@article{OeztuerkBozzolanHolcombeetal.2022, author = {{\"O}zt{\"u}rk, Ugur and Bozzolan, Elisa and Holcombe, Elizabeth A. and Shukla, Roopam and Pianosi, Francesca and Wagener, Thorsten}, title = {How climate change and unplanned urban sprawl bring more landslides}, series = {Nature : the international weekly journal of science}, volume = {608}, journal = {Nature : the international weekly journal of science}, number = {7922}, publisher = {Nature portfolio}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0028-0836}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-02141-9}, pages = {262 -- 265}, year = {2022}, abstract = {More settlements will suffer as heavy rains and unregulated construction destabilize slopes in the tropics, models show.}, language = {en} } @article{CabukUenlue2022, author = {{\c{C}}abuk, Uğur and {\"U}nl{\"u}, Ercan Sel{\c{c}}uk}, title = {A combined de novo assembly approach increases the quality of prokaryotic draft genomes}, series = {Folia microbiologica : international journal for general, environmental and applied microbiology, and immunology}, volume = {67}, journal = {Folia microbiologica : international journal for general, environmental and applied microbiology, and immunology}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0015-5632}, doi = {10.1007/s12223-022-00980-7}, pages = {801 -- 810}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Next-generation sequencing methods provide comprehensive data for the analysis of structural and functional analysis of the genome. The draft genomes with low contig number and high N50 value can give insight into the structure of the genome as well as provide information on the annotation of the genome. In this study, we designed a pipeline that can be used to assemble prokaryotic draft genomes with low number of contigs and high N50 value. We aimed to use combination of two de novo assembly tools (SPAdes and IDBA-Hybrid) and evaluate the impact of this approach on the quality metrics of the assemblies. The followed pipeline was tested with the raw sequence data with short reads (< 300) for a total of 10 species from four different genera. To obtain the final draft genomes, we firstly assembled the sequences using SPAdes to find closely related organism using the extracted 16 s rRNA from it. IDBA-Hybrid assembler was used to obtain the second assembly data using the closely related organism genome. SPAdes assembler tool was implemented using the second assembly, produced by IDBA-hybrid as a hint. The results were evaluated using QUAST and BUSCO. The pipeline was successful for the reduction of the contig numbers and increasing the N50 statistical values in the draft genome assemblies while preserving the coverage of the draft genomes.}, language = {en} } @article{AngelPuigSamper2022, author = {{\´A}ngel Puig-Samper, Miguel}, title = {Humboldt and his geographical album of New Spain}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XXIII}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {45}, editor = {Ette, Ottmar and Knobloch, Eberhard}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2568-3543}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59233}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-592335}, pages = {29 -- 71}, year = {2022}, abstract = {During his trip to New Spain in 1803, Alexander von Humboldt visited large tracts of New Spanish territory, which includes modern Mexico and part of the United States. This trip provided the data for his geographical Atlas of the region, as well as information about the ancient Mexican cultures that he would later include in the general Atlas and in other major works, such as Vues des Cordill{\`e}res. Likewise, Humboldt's Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain displayed a comprehensive physical, natural, economic, and social description of Mexico in the colonial period, which will also be analysed. With these works, Humboldt presented a new geographical and cultural image of New Spain to the European audiences. In addition to this, his work made important contributions to cartographic knowledge.}, language = {en} } @article{Zoeller2022, author = {Z{\"o}ller, Gert}, title = {A note on the estimation of the maximum possible earthquake magnitude based on extreme value theory for the Groningen Gas Field}, series = {The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA}, volume = {112}, journal = {The bulletin of the Seismological Society of America : BSSA}, number = {4}, publisher = {Seismological Society of America}, address = {El Cerito, Calif.}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120210307}, pages = {1825 -- 1831}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Extreme value statistics is a popular and frequently used tool to model the occurrence of large earthquakes. The problem of poor statistics arising from rare events is addressed by taking advantage of the validity of general statistical properties in asymptotic regimes. In this note, I argue that the use of extreme value statistics for the purpose of practically modeling the tail of the frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes can produce biased and thus misleading results because it is unknown to what degree the tail of the true distribution is sampled by data. Using synthetic data allows to quantify this bias in detail. The implicit assumption that the true M-max is close to the maximum observed magnitude M-max,M-observed restricts the class of the potential models a priori to those with M-max = M-max,M-observed + Delta M with an increment Delta M approximate to 0.5... 