@article{AsselmannHolstSpecht2023,
author = {Asselmann, Eva and Holst, Elke and Specht, Jule},
title = {Longitudinal bidirectional associations between personality and becoming a leader},
series = {Journal of personality},
volume = {91},
journal = {Journal of personality},
number = {2},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
address = {Boston, Mass. [u.a.]},
issn = {0022-3506},
doi = {10.1111/jopy.12719},
pages = {285 -- 298},
year = {2023},
abstract = {Objective Leaders differ in their personalities from non-leaders. However, when do these differences emerge? Are leaders "born to be leaders" or does their personality change in preparation for a leadership role and due to increasing leadership experience? Method Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we examined personality differences between leaders (N = 2683 leaders, women: n = 967; 36.04\%) and non-leaders (N = 33,663) as well as personality changes before and after becoming a leader. Results Already in the years before starting a leadership position, leaders-to-be were more extraverted, open, emotionally stable, conscientious, and willing to take risks, felt to have greater control, and trusted others more than non-leaders. Moreover, personality changed in emergent leaders: While approaching a leadership position, leaders-to-be (especially men) became gradually more extraverted, open, and willing to take risks and felt to have more control over their life. After becoming a leader, they became less extraverted, less willing to take risks, and less conscientious but gained self-esteem. Conclusions Our findings suggest that people are not simply "born to be leaders" but that their personalities change considerably in preparation for a leadership role and due to leadership experience. Some changes are transient, but others last for a long time.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Kayser2023,
author = {Kayser, Daniela Niesta},
title = {Lehrkr{\"a}ftegesundheit und Umgang mit Beanspruchungsfolgen im Praxissemester},
series = {PSI-Potsdam: Ergebnisbericht zu den Aktivit{\"a}ten im Rahmen der Qualit{\"a}tsoffensive Lehrerbildung (2019-2023) (Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung ; 3)},
journal = {PSI-Potsdam: Ergebnisbericht zu den Aktivit{\"a}ten im Rahmen der Qualit{\"a}tsoffensive Lehrerbildung (2019-2023) (Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung ; 3)},
number = {3},
publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
address = {Potsdam},
isbn = {978-3-86956-568-2},
issn = {2626-3556},
doi = {10.25932/publishup-61864},
url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-618643},
pages = {375 -- 393},
year = {2023},
abstract = {Mit Blick auf den Schuldienst existieren viele Studien zur Arbeitsbelastung und Arbeitsbeanspruchung von Lehrkr{\"a}ften. Bereits die Praxisphasen im Lehramtsstudium sind gepr{\"a}gt von zahlreichen Anforderungen f{\"u}r Lehramtsanw{\"a}rter:innen, weshalb Wissen und Kenntnisse um eigene Ressourcen eine erhebliche Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Ressourcennutzung zur Bew{\"a}ltigung der Anforderungen und zur Gesunderhaltung darstellen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt den Gesundheitsbegriff sowie die theoretischen Grundlagen der Ressourcen zur Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung anhand repr{\"a}sentativer Studien innerhalb sowie außerhalb des Potsdamer Praxissemesters vor. Insbesondere wird sich den Anforderungen im Praxissemester, die durch die Corona-Pandemie gepr{\"a}gt waren, gewidmet. Ziel ist es, angehenden Lehrkr{\"a}ften die wichtigsten Methoden bzw. Strategien der Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung zu vermitteln und sie damit zur St{\"a}rkung ihrer eigenen Gesundheit auch in Zeiten erh{\"o}hter Belastung bzw. in Krisenzeiten zu bef{\"a}higen. Erste empirische Ergebnisse aus einer qualitativen Erhebung zeigen, dass die Teilnehmenden in Bezug auf innere Ressourcen die zentrale Rolle von produktiven {\"U}berzeugungssystemen und produktiven Bew{\"a}ltigungsstrategien betonen. Ein Mentoringprogramm, angelegt analog zur Potsdamer AG der Mentor:innenqualifzierung, k{\"o}nnte dazu dienen, inhaltliche Eckpunkte zur Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung im Unterricht des Praxissemesters zu verankern und angehende Lehrkr{\"a}fte zu begleiten.},
language = {de}
}
@article{StoneNicenboimVasishthetal.2023,
author = {Stone, Kate and Nicenboim, Bruno and Vasishth, Shravan and R{\"o}sler, Frank},
title = {Understanding the effects of constraint and predictability in ERP},
series = {Neurobiology of language},
volume = {4},
journal = {Neurobiology of language},
number = {2},
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
issn = {2641-4368},
doi = {10.1162/nol_a_00094},
pages = {221 -- 256},
year = {2023},
abstract = {Intuitively, strongly constraining contexts should lead to stronger probabilistic representations of sentences in memory. Encountering unexpected words could therefore be expected to trigger costlier shifts in these representations than expected words. However, psycholinguistic measures commonly used to study probabilistic processing, such as the N400 event-related potential (ERP) component, are sensitive to word predictability but not to contextual constraint. Some research suggests that constraint-related processing cost may be measurable via an ERP positivity following the N400, known as the anterior post-N400 positivity (PNP). The PNP is argued to reflect update of a sentence representation and to be distinct from the posterior P600, which reflects conflict detection and reanalysis. However, constraint-related PNP findings are inconsistent. We sought to conceptually replicate Federmeier et al. (2007) and Kuperberg et al. (2020), who observed that the PNP, but not the N400 or the P600, was affected by constraint at unexpected but plausible words. Using a pre-registered design and statistical approach maximising power, we demonstrated a dissociated effect of predictability and constraint: strong evidence for predictability but not constraint in the N400 window, and strong evidence for constraint but not predictability in the later window. However, the constraint effect was consistent with a P600 and not a PNP, suggesting increased conflict between a strong representation and unexpected input rather than greater update of the representation. We conclude that either a simple strong/weak constraint design is not always sufficient to elicit the PNP, or that previous PNP constraint findings could be an artifact of smaller sample size.},
language = {en}
}
@article{PollatosMoenkemoellerGroppeetal.2023,
author = {Pollatos, Olga and M{\"o}nkem{\"o}ller, Karla and Groppe, Karoline and Elsner, Birgit},
title = {Interoceptive accuracy is associated with benefits in decision making in children},
series = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {13},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070037},
pages = {13},
year = {2023},
abstract = {Introduction: Decision making results not only from logical analyses, but seems to be further guided by the ability to perceive somatic information (interoceptive accuracy). Relations between interoceptive accuracy and decision making have been exclusively studied in adults and with regard to complex, uncertain situations (as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT). Methods: In the present study, 1454 children (6-11 years) were examined at two time points (approximately 1 year apart) using an IGT as well as a delay-of-gratification task for sweets-items and toy-items. Interoceptive accuracy was measured using a child-adapted version of the Heartbeat Perception Task. Results: The present results revealed that children with higher, as compared to lower, interoceptive accuracy showed more advantageous choices in the IGT and delayed more sweets-items, but not toy-items, in a delay-of-gratification task at time point 2 but not at time point 1. However, no longitudinal relation between interoceptive accuracy and decision making 1 year later could be shown. Discussion: Results indicate that interoceptive accuracy relates to decision-making abilities in situations of varying complexity already in middle childhood, and that this link might consolidate across the examined 1-year period. Furthermore, the association of interoceptive accuracy and the delay of sweets-items might have implications for the regulation of body weight at a later age.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RezoriBuchallikWarschburger2022,
author = {Rezori, Roman Enzio von and Buchallik, Friederike and Warschburger, Petra},
title = {Validation of the German Benefit Finding Scale for youth with chronic conditions},
series = {Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health},
volume = {16},
journal = {Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health},
publisher = {Biomed Central},
address = {London},
issn = {1753-2000},
doi = {10.1186/s13034-021-00438-7},
pages = {1 -- 8},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Background Benefit finding, defined as perceiving positive life changes resulting from adversity and negative life stressors, gains growing attention in the context of chronic illness. The study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Benefit Finding Scale for Children (BFSC) in a sample of German youth facing chronic conditions. Methods A sample of adolescents with various chronic conditions (N = 304; 12 - 21years) completed the 10-item BFSC along with measures of intra- and interpersonal resources, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life (hrQoL). The total sample was randomly divided into two subsamples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA). Results EFA revealed that the BFSC scores had a one-dimensional factor structure. CFA verified the one-dimensional factor structure with an acceptable fit. The BFSC exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.87 - 0.88) and construct validity. In line with our hypotheses, benefit finding was positively correlated with optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and support seeking. There were no correlations with avoidance, wishful thinking, emotional reaction, and hrQoL. Sex differences in benefit finding were not consistent across subsamples. Benefit finding was also positively associated with age, disease severity, and social status. Conclusions The BFSC is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess benefit finding in adolescents with chronic illness and may facilitate further research on positive adaptation processes in adolescents, irrespective of their specific diagnosis.},
language = {en}
}
@article{GmeinerWarschburger2022,
author = {Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia and Warschburger, Petra},
title = {Simply too much},
series = {Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity},
volume = {27},
journal = {Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Cham},
issn = {1590-1262},
doi = {10.1007/s40519-021-01170-z},
pages = {317 -- 324},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Purpose Weight bias internalization (WBI) is associated with negative health consequences such as eating disorders and psychosocial problems in children. To date, it is unknown to what extent WBI considerably raises the risk of negative outcomes. Methods Analyses are based on cross-sectional data of 1,061 children (9-13 years, M = 11, SD = 0.9; 52.1\% female) who filled in the WBI scale (WBIS-C). First, ROC analyses were run to identify critical cut-off values of WBI (WBIS-C score) that identify those who are at higher risk for psychosocial problems or eating disorder symptoms (as reported by parents). Second, it was examined whether WBI is more sensitive than the relative weight status in that respect. Third, to confirm that the cut-off value is also accompanied by higher psychological strain, high- and low-risk groups were compared in terms of their self-reported depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem. Results WBIS-C scores >= 1.55 were associated with a higher risk of disturbed eating behavior; for psychosocial problems, no cut-off score reached adequate sensitivity and specificity. Compared to relative weight status, WBI was better suited to detect disturbed eating behavior. Children with a WBIS-C score >= 1.55 also reported higher scores for both depressive and anxious symptoms, higher body dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. Conclusion The WBIS-C is suitable for identifying risk groups, and even low levels of WBI are accompanied by adverse mental health. Therefore, WBI is, beyond weight status, an important risk factor that should be considered in prevention and intervention.},
language = {en}
}
@article{AyBrysonWeckKuehne2022,
author = {Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde and Weck, Florian and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
title = {Can simulated patient encounters appear authentic?},
series = {Training and education in professional psychology},
volume = {16},
journal = {Training and education in professional psychology},
number = {1},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {1931-3918},
doi = {10.1037/tep0000349},
pages = {20 -- 27},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Public Significance Statement This study demonstrates that simulated patients (SPs) can authentically portray a depressive case. The results provide preliminary evidence of psychometrically sound properties of the rating scale that contributes to distinguishing between authentic and unauthentic SPs and may thus foster SPs' dissemination into evidence-based training.
For training purposes, simulated patients (SPs), that is, healthy people portraying a disorder, are disseminating more into clinical psychology and psychotherapy. In the current study, we developed an observer-based rating instrument for the evaluation of SP authenticity-namely, it not being possible to distinguish them from real patients-so as to foster their use in evidence-based training. We applied a multistep inductive approach to develop the Authenticity of Patient Demonstrations (APD) scale. Ninety-seven independent psychotherapy trainees, 77.32\% female, mean age of 31.49 (SD = 5.17) years, evaluated the authenticity of 2 independent SPs, each of whom portrayed a depressive patient. The APD demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .83) and a strong correlation (r = .82) with an established tool for assessing SP performance in medical contexts. The APD scale distinguished significantly between an authentic and unauthentic SP (d = 2.35). Preliminary evidence for the psychometric properties of the APD indicates that the APD could be a viable tool for recruiting, training, and evaluating the authenticity of SPs. Strengths, limitations, and future directions are also discussed in detail.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RisseKruegelBackhaus2022,
author = {Risse, Sarah and Kr{\"u}gel, Andre and Backhaus, Daniel},
title = {Open Education in Methods Training},
series = {Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie},
volume = {73},
journal = {Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie},
number = {3},
publisher = {HOGREFE VERLAG},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {0033-3042},
doi = {10.1026/0033-3042/a000602},
pages = {206 -- 208},
year = {2022},
language = {en}
}
@article{RentzschSchroederAbe2022,
author = {Rentzsch, Katrin and Schr{\"o}der-Ab{\´e}, Michela},
title = {Top down or bottom up?},
series = {Journal of personality and social psychology / American Psychological Association},
volume = {122},
journal = {Journal of personality and social psychology / American Psychological Association},
number = {4},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {0022-3514},
doi = {10.1037/pspp0000393},
pages = {714 -- 730},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Classical theoretical perspectives have implied that either global self-esteem has an impact on domain-specific self-esteem (top-down) or domain-specific self-esteem affects global self-esteem (bottom-up). The goal of the present research was to investigate whether classical top-down and bottom-up approaches could withstand a thorough test. To do so, we applied elaborate analytical methods in a four-wave longitudinal study across 6 years with preregistered hypotheses and data analyses. We analyzed data from N = 1,417 German participants (30.6\% men, median of 12 to 13 years of education) with an average age of 47.0 years (SD = 12.4, range 18 to 88) at intake. Analyses using latent variable approaches for modeling intraindividual change provided evidence of top-down effects only. For example, participants with higher global self-esteem exhibited an increase in performance self-esteem but not vice versa. Our results also provided evidence of "vertical" associations between global and domain-specific self-esteem, that is, parallel development within the same time frame. In addition, the analyses revealed high rank order stability and a substantial trait component in global self-esteem and the self-esteem domains. The present findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the stability and development of self-esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of global and domain-specific self-esteem in personality theory.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MeixnerNixonLaubrock2022,
author = {Meixner, Johannes M. and Nixon, Jessie S. and Laubrock, Jochen},
title = {The perceptual span is dynamically adjusted in response to foveal load by beginning readers},
series = {Journal of experimental psychology : general},
volume = {151},
journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : general},
number = {6},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {0096-3445},
doi = {10.1037/xge0001140},
pages = {1219 -- 1232},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The perceptual span describes the size of the visual field from which information is obtained during a fixation in reading. Its size depends on characteristics of writing system and reader, but-according to the foveal load hypothesis-it is also adjusted dynamically as a function of lexical processing difficulty. Using the moving window paradigm to manipulate the amount of preview, here we directly test whether the perceptual span shrinks as foveal word difficulty increases. We computed the momentary size of the span from word-based eye-movement measures as a function of foveal word frequency, allowing us to separately describe the perceptual span for information affecting spatial saccade targeting and temporal saccade execution. First fixation duration and gaze duration on the upcoming (parafoveal) word N + 1 were significantly shorter when the current (foveal) word N was more frequent. We show that the word frequency effect is modulated by window size. Fixation durations on word N + 1 decreased with high-frequency words N, but only for large windows, that is, when sufficient parafoveal preview was available. This provides strong support for the foveal load hypothesis. To investigate the development of the foveal load effect, we analyzed data from three waves of a longitudinal study on the perceptual span with German children in Grades 1 to 6. Perceptual span adjustment emerged early in development at around second grade and remained stable in later grades. We conclude that the local modulation of the perceptual span indicates a general cognitive process, perhaps an attentional gradient with rapid readjustment.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KawasakiAkamatsuWarschburger2022,
author = {Kawasaki, Yui and Akamatsu, Rie and Warschburger, Petra},
title = {The relationship between traditional and common Japanese childhood education and adulthood towards avoiding food waste behaviors},
series = {Waste Management},
volume = {145},
journal = {Waste Management},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {0956-053X},
doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.020},
pages = {1 -- 9},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Japanese parents and educators teach children to refrain from leaving food in their plates. Their teachings have direct (advising children to refrain from leaving food uneaten) and indirect (meal-related rituals before and after mealtimes) influence in enhancing gratitude for food in daily life.This cross-sectional study aimed to examine 1) the interaction of direct and indirect approaches to avoiding food waste behaviors and 2) the mediation of gratitude for food by preventing such behaviors. Overall, 400 Japanese adults (female: n = 200) responded to a self-administrated anonymous questionnaire survey measuring: the present food waste avoiding behaviors; current gratitude for food; direct and indirect childhood approaches for avoiding food waste behaviors. Participants' mean (standard deviation) age and body mass index were 40.0 (11.6) and 21.9 (3.9), respectively. A significant main effect of the indirect approach and the interaction of direct and indirect approaches were obtained by adjusting the participants' background. Moreover, through mediation analyses with percentile-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals, it was observed that gratitude for food mediated the association between direct and indirect childhood approaches and avoiding food waste behaviors. Despite no information on the current meal-related rituals of the respondents, this study suggests the potential of these approaches in enhancing gratitude for food as a new approach to reduce food waste worldwide.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Spiegel2022,
author = {Spiegel, Thomas Jussuf},
title = {Liberal naturalism without reenchantment},
series = {European journal for philosophy of religion},
volume = {14},
journal = {European journal for philosophy of religion},
number = {1},
publisher = {University of Innsbruck},
address = {Innsbruck},
issn = {1689-8311},
doi = {10.24204/EJPR.2022.3350},
pages = {207 -- 229},
year = {2022},
abstract = {There is a close conceptual relation between the notions of religious disenchantment and scientific naturalism. One way of resisting philosophical and cultural implications of the scientific image and the subsequent process of disenchantment can be found in attempts at sketching a reenchanted worldview. The main issue of accounts of reenchantment can be a rejection of scientific results in a way that flies in the face of good reason. Opposed to such reenchantment is scientific naturalism which implies an entirely disenchanted worldview. However, one of the main problems of scientific naturalism are placement problems. A reenchanted worldview does have the conceptual resources to avoid placement problems, yet seems to throw out the baby (a reasonable appeal to science as an authority) with the bathwater (placement problems). A dilemma results: the Scylla of an undesirable scientific naturalism and the Charybdis of a rampant, seemingly prescientific reenchanted worldview. In this article I argue that there is a safe middle passage between these two options, i.e. the recently proposed liberal naturalism which allows for a moderate normative reenchantment. Liberal naturalism lets us have it both ways: avoiding the placement problems while retaining a necessary and reasonable adherence to science, thereby avoiding both an all-too restrictive scientific naturalism.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BehrendWarschburger2022,
author = {Behrend, Nicole and Warschburger, Petra},
title = {Validation of a German version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2)},
series = {Body image : an international journal of research},
volume = {41},
journal = {Body image : an international journal of research},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {1740-1445},
doi = {10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.020},
pages = {216 -- 224},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is the most current measure of body appreciation, a central facet of positive body image. This work aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of a German version. In Study 1 (N = 659; M-age = 27.19, SD = 8.57), exploratory factor analyses (EFA) revealed that the German BAS-2 has a one-dimensional factor structure in women and men, showing cross-gender factor similarity. In Study 2 (N = 472; M-age = 30.08, SD = 12.35), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further supported the original scale's one-dimensional factor structure after freeing correlated errors. The German BAS-2 also showed partial scalar invariance across gender, with women and men not differing significantly in latent mean scores. As predicted, we found convergent relationships with measures of self-esteem, intuitive eating, and variables associated with negative body image (i.e., weight-and shape concerns, drive for thinness). Correlations with BMI were small and in an inverse direction. Incremental validity was demonstrated by predicting self-esteem and intuitive eating over and above measures of negative body image. Additionally, the German BAS-2 showed internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability. Overall, our results suggest that the German BAS-2 is a psychometrically sound instrument.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MaassKuehnePoltzetal.2022,
author = {Maaß, Ulrike and K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Poltz, Nadine and Lorenz, Anna and Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde and Weck, Florian},
title = {Live supervision in psychotherapy training},
series = {Training and education in professional psychology},
volume = {16},
journal = {Training and education in professional psychology},
number = {2},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {1931-3918},
doi = {10.1037/tep0000390},
pages = {130 -- 142},
year = {2022},
abstract = {There is increasing interest in improving psychotherapy training using evidence-based supervision. One approach is live supervision (LS), in which the supervisor offers immediate feedback to the trainee (e.g., via microphone, text messages) during the session. This review summarizes the research on LS and its main results. The databases Web of Science Core Collection, PsycArticles, PsycBooks, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and PubMed were searched from inception to January 23, 2020 (including a backward search) and updated November 15, 2020. The inclusion criteria (i.e., main focus on LS, immediate feedback from a present supervisor, psychological setting) were met by k = 138 publications, including k = 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; N = 339). Two reviewers independently evaluated the RCTs' risk of bias using the revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Most publications had a family therapy background (59\%), were categorized as nonempirical (55\%), aimed primarily at describing or comparing specific LS methods (35\%), and displayed positive views on LS (87\%). Based on the RCTs, LS was superior to no-supervision in 78\% of all comparisons, but only in 13\% of the cases compared to a delayed supervision (DS) condition (i.e., regarding trainee skills, patient outcomes, or other variables). These results somewhat contradict the overall favorable views in the literature. However, the generalizability is limited due to a lack of high-quality studies and substantial heterogeneity in terms of LS methods, concepts, outcomes, and measurements. Ideas for more systematic research on LS regarding objectives and methods are proposed.
