@article{RodriguezVillagraGoetheOberaueretal.2013,
author = {Rodriguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio and G{\"o}the, Katrin and Oberauer, Klaus and Kliegl, Reinhold},
title = {Working memory capacity in a go/no-go task - age differences in interference, processing speed, and attentional control},
series = {Developmental psychology},
volume = {49},
journal = {Developmental psychology},
number = {9},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {0012-1649},
doi = {10.1037/a0030883},
pages = {1683 -- 1696},
year = {2013},
abstract = {We tested the limits of working-memory capacity (WMC) of young adults, old adults, and children with a memory-updating task. The task consisted of mentally shifting spatial positions within a grid according to arrows, their color signaling either only go (control) or go/no-go conditions. The interference model (IM) of Oberauer and Kliegl (2006) was simultaneously fitted to the data of all groups. In addition to the 3 main model parameters (feature overlap, noise, and processing rate), we estimated the time for switching between go and no-go steps as a new model parameter. In this study, we examined the IM parameters across the life span. The IM parameter estimates show that (a) conditions were not different in interference by feature overlap and interference by confusion; (b) switching costs time; (c) young adults and children were less susceptible than old adults to interference due to feature overlap; (d) noise was highest for children, followed by old and young adults; (e) old adults differed from children and young adults in lower processing rate; and (f) children and old adults had a larger switch cost between go steps and no-go steps. Thus, the results of this study indicated that across age, the IM parameters contribute distinctively for explaining the limits of WMC.},
language = {en}
}
@article{OberauerWeidenfeldHoernig2006,
author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Weidenfeld, Andrea and H{\"o}rnig, Robin},
title = {Working memory capacity and the construction of spatial mental models in comprehension and deductive reasoning},
doi = {10.1080/17470210500151717},
year = {2006},
abstract = {We asked 149 high-school students who were pretested for their working memory capacity (WMC) to read spatial descriptions relating to five objects and to evaluate conclusions asserting an unmentioned relationship between two of the objects. Unambiguous descriptions were compatible with a single spatial arrangement, whereas ambiguous descriptions permitted two arrangements; a subset of the ambiguous descriptions still determined the relation asserted in the conclusion, whereas another subset did not. Two groups of participants received different instructions: The deduction group should accept conclusions only if they followed with logical necessity from the description, whereas the comprehension group should accept a conclusion if it agreed with their representation of the arrangement. Self-paced reading times increased on sentences that introduced an ambiguity, replicating previous findings in deductive reasoning experiments. This effect was also found in the comprehension group, casting doubt on the interpretation that people consider multiple possible arrangements online. Responses to conclusions could be modelled by a multinomial processing model with four parameters: the probability of constructing a correct mental model, the probability of detecting an ambiguity, and two guessing parameters. Participants with high and with low WMC differed mainly in the probability of successfully constructing a mental model},
language = {en}
}
@article{SoemerSchiefele2020,
author = {Soemer, Alexander and Schiefele, Ulrich},
title = {Working memory capacity and (in)voluntary mind wandering},
series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
volume = {27},
journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
number = {4},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {1069-9384},
doi = {10.3758/s13423-020-01737-4},
pages = {758 -- 767},
year = {2020},
abstract = {According to influential accounts of mind wandering (MW), working memory capacity (WMC) plays a key role in controlling the amount of off-task thought during the execution of a demanding task. Whereas WMC has primarily been associated with reduced levels of involuntarily occurring MW episodes in prior research, here we demonstrate for the first time that high-WMC individuals exhibit lower levels of voluntary MW. One hundred and eighty participants carried out a demanding reading task and reported their attentional state in response to random thought probes. In addition, participants' WMC was measured with two common complex span tasks (operation span and symmetry span). As a result, WMC was negatively related to both voluntary and involuntary MW, and the two forms of MW partially mediated the positive effect of WMC on reading performance. Furthermore, the negative relation between voluntary WM and reading remained significant after controlling for interest. Thus, in contrast to prior research suggesting that voluntary MW might be more closely related to motivation rather than WMC, the present results demonstrate that high-WMC individuals tend to limit both involuntary and voluntary MW more strictly than low-WMC individuals.},
language = {en}
}
@article{OberauerSuessSchulzeetal.2000,
author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Suess, Heinz-Martin and Schulze, Ralf and Wilhelm, Otto and Wittmann, W. W.},
