@article{BaierKellingJackstelletal.2013,
  author    = {Baier, Heiko and Kelling, Alexandra and Jackstell, Ralf and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Rhodium(I) and Silver(I) Complexes of 4,5-Dicyano-1,3-dimesityl- and 4,5-Dicyano-1,3-dineopentylimidazol-2-ylidene},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie},
  volume    = {639},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {0044-2313},
  doi       = {10.1002/zaac.201300250},
  pages     = {1731 -- 1739},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors 4,5-dicyano-1, -dimesityl- (9) and 4, 5-dicyano-1, 3-dineopentyl-2-(pentafluorophenyl)imidazoline (14) were synthesized. 9 could be determined by X-ray crystallography. With the 2-pentafluorophenyl-substituted imidazolines 9 and 14, the [AgCl(NHC)], [RhCl(COD)(NHC)], and [RhCl(CO)(2)(NHC)] complexes [NHC = 4, 5-dicyano-1, 3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (3) and 4, 5-dicyano-1, 3-dineopentylimidazol-2-ylidene (4)] were obtained. Crystal structures of [AgCl(3)] (15), [RhCl(COD)(3)] (17), [RhCl(COD)(4)] (18), and [RhCl(CO)(2)(3)] (19) were solved and with the crystal data of 19, the percent buried volume (\%V-bur) of 31.8(+/- 0.1)\% was determined for NHC 3. Infrared spectra of the imidazolines 9 and 14 and of the complexes 15-20 were recorded and the CO stretching frequencies of complexes 19 and 20 were used to determine the 3 ( (-1)) and 4 ( (-1)), thus proving that 1, 3-substitution of maleonitrile-NHCs does not have a significant effect for the high -acceptor strength of these carbenes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BailleulGrimmChionetal.2013,
  author    = {Bailleul, Frederic and Grimm, Volker and Chion, Clement and Hammill, Mike},
  title     = {Modeling implications of food resource aggregation on animal migration phenology},
  series = {Ecology and evolution},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Ecology and evolution},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {2045-7758},
  doi       = {10.1002/ece3.656},
  pages     = {2535 -- 2546},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The distribution of poikilotherms is determined by the thermal structure of the marine environment that they are exposed to. Recent research has indicated that changes in migration phenology of beluga whales in the Arctic are triggered by changes in the thermal structure of the marine environment in their summering area. If sea temperatures reflect the spatial distribution of food resources, then changes in the thermal regime will affect how homogeneous or clumped food is distributed. We explore, by individual-based modelling, the hypothesis that changes in migration phenology are not necessarily or exclusively triggered by changes in food abundance, but also by changes in the spatial aggregation of food. We found that the level of food aggregation can significantly affect the relationship between the timing of the start of migration to the winter grounds and the total prey capture of individuals. Our approach strongly indicates that changes in the spatial distribution of food resources should be considered for understanding and quantitatively predicting changes in the phenology of animal migration.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Baillot2013,
  author    = {Baillot, Anne},
  title     = {Kommunikation},
  isbn      = {978-3-8353-1255-5},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BalderjahnBuerkeKirchgeorgetal.2013,
  author    = {Balderjahn, Ingo and Buerke, Anja and Kirchgeorg, Manfred and Peyer, Mathias and Seegebarth, Barbara and Wiedmann, Klaus-Peter},
  title     = {Consciousness for sustainable consumption : scale development and new insights in the economic dimension of consumers' sustainability},
  series = {AMS review : official publication of the Academy of Marketing Scienc},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {AMS review : official publication of the Academy of Marketing Scienc},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1869-814X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13162-013-0057-6},
  pages     = {181 -- 192},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The "triple bottom line" concept (planet, people, and profit) represents an important guideline for the sustainable, hence future-oriented, development of societies and for the behaviors of all societal members. For institutions promoting societal change, as well as for companies being confronted with growing expectations regarding compelling contributions to sustainable changes, it is of great importance to know if, and to what extent, consumers have already internalized the idea of sustainability. Against the background of existing research gaps regarding a comprehensive measurement of the consciousness for sustainable consumption (CSC), the authors present the result of a scale development. Consciousness was operationalized by weighting personal beliefs with the importance attached by consumers to sustainability dimensions. Four separate tests of the CSC scale indicated an appropriate psychometric quality of the scale and provided support for this new measurement approach that incorporates the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainability.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BalderjahnPeyerPaulssen2013,
  author    = {Balderjahn, Ingo and Peyer, Mathias and Paulssen, Marcel},
