@misc{BenlianWienerCrametal.2022, author = {Benlian, Alexander and Wiener, Martin and Cram, W. Alec and Krasnova, Hanna and Maedche, Alexander and Mohlmann, Mareike and Recker, Jan and Remus, Ulrich}, title = {Algorithmic management}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {6}, issn = {2363-7005}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60711}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-607112}, pages = {17}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @misc{Wegmann2022, author = {Wegmann, Simone}, title = {Policy-making power of opposition players}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56651}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-566516}, pages = {27}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The organisation of legislative chambers and the consequences of parliamentary procedures have been among the most prominent research questions in legislative studies. Even though democratic elections not only lead to the formation of a government but also result in an opposition, the literature has mostly neglected oppositions and their role in legislative chambers. This paper proposes to fill this gap by looking at the legislative organisation from the perspective of opposition players. The paper focuses on the potential influence of opposition players in the policy-making process and presents data on more than 50 legislative chambers. The paper shows considerable variance of the formal power granted to opposition players. Furthermore, the degree of institutionalisation of opposition rights is connected to electoral systems and not necessarily correlated with other institutional characteristics such as regime type or the size of legislative chambers.}, language = {en} } @misc{deHaasPaha2020, author = {de Haas, Samuel and Paha, Johannes}, title = {Non-controlling minority shareholdings and collusion}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {3}, issn = {0889-938X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59599}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-595993}, pages = {26}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This article merges theoretical literature on non-controlling minority shareholdings (NCMS) in a coherent model to study the effects of NCMS on competition and collusion. The model encompasses both the case of a common owner holding shares of rival firms as well as the case of cross ownership among rivals. We find that by softening competition, NCMS weaken the sustainability of collusion under a greater variety of situations than was indicated by earlier literature. Such effects exist, in particular, in the presence of an effective competition authority.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Panzer2024, author = {Panzer, Marcel}, title = {Design of a hyper-heuristics based control framework for modular production systems}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63300}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-633006}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi, 334}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Volatile supply and sales markets, coupled with increasing product individualization and complex production processes, present significant challenges for manufacturing companies. These must navigate and adapt to ever-shifting external and internal factors while ensuring robustness against process variabilities and unforeseen events. This has a pronounced impact on production control, which serves as the operational intersection between production planning and the shop- floor resources, and necessitates the capability to manage intricate process interdependencies effectively. Considering the increasing dynamics and product diversification, alongside the need to maintain constant production performances, the implementation of innovative control strategies becomes crucial. In recent years, the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies and machine learning methods has gained prominence in addressing emerging challenges in production applications. Within this context, this cumulative thesis analyzes deep learning based production systems based on five publications. Particular attention is paid to the applications of deep reinforcement learning, aiming to explore its potential in dynamic control contexts. Analysis reveal that deep reinforcement learning excels in various applications, especially in dynamic production control tasks. Its efficacy can be attributed to its interactive learning and real-time operational model. However, despite its evident utility, there are notable structural, organizational, and algorithmic gaps in the prevailing research. A predominant portion of deep reinforcement learning based approaches is limited to specific job shop scenarios and often overlooks the potential synergies in combined resources. Furthermore, it highlights the rare implementation of multi-agent systems and semi-heterarchical systems in practical settings. A notable gap remains in the integration of deep reinforcement learning into a hyper-heuristic. To bridge these research gaps, this thesis introduces a deep reinforcement learning based hyper- heuristic for the control of modular production systems, developed in accordance with the design science research methodology. Implemented within a semi-heterarchical multi-agent framework, this approach achieves a threefold reduction in control and optimisation complexity while ensuring high scalability, adaptability, and robustness of the system. In comparative benchmarks, this control methodology outperforms rule-based heuristics, reducing throughput times and tardiness, and effectively incorporates customer and order-centric metrics. The control artifact facilitates a rapid scenario generation, motivating for further research efforts and bridging the gap to real-world applications. The overarching goal is to foster a synergy between theoretical insights and practical solutions, thereby enriching scientific discourse and addressing current industrial challenges.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Koehler2024, author = {K{\"o}hler, Wolfgang}, title = {Challenges of efficient and compliant data processing}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62784}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-627843}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {195}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung ver{\"a}ndert die Gesellschaft und hat weitreichende Auswirkungen auf Menschen und Unternehmen. Grundlegend f{\"u}r diese Ver{\"a}nderungen sind die neuen technologischen M{\"o}glichkeiten, Daten in immer gr{\"o}ßerem Umfang und f{\"u}r vielf{\"a}ltige neue Zwecke zu verarbeiten. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit großer und qualitativ hochwertiger Datens{\"a}tze, insbesondere auf Basis personenbezogener Daten. Sie werden entweder zur Verbesserung der Produktivit{\"a}t, Qualit{\"a}t und Individualit{\"a}t von Produkten und Dienstleistungen oder gar zur Entwicklung neuartiger Dienstleistungen verwendet. Heute wird das Nutzerverhalten, trotz weltweit steigender gesetzlicher Anforderungen an den Schutz personenbezogener Daten, aktiver und umfassender verfolgt als je zuvor. Dies wirft vermehrt ethische, moralische und gesellschaftliche Fragen auf, die nicht zuletzt durch popul{\"a}re F{\"a}lle des Datenmissbrauchs in den Vordergrund der politischen Debatte ger{\"u}ckt sind. Angesichts dieses Diskurses und der gesetzlichen Anforderungen muss heutiges Datenmanagement drei Bedingungen erf{\"u}llen: Erstens die Legalit{\"a}t bzw. Gesetzeskonformit{\"a}t der Nutzung, zweitens die ethische Legitimit{\"a}t. Drittens sollte die Datennutzung aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht wertsch{\"o}pfend sein. Im Rahmen dieser Bedingungen verfolgt die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation vier Forschungsziele mit dem Fokus, ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis (1) der Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung von Gesetzen zum Schutz von Privatsph{\"a}re, (2) der Faktoren, die die Bereitschaft der Kunden zur Weitergabe pers{\"o}nlicher Daten beeinflussen, (3) der Rolle des Datenschutzes f{\"u}r das digitale Unternehmertum und (4) der interdisziplin{\"a}ren wissenschaftlichen Bedeutung, deren Entwicklung und Zusammenh{\"a}nge zu erlangen.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Haase2023, author = {Haase, Jennifer}, title = {Creative intensive processes}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59388}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-593886}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiii, 346}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Creativity - developing something new and useful - is a constant challenge in the working world. Work processes, services, or products must be sensibly adapted to changing times. To be able to analyze and, if necessary, adapt creativity in work processes, a precise understanding of these creative activities is necessary. Process modeling techniques are often used to capture business processes, represent them graphically and analyze them for adaptation possibilities. This has been very limited for creative work. An accurate understanding of creative work is subject to the challenge that, on the one hand, it is usually very complex and iterative. On the other hand, it is at least partially unpredictable as new things emerge. How can the complexity of creative business processes be adequately addressed and simultaneously manageable? This dissertation attempts to answer this question by first developing a precise process understanding of creative work. In an interdisciplinary approach, the literature on the process description of creativity-intensive work is analyzed from the perspective of psychology, organizational studies, and business informatics. In addition, a digital ethnographic study in the context of software development is used to analyze creative work. A model is developed based on which four elementary process components can be analyzed: Intention of the creative activity, Creation to develop the new, Evaluation to assess its meaningfulness, and Planning of the activities arising in the process - in short, the ICEP model. These four process elements are then translated into the Knockledge Modeling Description Language (KMDL), which was developed to capture and represent knowledge-intensive business processes. The modeling extension based on the ICEP model enables creative business processes to be identified and specified without the need for extensive modeling of all process details. The modeling extension proposed here was developed using ethnographic data and then applied to other organizational process contexts. The modeling method was applied to other business contexts and evaluated by external parties as part of two expert studies. The developed ICEP model provides an analytical framework for complex creative work processes. It can be comprehensively integrated into process models by transforming it into a modeling method, thus expanding the understanding of existing creative work in as-is process analyses.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Boeken2022, author = {B{\"o}ken, Bj{\"o}rn}, title = {Improving prediction accuracy using dynamic information}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58512}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-585125}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 160}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Accurately solving classification problems nowadays is likely to be the most relevant machine learning task. Binary classification separating two classes only is algorithmically simpler but has fewer potential applications as many real-world problems are multi-class. On the reverse, separating only a subset of classes simplifies the classification task. Even though existing multi-class machine learning algorithms are very flexible regarding the number of classes, they assume that the target set Y is fixed and cannot be restricted once the training is finished. On the other hand, existing state-of-the-art production environments are becoming increasingly interconnected with the advance of Industry 4.0 and related technologies such that additional information can simplify the respective classification problems. In light of this, the main aim of this thesis is to introduce dynamic classification that generalizes multi-class classification such that the target class set can be restricted arbitrarily to a non-empty class subset M of Y at any time between two consecutive predictions. This task is solved by a combination of two algorithmic approaches. First, classifier calibration, which transforms predictions into posterior probability estimates that are intended to be well calibrated. The analysis provided focuses on monotonic calibration and in particular corrects wrong statements that appeared in the literature. It also reveals that bin-based evaluation metrics, which became popular in recent years, are unjustified and should not be used at all. Next, the validity of Platt scaling, which is the most relevant parametric calibration approach, is analyzed in depth. In particular, its optimality for classifier predictions distributed according to four different families of probability distributions as well its equivalence with Beta calibration up to a sigmoidal preprocessing are proven. For non-monotonic calibration, extended variants on kernel density estimation and the ensemble method EKDE are introduced. Finally, the calibration techniques are evaluated using a simulation study with complete information as well as on a selection of 46 real-world data sets. Building on this, classifier calibration is applied as part of decomposition-based classification that aims to reduce multi-class problems to simpler (usually binary) prediction tasks. For the involved fusing step performed at prediction time, a new approach based on evidence theory is presented that uses classifier calibration to model mass functions. This allows the analysis of decomposition-based classification against a strictly formal background and to prove closed-form equations for the overall combinations. Furthermore, the same formalism leads to a consistent integration of dynamic class information, yielding a theoretically justified and computationally tractable dynamic classification model. The insights gained from this modeling are combined with pairwise coupling, which is one of the most relevant reduction-based classification approaches, such that all individual predictions are combined with a weight. This not only generalizes existing works on pairwise coupling but also enables the integration of dynamic class information. Lastly, a thorough empirical study is performed that compares all newly introduced approaches to existing state-of-the-art techniques. For this, evaluation metrics for dynamic classification are introduced that depend on corresponding sampling strategies. Thereafter, these are applied during a three-part evaluation. First, support vector machines and random forests are applied on 26 data sets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. Second, two state-of-the-art deep neural networks are evaluated on five benchmark data sets from a relatively recent reference work. Here, computationally feasible strategies to apply the presented algorithms in combination with large-scale models are particularly relevant because a naive application is computationally intractable. Finally, reference data from a real-world process allowing the inclusion of dynamic class information are collected and evaluated. The results show that in combination with support vector machines and random forests, pairwise coupling approaches yield the best results, while in combination with deep neural networks, differences between the different approaches are mostly small to negligible. Most importantly, all results empirically confirm that dynamic classification succeeds in improving the respective prediction accuracies. Therefore, it is crucial to pass dynamic class information in respective applications, which requires an appropriate digital infrastructure.