title = {Working memory capacity - facets of a cognitive ability construct},
year = {2000},
language = {en}
}
@article{MartonEichornCampanellietal.2016,
author = {Marton, Klara and Eichorn, Naomi and Campanelli, Luca and Zakarias, Lilla},
title = {Working Memory and Interference Control in Children with Specific Language Impairment},
series = {Language and linguistics compass},
volume = {10},
journal = {Language and linguistics compass},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {1749-818X},
doi = {10.1111/lnc3.12189},
pages = {211 -- 224},
year = {2016},
abstract = {Language and communication disorders are often associated with deficits in working memory (WM) and interference control. WM studies involving children with specific language impairment (SLI) have traditionally been framed using either resource theories or decay accounts, particularly Baddeley's model. Although significant interference problems in children with SLI are apparent in error analysis data from WM and language tasks, interference theories and paradigms have not been widely used in the SLI literature. A primary goal of the present paper is to provide an overview of interference deficits in children with SLI. Review of the extant literature on interference control shows deficits in this population; however, the source and the nature of the deficit remain unclear. Thus, a second key aim in our review is to demonstrate the need for theoretically driven experimental paradigms in order to better understand individual variations associated with interference weaknesses in children with SLI.},
language = {en}
}
@article{OberauerSuess2000,
author = {Oberauer, Klaus and S{\"u}ß, Heinz-Martin},
title = {Working memory and interference : a comment on Jenkins, Myerson, Hale, and Fry (1999)},
year = {2000},
language = {en}
}
@article{OberauerSchulzeWilhelmetal.2005,
author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Schulze, Ralf and Wilhelm, Oliver and S{\"u}ss, Heinz-Martin},
title = {Working memory and intelligence : their correlation and their relation ; Comment on Ackerman, Beier, and Boyle (2005)},
issn = {0033-2909},
year = {2005},
abstract = {On the basis of a mete-analysis of pairwise correlations between working memory tasks and cognitive ability measures, P. L. Ackerman. M. E. Beier, and M. O. Boyle (2005) claimed that working memory capacity (WMC) shares less than 25\% of its variance with general intelligence (,;) and with reasoning ability. In this comment, the authors argue that this is an underestimation because of several methodological shortcomings and biases. A reanalysis of the data reported in Ackerman et al. using the correct statistical procedures demonstrates that g and WMC are very highly correlated. On a conceptual level. the authors point out that WMC should be regarded as an explanatory construct for intellectual abilities. Theories of working memory do not claim that WMC is isomorphic with intelligence factors but that it is a very strong predictor of reasoning ability and also predicts general fluid intelligence and g.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ErbilRoggeŞenetal.2013,
author = {Erbil, Fethiye and Rogge, Lisa and Şen, Nazile and Siwick, Markus},
title = {Working in a multicultural group},
series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
journal = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis},
number = {3},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
address = {Potsdam},
issn = {2194-1599},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65973},
pages = {75 -- 81},
year = {2013},
abstract = {1. Motivation 2. Requirements 3. Positive sides of multicultural group work 4. Difficulties while Working in a Multicultural Group 5. Overall Judgement of the Project 6. Long-term Effects},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchadNicenboimBuerkneretal.2022,
author = {Schad, Daniel and Nicenboim, Bruno and B{\"u}rkner, Paul-Christian and Betancourt, Michael and Vasishth, Shravan},
title = {Workflow techniques for the robust use of bayes factors},
series = {Psychological methods},
volume = {28},
journal = {Psychological methods},
number = {6},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {1082-989X},
doi = {10.1037/met0000472},
pages = {1404 -- 1426},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Inferences about hypotheses are ubiquitous in the cognitive sciences. Bayes factors provide one general way to compare different hypotheses by their compatibility with the observed data. Those quantifications can then also be used to choose between hypotheses. While Bayes factors provide an immediate approach to hypothesis testing, they are highly sensitive to details of the data/model assumptions and it's unclear whether the details of the computational implementation (such as bridge sampling) are unbiased for complex analyses. Hem, we study how Bayes factors misbehave under different conditions. This includes a study of errors in the estimation of Bayes factors; the first-ever use of simulation-based calibration to test the accuracy and bias of Bayes factor estimates using bridge sampling; a study of the stability of Bayes factors against different MCMC draws and sampling variation in the data; and a look at the variability of decisions based on Bayes factors using a utility function. We outline a Bayes factor workflow that researchers can use to study whether Bayes factors are robust for their individual analysis. Reproducible code is available from haps://osf.io/y354c/.
