@article{EhrlichThygesenKiorboe2022, author = {Ehrlich, Elias and Thygesen, Uffe H{\o}gsbro and Ki{\o}rboe, Thomas}, title = {Evolution of toxins as a public good in phytoplankton}, series = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, volume = {289}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences}, number = {1977}, publisher = {Royal Society}, address = {London}, issn = {0962-8452}, doi = {10.1098/rspb.2022.0393}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Toxic phytoplankton blooms have increased in many waterbodies worldwide with well-known negative impacts on human health, fisheries and ecosystems. However, why and how phytoplankton evolved toxin production is still a puzzling question, given that the producer that pays the costs often shares the benefit with other competing algae and thus provides toxins as a 'public good' (e.g. damaging a common competitor or predator). Furthermore, blooming phytoplankton species often show a high intraspecific variation in toxicity and we lack an understanding of what drives the dynamics of coexisting toxic and non-toxic genotypes. Here, by using an individual-based two-dimensional model, we show that small-scale patchiness of phytoplankton strains caused by demography can explain toxin evolution in phytoplankton with low motility and the maintenance of genetic diversity within their blooms. This patchiness vanishes for phytoplankton with high diffusive motility, suggesting different evolutionary pathways for different phytoplankton groups. In conclusion, our study reveals that small-scale spatial heterogeneity, generated by cell division and counteracted by diffusive cell motility and turbulence, can crucially affect toxin evolution and eco-evolutionary dynamics in toxic phytoplankton species. This contributes to a better understanding of conditions favouring toxin production and the evolution of public goods in asexually reproducing organisms in general.}, language = {en} } @article{NeuharthBruneWronaetal.2022, author = {Neuharth, Derek and Brune, Sascha and Wrona, Thilo and Glerum, Anne and Braun, Jean and Yuan, Xiaoping}, title = {Evolution of rift systems and their fault networks in response to surface processes}, series = {Tectonics}, volume = {41}, journal = {Tectonics}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7407}, doi = {10.1029/2021TC007166}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Continental rifting is responsible for the generation of major sedimentary basins, both during rift inception and during the formation of rifted continental margins. Geophysical and field studies revealed that rifts feature complex networks of normal faults but the factors controlling fault network properties and their evolution are still matter of debate. Here, we employ high-resolution 2D geodynamic models (ASPECT) including two-way coupling to a surface processes (SP) code (FastScape) to conduct 12 models of major rift types that are exposed to various degrees of erosion and sedimentation. We further present a novel quantitative fault analysis toolbox (Fatbox), which allows us to isolate fault growth patterns, the number of faults, and their length and displacement throughout rift history. Our analysis reveals that rift fault networks may evolve through five major phases: (a) distributed deformation and coalescence, (b) fault system growth, (c) fault system decline and basinward localization, (d) rift migration, and (e) breakup. These phases can be correlated to distinct rifted margin domains. Models of asymmetric rifting suggest rift migration is facilitated through both ductile and brittle deformation within a weak exhumation channel that rotates subhorizontally and remains active at low angles. In sedimentation-starved settings, this channel satisfies the conditions for serpentinization. We find that SP are not only able to enhance strain localization and to increase fault longevity but that they also reduce the total length of the fault system, prolong rift phases and delay continental breakup.}, language = {en} } @article{ToumoulinTardifBecquetDonnadieuetal.2022, author = {Toumoulin, Agathe and Tardif-Becquet, Delphine and Donnadieu, Yannick and Licht, Alexis and Ladant, Jean-Baptiste and Kunzmann, Lutz and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume}, title = {Evolution of continental temperature seasonality from the Eocene greenhouse to the Oligocene icehouse}, series = {Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, volume = {18}, journal = {Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, number = {2}, publisher = {Copernicus}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1814-9324}, doi = {10.5194/cp-18-341-2022}, pages = {341 -- 362}, year = {2022}, abstract = {At the junction of greenhouse and icehouse climate states, the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) is a key moment in Cenozoic climate history. While it is associated with severe extinctions and biodiversity turnovers on land, the role of terrestrial climate evolution remains poorly resolved, especially the associated changes in seasonality. Some paleobotanical and geochemical continental records in parts of the Northern Hemisphere suggest the EOT is associated with a marked cooling