Public Significance Statement This review summarizes research on live supervision (LS). LS is a form of supervision in psychotherapy training in which the supervisor observes the trainee's therapy session and provides immediate feedback. The review concludes that LS is probably as effective as delayed supervision (DS), although more high-quality research is needed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Angerer2022,
author = {Angerer, Marie-Luise},
title = {Nicht-bewusst},
publisher = {Turia + Kant},
address = {Berlin},
isbn = {978-3-98514-019-0},
pages = {119},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Die digitale Aufr{\"u}stung des Sozialen und Psychischen schreitet voran. Social media, verkabelte Infrastrukturen und autonome technische Artefakte bestimmen das Bild einer Gesellschaft, die in immer komplexeren Gef{\"u}gen agiert. Die zunehmende Pr{\"a}senz von nonhumanen Agenten (nicht nur in Film und Literatur), die Entwicklung von smarten Objekten und die sensortechnologische Ausstattung des menschlichen K{\"o}rpers und der Umwelt f{\"u}hren zu Kurzschl{\"u}ssen zwischen humaner und nonhumaner agency, die nicht mehr unbewusst, sondern nichtbewusst sind. Das Unbewusste der Psychoanalyse ist an ein humanes (sprachlich-symbolisch organisiertes) Subjekt gekoppelt, der Begriff »nicht«-bewusst verbindet hingegen technische, mentale und k{\"o}rperliche Prozesse und ist damit nicht mehr ausschließlich dem Menschen zuzuordnen. Doch wie ist dieses ›nichtbewusst‹ zu fassen: ist es etwas Zus{\"a}tzliches, ist es eine neue Zone, die sich zwischen unbewusst und bewusst schiebt, oder wird durch die Unterscheidung von unbewusst und bewusst dadurch insgesamt in Frage gestellt? Manches deutet auf die zweite Entwicklung hin. Denn sp{\"a}testens mit der Kybernetik werden technische und neuronale Prozesse zusammen gedacht. Gilbert Simondon hat die technische und humane Entwicklung als einen Prozess verstanden. Catherine Malabou f{\"u}hrt den Begriff des cerebral nonconscious ein, um das psychoanalytische Unbewusste in ein nichtbewusstes Gehirn {\"u}berzuf{\"u}hren, und N. Katherine Hayles spricht von nonconscious cognition, um das Zusammenwirken von neuronalen und technischen Prozessen zu benennen. Doch all diesen Unternehmungen, die diese (intensiven) Beziehungen von Gehirn und Maschine zu fassen suchen, fehlt ein wesentliches Moment der Verkopplung und psychischen Integration. Hierf{\"u}r wird der Begriff des Affektiven eingef{\"u}hrt, der als technischer Terminus die Bewegungen des Schließens, Unterbrechens und {\"U}bersetzens zwischen human und nonhuman bezeichnet. Dadurch werden die Kurzschl{\"u}sse von psycho-technischen Prozessen als nichtbewusste Taktung von Bewegungs- und Zeitformationen fassbar.},
language = {de}
}
@article{HeinzeWeckHahnetal.2022,
author = {Heinze, Peter Eric and Weck, Florian and Hahn, Daniela and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
title = {Differences in psychotherapy preferences between psychotherapy trainees and laypeople},
series = {Psychotherapy research : the official journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research},
volume = {33},
journal = {Psychotherapy research : the official journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research},
number = {3},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {1050-3307},
doi = {10.1080/10503307.2022.2098076},
pages = {374 -- 386},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Objective: Despite increasing research on psychotherapy preferences, the preferences of psychotherapy trainees are largely unknown. Moreover, differences in preferences between trainees and their patients could (a) hinder symptom improvement and therapy success for patients and (b) represent significant obstacles in the early career and development of future therapists. Method: We compared the preferences of n = 466 psychotherapy trainees to those of n = 969 laypersons using the Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences. Moreover, we compared preferences between trainees in cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic trainees. Results: We found significant differences between both samples in 13 of 18 items, and three of four subscales. Psychotherapy trainees preferred less therapist directiveness (d = 0.58), more emotional intensity (d = 0.74), as well as more focused challenge (d = 0.35) than laypeople. CBT trainees preferred more therapist directiveness (d = 2.00), less emotional intensity (d = 0.51), more present orientation (d = 0.76) and more focused challenge (d = 0.33) than trainees in psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapy. Conclusion: Overall, the results underline the importance of implementing preference assessment and discussion during psychotherapy training. Moreover, therapists of different orientations seem to cover a large range of preferences for patients, in order to choose the right fit.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HeinzeWeckKuehne2022,
author = {Heinze, Peter Eric and Weck, Florian and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
title = {Assessing patient preferences},
series = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776},
pages = {10},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Despite the positive effects of including patients' preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HeinzeWeckKuehne2022,
author = {Heinze, Peter Eric and Weck, Florian and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
title = {Assessing Patient Preferences},
series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776},
pages = {10},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Despite the positive effects of including patients' preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP.},
language = {en}
}
@article{CalvanoWarschburger2022,
author = {Calvano, Claudia and Warschburger, Petra},
title = {Treatment for pediatric functional abdominal pain},
series = {Journal of pediatric psychology},
volume = {47},
journal = {Journal of pediatric psychology},
number = {4},
publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {0146-8693},
doi = {10.1093/jpepsy/jsac011},
pages = {483 -- 496},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Objective While cross-sectional studies underline that child and parent factors in pediatric chronic pain are reciprocally related, so far, little is known on their prospective relationship, especially in treatment contexts. This study aims to analyze directions of influence between child and parental outcomes using data from an intervention study. Methods The sample covered 109 families with children aged 7-13 years diagnosed with functional abdominal pain (FAP). Child outcomes included pain and impairment, and parental outcomes covered caregiver-specific distress including both parental personal time burden (i.e., less time available for personal needs) and emotional burden due to child's pain (i.e., increased worries). Cross-lagged panel analyses examined the directions of the relations between child and parental outcomes across time (pretreatment T1, post-treatment T2, and 3-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up T3/T4). Results First, a significant improvement over time in all measures was observed. Cross-lagged effects were found for less parental personal time burden at T2, predicting both less pain (beta = -0.254, p = .004) and less impairment (beta = -0.150, p = .039) at T3. Higher baseline pain was predictive for higher parental emotional burden after treatment (beta = -0.130, p = .049) and, reversely, for less emotional burden at 12-month follow-up (beta = 0.261, p = .004). Conclusions Addressing parental personal time burden in FAP treatment might possibly support the improvement on the child level. Replication of results in larger samples is warranted to gain more insight into the directions of influence and, in that way, to optimize treatment for pediatric FAP.},
language = {en}
}
@article{EngbertRabeSchwetlicketal.2022,
author = {Engbert, Ralf and Rabe, Maximilian Michael and Schwetlick, Lisa and Seelig, Stefan A. and Reich, Sebastian and Vasishth, Shravan},
title = {Data assimilation in dynamical cognitive science},
series = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
volume = {26},
journal = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
number = {2},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {1364-6613},
doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2021.11.006},
pages = {99 -- 102},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Dynamical models make specific assumptions about cognitive processes that generate human behavior. In data assimilation, these models are tested against timeordered data. Recent progress on Bayesian data assimilation demonstrates that this approach combines the strengths of statistical modeling of individual differences with the those of dynamical cognitive models.},
language = {en}
}
@article{StoneVasishthMalsburg2022,
author = {Stone, Kate and Vasishth, Shravan and Malsburg, Titus von der},
title = {Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles?},
series = {PLOS ONE},
journal = {PLOS ONE},
publisher = {PLOS ONE},
address = {San Francisco, California, US},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0267813},
pages = {1 -- 25},
year = {2022},
abstract = {In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers' predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed […] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music […] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1μV for the N400 and larger than 3μV for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BirkeBondue2022,
author = {Birke, Joseph and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca},
title = {From fantasy to reality},
series = {The journal of sex research},
volume = {60},
journal = {The journal of sex research},
number = {4},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {New York, NY},
issn = {0022-4499},
doi = {10.1080/00224499.2021.2022588},
pages = {558 -- 573},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) have been related to various forms of harmful sexual behavior in both sex offender and community samples. However, more research is needed to fully understand this relation, particularly whether ASF is associated with harmful sexual behavior beyond hostile sexism against women and a sexual preference for violence and sexual violence. In the present study, N = 428 participants (61.9\% women) between 18 and 83 years of age (M = 28.17, SD = 9.7) reported their ASF and hostile sexism. They rated their sexual arousal by erotic, violent, and sexually violent pictures as a direct measure of sexual preference. Response latencies between stimulus presentation and arousal ratings were used as an indirect measure of sexual preference. ASF and the directly and indirectly assessed sexual preference for violent and sexually violent stimuli were positively correlated. They were unrelated to hostile sexism against women. ASF showed the strongest associations with self-reported sexually sadistic behavior and presumably non-consensual sexual sadism beyond these preferences and hostile sexism in the total group and separately among men and women. The findings indicate that ASF and sexual preference are not equivalent constructs and further underscore the potential relevance of ASF for harmful sexual behavior.},
language = {en}
}
@article{EwertHoffmannSchroederAbe2022,
author = {Ewert, Christina and Hoffmann, Cosma Frauke Antonia and Schr{\"o}der-Ab{\´e}, Michela},
title = {Stress processing mediates the link between momentary self-compassion and affective well-being},
series = {Mindfulness},
volume = {13},
journal = {Mindfulness},
number = {9},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Dordrecht},
issn = {1868-8527},
doi = {10.1007/s12671-022-01954-z},
pages = {2269 -- 2281},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Objectives While the positive effects of trait self-compassion on affective well-being are widely known, within-person effects of state self-compassion and underlying mechanisms between state self-compassion and affective well-being have rarely been investigated. The current study aimed at examining whether perceived stress and healthier coping responses are mediators in the relation between momentary self-compassion and affective well-being. Methods A total of 213 participants completed measures of momentary self-compassion, momentary perceived stress, and engagement and disengagement coping responses, as well as affective well-being (i.e., presence of positive and absence of negative affect) via their smartphones. The ambulatory assessment design included three measurements per day (morning, afternoon, evening) for 7 days. Results Multilevel modeling revealed that within-persons, momentary levels of self-compassion were related to momentary levels of stress, coping responses, and affective well-being components. 1-1-1 multilevel mediation analyses were conducted and demonstrated that, at the within-person level, momentary self-compassion was related to more positive and less negative affect via perceived stress and facilitating healthy coping responses. The within-person relations of the original 1-1-1 multilevel mediation could partially be replicated in an alternative model with momentary self-compassion one occasion prior and positive affect. However, the link between self-compassion one occasion prior and negative affect was only mediated by perceived stress. Conclusions This work helps to understand the processes underlying the adaptive effects of momentary self-compassion on momentary affective well-being on a given occasion. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{FatfoutaHeinze2022,
author = {Fatfouta, Ramzi and Heinze, Peter Eric},
title = {Do bigger egos mean bigger presence? Facets of grandiose narcissism and mindfulness},
series = {Current Psychology},
volume = {42},
journal = {Current Psychology},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {1046-1310},
doi = {10.1007/s12144-022-03115-w},
pages = {19795 -- 19807},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Broad sections of the population try to be more mindful, often with quite self-centered motives. It is therefore not surprising that there is growing interest in the investigation of narcissism and mindfulness. Despite theoretical and empirical ties, however, existing research on this association is scarce. In two studies (N = 3,134 and 403) with English- and German-speaking participants, we apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between facets of grandiose narcissism and trait mindfulness. Across both studies and, using different narcissism and mindfulness measures, SEM consistently revealed opposing patterns for agentic and antagonistic narcissism, with agentic narcissism being positively related to trait mindfulness, and antagonistic narcissism being negatively related to it. Findings highlight the necessity to acknowledge the conceptual heterogeneity of narcissism when examining its relationship with trait mindfulness. Practical implications regarding how agentic and antagonistic narcissists might profit differently from mindfulness practice are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{GiraudierVenturaBortWendtetal.2022,
author = {Giraudier, Manon and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Wendt, Julia and Lischke, Alexander and Weymar, Mathias},
title = {Memory advantage for untrustworthy faces},
series = {PLoS one},
volume = {17},
journal = {PLoS one},
number = {2},
publisher = {PLoS},
address = {San Fransisco},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0264034},
pages = {11},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants' memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WendtMorriss2022,
author = {Wendt, Julia and Morriss, Jayne},
title = {An examination of intolerance of uncertainty and contingency instruction on multiple indices during threat acquisition and extinction training},
series = {International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology},
volume = {177},
journal = {International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
issn = {0167-8760},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.05.005},
pages = {171 -- 178},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Individuals who score high in self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) tend to find uncertainty aversive. Prior research has demonstrated that under uncertainty individuals with high IU display difficulties in updating learned threat associations to safety associations. Importantly, recent research has shown that providing contingency instructions about threat and safety contingencies (i.e. reducing uncertainty) to individuals with high IU promotes the updating of learned threat associations to safety associations. Here we aimed to conceptually replicate IU and contingency instruction-based effects by conducting a secondary analysis of self-reported IU, ratings, skin conductance, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data recorded during uninstructed/instructed blocks of threat acquisition and threat extinction training (n = 48). Generally, no significant associations were observed between self-reported IU and differential responding to learned threat and safety cues for any measure during uninstructed/instructed blocks of threat acquisition and threat extinction training. There was some tentative evidence that higher IU was associated with greater ratings of unpleasantness and arousal to the safety cue after the experiment and greater skin conductance response to the safety cue during extinction generally. Potential explanations for these null effects and directions for future research are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{StoneVasishthvonderMalsburg2022,
author = {Stone, Kate and Vasishth, Shravan and von der Malsburg, Titus Raban},
title = {Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles?},
series = {PLOS ONE},
volume = {17},
journal = {PLOS ONE},
number = {8},
publisher = {PLOS},
address = {San Francisco, California, US},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0267813},
pages = {25},
year = {2022},
abstract = {In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers' predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed [...] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music [...] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1 mu Vfor the N400 and larger than 3 mu V for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HahnWeckWitthoeftetal.2022,
author = {Hahn, Daniela and Weck, Florian and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael and Maiwald, Lisa Marie and Foral, Annika and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
title = {Wie erleben Psychotherapeut_innen in Ausbildung ihre Selbsterfahrung?},
series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
volume = {50},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
number = {2},
publisher = {Hogrefe},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1616-3443},
doi = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000626},
pages = {78 -- 89},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Background: Self-experiential work is a central component of psychotherapy training. However, research on this matter has not received a lot of attention. Objective: This study explores the conditions and effects of helpful self-experiential work. Method: We interviewed 14 psychotherapists in training using a semistructured interview guide and applied qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2015). Results: Different characteristics were associated with helpful self-experiential work: characteristics of the instructor (e. g., implementation skills), organization, willingness of the trainees to learn, topics and methods applied, and a sustainable working atmosphere. Among the positive effects reported was the promotion of the trainees' interpersonal competencies. Furthermore, we found some side effects and negative impact (e. g.. exhaustion). Conclusions: We were able to extract conditions that can guide the execution of helpful self-experiential work and the effects of self-experiential work from the perspective of the trainees.},
language = {de}
}
@article{EiserbeckEngeRabovskyetal.2022,
author = {Eiserbeck, Anna and Enge, Alexander and Rabovsky, Milena and Abdel Rahman, Rasha},
title = {Electrophysiological chronometry of graded consciousness during the attentional blink},
series = {Cerebral cortex},
volume = {32},
journal = {Cerebral cortex},
number = {6},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {New York, NY},
issn = {1047-3211},
doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhab289},
pages = {1244 -- 1259},
year = {2022},