1.2. This corresponds to the simple heuristic method suggested by Wheeler (2009) and labeled :M-max equals M-obs plus an increment." The incomplete consideration of the entire model family for the frequency-magnitude distribution neglects, however, the scenario of a large so far unobserved earthquake.}, language = {en} } @article{ZurellKoenigMalchowetal.2022, author = {Zurell, Damaris and K{\"o}nig, Christian and Malchow, Anne-Kathleen and Kapitza, Simon and Bocedi, Greta and Travis, Justin M. J. and Fandos, Guillermo}, title = {Spatially explicit models for decision-making in animal conservation and restoration}, series = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos}, journal = {Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology / Nordic Ecologic Society Oikos}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1600-0587}, doi = {10.1111/ecog.05787}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Models are useful tools for understanding and predicting ecological patterns and processes. Under ongoing climate and biodiversity change, they can greatly facilitate decision-making in conservation and restoration and help designing adequate management strategies for an uncertain future. Here, we review the use of spatially explicit models for decision support and to identify key gaps in current modelling in conservation and restoration. Of 650 reviewed publications, 217 publications had a clear management application and were included in our quantitative analyses. Overall, modelling studies were biased towards static models (79\%), towards the species and population level (80\%) and towards conservation (rather than restoration) applications (71\%). Correlative niche models were the most widely used model type. Dynamic models as well as the gene-to-individual level and the community-to-ecosystem level were underrepresented, and explicit cost optimisation approaches were only used in 10\% of the studies. We present a new model typology for selecting models for animal conservation and restoration, characterising model types according to organisational levels, biological processes of interest and desired management applications. This typology will help to more closely link models to management goals. Additionally, future efforts need to overcome important challenges related to data integration, model integration and decision-making. We conclude with five key recommendations, suggesting that wider usage of spatially explicit models for decision support can be achieved by 1) developing a toolbox with multiple, easier-to-use methods, 2) improving calibration and validation of dynamic modelling approaches and 3) developing best-practise guidelines for applying these models. Further, more robust decision-making can be achieved by 4) combining multiple modelling approaches to assess uncertainty, and 5) placing models at the core of adaptive management. These efforts must be accompanied by long-term funding for modelling and monitoring, and improved communication between research and practise to ensure optimal conservation and restoration outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{ZuhrDolmanHoetal.2022, author = {Zuhr, Alexandra M. and Dolman, Andrew M. and Ho, Sze Ling and Groeneveld, Jeroen and Loewemark, Ludvig and Grotheer, Hendrik and Su, Chih-Chieh and Laepple, Thomas}, title = {Age-heterogeneity in marine sediments revealed by three-dimensional high-resolution radiocarbon measurements}, series = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-6463}, doi = {10.3389/feart.2022.871902}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Marine sedimentary archives are routinely used to reconstruct past environmental changes. In many cases, bioturbation and sedimentary mixing affect the proxy time-series and the age-depth relationship. While idealized models of bioturbation exist, they usually assume homogeneous mixing, thus that a single sample is representative for the sediment layer it is sampled from. However, it is largely unknown to which extent this assumption holds for sediments used for paleoclimate reconstructions. To shed light on 1) the age-depth relationship and its full uncertainty, 2) the magnitude of mixing processes affecting the downcore proxy variations, and 3) the representativity of the discrete sample for the sediment layer, we designed and performed a case study on South China Sea sediment material which was collected using a box corer and which covers the last glacial cycle. Using the radiocarbon content of foraminiferal tests as a tracer of time, we characterize the spatial age-heterogeneity of sediments in a three-dimensional setup. In total, 118 radiocarbon measurements were performed on defined small- and large-volume bulk samples ( similar to 200 specimens each) to investigate the horizontal heterogeneity of the sediment. Additionally, replicated measurements on small numbers of specimens (10 x 5 specimens) were performed to assess the heterogeneity within a sample volume. Visual assessment of X-ray images and a quantitative assessment of the mixing strength show typical