in winter, leading to the development of more pronounced seasons (i.e., an increase in the mean annual range of temperature, MATR). However, the MATR increase has been barely studied by climate models and large uncertainties remain on its origin, geographical extent and impact. In order to better understand and describe temperature seasonality changes between the middle Eocene and the early Oligocene, we use the Earth system model IPSL-CM5A2 and a set of simulations reconstructing the EOT through three major climate forcings: pCO(2) decrease (1120, 840 and 560 ppm), the Antarctic ice-sheet (AIS) formation and the associated sea-level decrease. Our simulations suggest that pCO(2) lowering alone is not sufficient to explain the seasonality evolution described by the data through the EOT but rather that the combined effects of pCO(2) , AIS formation and increased continentality provide the best data-model agreement.pCO(2) decrease induces a zonal pattern with alternating increasing and decreasing seasonality bands particularly strong in the northern high latitudes (up to 8 degrees C MATR increase) due to sea-ice and surface albedo feedback. Conversely, the onset of the AIS is responsible for a more constant surface albedo yearly, which leads to a strong decrease in seasonality in the southern midlatitudes to high latitudes (> 40 degrees S). Finally, continental areas that emerged due to the sea-level lowering cause the largest increase in seasonality and explain most of the global heterogeneity in MATR changes (1MATR) patterns. The Delta MATR patterns we reconstruct are generally consistent with the variability of the EOT biotic crisis intensity across the Northern Hemisphere and provide insights on their underlying mechanisms.}, language = {en} } @article{SchifferleLobanov2022, author = {Schifferle, Lukas and Lobanov, Sergey S.}, title = {Evolution of chemical bonding and spin-pairing energy in ferropericlase across Its spin transition}, series = {ACS Earth and Space Chemistry}, volume = {6}, journal = {ACS Earth and Space Chemistry}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2472-3452}, doi = {10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00014}, pages = {788 -- 799}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The evolution of chemical bonding in ferropericlase, (Mg,Fe)O, with pressure may affect the physical and chemical properties of the Earth's lower mantle. Here, we report high-pressure optical absorption spectra of single-crystalline ferropericlase ((Mg0.87Fe0.13)O) up to 135 GPa. Combined with a re-evaluation of published partial fluorescence yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy data, we show that the covalency of the Fe-O bond increases with pressure, but the iron spin transition at 57-76.5 GPa reverses this trend. The qualitative crossover in chemical bonding suggests that the spin-pairing transition weakens the Fe-O bond in ferropericlase. We find, that the spin transition in ferropericlase is caused by both the increase of the ligand field-splitting energy and the decrease in the spin-pairing energy of high-spin Fe2+.}, language = {en} } @article{NiemeyerLorbeerMohretal.2022, author = {Niemeyer, Helen and Lorbeer, Noemi and Mohr, Jil and Baer, Ella and Knaevelsrud, Christine}, title = {Evidence-based individual psychotherapy for complex posttraumatic stress disorder and at-risk groups for complex traumatization}, series = {Journal of affective disorders : an official publication of the International Society for Affective Disorders, ISAD}, volume = {299}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders : an official publication of the International Society for Affective Disorders, ISAD}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0165-0327}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.056}, pages = {610 -- 619}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: The current meta-review of meta-analyses on psychotherapy research for complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) and samples at risk of complex traumatization has three aims: first, to provide an overview of efficacy of individual psychotherapies; second, to compare the quality of the meta-analyses; and third, to assess statistical power. Methods: The literature search was conducted until August 2020. Meta-analyses providing individual treatment effect estimates focusing on CPTSD or samples at risk of complex traumatization (i.e., victims of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), war or torture, refugees, and veterans with PTSD) were eligible for inclusion. The effect sizes were classified according to Cohen as small, medium, or large. The "A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews" (AMSTAR) was applied to assess the quality of the meta-analyses, and power was assessed post-hoc. Results: Twenty-four meta-analyses were suitable for inclusion. The efficacy of the interventions varied (g = -0.04 (CI -0.39; 0.48), controlled, to d = 2.73 (1.69; 3.76), uncontrolled). Overall, 16 effect estimates were large. On average, the quality of the meta-analyses was good (average AMSTAR total score 7.71 points (range 3-11). Considering quality assessments and power together, nine meta-analyses were evaluated as high quality. Limitations: No meta-analysis for CPTSD was eligible and the number of individuals with complex traumatization was not directly assessed in the at-risk groups. Conclusions: For at-risk groups for complex traumatization, on average, good-quality empirical evidence exists. Given the limited research on CPTSD, future studies are needed to further investigate the efficacy of interventions.