragonite formed in a high-salinity water body than calcite formed in freshwater conditions. When carbonate content is less than 30\%, there is no relationship with either C-13 or O-18, and also none between C-13 and O-18. More than 30\%, carbonate content, however, co-varies highly to C-13 and O-18, and there is also a high correlation between C-13 and O-18. Vegetation conditions and primary productivity of lakes can influence the characteristics of C-13 and O-18, and their co-variance. Total organic matter content (TOC) in the sediments is higher with more terrestrial and submerged plants infilling. In northeastern and northwestern China, when organic matter in the lake sediments comes from endogenous floating organisms and algae, the C-13 value is high. C-13 is in the range of -4\%o to 0 parts per thousand when organic matter comes mainly from floating organisms (C/N<6); in the range of -4 parts per thousand to 8 parts per thousand when organic matter comes from diatoms (C/N=6 to 8); and -8 parts per thousand to -4 parts per thousand when organic matter comes from aquatic and terrestrial plants (C/N>8).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Zerbian2013,
  author    = {Zerbian, Sabine},
  title     = {Prosodic marking of narrow focus across varieties of South African English},
  series = {English world-wide : a journal of varieties of English},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {English world-wide : a journal of varieties of English},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Benjamins},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0172-8865},
  doi       = {10.1075/eww.34.1.02zer},
  pages     = {26 -- 47},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {This paper reports on an elicited production study which investigates prosodic marking of narrow focus in modified noun phrases in varieties of South African English. The acoustic analysis of fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration in narrow focus is presented and discussed. The results suggest that these three acoustic parameters are manipulated differently in narrow focus in the varieties of English as a Second Language as compared to General South African English. The article compares the results to what is known about prosodic marking of information structure in other varieties of English as a Second Language and underlines the necessity of carefully controlled data in the investigation of phonological and phonetic variation in varieties of English.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZarattiniMuraKetmaier2013,
  author    = {Zarattini, Paola and Mura, Graziella and Ketmaier, Valerio},
  title     = {Intra-specific variability in the thirteen known populations of the fairy shrimp Chirocephalus ruffoi (Crustacea: Anostraca) - resting egg morphometrics and mitochondrial DNA reveal decoupled patterns of deep divergence},
  series = {Hydrobiologia : acta hydrobiologica, hydrographica, limnologica et protistologica},
  volume    = {713},
  journal   = {Hydrobiologia : acta hydrobiologica, hydrographica, limnologica et protistologica},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {0018-8158},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10750-013-1487-8},
  pages     = {19 -- 34},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Chirocephalus ruffoi is a fairy shrimp endemic to the Italian peninsula, where it is known only from thirteen high mountain locations. Twelve of these are in the Northern Apennines while the thirteenth is about 700 km away in the Calabrian Apennines (Southern Italy). We quantified degree of genetic divergence within the species by sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA encoding for Cytochrome Oxidase I. We then combined genetic data with the re-analysis of two different datasets on the morphometrics of the resting eggs (cysts) produced by the species as an adaptation to survive seasonal droughts. Genetic data revealed profound divergence; we identified four clusters of haplotypes within the species phylogeography, three in the Northern Apennines and one in the Calabrian Apennines with most of the genetic variation (a parts per thousand 70\%) being apportioned among haplogroups. We found high variability in cyst morphometrics, especially in cyst size and height of the spines ornamenting the surface. Genetic and morphometric data are decoupled suggesting that cyst morphology is either under selection or a plastic trait. We, therefore, caution against using cyst morphology for taxonomic purposes in anostracans.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZaourarHamoudiHolschneideretal.2013,
  author    = {Zaourar, Naima and Hamoudi, Mohamed and Holschneider, Matthias and Mandea, Mioara},
  title     = {Fractal dynamics of geomagnetic storms},
  series = {Arabian journal of geosciences},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Arabian journal of geosciences},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1866-7511},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12517-011-0487-0},