}, language = {en} } @misc{UllrichVladovaEigelshovenetal.2022, author = {Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Vladova, Gergana and Eigelshoven, Felix and Renz, Andr{\´e}}, title = {Data mining of scientific research on artificial intelligence in teaching and administration in higher education institutions}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {160}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58907}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589077}, pages = {18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Teaching and learning as well as administrative processes are still experiencing intensive changes with the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and its diverse application opportunities in the context of higher education. Therewith, the scientific interest in the topic in general, but also specific focal points rose as well. However, there is no structured overview on AI in teaching and administration processes in higher education institutions that allows to identify major research topics and trends, and concretizing peculiarities and develops recommendations for further action. To overcome this gap, this study seeks to systematize the current scientific discourse on AI in teaching and administration in higher education institutions. This study identified an (1) imbalance in research on AI in educational and administrative contexts, (2) an imbalance in disciplines and lack of interdisciplinary research, (3) inequalities in cross-national research activities, as well as (4) neglected research topics and paths. In this way, a comparative analysis between AI usage in administration and teaching and learning processes, a systematization of the state of research, an identification of research gaps as well as further research path on AI in higher education institutions are contributed to research.}, language = {en} } @misc{RitterbuschTeichmann2023, author = {Ritterbusch, Georg David and Teichmann, Malte Rolf}, title = {Defining the metaverse}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {159}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58879}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-588799}, pages = {12368 -- 12377}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The term Metaverse is emerging as a result of the late push by multinational technology conglomerates and a recent surge of interest in Web 3.0, Blockchain, NFT, and Cryptocurrencies. From a scientific point of view, there is no definite consensus on what the Metaverse will be like. This paper collects, analyzes, and synthesizes scientific definitions and the accompanying major characteristics of the Metaverse using the methodology of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Two revised definitions for the Metaverse are presented, both condensing the key attributes, where the first one is rather simplistic holistic describing "a three-dimensional online environment in which users represented by avatars interact with each other in virtual spaces decoupled from the real physical world". In contrast, the second definition is specified in a more detailed manner in the paper and further discussed. These comprehensive definitions offer specialized and general scholars an application within and beyond the scientific context of the system science, information system science, computer science, and business informatics, by also introducing open research challenges. Furthermore, an outlook on the social, economic, and technical implications is given, and the preconditions that are necessary for a successful implementation are discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{DragičevićVladovaUllrich2023, author = {Dragičević, Nikolina and Vladova, Gergana and Ullrich, Andr{\´e}}, title = {Design thinking capabilities in the digital world}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {158}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58846}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-588468}, pages = {18}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Recent research suggests that design thinking practices may foster the development of needed capabilities in new digitalised landscapes. However, existing publications represent individual contributions, and we lack a holistic understanding of the value of design thinking in a digital world. No review, to date, has offered a holistic retrospection of this research. In response, in this bibliometric review, we aim to shed light on the intellectual structure of multidisciplinary design thinking literature related to capabilities relevant to the digital world in higher education and business settings, highlight current trends and suggest further studies to advance theoretical and empirical underpinnings. Our study addresses this aim using bibliometric methods—bibliographic coupling and co-word analysis as they are particularly suitable for identifying current trends and future research priorities at the forefront of the research. Overall, bibliometric analyses of the publications dealing with the related topics published in the last 10 years (extracted from the Web of Science database) expose six trends and two possible future research developments highlighting the expanding scope of the design thinking scientific field related to capabilities required for the (more sustainable and human-centric) digital world. Relatedly, design thinking becomes a relevant approach to be included in higher education curricula and human resources training to prepare students and workers for the changing work demands. This paper is well-suited for education and business practitioners seeking to embed design thinking capabilities in their curricula and for design thinking and other scholars wanting to understand the field and possible directions for future research.}, language = {en} } @misc{HaaseHanel, author = {Haase, Jennifer and Hanel, Paul H. P.}, title = {Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {154}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58590}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-585909}, pages = {14}, abstract = {Creative thinking is an indispensable cognitive skill that is becoming increasingly important. In the present research, we tested the impact of games on creativity and emotions in a between-subject online experiment with four conditions (N = 658). (1) participants played a simple puzzle game that allowed many solutions (priming divergent thinking); (2) participants played a short game that required one fitting solution (priming convergent thinking); (3) participants performed mental arithmetic; (4) passive control condition. Results show that divergent and convergent creativity were higher after playing games and lower after mental arithmetic. Positive emotions did not function as a mediator, even though they were also heightened after playing the games and lower after mental arithmetic. However, contrary to previous research, we found no direct effect of emotions, creative self-efficacy, and growth- vs. fixed on creative performance. We discuss practical implications for digital learning and application settings.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dannenmann2023, author = {Dannenmann, Barbara}, title = {K{\"o}nnen technologiegest{\"u}tzte Verhandlungstrainings unter Einsatz von K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz und Virtueller Realit{\"a}t das Vertriebstraining verbessern?}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57737}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-577378}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {245}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Digitale und gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen fordern kontinuierliche Weiterbildung f{\"u}r Mitarbeiter im Vertrieb. Es halten sich in dieser Berufssparte aber immer noch einige Mythen zum Training von Vertriebsmitarbeitern. Unter anderem deshalb wurde in der Vergangenheit der Trainingsbedarf im Vertrieb stark vernachl{\"a}ssigt. Die Arbeit befasst sich deshalb zun{\"a}chst mit der Frage, wie der Vertrieb in Deutschland aktuell geschult wird (unter Einbezug der Corona-Pandemie) und ob sich aus den Trainingsgewohnheiten erste Hinweise zur Erlangung eines strategischen Wettbewerbsvorteils ergeben k{\"o}nnten. Dabei greift die Arbeit auf, dass Investitionen in das Training von Vertriebsmitarbeitern eine Anlage in die Wettbewerbsf{\"a}higkeit des Unternehmens sein k{\"o}nnten. Automatisierte Trainings, beispielsweise basierend auf Virtual Reality (VR) und K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz (KI), k{\"o}nnten in der Aus- und Weiterbildung des Vertriebs einen effizienten Beitrag in der Sicherstellung eines strategischen Wettbewerbsvorteils leisten. Durch weitere Forschungsfragen befasst sich die Arbeit anschließend damit, wie ein automatisiertes Vertriebstraining mit KI- und VR-Inhalten unter Einbeziehung der Nutzer gestaltet werden muss, um Vertriebsmitarbeiter in einem daf{\"u}r ausgew{\"a}hlten Verhandlungskontext zu trainieren. Dazu wird eine Anwendung mit Hilfe von Virtual Reality und K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz in einem Verhandlungsdialog entwickelt, getestet und evaluiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert eine Basis f{\"u}r die Automatisierung von Vertriebstrainings und im erweiterten Sinne f{\"u}r Trainings im Allgemeinen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gandhi2022, author = {Gandhi, Nilima}, title = {Visionary leadership and job satisfaction}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57269}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-572691}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {154}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Current business organizations want to be more efficient and constantly evolving to find ways to retain talent. It is well established that visionary leadership plays a vital role in organizational success and contributes to a better working environment. This study aims to determine the effect of visionary leadership on employees' perceived job satisfaction. Specifically, it investigates whether the mediators meaningfulness at work and commitment to the leader impact the relationship. I take support from job demand resource theory to explain the overarching model used in this study and broaden-and-build theory to leverage the use of mediators. To test the hypotheses, evidence was collected in a multi-source, time-lagged design field study of 95 leader-follower dyads. The data was collected in a three-wave study, each survey appearing after one month. Data on employee perception of visionary leadership was collected in T1, data for both mediators were collected in T2, and employee perception of job satisfaction was collected in T3. The findings display that meaningfulness at work and commitment to the leader play positive intervening roles (in the form of a chain) in the indirect influence of visionary leadership on employee perceptions regarding job satisfaction. This research offers contributions to literature and theory by first broadening the existing knowledge on the effects of visionary leadership on employees. Second, it contributes to the literature on constructs meaningfulness at work, commitment to the leader, and job satisfaction. Third, it sheds light on the mediation mechanism dealing with study variables in line with the proposed model. Fourth, it integrates two theories, job demand resource theory and broaden-and-build theory providing further evidence. Additionally, the study provides practical implications for business leaders and HR practitioners. Overall, my study discusses the potential of visionary leadership behavior to elevate employee outcomes. The study aligns with previous research and answers several calls for further research on visionary leadership, job satisfaction, and mediation mechanism with meaningfulness at work and commitment to the leader.}, language = {en} } @misc{NeumannTiberiusBiendarra2022, author = {Neumann, Daniel and Tiberius, Victor and Biendarra, Florin}, title = {Adopting wearables to customize health insurance contributions: a ranking-type Delphi}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {153}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56672}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-566723}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background Wearables, as small portable computer systems worn on the body, can track user fitness and health data, which can be used to customize health insurance contributions individually. In particular, insured individuals with a healthy lifestyle can receive a reduction of their contributions to be paid. However, this potential is hardly used in practice. Objective This study aims to identify which barrier factors impede the usage of wearables for assessing individual risk scores for health insurances, despite its technological feasibility, and to rank these barriers according to their relevance. Methods To reach these goals, we conduct a ranking-type Delphi study with the following three stages. First, we collected possible barrier factors from a panel of 16 experts and consolidated them to a list of 11 barrier categories. Second, the panel was asked to rank them regarding their relevance. Third, to enhance the panel consensus, the ranking was revealed to the experts, who were then asked to re-rank the barriers. Results The results suggest that regulation is the most important barrier. Other relevant barriers are false or inaccurate measurements and application errors caused by the users. Additionally, insurers could lack the required technological competence to use the wearable data appropriately. Conclusion A wider use of wearables and health apps could be achieved through regulatory modifications, especially regarding privacy issues. Even after assuring stricter regulations, users' privacy concerns could partly remain, if the data exchange between wearables manufacturers, health app providers, and health insurers does not become more transparent.