abstract = {One of the ongoing debates about visual consciousness is whether it can be considered as an all-or-none or a graded phenomenon. While there is increasing evidence for the existence of graded states of conscious awareness based on paradigms such as visual masking, only little and mixed evidence is available for the attentional blink paradigm, specifically in regard to electrophysiological measures. Thereby, the all-or-none pattern reported in some attentional blink studies might have originated from specifics of the experimental design, suggesting the need to examine the generalizability of results. In the present event-related potential (ERP) study (N = 32), visual awareness of T2 face targets was assessed via subjective visibility ratings on a perceptual awareness scale in combination with ERPs time-locked to T2 onset (components P1, N1, N2, and P3). Furthermore, a classification task preceding visibility ratings allowed to track task performance. The behavioral results indicate a graded rather than an all-or-none pattern of visual awareness. Corresponding graded differences in the N1, N2, and P3 components were observed for the comparison of visibility levels. These findings suggest that conscious perception during the attentional blink can occur in a graded fashion.},
language = {en}
}
@article{D'AscenzoFischerShakietal.2022,
author = {D'Ascenzo, Stefania and Fischer, Martin H. and Shaki, Samuel and Lugli, Luisa},
title = {Number to me, space to you},
series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
volume = {29},
journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
number = {2},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {1069-9384},
doi = {10.3758/s13423-021-02013-9},
pages = {485 -- 491},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Recent work has shown that number concepts activate both spatial and magnitude representations. According to the social co-representation literature which has shown that participants typically represent task components assigned to others together with their own, we asked whether explicit magnitude meaning and explicit spatial coding must be present in a single mind, or can be distributed across two minds, to generate a spatial-numerical congruency effect. In a shared go/no-go task that eliminated peripheral spatial codes, we assigned explicit magnitude processing to participants and spatial processing to either human or non-human co-agents. The spatial-numerical congruency effect emerged only with human co-agents. We demonstrate an inter-personal level of conceptual congruency between space and number that arises from a shared conceptual representation not contaminated by peripheral spatial codes. Theoretical implications of this finding for numerical cognition are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SkowronskiBuschingKrahe2022,
author = {Skowronski, Marika and Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Links between exposure to sexualized Instagram images and body image concerns in girls and boys},
series = {Journal of media psychology},
volume = {34},
journal = {Journal of media psychology},
number = {1},
publisher = {Hogrefe \& Huber Publ. [u.a.]},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {1864-1105},
doi = {10.1027/1864-1105/a000296},
pages = {55 -- 62},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The current study examined the links between viewing female and male sexualized Instagram images (SII) and body image concerns within the three-step process of self-objectification among adolescents aged 13-18 years from Germany (N = 300, 61\% female). Participants completed measures of SII use, thin- and muscular-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance. Structural equation modeling revealed that SII use was associated with body image concerns for boys and girls via different routes. Specifically, female SII use was indirectly associated with higher body surveillance via thin-ideal internalization and subsequent valuing appearance over competence for girls. For both girls and boys, male SII use was indirectly linked to higher body surveillance via muscular-ideal internalization. Implications for the three-step model of self-objectification by sexualized social media are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SkowronskiBuschingKrahe2022,
author = {Skowronski, Marika and Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Women's exposure to sexualized TV, self-objectification, and consideration of cosmetic surgery},
series = {Psychology of popular media},
volume = {11},
journal = {Psychology of popular media},
number = {2},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {2160-4143},
doi = {10.1037/ppm0000348},
pages = {117 -- 124},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Public Policy Relevance Statement TV is full of content presenting women in a sexualized way, with a focus on their sexual appearance and appeal to others. We found that across an age spectrum from 15 to 72 years, the more women watched sexualized TV, the more concerned they were about their body; a link between watching sexualized TV and considering cosmetic surgery was found only for women above the age of 31. Adding to the evidence documenting negative consequences of sexualized media use on young women's body image, this study is a first indicator that these might also apply to women across a broader age spectrum.
Extensive research has documented links between sexualized media use and body image concerns. Previous findings are based largely on female adolescents or young adults, although objectification theory predicts changes of body image concerns with age. Therefore, the current study investigated the link of sexualized TV exposure (STE) with self-objectification and consideration of cosmetic surgery within the framework of objectification theory in a sample of 519 female participants between the age of 15 and 72 (M = 39.43 years). Participants completed measures of STE, appearance-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, body surveillance, and consideration of cosmetic surgery. Structural equation modeling revealed that STE was indirectly linked with consideration of cosmetic surgery via valuing appearance over competence and body surveillance. Age was negatively related to internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance, but did not moderate the links between STE and body image. Older women scored lower on the body-related variables, but the associations between STE and self-objectification were the same across the age spectrum. STE predicted consideration of cosmetic surgery only for women over 31 years of age. Implications concerning the role of age in linking sexualized media to self-objectification are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{GiraudierVenturaBortWendtetal.2022,
author = {Giraudier, Manon and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Wendt, Julia and Lischke, Alexander and Weymar, Mathias},
title = {Memory advantage for untrustworthy faces: Replication across lab- and web-based studies},
series = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {17},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
edition = {2},
publisher = {PLoS ONE},
address = {San Francisco, California, US},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0264034},
pages = {1 -- 11},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants' memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ArkesAbereggArpin2022,
author = {Arkes, Hal R. and Aberegg, Scott K. and Arpin, Kevin A.},
title = {Analysis of physicians' probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events},
series = {JAMA network open / American Medical Association},
volume = {5},
journal = {JAMA network open / American Medical Association},
number = {6},
publisher = {American Veterinary Medical Association},
address = {Chicago},
issn = {2574-3805},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18804},
pages = {10},
year = {2022},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE The probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of the probabilities of the 2 components and therefore cannot exceed the probability of either component; violation of this basic law is called the conjunction fallacy. A common medical decision-making scenario involves estimating the probability of a final outcome resulting from a sequence of independent events; however, little is known about physicians' ability to accurately estimate the overall probability of success in these situations. OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether physicians are able to correctly estimate the overall probability of a medical outcome resulting from 2 independent events. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study consisted of 3 separate substudies, in which 215 physicians were asked via internet-based survey to estimate the probability of success of each of 2 components of a diagnostic or prognostic sequence as well as the overall probability of success of the 2-step sequence. Substudy 1 was performed from April 2 to 4, 2021, substudy 2 from November 2 toll, 2021, and substudy 3 from May 13 to 19, 2021. All physicians were board certified or board eligible in the primary specialty germane to the substudy (ie, obstetrics and gynecology for substudies land 3 and pulmonology for substudy 2), were recruited from a commercial survey service, and volunteered to participate in the study. EXPOSURES Case scenarios presented in an online survey. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Respondents were asked to provide their demographic information in addition to 3 probability estimates. The first substudy included a scenario describing a brow presentation discovered during labor; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the brow presentation would resolve and that the delivery would be vaginal. The second substudy involved a diagnostic evaluation of an incidentally discovered pulmonary nodule; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the patient had a malignant condition and that a technically successful transthoracic needle biopsy would reveal a malignant condition. The third substudy included a modification of the first substudy in an attempt to debias the conjunction fallacy prevalent in the first substudy. Respondents' own probability estimates of the individual events were used to calculate the mathematically correct conjunctive probability. RESULTS Among 215 respondents, the mean (SD) age was 54.0 (9.5) years; 142 respondents (66.0\%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. A total of 168 physicians (78.1\%) estimated the probability of the 2-step sequence to be greater than the probability of at least 1 of the 2 component events. Compared with the product of their 2 estimated components, respondents overestimated the combined probability by 12.8\% (95\% CI, 9.6\%-16.1\%; P < .001) in substudy 1, 19.8\% (95\% Cl, 16.6\%-23.0\%; P < .001) in substudy 2, and 18.0\% (95\% CI, 13.4\%-22.5\%; P < .001) in substudy 3, results that were mathematically incoherent (ie, formally illogical and mathematically incorrect). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this survey study of 215 physicians, respondents consistently overestimated the combined probability of 2 events compared with the probability calculated from their own estimates of the individual events. This biased estimation, consistent with the conjunction fallacy, may have substantial implications for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchulzeMerzThieretal.2022,
author = {Schulze, Susanne and Merz, Sibille and Thier, Anne and Tallarek, Marie and K{\"o}nig, Franziska and Uhlenbrock, Greta and N{\"u}bling, Matthias and Lincke, Hans-Joachim and Rapp, Michael A. and Spallek, Jacob and Holmberg, Christine},
title = {Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic},
series = {BMC health services research},
volume = {22},
journal = {BMC health services research},
number = {1},
publisher = {BMC},
address = {London},
issn = {1472-6963},
doi = {10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3},
pages = {13},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Background The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased work-related strain and psychosocial burden in nurses worldwide, resulting in high prevalences of mental health problems. Nurses in long-term care facilities seem to be especially affected by the pandemic. Nevertheless, there are few findings indicating possible positive changes for health care workers. Therefore, we investigated which psychosocial burdens and potential positive aspects nurses working in long-term care facilities experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study among nurses and nursing assistants working in nursing homes in Germany. The survey contained the third German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Using Welch's t-tests, we compared the COPSOQ results of our sample against a pre-pandemic reference group of geriatric nurses from Germany. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with geriatric nurses with a special focus on psychosocial stress, to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences on work-related changes and burdens during the pandemic. Data were analysed using thematic coding (Braun and Clarke). Results Our survey sample (n = 177) differed significantly from the pre-pandemic reference group in 14 out of 31 COPSOQ scales. Almost all of these differences indicated negative changes. Our sample scored significantly worse regarding the scales 'quantitative demands', 'hiding emotions', 'work-privacy conflicts', 'role conflicts', 'quality of leadership', 'support at work', 'recognition', 'physical demands', 'intention to leave profession', 'burnout', 'presenteeism' and 'inability to relax'. The interviews (n = 15) revealed six main themes related to nurses' psychosocial stress: 'overall working conditions', 'concern for residents', 'management of relatives', 'inability to provide terminal care', 'tensions between being infected and infecting others' and 'technicisation of care'. 'Enhanced community cohesion' (interviews), 'meaning of work' and 'quantity of social relations' (COPSOQ III) were identified as positive effects of the pandemic. Conclusions Results clearly illustrate an aggravation of geriatric nurses' situation and psychosocial burden and only few positive changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-existing hardships seem to have further deteriorated and new stressors added to nurses' strain. The perceived erosion of care, due to an overemphasis of the technical in relation to the social and emotional dimensions of care, seems to be especially burdensome to geriatric nurses.},
language = {en}
}
@article{DeSchrijverFomenkoKraheetal.2022,
author = {De Schrijver, Lotte and Fomenko, Elizaveta and Krahe, Barbara and Roelens, Kristien and Vander Beken, Tom and Keygnaert, Ines},
title = {Minority Identity, Othering-Based Stress, and Sexual Violence},
series = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH},
volume = {19},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH},
number = {7},
publisher = {MDPI},
address = {Basel},
issn = {1661-7827},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19074221},
pages = {19},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Background: Some (minority) groups (MGs) are more vulnerable to sexual violence (SV) exposure than others. Othering-based stress (OBS) may mediate the relationship between minority identification and SV. This study aims to assess the prevalence of SV in different MGs to explore the relationship between minority identification and SV, to investigate whether belonging to multiple MGs moderates this relationship, and to explore OBS SV moderation for different MGs. Method: Through an online survey administered to a nationally representative sample in Belgium, data was collected from 4632 persons, of whom 21.01\% self-identified as belonging to a MG (SI-Minority). SV prevalence was measured using behaviorally specific questions based on the WHO definition of SV. SI-Minority participants received an additional scale on OBS. Results: SI-Minority participants reported more SV victimization compared to the non-minorities. However, this increased risk was not moderated by minority identification but linked to the socio-demographic SV risk markers common to minority individuals. Multiple-minority participants were found more at risk of SV compared to single-minority respondents. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, pan-/omnisexual, asexual, and other non-heterosexual (LGB+) participants were found more at risk than heterosexual participants. OBS was found to be significantly correlated to SV in sexual and gender minorities and in cultural minorities. Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between minority identification, OBS, and SV. Studying both specific and common SV vulnerabilities and outcomes within specific societal subgroups and the general population may inform policy makers when allocating resources to those interventions with the largest societal impact.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ButkovicGalesic2022,
author = {Butkovic, Ana and Galesic, Mirta},
title = {Relationship between COVID-19 threat beliefs and individual differences in demographics, personality, and related beliefs},
series = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {13},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831199},
pages = {8},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Individual differences in demographics, personality, and other related beliefs are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threat beliefs. However, the relative contributions of these different types of individual differences to COVID-19 threat beliefs are not known. In this study, a total of 1,700 participants in Croatia (68\% female; age 18-86 years) completed a survey that included questions about COVID-19 risks, questions about related beliefs including vaccination beliefs, trust in the health system, trust in scientists, and trust in the political system, the HEXACO 60 personality inventory, as well as demographic questions about gender, age, chronic diseases, and region. We used hierarchical regression analyses to examine the proportion of variance explained by demographics, personality, and other related beliefs. All three types of individual differences explained a part of the variance of COVID-19 threat beliefs, with related beliefs explaining the largest part. Personality facets explained a slightly larger amount of variance than personality factors. These results have implications for communication about COVID-19.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KattnerBryce2022,
author = {Kattner, Florian and Bryce, Donna},
title = {Attentional control and metacognitive monitoring of the effects of different types of task-Irrelevant sound on serial recall},
series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance},
volume = {48},
journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance},
number = {2},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {0096-1523},
doi = {10.1037/xhp0000982},
pages = {139 -- 158},
year = {2022},
abstract = {The presence of task-irrelevant sound disrupts short-term memory for serial information. Recent studies found that enhanced perceptual task-encoding load (static visual noise added to target items) reduces the disruptive effect of an auditory deviant but does not affect the task-specific interference by changing-state sound, indicating that the deviation effect may be more susceptible to attentional control. This study aimed to further specify the role of attentional control in shielding against different types of auditory distraction, examining speech and nonspeech distractors presented in laboratory and Web based experiments. To further elucidate the role of controlled processes, we tested whether the detrimental effects of distractor sounds-and their modulation by attentional control-reach participants' awareness. We found that changing-state sound and auditory deviants in steady-state sound equally affected both objective recall performance and metacognitive confidence judgments but did not affect the accuracy of confidence judgments. Most importantly, across four experiments, an increase of task load (visual degradation of the to-be-remembered items) did not reduce either type of auditory distraction. A close replication of the original modulation of the deviation effect by perceptual task load (in an online environment) even revealed a stronger deviation effect at high task load, suggesting that the manipulation may have influenced cognitive load and the ability to control distractor interference in memory. In line with a unitary account of auditory distraction, the results suggest that although both types of distraction reach metacognitive awareness, they may be equally unrelated to perceptual load and the availability of attentional resources.