mixing from bioturbation corresponding to around 10 cm mixing depth. Notably, our 3D radiocarbon distribution reveals that the horizontal heterogeneity (up to 1,250 years), contributing to the age uncertainty, is several times larger than the typically assumed radiocarbon based age-model error (single errors up to 250 years). Furthermore, the assumption of a perfectly bioturbated layer with no mixing underneath is not met. Our analysis further demonstrates that the age-heterogeneity might be a function of sample size; smaller samples might contain single features from the incomplete mixing and are thus less representative than larger samples. We provide suggestions for future studies, optimal sampling strategies for quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions and realistic uncertainty in age models, as well as discuss possible implications for the interpretation of paleoclimate records.}, language = {en} } @article{ZoccaratoSherMikietal.2022, author = {Zoccarato, Luca and Sher, Daniel and Miki, Takeshi and Segre, Daniel and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {A comparative whole-genome approach identifies bacterial traits for marine microbial interactions}, series = {Communications biology}, volume = {5}, journal = {Communications biology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2399-3642}, doi = {10.1038/s42003-022-03184-4}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Luca Zoccarato, Daniel Sher et al. leverage publicly available bacterial genomes from marine and other environments to examine traits underlying microbial interactions. Their results provide a valuable resource to investigate clusters of functional and linked traits to better understand marine bacteria community assembly and dynamics. Microbial interactions shape the structure and function of microbial communities with profound consequences for biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem health. Yet, most interaction mechanisms are studied only in model systems and their prevalence is unknown. To systematically explore the functional and interaction potential of sequenced marine bacteria, we developed a trait-based approach, and applied it to 473 complete genomes (248 genera), representing a substantial fraction of marine microbial communities. We identified genome functional clusters (GFCs) which group bacterial taxa with common ecology and life history. Most GFCs revealed unique combinations of interaction traits, including the production of siderophores (10\% of genomes), phytohormones (3-8\%) and different B vitamins (57-70\%). Specific GFCs, comprising Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, displayed more interaction traits than expected by chance, and are thus predicted to preferentially interact synergistically and/or antagonistically with bacteria and phytoplankton. Linked trait clusters (LTCs) identify traits that may have evolved to act together (e.g., secretion systems, nitrogen metabolism regulation and B vitamin transporters), providing testable hypotheses for complex mechanisms of microbial interactions. Our approach translates multidimensional genomic information into an atlas of marine bacteria and their putative functions, relevant for understanding the fundamental rules that govern community assembly and dynamics.}, language = {en} } @article{ZimmermannSchabedoth2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Schabedoth, John Alexander}, title = {Domestic and international criminal justice}, series = {KFG working paper series}, journal = {KFG working paper series}, number = {57}, publisher = {Berlin Potsdam Research Group International Law - Rise or Decline?}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2509-3762}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4087189}, pages = {22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This paper consists of two parts: In the first part, some of the challenges with which the Internationaal Criminal Court is currently confronted are being presented. First of all, the article will describe the current state of the International Criminal Court and the Rome Statue. Afterwards, the article analyses the Court's efforts to deal with cases against third-country nationals and the challenges it is facing in that regard. In addition, the Court's case law will be analyzed in order to determine an increasing 'emancipation' of the case law of the International Criminal Court from international humanitarian law. The second part of the paper will briefly discuss the role of domestic international criminal law and domestic courts in the further development and enforcement of international criminal law. As an example of the role that domestic courts may have in clarifying classic issues in international law, the judgment of the German Supreme Court of January 28, 2021 (3 StR 564/19), which deals with the status of costumary international law on functional immunity of State officials before domestic courts, shall be assessed.