}, language = {en} } @article{HermanussenScheffler2022, author = {Hermanussen, Michael and Scheffler, Christiane}, title = {Evidence of chronic undernutrition in late 19th century German infants of all social classes}, series = {Human biology and public health}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Human biology and public health}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2748-9957}, doi = {10.52905/hbph2022.2.42}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {125 years ago, European infants grew differently from modern infants. We show weight gains of 20 healthy children weighed longitudinally from birth to age 1 year, published by Camerer in 1882. The data illustrate the historically prevalent concepts of infant nutrition practiced by German civil servants, lawyers, merchants, university professors, physicians, foresters and farmers. Breastfeeding by the mother was not truly appreciated in those days; children were often breastfed by wet nurses or received bottled milk. Bottle feeding mainly used diluted cow's milk with some added carbohydrates, without evidence that appropriate amounts of oil, butter or other fatty components were added. French children from 1914 showed similar weight gain patterns suggesting similar feeding practices. The historical data suggest that energy deficient infant formula was fed regularly in the late 19th and early 20th century Europe, regardless of wealth and social class. The data question current concerns that temporarily feeding energy deficient infant formula may warrant serious anxieties regarding long-term cognitive, social and emotional behavioral development.}, language = {en} } @article{GiraudierVenturaBortBurgeretal.2022, author = {Giraudier, Manon and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Burger, Andreas M. and Claes, Nathalie and D'Agostini, Martina and Fischer, Rico and Franssen, Mathijs and Kaess, Michael and Koenig, Julian and Liepelt, Roman and Nieuwenhuis, Sander and Sommer, Aldo and Usichenko, Taras and Van Diest, Ilse and von Leupoldt, Andreas and Warren, Christopher Michael and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {Evidence for a modulating effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on salivary alpha-amylase as indirect noradrenergic marker: A pooled mega-analysis}, series = {Brain Stimulation}, volume = {15}, journal = {Brain Stimulation}, edition = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York, NY, USA}, issn = {1876-4754}, doi = {10.1016/j.brs.2022.09.009}, pages = {1378 -- 1388}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has received tremendous attention as a potential neuromodulator of cognitive and affective functions, which likely exerts its effects via activation of the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline (LC-NA) system. Reliable effects of taVNS on markers of LC-NA system activity, however, have not been demonstrated yet. Methods The aim of the present study was to overcome previous limitations by pooling raw data from a large sample of ten taVNS studies (371 healthy participants) that collected salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a potential marker of central NA release. Results While a meta-analytic approach using summary statistics did not yield any significant effects, linear mixed model analyses showed that afferent stimulation of the vagus nerve via taVNS increased sAA levels compared to sham stimulation (b = 0.16, SE = 0.05, p = 0.001). When considering potential confounders of sAA, we further replicated previous findings on the diurnal trajectory of sAA activity. Conclusion(s) Vagal activation via taVNS increases sAA release compared to sham stimulation, which likely substantiates the assumption that taVNS triggers NA release. Moreover, our results highlight the benefits of data pooling and data sharing in order to allow stronger conclusions in research.}, language = {en} } @article{MacdonaldMerzGuseetal.2022, author = {Macdonald, Elena and Merz, Bruno and Guse, Bj{\"o}rn and Wietzke, Luzie and Ullrich, Sophie and Kemter, Matthias and Ahrens, Bodo and Vorogushyn, Sergiy}, title = {Event and catchment controls of heavy tail behavior of floods}, series = {Water resources research}, volume = {58}, journal = {Water resources research}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0043-1397}, doi = {10.1029/2021WR031260}, pages = {25}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In some catchments, the distribution of annual maximum streamflow shows heavy tail behavior, meaning the occurrence probability of extreme events is higher than if the upper tail decayed exponentially. Neglecting heavy tail behavior can lead to an underestimation of the likelihood of extreme floods and the associated risk. Partly contradictory results regarding the controls of heavy tail behavior exist