  pages     = {1693 -- 1702},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {We explore fluctuations of the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field to identify scaling behaviour of the temporal variability in geomagnetic data recorded by the Intermagnet observatories during the solar cycle 23 (years 1996 to 2005). In this work, we use the remarkable ability of scaling wavelet exponents to highlight the singularities associated with discontinuities present in the magnetograms obtained at two magnetic observatories for six intense magnetic storms, including the sudden storm commencements of 14 July 2000, 29-31 October and 20-21 November 2003. In the active intervals that occurred during geomagnetic storms, we observe a rapid and unidirectional change in the spectral scaling exponent at the time of storm onset. The corresponding fractal features suggest that the dynamics of the whole time series is similar to that of a fractional Brownian motion. Our findings point to an evident relatively sudden change related to the emergence of persistency of the fractal power exponent fluctuations precedes an intense magnetic storm. These first results could be useful in the framework of extreme events prediction studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZaourarHamoudiMandeaetal.2013,
  author    = {Zaourar, N. and Hamoudi, M. and Mandea, M. and Balasis, G. and Holschneider, Matthias},
  title     = {Wavelet-based multiscale analysis of geomagnetic disturbance},
  series = {EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE},
  volume    = {65},
  journal   = {EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO},
  address   = {TOKYO},
  issn      = {1343-8832},
  doi       = {10.5047/eps.2013.05.001},
  pages     = {1525 -- 1540},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The dynamics of external contributions to the geomagnetic field is investigated by applying time-frequency methods to magnetic observatory data. Fractal models and multiscale analysis enable obtaining maximum quantitative information related to the short-term dynamics of the geomagnetic field activity. The stochastic properties of the horizontal component of the transient external field are determined by searching for scaling laws in the power spectra. The spectrum fits a power law with a scaling exponent beta, a typical characteristic of self-affine time-series. Local variations in the power-law exponent are investigated by applying wavelet analysis to the same time-series. These analyses highlight the self-affine properties of geomagnetic perturbations and their persistence. Moreover, they show that the main phases of sudden storm disturbances are uniquely characterized by a scaling exponent varying between 1 and 3, possibly related to the energy contained in the external field. These new findings suggest the existence of a long-range dependence, the scaling exponent being an efficient indicator of geomagnetic activity and singularity detection. These results show that by using magnetogram regularity to reflect the magnetosphere activity, a theoretical analysis of the external geomagnetic field based on local power-law exponents is possible.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZakharovaNikoloskiKoseska2013,
  author    = {Zakharova, A. and Nikoloski, Zoran and Koseska, Aneta},
  title     = {Dimensionality reduction of bistable biological systems},
  series = {Bulletin of mathematical biology : official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology},
  volume    = {75},
  journal   = {Bulletin of mathematical biology : official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0092-8240},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11538-013-9807-8},
  pages     = {373 -- 392},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Time hierarchies, arising as a result of interactions between system's components, represent a ubiquitous property of dynamical biological systems. In addition, biological systems have been attributed switch-like properties modulating the response to various stimuli across different organisms and environmental conditions. Therefore, establishing the interplay between these features of system dynamics renders itself a challenging question of practical interest in biology. Existing methods are suitable for systems with one stable steady state employed as a well-defined reference. In such systems, the characterization of the time hierarchies has already been used for determining the components that contribute to the dynamics of biological systems. However, the application of these methods to bistable nonlinear systems is impeded due to their inherent dependence on the reference state, which in this case is no longer unique. Here, we extend the applicability of the reference-state analysis by proposing, analyzing, and applying a novel method, which allows investigation of the time hierarchies in systems exhibiting bistability. The proposed method is in turn used in identifying the components, other than reactions, which determine the systemic dynamical properties. We demonstrate that in biological systems of varying levels of complexity and spanning different biological levels, the method can be effectively employed for model simplification while ensuring preservation of qualitative dynamical properties (i.e., bistability). Finally, by establishing a connection between techniques from nonlinear dynamics and multivariate statistics, the proposed approach provides the basis for extending reference-based analysis to bistable systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Yustus2013,