  title     = {Consciousness for fair consumption : conceptualization, scale development and empirical validation},
  series = {International Journal of Consumer Studies},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {International Journal of Consumer Studies},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1470-6431},
  doi       = {10.1111/ijcs.12030},
  pages     = {546 -- 555},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Sustainable consumption means that consumers act in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. Compared with the vast amount of studies concerning environmentally conscious consumer behaviour, relatively little is known about socially conscious consumption. The present paper focuses on fair consumption as an important aspect of social consumption. In our study, consciousness for fair consumption (CFC) is defined as a latent disposition of consumers to prefer products that are produced and traded in compliance with fair labour and business practices. A scale to measure CFC was conceptualized and tested in three independent empirical studies. Two studies were conducted at European universities (2010 and 2012) and used 352 and 362 undergraduate business students respectively. The third study, conducted in 2011, used 141 employees at a European university. The results confirmed the reliability and validity of the new CFC scale across samples. While being moderately related to other aspects of sustainable consumption such as ecological concern and moral reasoning, CFC was significantly distinct from those concepts. Most importantly, it was established that the CFC, as measured by the new CFC scale, is a strong determinant of consumption of fair trade products that has been neglected in existing research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BalderjahnPeyerPaulssen2013,
  author    = {Balderjahn, Ingo and Peyer, Mathias and Paulssen, Marcel},
  title     = {Consciousness for fair consumption - conceptualization, scale development and empirical validation},
  series = {International journal of consumer studies},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {International journal of consumer studies},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1470-6423},
  doi       = {10.1111/ijcs.12030},
  pages     = {546 -- 555},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Sustainable consumption means that consumers act in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. Compared with the vast amount of studies concerning environmentally conscious consumer behaviour, relatively little is known about socially conscious consumption. The present paper focuses on fair consumption as an important aspect of social consumption. In our study, consciousness for fair consumption (CFC) is defined as a latent disposition of consumers to prefer products that are produced and traded in compliance with fair labour and business practices. A scale to measure CFC was conceptualized and tested in three independent empirical studies. Two studies were conducted at European universities (2010 and 2012) and used 352 and 362 undergraduate business students respectively. The third study, conducted in 2011, used 141 employees at a European university. The results confirmed the reliability and validity of the new CFC scale across samples. While being moderately related to other aspects of sustainable consumption such as ecological concern and moral reasoning, CFC was significantly distinct from those concepts. Most importantly, it was established that the CFC, as measured by the new CFC scale, is a strong determinant of consumption of fair trade products that has been neglected in existing research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BalderjahnSilbermann2013,
  author    = {Balderjahn, Ingo and Silbermann, Alexandra},
  title     = {Die Rolle der Selbstaufmerksamkeit beim Bewusstsein f{\"u}r einen gesunden Konsum : {\"U}berblick und Konzeptentwicklung},
  series = {International Journal of Marketing : IJM},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {International Journal of Marketing : IJM},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Verlag {\"O}sterreich},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {2306-7217},
  pages     = {37 -- 48},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BallatoStockliGhassemietal.2013,
  author    = {Ballato, Paolo and Stockli, Daniel F. and Ghassemi, Mohammad R. and Landgraf, Angela and Strecker, Manfred and Hassanzadeh, Jamshid and Friedrich, Anke M. and Tabatabaei, Saeid H.},
  title     = {Accommodation of transpressional strain in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone new constraints from (U-Th)/He thermochronology in the Alborz mountains, north Iran},
  series = {Tectonics},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Tectonics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0278-7407},
  doi       = {10.1029/2012TC003159},