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Brinkmann2022, author = {Brinkmann, Maik}, title = {Towards a joint public service delivery? The effects of blockchain on the relationship of public administrations with external stakeholders}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56449}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-564499}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 126, CCLXVIII}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Public administrations confront fundamental challenges, including globalization, digitalization, and an eroding level of trust from society. By developing joint public service delivery with other stakeholders, public administrations can respond to these challenges. This increases the importance of inter-organizational governance—a development often referred to as New Public Governance, which to date has not been realized because public administrations focus on intra-organizational practices and follow the traditional "governmental chain." E-government initiatives, which can lead to high levels of interconnected public services, are currently perceived as insufficient to meet this goal. They are not designed holistically and merely affect the interactions of public and non-public stakeholders. A fundamental shift toward a joint public service delivery would require scrutiny of established processes, roles, and interactions between stakeholders. Various scientists and practitioners within the public sector assume that the use of blockchain institutional technology could fundamentally change the relationship between public and non-public stakeholders. At first glance, inter-organizational, joint public service delivery could benefit from the use of blockchain. This dissertation aims to shed light on this widespread assumption. Hence, the objective of this dissertation is to substantiate the effect of blockchain on the relationship between public administrations and non-public stakeholders. This objective is pursued by defining three major areas of interest. First, this dissertation strives to answer the question of whether or not blockchain is suited to enable New Public Governance and to identify instances where blockchain may not be the proper solution. The second area aims to understand empirically the status quo of existing blockchain implementations in the public sector and whether they comply with the major theoretical conclusions. The third area investigates the changing role of public administrations, as the blockchain ecosystem can significantly increase the number of stakeholders. Corresponding research is conducted to provide insights into these areas, for example, combining theoretical concepts with empirical actualities, conducting interviews with subject matter experts and key stakeholders of leading blockchain implementations, and performing a comprehensive stakeholder analysis, followed by visualization of its results. The results of this dissertation demonstrate that blockchain can support New Public Governance in many ways while having a minor impact on certain aspects (e.g., decentralized control), which account for this public service paradigm. Furthermore, the existing projects indicate changes to relationships between public administrations and non-public stakeholders, although not necessarily the fundamental shift proposed by New Public Governance. Lastly, the results suggest that power relations are shifting, including the decreasing influence of public administrations within the blockchain ecosystem. The results raise questions about the governance models and regulations required to support mature solutions and the further diffusion of blockchain for public service delivery.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Beel2022, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Beel, Leon}, title = {Teilen von Wissen im Offboarding in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung Deutschlands}, issn = {2190-4561}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56210}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-562108}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {IV, 44}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, inwiefern extrapersonale Einflussfaktoren das Verhalten der Wissensteilung im Offboarding in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung Deutschlands beeinflussen. Hier besteht eine Forschungsl{\"u}cke, die es insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund einer nahenden Pensionierungswelle und der daraus resultierenden Gefahr eines massiven Wissensverlusts zu schließen gilt. Zu diesem Zweck werden unterschiedliche Analyseebenen verkn{\"u}pft, Einflussfaktoren aus der Literatur herausgearbeitet und in die Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens eingebunden. Anschließend werden Hypothesen formuliert, wie extrapersonale Einflussfaktoren, die sich aus der Verwaltung als organisationalen Kontext und dem Prozess des Offboarding ergeben, das Verhalten der Wissensteilung f{\"o}rdern oder hemmen. Die Testung der Hypothesen erfolgt durch die Erhebung und Auswertung qualitativer Interviewdaten. Daraus resultierende Erkenntnisse verdeutlichen, dass die anstehende Pensionierungswelle in der deutschen Verwaltung eine st{\"a}rkere Ausrichtung des organisationalen Wissensmanagements auf den Prozess des Offboarding und dessen Gestaltung erfordert, um Wissensverluste zu reduzieren.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Koenig2022, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {K{\"o}nig, Alexander}, title = {Change-Prozesse in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung - Der Einfluss von direkten Vorgesetzten auf die Einstellung von Mitarbeitenden}, issn = {2190-4561}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56571}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565713}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {IV, 35}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Die {\"o}ffentliche Verwaltung wird in den n{\"a}chsten Jahrzehnten große Reformen durchlaufen m{\"u}ssen. Ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor f{\"u}r das Gelingen von geplanten organisatorischen Ver{\"a}nderungen ist auch im Verwaltungskontext die Einstellung von Mitarbeiter*innen gegen{\"u}ber diesem Wandel. Hier existieren gerade bei Mitarbeiter*innen ohne F{\"u}hrungsverantwortlichkeit h{\"a}ufig negative Einstellungen gegen{\"u}ber Ver{\"a}nderungen. Dies wird auch mit dem hohen Stress in diesen Situationen in Verbindung gebracht. Besonders direkte F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte sind hier eine wichtige Einflussgr{\"o}ße auf die Einstellungen. Die folgende Bachelorarbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich dementsprechend mit diesen Einfluss und konzentriert sich dabei auf den Effekt der sozialen Unterst{\"u}tzung dieser F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte auf die Einstellung der Mitarbeiter*innen, da soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung einen nachgewiesenen mildernden Effekt auf den wahrgenommenen Stress besitzt. Soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung wird nach der Social-Support-Theorie in die dort identifizierten vier Unter-arten differenziert, namentlich Appraisal, Emotional, Informational und Instrumental Support. Im Rahmen einer Literaturanalyse konnte f{\"u}r zwei der vier Supportarten (Emotional, Informational) ein Einfluss nachgewiesen werden. Auch f{\"u}r die anderen Supportarten bestehen Hinweise auf einen positiven Effekt. Dies weist darauf hin, dass direkte F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte w{\"a}hrend Reformen der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung als Quellen der Unterst{\"u}tzung fungieren und mittels dieser die Einstellung der Mitarbeiter*innen gegen{\"u}ber Wandel positiv beeinflussen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus k{\"o}nnen die Unterschiede der Ergebnisse nach Supportart darauf hinweisen, dass situationsspezifisch ver-schiedene Unterst{\"u}tzung mehr oder weniger relevant ist. F{\"u}r F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte in diesem Kontext verweisen die Ergebnisse der Arbeit darauf, dass der unterst{\"u}tzende Kontakt mit direkt Untergebenen in Phasen des Wandels wichtig und die Anforderungen breiter als die reine Anweisung dieser Untergebenen sind.}, language = {de} } @misc{OrlandPadubrin2022, author = {Orland, Andreas and Padubrin, Max}, title = {Is there a gender hiring gap in academic economics? Evidence from a network analysis}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, volume = {9}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, edition = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-55884}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-558844}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2022}, abstract = {We collect a network dataset of tenured economics faculty in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. We rank the 100 institutions included with a minimum violation ranking. This ranking is positively and significantly correlated with the Times Higher Education ranking of economics institutions. According to the network ranking, individuals on average go down about 23 ranks from their doctoral institution to their employing institution. While the share of females in our dataset is only 15\%, we do not observe a significant gender hiring gap (a difference in rank changes between male and female faculty). We conduct a robustness check with the Handelsblatt and the Times Higher Education ranking. According to these rankings, individuals on average go down only about two ranks. We do not observe a significant gender hiring gap using these two rankings (although the dataset underlying this analysis is small and these estimates are likely to be noisy). Finally, we discuss the limitations of the network ranking in our context.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Brenner2022, author = {Brenner, Andri Caspar}, title = {Sustainable urban growth}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-55522}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-555223}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {231}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This dissertation explores the determinants for sustainable and socially optimalgrowth in a city. Two general equilibrium models establish the base for this evaluation, each adding its puzzle piece to the urban sustainability discourse and examining the role of non-market-based and market-based policies for balanced growth and welfare improvements in different theory settings. Sustainable urban growth either calls for policy actions or a green energy transition. Further, R\&D market failures can pose severe challenges to the sustainability of urban growth and the social optimality of decentralized allocation decisions. Still, a careful (holistic) combination of policy instruments can achieve sustainable growth and even be first best.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schumacher2022, author = {Schumacher, Jochen}, title = {Entwicklung eines Industrie 4.0 Reifegradindex f{\"u}r produzierende Unternehmen}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-55464}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-554642}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VI, 275}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines Industrie 4.0 Reifegradindex f{\"u}r produzierende Unternehmen (KMU und Mittelstand) mit diskreter Produktion. Die Motivation zu dieser Arbeit entstand aus dem Z{\"o}gern vieler Unternehmen - insbesondere KMU und Mittelstand - bei der Transformation in Richtung Industrie 4.0. Im Rahmen einer Marktstudie konnte belegt werden, dass 86 Prozent der befragten produzierenden Unternehmen kein f{\"u}r ihr Unternehmen geeignetes Industrie 4.0 Reifegradmodell gefunden haben, mit dem sie ihren Status Quo bewerten und Maßnahmen f{\"u}r einen h{\"o}heren Grad der Reife ableiten k{\"o}nnten. Die Bewertung bestehender Reifegradmodelle zeigte Defizite hinsichtlich der Industrie 4.0 Abdeckung, der Betrachtung der sozio-technischen Dimensionen Mensch, Technik und Organisation sowie der Betrachtung von Management und Unternehmenskultur. Basierend auf den aktuellen Industrie 4.0 Technologien und Handlungsbereichen wurde ein neues, modular aufgebautes Industrie 4.0 Reifegradmodell entwickelt, das auf einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung aller sozio-technischen Dimensionen Mensch, Technik und Organisation sowie deren Schnittstellen basiert. Das Modell ermittelt neben dem Overall Industry 4.0 Maturity Index (OI4MI) vier weitere Indizes zur Bewertung der Industrie 4.0 Reife des Unternehmens. Das Modell wurde bei einem Unternehmen validiert und steht nun als Template f{\"u}r darauf aufbauende Forschungsarbeiten zur Verf{\"u}gung.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Liebsch2022, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Liebsch, Emilia}, title = {Einfluss von Digitalisierung auf die {\"o}ffentliche Verwaltung}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54153}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541536}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {I, 35}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit dem Einfluss von Digitalisierung auf die {\"o}ffentliche Verwaltung in Deutschland. Den konkreten Untersuchungsschwerpunkt bilden organisationale Routinen. Die Arbeit gibt einen konzeptionellen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Begriffe Digitalisierung und organisationale Routinen und leitet daraus Arbeitsdefinitionen ab. Der theoretisch dargelegte Zusammenhang zwischen den beiden Ph{\"a}nomenen wird im Rahmen von drei teilstrukturierten Interviews mit Mitarbeitenden aus unterschiedlichen {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltungen untersucht. Die herausgearbeiteten Definitionen wurden den Interviewten vorgestellt und durch ein Repertoire an Fragen die Wahrnehmung des Digitalisierungsstandes i.V.m. Routinen abgefragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass digitaler Wandel und Routinen in jedem der interviewten Fachbereiche zumindest unterbewusst wahrgenommen wird. Digitalisierung und organisationale Routinen stehen in Wechselwirkung zueinander, da die wiederholte routinierte Ausf{\"u}hrung von T{\"a}tigkeiten die Implementierung von Digitalisierung beg{\"u}nstigt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus f{\"u}hrt digitaler Wandel zur Ver{\"a}nderung von Routinen, welche mit einem anf{\"a}nglichen Mehraufwand verbunden ist. St{\"o}rungen bei der Implementierung von Digitalisierung bringen eine Starrheit von Routinen mit sich u.A. durch eine fehlende Bereitschaft der Mitarbeitenden. Die grundlegend bestehende Wechselwirkung ist ausschlaggebend f{\"u}r die Schnittstellen zwischen Digitalisierung und organisationalen Routinen in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung.}, language = {de} } @misc{PawassarTiberius2021, author = {Pawassar, Christian Matthias and Tiberius, Victor}, title = {Virtual Reality in Health Care: Bibliometric Analysis}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, volume = {9}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, edition = {4}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-55041}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-550412}, pages = {1 -- 19}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Research into the application of virtual reality technology in the health care sector has rapidly increased, resulting in a large body of research that is difficult to keep up with. Objective: We will provide an overview of the annual publication numbers in this field and the most productive and influential countries, journals, and authors, as well as the most used, most co-occurring, and most recent keywords. Methods: Based on a data set of 356 publications and 20,363 citations derived from Web of Science, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using BibExcel, HistCite, and VOSviewer. Results: The strongest growth in publications occurred in 2020, accounting for 29.49\% of all publications so far. The most productive countries are the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain; the most influential countries are the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The most productive journals are the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR), JMIR Serious Games, and the Games for Health Journal; the most influential journals are Patient Education and Counselling, Medical Education, and Quality of Life Research. The most productive authors are Riva, del Piccolo, and Schwebel; the most influential authors are Finset, del Piccolo, and Eide. The most frequently occurring keywords other than "virtual" and "reality" are "training," "trial," and "patients." The most relevant research themes are communication, education, and novel treatments; the most recent research trends are fitness and exergames. Conclusions: The analysis shows that the field has left its infant state and its specialization is advancing, with a clear focus on patient usability.}, language = {en} } @book{Franke2021, author = {Franke, Patrick}, title = {Social - Media - Personalmarketing in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung}, issn = {2190-4561}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54906}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549062}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {IV, 68}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Durch den demographischen Wandel wird das Erwerbspersonenpotential und damit die Anzahl erwerbst{\"a}tiger Personen, insbesondere die Zahl der Fachkr{\"a}fte in den kommen-den Jahren in Deutschland zur{\"u}ckgehen. Aufgrund dessen wird es f{\"u}r Arbeitgeber zuk{\"u}nftig schwieriger werden, qualifizierten Nachwuchs zu finden. Aufgrund seiner Alterstruktur und der zunehmenden Arbeitsverdichtung ist der {\"o}ffentliche Dienst, sowie der Teilbereich der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung, st{\"a}rker als andere Arbeitgeber mit der Notwendigkeit konfrontiert, mittelfristig externes Personal zu rekrutieren. In Anbetracht dessen ging die Arbeit der Frage nach, inwieweit die {\"o}ffentliche Verwaltung das hierf{\"u}r geeignete, innovative Instrument des Social - Media - Personalmarketings bereits imple-mentiert hat und wie sich das ermittelte Ergebnis erkl{\"a}ren l{\"a}sst. Hinsichtlich der aktuellen Anwendung konnte festgestellt werden, dass Social - Media - Personalmarketing erst vor Kurzem in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung implementiert wurde und aufgrund dessen gegenw{\"a}rtig prim{\"a}r zur operativen Personalgewinnung genutzt wird. Als erkl{\"a}rende Einflussfaktoren konnten im Rahmen einer empirischen Untersuchung die mangelnde Relevanz des Personalmarketings als Aufgabe der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung, der aktuelle Per-sonalbestand und dessen digitale Kompetenzen, sowie die hierarchisch gepr{\"a}gten Kommunikationswege innerhalb der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung ermittelt werden. Mit Ausnahme der Kommunikationswege decken die Faktoren sich mit denen der Privatwirtschaft. Die {\"o}ffentliche Verwaltung ist dazu angehalten, den aktuellen Auspr{\"a}gungsgrad der Amtshierarchie kritisch zu hinterfragen, um das volle Potential des Social - Media - Personalmarketings zuk{\"u}nftig zu heben.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gleiss2022, author = {Gleiß, Alexander}, title = {Case Studies on Digital Transformation}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54615}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546159}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 198}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Digital transformation (DT) has not only been a major challenge in recent years, it is also supposed to continue to enormously impact our society and economy in the forthcoming decade. On the one hand, digital technologies have emerged, diffusing and determining our private and professional lives. On the other hand, digital platforms have leveraged the potentials of digital technologies to provide new business models. These dynamics have a massive effect on individuals, companies, and entire ecosystems. Digital technologies and platforms have changed the way persons consume or interact with each other. Moreover, they offer companies new opportunities to conduct their business in terms of value creation (e.g., business processes), value proposition (e.g., business models), or customer interaction (e.g., communication channels), i.e., the three dimensions of DT. However, they also can become a threat for a company's competitiveness or even survival. Eventually, the emergence, diffusion, and employment of digital technologies and platforms bear the potential to transform entire markets and ecosystems. Against this background, IS research has explored and theorized the phenomena in the context of DT in the past decade, but not to its full extent. This is not surprising, given the complexity and pervasiveness of DT, which still requires far more research to further understand DT with its interdependencies in its entirety and in greater detail, particularly through the IS perspective at the confluence of technology, economy, and society. Consequently, the IS research discipline has determined and emphasized several relevant research gaps for exploring and understanding DT, including empirical data, theories as well as knowledge of the dynamic and transformative capabilities of digital technologies and platforms for both organizations and entire industries. Hence, this thesis aims to address these research gaps on the IS research agenda and consists of two streams. The first stream of this thesis includes four papers that investigate the impact of digital technologies on organizations. In particular, these papers study the effects of new technologies on firms (paper II.1) and their innovative capabilities (II.2), the nature and characteristics of data-driven business models (II.3), and current developments in research and practice regarding on-demand healthcare (II.4). Consequently, the papers provide novel insights on the dynamic capabilities of digital technologies along the three dimensions of DT. Furthermore, they offer companies some opportunities to systematically explore, employ, and evaluate digital technologies to modify or redesign their organizations or business models. The second stream comprises three papers that explore and theorize the impact of digital platforms on traditional companies, markets, and the economy and society at large. At this, paper III.1 examines the implications for the business of traditional insurance companies through the emergence and diffusion of multi-sided platforms, particularly in terms of value creation, value proposition, and customer interaction. Paper III.2 approaches the platform impact more holistically and investigates how the ongoing digital transformation and "platformization" in healthcare lastingly transform value creation in the healthcare market. Paper III.3 moves on from the level of single businesses or markets to the regulatory problems that result from the platform economy for economy and society, and proposes appropriate regulatory approaches for addressing these problems. Hence, these papers bring new insights on the table about the transformative capabilities of digital platforms for incumbent companies in particular and entire ecosystems in general. Altogether, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the impact of DT on organizations and markets through the conduction of multiple-case study analyses that are systematically reflected with the current state of the art in research. On this empirical basis, the thesis also provides conceptual models, taxonomies, and frameworks that help describing, explaining, or predicting the impact of digital technologies and digital platforms on companies, markets and the economy or society at large from an interdisciplinary viewpoint.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dehnert2022, author = {Dehnert, Maik}, title = {Studies on the Digital Transformation of Incumbent Organizations}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54832}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548324}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {339}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Traditional organizations are strongly encouraged by emerging digital customer behavior and digital competition to transform their businesses for the digital age. Incumbents are particularly exposed to the field of tension between maintaining and renewing their business model. Banking is one of the industries most affected by digitalization, with a large stream of digital innovations around Fintech. Most research contributions focus on digital innovations, such as Fintech, but there are only a few studies on the related challenges and perspectives of incumbent organizations, such as traditional banks. Against this background, this dissertation examines the specific causes, effects and solutions for traditional banks in digital transformation - an underrepresented research area so far. The first part of the thesis examines how digitalization has changed the latent customer expectations in banking and studies the underlying technological drivers of evolving business-to-consumer (B2C) business models. Online consumer reviews are systematized to identify latent concepts of customer behavior and future decision paths as strategic digitalization effects. Furthermore, the service attribute preferences, the impact of influencing factors and the underlying customer segments are uncovered for checking accounts in a discrete choice experiment. The dissertation contributes here to customer behavior research in digital transformation, moving beyond the technology acceptance model. In addition, the dissertation systematizes value proposition types in the evolving discourse around smart products and services as key drivers of business models and market power in the platform economy. The second part of the thesis focuses on the effects of digital transformation on the strategy development of financial service providers, which are classified along with their firm performance levels. Standard types are derived based on fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), with facade digitalization as one typical standard type for low performing incumbent banks that lack a holistic strategic response to digital transformation. Based on this, the contradictory impact of digitalization measures on key business figures is examined for German savings banks, confirming that the shift towards digital customer interaction was not accompanied by new revenue models diminishing bank profitability. The dissertation further contributes to the discourse on digitalized work designs and the consequences for job perceptions in banking customer advisory. The threefold impact of the IT support perceived in customer interaction on the job satisfaction of customer advisors is disentangled. In the third part of the dissertation, solutions are developed design-oriented for core action areas of digitalized business models, i.e., data and platforms. A consolidated taxonomy for data-driven business models and a future reference model for digital banking have been developed. The impact of the platform economy is demonstrated here using the example of the market entry by Bigtech. The role-based e3-value modeling is extended by meta-roles and role segments and linked to value co-creation mapping in VDML. In this way, the dissertation extends enterprise modeling research on platform ecosystems and value co-creation using the example of banking.}, language = {en} } @misc{LogesTiberius2022, author = {Loges, Klara and Tiberius, Victor}, title = {Implementation Challenges of 3D Printing in Prosthodontics}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54402}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-544024}, pages = {12}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The reduction in cost and increasing benefits of 3D printing technologies suggest the potential for printing dental prosthetics. However, although 3D printing technologies seem to be promising, their implementation in practice is complicated. To identify and rank the greatest implementation challenges of 3D printing in dental practices, the present study surveys dentists, dental technicians, and 3D printing companies using a ranking-type Delphi study. Our findings imply that a lack of knowledge is the most crucial obstacle to the implementation of 3D printing technologies. The high training effort of staff and the favoring of conventional methods, such as milling, are ranked as the second and third most relevant factors. Investment costs ranked in seventh place, whereas the lack of manufacturing facilities and the obstacle of print duration ranked below average. An inclusive implementation of additive manufacturing could be achieved primarily through the education of dentists and other staff in dental practices. In this manner, production may be managed internally, and the implementation speed may be increased.