  author    = {Yustus, Ekaterina},
  title     = {Status und Aufgaben des Bundesverfassungsgerichts},
  series = {Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit in der Russischen F{\"o}deration und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : Rundtischgespr{\"a}ch an der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen Kutafin-Universit{\"a}t am 9. und 10. Oktober 2012},
  journal   = {Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit in der Russischen F{\"o}deration und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland : Rundtischgespr{\"a}ch an der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen Kutafin-Universit{\"a}t am 9. und 10. Oktober 2012},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-68278},
  pages     = {57 -- 61},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Inhalt: I. Die verfassungsrechtliche Stellung des BVerfG II. Die Zusammensetzung des BVerfG III. Die Zus{\"a}ndigkeit des BVerfG},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{YildirimSchildgenEchtleretal.2013,
  author    = {Yildirim, Cengiz and Schildgen, Taylor F. and Echtler, Helmut Peter and Melnick, Daniel and Bookhagen, Bodo and Ciner, T. Attila and Niedermann, Samuel and Merchel, Silke and Martschini, Martin and Steier, Peter and Strecker, Manfred},
  title     = {Tectonic implications of fluvial incision and pediment deformation at the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau based on multiple cosmogenic nuclides},
  series = {Tectonics},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Tectonics},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0278-7407},
  doi       = {10.1002/tect.20066},
  pages     = {1107 -- 1120},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {We document Quaternary fluvial incision driven by fault-controlled surface deformation in the inverted intermontane G{\"o}kirmak Basin in the Central Pontide mountains along the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau. In-situ-produced Be-10, Ne-21, and Cl-36 concentrations from gravel-covered fluvial terraces and pediment surfaces along the trunk stream of the basin (the G{\"o}kirmak River) yield model exposure ages ranging from 71ka to 34645ka and average fluvial incision rates over the past similar to 350ka of 0.280.01mm a(-1). Similarities between river incision rates and coastal uplift rates at the Black Sea coast suggest that regional uplift is responsible for the river incision. Model exposure ages of deformed pediment surfaces along tributaries of the trunk stream range from 605ka to 110 +/- 10ka, demonstrating that the thrust faults responsible for pediment deformation were active after those times and were likely active earlier as well as explaining the topographic relief of the region. Together, our data demonstrate cumulative incision that is linked to active internal shortening and uplift of similar to 0.3mm a(-1) in the Central Pontide orogenic wedge, which may ultimately contribute to the lateral growth of the northern Anatolian Plateau.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YildirimMelnickBallatoetal.2013,
  author    = {Yildirim, Cengiz and Melnick, Daniel and Ballato, Paolo and Schildgen, Taylor F. and Echtler, Helmut Peter and Erginal, A. Evren and Kiyak, Nafiye Gunec and Strecker, Manfred},
  title     = {Differential uplift along the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau - inferences from marine terraces},
  series = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal},
  volume    = {81},
  journal   = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0277-3791},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.011},
  pages     = {12 -- 28},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Emerged marine terraces and paleoshorelines along plate margins are prominent geomorphic markers that can be used to quantify the rates and patterns of crustal deformation. The northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau has been interpreted as an actively deforming orogenic wedge between the North Anatolian Fault and the Black Sea. Here we use uplifted marine terraces across principal faults on the Sinop Peninsula at the central northern side of the Pontide orogenic wedge to unravel patterns of Quaternary faulting and orogenic wedge behavior. We leveled the present-day elevations of paleoshorelines and dated marine terrace deposits using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to determine coastal uplift. The elevations of the paleoshorelines vary between 4 +/- 0.2 and 67 +/- 1.4 m above sea level and OSL ages suggest terrace formation episodes during interglacial periods at ca 125, 190, 400 and 570 ka, corresponding to marine isotopic stages (MIS) 5e, 7a, 11 and 15. Mean apparent vertical displacement rates (without eustatic correction) deduced from these terraces range between 0.02 and 0.18 mm/a, with intermittent faster rates of up to 0.26 mm/a. We obtained higher rates at the eastern and southern parts of the peninsula, toward the hinterland, indicating non-uniform uplift across the different morphotectonic segments of the peninsula. Our data are consistent with active on- and offshore faulting across the Sinop Peninsula. When integrated with regional tectonic observations, the faulting pattern reflects shortening distributed over a broad region of the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau during the Quaternary.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YarmanWollenbergerScheller2013,