in the literature and the knowledge is still very dispersed and limited. To better understand the drivers, we analyze the upper tail behavior and its controls for 480 catchments in Germany and Austria over a period of more than 50 years. The catchments span from quickly reacting mountain catchments to large lowland catchments, allowing for general conclusions. We compile a wide range of event and catchment characteristics and investigate their association with an indicator of the tail heaviness of flood distributions, namely the shape parameter of the GEV distribution. Following univariate analyses of these characteristics, along with an evaluation of different aggregations of event characteristics, multiple linear regression models, as well as random forests, are constructed. A novel slope indicator, which represents the relation between the return period of flood peaks and event characteristics, captures the controls of heavy tails best. Variables describing the catchment response are found to dominate the heavy tail behavior, followed by event precipitation, flood seasonality, and catchment size. The pre-event moisture state in a catchment has no relevant impact on the tail heaviness even though it does influence flood magnitudes.}, language = {en} } @article{YadavSenMaoetal.2022, author = {Yadav, Anshul and Sen, Sumit and Mao, Luca and Schwanghart, Wolfgang}, title = {Evaluation of flow resistance equations for high gradient rivers using geometric standard deviation of bed material}, series = {Journal of hydrology}, volume = {605}, journal = {Journal of hydrology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0022-1694}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127292}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A dataset of 2184 field measurements reported in the literature was used to evaluate the predictive capability of eight conventional flow resistance equations to predict the mean flow velocity in gravel-bed rivers. The results reveal considerable disagreement with the observed flow velocities for relative submergence less than 4 and for the non-uniformity of the bed material greater than 7.5 for all the equations. However, the predictions made using the Smart and Jaggi (1983), Ferguson (2007), and Rickenmann and Recking (2011) equations were closer to the observed values. Furthermore, bedload sediment transport also reduces the predictive capability of the equations considered in this study except for the Recking et al. (2008) equation, which was developed consid- ering active bedload transport. The performance of flow resistance equations improves when corrected by considering the geometric standard deviation of the bed material. Here we present an empirical approach using the whole dataset and its subsets for accounting for the additional energy losses occurring due to the wake vortices, spill losses, and free surface instabilities occurring due to the protrusions from the bed. The results obtained using the validation dataset shows the importance and usefulness of this approach to account for the additional energy losses, especially for the Strickler (1923) and Keulegan (1938) equations.}, language = {en} } @article{WeineltStegemannTheloeetal.2022, author = {Weinelt, Ferdinand Anton and Stegemann, Miriam Songa and Theloe, Anja and Pf{\"a}fflin, Frieder and Achterberg, Stephan and Weber, Franz and D{\"u}bel, Lucas and Mikolajewska, Agata and Uhrig, Alexander and Kiessling, Peggy and Huisinga, Wilhelm and Michelet, Robin and Hennig, Stefanie and Kloft, Charlotte}, title = {Evaluation of a meropenem and piperacillin monitoring program in intensive care unit patients calls for the regular assessment of empirical targets and easy-to-use dosing decision tools}, series = {Antibiotics : open access journal}, volume = {11}, journal = {Antibiotics : open access journal}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2079-6382}, doi = {10.3390/antibiotics11060758}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The drug concentrations targeted in meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam therapy also depend on the susceptibility of the pathogen. Yet, the pathogen is often unknown, and antibiotic therapy is guided by empirical targets. To reliably achieve the targeted concentrations, dosing needs to be adjusted for renal function. We aimed to evaluate a meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam monitoring program in intensive care unit (ICU) patients by assessing (i) the adequacy of locally selected empirical targets, (ii) if dosing is adequately adjusted for renal function and individual target, and (iii) if dosing is adjusted in target attainment (TA) failure. In a prospective, observational clinical trial of drug concentrations, relevant patient characteristics and microbiological data (pathogen, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)) for patients receiving meropenem or piperacillin/tazobactam treatment were collected. If the MIC value was available, a target range of 1-5 x MIC was selected for minimum drug concentrations of both drugs. If the MIC value was not available, 8-40 mg/L and 16-80 mg/L were selected as empirical target ranges for meropenem and piperacillin, respectively. A total of 356 