Translational Abstract
In psychology and related areas, scientific hypotheses are commonly tested by asking questions like "is [some] effect present or absent." Such hypothesis testing is most often carried out using frequentist null hypothesis significance testing (NIIST). The NHST procedure is very simple: It usually returns a p-value, which is then used to make binary decisions like "the effect is present/abscnt." For example, it is common to see studies in the media that draw simplistic conclusions like "coffee causes cancer," or "coffee reduces the chances of geuing cancer." However, a powerful and more nuanced alternative approach exists: Bayes factors. Bayes factors have many advantages over NHST. However, for the complex statistical models that arc commonly used for data analysis today, computing Bayes factors is not at all a simple matter. In this article, we discuss the main complexities associated with computing Bayes factors. This is the first article to provide a detailed workflow for understanding and computing Bayes factors in complex statistical models. The article provides a statistically more nuanced way to think about hypothesis testing than the overly simplistic tendency to declare effects as being "present" or "absent".},
language = {en}
}
@article{Schulze2014,
author = {Schulze, Gunnar},
title = {Workflow for rapid metagenome analysis},
series = {Process design for natural scientists: an agile model-driven approach},
journal = {Process design for natural scientists: an agile model-driven approach},
number = {500},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Berlin},
isbn = {978-3-662-45005-5},
issn = {1865-0929},
pages = {88 -- 100},
year = {2014},
abstract = {Analyses of metagenomes in life sciences present new opportunities as well as challenges to the scientific community and call for advanced computational methods and workflows. The large amount of data collected from samples via next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies render manual approaches to sequence comparison and annotation unsuitable. Rather, fast and efficient computational pipelines are needed to provide comprehensive statistics and summaries and enable the researcher to choose appropriate tools for more specific analyses. The workflow presented here builds upon previous pipelines designed for automated clustering and annotation of raw sequence reads obtained from next-generation sequencing technologies such as 454 and Illumina. Employing specialized algorithms, the sequence reads are processed at three different levels. First, raw reads are clustered at high similarity cutoff to yield clusters which can be exported as multifasta files for further analyses. Independently, open reading frames (ORFs) are predicted from raw reads and clustered at two strictness levels to yield sets of non-redundant sequences and ORF families. Furthermore, single ORFs are annotated by performing searches against the Pfam database},
language = {en}
}
@article{Klessmann2001,
author = {Kleßmann, Christoph},
title = {Workers in the workers' state : German traditions, the Soviet model and the magnetic attraction of West Germany},
isbn = {1-85973-511-8},
year = {2001},
language = {en}
}
@article{VoltmerSpahnSchaarschmidtetal.2011,
author = {Voltmer, Edgar and Spahn, Claudia and Schaarschmidt, Uwe and Kieschke, Ulf},
title = {Work-related behavior and experience patterns of entrepreneurs compared to teachers and physicians},
series = {International archives of occupational and environmental health},
volume = {84},
journal = {International archives of occupational and environmental health},
number = {5},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {0340-0131},
doi = {10.1007/s00420-011-0632-9},
pages = {479 -- 490},
year = {2011},
abstract = {Purpose This study examined the status of health-related behavior and experience patterns of entrepreneurs in comparison with teachers and physicians to identify specific health risks and resources. Methods Entrepreneurs (n = 632), teachers (n = 5,196), and physicians (n = 549) were surveyed in a cross-sectional design. The questionnaire Work-related Behavior and Experience Patterns (AVEM) was used for all professions and, in addition, two scales (health prevention and self-confidence) from the Checklist for Entrepreneurs in the sample of entrepreneurs. Results The largest proportion of the entrepreneurs (45\%) presented with a healthy pattern (compared with 18.4\% teachers and 18.3\% physicians). Thirty-eight percent of entrepreneurs showed a risk pattern of overexertion and stress, followed by teachers (28.9\%) and physicians (20.6\%). Unambitious or burnout patterns were seen in only 9.3/8.2\% of entrepreneurs, respectively, and 25.3/27.3\% of teachers, and 39.6/21.5\% of physicians. While the distribution of patterns in teachers and physicians differed significantly between genders, a gender difference was not found among entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs with the risk pattern of overexertion scored significantly (P < 0.01) lower in self-confidence and health care than those with the healthy pattern. Conclusions The development of a successful enterprise depends, in part, on the health of the entrepreneur. The large proportion of entrepreneurs with the healthy pattern irrespective of gender may support the notion that self-selection effects of healthy individuals in this special career might be important. At the same time, a large proportion was at risk for overexertion and might benefit from measures to cope with professional demands and stress and promote a healthy behavior pattern.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Muschalla2017,
author = {Muschalla, Beate},
title = {Work-anxiety-coping intervention improves work-coping perception while a recreational intervention leads to deterioration},
series = {European journal of work and organizational psychology : the official journal of The European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology},