Public Significance Statement Our ability to hold information in short-term memory suffers in the presence of background sound, but it is unclear to what extent auditory distraction depends on attentional control and metacognitive monitoring. This study reassessed a finding, whereby the diversion of attention by deviant sounds is reduced when the focal task becomes more difficult to process (via perceptual degradation). A series of experiments showed that both the effect of auditory deviants and the interference by changing-state sound is largely resistant to a manipulation of task load, indicating that distraction is not susceptible to attentional control. Nevertheless, participants appeared to be well aware of the detrimental sound effects on performance, as reflected in metacognitive confidence judgments. The findings have important implications for theoretical accounts of auditory distraction, indicating that disruption is attributable to automatic attentional capture, which cannot be controlled despite us being aware of it.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchadVasishth2022,
author = {Schad, Daniel and Vasishth, Shravan},
title = {The posterior probability of a null hypothesis given a statistically significant result},
series = {The quantitative methods for psychology},
volume = {18},
journal = {The quantitative methods for psychology},
number = {2},
publisher = {University of Montreal, Department of Psychology},
address = {Montreal},
issn = {1913-4126},
doi = {10.20982/tqmp.18.2.p011},
pages = {130 -- 141},
year = {2022},
abstract = {When researchers carry out a null hypothesis significance test, it is tempting to assume that a statistically significant result lowers Prob(H0), the probability of the null hypothesis being true. Technically, such a statement is meaningless for various reasons: e.g., the null hypothesis does not have a probability associated with it. However, it is possible to relax certain assumptions to compute the posterior probability Prob(H0) under repeated sampling. We show in a step-by-step guide that the intuitively appealing belief, that Prob(H0) is low when significant results have been obtained under repeated sampling, is in general incorrect and depends greatly on: (a) the prior probability of the null being true; (b) type-I error rate, (c) type-II error rate, and (d) replication of a result. Through step-by-step simulations using open-source code in the R System of Statistical Computing, we show that uncertainty about the null hypothesis being true often remains high despite a significant result. To help the reader develop intuitions about this common misconception, we provide a Shiny app (https://danielschad.shinyapps.io/probnull/). We expect that this tutorial will help researchers better understand and judge results from null hypothesis significance tests.},
language = {en}
}
@article{JohanssenSchoofsKliegletal.2022,
author = {Johanssen, Helen and Schoofs, Nikola and Kliegl, Reinhold and Bermpohl, Felix and {\"U}lsmann, Dominik and Schulte-Herbr{\"u}ggen, Olaf and Priebe, Kathlen},
title = {Negative posttraumatic cognitions color the pathway from event centrality to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms},
series = {Cognitive therapy and research},
volume = {46},
journal = {Cognitive therapy and research},
number = {2},
publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V.},
address = {Dordrecht},
issn = {0147-5916},
doi = {10.1007/s10608-021-10266-w},
pages = {333 -- 342},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Background The centrality of an event indicates the extent to which it becomes a core part of identity and life story. Event centrality (EC) has been shown to have a strong relationship with PTSD symptoms, which seems to be indirectly influenced by negative posttraumatic cognitions (PTC). However, research on this potential mediation and its causal links particularly with clinical samples is limited and essential to derive treatment implications. Methods Pre- and posttreatment data of 103 day-unit patients with PTSD was examined using mediation analyses and structural equation modeling. Results Negative PTC mediated the relationship between EC and PTSD symptoms, partially pre- and completely posttreatment. Within extended longitudinal analyses causal directions of the mediation pathways were not adequately interpretable due to unexpected suppression effects. Conclusions The results suggest that EC may only have an indirect effect on PTSD symptoms through negative PTC. Thus, decreasing negative PTC which are connected to centralized events might be a key element for PTSD treatment. Thereby, transforming the cognitions' valence to more positive and constructive forms could be crucial rather than mere decentralization. Although suppression effects limited causal inferences, they do not contradict the mediation and further indicate potential interactional terms and a transformation of EC.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BorghiShakiFischer2022,
author = {Borghi, Anna M. and Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.},
title = {Abstract concepts: external influences, internal constraints, and methodological issues},
series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action},
volume = {86},
journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Heidelberg},
issn = {0340-0727},
doi = {10.1007/s00426-022-01698-4},
pages = {2370 -- 2388},
year = {2022},
abstract = {There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for external influences and internal constraints on the processing, representation, and use of abstract concepts, like truth, friendship, and number. We highlight the theoretical benefit of distinguishing between grounded and embodied cognition and then ask which roles do perception, action, language, and social interaction play in acquiring, representing and using abstract concepts. By reviewing several studies, we show that they are, against the accepted definition, not detached from perception and action. Focussing on magnitude-related concepts, we also discuss evidence for cultural influences on abstract knowledge and explore how internal processes such as inner speech, metacognition, and inner bodily signals (interoception) influence the acquisition and retrieval of abstract knowledge. Finally, we discuss some methodological developments. Specifically, we focus on the importance of studies that investigate the time course of conceptual processing and we argue that, because of the paramount role of sociality for abstract concepts, new methods are necessary to study concepts in interactive situations. We conclude that bodily, linguistic, and social constraints provide important theoretical limitations for our theories of conceptual knowledge.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MarchewkaTomaszewskaSchusteretal.2022,
author = {Marchewka, Juliette and Tomaszewska, Paulina and Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {Unacknowledged and missed cases of sexual victimization},
series = {Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals},
volume = {48},
journal = {Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals},
number = {6},
publisher = {Wiley-Liss},
address = {New York},
issn = {0096-140X},
doi = {10.1002/ab.22043},
pages = {573 -- 582},
year = {2022},
abstract = {From the beginning of systematic research on sexual victimization, it has been recognized that a substantial proportion of women report nonconsensual sexual experiences meeting the defining criteria of rape in response to behaviorally specific items, but do not acknowledge their experience as rape in response to broad questions about whether they have ever been raped. Recent studies suggest that rates of unacknowledged rape may be as high or even higher among men than among women. This study examined rates of unacknowledged female and male victims of rape and sexual assault by comparing responses to behaviorally specific items of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S) with responses to broad questions using the labels of sexual assault and rape (SARA) in 593 participants (303 women) in Germany. As predicted, more women and men were classified as rape victims based on behaviorally specific items than on the basis of the broad rape item. The rates of unacknowledged rape were about 60\% for women and 75\% for men. The gender difference was not significant. Against our prediction, no significant differences in acknowledgement of sexual assault were found in relation to coercive strategy and victim-perpetrator relationship. Few cases of rape and sexual assault identified by the SARA items were missed by the behaviorally specific questions. The implications for establishing prevalence rates of rape and sexual assault and for comparing victims and nonvictims in terms of vulnerability factors and outcomes of sexual victimization are discussed.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WrightWachs2022,
author = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian},
title = {Adolescents' emotional reactions for not intervening in cyberbullying as moderators in the longitudinal association between witnessing cyberbullying and health issues},
series = {Current psychology},
journal = {Current psychology},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {1046-1310},
doi = {10.1007/s12144-022-03773-w},
pages = {19378 -- 19385},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Not much is known about how bystanders' emotional reactions after not intervening in cyberbullying might impact their health issues. Narrowing this gap in the literature, the present study focused on examining the moderating effects of emotional reactions (i.e., guilt, sadness, anger) after not intervening in cyberbullying on the longitudinal relationship between cyberbullying bystanding and health issues (i.e., subjective health complaints, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm). Participants were 1,067 adolescents between 12 and 15 years old included in this study (M-age = 13.67; 51\% girls). The findings showed a positive association between Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 health issues. Guilt moderated the positive relationships among Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding, Time 2 subjective health complaints, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-harm. Time 1 sadness also moderated the relationship between Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-harm. However, anger did not moderate any of the associations.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KansokDuscheBallaschkKrauseetal.2022,
author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Ballaschk, Cindy and Krause, Norman and Zeissig, Anke and Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig},
title = {A systematic review on hate speech among children and adolescents},
series = {Trauma, violence \& abuse : a review journal},
volume = {24},
journal = {Trauma, violence \& abuse : a review journal},
number = {4},
publisher = {Sage Publ.},
address = {Thousand Oaks},
issn = {1524-8380},
doi = {10.1177/15248380221108070},
pages = {2598 -- 2615},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Little is known about the current state of research on the involvement of young people in hate speech. Thus, this systematic review presents findings on a) the prevalence of hate speech among children and adolescents and on hate speech definitions that guide prevalence assessments for this population; and b) the theoretical and empirical overlap of hate speech with related concepts. This review was guided by the Cochrane approach. To be included, publications were required to deal with real-life experiences of hate speech, to provide empirical data on prevalence for samples aged 5 to 21 years and they had to be published in academic formats. Included publications were full-text coded using two raters (kappa = .80) and their quality was assessed. The string-guided electronic search (ERIC, SocInfo, Psycinfo, Psyndex) yielded 1,850 publications. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and their findings were systematized. Twelve publications were of medium quality due to minor deficiencies in their theoretical or methodological foundations. All studies used samples of adolescents and none of younger children. Nine out of 10 studies applied quantitative methodologies. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies were included. Results showed that frequencies for hate speech exposure were higher than those related to victimization and perpetration. Definitions of hate speech and assessment instruments were heterogeneous. Empirical evidence for an often theorized overlap between hate speech and bullying was found. The paper concludes by presenting a definition of hate speech, including implications for practice, policy, and research.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KleinRoedigerBendauetal.2022,
author = {Klein, Andreas and Roediger, Lukas and Bendau, Antonia and Viohl, Leonard and Ernst, Felicitas and Helbig, Jonas and K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Petzold, Moritz Bruno and Betzler, Felix},
title = {Problem drinking among university students in Berlin},
series = {Journal of American College Health},
journal = {Journal of American College Health},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {0744-8481},
doi = {10.1080/07448481.2022.2080503},
pages = {12},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Objective Problem-drinking among university students is common and poses serious health-related risks. Therefore, identifying and addressing associated factors is important. Participants and methods A large cross-sectional online-survey with 12,914 university students from Berlin was conducted from November 2016 to August 2017. Relative-risk- and correlation-analysis was used to identify factors associated with problem-drinking and regular heavy-drinking. Independent t-tests compared impulsivity and personality traits, chi-square-tests compared drinking motives between risk- and non-risk-drinkers. Results Male gender, tobacco-smoking, illegal substance use, impulsivity and various sociodemographic and psychosocial variables were significantly related to problem/heavy-drinking. Extraversion was a risk, conscientiousness and agreeableness were protective factors. Drinking-motives did not differ significantly between risk- and non-risk-drinkers. Generally, the main drinking-motives were to feel elated, relax and social purposes. Conclusion The identified markers and related problem behaviors may serve as a tool to enhance the identification of student subgroups at risk for problem/heavy-drinking, and hence improve targeted health-intervention-programs.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WrightWachsGamezGuadix2022,
author = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian and Gamez-Guadix, Manuel},
title = {The Role of Perceived Gay-Straight Alliance Social Support in the Longitudinal Association Between Homophobic Cyberbullying and LGBTQIA Adolescents' Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms},
series = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication},
volume = {51},
journal = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication},
number = {7},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {0047-2891},
doi = {10.1007/s10964-022-01585-6},
pages = {1388 -- 1396},
year = {2022},
abstract = {There has been little research attention given to how Gay-Straight Alliances might mitigate mental health consequences associated with experiencing homophobic cyberbullying. To address this gap in knowledge, the purpose of this one-year longitudinal study was to investigate the moderating effect of perceived social support from Gay-Straight Alliances in the relationships among homophobic cyberbullying victimization and bystanding and depressive and anxiety symptoms among 466 LGBTQIA adolescents (M-age = 15.76; 52\% female). The findings revealed that perceived social support was related negatively to homophobic cyberbullying involvement and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Homophobic cyberbullying involvement was related positively to depressive and anxiety symptoms. High perceived social support buffered against the depressive and anxiety symptoms resulting from homophobic victimization and bystanding among LGBTQIA adolescents but low levels and average levels did not moderate these associations. These findings highlight the importance of expanding Gay-Straight Alliances in schools.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BrahmsHeinzelRappetal.2022,
author = {Brahms, Markus and Heinzel, Stephan and Rapp, Michael Armin and M{\"u}ckstein, Marie and Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor and Stelzel, Christine and Granacher, Urs},
title = {The acute effects of mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy young and older adults - A systematic review and meta-analysis},
series = {Acta Psychologica},
volume = {225},
journal = {Acta Psychologica},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {1873-6297},
doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103540},
pages = {1 -- 13},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Cognitive resources contribute to balance control. There is evidence that mental fatigue reduces cognitive resources and impairs balance performance, particularly in older adults and when balance tasks are complex, for example when trying to walk or stand while concurrently performing a secondary cognitive task. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies and performed a random effects meta-analysis to quantify the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy adults. Subgroup analyses were computed for age (healthy young vs. healthy older adults) and balance task complexity (balance tasks with high complexity vs. balance tasks with low complexity) to examine the moderating effects of these factors on fatigue-mediated balance performance. We identified 7 eligible studies with 9 study groups and 206 participants. Analysis revealed that performing a prolonged cognitive task had a small but significant effect (SMDwm = -0.38) on subsequent balance performance in healthy young and older adults. However, age- and task-related differences in balance responses to fatigue could not be confirmed statistically. Overall, aggregation of the available literature indicates that mental fatigue generally reduces balance in healthy adults. However, interactions between cognitive resource reduction, aging and balance task complexity remain elusive.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KuehnePaunovWeck2021,
author = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Paunov, Tatjana and Weck, Florian},
title = {Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder},
series = {BMC psychiatry},
volume = {21},
journal = {BMC psychiatry},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
address = {London},
issn = {1471-244X},
doi = {10.1186/s12888-021-03458-x},
pages = {7},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background Despite the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its precise identification remains challenging. With the Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive-Compulsive Screen (ZF-OCS; 5 or 6 items), a brief instrument is widely available mainly in English. As there is a lack of empirical studies on the ZF-OCS, the aim of the present study was to translate the items into German and investigate the instrument in a nonclinical sample. Methods In two consecutive online surveys, n = 304 and n = 51 students participated. Besides the ZF-OCS, they answered established measures on OCD, depression, health anxiety, general anxiety and health-related well-being. Results Whereas internal consistency was low (α = .53-.72; ω = .55-.69), retest reliability (rt1,t2 = .89) at two weeks was high. As expected, we found high correlations with other OCD instruments (r > .61; convergent validity), and significantly weaker correlations with measures of depression (r = .39), health anxiety (r = .29), and health-related well-being (r = -.28, divergent validity). Nonetheless, the correlations with general anxiety were somewhere in between (r = .52). Conclusions Due to heterogeneous OCD subtypes, the ZF-OCS asks diverse questions which probably resulted in the present internal consistency. Nevertheless, the results on retest reliability and validity were promising. As for other OCD instruments, divergent validity regarding general anxiety seems problematic to establish. Even so, the ZF-OCS seems valuable for screening purposes, as it is short and easy to administer, and may facilitate initiating subsequent clinical assessment. Further studies should determine the instrument's diagnostic accuracy.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BondueBirke2021,
author = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Birke, Joseph},
title = {Links between aggressive sexual fantasies and presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior when controlling for BDSM identity},
series = {International journal of conflict and violence},
volume = {14},
journal = {International journal of conflict and violence},
number = {1},
publisher = {Inst. for Interdisciplinary Conflict and Violence Research, Univ. of Bielefeld},
address = {Bielefeld},
issn = {1864-1385},
doi = {10.4119/ijcv-3777},
pages = {17},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Recent research provides evidence that aggressive sexual fantasies predict aggressive sexual behavior in the general population. However, sexual fantasies including fantasies about the infliction of pain and humiliation, should be frequent and often consensually acted upon among individuals with sadomasochistic likings. The question arises whether sexual fantasies with aggressive content still predict presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior in individuals with sadomasochistic likings, given that BDSM encounters are generally considered consensual. To investigate this question, we conducted a questionnaire survey of sexual fantasies, as sessing the frequency of seventy sexual fantasies involving non-aggressive, masochistic, and aggressive acts. Our sample (N = 182) contained 99 respondents who self-identified as sadist, masochist, or switcher; 44 reported no such identification. For respondents reporting BDSM identification, we replicated a factor structure for sexual fantasies similar to that previously found in the general population, including three factors reflecting fantasies about increasingly severe aggressive sexual acts. Fantasies about injuring a partner and/or using weapons and fantasies about sexual coercion predicted presumably non-consensual sexual behavior independently of other risk factors for aggressive sexual behavior and irrespective of BDSM identification. Hence, severely aggressive sexual fantasies may predispose to presumably non-consensual sexual behavior in both individuals with and without BDSM identification.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Bangeow2021,
author = {Bangeow, Petjo},
title = {Zur Abschaffung des Gutachterverfahrens in der Vertragspsychotherapie - ein Qualit{\"a}tsverlust?},
series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
volume = {49},
journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
number = {1},
publisher = {Hogrefe},
address = {Bern},
issn = {1422-4917},
doi = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000778},