meropenem and 216 piperacillin samples were collected from 108 and 96 ICU patients, respectively. The vast majority of observed MIC values was lower than the empirical target (meropenem: 90.0\%, piperacillin: 93.9\%), suggesting empirical target value reductions. TA was found to be low (meropenem: 35.7\%, piperacillin 50.5\%) with the lowest TA for severely impaired renal function (meropenem: 13.9\%, piperacillin: 29.2\%), and observed drug concentrations did not significantly differ between patients with different targets, indicating dosing was not adequately adjusted for renal function or target. Dosing adjustments were rare for both drugs (meropenem: 6.13\%, piperacillin: 4.78\%) and for meropenem irrespective of TA, revealing that concentration monitoring alone was insufficient to guide dosing adjustment. Empirical targets should regularly be assessed and adjusted based on local susceptibility data. To improve TA, scientific knowledge should be translated into easy-to-use dosing strategies guiding antibiotic dosing.}, language = {en} } @article{KunyuJuangMorenoHerrera2022, author = {Kunyu, David Khisoni and Juang, Linda P. and Moreno Herrera, L{\´a}zaro}, title = {Evaluating the implementation quality of a vocational education intervention for youth in Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya}, series = {Frontiers in human dynamics}, volume = {4}, journal = {Frontiers in human dynamics}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2673-2726}, doi = {10.3389/fhumd.2022.898081}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Refugee youth in protracted humanitarian contexts are faced with limited access to quality education. They may sustain traumatic experiences from conflicts and discrimination yet have limited psychosocial support access. Comprehending the magnitude and effects of these challenges is vital for designing and executing educational interventions in such contexts. This study evaluates the implementation quality of the Youth Education Pack intervention through the lens of the Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies minimum standards framework. It explores the types of discrimination experienced by refugee youth in the Dadaab refugee camp in Kenya. Nine participants comprising refugee students (N = 2), former refugee students (N = 2), teachers (N = 3), and project supervisors (N = 2) participated in the study. The first author conducted interviews and observations in the camp. The data were qualitatively coded deductively and analysed in Nvivo 12. We found that the YEP intervention faced contextual challenges that hindered the achievement of the implementation quality standards outlined in the INEE minimum standards for education. Refugee youth and refugee teachers experienced various forms of discrimination, including at individual, institutional, and structural levels. We conclude that providing refugee youth with an inclusive and high-quality education is central to providing secure and long-term solutions to their challenges and adversities and may promote their psychosocial wellbeing.}, language = {en} } @article{KiangSteinJuang2022, author = {Kiang, Lisa and Stein, Gabriela L. and Juang, Linda P.}, title = {Ethnic and racial identity of immigrants and effects on mental health}, series = {Current Opinion in Psychology}, volume = {47}, journal = {Current Opinion in Psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-250X}, doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101424}, pages = {6}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Robust research continues to broaden and deepen the field's understanding of immigrants' ethnic-racial identity and mental health. We highlight opportunities to pioneer the literature by questioning "who" is meant by immigrant (clearly defining generational status, going beyond covariate and difference -based approaches, focusing on immigrants from under-studied ethnic-racial backgrounds), "what" is meant by iden-tity (ethnic/heritage/native, conjoined with multiple identities such as national, regional, politicized), "where" experiences are taking place (globalization, differences in how immigrants are defined and viewed across contexts), and the "why" or importance of continuing this work (identity as resilience against mental health risks). Targeting under-researched in-tersections among the "who-what-where-why" can build knowledge and insight for researchers and practitioners who work with immigrant families, and perhaps for immigrants themselves.