}, language = {en} } @article{ZielhoferSchmidtReicheetal.2022, author = {Zielhofer, Christoph and Schmidt, Johannes and Reiche, Niklas and Tautenhahn, Marie and Ballasus, Helen and Burkart, Michael and Linst{\"a}dter, Anja and Dietze, Elisabeth and Kaiser, Knut and Mehler, Natascha}, title = {The lower Havel River Region (Brandenburg, Germany)}, series = {Water}, volume = {14}, journal = {Water}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w14030480}, pages = {23}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Instrumental data show that the groundwater and lake levels in Northeast Germany have decreased over the past decades, and this process has accelerated over the past few years. In addition to global warming, the direct influence of humans on the local water balance is suspected to be the cause. Since the instrumental data usually go back only a few decades, little is known about the multidecadal to centennial-scale trend, which also takes long-term climate variation and the long-term influence by humans on the water balance into account. This study aims to quantitatively reconstruct the surface water areas in the Lower Havel Inner Delta and of adjacent Lake Gulpe in Brandenburg. The analysis includes the calculation of surface water areas from historical and modern maps from 1797 to 2020. The major finding is that surface water areas have decreased by approximately 30\% since the pre-industrial period, with the decline being continuous. Our data show that the comprehensive measures in Lower Havel hydro-engineering correspond with groundwater lowering that started before recent global warming. Further, large-scale melioration measures with increasing water demands in the upstream wetlands beginning from the 1960s to the 1980s may have amplified the decline in downstream surface water areas.}, language = {en} } @article{ZieglerPfitznerSchulzetal.2022, author = {Ziegler, Joceline and Pfitzner, Bjarne and Schulz, Heinrich and Saalbach, Axel and Arnrich, Bert}, title = {Defending against Reconstruction Attacks through Differentially Private Federated Learning for Classification of Heterogeneous Chest X-ray Data}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {22}, journal = {Sensors}, edition = {14}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel, Schweiz}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s22145195}, pages = {25}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Privacy regulations and the physical distribution of heterogeneous data are often primary concerns for the development of deep learning models in a medical context. This paper evaluates the feasibility of differentially private federated learning for chest X-ray classification as a defense against data privacy attacks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to directly compare the impact of differentially private training on two different neural network architectures, DenseNet121 and ResNet50. Extending the federated learning environments previously analyzed in terms of privacy, we simulated a heterogeneous and imbalanced federated setting by distributing images from the public CheXpert and Mendeley chest X-ray datasets unevenly among 36 clients. Both non-private baseline models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.940.94 on the binary classification task of detecting the presence of a medical finding. We demonstrate that both model architectures are vulnerable to privacy violation by applying image reconstruction attacks to local model updates from individual clients. The attack was particularly successful during later training stages. To mitigate the risk of a privacy breach, we integrated R{\´e}nyi differential privacy with a Gaussian noise mechanism into local model training. We evaluate model performance and attack vulnerability for privacy budgets ε∈{1,3,6,10}�∈{1,3,6,10}. The DenseNet121 achieved the best utility-privacy trade-off with an AUC of 0.940.94 for ε=6�=6. Model performance deteriorated slightly for individual clients compared to the non-private baseline. The ResNet50 only reached an AUC of 0.760.76 in the same privacy setting. Its performance was inferior to that of the DenseNet121 for all considered privacy constraints, suggesting that the DenseNet121 architecture is more robust to differentially private training.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhuCottonKawaseetal.2022, author = {Zhu, Chuanbin and Cotton, Fabrice and Kawase, Hiroshi and H{\"a}ndel, Annabel and Pilz, Marco and Nakano, Kenichi}, title = {How well can we predict earthquake site response so far?}, series = {Earthquake spectra : the professional journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute}, volume = {38}, journal = {Earthquake spectra : the professional journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {8755-2930}, doi = {10.1177/87552930211060859}, pages = {1047 -- 1075}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Earthquake site responses or site effects are the modifications of surface geology to seismic waves. How well can we predict the site effects (average over many earthquakes) at individual sites so far? To address this question, we tested and compared the effectiveness of different estimation techniques in predicting the outcrop Fourier site responses separated using the general inversion technique (GIT) from recordings. Techniques being evaluated are (a) the empirical correction to the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquakes (c-HVSR), (b) one-dimensional ground response analysis (GRA), and (c) the square-root-impedance (SRI) method (also called the quarter-wavelength approach). Our results show that c-HVSR can capture significantly more site-specific features in site responses than both GRA and SRI in the aggregate, especially at relatively high frequencies. c-HVSR achieves a "good match" in spectral shape at similar to 80\%-90\% of 145 testing sites, whereas GRA and SRI fail at most sites. GRA and SRI results have a high level of parametric and/or modeling errors which can be constrained, to some extent, by collecting on-site recordings.