  pages     = {1 -- 18},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The Alborz range of N Iran provides key information on the spatiotemporal evolution and characteristics of the Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone. The southwestern Alborz range constitutes a transpressional duplex, which accommodates oblique shortening between Central Iran and the South Caspian Basin. The duplex comprises NW-striking frontal ramps that are kinematically linked to inherited E-W-striking, right-stepping lateral to obliquely oriented ramps. New zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He data provide a high-resolution framework to unravel the evolution of collisional tectonics in this region. Our data record two pulses of fast cooling associated with SW-directed thrusting across the frontal ramps at similar to 18-14 and 9.5-7.5 Ma, resulting in the tectonic repetition of a fossil zircon partial retention zone and a cooling pattern with a half U-shaped geometry. Uniform cooling ages of similar to 7-6 Ma along the southernmost E-W striking oblique ramp and across its associated NW-striking frontal ramps suggests that the ramp was reactivated as a master throughgoing, N-dipping thrust. We interpret this major change in fault kinematics and deformation style to be related to a change in the shortening direction from NE to N/NNE. The reduction in the obliquity of thrusting may indicate the termination of strike-slip faulting (and possibly thrusting) across the Iranian Plateau, which could have been triggered by an increase in elevation. Furthermore, we suggest that similar to 7-6-m.y.-old S-directed thrusting predated inception of the westward motion of the South Caspian Basin. Citation: Ballato, P., D. F. Stockli, M. R. Ghassemi, A. Landgraf, M. R. Strecker, J. Hassanzadeh, A. Friedrich, and S. H. Tabatabaei (2012), Accommodation of transpressional strain in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone: new constraints from (U-Th)/He thermochronology in the Alborz mountains.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BallingMaystrenkoScheckWenderoth2013,
  author    = {Balling, Philipp and Maystrenko, Yuriy and Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena},
  title     = {The deep thermal field of the Gl{\"u}ckstadt Graben},
  series = {Environmental earth sciences},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Environmental earth sciences},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1866-6280},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12665-013-2750-z},
  pages     = {3505 -- 3522},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {With this paper, we assess the present-day conductive thermal field of the Glueckstadt Graben in NW Germany that is characterized by large salt walls and diapirs structuring the graben fill. We use a finite element method to calculate the 3D steady-state conductive thermal field based on a lithosphere-scale 3D structural model that resolves the first-order structural characteristics of the graben and its underlying lithosphere. Model predictions are validated against measured temperatures in six deep wells. Our investigations show that the interaction of thickness distributions and thermal rock properties of the different geological layers is of major importance for the distribution of temperatures in the deep subsurface of the Glueckstadt Graben. However, the local temperatures may result from the superposed effects of different controlling factors. Especially, the upper sedimentary part of the model exhibits huge lateral temperature variations, which correlate spatially with the shape of the thermally highly conductive Permian salt layer. Variations in thickness and geometry of the salt cause two major effects, which provoke considerable lateral temperature variations for a given depth. (1) The "chimney effect" causes more efficient heat transport within salt diapirs. As a consequence positive thermal anomalies develop in the upper part and above salt structures, where the latter are covered by much less conductive sediments. In contrast, negative thermal anomalies are noticeable underneath salt structures. (2) The "thermal blanketing effect" is caused by thermally low conductive sediments that provoke the local storage of heat where these insulating sediments are present. The latter effect leads to both local and regional thermal anomalies. Locally, this translates to higher temperatures where salt margin synclines are filled with thick insulating clastic sediments. For the regional anomalies the cumulative insulating effects of the entire sediment fill results in a long-wavelength variation of temperatures in response to heat refraction effects caused by the contrast between insulating sediments and highly conductive crystalline crust. Finally, the longest wavelength of temperature variations is caused by the depth position of the isothermal lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary defining the regional variations of the overall geothermal gradient. We find that a conductive thermal model predicts observed temperatures reasonably well for five of the six available wells, whereas the steady-state conductive approach appears not to be valid for the sixth well.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BanbaraSohTamuraetal.2013,
  author    = {Banbara, Mutsunori and Soh, Takehide and Tamura, Naoyuki and Inoue, Katsumi and Schaub, Torsten H.},
  title     = {Answer set programming as a modeling language for course timetabling},
  series = {Theory and practice of logic programming},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Theory and practice of logic programming},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1471-0684},
  doi       = {10.1017/S1471068413000495},