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hefen2021, author = {Hefen, Veronika}, title = {Karrierewege in der Wirtschaftspr{\"u}fung unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der relativen Repr{\"a}sentation von Frauen}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-52983}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-529831}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIX, 411}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Ausgangspunkt der Dissertation ist die Fragestellung, warum es relativ wenige weibliche Wirtschaftspr{\"u}fer/innen in Deutschland gibt. Laut Mitgliederstatistik der Wirtschaftspr{\"u}ferkammer vom 1. Januar 2020 liegt der Frauenanteil im Berufs-stand bei rund 17 \%. Einschl{\"a}gige Literatur zeigt, dass auf Ebene der Berufseinstei-ger/innen im Segment der zehn gr{\"o}ßten Wirtschaftspr{\"u}fungsgesellschaften das Ge-schlechterverh{\"a}ltnis recht ausgewogen ist. Jedoch liegt der Frauenanteil auf der Hierarchieebene „Manager", f{\"u}r die {\"u}blicherweise ein bestandenes Berufsexamen Voraussetzung ist, bereits deutlich niedriger und sinkt mit jeder weiteren Hierar-chiestufe. Die Zielstellung der Dissertation wurde somit dahingehend spezifiziert, diejenigen Faktoren zu analysieren, die dazu beitragen k{\"o}nnen, dass die relative Repr{\"a}sentation von Frauen im Segment der zehn gr{\"o}ßten Wirtschaftspr{\"u}fungsge-sellschaften Deutschlands ab der Manager-Ebene (d. h. {\"u}blicherweise ab der Schwelle der examinierten Wirtschaftspr{\"u}fer/innen) sinkt. Der Fokus der Analyse liegt daher auf Ebene der erfahrenen Pr{\"u}fungsassistenten und Pr{\"u}fungsassistentin-nen (Senior), um diese Schwelle unmittelbar vor der Manager-Ebene detailliert zu beleuchten. Neben der Auswertung von Erkenntnissen aus der internationalen Pr{\"u}fungsfor-schung wurde eine empirische Studie unter den Senior von sechs der zehn gr{\"o}ßten Wirtschaftspr{\"u}fungsgesellschaften in Deutschland durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die empirischen Ergebnisse wurden mittels deskriptiver Datenanalyse ausgewertet und dahinge-hend analysiert, f{\"u}r welche der zuvor definierten Aspekte signifikante geschlechts-spezifische Unterschiede zu beobachten sind. F{\"u}r ausgew{\"a}hlte Aspekte wurde zu-dem analysiert, ob es Unterschiede zwischen weiblichen/m{\"a}nnlichen Senior mit Kind/ern und ohne Kind/er gibt. Insgesamt wurden f{\"u}r zahlreiche Aspekte ge-schlechtsspezifische Unterschiede und Unterschiede zwischen Senior mit Kind/ern und ohne Kind/er gefunden. Es zeigt sich außerdem, dass neben der beruflichen Situation auch die individuellen Eigenschaften und das private Umfeld von Bedeu-tung sind. Im Rahmen der beruflichen Situation spielen sowohl die Wahrnehmung der aktuellen beruflichen Situation eine Rolle als auch u. a. die Erwartungen der Senior an die m{\"o}gliche k{\"u}nftige Manager-Position, an das Wirtschaftspr{\"u}fungsexa-men und an weitere berufliche Perspektiven.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schmidt2021, author = {Schmidt, Robert}, title = {Gr{\"u}ndungsf{\"o}rderung an Hochschulen}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-52520}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525203}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIII, 270, ix}, year = {2021}, abstract = {F{\"o}rdermittelfinanzierte Gr{\"u}ndungsunterst{\"u}tzungsangebote waren in den EU-F{\"o}rderperioden 2007-2013 und 2014-2020 ein wichtiges Element der Hochschulgr{\"u}ndungsf{\"o}rderung im Land Brandenburg. Aufgrund der positiven wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung des Landes, reduzierte sich das F{\"o}rdervolumen in der gleichen Zeit jedoch stetig. F{\"u}r die EU-F{\"o}rderperiode 2021-2027 steht eine weitere Reduzierung der F{\"o}rdermittel bereits fest. In der Folge wird es, ohne Anpassungen der etablierten F{\"o}rderstrukturen, zur weiteren Reduzierung oder Erosion der Gr{\"u}ndungsunterst{\"u}tzungsangebote an Brandenburger Hochschulen kommen. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich daher u.a. mit der Frage, wie ein theoretisches Referenzmodell zur f{\"o}rdermittelfinanzierten Hochschulgr{\"u}ndungsberatung gestaltet sein kann, um den reduzierten F{\"o}rders{\"a}tzen bei gleichzeitiger Aufrechterhaltung der Angebotsvielfalt gerecht zu werden. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage wird als Untersuchungsobjekt das F{\"o}rderprojekt BIEM Startup Navigator herangezogen. Das Gr{\"u}ndungsberatungsprojekt BIEM Startup Navigator wurde von 2010 bis 2014 an sechs Brandenburger Hochschulen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Mit Hilfe der Modelle und Pr{\"a}missen der Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie wird zun{\"a}chst ein theoretischer Rahmen aufgespannt, auf dessen Grundlage die empirische Untersuchung erfolgt. Anhand der Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie werden die beteiligten Organisationen, Individuen und Institutionen aufgezeigt. Weiterhin werden die wesentlichen Problemfelder und L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze der Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie f{\"u}r die Untersuchung des BIEM Startup Navigators diskutiert. Im Untersuchungsverlauf werden u.a. die Konzepte zur Durchf{\"u}hrung des F{\"o}rderprojekts an sechs Hochschulstandorten, die Daten von 610 Teilnehmenden und 288 Gr{\"u}ndungen analysiert, um so sachlogische Zusammenh{\"a}nge und Wechselwirkungen identifizieren und beschreiben zu k{\"o}nnen. Es werden unterschiedliche theoretische Annahmen zu den Bereichen Projekteffektivit{\"a}t bzw. Projekteffizienz, Kostenverteilung und zur konzeptionellen Ausgestaltung in Form von 24 Arbeitshypothesen formuliert und auf die Untersuchung {\"u}bertragen. Die Verifizierung bzw. Falsifizierung der Hypothesen erfolgt auf Grundlage der kombinierten Erkenntnisse aus Literaturrecherchen und den Ergebnissen der empirischen Untersuchung. Im Verlauf der Arbeit gelingt es, die in der Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie auftretenden Agencykosten auch am Beispiel des BIEM Startup Navigators zu beschreiben und ex post Ineffizienzen in den durchgef{\"u}hrten Screening- und Signalingprozessen aufzuzeigen. Mit Hilfe des im Verlauf der Arbeit entwickelten theoretischen Referenzmodells zur f{\"o}rdermittelfinanzierten Gr{\"u}ndungsberatung an Brandenburger Hochschulen soll es gelingen, den sinkenden EU-F{\"o}rdermitteln, ohne eine gleichzeitige Reduzierung der Gr{\"u}ndungsunterst{\"u}tzungsangebote an den Hochschulen, gerecht zu werden. Hierf{\"u}r zeigt das theoretische Referenzmodell wie die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung genutzt werden k{\"o}nnen, um die Agencykosten der f{\"o}rdermittelfinanzierten Gr{\"u}ndungsberatung zu reduzieren.}, language = {de} } @misc{VladovaUllrichBenderetal.2021, author = {Vladova, Gergana and Ullrich, Andr{\´e} and Bender, Benedict and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {Students' Acceptance of Technology-Mediated Teaching - How It Was Influenced During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020: A Study From Germany}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-52161}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-521615}, pages = {17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In response to the impending spread of COVID-19, universities worldwide abruptly stopped face-to-face teaching and switched to technology-mediated teaching. As a result, the use of technology in the learning processes of students of different disciplines became essential and the only way to teach, communicate and collaborate for months. In this crisis context, we conducted a longitudinal study in four German universities, in which we collected a total of 875 responses from students of information systems and music and arts at four points in time during the spring-summer 2020 semester. Our study focused on (1) the students' acceptance of technology-mediated learning, (2) any change in this acceptance during the semester and (3) the differences in acceptance between the two disciplines. We applied the Technology Acceptance Model and were able to validate it for the extreme situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. We extended the model with three new variables (time flexibility, learning flexibility and social isolation) that influenced the construct of perceived usefulness. Furthermore, we detected differences between the disciplines and over time. In this paper, we present and discuss our study's results and derive short- and long-term implications for science and practice.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Graeber2021, author = {Graeber, Daniel}, title = {Four essays on the socio-economic causes and consequences of individual health as well as public health crises}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51517}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-515175}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIV, 249}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Inequalities in health are a prevalent feature of societies. And as societies, we condemn inequalities that are rooted in immutable circumstances such as gender, race, and parental background. Consequently, policy makers are interested in measuring and understanding the causes of health inequalities rooted in circumstances. However, identifying causal estimates of these relationships is very ambitious for reasons such as the presence of confounders or measurement error in the data. This thesis contributes to this ambitious endeavour by addressing these challenges in four chapters. In the first Chapter, I use 25 years of rich health information to describe three features of intergenerational health mobility in Germany. First, we describe the joint permanent health distribution of the parents and their children. A ten percentile increase in parental permanent health is associated with a 2.3 percentile increase in their child's health. Second, a percentile point increase in permanent health ranks is associated with a 0.8\% to 1.4\% increase in permanent income for, both, children, and parents, respectively. Non-linearities in the association between permanent health and income create incentives to escape the bottom of the permanent health distribution. Third, upward mobility in permanent health varies with parental socio-economic status. In the second Chapter, we estimate the effect of maternal schooling on children's mental health in adulthood. Using the Socio-Economic Panel and the mental health measure based on the SF-12 questionnaire, we exploit a compulsory schooling law reform to identify the causal effect of maternal schooling on children's mental health. While the theoretical considerations are not clear, we do not find that the mother's schooling has an effect on the mental health of the children. However, we find a positive effect on children's physical health operating mainly through physical functioning. In addition, albeit with the absence of a reduced-form effect on mental health, we find evidence that the number of friends moderates the relationship between maternal schooling and their children's mental health. In the third Chapter, against a background of increasing violence against non-natives, we estimate the effect of hate crime on refugees' mental health in Germany. For this purpose, we combine two datasets: administrative records on xenophobic crime against refugee shelters by the Federal Criminal Office and the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees. We apply a regression discontinuity design in time to estimate the effect of interest. Our results indicate that hate crime has a substantial negative effect on several mental health indicators, including the Mental Component Summary score and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 score. The effects are stronger for refugees with closer geographic proximity to the focal hate crime and refugees with low country-specific human capital. While the estimated effect is only transitory, we argue that negative mental health shocks during the critical period after arrival have important long-term consequences. In the last Chapter of this thesis, we investigate how the economic consequences of the pandemic and the government-mandated measures to contain its spread affect the self-employed - particularly women- in Germany. For our analysis, we use representative, real-time survey data in which respondents were asked about their situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings indicate that among the self-employed, who generally face a higher likelihood of income losses due to COVID-19 than employees, women are 35\% more likely to experience income losses than their male counterparts. We do not find a comparable gender gap among employees. Our results further suggest that the gender gap among the self-employed is largely explained by the fact that women disproportionately work in industries that are more severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis of potential mechanisms reveals that women are significantly more likely to be impacted by government-imposed restrictions, e.g., the regulation of opening hours. We conclude that future policy measures intending to mitigate the consequences of such shocks should account for this considerable variation in economic hardship.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dressen2021, author = {Dreßen, Sebastian}, title = {Open innovation for manufacturing technologies}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51438}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-514384}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VIII, 141}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper-based dissertation aims to contribute to the open innovation (OI) and technology management (TM) research fields by investigating their mechanisms, and potentials at the operational level. The dissertation connects the well-known concept of technology management with OI formats and applies these on specific manufacturing technologies within a clearly defined setting. Technological breakthroughs force firms to continuously adapt and reinvent themselves. The pace of technological innovation and their impact on firms is constantly increasing due to more connected infrastructure and accessible resources (i.e. data, knowledge). Especially in the manufacturing sector it is one key element to leverage new technologies to stay competitive. These technological shifts call for new management practices. TM supports firms with various tools to manage these shifts at different levels in the firm. It is a multifunctional and multidisciplinary field as it deals with all aspects of integrating technological issues into business decision-making and is directly relevant to a number of core business processes. Thus, it makes sense to utilize this theory and their practices as a foundation of this dissertation. However, considering the increasing complexity and number of technologies it is not sufficient anymore for firms to only rely on previous internal R\&D and managerial practices. OI can expanse these practices by involving distributed innovation processes and accessing further external knowledge sources. This expansion can lead to an increasing innovation performance and thereby accelerate the time-to-market of technologies. Research in this dissertation was based on the expectations that OI formats will support the R\&D activities of manufacturing technologies on the operational level by providing access to resources, knowledge, and leading-edge technology. The dissertation represents uniqueness regarding the rich practical data sets (observations, internal documents, project reviews) drawn from a very large German high-tech firm. The researcher was embedded in an R\&D unit within the operational TM department for manufacturing technologies. The analyses include 1.) an exploratory in-depth analysis of a crowdsourcing initiative to elaborate the impact on specific manufacturing technologies, 2.) a deductive approach for developing a technology evaluation score model to create a common understanding of the value of selected manufacturing technologies at the operational level, and 3.) an abductive reasoning approach in form of a longitudinal case study to derive important indicator for the in-process activities of science-based partnership university-industry collaboration format. Thereby, the dissertation contributed to research and practice 1.) linkages of TM and OI practices to assimilate technologies at the operational level, 2.) insights about the impact of CS on manufacturing technologies and a related guideline to execute CS initiatives in this specific environment 3.) introduction of manufacturing readiness levels and further criteria into the TM and OI research field to support decision-makers in the firm in gaining a common understanding of the maturity of manufacturing technologies and, 4.) context-specific important indicators for science based university-industry collaboration projects and a holistic framework to connect TM with the university-industry collaboration approach The findings of this dissertation illustrate that OI formats can support the acceleration of time-to-market of manufacturing technologies and further improve the technical requirements of the product by leveraging external capabilities. The conclusions and implications made are intended to foster further research and improve managerial practices to evolve TM into an open collaborative context with interconnectivities between all internal and external involved technologies, individuals and organizational levels.