}, language = {en} } @article{WetzelKochPreiseretal.2022, author = {Wetzel, Anna-Jasmin and Koch, Roland and Preiser, Christine and M{\"u}ller, Regina and Klemmt, Malte and Ranisch, Robert and Ehni, Hans-J{\"o}rg and Wiesing, Urban and Rieger, Monika A. and Henking, Tanja and Joos, Stefanie}, title = {Ethical, legal, and social implications of symptom checker Apps in primary Health Care (CHECK.APP)}, series = {JMIR Research Protocols}, volume = {11}, journal = {JMIR Research Protocols}, number = {5}, publisher = {JMIR Research Protocols}, address = {Toronto}, issn = {1929-0748}, doi = {10.2196/34026}, pages = {11}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Symptom checker apps (SCAs) are accessible tools that provide early symptom assessment for users. The ethical, legal, and social implications of SCAs and their impact on the patient-physician relationship, the health care providers, and the health care system have sparsely been examined. This study protocol describes an approach to investigate the possible impacts and implications of SCAs on different levels of health care provision. It considers the perspectives of the users, nonusers, general practitioners (GPs), and health care experts. Objective: We aim to assess a comprehensive overview of the use of SCAs and address problematic issues, if any. The primary outcomes of this study are empirically informed multi-perspective recommendations for different stakeholders on the ethical, legal, and social implications of SCAs. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods will be used in several overlapping and interconnected study phases. In study phase 1, a comprehensive literature review will be conducted to assess the ethical, legal, social, and systemic impacts of SCAs. Study phase 2 comprises a survey that will be analyzed with a logistic regression. It aims to assess the user degree of SCAs in Germany as well as the predictors for SCA usage. Study phase 3 will investigate self-observational diaries and user interviews, which will be analyzed as integrated cases to assess user perspectives, usage pattern, and arising problems. Study phase 4 will comprise GP interviews to assess their experiences, perspectives, self-image, and concepts and will be analyzed with the basic procedure by Kruse. Moreover, interviews with health care experts will be conducted in study phase 3 and will be analyzed by using the reflexive thematical analysis approach of Braun and Clark. Results: Study phase 1 will be completed in November 2021. We expect the results of study phase 2 in December 2021 and February 2022. In study phase 3, interviews are currently being conducted. The final study endpoint will be in February 2023. Conclusions: The possible ethical, legal, social, and systemic impacts of a widespread use of SCAs that affect stakeholders and stakeholder groups on different levels of health care will be identified. The proposed methodological approach provides a multifaceted and diverse empirical basis for a broad discussion on these implications.}, language = {en} } @article{PaapeVasishth2022, author = {Paape, Dario and Vasishth, Shravan}, title = {Estimating the true cost of garden pathing:}, series = {Cognitive science}, volume = {46}, journal = {Cognitive science}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden, Mass.}, issn = {0364-0213}, doi = {10.1111/cogs.13186}, pages = {23}, year = {2022}, abstract = {What is the processing cost of being garden-pathed by a temporary syntactic ambiguity? We argue that comparing average reading times in garden-path versus non-garden-path sentences is not enough to answer this question. Trial-level contaminants such as inattention, the fact that garden pathing may occur non-deterministically in the ambiguous condition, and "triage" (rejecting the sentence without reanalysis; Fodor \& Inoue, 2000) lead to systematic underestimates of the true cost of garden pathing. Furthermore, the "pure" garden-path effect due to encountering an unexpected word needs to be separated from the additional cost of syntactic reanalysis. To get more realistic estimates for the individual processing costs of garden pathing and syntactic reanalysis, we implement a novel computational model that includes trial-level contaminants as probabilistically occurring latent cognitive processes. The model shows a good predictive fit to existing reading time and judgment data. Furthermore, the latent-process approach captures differences between noun phrase/zero complement (NP/Z) garden-path sentences and semantically biased reduced relative clause (RRC) garden-path sentences: The NP/Z garden path occurs nearly deterministically but can be mostly eliminated by adding a comma. By contrast, the RRC garden path occurs with a lower probability, but disambiguation via semantic plausibility is not always effective.}, language = {en} } @article{GhafarianWielandNendel2022, author = {Ghafarian, Fatemeh and Wieland, Ralf and Nendel, Claas}, title = {Estimating the Evaporative Cooling Effect of Irrigation within and above Soybean Canopy}, series = {Water}, volume = {14}, journal = {Water}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w14030319}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Vegetation with an adequate supply of water might contribute to cooling the land surface around it through the latent heat flux of transpiration. This study investigates the potential estimation of evaporative cooling at plot scale, using soybean as example. Some of the plants' physiological parameters were monitored and sampled at weekly intervals. A physics-based model was then applied to estimate the irrigation-induced cooling effect within and above the canopy during the middle and late season of the soybean growth period. We then examined the results of the temperature changes at a temporal resolution of ten minutes between every two irrigation rounds. During the middle and late season of growth, the cooling effects caused by evapotranspiration within and above the canopy were, on average, 4.4 K and 2.9 K, respectively. We used quality indicators such as R-squared (R-2) and mean absolute error (MAE) to evaluate the performance of the model simulation. The performance of the model in this study was better above the canopy (R-2 = 0.98, MAE = 0.3 K) than below (R-2 = 0.87, MAE = 0.9 K) due to the predefined thermodynamic condition used to estimate evaporative cooling. Moreover, the study revealed that canopy cooling contributes to mitigating heat stress conditions during the middle and late seasons of crop growth.