volume = {26},
journal = {European journal of work and organizational psychology : the official journal of The European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology},
number = {6},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {1359-432X},
doi = {10.1080/1359432X.2017.1384378},
pages = {858 -- 869},
year = {2017},
abstract = {Work-anxieties are costly and need early intervention. The perception of being able to cope with work is a basic requirement for work ability. This randomized controlled trial investigates whether a cognitive behavioural, work-anxiety-coping group (WAG) intervention leads to better work-coping perception than an unspecific recreational group (RG). Heterogeneous people in medical rehabilitation, who were due to return to work, were interviewed concerning their work-anxieties, and either randomly assigned to a WAG (n=85) or a RG (n=95). The participants (with an average of 50years old [range 23-64]; 51\% women; 70\% workers or employees, 25\% academics, 5\% unskilled) followed the group intervention for four or six sessions. The perceived work-coping was assessed by self-rating (Inventory for Job-Coping and Return Intention JoCoRi) after each group session. Although participants had a slight temporary decrease in work-coping after group session two (from M-1=2.47 to M-2=2.28, d(Cohen)=-.22), the WAG led to the improvement of perceived work-coping over the intervention course (from M-1=2.47 to M-6=2.65, d(Cohen)=.18). In contrast, participants from the RG reported lower work-coping after six group sessions (from M-1=2.26 to M-6=2.02, d(Cohen)=-.18). It is considered that people with work-anxieties need training in work-coping. By focusing on recreation only, this may lead to deterioration of work-coping. Indeed, intervention designers should be aware of temporary deterioration (side effects) when confronting participants with work-coping.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MuschallaLindenJoebges2016,
author = {Muschalla, Beate and Linden, Michael and Joebges, Michael},
title = {Work-Anxiety and Sickness Absence After a Short Inpatient Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention in Comparison to a Recreational Group Meeting},
series = {Journal of occupational and environmental medicine},
volume = {58},
journal = {Journal of occupational and environmental medicine},
publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
address = {Philadelphia},
issn = {1076-2752},
doi = {10.1097/JOM.0000000000000678},
pages = {398 -- 406},
year = {2016},
abstract = {Objective: The aim of this study was to study the effects of a short-term cognitive behavior therapy on work-anxiety and sickness-absence in patients with work-anxiety. Methods: Three-hundred forty-five inpatients who suffered from cardiologic, neurological, or orthopedic problems and additionally work-anxiety were randomly assigned into two different group interventions. Patients got four sessions of a group intervention, which either focused on cognitive behavior-therapy anxiety-management (work-anxiety coping group, WAG) or unspecific recreational activities (RG). Results: No differences were found between WAG and RG for work-anxiety and subjective work ability. When looking at patients who were suffering only from work-anxiety, and no additional mental disorder, the duration of sickness absence until 6 months follow-up was shorter in the WAG (WAG: 11 weeks, RG: 16 weeks, P = 0.050). Conclusion: A shortterm WAG may help return to work in patients with work-anxieties, as long as there is no comorbid mental disorder.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BoschDeCesareDemskeetal.2023,
author = {Bosch, Sina and De Cesare, Ilaria and Demske, Ulrike and Felser, Claudia},
title = {Word-order variation and coherence in German infinitival complementation},
series = {The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics},
volume = {26},
journal = {The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {1572-8552},
doi = {10.1007/s10828-023-09140-8},
pages = {43},
year = {2023},
abstract = {This study provides a synthesis of corpus-based and experimental investigations of word-order preferences in German infinitival complementation. We carried out a systematic analysis of present-day German corpora to establish frequency distributions of different word-order options: extraposition, intraposition, and 'third construction'. We then examined, firstly, whether and to what extent corpus frequencies and processing economy constraints can predict the acceptability of these three word-order variants, and whether subject raising and subject control verbs form clearly distinguishable subclasses of infinitive-embedding verbs in terms of their word-order behaviour. Secondly, our study looks into the issue of coherence by comparing acceptability ratings for monoclausal coherent and biclausal incoherent construals of intraposed infinitives, and by examining whether a biclausal incoherent analysis gives rise to local and/or global processing difficulty. Taken together, our results revealed that (i) whilst the extraposition pattern consistently wins out over all other word-order variants for control verbs, neither frequency nor processing-based approaches to word-order variation can account for the acceptability of low-frequency variants, (ii) there is considerable verb-specific variation regarding word-order preferences both between and within the two sets of raising and control verbs under investigation, and (iii) although monoclausal coherent intraposition is rated above biclausal incoherent intraposition, the latter is not any more difficult to process than the former. Our findings indicate that frequency of occurrence and processing-related constraints interact with idiosyncratic lexical properties of individual verbs in determining German speakers' structural preferences.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HiltonWestermann2017,