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{AbuJarour2021, author = {AbuJarour, Safa'a}, title = {Digital inclusion}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51053}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-510535}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {217}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In this thesis, we tackle two social disruptions: recent refugee waves in Germany and the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) as a key means of alleviating these disruptions and promoting social inclusion. As social disruptions typically lead to frustration and fragmentation, it is essential to ensure the social inclusion of individuals and societies during such times. In the context of the social inclusion of refugees, we focus on the Syrian refugees who arrived in Germany as of 2015, as they form a large and coherent refugee community. In particular, we address the role of ICTs in refugees' social inclusion and investigate how different ICTs (especially smartphones and social networks) can foster refugees' integration and social inclusion. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, we focus on the widespread unconventional working model of work from home (WFH). Our research here centers on the main constructs of WFH and the key differences in WFH experiences based on personal characteristics such as gender and parental status. We reveal novel insights through four well-established research methods: literature review, mixed methods, qualitative method, and quantitative method. The results of our research have been published in the form of eight articles in major information systems venues and journals. Key results from the refugee research stream include the following: Smartphones represent a central component of refugee ICT use; refugees view ICT as a source of information and power; the social connectedness of refugees is strongly correlated with their Internet use; refugees are not relying solely on traditional methods to learn the German language or pursue further education; the ability to use smartphones anytime and anywhere gives refugees an empowering feeling of global connectedness; and ICTs empower refugees on three levels (community participation, sense of control, and self-efficacy). Key insights from the COVID-19 WFH stream include: Gender and the presence of children under the age of 18 affect workers' control over their time, technology usefulness, and WFH conflicts, while not affecting their WFH attitudes; and both personal and technology-related factors affect an individual's attitude toward WFH and their productivity. Further insights are being gathered at the time of submitting this thesis. This thesis contributes to the discussion within the information systems community regarding how to use different ICT solutions to promote the social inclusion of refugees in their new communities and foster an inclusive society. It also adds to the growing body of research on COVID-19, in particular on the sudden workplace transformation to WFH. The insights gathered in this thesis reveal theoretical implications and future opportunities for research in the field of information systems, practical implications for relevant stakeholders, and social implications related to the refugee crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic that must be addressed.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dai2021, author = {Dai, Kuang}, title = {Gr{\"u}ndungen durch Akademikerinnen und Akademiker mit Migrationshintergrund}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51121}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-511216}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIII, 366}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit Gr{\"u}ndungen durch Akademikerinnen und Akademiker mit Migrationshintergrund. Dabei wurden vor allem der Bezug dieser Gr{\"u}ndungen zu der Umwelt - dem Gr{\"u}nder{\"o}kosystem -, in der sie stattfinden, sowie ihre gegenseitigen Wechselwirkungen untersucht. Der Forschungsgegenstand ist die Schnittstelle aus den Bereichen Gr{\"u}ndungen, Migrantentum und Hochqualifikation. Der Fokus auf die sehr spezifische Zielgruppe Gr{\"u}ndungen durch Akademikerinnen und Akademiker mit Migrationshintergrund f{\"u}llt eine wichtige L{\"u}cke in der bisherigen Forschung. Methodisch gesehen bedient sich diese Arbeit eines theoretischen Bezugsrahmens. Dieser besteht aus der neoinstitutionalistischen Organisationstheorie (Meyer \& Rowan 1977), dem Ressourcenabh{\"a}ngigkeitsansatz (Pfeffer \& Salancik 1978) sowie dem sechs-dimensionalen Modell des Gr{\"u}nder{\"o}kosystems (Isenberg 2011). Gr{\"u}ndungen durch Akademikerinnen und Akademiker mit Migrationshintergrund m{\"u}ssen ihre interne Ausgestaltung an die Anforderung der institutionellen Umwelt anpassen, um die notwendige Legitimit{\"a}t zu sichern. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen bei unterschiedlichen Gr{\"u}ndungen isomorphe Organisationsstrukturen entstehen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus k{\"o}nnen akademische Gr{\"u}ndende mit Migrationshintergrund durch interorganisatorische Aktivit{\"a}ten den Zugang zu nicht-substituierbaren Ressourcen f{\"u}r die Unternehmensgr{\"u}ndung bzw. Gesch{\"a}ftsentwicklung erm{\"o}glichen bzw. erleichtern. Daher ist die Kombination beider Theorien und des Erkl{\"a}rungsansatzes ein effektives und passendes Analysetool f{\"u}r die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit und schafft sowohl auf Mikro- als auch auf Makroebene f{\"u}r die Leserinnen und Leser ein vollst{\"a}ndiges Gesamtbild. Die vorliegende Arbeit beinhaltet nicht nur Daten aus Sekund{\"a}rquellen und bereits vorhandenen quantitativen Studien im deskriptiven Teil, sondern auch direkte Informationen durch eigene qualitative Untersuchung im empirischen Teil. Daf{\"u}r wurden insgesamt 23 semistrukturierte Experteninterviews durchgef{\"u}hrt. Durch die Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2014) wurden mehrere Kategorien herausgefiltert; dazu z{\"a}hlen bspw. umweltbezogene Einflussfaktoren auf Legitimit{\"a}t sowie nicht-substituierbare Ressourcen f{\"u}r Gr{\"u}ndungen durch Akademikerinnen und Akademiker. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurden durch die Empirie einige Hypothesen f{\"u}r weitere quantitative Forschungen in der Zukunft aufgestellt und konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r die Praxis gegeben.}, language = {de} } @misc{WewerFischer2019, author = {Wewer, G{\"o}ttrik and Fischer, Caroline}, title = {Wissensmanagement}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {139}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-50534}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-505341}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Wissen ist f{\"u}r die Bew{\"a}ltigung der Verwaltungsaufgaben eine wichtige Ressource. Das wirft die Frage auf, wie das notwendige Wissen erzeugt, bewahrt, verteilt und auffindbar gemacht werden kann. Ein solches Wissensmanagement kann die Arbeit der Beh{\"o}rden qualitativ verbessern und effizienter machen. Dennoch wird Wissen in der Verwaltungspraxis bisher nur unzureichend gemanagt. Ein systematisches Wissensmanagement erfordert personelle, finanzielle und technische Ressourcen. Sind diese nicht vorhanden, k{\"o}nnen Verwaltungen zun{\"a}chst auf einzelne Instrumente des Wissensmanagements zur{\"u}ckgreifen, um ihre Arbeit mit begrenztem Aufwand zu verbessern.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Sikkens2021, author = {Sikkens, Reinier}, title = {An analysis of cultural entrepreneurship}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-50187}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-501879}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {325}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Media artists have been struggling for financial survival ever since media art came into being. The non-material value of the artwork, a provocative attitude towards the traditional arts world and originally anti-capitalist mindset of the movement makes it particularly difficult to provide a constructive solution. However, a cultural entrepreneurial approach can be used to build a framework in order to find a balance between culture and business while ensuring that the cultural mission remains the top priority.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schmid2021, author = {Schmid, Sylvia}, title = {Zwischen Kooperation und Wettbewerb - Zur Zusammenarbeit in naturwissenschaftlichen Forschungsteams in außeruniversit{\"a}ren Forschungseinrichtungen}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-50177}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-501772}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {328, XXIV}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Trotz der hohen innovationspolitischen Bedeutung der außeruniversit{\"a}ren Forschungseinrichtungen (AUF) sind sie bisher selten Gegenstand empirischer Untersuchungen. Keine der bisher vorliegenden Arbeiten legt ihren Fokus auf die Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaftler:innen in Forschungsteams, obwohl wissenschaftliche Zusammenarbeit ein weitgehend unerforschtes Gebiet ist. Dies verwundert insofern, da gerade innovative und komplexe Aufgaben, wie sie im Bereich der Forschung bestehen, das kreative Potenzial Einzelner sowie eine gut funktionierende Kooperation der einzelnen Individuen ben{\"o}tigen. Die Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaftler:innen in den AUF findet in einem kompetitiven Umfeld statt. Einerseits stehen die AUF auf Organisationsebene im Wettbewerb zueinander und konkurrieren um Forschungsgelder und wissenschaftliches Personal. Andererseits ist die kompetitive Einwerbung von Drittmitteln f{\"u}r Wissenschaftler:innen essentiell, um Leistungen, gemessen an hochrangigen Publikationen und Drittmittelquoten, f{\"u}r die eigene Karriere zu erbringen. Ein zunehmender Anteil an Drittmittelfinanzierung in den Einrichtungen hat zudem Auswirkungen auf die Personalpolitik und die Anzahl befristeter Arbeitsverh{\"a}ltnisse. Gleichzeitig wird Forschungsf{\"o}rderung h{\"a}ufig an Kollaborationen von Wissenschaftler:innen gekn{\"u}pft und bei Publikationen und Forschungsergebnissen zeigen Studien, dass diese {\"u}berwiegend das Resultat von mehreren Personen sind. Dieses Spannungsfeld zwischen Zusammenarbeit und Wettbewerb wird verst{\"a}rkt durch die fehlenden M{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs in der Wissenschaft zu bleiben. Auch wenn die Bundesregierung auf diese Herausforderungen reagiert, muss der Einzelne seinen Weg zwischen Zusammenarbeit und Konkurrenz finden. Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist es, nachfolgende Forschungsfragen zu beantworten: 1. Wie k{\"o}nnen naturwissenschaftliche Forschungsteams in AUF charakterisiert werden? 2. Wie agiert die einzelne Forscherin/ der einzelne Forscher im Spannungsfeld zwischen Kooperation und Wettbewerb? 3. Welche Potentiale und Hemmnisse lassen sich auf Individual-, Team- und Umweltebene f{\"u}r eine erfolgreiche Arbeit von Forschungsteams in AUF ausmachen? Um die Forschungsfragen beantworten zu k{\"o}nnen, wurde eine empirische Untersuchung im Mixed Method Design, bestehend aus einer deutschlandweiten Onlinebefragung von 574 Naturwissenschaftler:innen in AUF und qualitativen Interviews mit 122 Teammitgliedern aus 20 naturwissenschaftlichen Forschungsteams in AUF, durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Teams eher als Arbeitsgruppen bezeichnet werden k{\"o}nnen, da v.a. in der Grundlagenforschung kein gemeinsames Ziel als vielmehr ein gemeinsamer inhaltlicher Rahmen vorliegt, in dem die Forschenden ihre individuellen Ziele verfolgen. Die Arbeit im Team wird {\"u}berwiegend als positiv und kooperativ beschrieben und ist v.a. durch gegenseitige Unterst{\"u}tzung bei Problemen und weniger durch einen thematisch wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisprozess gepr{\"a}gt. Dieser findet vielmehr in Form kleiner Untergruppen innerhalb der Arbeitsgruppe und vor allem in enger Abstimmung mit der Teamleitung (TL) statt. Als wettbewerbsversch{\"a}rfend werden vor allem organisationale Rahmenbedingungen, wie Befristungen und der Flaschenhals, thematisiert. Die TL nimmt die zentrale Rolle im Team ein, tr{\"a}gt die wissenschaftliche, finanzielle und personelle Verantwortung und muss den Forderungen der Organisation gerecht werden. Promovierende konzentrieren sich fast ausschließlich auf ihre Qualifizierungsarbeit. Bei Postdocs ist ein Spannungsfeld zu erkennen, da sie eigene Projekte und Ziele verfolgen, die neben den Anforderungen der TL bestehen. Die Gatekeeperfunktion der TL wird gest{\"a}rkt durch ihre Rolle bei der Weitergabe von karriererelevanten Informationen im Team, z.B. bei anstehenden Konferenzen. Sie hat die wichtigen Kontakte, sorgt f{\"u}r die Vernetzung des Teams und ist f{\"u}r die Netzwerkpflege zust{\"a}ndig. Der wissenschaftliche Nachwuchs verl{\"a}sst sich bei seinen Aufgaben und den karriererelevanten Faktoren sehr auf ihre Unterst{\"u}tzung. Nicht-wissenschaftliche Mitarbeitende gilt es st{\"a}rker zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen, dies sowohl in ihrer Funktion in den Teams als auch in der Gesamtorganisation. Sie sind die zentralen Ansprechpersonen des wissenschaftlichen Personals und sorgen f{\"u}r eine Kontinuit{\"a}t bei der Wissensspeicherung und -weitergabe. F{\"u}r die Organisationen gilt es, unterst{\"u}tzende Rahmen-, Arbeits- und Aufgabenbedingungen f{\"u}r die TL zu schaffen und den wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs bei einer fr{\"u}hzeitigen Verantwortung f{\"u}r wissenschaftliche und karriererelevante Aufgaben zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Daf{\"u}r bedarf es verbesserter Personalentwicklungskonzepte und -angebote. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus gilt es, Kooperationsm{\"o}glichkeiten innerhalb der Einrichtung und zwischen den Gruppen zu schaffen, z.B. durch offene R{\"a}ume und Netzwerkm{\"o}glichkeiten, und innovative Arbeitsumgebungen zu f{\"o}rdern, um neue Formen einer innovationsfreundlichen Wissenschaftskultur zu etablieren.