pages = {64 -- 72},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Objectives: This article investigates whether or not the abolishment of the expertise procedure for an outpatient psychotherapy is a reliable quality feature; and whether or not the elimination of this procedure results in a reduction of quality in outpatient psychotherapy. Methods: We conducted a literature research that considered articles written between the years 2000 and 2020 dealing with the expertise procedure as a quality standard of outpatient psychotherapy. In order to discuss the different views of the cited authors, we also refer to further literature. Results: The expertise procedure is not a reliable quality feature of outpatient psychotherapy. The idea that abolishing the expertise procedure results in a reduction of quality in outpatient psychotherapy is not confirmed by the studies summarized.},
language = {de}
}
@article{KuehneMaassWeck2021,
author = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Maaß, Ulrike and Weck, Florian},
title = {Einsatz standardisierter Patienten im Psychologiestudium},
series = {Verhaltenstherapie : Praxis, Forschung, Perspektiven},
volume = {31},
journal = {Verhaltenstherapie : Praxis, Forschung, Perspektiven},
number = {2},
publisher = {Karger},
address = {Basel},
issn = {1016-6262},
doi = {10.1159/000509249},
pages = {152 -- 160},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Hintergrund: Im Rahmen des reformierten Psychotherapeutengesetzes wird eine starkere Praxisorientierung in der klinisch-psychologischen Lehre und in der Prufung psychotherapeutischer Kompetenzen verankert. Hierbei sollen Studierende durch die Interaktion mit standardisierten Patient*innen (SP) therapeutische Kompetenzen erwerben und demonstrieren. Fragestellung: Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, eine evidenzbasierte Umsetzung dieser neuen Lehr- und Prufungsformate zu unterstutzen, indem bisherige Forschungsbefunde zum Einsatz von SP dargestellt und Bereiche, in denen weitere Forschung notwendig ist, aufgezeigt werden. Ergebnisse: Empirische Befunde zeigen, dass SP psychische Storungen authentisch darstellen konnen. Voraussetzung dafur sind beispielsweise die Auswahl geeigneter SP, detaillierte Rollenanleitungen, spezifisches Training, Feedback und Nachschulungen. Auch wenn einige Forschungsfragen, wie zur vergleichenden Wirksamkeit des Einsatzes von SP, noch unbeantwortet sind, lassen sich praktische Implikationen fur SP-Programme in Lehre, Prufung und Forschung ableiten, die in einem Ablaufschema dargestellt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Einsatz von SP bietet gro ss es Potenzial fur die klinisch-psychologische Lehre und Ausbildungsforschung. Um den Einsatz von SP an anderen Standorten zu unterstutzen, werden Beispielmaterialien (z.B. Rollenanleitung) in den elektronischen Supplementen (siehe www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000509249 fur alle Supplemente) zum Artikel zur Verfugung gestellt.},
language = {de}
}
@article{KayserVockWojciechowicz2021,
author = {Kayser, Daniela Niesta and Vock, Miriam and Wojciechowicz, Anna Aleksandra},
title = {Example of best practice},
series = {Intercultural education},
volume = {32},
journal = {Intercultural education},
number = {1},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {1467-5986},
doi = {10.1080/14675986.2021.1851513},
pages = {108 -- 118},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The Refugee Teachers Program, established at the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg, in 2016, represents a successful model for training and integrating individuals with foreign teaching qualifications through an 18-month teaching and language course. Initially created to help meet the demand for teachers in Germany, the Refugee Teachers Program has been further refined over the course of the last three years in the light of expert meetings, theoretical considerations, and negotiations with the Brandenburg Ministry of Education. This was the first program of its kind in Germany, following an influx of people being forced to migrate from countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq in 2015. The program responded to these international events by providing training, work, and refuge for migrants who already had teaching experience in their home countries. More than 85 participants successfully completed the program and many have taken up newly created positions as teachers and pedagogical assistants in German schools. However, a number of hurdles still remain before most of the program's graduates can be granted full employment as teachers in Germany.},
language = {en}
}
@article{Malesza2021,
author = {Malesza, Marta},
title = {The reduced discounting inventory},
series = {Current psychology},
volume = {40},
journal = {Current psychology},
number = {2},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {1046-1310},
pages = {545 -- 552},
year = {2021},
abstract = {In two studies, the aim of this research was to develop and validate a Polish version of the reduced Discounting Inventory. In Study 1 (N = 623) items extraction from the 48-item DI was based upon item-total correlation and items with highest coefficients were considered. The reduced Discounting Inventory resulted in sixteen items. Cronbach's a coefficient was .78, and the item-total correlations ranged between .59 and .77. The correlation between Polish versions of reduced Discounting Inventory and longer 48-item Discounting Inventory was .85. Next, the reduced Discounting Inventory was evaluated in terms of factorial and construct validity. The structure of the instrument was analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses procedure. It indicated that the four-factor structure had the best fit to the data. Additionally, we show that this reduced Discounting Inventory closely parallels the longer 48-item inventory its relation to traditional discounting measures using pairs of hypothetical choices (expect for the delay discounting subscale). Finally, in study 2, the test-retest reliability of the reduced Discounting Inventory over a 3-month interval was assessed (247 subjects of the 623 individuals who participated in Study 1). Results indicated good stability of the reduced measure (>= .88). It is concluded that the reduced Discounting Inventory has notable psychometric properties and that it can serve as an alternative measure of discounting when situations do not allow the use of longer inventories.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RoseGroegerHoelzle2021,
author = {Rose, Robert and Groeger, Lars and H{\"o}lzle, Katharina},
title = {The Emergence of Shared Leadership in Innovation Labs},
series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers in psychology},
address = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685167},
pages = {1 -- 13},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Implementing innovation laboratories to leverage intrapreneurship are an increasingly popular organizational practice. A typical feature in these creative environments are semi-autonomous teams in which multiple members collectively exert leadership influence, thereby challenging traditional command-and-control conceptions of leadership. An extensive body of research on the team-centric concept of shared leadership has recognized the potential for pluralized leadership structures in enhancing team effectiveness; however, little empirical work has been conducted in organizational contexts in which creativity is key. This study set out to explore antecedents of shared leadership and its influence on team creativity in an innovation lab. Building on extant shared leadership and innovation research, we propose antecedents customary to creative teamwork, that is, experimental culture, task reflexivity, and voice. Multisource data were collected from 104 team members and 49 evaluations of 29 coaches nested in 21 teams working in a prototypical innovation lab. We identify factors specific to creative teamwork that facilitate the emergence of shared leadership by providing room for experimentation, encouraging team members to speak up in the creative process, and cultivating a reflective application of entrepreneurial thinking. We provide specific exemplary activities for innovation lab teams to increase levels of shared leadership.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BondueBirke2021,
author = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Birke, Joseph B.},
title = {Aggression-related sexual fantasies},
series = {The journal of sexual medicine : basic research and clinical studies in male and female sexual function and dysfunction},
volume = {18},
journal = {The journal of sexual medicine : basic research and clinical studies in male and female sexual function and dysfunction},
number = {8},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {1743-6095},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.006},
pages = {1383 -- 1397},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background: Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) are considered an important risk factor for sexual aggression, but empirical knowledge is limited, in part because previous research has been based on predominantly male, North-American college samples, and limited numbers of questions.
Aim: The present study aimed to foster the knowledge about the frequency and correlates of ASF, while including a large sample of women and a broad range of ASF.
Method: A convenience sample of N = 664 participants from Germany including 508 (77\%) women and 156 (23\%) men with a median age of 25 (21-27) years answered an online questionnaire. Participants were mainly recruited via social networks (online and in person) and were mainly students. We examined the frequencies of (aggression-related) sexual fantasies and their expected factor structure (factors reflecting affective, experimental, masochistic, and aggression-related contents) via exploratory factor analysis. We investigated potential correlates (eg, psychopathic traits, attitudes towards sexual fantasies) as predictors of ASF using multiple regression analyses. Finally, we examined whether ASF would positively predict sexual aggression beyond other pertinent risk factors using multiple regression analysis.
Outcomes: The participants rated the frequency of a broad set of 56 aggression-related and other sexual fantasies, attitudes towards sexual fantasies, the Big Five (ie, broad personality dimensions including neuroticism and extraversion), sexual aggression, and other risk factors for sexual aggression.
Results: All participants reported non-aggression-related sexual fantasies and 77\% reported at least one ASF in their lives. Being male, frequent sexual fantasies, psychopathic traits, and negative attitudes towards sexual fantasies predicted more frequent ASF. ASF were the strongest predictor of sexual aggression beyond other risk factors, including general aggression, psychopathic traits, rape myth acceptance, and violent pornography consumption.
Clinical Translation: ASF may be an important risk factor for sexual aggression and should be more strongly considered in prevention and intervention efforts.
Strengths and Limitations: The strengths of the present study include using a large item pool and a large sample with a large proportion of women in order to examine ASF as a predictor of sexual aggression beyond important control variables. Its weaknesses include the reliance on cross-sectional data, that preclude causal inferences, and not continuously distinguishing between consensual and non-consensual acts.
Conclusion: ASF are a frequent phenomenon even in in the general population and among women and show strong associations with sexual aggression. Thus, they require more attention by research on sexual aggression and its prevention.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MusculusTuenteRaabetal.2021,
author = {Musculus, Lisa and T{\"u}nte, Markus R. and Raab, Markus and Kayhan, Ezgi},
title = {An Embodied Cognition Perspective on the Role of Interoception in the Development of the Minimal Self},
series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716950},
pages = {7},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Interoception is an often neglected but crucial aspect of the human minimal self. In this perspective, we extend the embodiment account of interoceptive inference to explain the development of the minimal self in humans. To do so, we first provide a comparative overview of the central accounts addressing the link between interoception and the minimal self. Grounding our arguments on the embodiment framework, we propose a bidirectional relationship between motor and interoceptive states, which jointly contribute to the development of the minimal self. We present empirical findings on interoception in development and discuss the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self. Moreover, we make theoretical predictions that can be tested in future experiments. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive view on the mechanisms underlying the minimal self by explaining the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self.},
language = {en}
}
@article{BelliFelisattiFischer2021,
author = {Belli, Francesco and Felisatti, Arianna and Fischer, Martin H.},
title = {"BreaThink"},
series = {Experimental brain research},
volume = {239},
journal = {Experimental brain research},
number = {8},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {0014-4819},
doi = {10.1007/s00221-021-06147-z},
pages = {2489 -- 2499},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Cognition is shaped by signals from outside and within the body. Following recent evidence of interoceptive signals modulating higher-level cognition, we examined whether breathing changes the production and perception of quantities. In Experiment 1, 22 adults verbally produced on average larger random numbers after inhaling than after exhaling. In Experiment 2, 24 further adults estimated the numerosity of dot patterns that were briefly shown after either inhaling or exhaling. Again, we obtained on average larger responses following inhalation than exhalation. These converging results extend models of situated cognition according to which higher-level cognition is sensitive to transient interoceptive states.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HodappRabovsky2021,
author = {Hodapp, Alice and Rabovsky, Milena},
title = {The N400 ERP component reflects an error-based implicit learning signal during language comprehension},
series = {European journal of neuroscience},
volume = {54},
journal = {European journal of neuroscience},
number = {9},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {0953-816X},
doi = {10.1111/ejn.15462},
pages = {7125 -- 7140},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The functional significance of the N400 evoked-response component is still actively debated. An increasing amount of theoretical and computational modelling work is built on the interpretation of the N400 as a prediction error. In neural network modelling work, it was proposed that the N400 component can be interpreted as the change in a probabilistic representation of meaning that drives the continuous adaptation of an internal model of the statistics of the environment. These results imply that increased N400 amplitudes should correspond to greater adaptation, which can be measured via implicit memory. To investigate this model derived hypothesis, the current study manipulated expectancy in a sentence reading task to influence N400 amplitudes and subsequently presented the previously expected vs. unexpected words in a perceptual identification task to measure implicit memory. As predicted, reaction times in the perceptual identification task were significantly faster for previously unexpected words that induced larger N400 amplitudes in the previous sentence reading task. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that this adaptation seems to specifically depend on the process underlying N400 amplitudes, as participants with larger N400 differences during sentence reading also exhibited a larger implicit memory benefit in the perceptual identification task. These findings support the interpretation of the N400 as an implicit learning signal driving adaptation in language processing.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ZhouKornherMohnkeetal.2021,
author = {Zhou, Yuefang and Kornher, Tristan and Mohnke, Janett and Fischer, Martin H.},
title = {Tactile interaction with a humanoid robot},
series = {International journal of social robotics},
volume = {13},
journal = {International journal of social robotics},
number = {7},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Dordrecht},
issn = {1875-4791},
doi = {10.1007/s12369-021-00749-x},
pages = {1657 -- 1677},
year = {2021},
abstract = {This study investigated how touching and being touched by a humanoid robot affects human physiology, impressions of the interaction, and attitudes towards humanoid robots. 21 healthy adult participants completed a 3 (touch style: touching, being touched, pointing) x 2 (body part: hand vs buttock) within-subject design using a Pepper robot. Skin conductance response (SCR) was measured during each interaction. Perceived impressions of the interaction (i.e., friendliness, comfort, arousal) were measured per questionnaire after each interaction. Participants' demographics and their attitude towards robots were also considered. We found shorter SCR rise times in the being touched compared to the touching condition, possibly reflecting psychological alertness to the unpredictability of robot-initiated contacts. The hand condition had shorter rise times than the buttock condition. Most participants evaluated the hand condition as most friendly and comfortable and the robot-initiated interactions as most arousing. Interacting with Pepper improved attitudes towards robots. Our findings require future studies with larger samples and improved procedures. They have implications for robot design in all domains involving tactile interactions, such as caring and intimacy.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HilbertWarschburger2021,
author = {Hilbert, Anja and Warschburger, Petra},
title = {Adipositas - Aktuelle Forschung zu Grundlagen und Therapie},
series = {Psychotherapeut},
volume = {66},
journal = {Psychotherapeut},
number = {1-2},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg},
issn = {0935-6185},
doi = {10.1007/s00278-020-00479-x},
pages = {1 -- 2},
year = {2021},
language = {de}
}
@article{RaithHaemmerlingKleinetal.2021,
author = {Raith, Anna-Marie and H{\"a}mmerling, Marie and Klein, Sabrina and Peitz, Diana and Knaevelsrud, Christine and Zagorscak, Pavle},
title = {Selbstwertf{\"o}rderung in der universellen Pr{\"a}vention von Essst{\"o}rungen},
series = {Psychotherapeut},
volume = {66},
journal = {Psychotherapeut},
number = {4},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg},
issn = {0935-6185},
doi = {10.1007/s00278-021-00515-4},
pages = {275 -- 281},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background Eating disorders are prevalent, often have chronic courses and relapses are frequent even after effective treatment approaches. Therefore, prevention is decisive; however, many of the current prevention programs are resource intensive. Internet-based interventions can represent cost-effective and low threshold alternatives but only few approaches have so far been investigated. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an internet-based unaccompanied preventive intervention. Material and methods The intervention was newly developed based on behavior therapeutic techniques and piloted in a group of 200 students using a randomized waiting list control group design. Data on eating disorder-specific pathology (eating disorder examination questionnaire, EDE-Q), self-esteem (Rosenberg self-esteem scale, RSES), and well-being (World Health Organization-five well-being index, WHO-5) were collected before and after the intervention or the waiting period. Data were evaluated based on variance analysis. Results A total of 43\% of participants completed the intervention. Self-esteem increases were stronger in the intervention group in comparison to the waiting control group with large effect sizes (eta(2)(p) p = 0.33). There were no significant differences between the groups for the other variables. Conclusion Unaccompanied online self-help appears to provide a promising approach for improving self-esteem thus contributing to the prevention of eating disorders. Investigations in larger and more heterogeneous groups are necessary in the future to identify possibly present smaller preventive effects.},
language = {de}
}
@article{PeitzSchulzeWarschburger2021,
author = {Peitz, Diana and Schulze, Julian and Warschburger, Petra},
title = {Getting a deeper understanding of mindfulness in the context of eating behavior},
series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking},
volume = {159},
journal = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {0195-6663},
doi = {10.1016/j.appet.2020.105039},
pages = {15},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Purpose: Current research supports the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for maladaptive eating behaviors associated with obesity and eating disorders. To investigate potential underlying mechanisms at work, reliable and valid instruments that allow for an exhaustive assessment of the context-specific construct Mindful Eating (ME) are needed. Therefore, the current work aimed to develop a comprehensive inventory reflecting a wide range of ME attitudes and behaviors: The Mindful Eating Inventory (MEI). Methods \& Results: Study 1 describes the item pool development for an initial version of the MEI comprising various steps (compilation of items, expert ratings, focus groups and think aloud protocols by laypersons). Within Study 2, the factor structure of this initial version was explored in an online sample of N = 828 participants and the item pool was shortened via a sequential process based on statistical and content-related considerations. Exploratory factor analyses yielded a seven-factor structure. This structure could be confirmed within Study 3 on an independent online sample of N = 612 participants using confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion validity was supported by hypotheses-confirming correlations with eating-specific and global health-relevant outcomes. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the MEI is a valid and reliable (in terms of internal consistency and retest-reliability) tool, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of various ME attitudes and behaviors within one parsimonious inventory. It further enabled us to propose a so far missing, initial scientific operational definition of this eating-specific construct, that may help to advance future research and clinical application by clarifying mechanisms of action.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MiklashevskyLindemannFischer2021,
author = {Miklashevsky, Alex and Lindemann, Oliver and Fischer, Martin H.},
title = {The force of numbers},
series = {Frontiers in human neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation},
volume = {14},
journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1662-5161},
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2020.590508},