author = {Hilton, Matt and Westermann, Gert},
title = {word-object mappings},
series = {Journal of child language},
volume = {44},
journal = {Journal of child language},
publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
address = {New York},
issn = {0305-0009},
doi = {10.1017/S030500091600057X},
pages = {1394 -- 1412},
year = {2017},
abstract = {This study set out to examine whether shyness, an aversion to novelty and unfamiliar social situations, can affect the processes that underlie early word learning. Twenty-four-month-old children (n =32) were presented with sets of one novel and two familiar objects, and it was found that shyer children were less likely to select a novel object as the referent of a novel label. Furthermore, not-shy children then showed evidence of retaining these novel mappings, but shy children did not. These findings suggest that shy children's aversion to novelty and to the unfamiliar context can impact on their word learning.},
language = {en}
}
@article{EiteljoergeAdamElsneretal.2019,
author = {Eiteljoerge, Sarah F. V. and Adam, Maurits and Elsner, Birgit and Mani, Nivedita},
title = {Word-object and action-object association learning across early development},
series = {PLoS one},
volume = {14},
journal = {PLoS one},
number = {8},
publisher = {PLoS},
address = {San Fransisco},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0220317},
pages = {22},
year = {2019},
abstract = {Successful communication often involves comprehension of both spoken language and observed actions with and without objects. Even very young infants can learn associations between actions and objects as well as between words and objects. However, in daily life, children are usually confronted with both kinds of input simultaneously. Choosing the critical information to attend to in such situations might help children structure the input, and thereby, allow for successful learning. In the current study, we therefore, investigated the developmental time course of children's and adults' word and action learning when given the opportunity to learn both word-object and action-object associations for the same object. All participants went through a learning phase and a test phase. In the learning phase, they were presented with two novel objects which were associated with a distinct novel name (e.g., "Look, a Tanu") and a distinct novel action (e.g., moving up and down while tilting sideways). In the test phase, participants were presented with both objects on screen in a baseline phase, then either heard one of the two labels or saw one of the two actions in a prime phase, and then saw the two objects again on screen in a recognition phase. Throughout the trial, participants' target looking was recorded to investigate whether participants looked at the target object upon hearing its label or seeing its action, and thus, would show learning of the word-object and action-object associations. Growth curve analyses revealed that 12-month-olds showed modest learning of action-object associations, 36-month-olds learned word-object associations, and adults learned word-object and action-object associations. These results highlight how children attend to the different information types from the two modalities through which communication is addressed to them. Over time, with increased exposure to systematic word-object mappings, children attend less to action-object mappings, with the latter potentially being mediated by word-object learning even in adulthood. Thus, choosing between different kinds of input that may be more relevant in their rich environment encompassing different modalities might help learning at different points in development.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ZhouWangShuetal.2018,
author = {Zhou, Wei and Wang, Aiping and Shu, Hua and Kliegl, Reinhold and Yan, Ming},
title = {Word segmentation by alternating colors facilitates eye guidance in Chinese reading},
series = {Memory \& cognition},
volume = {46},
journal = {Memory \& cognition},
number = {5},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {0090-502X},
doi = {10.3758/s13421-018-0797-5},
pages = {729 -- 740},
year = {2018},
abstract = {During sentence reading, low spatial frequency information afforded by spaces between words is the primary factor for eye guidance in spaced writing systems, whereas saccade generation for unspaced writing systems is less clear and under debate. In the present study, we investigated whether word-boundary information, provided by alternating colors (consistent or inconsistent with word-boundary information) influences saccade-target selection in Chinese. In Experiment 1, as compared to a baseline (i.e., uniform color) condition, word segmentation with alternating color shifted fixation location towards the center of words. In contrast, incorrect word segmentation shifted fixation location towards the beginning of words. In Experiment 2, we used a gaze-contingent paradigm to restrict the color manipulation only to the upcoming parafoveal words and replicated the results, including fixation location effects, as observed in Experiment 1. These results indicate that Chinese readers are capable of making use of parafoveal word-boundary knowledge for saccade generation, even if such information is unfamiliar to them. The present study provides novel support for the hypothesis that word segmentation is involved in the decision about where to fixate next during Chinese reading.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Smith2000,
author = {Smith, George},
title = {Word remnants and coordination},
year = {2000},
language = {en}
}
@article{HoehlevandeVijverWeisenborn2006,
author = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and van de Vijver, Ruben and Weisenborn, J.},
title = {Word processing at 19 months at its relation to language performance at 30 months : a retrospective analysis of data from German learning children},
year = {2006},
language = {en}
}