}, language = {en} } @article{WangEnsslePietzneretal.2022, author = {Wang, Chaoxuan and Enssle, J{\"o}rg and Pietzner, Anne and Schm{\"o}cker, Christoph and Weiland, Linda and Ritter, Oliver and Jaensch, Monique and Elbelt, Ulf and Pagonas, Nikolaos and Weylandt, Karsten-Henrich}, title = {Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood from patients with and without catheter-proven coronary artery disease}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {23}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, number = {2}, publisher = {Molecular Diversity Preservation International}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms23020766}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Statins reduce morbidity and mortality of CAD. Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with CAD. Previous data indicate that a higher conversion of precursor fatty acids (FAs) to arachidonic acid (AA) is associated with increased CAD prevalence. Our study explored the FA composition in blood to assess n-3 PUFA levels from patients with and without CAD. We analyzed blood samples from 273 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Patients were stratified according to clinically relevant CAD (n = 192) and those without (n = 81). FA analysis in full blood was performed by gas chromatography. Indicating increased formation of AA from precursors, the ratio of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) to AA, the delta-5 desaturase index (D5D index) was higher in CAD patients. CAD patients had significantly lower levels of omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (n-6 PUFA) and n-3 PUFA, particularly EPA, in the blood. Thus, our study supports a role of increased EPA levels for cardioprotection.}, language = {en} } @article{SudibyoEiblHainzletal.2022, author = {Sudibyo, Maria R. P. and Eibl, Eva P. S. and Hainzl, Sebastian and Hersir, Gylfi P{\´a}ll}, title = {Eruption Forecasting of Strokkur Geyser, Iceland, Using Permutation Entropy}, series = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, volume = {127}, journal = {Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Geophysical Union}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2169-9313}, doi = {10.1029/2022JB024840}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {A volcanic eruption is usually preceded by seismic precursors, but their interpretation and use for forecasting the eruption onset time remain a challenge. A part of the eruptive processes in open conduits of volcanoes may be similar to those encountered in geysers. Since geysers erupt more often, they are useful sites for testing new forecasting methods. We tested the application of Permutation Entropy (PE) as a robust method to assess the complexity in seismic recordings of the Strokkur geyser, Iceland. Strokkur features several minute-long eruptive cycles, enabling us to verify in 63 recorded cycles whether PE behaves consistently from one eruption to the next one. We performed synthetic tests to understand the effect of different parameter settings in the PE calculation. Our application to Strokkur shows a distinct, repeating PE pattern consistent with previously identified phases in the eruptive cycle. We find a systematic increase in PE within the last 15 s before the eruption, indicating that an eruption will occur. We quantified the predictive power of PE, showing that PE performs better than seismic signal strength or quiescence when it comes to forecasting eruptions.}, language = {en} } @article{ConradUllrichSchmidtkeetal.2022, author = {Conrad, Markus and Ullrich, Susann and Schmidtke, David S. and Kotz, Sonja A.}, title = {ERPs reveal an iconic relation between sublexical phonology and affective meaning}, series = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, volume = {226}, journal = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0010-0277}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105182}, pages = {8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Classical linguistic theory assumes that formal aspects, like sound, are not internally related to the meaning of words. However, recent research suggests language might code affective meaning such as threat and alert sublexically. Positing affective phonological iconicity as a systematic organization principle of the German lexicon, we calculated sublexical affective values for sub-syllabic phonological word segments from a large-scale affective lexical German database by averaging valence and arousal ratings of all words any phonological segment appears in. We tested word stimuli with either consistent or inconsistent mappings between lexical affective meaning and sublexical affective values (negative-valence/high-arousal vs. neutral-valence/lowarousal) in an EEG visual-lexical-decision task. A mismatch between sublexical and lexical affective values elicited an increased N400 response. These results reveal that systematic affective phonological iconicity - extracted from the lexicon - impacts the extraction of lexical word meaning during reading.