pages = {16},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The study has two objectives: (1) to introduce grip force recording as a new technique for studying embodied numerical processing; and (2) to demonstrate how three competing accounts of numerical magnitude representation can be tested by using this new technique: the Mental Number Line (MNL), A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM) and Embodied Cognition (finger counting-based) account. While 26 healthy adults processed visually presented single digits in a go/no-go n-back paradigm, their passive holding forces for two small sensors were recorded in both hands. Spontaneous and unconscious grip force changes related to number magnitude occurred in the left hand already 100-140 ms after stimulus presentation and continued systematically. Our results support a two-step model of number processing where an initial stage is related to the automatic activation of all stimulus properties whereas a later stage consists of deeper conscious processing of the stimulus. This interpretation generalizes previous work with linguistic stimuli and elaborates the timeline of embodied cognition. We hope that the use of grip force recording will advance the field of numerical cognition research.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WeckJungaKliegletal.2021,
author = {Weck, Florian and Junga, Yvonne Marie and Kliegl, Reinhold and Hahn, Daniela and Brucker, Katharina and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael},
title = {Effects of competence feedback on therapist competence and patient outcome},
series = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology},
volume = {89},
journal = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology},
number = {11},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {0022-006X},
doi = {10.1037/ccp0000686},
pages = {885 -- 897},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Objective: Therapist competence is considered essential for the success of psychotherapy. Feedback is an intervention which has the potential to improve therapist competence. The present study investigated whether competence feedback leads to an improvement of therapist competence and patient outcome. Method: Sixty-seven master-level clinical trainees were randomly assigned to either a competence feedback group (CFG) or a control group (CG). Patients with a diagnosis of major depression (N = 114) were randomly assigned to CFG or CG. Treatment included 20 individual sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). In CFG, therapists received, parallel to the treatment, five competence feedbacks, based on videotaped therapy sessions. Independent raters assessed therapist competence with the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS) and provided the competence feedback. Patient outcome was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and therapeutic alliance (Helping Alliance Questionnaire [HAQ]) from both therapist's (HAQ-T) and patient's (HAQ-P) perspective were evaluated after each of the 20 sessions. Results: (a) Therapist competence (CTS) increased significantly more for CFG than CG. (b) Depression (BDI-II) decreased significantly across sessions for both groups, but without evidence for a group-differential benefit for the CFG. (c) Therapeutic alliance (HAQ-T/P) increased significantly across sessions for both groups from both perspectives, but without group differences. (d) There is a positive effect of BDI-II on CTS at the beginning and a negative effect of CTS on BDI-II at the end of therapy. Conclusion: Competence feedback improves therapists' independently rated competence, but there is no evidence that competence feedback in CBT leads to better outcome. What is the public health significance of this article? This study suggests the substantial value of systematic competence feedback for improving therapist competence in the psychotherapy of depression. No significant effect of competence feedback on the reduction of reported depressive symptoms was found.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HyoenaeHeikkilaeVainioetal.2021,
author = {Hy{\"o}n{\"a}, Jukka and Heikkil{\"a}, Timo T. and Vainio, Seppo and Kliegl, Reinhold},
title = {Parafoveal access to word stem during reading},
series = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science},
volume = {208},
journal = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {0010-0277},
doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104547},
pages = {13},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Previous studies (Hyona, Yan, \& Vainio, 2018; Yan et al., 2014) have demonstrated that in morphologically rich languages a word's morphological status is processed parafoveally to be used in modulating saccadic programming in reading. In the present parafoveal preview study conducted in Finnish, we examined the exact nature of this effect by comparing reading of morphologically complex words (a stem + two suffixes) to that of monomorphemic words. In the preview-change condition, the final 3-4 letters were replaced with other letters making the target word a pseudoword; for suffixed words, the word stem remained intact but the suffix information was unavailable; for monomorphemic words, only part of the stem was parafoveally available. Three alternative predictions were put forth. According to the first alternative, the morphological effect in initial fixation location is due to parafoveally perceiving the suffix as a highly frequent letter cluster and then adjusting the saccade program to land closer to the word beginning for suffixed than monomorphemic words. The second alternative, the processing difficulty hypothesis, assumes a morphological complexity effect: suffixed words are more complex than monomorphemic words. Therefore, the attentional window is narrower and the saccade is shorter. The third alternative posits that the effect reflects parafoveal access to the word's stem. The results for the initial fixation location and fixation durations were consistent with the parafoveal stem-access view.},
language = {en}
}
@article{MillerSchwarz2021,
author = {Miller, Jeff and Schwarz, Wolfgang},
title = {Delta plots for conflict tasks},
series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
volume = {28},
journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
number = {6},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {1069-9384},
doi = {10.3758/s13423-021-01900-5},
pages = {1776 -- 1795},
year = {2021},
abstract = {We describe a mathematically simple yet precise model of activation suppression that can explain the negative-going delta plots often observed in standard Simon tasks. The model postulates a race between the identification of the relevant stimulus attribute and the suppression of irrelevant location-based activation, with the irrelevant activation only having an effect if the irrelevant activation is still present at the moment when central processing of the relevant attribute starts. The model can be fitted by maximum likelihood to observed distributions of RTs in congruent and incongruent trials, and it provides good fits to two previously-reported data sets with plausible parameter values. R and MATLAB software for use with the model is provided.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HoferichterKulakowHufenbach2021,
author = {Hoferichter, Frances and Kulakow, Stefan and Hufenbach, Miriam Catrin},
title = {Support from parents, peers, and teachers is differently associated with middle school students' well-being},
series = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers Media},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.758226},
pages = {12},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Parents, peers, and teachers provide a powerful context for school students' well-being. However, a detailed and systematic analysis of how parental, peer, and teacher support relate to students' well-being, measured by the dimensions self-worth, psychological and physical well-being, is still missing. To address this research gap, the following study investigates 733 adolescent German students from grades 7 and 8 (M-age = 13.97, SD = 0.41, 52\% girls) with respect to their perceived supportive relationships at home and within the school context. The study considers gender, socioeconomic status, and school form as potential confounders. The results of the structural equation model, analyzed with the statistical software R, indicate that perceived teacher support was positively related to students' self-worth and physical well-being, while peer support was related to psychological well-being. Students who perceived their parents as supportive reported higher well-being with respect to all three dimensions investigated.},
language = {en}
}
@article{FelisattiFischerKulkovaetal.2021,
author = {Felisatti, Arianna and Fischer, Martin H. and Kulkova, Elena and K{\"u}hne, Katharina and Michirev, Alexej},
title = {Separation/connection procedures},
series = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary},
volume = {44},
journal = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary},
publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
address = {New York},
issn = {1469-1825},
doi = {10.1017/S0140525X20000461},
pages = {2},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Lee and Schwarz (L\&S) suggest that separation is the grounded procedure underlying cleansing effects in different psychological domains. Here, we interpret L\&S's account from a hierarchical view of cognition that considers the influence of physical properties and sensorimotor constraints on mental representations. This approach allows theoretical integration and generalization of L\&S's account to the domain of formal quantitative reasoning.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HahnWeckWitthoeftetal.2021,
author = {Hahn, Daniela and Weck, Florian and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
title = {Assessment of counseling self-efficacy},
series = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780088},
pages = {10},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background: Many authors regard counseling self-efficacy (CSE) as important in therapist development and training. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the German version of the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales-Revised (CASES-R). Method: The sample consisted of 670 German psychotherapy trainees, who completed an online survey. We examined the factor structure by applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to the instrument as a whole. Results: A bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling model with one general and five specific factors provided the best fit to the data. Omega hierarchical coefficients indicated optimal reliability for the general factor, acceptable reliability for the Action Skills-Revised (AS-R) factor, and insufficient estimates for the remaining factors. The CASES-R scales yielded significant correlations with related measures, but also with therapeutic orientations. Conclusion: We found support for the reliability and validity of the German CASES-R. However, the subdomains (except AS-R) should be interpreted with caution, and we do not recommend the CASES-R for comparisons between psychotherapeutic orientations.},
language = {en}
}
@article{LindborgAndersen2021,
author = {Lindborg, Alma and Andersen, Tobias S.},
title = {Bayesian binding and fusion models explain illusion and enhancement effects in audiovisual speech perception},
series = {PLoS one},
volume = {16},
journal = {PLoS one},
number = {2},
publisher = {PLoS},
address = {San Fransisco},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0246986},
pages = {18},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Speech is perceived with both the ears and the eyes. Adding congruent visual speech improves the perception of a faint auditory speech stimulus, whereas adding incongruent visual speech can alter the perception of the utterance. The latter phenomenon is the case of the McGurk illusion, where an auditory stimulus such as e.g. "ba" dubbed onto a visual stimulus such as "ga" produces the illusion of hearing "da". Bayesian models of multisensory perception suggest that both the enhancement and the illusion case can be described as a two-step process of binding (informed by prior knowledge) and fusion (informed by the information reliability of each sensory cue). However, there is to date no study which has accounted for how they each contribute to audiovisual speech perception. In this study, we expose subjects to both congruent and incongruent audiovisual speech, manipulating the binding and the fusion stages simultaneously. This is done by varying both temporal offset (binding) and auditory and visual signal-to-noise ratio (fusion). We fit two Bayesian models to the behavioural data and show that they can both account for the enhancement effect in congruent audiovisual speech, as well as the McGurk illusion. This modelling approach allows us to disentangle the effects of binding and fusion on behavioural responses. Moreover, we find that these models have greater predictive power than a forced fusion model. This study provides a systematic and quantitative approach to measuring audiovisual integration in the perception of the McGurk illusion as well as congruent audiovisual speech, which we hope will inform future work on audiovisual speech perception.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WoodShakiFischer2021,
author = {Wood, Danielle and Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.},
title = {Turn the beat around: Commentary on "Slow and fast beat sequences are represented differently through space" (De Tommaso \& Prpic, 2020, in Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics)},
series = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
volume = {83},
journal = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
number = {4},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {1943-3921},
doi = {10.3758/s13414-021-02247-8},
pages = {1518 -- 1521},
year = {2021},
abstract = {There has been increasing interest in the spatial mapping of various perceptual and cognitive magnitudes, such as expanding the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect into domains outside of numerical cognition. Recently, De Tommaso and Prpic (Attention, Perception, \& Psychophysics, 82, 2765-2773, 2020) reported in this journal that only fast tempos over 104 beats per minute have spatial associations, with more right-sided associations and faster responses for faster tempos. After discussing the role of perceived loudness and possible response strategies, we propose and recommend methodological improvements for further research.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HodappGrimm2021,
author = {Hodapp, Alice and Grimm, Sabine},
title = {Neural signatures of temporal regularity and recurring patterns in random tonal sound sequences},
series = {European journal of neuroscience : EJN / European Neuroscience Association},
volume = {53},
journal = {European journal of neuroscience : EJN / European Neuroscience Association},
number = {8},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {0953-816X},
doi = {10.1111/ejn.15123},
pages = {2740 -- 2754},
year = {2021},
abstract = {The auditory system is highly sensitive to recurring patterns in the acoustic input - even in otherwise unstructured material, such as white noise or random tonal sequences. Electroencephalography (EEG) research revealed a characteristic negative potential to periodically recurring auditory patterns - a response, which has been interpreted as memory trace-related and specific, rather than as a sign of periodicity-driven entrainment. Here, we aim to disentangle these two possible contributions by investigating the influence of a periodic sound sequence's inherent temporal regularity on event-related potentials. Participants were presented continuous sequences of short tones of random pitch, with some sequences containing a recurring pattern, and asked to indicate whether they heard a repetition. Patterns were either spaced equally across the random sequence (isochronous condition) or with a temporal jitter (jittered condition), which enabled us to differentiate between event-related potentials (and thus processing operations associated with a memory trace for a repeated pattern) and the periodic nature of the repetitions. A negative recurrence-related component could be observed independently of temporal regularity, was pattern-specific, and modulated by across trial repetition of the pattern. Critically, isochronous pattern repetition induced an additional early periodicity-related positive component, which started to build up already before the pattern onset and which was elicited undampedly even when the repeated pattern was occasionally not presented. This positive component likely reflects a sensory driven entrainment process that could be the foundation of a behavioural benefit in detecting temporally regular repetitions.},
language = {en}
}
@article{TsengLaubrockBateman2021,
author = {Tseng, Chiao-I and Laubrock, Jochen and Bateman, John A.},
title = {The impact of multimodal cohesion on attention and interpretation in film},
series = {Discourse, context \& media},
volume = {44},
journal = {Discourse, context \& media},
publisher = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {2211-6958},
doi = {10.1016/j.dcm.2021.100544},
pages = {15},
year = {2021},
abstract = {This article presents results of an exploratory investigation combining multimodal cohesion analysis and eye-tracking studies. Multimodal cohesion, as a tool of multimodal discourse analysis, goes beyond lin-guistic cohesive mechanisms to enable the construction of cross-modal discourse structures that system-atically relate technical details of audio, visual and verbal modalities. Patterns of multimodal cohesion from these discourse structures were used to design eye-tracking experiments and questionnaires in order to empirically investigate how auditory and visual cohesive cues affect attention and comprehen-sion. We argue that the cross-modal structures of cohesion revealed by our method offer a strong methodology for addressing empirical questions concerning viewers' comprehension of narrative settings and the comparative salience of visual, verbal and audio cues. Analyses are presented of the beginning of Hitchcock's The Birds (1963) and a sketch from Monty Python filmed in 1971. Our approach balances the narrative-based issue of how narrative elements in film guide meaning interpretation and the recipient -based question of where a film viewer's attention is directed during viewing and how this affects comprehension.},
language = {en}
}
@article{WeymarZaehle2021,
author = {Weymar, Mathias and Z{\"a}hle, Tino},
title = {Editorial: New frontiers in noninvasive brain stimulation},
series = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694723},
pages = {2},
year = {2021},
language = {en}
}
@article{EngbertRabeKliegletal.2021,
author = {Engbert, Ralf and Rabe, Maximilian Michael and Kliegl, Reinhold and Reich, Sebastian},
title = {Sequential data assimilation of the stochastic SEIR epidemic model for regional COVID-19 dynamics},
series = {Bulletin of mathematical biology : official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology},
volume = {83},
journal = {Bulletin of mathematical biology : official journal of the Society for Mathematical Biology},
number = {1},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {New York},
issn = {0092-8240},
doi = {10.1007/s11538-020-00834-8},
pages = {16},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Newly emerging pandemics like COVID-19 call for predictive models to implement precisely tuned responses to limit their deep impact on society. Standard epidemic models provide a theoretically well-founded dynamical description of disease incidence. For COVID-19 with infectiousness peaking before and at symptom onset, the SEIR model explains the hidden build-up of exposed individuals which creates challenges for containment strategies. However, spatial heterogeneity raises questions about the adequacy of modeling epidemic outbreaks on the level of a whole country. Here, we show that by applying sequential data assimilation to the stochastic SEIR epidemic model, we can capture the dynamic behavior of outbreaks on a regional level. Regional modeling, with relatively low numbers of infected and demographic noise, accounts for both spatial heterogeneity and stochasticity. Based on adapted models, short-term predictions can be achieved. Thus, with the help of these sequential data assimilation methods, more realistic epidemic models are within reach.},
language = {en}
}
@article{VenturaBortWirknerWendtetal.2021,
author = {Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Wirkner, Janine and Wendt, Julia and Hamm, Alfons O. and Weymar, Mathias},
title = {Establishment of emotional memories is mediated by vagal nerve activation},
series = {The journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
volume = {41},
journal = {The journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
number = {36},
publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
address = {Washington, DC},
issn = {1529-2401},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2329-20.2021},
pages = {7636 -- 7648},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Emotional memories are better remembered than neutral ones, but the mechanisms leading to this memory bias are not well under-stood in humans yet. Based on animal research, it is suggested that the memory-enhancing effect of emotion is based on central nor-adrenergic release, which is triggered by afferent vagal nerve activation. To test the causal link between vagus nerve activation and emotional memory in humans, we applied continuous noninvasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) during exposure to emotional arousing and neutral scenes and tested subsequent, long-term recognition memory after 1 week. We found that taVNS, compared with sham, increased recollection-based memory performance for emotional, but not neutral, material. These findings were complemented by larger recollection-related brain potentials (parietal ERP Old/New effect) during retrieval of emotional scenes encoded under taVNS, compared with sham. Furthermore, brain potentials recorded during encoding also revealed that taVNS facilitated early attentional discrimination between emotional and neutral scenes. Extending animal research, our behavioral and neu-ral findings confirm a modulatory influence of the vagus nerve in emotional memory formation in humans.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SeeligRisseEngbert2021,
author = {Seelig, Stefan and Risse, Sarah and Engbert, Ralf},
title = {Predictive modeling of parafoveal information processing during reading},
series = {Scientific Reports},
volume = {11},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
address = {Berlin},
issn = {2045-2322},
pages = {9},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Skilled reading requires information processing of the fixated and the not-yet-fixated words to generate precise control of gaze. Over the last 30 years, experimental research provided evidence that word processing is distributed across the perceptual span, which permits recognition of the fixated (foveal) word as well as preview of parafoveal words to the right of fixation. However, theoretical models have been unable to differentiate the specific influences of foveal and parafoveal information on saccade control. Here we show how parafoveal word difficulty modulates spatial and temporal control of gaze in a computational model to reproduce experimental results. In a fully Bayesian framework, we estimated model parameters for different models of parafoveal processing and carried out large-scale predictive simulations and model comparisons for a gaze-contingent reading experiment. We conclude that mathematical modeling of data from gaze-contingent experiments permits the precise identification of pathways from parafoveal information processing to gaze control, uncovering potential mechanisms underlying the parafoveal contribution to eye-movement control.},
language = {en}
}