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhaoSarhanEljarratetal.2022, author = {Zhao, Yuhang and Sarhan, Radwan Mohamed and Eljarrat, Alberto and Kochovski, Zdravko and Koch, Christoph and Schmidt, Bernd and Koopman, Wouter-Willem Adriaan and Lu, Yan}, title = {Surface-functionalized Au-Pd nanorods with enhanced photothermal conversion and catalytic performance}, series = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces}, volume = {14}, journal = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces}, number = {15}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.2c00221}, pages = {17259 -- 17272}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Bimetallic nanostructures comprising plasmonic and catalytic components have recently emerged as a promising approach to generate a new type of photo-enhanced nanoreactors. Most designs however concentrate on plasmon-induced charge separation, leaving photo-generated heat as a side product. This work presents a photoreactor based on Au-Pd nanorods with an optimized photothermal conversion, which aims to effectively utilize the photo-generated heat to increase the rate of Pd-catalyzed reactions. Dumbbell-shaped Au nanorods were fabricated via a seed-mediated growth method using binary surfactants. Pd clusters were selectively grown at the tips of the Au nanorods, using the zeta potential as a new synthetic parameter to indicate the surfactant remaining on the nanorod surface. The photothermal conversion of the Au-Pd nanorods was improved with a thin layer of polydopamine (PDA) or TiO2. As a result, a 60\% higher temperature increment of the dispersion compared to that for bare Au rods at the same light intensity and particle density could be achieved. The catalytic performance of the coated particles was then tested using the reduction of 4-nitrophenol as the model reaction. Under light, the PDA-coated Au-Pd nanorods exhibited an improved catalytic activity, increasing the reaction rate by a factor 3. An analysis of the activation energy confirmed the photoheating effect to be the dominant mechanism accelerating the reaction. Thus, the increased photothermal heating is responsible for the reaction acceleration. Interestingly, the same analysis shows a roughly 10\% higher reaction rate for particles under illumination compared to under dark heating, possibly implying a crucial role of localized heat gradients at the particle surface. Finally, the coating thickness was identified as an essential parameter determining the photothermal conversion efficiency and the reaction acceleration.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhaoYanLiuetal.2022, author = {Zhao, Siqi Q. and Yan, Huirong and Liu, Terry Z. and Liu, Mingzhe and Wang, Huizi}, title = {Multispacecraft analysis of the properties of magnetohydrodynamic fluctuations in Sub-Alfvenic solar wind turbulence at 1 au}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {937}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac822e}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We present observations of three-dimensional magnetic power spectra in wavevector space to investigate the anisotropy and scalings of sub-Alfvenic solar wind turbulence at magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) scale using the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. The magnetic power distributions are organized in a new coordinate determined by wavevectors ((kappa) over cap) and background magnetic field ((b) over cap (0)) in Fourier space. This study utilizes two approaches to determine wavevectors: the singular value decomposition method and multispacecraft timing analysis. The combination of the two methods allows an examination of the properties of magnetic field fluctuations in terms of mode compositions without any spatiotemporal hypothesis. Observations show that fluctuations (delta B-perpendicular to 1) in the direction perpendicular to (kappa) over cap and (b) over cap (0) prominently cascade perpendicular to (b) over cap (0), and such anisotropy increases with wavenumbers. The reduced power spectra of 6.8 11 follow Goldreich-Sridhar scalings: (P) over cap (k(perpendicular to)) proportional to k(perpendicular to)(-5/3) and (P) over cap (k(parallel to)) proportional to k(parallel to)(-2). In contrast, fluctuations within the (k) over cap(b) over cap (0) plane show isotropic behaviors: perpendicular power distributions are approximately the same as parallel distributions. The reduced power spectra of fluctuations within the (k) over cap(b) over cap (0) plane follow the scalings (P) over cap (k(perpendicular to)) proportional to k(perpendicular to)(-3/2) and (P) over cap (k(parallel to)) proportional to k(parallel to)(-3/2). Comparing frequency-wavevector spectra with theoretical dispersion relations of MHD modes, we find that delta B-perpendicular to 1 are probably associated with Alfven modes. On the other hand, magnetic field fluctuations within the (k) over cap(b) over cap (0) plane more likely originate from fast modes based on their isotropic behaviors. The observations of anisotropy and scalings of different magnetic field components are consistent with the predictions of current compressible MHD theory. Moreover, for the Alfvenic component, the ratio of cascading time to the wave period is found to be a factor of a few, consistent with critical balance in the strong turbulence regime. These results are valuable for further studies of energy compositions of plasma turbulence and their effects on energetic particle transport.