  pages     = {783 -- 798},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The course timetabling problem can be generally defined as the task of assigning a number of lectures to a limited set of timeslots and rooms, subject to a given set of hard and soft constraints. The modeling language for course timetabling is required to be expressive enough to specify a wide variety of soft constraints and objective functions. Furthermore, the resulting encoding is required to be extensible for capturing new constraints and for switching them between hard and soft, and to be flexible enough to deal with different formulations. In this paper, we propose to make effective use of ASP as a modeling language for course timetabling. We show that our ASP-based approach can naturally satisfy the above requirements, through an ASP encoding of the curriculum-based course timetabling problem proposed in the third track of the second international timetabling competition (ITC-2007). Our encoding is compact and human-readable, since each constraint is individually expressed by either one or two rules. Each hard constraint is expressed by using integrity constraints and aggregates of ASP. Each soft constraint S is expressed by rules in which the head is the form of penalty (S, V, C), and a violation V and its penalty cost C are detected and calculated respectively in the body. We carried out experiments on four different benchmark sets with five different formulations. We succeeded either in improving the bounds or producing the same bounds for many combinations of problem instances and formulations, compared with the previous best known bounds.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BarbosaPfannesAnielskiGerhardtetal.2013,
  author    = {Barbosa Pfannes, Eva Katharina and Anielski, Alexander and Gerhardt, Matthias and Beta, Carsten},
  title     = {Intracellular photoactivation of caged cGMP induces myosin II and actin responses in motile cells},
  series = {Integrative biology},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Integrative biology},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1757-9694},
  doi       = {10.1039/c3ib40109j},
  pages     = {1456 -- 1463},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger in eukaryotic cells. It is assumed to regulate the association of myosin II with the cytoskeleton of motile cells. When cells of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum are exposed to chemoattractants or to increased osmotic stress, intracellular cGMP levels rise, preceding the accumulation of myosin II in the cell cortex. To directly investigate the impact of intracellular cGMP on cytoskeletal dynamics in a living cell, we released cGMP inside the cell by laser-induced photo-cleavage of a caged precursor. With this approach, we could directly show in a live cell experiment that an increase in intracellular cGMP indeed induces myosin II to accumulate in the cortex. Unexpectedly, we observed for the first time that also the amount of filamentous actin in the cell cortex increases upon a rise in the cGMP concentration, independently of cAMP receptor activation and signaling. We discuss our results in the light of recent work on the cGMP signaling pathway and suggest possible links between cGMP signaling and the actin system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaroniOrtuaniFacchietal.2013,
  author    = {Baroni, Gabriele and Ortuani, B. and Facchi, A. and Gandolfi, C.},
  title     = {The role of vegetation and soil properties on the spatio-temporal variability of the surface soil moisture in a maize-cropped field},
  series = {Journal of hydrology},
  volume    = {489},
  journal   = {Journal of hydrology},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0022-1694},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.03.007},
  pages     = {148 -- 159},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Soil moisture dynamics are affected by complex interactions among several factors. Understanding the relative importance of these factors is still an important challenge in the study of water fluxes and solute transport in unsaturated media. In this study, the spatio-temporal variability of surface soil moisture was investigated in a 10 ha flat cropped field located in northern Italy. Soil moisture was measured on a regular 50 x 50 m grid on seven dates during the growing season. For each measurement campaign, the spatial variability of the soil moisture was compared with the spatial variability of the soil texture and crop properties. In particular, to better understand the role of the vegetation, the spatio-temporal variability of two different parameters - leaf area index and crop height - was monitored on eight dates at different crop development stages. Statistical and geostatistical analysis was then applied to explore the interactions between these variables. In agreement with other studies, the results show that the soil moisture variability changes according to the average value within the field, with the standard deviation reaching a maximum value under intermediate mean soil moisture conditions and the coefficient of variation decreasing exponentially with increasing mean soil moisture. The controls of soil moisture variability change according to the average soil moisture within the field. Under wet conditions, the spatial distribution of the soil moisture reflects the variability of the soil texture. Under dry conditions, the spatial distribution of the soil moisture is affected mostly by the spatial variability of the vegetation. The interaction between these two factors is more important under intermediate soil moisture conditions. These results confirm the importance of considering the average soil moisture conditions within a field when investigating the controls affecting the spatial variability of soil moisture. This study highlights the importance of considering the spatio-temporal variability of the vegetation in investigating soil moisture dynamics, especially under intermediate and dry soil moisture conditions. The results of this study have important implications in different hydrological applications, such as for sampling design, ranking stability application, indirect measurements of soil properties and model parameterisation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BarthelmeTrukenbrodEngbertetal.2013,