@article{EwertVaterSchroederAbe2021,
author = {Ewert, Christina and Vater, Annika and Schr{\"o}der-Ab{\´e}, Michela},
title = {Self-compassion and coping},
series = {Mindfulness},
volume = {12},
journal = {Mindfulness},
number = {5},
publisher = {Springer},
address = {Dordrecht},
issn = {1868-8527},
doi = {10.1007/s12671-020-01563-8},
pages = {1063 -- 1077},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Objectives: Self-compassion, a positive and caring attitude toward oneself, has been identified as an important correlate of coping in stressful situations. High self-compassion is related to higher use of adaptive and less maladaptive coping in demanding or painful situations. However, estimates of these relations in terms of specific adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies have remained inconclusive. Therefore, the present meta-analysis investigates the relation between self-compassion and different forms of adaptive and maladaptive coping. It also takes into account potential moderators such as age, gender, and regional background. Methods: A systematic literature search resulted in k = 136 samples with an overall sample size of N = 38,913. Random-effects models were used to integrate the z-transformed Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Analyses yielded a positive correlation between self-compassion and adaptive coping (r = .306) and a negative correlation between self-compassion and maladaptive coping (r = - .500). The association of self-compassion with emotional approach coping was positive (r = .340), as was the association with problem-focused coping (r = .205). Participants' age appeared to be a significant moderator of the relation between self-compassion and coping. Conclusions: Self-compassion is important for understanding the mechanisms involved in coping with stress and demanding life events. The size and direction of correlations depend on the coping strategies considered, with protective effects of self-compassion with respect to maladaptive coping being the most pronounced. Further research should examine the relation between self-compassion and coping in more detail and focus on additional moderators.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SeeligRisseEngbert2021,
author = {Seelig, Stefan and Risse, Sarah and Engbert, Ralf},
title = {Predictive modeling of parafoveal information processing during reading},
series = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
journal = {Scientific reports},
number = {1},
publisher = {Nature Portfolio},
address = {Berlin},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-92140-z},
pages = {9},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Skilled reading requires information processing of the fixated and the not-yet-fixated words to generate precise control of gaze. Over the last 30 years, experimental research provided evidence that word processing is distributed across the perceptual span, which permits recognition of the fixated (foveal) word as well as preview of parafoveal words to the right of fixation. However, theoretical models have been unable to differentiate the specific influences of foveal and parafoveal information on saccade control. Here we show how parafoveal word difficulty modulates spatial and temporal control of gaze in a computational model to reproduce experimental results. In a fully Bayesian framework, we estimated model parameters for different models of parafoveal processing and carried out large-scale predictive simulations and model comparisons for a gaze-contingent reading experiment. We conclude that mathematical modeling of data from gaze-contingent experiments permits the precise identification of pathways from parafoveal information processing to gaze control, uncovering potential mechanisms underlying the parafoveal contribution to eye-movement control.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchulzSchoellgenWendscheetal.2021,
author = {Schulz, Anika D. and Sch{\"o}llgen, Ina and Wendsche, Johannes and Fay, Doris and Wegge, J{\"u}rgen},
title = {The dynamics of social stressors and detachment},
series = {International journal of stress management},
volume = {28},
journal = {International journal of stress management},
number = {3},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {1072-5245},
doi = {10.1037/str0000216},
pages = {207 -- 219},
year = {2021},
abstract = {This study examines the long-term dynamics of social stressors at work, psychological detachment, and their impact on employee well-being. Previous research has shown that social stressors are detrimental for employee well-being and the ability to mentally detach from work. However, longitudinal studies in this field are scarce, and typically, they only explore whether the level of stressors, or of detachment, at a given point in time has an effect on outcomes. That stressors and detachment may change over time, and that this change may have an independent effect in the process, has rarely been taken into consideration. Thus, it is unclear to what extent long-term dynamic effects also play a role in these relations. To address this question, we investigated whether change in detachment explains the long-term indirect relationship of change in perceived social stressors with change in emotional exhaustion and mental well-being. Data were taken from a longitudinal study of N = 246 registered nurses with up to 3 measurements over 1 year. Analyses were conducted with latent difference scores using a proportional change model. Results revealed that a decline in psychological detachment mediated the long-term effects of increases in social stressors at the workplace on subsequent change in emotional exhaustion and mental well-being. Thus, our study provides initial evidence for the underlying long-term dynamic nature of relationships among social stressors, detachment, and employee well-being, highlighting the incremental explanatory power of change in social stressors and in detachment, above and beyond their respective levels, in predicting change in well-being.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtFelisattiAsteretal.2021,
author = {Schmidt, Hendrikje and Felisatti, Arianna and Aster, Michael von and Wilbert, J{\"u}rgen and Moers, Arpad von and Fischer, Martin H.},
title = {Neuromuscular diseases affect number representation and processing},
series = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697881},
pages = {13},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) both are rare genetic neuromuscular diseases with progressive loss of motor ability. The neuromotor developmental course of those diseases is well documented. In contrast, there is only little evidence about characteristics of general and specific cognitive development. In both conditions the final motor outcome is characterized by an inability to move autonomously: children with SMA never accomplish independent motoric exploration of their environment, while children with DMD do but later lose this ability again. These profound differences in developmental pathways might affect cognitive development of SMA vs. DMD children, as cognition is shaped by individual motor experiences. DMD patients show impaired executive functions, working memory, and verbal IQ, whereas only motor ability seems to be impaired in SMA. Advanced cognitive capacity in SMA may serve as a compensatory mechanism for achieving in education, career progression, and social satisfaction. This study aimed to relate differences in basic numerical concepts and arithmetic achievement in SMA and DMD patients to differences in their motor development and resulting sensorimotor and environmental experiences. Horizontal and vertical spatial-numerical associations were explored in SMA/DMD children ranging between 6 and 12 years through the random number generation task. Furthermore, arithmetic skills as well as general cognitive ability were assessed. Groups differed in spatial number processing as well as in arithmetic and domain-general cognitive functions. Children with SMA showed no horizontal and even reversed vertical spatial-numerical associations. Children with DMD on the other hand revealed patterns in spatial numerical associations comparable to healthy developing children. From the embodied Cognition perspective, early sensorimotor experience does play a role in development of mental number representations. However, it remains open whether and how this becomes relevant for the acquisition of higher order cognitive and arithmetic skills.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SpinathElsner2021,
author = {Spinath, Birgit and Elsner, Birgit},
title = {How-to f{\"u}r M.Sc. Psychologie-Studieng{\"a}nge},
series = {Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie},
volume = {72},
journal = {Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie},
number = {2},
publisher = {Hogrefe},
address = {G{\"o}ttingen},
issn = {0033-3042},
doi = {10.1026/0033-3042/a000538},
pages = {150 -- 153},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Aufgrund der Neuregelung der Psychotherapieausbildung d{\"u}rften derzeit an fast allen Psychologie-Ausbildungsstandorten die Beratungen {\"u}ber zuk{\"u}nftige Masterstudieng{\"a}nge in vollem Gang sein. Da die Ausgestaltung der Studieng{\"a}nge f{\"u}r unser Fach von großer Bedeutung ist, haben DGPs und Fakult{\"a}tentag zahlreiche Empfehlungen gegeben, die dazu beitragen sollen, dass sich das Psychologie-Studium auch zuk{\"u}nftig an geteilten Standards orientiert. Basierend auf Beratungen in der DGPs-Kommission „Studium und Lehre" stellt der vorliegende Beitrag die zentralen Empfehlungen und Ressourcen in {\"u}bersichtlicher Form zusammen und liefert so ein How-to f{\"u}r die Konzeption psychologischer Masterstudieng{\"a}nge. Gleichzeitig werden die wichtigsten Argumente f{\"u}r die Empfehlungen dargelegt.},
language = {de}
}
@article{KawasakiAkamatsuFujiwaraetal.2021,
author = {Kawasaki, Yui and Akamatsu, Rie and Fujiwara, Yoko and Omori, Mika and Sugawara, Masumi and Yamazaki, Yoko and Matsumoto, Satoko and Iwakabe, Shigeru and Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki},
title = {Is mindful eating sustainable and healthy?},
series = {Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity},
volume = {26},
journal = {Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity},
number = {7},
publisher = {Springer International Publ.},
address = {Cham},
issn = {1590-1262},
doi = {10.1007/s40519-020-01093-1},
pages = {2183 -- 2199},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between mindful eating and nutritional intake, food consumption, and healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary patterns in young Japanese women. Methods: The sample comprised 215 female undergraduates who responded to a two-questionnaire anonymous survey conducted in Tokyo, Japan in 2018 and 2019 from November to December. We measured mindful eating status using the Expanded Mindful Eating Scale (EMES) and used Japanese plant-based dietary indices to determine plant-based dietary patterns. Partial correlation analyses were conducted to determine the correlation of mindful eating with energy and nutrient intake, food consumption, and plant-based dietary patterns, after adjusting for demographics and body mass index. Results: Participants with higher sub-scores in "health of the planet" and "awareness and appreciation for food" ate higher quantities of several micronutrients and plant-based foods and were more likely to have a healthful plant-based dietary pattern. They were also less likely to have an unhealthful plant-based dietary pattern. In contrast, participants with higher scores in "non-judgmental awareness" ate less protein, whole grains, and vegetables, and were likely to have an unhealthful plant-based dietary pattern. Conclusion: This study is the first to show that young Japanese women with normal or lean body weight were more likely to consume healthful plant-based foods when they ate mindfully. Level V: Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KawasakiAkamatsuFujiwaraetal.2021,
author = {Kawasaki, Yui and Akamatsu, Rie and Fujiwara, Yoko and Omori, Mika and Sugawara, Masumi and Yamazaki, Yoko and Matsumoto, Satoko and Iwakabe, Shigeru and Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki},
title = {Later chronotype is associated with unhealthful plant-based diet quality in young Japanese women},
series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking},
volume = {166},
journal = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
issn = {0195-6663},
doi = {10.1016/j.appet.2021.105468},
pages = {9},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background: Having a late chronotype, that is, the tendency to go to sleep and wake up at later hours, influences an individual's physical and mental health. Despite a few studies noting the association of chronotype with healthy dietary patterns, this relationship remains unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the association of chronotype with healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet quality in female Japanese undergraduate students. Design: Cross-sectional. Participants and setting: A total of 218 female university students in Tokyo, Japan. Main outcome measures: Healthful and unhealthful plant-based dietary index-Japanese version (hPDI-J and uPDIJ), calculated using the validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Statistical analyses performed: A five-model stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. Independent variables were hPDI-J and uPDI-J scores, and dependent variables were various lifestyle habits related to the circadian rhythm and demographic characteristics. Results: Mean (standard deviation) sleep duration, midpoint of sleep, sleep latency time, and social jetlag were 411 (60) min, 03:56 (00:57), 21 (27) min, and 50 (39) min, respectively. Chronotype and several variables, such as residential status, energy and alcohol intake, and nutritional knowledge, were associated with healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet quality. Individuals who had higher hPDI-J scores were more likely to have an earlier chronotype (13 = -0.168, P = 0.019) and better nutritional knowledge (13 = 0.164, P = 0.022) than those with lower hPDI-J scores. Individuals were more likely to have higher uPDI-J scores if they were living alone (13 = -0.301, P < 0.001), had a later chronotype (13 = 0.181, P = 0.001), higher frequency of snacking (13 = 0.164, P = 0.019), lower total energy (13 = -0.445, P < 0.001), and worse nutritional knowledge (13 = -0.172, P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study provided new evidence as to the relationship between sleep and dietary habits, the interaction of which may affect women's health.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KwarikundaSchiefeleSsenyongaetal.2021,
author = {Kwarikunda, Diana and Schiefele, Ulrich and Ssenyonga, Joseph and Muwonge, Charles Magoba},
title = {Secondary school students' motivation profiles for physics learning},
series = {African journal of research in mathematics, science and technology education : official journal of the Southern African Association for Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education},
volume = {25},
journal = {African journal of research in mathematics, science and technology education : official journal of the Southern African Association for Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education},
number = {2},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {Abingdon},
issn = {1028-8457},
doi = {10.1080/18117295.2021.1956720},
pages = {197 -- 210},
year = {2021},
abstract = {For efficient and effective pedagogical interventions to address Uganda's alarmingly poor performance in Physics, it is vital to understand students' motivation patterns for Physics learning. Latent profile analysis (LPA)-a person-centred approach-can be used to investigate these motivation patterns. Using a three-step approach to LPA, we sought to answer the following research questions: RQ1, which profiles of secondary school students exist with regards to their motivation for Physics learning; RQ2, are there differences in students' cognitive learning strategies in the identified profiles; and RQ3, does students' gender, attitudes, and individual interest predict membership in these profiles? The sample comprised 934 Grade 9 students from eight secondary schools in Uganda. Data were collected using standardised questionnaires. Six motivational profiles were identified: (i) low-quantity motivation profile (101 students; 10.8\%); (ii) moderate-quantity motivation profile (246 students; 26.3\%); (iii) high-quantity motivation profile (365 students; 39.1\%); (iv) primarily intrinsically motivated profile (60 students, 6.4\%); (v) mostly extrinsically motivated profile (88 students, 9.4\%); and (vi) grade-introjected profile (74 students, 7.9\%). Low-quantity and grade-introjected motivated students mostly used surface learning strategies whilst the high-quantity and primarily intrinsically motivated students used deep learning strategies. Lastly, unlike gender, individual interest and students' attitudes towards Physics learning predicted profile membership. Teachers should provide an interesting autonomous Physics classroom climate and give students clear instructions in self-reliant behaviours that promote intrinsic motivation.},
language = {en}
}
@article{D'AgostiniBurgerFranssenetal.2021,
author = {D'Agostini, Martina and Burger, Andreas M. and Franssen, Mathijs and Claes, Nathalie and Weymar, Mathias and Leupoldt, Andreas von and Van Diest, Ilse},
title = {Effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on reversal learning, tonic pupil size, salivary alpha-amylase, and cortisol},
series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research},
volume = {58},
journal = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research},
number = {10},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
address = {Malden, Mass. [u.a.]},
issn = {1469-8986},
doi = {10.1111/psyp.13885},
pages = {20},
year = {2021},
abstract = {This study investigated whether transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) enhances reversal learning and augments noradrenergic biomarkers (i.e., pupil size, cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase [sAA]). We also explored the effect of taVNS on respiratory rate and cardiac vagal activity (CVA). Seventy-one participants received stimulation of either the cymba concha (taVNS) or the earlobe (sham) of the left ear. After learning a series of cue-outcome associations, the stimulation was applied before and throughout a reversal phase in which cue-outcome associations were changed for some (reversal), but not for other (distractor) cues. Tonic pupil size, salivary cortisol, sAA, respiratory rate, and CVA were assessed at different time points. Contrary to our hypothesis, taVNS was not associated with an overall improvement in performance on the reversal task. Compared to sham, the taVNS group performed worse for distractor than reversal cues. taVNS did not increase tonic pupil size and sAA. Only post hoc analyses indicated that the cortisol decline was steeper in the sham compared to the taVNS group. Exploratory analyses showed that taVNS decreased respiratory rate but did not affect CVA. The weak and unexpected effects found in this study might relate to the lack of parameters optimization for taVNS and invite to further investigate the effect of taVNS on cortisol and respiratory rate.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RabovskySchadAbdelRahman2021,
author = {Rabovsky, Milena and Schad, Daniel and Abdel Rahman, Rasha},
title = {Semantic richness and density effects on language production},
series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition},
volume = {47},
journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition},
number = {3},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {0278-7393},
doi = {10.1037/xlm0000940},
pages = {508 -- 517},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Language production ultimately aims to convey meaning. Yet words differ widely in the richness and density of their semantic representations, and these differences impact conceptual and lexical processes during speech planning. Here, we replicated the recent finding that semantic richness, measured as the number of associated semantic features according to semantic feature production norms, facilitates object naming. In contrast, intercorrelational semantic feature density, measured as the degree of intercorrelation of a concept's features, presumably resulting in the coactivation of closely related concepts, has an inhibitory influence. We replicated the behavioral effects and investigated their relative time course and electrophysiological correlates. Both the facilitatory effect of high semantic richness and the inhibitory influence of high feature density were reflected in an increased posterior positivity starting at about 250 ms, in line with previous reports of posterior positivities in paradigms employing contextual manipulations to induce semantic interference during language production. Furthermore, amplitudes at the same posterior electrode sites were positively correlated with object naming times between about 230 and 380 ms. The observed effects follow naturally from the assumption of conceptual facilitation and simultaneous lexical competition and are difficult to explain by language production theories dismissing lexical competition.},
language = {en}
}
@article{JeglinskiMendeSchmidt2021,
author = {Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A. and Schmidt, Hendrikje},
title = {Psychotherapy in the Framework of Embodied Cognition},
series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-0640},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2021.562490},
pages = {9},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Mental health problems remain among the main generators of costs within and beyond the health care system. Psychotherapy, the tool of choice in their treatment, is qualified by social interaction, and cooperation within the therapist-patient-dyad. Research into the factors influencing therapy success to date is neither exhaustive nor conclusive. Among many others, the quality of the relationship between therapist and patient stands out regardless of the followed psychotherapy school. Emerging research points to a connection between interpersonal synchronization within the sessions and therapy outcome. Consequently, it can be considered significant for the shaping of this relationship. The framework of Embodied Cognition assumes bodily and neuronal correlates of thinking. Therefore, the present paper reviews investigations on interpersonal, non-verbal synchrony in two domains: firstly, studies on interpersonal synchrony in psychotherapy are reviewed (synchronization of movement). Secondly, findings on neurological correlates of interpersonal synchrony (assessed with EEG, fMRI, fNIRS) are summarized in a narrative manner. In addition, the question is asked whether interpersonal synchrony can be achieved voluntarily on an individual level. It is concluded that there might be mechanisms which could give more insights into therapy success, but as of yet remain uninvestigated. Further, the framework of embodied cognition applies more to the current body of evidence than classical cognitivist views. Nevertheless, deeper research into interpersonal physical and neurological processes utilizing the framework of Embodied Cognition emerges as a possible route of investigation on the road to lower drop-out rates, improved and quality-controlled therapeutic interventions, thereby significantly reducing healthcare costs.},
language = {en}
}