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Heger2021, author = {Heger, Tobias}, title = {Foresight in networks}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-50385}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-503851}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVII, 247}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the corporate foresight research field by investigating capabilities, practices, and challenges particularly in the context of interorganizational settings and networked organizations informed by the theoretical perspectives of the relational view and dynamic capabilities. Firms are facing an increasingly complex environment and highly complex product and service landscapes that often require multiple organizations to collaborate for innovation and offerings. Public-private partnerships that are targeted at supporting this have been introduced by policy-makers in the recent past. One example for such a partnership is the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) with multiple Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs). The EIT has been initiated by the European Commission in 2008 with the ambition of addressing grand societal challenges, driving innovativeness of European companies, and supporting systemic change. The resulting network organizations are managed similarly to corporations with managers, boards, and firm-like governance structures. EIT Digital as one of the EIT KICs are a central case of this work. Research in this dissertation was based on the expectation that corporate foresight activities will increasingly be embedded in such interorganizational settings and a) can draw on such settings for the benefit of themselves and b) may contribute to shared visions, trust building and planning in these network organizations. In this dissertation the EIT Digital (formerly EIT ICT Labs) is a central case, supplemented with insights from three additional cases. I draw on the rich theoretical understanding of the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities, and particularly the relational view to further the discussion in the field of corporate foresight—defined as foresight in organizations in contrast to foresight with a macro-economical perspective—towards a relational understanding. Further, I use and revisit Rohrbeck's Maturity Model for the Future Orientation of Firms as conceptual frame for corporate foresight in interorganizational settings. The analyses—available as four individual publications complemented by on additional chapter—are designed as exploratory case studies based on multiple data sources including an interview series with 49 persons, two surveys (N=54, n=20), three supplementary interviews, access to key documents and presentations, and observation through participation in meetings and activities of the EIT Digital. This research setting allowed me to contribute to corporate foresight research and practice by 1) integrating relational constructs primarily drawn from the relational view and dynamic capabilities research into the corporate foresight research stream, 2) exploring and understanding capabilities that are required for corporate foresight in interorganizational and networked organizations, 3) discussing and extending the Maturity Model for network organizations, and 4) to support individual organizations to tie their foresight systems effectively to networked foresight systems.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Doering2019, author = {D{\"o}ring, Matthias}, title = {The public encounter}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-50227}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-502276}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 115}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This thesis puts the citizen-state interaction at its center. Building on a comprehensive model incorporating various perspectives on this interaction, I derive selected research gaps. The three articles, comprising this thesis, tackle these gaps. A focal role plays the citizens' administrative literacy, the relevant competences and knowledge necessary to successfully interact with public organizations. The first article elaborates on the different dimensions of administrative literacy and develops a survey instrument to assess these. The second study shows that public employees change their behavior according to the competences that citizens display during public encounters. They treat citizens preferentially that are well prepared and able to persuade them of their application's potential. Thereby, they signal a higher success potential for bureaucratic success criteria which leads to the employees' cream-skimming behavior. The third article examines the dynamics of employees' communication strategies when recovering from a service failure. The study finds that different explanation strategies yield different effects on the client's frustration. While accepting the responsibility and explaining the reasons for a failure alleviates the frustration and anger, refusing the responsibility leads to no or even reinforcing effects on the client's frustration. The results emphasize the different dynamics that characterize the nature of citizen-state interactions and how they establish their short- and long-term outcomes.}, language = {en} } @misc{WeberTiefenbacherGronau2019, author = {Weber, Edzard and Tiefenbacher, Anselm and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {Need for standardization and systematization of test data for job-shop scheduling}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {134}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47222}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472229}, pages = {23}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The development of new and better optimization and approximation methods for Job Shop Scheduling Problems (JSP) uses simulations to compare their performance. The test data required for this has an uncertain influence on the simulation results, because the feasable search space can be changed drastically by small variations of the initial problem model. Methods could benefit from this to varying degrees. This speaks in favor of defining standardized and reusable test data for JSP problem classes, which in turn requires a systematic describability of the test data in order to be able to compile problem adequate data sets. This article looks at the test data used for comparing methods by literature review. It also shows how and why the differences in test data have to be taken into account. From this, corresponding challenges are derived which the management of test data must face in the context of JSP research. Keywords}, language = {en} } @misc{SchwarkTiberiusFabro2020, author = {Schwark, Nele and Tiberius, Victor and Fabro, Manuela}, title = {How Will We Dine?}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {132}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-48506}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-485069}, pages = {23}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Haute cuisine, the cooking style for fine dining at gourmet restaurants, has changed over the last decades and can be expected to evolve in the upcoming years. To engage in foresight, the purpose of this study is to identify a plausible future trend scenario for the haute cuisine sector within the next five to ten years, based on today's chefs' views. To achieve this goal, an international, two-stage Delphi study was conducted. The derived scenario suggests that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic will lead to significant restaurant bankruptcies and will raise creativity and innovation among the remaining ones. It is expected that haute cuisine tourism will grow and that menu prices will differ for customer segments. More haute cuisine restaurants will open in Asia and America. Local food will remain a major trend and will be complemented by insect as well as plant-based proteins and sophisticated nonalcoholic food pairings. Restaurant design and the use of scents will become more relevant. Also, private dining and fine dining at home will become more important. The scenario also includes negative projections. These findings can serve as a research agenda for future research in haute cuisine, including the extension of the innovation lens towards the restaurant and the business model. Practical implications include the necessity for haute cuisine restaurants to innovate to cope with increasing competition in several regions. Customers should be seen as co-creators of the value of haute cuisine.}, language = {en} } @misc{StudenTiberius2020, author = {Studen, Laura and Tiberius, Victor}, title = {Social Media, Quo Vadis?}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {131}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-48293}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-482934}, pages = {24}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Over the past two decades, social media have become a crucial and omnipresent cultural and economic phenomenon, which has seen platforms come and go and advance technologically. In this study, we explore the further development of social media regarding interactive technologies, platform development, relationships to news media, the activities of institutional and organizational users, and effects of social media on the individual and the society over the next five to ten years by conducting an international, two-stage Delphi study. Our results show that enhanced interaction on platforms, including virtual and augmented reality, somatosensory sense, and touch- and movement-based navigation are expected. AIs will interact with other social media users. Inactive user profiles will outnumber active ones. Platform providers will diversify into the WWW, e-commerce, edu-tech, fintechs, the automobile industry, and HR. They will change to a freemium business model and put more effort into combating cybercrime. Social media will become the predominant news distributor, but fake news will still be problematic. Firms will spend greater amounts of their budgets on social media advertising, and schools, politicians, and the medical sector will increase their social media engagement. Social media use will increasingly lead to individuals' psychic issues. Society will benefit from economic growth and new jobs, increased political interest, democratic progress, and education due to social media. However, censorship and the energy consumption of platform operators might rise.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SultanowKochCox2020, author = {Sultanow, Eldar and Koch, Christian and Cox, Sean}, title = {Collatz Sequences in the Light of Graph Theory}, edition = {Fifth version}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-48214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-482140}, pages = {47}, year = {2020}, abstract = {It is well known that the inverted Collatz sequence can be represented as a graph or a tree. Similarly, it is acknowledged that in order to prove the Collatz conjecture, one must demonstrate that this tree covers all odd natural numbers. A structured reachability analysis is hitherto unavailable. This paper investigates the problem from a graph theory perspective. We define a tree that consists of nodes labeled with Collatz sequence numbers. This tree will be transformed into a sub-tree that only contains odd labeled nodes. Furthermore, we derive and prove several formulas that can be used to traverse the graph. The analysis covers the Collatz problem both in it's original form 3x + 1 as well as in the generalized variant kx + 1. Finally, we transform the Collatz graph into a binary tree, following the approach of Kleinnijenhuis, which could form the basis for a comprehensive proof of the conjecture.}, language = {en} } @misc{KruggelTiberiusFabro2020, author = {Kruggel, Alexander and Tiberius, Victor and Fabro, Manuela}, title = {Corporate Citizenship}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {130}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47801}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-478018}, pages = {21}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Corporate citizenship, which is firms' societal engagement beyond customer and shareholder interests, is a prominent topic in management practice and has led to extensive research. This increased interest resulted in a complex and fragmented scholarly literature. In order to structure and map the field quantitatively, we conducted a temporal analysis of publications and citations, an analysis of the productivity of involved disciplines, an analysis of the productivity of publication forms including journal impact factors, an author productivity and citation analysis, a co-author analysis, an article citation analysis, an article co-citation analysis, and a keyword co-occurrence analysis. Results of these bibliometric analyses show that corporate citizenship research seems to have been in a phase of stagnation since 2014 and shows a rather low degree of interdisciplinarity. Papers are predominantly published in high impact journals. Authors show little collaboration with other researchers. Current research relates to other business ethics topics, addresses philosophical foundations, and starts to relate to human resource management and organization studies.}, language = {en} } @misc{Michel2020, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Michel, Beno{\^i}t}, title = {Soutenir l'innovation dans le secteur spatial}, series = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, journal = {MEGA-Schriftenreihe}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2701-391X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43599}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435997}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVII, 59}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Seit dem Beginn der Raumfahrzeit in den F{\"u}nfzigern haben Frankreich und Deutschland zur Entstehung einer europ{\"a}ischen Raumfahrtindustrie beigetragen. Beide L{\"a}nder sind in diesem Sektor Hauptakteure und Hauptpartner. Die Europ{\"a}ische Weltraumorganisation, die sich auf diese zivile und milit{\"a}rische Doppelindustrie st{\"u}tzt, hat Europa auf der Weltb{\"u}hne einen wichtigen Platz einger{\"a}umt. Um die Jahrhundertwende hat das Schaffen von Clustern dazu beigetragen, die Innovation in einem Sektor zu unterst{\"u}tzen, der wegen neuer internationaler Akteure in Frage gestellt wird. Diese Cluster haben sich auf der wirtschaftlichen Ebene des Sektors etabliert: in diesen Organisationen koexistieren private und {\"o}ffentliche Akteure, die von der Forschung bis zur Implementierung der entwickelten Technologien zusammenarbeiten. Zu der Vielzahl der Maßnahmen zur Innovationsf{\"o}rderung in Frankreich und Deutschland werden nun die von der Europ{\"a}ischen Kommission festgelegten europ{\"a}ischen Ziele hinzugef{\"u}gt. Wettbewerbscluster werden nicht mehr als privilegierte Instrumente der europ{\"a}ischen Weltraumpolitik identifiziert wie in den deutsch-franz{\"o}sischen Kooperationsprojekten der letzten Jahre. Die lokalen Kapazit{\"a}ten dieser Organisationen sind nicht den heutigen europ{\"a}ischen wirtschaftlichen Probleme angepasst und erlauben es nicht, sich effektiv in die moderne Raumfahrtindustrie zu integrieren.