  author    = {Barthelme, Simon and Trukenbrod, Hans Arne and Engbert, Ralf and Wichmann, Felix A.},
  title     = {Modeling fixation locations using spatial point processes},
  series = {Journal of vision},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Journal of vision},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology},
  address   = {Rockville},
  issn      = {1534-7362},
  doi       = {10.1167/13.12.1},
  pages     = {34},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Whenever eye movements are measured, a central part of the analysis has to do with where subjects fixate and why they fixated where they fixated. To a first approximation, a set of fixations can be viewed as a set of points in space; this implies that fixations are spatial data and that the analysis of fixation locations can be beneficially thought of as a spatial statistics problem. We argue that thinking of fixation locations as arising from point processes is a very fruitful framework for eye-movement data, helping turn qualitative questions into quantitative ones. We provide a tutorial introduction to some of the main ideas of the field of spatial statistics, focusing especially on spatial Poisson processes. We show how point processes help relate image properties to fixation locations. In particular we show how point processes naturally express the idea that image features' predictability for fixations may vary from one image to another. We review other methods of analysis used in the literature, show how they relate to point process theory, and argue that thinking in terms of point processes substantially extends the range of analyses that can be performed and clarify their interpretation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BartholdWiesmeierBreueretal.2013,
  author    = {Barthold, Frauke Katrin and Wiesmeier, Martin and Breuer, L. and Frede, Hans-Georg and Wu, J. and Blank, F. Benjamin},
  title     = {Land use and climate control the spatial distribution of soil types in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia},
  series = {Journal of arid environments},
  volume    = {88},
  journal   = {Journal of arid environments},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0140-1963},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.08.004},
  pages     = {194 -- 205},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The spatial distribution of soil types is controlled by a set of environmental factors such as climate, organisms, parent material and topography as well as time and space. A change of these factors will lead to a change in the spatial distribution of soil types. In this study, we use a digital soil mapping approach to improve our knowledge about major soil type distributing factors in the steppe regions of Inner Mongolia (China) which currently undergo tremendous environmental change, e.g. climate and land use change. We use Random Forests in an effort to map Reference Soil Groups according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) in the Xilin River catchment. We benefit from the superior prediction capabilities of RF and additional interpretive results in order to identify the major environmental factors that control spatial patterns of soil types. The nine WRB soil groups that were identified and spatially predicted for the study area are Arenosol, Calcisol, Cambisol, Chernozem, Cryosol, Gleysol, Kastanozem, Phaeozem and Regosol. Model and prediction performances of the RF model are high with an Out-of-Bag error of 51.6\% for the model and a misclassification error for the predicted map of 28.9\%. The main controlling factors of soil type distribution are land use, a set of topographic variables, geology and climate. However, land use and climate are of major importance and topography and geology are of minor importance. The visualizations of the predictions, the variable importance measures as result of RF and the comparisons of these with the spatial distribution of the environmental factors delivered additional, quantitative information of these controlling factors and revealed that intensively grazed areas are subjected to soil degradation. However, most of the area is still governed by natural soil forming processes which are driven by climate, topography and geology. Most importantly though, our study revealed that a shift towards warmer temperatures and lower precipitation regimes will lead to a change of the spatial distribution of RSGs towards steppe soils that store less carbon, i.e. a decrease of spatial extent of Phaeozems and an increase of spatial extent of Chernozems and Kastanozems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaselHarmsPrechtl2013,