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangWangKuangetal.2022, author = {Zhang, Zhihao and Wang, Ting and Kuang, Jin and Herold, Fabian and Ludyga, Sebastian and Li, Jingming and Hall, Daniel L. and Taylor, Alyx and Healy, Sean and Yeung, Albert S. and Kramer, Arthur F. and Zou, Liye}, title = {The roles of exercise tolerance and resilience in the effect of physical activity on emotional states among college students}, series = {International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology}, volume = {22}, journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {1697-2600}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100312}, pages = {8}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background/objective: Negative emotional states, such as depression, anxiety, and stress challenge health care due to their long-term consequences for mental disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that regular physical activity (PA) can positively influence negative emotional states. Among possible candidates, resilience and exercise tolerance in particular have the potential to partly explain the positive effects of PA on negative emotional states. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between PA and negative emotional states, and further determine the mediating effects of exercise tolerance and resilience in such a relationship. Method: In total, 1117 Chinese college students (50.4\% female, Mage=18.90, SD=1.25) completed a psychosocial battery, including the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). Regression analysis was used to identify the serial multiple mediation, controlling for gender, age and BMI. Results: PA, exercise intensity-tolerance, and resilience were significantly negatively correlated with negative emotional states (Ps<.05). Further, exercise tolerance and resilience partially mediated the relationship between PA and negative emotional states. Conclusions: Resilience and exercise intensity-tolerance can be achieved through regularly engaging in PA, and these newly observed variables play critical roles in prevention of mental illnesses, especially college students who face various challenges. Recommended amount of PA should be incorporated into curriculum or sport clubs within a campus environment.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangLiuMachatscheketal.2022, author = {Zhang, Shanshan and Liu, Yue and Machatschek, Rainhard Gabriel and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Ultrathin collagen type I films formed at the air-water interface}, series = {MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS)}, volume = {7}, journal = {MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS)}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer Nature Switzerland AG}, address = {Cham}, issn = {2059-8521}, doi = {10.1557/s43580-021-00160-8}, pages = {56 -- 62}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Collagen-based biomaterials with oriented fibrils have shown great application potential in medicine. However, it is still challenging to control the type I collagen fibrillogenesis in ultrathin films. Here, we report an approach to produce cohesive and well-organized type I collagen ultrathin films of about 10 nm thickness using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Ellipsometry, rheology, and Brewster angle microscopy are applied to investigate in situ how the molecules behave at the air-water interface, both at room temperature and 37 degrees C. The interfacial storage modulus observed at room temperature vanishes upon heating, indicating the existence and disappearance of the network structure in the protein nanosheet. The films were spanning over holes as large as 1 mm diameter when transferred at room temperature, proving the strong cohesive interactions. A highly aligned and fibrillar structure was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangCaoXuetal.2022, author = {Zhang, Naimeng and Cao, Xianyong and Xu, Qinghai and Huang, Xiaozhong and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Shen, Zhongwei and Peng, Wei and Liu, Sisi and Wu, Duo and Wang, Jian and Xia, Huan and Zhang, Dongju and Chen, Fahu}, title = {Vegetation change and human-environment interactions in the Qinghai Lake Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, since the last deglaciation}, series = {Catena}, volume = {210}, journal = {Catena}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2021.105892}, pages = {14}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The nature of the interaction between prehistoric humans and their environment, especially the vegetation, has long been of interest. The Qinghai Lake Basin in North China is well-suited