@article{SkowronskiBuschingKrahe2021,
author = {Skowronski, Marika and Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
title = {The effects of sexualized video game characters and character personalization on women's self-objectification and body satisfaction},
series = {Journal of experimental social psychology},
volume = {92},
journal = {Journal of experimental social psychology},
number = {1},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {San Diego},
issn = {0022-1031},
doi = {10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104051},
pages = {10},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Female role models in video games are rare, and if they are present, they are often heavily sexualized. Objectification theory suggests that exposure to sexualized media characters increases self-objectification and decreases body satisfaction in female users. This study investigated the effect of playing a video game with a sexualized versus a nonsexualized character on women's experiences of self-objectification and body satisfaction. We further studied the effect of character personalization as a core feature of video games on the relation between sexualized avatars, self-objectification and body satisfaction. N = 262 female participants reported state self-objectification and body satisfaction after 30 min of playing the video game The Sims 4 with a sexualized or nonsexualized avatar that was either generic or personalized to look like the participant. We predicted that controlling for trait self-objectification, playing the game with a sexualized character would increase state self-objectification, especially in the personalized condition. Regarding the effect of character sexualization on body satisfaction, competing hypotheses based on priming vs. the Proteus effect were tested, considering character personalization and enjoyment of sexualization as moderators and controlling for trait body satisfaction. The current study did not find evidence for the proposed hypotheses. The findings are discussed in terms of the relevance of objectification theory in explaining effects of sexualized models in interactive media.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheBerger2021,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Berger, Anja},
title = {Pathways from college students' cognitive scripts for consensual sex to sexual victimization},
series = {The journal of sex research : the publication of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex},
volume = {58},
journal = {The journal of sex research : the publication of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex},
number = {9},
publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
address = {New York},
issn = {0022-4499},
doi = {10.1080/00224499.2021.1972922},
pages = {1130 -- 1139},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Sexual scripts serve as cognitive representations of typical elements of sexual interactions that guide sexual behavior. To the extent that cognitive scripts for consensual sex comprise elements associated with a risk of experiencing nonconsensual sex, they may be indirectly linked to sexual victimization via risky sexual behavior. A longitudinal study with 2,425 college students in Germany (58\% female) examined pathways from sexual scripts for consensual sex, sexual behavior, and sexual victimization over three data waves separated by 12-month intervals. Sexual scripts and behavior were defined as risky to the extent that they include known vulnerability factors for sexual victimization (casual sex, alcohol consumption, ambiguous communication of sexual intentions). Path analyses confirmed that more risky sexual scripts prospectively predicted more risky sexual behavior, which predicted higher odds of sexual victimization. The findings held for men and women and participants with exclusively opposite-sex and both same- and opposite-sex contacts. Moreover, reciprocal influences between risky scripts and risky sexual behavior were found over time, confirming the proposed mutual reinforcement of scripts and behavior. The findings have implications for conceptualizing the role of scripts for consensual sex as vulnerability factors for sexual victimization among women and men and may inform intervention efforts.},
language = {en}
}
@article{KraheUhlmannHerzberg2021,
author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Uhlmann, Andreas and Herzberg, Meike},
title = {The voice gives it away},
series = {Social psychology},
volume = {52},
journal = {Social psychology},
number = {2},
publisher = {Hogrefe \& Huber},
address = {Bern},
issn = {1864-9335},
doi = {10.1027/1864-9335/a000441},
pages = {101 -- 113},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Two experiments examined the impact of voice pitch on gender stereotyping. Participants listened to a text read by a female (Study 1; N = 171) or male (Study 2, N = 151) speaker, whose voice pitch was manipulated to be high or low. They rated the speaker on positive and negative facets of masculinity and femininity, competence, and likability. They also indicated their own gendered self-concept. High pitch was associated with the ascription of more feminine traits and greater likability. The high-pitch female speaker was rated as less competent, and the high-pitch male speaker was perceived as less masculine. Text content and participants' gendered self-concept did not moderate the pitch effect. The findings underline the importance of voice pitch for impression formation.},
language = {en}
}
@article{LohseHildebrandtHildebrandt2021,
author = {Lohse, Karoline and Hildebrandt, Andrea and Hildebrandt, Frauke},
title = {Hypotheses in adult-child interactions stimulate children's reasoning and verbalizations},
series = {Early childhood research quarterly},
volume = {58},
journal = {Early childhood research quarterly},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {New York},
issn = {0885-2006},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.09.014},
pages = {254 -- 263},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Adult-child interactions can support children's development and are established as predictors of program quality in early childhood settings. However, the linguistic components that constitute positive interactions have not yet been studied in detail. This study investigates the effects of hypotheses proposed by adults on children's responses in a dyadic picture-book viewing situation. In 2 experiments, adults' use of hypotheses (e.g., "Maybe this is a dwarf's door") was tested against the use of instructive statements ("This is a dwarf's door") and in combination with open questions ("What do you think, why is the door so small?"). In Experiment 1, hypotheses differed from instructions only by the modal marker "maybe". Children's responses to hypotheses were longer and contained more self-generated explanations as compared to responses to instructions. The use of hypotheses also seemed to encourage children to attach more importance to their own explanations. In Experiment 2, combining hypotheses with open-ended why questions elicited longer responses but no more self-generated explanations in children than openended questions alone. Results indicate that subtle differences in adults' utterances can directly influence children's reasoning and children's contributions to dialogues.},
language = {en}
}
@article{ElsnerAdam2021,
author = {Elsner, Birgit and Adam, Maurits},
title = {Infants' goal prediction for simple action events},
series = {Topics in cognitive science / Cognitive Science Society},
volume = {13},
journal = {Topics in cognitive science / Cognitive Science Society},
number = {1},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {1756-8765},
doi = {10.1111/tops.12494},
pages = {45 -- 62},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Looking times and gaze behavior indicate that infants can predict the goal state of an observed simple action event (e.g., object-directed grasping) already in the first year of life. The present paper mainly focuses on infants' predictive gaze-shifts toward the goal of an ongoing action. For this, infants need to generate a forward model of the to-be-obtained goal state and to disengage their gaze from the moving agent at a time when information about the action event is still incomplete. By about 6 months of age, infants show goal-predictive gaze-shifts, but mainly for familiar actions that they can perform themselves (e.g., grasping) and for familiar agents (e.g., a human hand). Therefore, some theoretical models have highlighted close relations between infants' ability for action-goal prediction and their motor development and/or emerging action experience. Recent research indicates that infants can also predict action goals of familiar simple actions performed by non-human agents (e.g., object-directed grasping by a mechanical claw) when these agents display agency cues, such as self-propelled movement, equifinality of goal approach, or production of a salient action effect. This paper provides a review on relevant findings and theoretical models, and proposes that the impacts of action experience and of agency cues can be explained from an action-event perspective. In particular, infants' goal-predictive gaze-shifts are seen as resulting from an interplay between bottom-up processing of perceptual information and top-down influences exerted by event schemata that store information about previously executed or observed actions.},
language = {en}
}
@article{AdamGumbschButzetal.2021,
author = {Adam, Maurits and Gumbsch, Christian and Butz, Martin V. and Elsner, Birgit},
title = {The impact of action effects on infants' predictive gaze shifts for a non-human grasping action at 7, 11, and 18 months},
series = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {12},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
address = {Lausanne},
issn = {1664-1078},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695550},
pages = {10},
year = {2021},
abstract = {During the observation of goal-directed actions, infants usually predict the goal at an earlier age when the agent is familiar (e.g., human hand) compared to unfamiliar (e.g., mechanical claw). These findings implicate a crucial role of the developing agentive self for infants' processing of others' action goals. Recent theoretical accounts suggest that predictive gaze behavior relies on an interplay between infants' agentive experience (top-down processes) and perceptual information about the agent and the action-event (bottom-up information; e.g., agency cues). The present study examined 7-, 11-, and 18-month-old infants' predictive gaze behavior for a grasping action performed by an unfamiliar tool, depending on infants' age-related action knowledge about tool-use and the display of the agency cue of producing a salient action effect. The results are in line with the notion of a systematic interplay between experience-based top-down processes and cue-based bottom-up information: Regardless of the salient action effect, predictive gaze shifts did not occur in the 7-month-olds (least experienced age group), but did occur in the 18-month-olds (most experienced age group). In the 11-month-olds, however, predictive gaze shifts occurred only when a salient action effect was presented. This sheds new light on how the developing agentive self, in interplay with available agency cues, supports infants' action-goal prediction also for observed tool-use actions.},
language = {en}
}
@article{RabeChandraKruegeletal.2021,
author = {Rabe, Maximilian Michael and Chandra, Johan and Kr{\"u}gel, Andr{\´e} and Seelig, Stefan A. and Vasishth, Shravan and Engbert, Ralf},
title = {A bayesian approach to dynamical modeling of eye-movement control in reading of normal, mirrored, and scrambled texts},
series = {Psychological Review},
volume = {128},
journal = {Psychological Review},
number = {5},
publisher = {American Psychological Association},
address = {Washington},
issn = {0033-295X},
doi = {10.1037/rev0000268},
pages = {803 -- 823},
year = {2021},
abstract = {In eye-movement control during reading, advanced process-oriented models have been developed to reproduce behavioral data. So far, model complexity and large numbers of model parameters prevented rigorous statistical inference and modeling of interindividual differences. Here we propose a Bayesian approach to both problems for one representative computational model of sentence reading (SWIFT; Engbert et al., Psychological Review, 112, 2005, pp. 777-813). We used experimental data from 36 subjects who read the text in a normal and one of four manipulated text layouts (e.g., mirrored and scrambled letters). The SWIFT model was fitted to subjects and experimental conditions individually to investigate between- subject variability. Based on posterior distributions of model parameters, fixation probabilities and durations are reliably recovered from simulated data and reproduced for withheld empirical data, at both the experimental condition and subject levels. A subsequent statistical analysis of model parameters across reading conditions generates model-driven explanations for observable effects between conditions.},
language = {en}
}
@article{EkatushabeKwarikundaMuwongeetal.2021,
author = {Ekatushabe, Margaret and Kwarikunda, Diana and Muwonge, Charles Magoba and Ssenyonga, Joseph and Schiefele, Ulrich},
title = {Relations between perceived teacher's autonomy support, cognitive appraisals and boredom in physics learning among lower secondary school students},
series = {International journal of STEM education},
volume = {8},
journal = {International journal of STEM education},
number = {1},
publisher = {SpringerOpen},
address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.]},
issn = {2196-7822},
doi = {10.1186/s40594-021-00272-5},
pages = {15},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Background Boredom during learning activities has the potential of impeding attention, motivation, learning and eventually achievement. Yet, research focusing on its possible antecedents seems to have received less attention especially within the physics domain. Based on assumptions of the Control Value Theory of Achievement Emotions (CVTAE), this study aimed at examining gender differences and structural relationships between students' reported perceived teacher autonomy support (PTAS), cognitive appraisals (self-efficacy and task value) and learning-related boredom in physics. A sample of 375 (56\% females) randomly selected 9(th) grade students (mean age = 15.03 years; SD = 1.02) from five secondary schools in Masaka district of Uganda took part in the study. Results Data collected from students' self-reports using standardised instruments revealed that higher levels of PTAS, self-efficacy, and task value were significantly associated with lower levels of boredom during physics learning. Females reported significantly greater task value for learning physics than the males. Self-efficacy (beta = - .10, p < .05) and task value (beta = - .09, p < .01) partially mediated the relationship between PTAS and boredom. PTAS showed significant direct negative contributions to boredom (beta = - .34, p < .001). Conclusion These findings provide support for theory and practice about the importance of promoting autonomy among students by adjusting instructional behaviours among teachers of physics. Teacher autonomy supportive behaviours influence formation of students' beliefs about ability, subjective value and learning-related boredom in physics. Implications and suggestions for further research are also discussed in this paper.},
language = {en}
}
@article{HettingerLazaridesRubachetal.2021,
author = {Hettinger, Katharina and Lazarides, Rebecca and Rubach, Charlott and Schiefele, Ulrich},
title = {Teacher classroom management self-efficacy},
series = {Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies},
volume = {103},
journal = {Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies},
publisher = {Elsevier},
address = {Oxford},
issn = {0742-051X},
doi = {10.1016/j.tate.2021.103349},
pages = {10},
year = {2021},
abstract = {This study examined the relations between teacher-reported classroom management self-efficacy, stu-dent-reported teaching quality and students' enjoyment in mathematics. Data were collected from German ninth and tenth-grade students (N = 779) and their teachers (N = 40) at the beginning and the middle of the school year. Multilevel models showed that teachers' self-efficacy at time 1 significantly and positively related to class-level monitoring and relatedness at time 2. Class-level relatedness at time 2 was significantly and positively associated with enjoyment at time 2. Teacher-reported self-efficacy at time 1 was indirectly related to enjoyment at time 2 through relatedness at time 2.},
language = {en}
}
@article{GumbschAdamElsneretal.2021,
author = {Gumbsch, Christian and Adam, Maurits and Elsner, Birgit and Butz, Martin V.},
title = {Emergent goal-anticipatory gaze in infants via event-predictive learning and inference},
series = {Cognitive science},
volume = {45},
journal = {Cognitive science},
number = {8},
publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
address = {Malden, Mass.},
issn = {1551-6709},
doi = {10.1111/cogs.13016},
pages = {26},
year = {2021},
abstract = {From about 7 months of age onward, infants start to reliably fixate the goal of an observed action, such as a grasp, before the action is complete. The available research has identified a variety of factors that influence such goal-anticipatory gaze shifts, including the experience with the shown action events and familiarity with the observed agents. However, the underlying cognitive processes are still heavily debated. We propose that our minds (i) tend to structure sensorimotor dynamics into probabilistic, generative event-predictive, and event boundary predictive models, and, meanwhile, (ii) choose actions with the objective to minimize predicted uncertainty. We implement this proposition by means of event-predictive learning and active inference. The implemented learning mechanism induces an inductive, event-predictive bias, thus developing schematic encodings of experienced events and event boundaries. The implemented active inference principle chooses actions by aiming at minimizing expected future uncertainty. We train our system on multiple object-manipulation events. As a result, the generation of goal-anticipatory gaze shifts emerges while learning about object manipulations: the model starts fixating the inferred goal already at the start of an observed event after having sampled some experience with possible events and when a familiar agent (i.e., a hand) is involved. Meanwhile, the model keeps reactively tracking an unfamiliar agent (i.e., a mechanical claw) that is performing the same movement. We qualitatively compare these modeling results to behavioral data of infants and conclude that event-predictive learning combined with active inference may be critical for eliciting goal-anticipatory gaze behavior in infants.},
language = {en}
}
@article{XieJiaRollsetal.2021,
author = {Xie, Chao and Jia, Tianye and Rolls, Edmund T. and Robbins, Trevor W. and Sahakian, Barbara J. and Zhang, Jie and Liu, Zhaowen and Cheng, Wei and Luo, Qiang and Zac Lo, Chun-Yi and Schumann, Gunter and Feng, Jianfeng and Wang, He and Banaschewski, Tobias and Barker, Gareth J. and Bokde, Arun L.W. and B{\"u}chel, Christian and Quinlan, Erin Burke and Desrivi{\`e}res, Sylvane and Flor, Herta and Grigis, Antoine and Garavan, Hugh and Gowland, Penny and Heinz, Andreas and Hohmann, Sarah and Ittermann, Bernd and Martinot, Jean-Luc and Paill{\`e}re Martinot, Marie-Laure and Nees, Frauke and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Paus, Tom{\´a}š and Poustka, Luise and Fr{\"o}hner, Juliane H. and Smolka, Michael N. and Walter, Henrik and Whelan, Robert},
title = {Reward versus nonreward sensitivity of the medial versus lateral orbitofrontal cortex relates to the severity of depressive symptoms},
series = {Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging},
volume = {6},
journal = {Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging},
number = {3},
publisher = {Elsevier Science},
address = {Amsterdam},
issn = {0006-3223},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.017},
pages = {259 -- 269},
year = {2021},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in depression. The hypothesis investigated was whether the OFC sensitivity to reward and nonreward is related to the severity of depressive symptoms. METHODS: Activations in the monetary incentive delay task were measured in the IMAGEN cohort at ages 14 years (n = 1877) and 19 years (n = 1140) with a longitudinal design. Clinically relevant subgroups were compared at ages 19 (high-severity group: n = 116; low-severity group: n = 206) and 14. RESULTS: The medial OFC exhibited graded activation increases to reward, and the lateral OFC had graded activation increases to nonreward. In this general population, the medial and lateral OFC activations were associated with concurrent depressive symptoms at both ages 14 and 19 years. In a stratified high-severity depressive symptom group versus control group comparison, the lateral OFC showed greater sensitivity for the magnitudes of activations related to nonreward in the high-severity group at age 19 (p = .027), and the medial OFC showed decreased sensitivity to the reward magnitudes in the high-severity group at both ages 14 (p = .002) and 19 (p = .002). In a longitudinal design, there was greater sensitivity to nonreward of the lateral OFC at age 14 for those who exhibited high depressive symptom severity later at age 19 (p = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Activations in the lateral OFC relate to sensitivity to not winning, were associated with high depressive symptom scores, and at age 14 predicted the depressive symptoms at ages 16 and 19. Activations in the medial OFC were related to sensitivity to winning, and reduced reward sensitivity was associated with concurrent high depressive symptom scores.},
language = {en}
}
@article{UrbachFay2021,
author = {Urbach, Tina and Fay, Doris},
title = {Leader member exchange in leaders' support for voice},
series = {Applied psychology : an international review},
volume = {70},
journal = {Applied psychology : an international review},
number = {2},
publisher = {Wiley},
address = {Hoboken},
issn = {0269-994X},
doi = {10.1111/apps.12245},
pages = {674 -- 708},
year = {2021},
abstract = {While previous research underscores the role of leaders in stimulating employee voice behaviour, comparatively little is known about what affects leaders' support for such constructive but potentially threatening employee behaviours. We introduce leader member exchange quality (LMX) as a central predictor of leaders' support for employees' ideas for constructive change. Apart from a general benefit of high LMX for leaders' idea support, we propose that high LMX is particularly critical to leaders' idea support if the idea voiced by an employee constitutes a power threat to the leader. We investigate leaders' attribution of prosocial and egoistic employee intentions as mediators of these effects. Hypotheses were tested in a quasi-experimental vignette study (N = 160), in which leaders evaluated a simulated employee idea, and a field study (N = 133), in which leaders evaluated an idea that had been voiced to them at work. Results show an indirect effect of LMX on leaders' idea support via attributed prosocial intentions but not via attributed egoistic intentions, and a buffering effect of high LMX on the negative effect of power threat on leaders' idea support. Results differed across studies with regard to the main effect of LMX on idea support.},
language = {en}
}