  author    = {Basel, Nicolai and Harms, Ute and Prechtl, Helmut},
  title     = {Analysis of students' arguments on evolutionary theory},
  series = {Journal of biological education},
  volume    = {47},
  journal   = {Journal of biological education},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {0021-9266},
  doi       = {10.1080/00219266.2013.799078},
  pages     = {192 -- 199},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {A qualitative exploratory study was conducted to reveal students' argumentation skills in the context of the topic of evolution. Transcripts from problem-centred interviews on secondary students' beliefs about evolutionary processes of adaptation were analysed using a content analysis approach. For this purpose two categorical systems were deductively developed: one addressing the complexity of students' arguments, the other focusing on students' use of argumentation schemes. Subsequently, the categorical systems were inductively elaborated upon the basis of the analysed material showing a satisfactory inter-rater reliability. Regarding the arguments' complexity, students produced mainly single claims or claims with a single justification consisting of either data or warrants. With regard to argumentation schemes students drew their arguments mainly using causal schemes, analogies, or illustrative examples. Results are discussed in light of possible implications for teaching evolutionary theory using classroom argumentation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BassoMonteiroMazulquimetal.2013,
  author    = {Basso, Heitor Cury and Monteiro, Jose Roberto B. de A. and Mazulquim, Daniel Baladelli and de Paula, Geyverson Teixeira and Goncalves Neto, Luiz and Gerhard, Reimund},
  title     = {Alternating current-generated plasma discharges for the controlled direct current charging of ferroelectrets},
  series = {Journal of applied physics},
  volume    = {114},
  journal   = {Journal of applied physics},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville},
  issn      = {0021-8979},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.4821113},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The standard charging process for polymer ferroelectrets, e. g., from polypropylene foams or layered film systems involves the application of high DC fields either to metal electrodes or via a corona discharge. In this often-used process, the DC field triggers the internal breakdown and limits the final charge densities inside the ferroelectret cavities and, thus, the final polarization. Here, an AC + DC charging procedure is proposed and demonstrated in which a high-voltage high-frequency (HV-HF) wave train is applied together with a DC poling voltage. Thus, the internal dielectric-barrier discharges in the ferroelectret cavities are induced by the HV-HF wave train, while the final charge and polarization level is controlled separately through the applied DC voltage. In the new process, the frequency and the amplitude of the HV-HF wave train must be kept within critical boundaries that are closely related to the characteristics of the respective ferroelectrets. The charging method has been tested and investigated on a fluoropolymer-film system with a single well-defined cylindrical cavity. It is found that the internal electrical polarization of the cavity can be easily controlled and increases linearly with the applied DC voltage up to the breakdown voltage of the cavity. In the standard charging method, however, the DC voltage would have to be chosen above the respective breakdown voltage. With the new method, control of the HV-HF wave-train duration prevents a plasma-induced deterioration of the polymer surfaces inside the cavities. It is observed that the frequency of the HV-HF wave train during ferroelectret charging and the temperature applied during poling of ferroelectrics serve an analogous purpose. The analogy and the similarities between the proposed ferroelectret charging method and the poling of ferroelectric materials or dipole electrets at elevated temperatures with subsequent cooling under field are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BassoQiuWirgesetal.2013,
  author    = {Basso, Heitor Cury and Qiu, Xunlin and Wirges, Werner and Gerhard, Reimund},
  title     = {Temporal evolution of the re-breakdown voltage in small gaps from nanoseconds to milliseconds},
  series = {Applied physics letters},
  volume    = {102},
  journal   = {Applied physics letters},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville},
  issn      = {0003-6951},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.4773518},
  pages     = {5},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {A detailed understanding of electric breakdown in dielectrics is of scientific and technological interest. In gaseous dielectrics, a so-called re-breakdown is sometimes observed after extinction of the previous discharge. Although time-dependent re-breakdown voltage is essentially known, its behavior immediately after the previous discharge is not precisely understood. We present an electronic circuit for accurate measurements of the time-dependent re-breakdown voltage in small gaps from tens of nanoseconds to several milliseconds after the previous spark. Results from such experiments are compared with earlier findings, and relevant physical mechanisms such as heating of the gas, decay of the plasma, and ionization of excited atoms and molecules are discussed. It is confirmed that the thermal model is not valid at times below several microseconds.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BathkeSudhausHolohanetal.2013,