to exploring the interactions between prehistoric humans and vegetation in the Tibetan Plateau, because of the comparatively dense distribution of archaeological sites and the ecologically fragile environment. Previous pollen studies of Qinghai Lake have enabled a detailed reconstruction of the regional vegetation, but they have provided relatively little information on vegetation change within the Qinghai Lake watershed. To address the issue we conducted a pollen-based vegetation reconstruction for an archaeological site (YWY), located on the southern shore of Qinghai Lake. We used high temporal-resolution pollen records from the YWY site and from Qinghai Lake, spanning the interval since the last deglaciation (15.3 kyr BP to the present) to quantitatively reconstruct changes in the local and regional vegetation using Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm models. The results show that, since the late glacial, spruce forest grew at high altitudes in the surrounding mountains, while the lakeshore environment was occupied mainly by shrub-steppe. From the lateglacial to the middle Holocene, coniferous woodland began to expand downslope and reached the YWY site at 7.1 kyr BP. The living environment of the local small groups of Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic humans (during 15.3-13.1 kyr BP and 9-6.4 kyr BP) changed from shrub-steppe to coniferous forest-steppe. The pollen record shows no evidence of pronounced changes in the vegetation community corresponding to human activity. However, based on a comparison of the local and regional vegetation reconstructions, low values of biodiversity and a significant increase in two indicators of vegetation degradation, Chenopodiaceae and Rosaceae, suggest that prehistoric hunters-gatherers likely disturbed the local vegetation during 9.0-6.4 kyr BP. Our findings are a preliminary attempt to study human-environment interactions at Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic sites in the region, and they contribute to ongoing environmental archaeology research in the Tibetan Plateau.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangHuYangetal.2022, author = {Zhang, Kai and Hu, Jiege and Yang, Shuai and Xu, Wei and Wang, Zhichao and Zhuang, Peiwen and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Luo, Zhuhua}, title = {Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by the marine fungus Cladosporium halotolerans 6UPA1}, series = {Journal of hazardous materials}, volume = {437}, journal = {Journal of hazardous materials}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-3894}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129406}, pages = {10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Lack of degradability and the accumulation of polymeric wastes increase the risk for the health of the environment. Recently, recycling of polymeric waste materials becomes increasingly important as raw materials for polymer synthesis are in short supply due to the rise in price and supply chain disruptions. As an important polymer, polyurethane (PU) is widely used in modern life, therefore, PU biodegradation is desirable to avoid its accumulation in the environment. In this study, we isolated a fungal strain Cladosporium halotolerans from the deep sea which can grow in mineral medium with a polyester PU (Impranil DLN) as a sole carbon source. Further, we demonstrate that it can degrade up to 80\% of Impranil PU after 3 days of incubation at 28 celcius by breaking the carbonyl groups (1732 cm(-1)) and C-N-H bonds (1532 cm(-1) and 1247 cm(-1)) as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed polyols and alkanes as PU degradation intermediates, indicating the hydrolysis of ester and urethane bonds. Esterase and urease activities were detected in 7 days-old cultures with PU as a carbon source. Transcriptome analysis showed a number of extracellular protein genes coding for enzymes such as cutinase, lipase, peroxidase and hydrophobic surface binding proteins A (HsbA) were expressed when cultivated on Impranil PU. The yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that the hydrophobic surface binding protein ChHsbA1 directly interacts with inducible esterases, ChLip1 (lipase) and ChCut1 (cutinase). Further, the KEGG pathway for "fatty acid degradation " was significantly enriched in Impranil PU inducible genes, indicating that the fungus may use the degradation intermediates to generate energy via this pathway. Taken together, our data indicates secretion of both esterase and hydrophobic surface binding proteins by C. halotolerans plays an important role in Impranil PU absorption and subsequent degradation. Our study provides a mechanistic insight into Impranil PU biodegradation by deep sea fungi and provides the basis for future development of biotechnological PU recycling.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangCaoYuanetal.2022, author = {Zhang, Di and Cao, Kai and Yuan, Xiaoping and Wang, Guocan and van der Beek, Pieter A.