  author    = {Yarman, Aysu and Wollenberger, Ursula and Scheller, Frieder W.},
  title     = {Sensors based on cytochrome P450 and CYP mimicking systems},
  series = {ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA},
  volume    = {110},
  journal   = {ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA},
  publisher = {PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
  address   = {OXFORD},
  issn      = {0013-4686},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.154},
  pages     = {63 -- 72},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) act on more than 90 percent of all drugs currently on the market. The catalytic cycle requires electron supply to the heme iron in the presence of oxygen. Electrochemistry allows to characterise the reaction mechanism of these redox enzymes by observing the electron transfer in real time. According to the number of publications on protein electrochemistry CYP has the third position after glucose oxidase and cytochrome c. CYP based enzyme electrodes for the quantification of drugs, metabolites or pesticides have been developed using different iso-enzymes. A crucial step in the sensor development is the efficiency of coupling the biocatalytic systems with the electrode is. In the 1970s the direct electron transfer of heme and heme peptides called microperoxidases (MPs) was used as model of oxidoreductases. They exhibit a broad substrate spectrum including hydroxylation of selected aromatic substrates, demethylation and epoxidation by means of hydrogen peroxide. It overlaps with that of P450 making heme and MPs to alternate recognition elements in biosensors for the detection of typical CYP substrates. In these enzyme electrodes the signal is generated by the conversion of all substrates thus representing in complex media an overall parameter. By combining the biocatalytic substrate conversion with selective binding to a molecularly imprinted polymer layer the specificity has been improved. Here we discuss different approaches of biosensors based on CYP, microperoxidases and catalytically active MIPs and discuss their potential as recognition elements in biosensors. The performance of these sensors and their further development are discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YarmanScheller2013,
  author    = {Yarman, Aysu and Scheller, Frieder W.},
  title     = {Coupling biocatalysis with molecular imprinting in a biomimetic sensor},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie : a journal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker ; International edition},
  number    = {44},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1433-7851},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.201305368},
  pages     = {11521 -- 11525},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YanPanLaubrocketal.2013,
  author    = {Yan, Ming and Pan, Jinger and Laubrock, Jochen and Kliegl, Reinhold and Shu, Hua},
  title     = {Parafoveal processing efficiency in rapid automatized naming a comparison between Chinese normal and dyslexic children},
  series = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
  volume    = {115},
  journal   = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {San Diego},
  issn      = {0022-0965},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jecp.2013.01.007},
  pages     = {579 -- 589},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Dyslexic children are known to be slower than normal readers in rapid automatized naming (RAN). This suggests that dyslexics encounter local processing difficulties, which presumably induce a narrower perceptual span. Consequently, dyslexics should suffer less than normal readers from removing parafoveal preview. Here we used a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm in a RAN task to experimentally test this prediction. Results indicate that dyslexics extract less parafoveal information than control children. We propose that more attentional resources are recruited to the foveal processing because of dyslexics' less automatized translation of visual symbols into phonological output, thereby causing a reduction of the perceptual span. This in turn leads to less efficient preactivation of parafoveal information and, hence, more difficulty in processing the next foveal item.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YairBryanLaveeetal.2013,
  author    = {Yair, Aaron and Bryan, Rorke B. and Lavee, Hanoch and Schwanghart, Wolfgang and Kuhn, Nikolaus J.},
  title     = {The resilience of a badland area to climate change in an arid environment},
  series = {Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution},
  volume    = {106},
  journal   = {Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0341-8162},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.catena.2012.04.006},