  author    = {Bathke, Hannes and Sudhaus, Henriette and Holohan, E. P. and Walter, T. R. and Shirzaei, M.},
  title     = {An active ring fault detected at Tendurek volcano by using InSAR},
  series = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH},
  volume    = {118},
  journal   = {JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
  address   = {WASHINGTON},
  issn      = {2169-9313},
  doi       = {10.1002/jgrb.50305},
  pages     = {4488 -- 4502},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Although ring faults are present at many ancient, deeply eroded volcanoes, they have been detected at only very few modern volcanic centers. At the so far little studied Tendurek volcano in eastern Turkey, we generated an ascending and a descending InSAR time series of its surface displacement field for the period from 2003 to 2010. We detected a large (similar to 105km(2)) region that underwent subsidence at the rate of similar to 1cm/yr during this period. Source modeling results show that the observed signal fits best to simulations of a near-horizontal contracting sill located at around 4.5km below the volcano summit. Intriguingly, the residual displacement velocity field contains a steep gradient that systematically follows a system of arcuate fractures visible on the volcano\’s midflanks. RapidEye satellite optical images show that this fracture system has deflected Holocene lava flows, thus indicating its presence for at least several millennia. We interpret the arcuate fracture system as the surface expression of an inherited ring fault that has been slowly reactivated during the detected recent subsidence. These results show that volcano ring faults may not only slip rapidly during eruptive or intrusive phases, but also slowly during dormant phases.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BauerSommerGaedke2013,
  author    = {Bauer, Barbara and Sommer, Ulrich and Gaedke, Ursula},
  title     = {High predictability of spring phytoplankton biomass in mesocosms at the species, functional group and community level},
  series = {Freshwater biology},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Freshwater biology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0046-5070},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02780.x},
  pages     = {588 -- 596},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {1. Models aim to predict phytoplankton dynamics based on observed initial conditions and a set of equations and parameters. However, our knowledge about initial conditions in nature is never perfect. Thus, if phytoplankton dynamics are sensitive to small variations in initial conditions, they are difficult to predict. 2. We used time-series data from indoor mesocosm experiments with natural phyto- and zooplankton communities to quantify the extent to which small initial differences in the species, functional group and community biomass in parallel treatments were amplified or buffered over time. We compared the differences in dynamics between replicates and among all mesocosms of 1year. 3. Temperature-sensitive grazing during the exponential growth phase of phytoplankton caused divergence. In contrast, negative density dependence caused convergence. 4. Mean differences in biomass between replicates were similar for all hierarchical levels. This indicates that differences in their initial conditions were amplified to the same extent. Even though large differences in biomass occasionally occurred between replicates for a short time, dynamics returned to the same path at all hierarchical levels. This suggests that internal feedback mechanisms make the spring development of phytoplankton highly predictable.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BauerMetzler2013,
  author    = {Bauer, Maximilian and Metzler, Ralf},
  title     = {In vivo facilitated diffusion model},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0053956},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Under dilute in vitro conditions transcription factors rapidly locate their target sequence on DNA by using the facilitated diffusion mechanism. However, whether this strategy of alternating between three-dimensional bulk diffusion and one-dimensional sliding along the DNA contour is still beneficial in the crowded interior of cells is highly disputed. Here we use a simple model for the bacterial genome inside the cell and present a semi-analytical model for the in vivo target search of transcription factors within the facilitated diffusion framework. Without having to resort to extensive simulations we determine the mean search time of a lac repressor in a living E. coli cell by including parameters deduced from experimental measurements. The results agree very well with experimental findings, and thus the facilitated diffusion picture emerges as a quantitative approach to gene regulation in living bacteria cells. Furthermore we see that the search time is not very sensitive to the parameters characterizing the DNA configuration and that the cell seems to operate very close to optimal conditions for target localization. Local searches as implied by the colocalization mechanism are only found to mildly accelerate the mean search time within our model.},
  language  = {en}
}