}, title = {Late Oligocene-early Miocene origin of the First Bend of the Yangtze River explained by thrusting-induced river reorganization}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {411}, journal = {Geomorphology}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0169-555X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108303}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The origin of the First Bend of the Yangtze River is key to understanding the birth of the modern Yangtze River. Despite considerable efforts, the timing and mechanism of formation of the First Bend remain highly debated. Inverse river-profile modeling of three tributaries (Chongjiang, Lima, and Gudu) of the Jinsha River, integrated with regional tectonic and geomorphic interpretations, allows the onset of incision at the First Bend to be constrained to 28-20 Ma. The spatio-temporal coincidence of initial river incision and activity of Yulong Thrust Belt in southeastern Tibet highlights thrusting to be fundamental in reshaping the pre-existing stream network at the First Bend. These results enable us to reinterpret a change in sedimentary environment from a braided river to a swamp-like lake in the Jianchuan Basin south of the First Bend, recording the destruction of the hypothesized southwards-flowing paleo-Jinsha and Shuiluo Rivers at ~36-35 Ma by magmatism. During the late Oligoceneearly Miocene, the paleo-Shuiluo River was diverted to the north by focused rock uplift due to thrusting along the Yulong Thrust Belt, which also led to exhumation of the Jianchuan Basin. Diversion of the paleo-Shuiluo River can be explained by capture from a downstream river in the footwall of the Yulong Thrust Belt. Subsequent rapid headward erosion, that was caused by thrusting-induced drop of local base level, is recorded by upstream younging ages for the onset of incision and led to the formation of the First Bend. The combination of new ages for the onset of incision at 28-20 Ma at the First Bend and younger ages upstream indicates northwards expansion of the Jinsha River at a rate of 62 +/- 18 mm/yr. Our results suggest that the origin of the First Bend was likely triggered by thrusting at 28-20 Ma, after which the Yangtze River formed.}, language = {en} } @article{ZeuschnerWangDebetal.2022, author = {Zeuschner, Steffen Peer and Wang, Xi-Guang and Deb, Marwan and Popova, Elena and Malinowski, Gregory and Hehn, Michel and Keller, Niels and Berakdar, Jamal and Bargheer, Matias}, title = {Standing spin wave excitation in Bi}, series = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, volume = {106}, journal = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, number = {13}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {2469-9950}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.106.134401}, pages = {9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Based on micromagnetic simulations and experimental observations of the magnetization and lattice dynamics after the direct optical excitation of the magnetic insulator Bi : YIG or indirect excitation via an optically opaque Pt/Cu double layer, we disentangle the dynamical effects of magnetic anisotropy and magneto-elastic coupling. The strain and temperature of the lattice are quantified via modeling ultrafast x-ray diffraction data. Measurements of the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect agree well with the magnetization dynamics simulated according to the excitation via two mechanisms: the magneto-elastic coupling to the experimentally verified strain dynamics and the ultrafast temperature-induced transient change in the magnetic anisotropy. The numerical modeling proves that, for direct excitation, both mechanisms drive the fundamental mode with opposite phase. The relative ratio of standing spin wave amplitudes of higher-order modes indicates that both mechanisms are substantially active.}, language = {en} } @article{ZennerBoettingerKonigorski2022, author = {Zenner, Alexander M. and B{\"o}ttinger, Erwin and Konigorski, Stefan}, title = {StudyMe}, series = {Trials}, volume = {23}, journal = {Trials}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1745-6215}, doi = {10.1186/s13063-022-06893-7}, pages = {15}, year = {2022}, abstract = {N-of-1 trials are multi-crossover self-experiments that allow individuals to systematically evaluate the effect of interventions on their personal health goals. Although several tools for N-of-1 trials exist, there is a gap in supporting non-experts in conducting their own user-centric trials. In this study, we present StudyMe, an open-source mobile application that is freely available from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=health.studyu.me and offers users flexibility and guidance in configuring every component of their trials. We also present research that informed the development of StudyMe, focusing on trial creation. Through an initial survey with 272 participants, we learned that individuals are interested in a variety of personal health aspects and have unique ideas on how to improve them. In an iterative, user-centered development process with intermediate user tests, we developed StudyMe that features an educational part to communicate N-of-1 trial concepts. A final empirical evaluation of StudyMe showed that all participants were able to create their own trials successfully using StudyMe and the app achieved a very good usability rating. Our findings suggest that StudyMe provides a significant step towards enabling individuals to apply a systematic science-oriented approach to personalize health-related interventions and behavior modifications in their everyday lives.}, language = {en} }