  pages     = {12 -- 21},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Badlands have long been considered as model landscapes due to their perceived close relationship between form and process. The often intense features of erosion have also attracted many geomorphologists because the associated high rates of erosion appeared to offer the opportunity for studying surface processes and the resulting forms. Recently, the perceived simplicity of badlands has been questioned because the expected relationships between driving forces for erosion and the resulting sediment yield could not be observed. Further, a high variability in erosion and sediment yield has been observed across scales. Finally, denudation based on currently observed erosion rates would have lead to the destruction of most badlands a long time ago. While the perceived simplicity of badlands has sparked a disproportional (compared to the land surface they cover) amount of research, our increasing amount of information has not necessarily increased our understanding of badlands in equal terms. Overall, badlands appear to be more complex than initially assumed. In this paper, we review 40 years of research in the Zin Valley Badlands in Israel to reconcile some of the conflicting results observed there and develop a perspective on the function of badlands as model landscapes. While the data collected in the Zin Valley clearly confirm that spatial and temporal patterns of geomorphic processes and their interaction with topography and surface properties have to be understood, we still conclude that the process of realizing complexity in the "simple" badlands has a model function both for our understanding as well as perspective on all landscape systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YadavalliSaphiannikovaLomadzeetal.2013,
  author    = {Yadavalli, Nataraja Sekhar and Saphiannikova, Marina and Lomadze, Nino and Goldenberg, Leonid M. and Santer, Svetlana},
  title     = {Structuring of photosensitive material below diffraction limit using far field irradiation},
  series = {Applied physics : A, Materials science \& processing},
  volume    = {113},
  journal   = {Applied physics : A, Materials science \& processing},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0947-8396},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00339-013-7945-3},
  pages     = {263 -- 272},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In this paper, we report on in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of topographical changes in azobenzene-containing photosensitive polymer films that are irradiated with light interference patterns. We have developed an experimental setup consisting of an AFM combined with two-beam interferometry that permits us to switch between different polarization states of the two interfering beams while scanning the illuminated area of the polymer film, acquiring corresponding changes in topography in-situ. This way, we are able to analyze how the change in topography is related to the variation of the electrical field vector within the interference pattern. It is for the first time that with a rather simple experimental approach a rigorous assignment can be achieved. By performing in-situ measurements we found that for a certain polarization combination of two interfering beams [namely for the SP (a dagger center dot, a dagger") polarization pattern] the topography forms surface relief grating with only half the period of the interference patterns. Exploiting this phenomenon we are able to fabricate surface relief structures with characteristic features measuring only 140 nm, by using far field optics with a wavelength of 491 nm. We believe that this relatively simple method could be extremely valuable to, for instance, produce structural features below the diffraction limit at high-throughput, and this could significantly contribute to the search of new fabrication strategies in electronics and photonics industry.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YadavalliSanter2013,
  author    = {Yadavalli, Nataraja Sekhar and Santer, Svetlana},
  title     = {In-situ atomic force microscopy study of the mechanism of surface relief grating formation in photosensitive polymer films},
  series = {Journal of applied physics},
  volume    = {113},
  journal   = {Journal of applied physics},
  number    = {22},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville},
  issn      = {0021-8979},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.4809640},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {When photosensitive azobenzene-containing polymer films are irradiated with light interference patterns, topographic variations in the film develop that follow the local distribution of the electric field vector. The exact correspondence of e.g., the vector orientation in relation to the presence of local topographic minima or maxima is in general difficult to determine. Here, we report on a systematic procedure how this can be accomplished. For this, we devise a new set-up combining an atomic force microscope and two-beam interferometry. With this set-up, it is possible to track the topography change in-situ, while at the same time changing polarization and phase of the impinging interference pattern. This is the first time that an absolute correspondence between the local distribution of electric field vectors and the local topography of the relief grating could be established exhaustively. Our setup does not require a complex mathematical post-processing and its simplicity renders it interesting for characterizing photosensitive polymer films in general.},
  language  = {en}
}