}, language = {en} } @article{FujiharaZhangJacksonetal.2022, author = {Fujihara, Kenji M. and Zhang, Bonnie Z. and Jackson, Thomas D. and Ogunkola, Moses and Nijagal, Brunda and Milne, Julia V. and Sallman, David A. and Ang, Ching-Seng and Nikolic, Iva and Kearney, Conor J. and Hogg, Simon J. and Cabalag, Carlos S. and Sutton, Vivien R. and Watt, Sally and Fujihara, Asuka T. and Trapani, Joseph A. and Simpson, Kaylene J. and Stojanovski, Diana and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Haupt, Sue and Phillips, Wayne A. and Clemons, Nicholas J.}, title = {Eprenetapopt triggers ferroptosis, inhibits NFS1 cysteine desulfurase, and synergizes with serine and glycine dietary restriction}, series = {Science Advances}, volume = {8}, journal = {Science Advances}, number = {37}, publisher = {American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2375-2548}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abm9427}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The mechanism of action of eprenetapopt (APR-246, PRIMA-1MET) as an anticancer agent remains unresolved, al-though the clinical development of eprenetapopt focuses on its reported mechanism of action as a mutant-p53 reactivator. Using unbiased approaches, this study demonstrates that eprenetapopt depletes cellular antioxidant glutathione levels by increasing its turnover, triggering a nonapoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death known as ferroptosis. Deficiency in genes responsible for supplying cancer cells with the substrates for de novo glutathione synthesis (SLC7A11, SHMT2, and MTHFD1L), as well as the enzymes required to synthesize glutathione (GCLC and GCLM), augments the activity of eprenetapopt. Eprenetapopt also inhibits iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis by limit-ing the cysteine desulfurase activity of NFS1, which potentiates ferroptosis and may restrict cellular proliferation. The combination of eprenetapopt with dietary serine and glycine restriction synergizes to inhibit esophageal xenograft tumor growth. These findings reframe the canonical view of eprenetapopt from a mutant-p53 reactivator to a ferroptosis inducer.}, language = {en} } @article{GomezZapataPittoreCottonetal.2022, author = {Gomez-Zapata, Juan Camilo and Pittore, Massimiliano and Cotton, Fabrice and Lilienkamp, Henning and Shinde, Simantini and Aguirre, Paula and Santa Maria, Hernan}, title = {Epistemic uncertainty of probabilistic building exposure compositions in scenario-based earthquake loss models}, series = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, volume = {20}, journal = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1570-761X}, doi = {10.1007/s10518-021-01312-9}, pages = {2401 -- 2438}, year = {2022}, abstract = {In seismic risk assessment, the sources of uncertainty associated with building exposure modelling have not received as much attention as other components related to hazard and vulnerability. Conventional practices such as assuming absolute portfolio compositions (i.e., proportions per building class) from expert-based assumptions over aggregated data crudely disregard the contribution of uncertainty of the exposure upon earthquake loss models. In this work, we introduce the concept that the degree of knowledge of a building stock can be described within a Bayesian probabilistic approach that integrates both expert-based prior distributions and data collection on individual buildings. We investigate the impact of the epistemic uncertainty in the portfolio composition on scenario-based earthquake loss models through an exposure-oriented logic tree arrangement based on synthetic building portfolios. For illustrative purposes, we consider the residential building stock of Valparaiso (Chile) subjected to seismic ground-shaking from one subduction earthquake. We have found that building class reconnaissance, either from prior assumptions by desktop studies with aggregated data (top-down approach), or from building-by-building data collection (bottom-up approach), plays a fundamental role in the statistical modelling of exposure. To model the vulnerability of such a heterogeneous building stock, we require that their associated set of structural fragility functions handle multiple spectral periods. Thereby, we also discuss the relevance and specific uncertainty upon generating either uncorrelated or spatially cross-correlated ground motion fields within this framework. We successively show how various epistemic uncertainties embedded within these probabilistic exposure models are differently propagated throughout the computed direct financial losses. This work calls for further efforts to redesign desktop exposure studies, while also highlighting the importance of exposure data collection with standardized and iterative approaches.}, language = {en} }