}, language = {fr} } @techreport{BruttelGuethHertwigetal.2020, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Bruttel, Lisa Verena and G{\"u}th, Werner and Hertwig, Ralph and Orland, Andreas}, title = {Do people harness deliberate ignorance to avoid envy and its detrimental effects?}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {17}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44446}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-444463}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Envy is an unpleasant emotion. If individuals anticipate that comparing their payoff with the (potentially higher) payoff of others will make them envious, they may want to actively avoid information about other people's payoffs. Given the opportunity to reduce another person's payoff, an individual's envy may trigger behavior that is detrimental to welfare. In this case, if individuals anticipate that they will react in a welfare-reducing way, they may also avoid information about other people's payoffs from the outset. We investigated these two hypotheses using three experiments. We found that 13\% of our potentially envious subjects avoided information when they did not have the opportunity to reduce another participant's payoff. Psychological scales do not explain this behavior. We also found that voluntarily uninformed subjects did neither deduct less of the payoff nor less frequently than subjects who could not avoid the information.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SultanowKochCox2020, author = {Sultanow, Eldar and Koch, Christian and Cox, Sean}, title = {Collatz Sequences in the Light of Graph Theory}, edition = {4th version}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44325}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-443254}, pages = {31}, year = {2020}, abstract = {It is well known that the inverted Collatz sequence can be represented as a graph or a tree. Similarly, it is acknowledged that in order to prove the Collatz conjecture, one must demonstrate that this tree covers all odd natural numbers. A structured reachability analysis is hitherto not available. This paper investigates the problem from a graph theory perspective. We define a tree that consists of nodes labeled with Collatz sequence numbers. This tree will be transformed into a sub-tree that only contains odd labeled nodes. The analysis of this tree will provide new insights into the structure of Collatz sequences. The findings are of special interest to possible cycles within a sequence. Next, we describe the conditions which must be fulfilled by a cycle. Finally, we demonstrate how these conditions could be used to prove that the only possible cycle within a Collatz sequence is the trivial cycle, starting with the number one, as conjectured by Lothar Collatz.}, language = {en} } @misc{Tiberius2019, author = {Tiberius, Victor}, title = {Scenarios in the strategy process}, number = {119}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44290}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-442907}, pages = {16}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This paper challenges the solely rational view of the scenario technique as a strategy and foresight tool designed to cope with uncertainty by considering multiple possible future states. The paper employs an affordance-based view that allows for the identification and structuring of hidden, emergent attributes of the scenario technique beyond the intended ones. The suggested framework distinguishes between affordances (1) that are intended by the organization and relate to its goals, (2) that emergently generate organizational benefits, and (3) that do not relate to organizational but individual interests. Also, constraints in the use of scenarios are discussed. Affordance theory's specific lens shows that the emergence of such attributes depends on the users' specific intentions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bieri2019, author = {Bieri, Pascal}, title = {Topmanager im Kreuzfeuer ihrer Dilemmata}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44106}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441062}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIII, 301}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit untersucht den Umgang mit Dilemmata von Topmanagern. Dilemmata sind ein allt{\"a}gliches Gesch{\"a}ft im Topmanagement. Die entsprechenden Akteure sind daher immer wieder mit diesen konfrontiert und mit ihnen umzugehen, geh{\"o}rt gewissermaßen zu ihrer Berufsbeschreibung. Hinzu kommen Dilemmata im nicht direkt gesch{\"a}ftlichen Bereich, wie zum Beispiel jene zwischen Familien- und Arbeitszeit. Doch stellt dieses Feld ein kaum untersuchtes Forschungsgebiet dar. W{\"a}hrend Dilemmata in anderen Bereichen eine zunehmende Aufmerksamkeit erfuhren, wurden deren Besonderheiten im Topmanagement genauso wenig differenziert betrachtet wie zugeh{\"o}rige Umgangsweisen. Theorie und Praxis stellen bez{\"u}glich Dilemmata von Topmanagern vor allem einen Gegensatz dar, beziehungsweise fehlt es an einer theoretischen Fundierung der Empirie. Diesem Umstand wird mittels dieser Studie begegnet. Auf der Grundlage einer differenzierten und breiten Erfassung von Theorien zu Dilemmata, so diese auch noch nicht auf Topmanager bezogen wurden, und einer empirischen Erhebung, die im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen, soll das Feld Dilemmata von Topmanagern der Forschung ge{\"o}ffnet werden. Empirische Grundlage sind vor allem narrative Interviews mit Topmanagern {\"u}ber ihre Dilemmata-Wahrnehmung, ausgemachte Ursachen, Umgangsweisen und Resultate. Dies erlaubt es, Topmanagertypen sowie Dilemmata-Arten, mit denen sie konfrontiert sind oder waren, analytisch herauszuarbeiten. Angesichts der Praxisrelevanz von Dilemmata von Topmanagern wird jedoch nicht nur ein theoretisches Modell zu dieser Thematik erarbeitet, es werden auch Reflexionen auf die Praxis in Form von Handlungsempfehlungen vorgenommen. Schließlich gilt es, die allgemeine Theorie zu Dilemmata, ohne konkreten Bezug zu Topmanagern, mit den theoretischen Erkenntnissen dieser Studie auf empirischer Basis zu kontrastieren. Dabei wird im Rahmen der empirischen Erfassung und Auswertung dem Ansatz der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie gefolgt.}, language = {de} } @techreport{SultanowKochCox2020, author = {Sultanow, Eldar and Koch, Christian and Cox, Sean}, title = {Collatz Sequences in the Light of Graph Theory}, edition = {3rd version}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44185}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441859}, pages = {29}, year = {2020}, abstract = {It is well known that the inverted Collatz sequence can be represented as a graph or a tree. Similarly, it is acknowledged that in order to prove the Collatz conjecture, one must demonstrate that this tree covers all (odd) natural numbers. A structured reachability analysis is hitherto not available. This paper investigates the problem from a graph theory perspective. We define a tree that consists of nodes labeled with Collatz sequence numbers. This tree will be transformed into a sub-tree that only contains odd labeled nodes. The analysis of this tree will provide new insights into the structure of Collatz sequences. The findings are of special interest to possible cycles within a sequence. Next, we describe the conditions which must be fulfilled by a cycle. Finally, we demonstrate how these conditions could be used to prove that the only possible cycle within a Collatz sequence is the trivial cycle, starting with the number 1, as conjectured by Lothar Collatz.}, language = {en} } @misc{TiberiusLisiecki2019, author = {Tiberius, Victor and Lisiecki, Laura}, title = {Stock Price Forecast Accuracy and Recommendation Profitability of Financial Magazines}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {118}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44108}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441081}, pages = {10}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In this study, we analyze the forecast accuracy and profitability of buy recommendations published in five major German financial magazines for private households based on fundamental analysis. The results show a high average forecast accuracy but with a very high standard deviation, which indicates poor forecast accuracy with regard to individual stocks. The recommendation profitability slightly exceeds the performance of the MSCI World index. Considering the involved risk, which is represented by a high standard deviation, the excess returns appear to be insufficient.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Abendroth2019, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Abendroth, Adrian}, title = {Technology addiction scales in the areas of internet, smartphone, video games and social network sites}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43555}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435559}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VII, 52}, year = {2019}, abstract = {As digital media infiltrate an increasingly greater proportion of our lives, concern about the possibility of various forms of technology addictions has emerged. For technology addiction, researchers have developed a variety of self-reported scales in areas such as Internet, smartphones, videogames, social network sites (SNS) or television. However, no uniform criteria or definition exists for technology addiction. Utilized dimensions of technology addiction, to measure specific outcomes, lack a conceptual standard. Therefore, linkages between technology areas dimensions have not been examined in a broader way by the research community, in order to develop a uniform technology addiction scale. In this regard, firstly, a theoretical model was developed in order to extract common technology dimensions. Secondly, a systematic literature review in the areas of Internet, smartphone, video games and SNS was conducted in order to extract the dimensions used. To identify relevant studies, nine databases (GoogleScholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, EmeraldInsight, Wiley, SpringerLink, ACM, iEEE and JSTOR) were searched, producing 4698 results, and 50 studies met the inclusion criteria. Thirdly, the developed theoretical model was utilized in order to determine the dimension in each of the identified scales. Based on analysis of the dimensional distributions, the findings suggest that there are common dimensions across areas of technology such as "compulsive use" and "negative outcomes" but also differences in dimensions across areas such as "social comfort" and "mood regulation", which are more used in the area of SNS. Moreover, new dimensions such as "cognitive absorption" or "utility and function loss" for technology addiction were extracted, which should be considered as these have not yet been researched in a broader way. In addition, no gold standard for the conceptual criteria or definition for technology addiction has been developed yet.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CaliendoFossenKritikos2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Fossen, Frank M. and Kritikos, Alexander}, title = {What Makes an Employer?}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {13}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43736}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437360}, year = {2019}, abstract = {As the policy debate on entrepreneurship increasingly centers on firm growth in terms of job creation, it is important to better understand which variables influence the first hiring decision and which ones influence the subsequent survival as an employer. Using the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP), we analyze what role individual characteristics of entrepreneurs play in sustainable job creation. While human and social capital variables positively influence the hiring decision and the survival as an employer in the same direction, we show that none of the personality traits affect the two outcomes in the same way. Some traits are only relevant for survival as an employer but do not influence the hiring decision, other traits even unfold a revolving door effect, in the sense that employers tend to fail due to the same characteristics that positively influenced their hiring decision.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SultanowKochCox2019, author = {Sultanow, Eldar and Koch, Christian and Cox, Sean}, title = {Collatz Sequences in the Light of Graph Theory}, edition = {2nd version}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43741}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437416}, pages = {21}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The Collatz conjecture is a number theoretical problem, which has puzzled countless researchers using myriad approaches. Presently, there are scarcely any methodologies to describe and treat the problem from the perspective of the Algebraic Theory of Automata. Such an approach is promising with respect to facilitating the comprehension of the Collatz sequence's "mechanics". The systematic technique of a state machine is both simpler and can fully be described by the use of algebraic means. The current gap in research forms the motivation behind the present contribution. The present authors are convinced that exploring the Collatz conjecture in an algebraic manner, relying on findings and fundamentals of Graph Theory and Automata Theory, will simplify the problem as a whole.}, language = {en} } @misc{HeineDoeringNoack2013, author = {Heine, Moreen and D{\"o}ring, Matthias and Noack, Sebastian}, title = {Open Government}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {115}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43678}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436784}, pages = {2}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Bis heute gelingt es kaum, Begriffe rund um die Verwaltungsreform - von New Public Management bis zu den E-Modellen - schl{\"u}ssig voneinander abzugrenzen. Dieses Defizit wird bei der Betrachtung des Konzepts Open Government erneut sichtbar. Der Begriff Open Government ist dabei nicht nur aus verwaltungswissenschaftlicher, sondern mit Blick auf die Instrumente der direkten Demokratie auch aus politikwissenschaftlicher Perspektive zu betrachten. Handelt es sich um einen Sammelbegriff f{\"u}r haupts{\"a}chlich schon Dagewesenes?}, language = {de} } @techreport{CaliendoKuennWeissenberger2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Caliendo, Marco and K{\"u}nn, Steffen and Weißenberger, Martin}, title = {Catching up or Lagging Behind?}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {12}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43701}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437012}, year = {2019}, abstract = {From an active labor market policy perspective, start-up subsidies for unemployed individuals are very effective in improving long-term labor market outcomes for participants. From a business perspective, however, the assessment of these public programs is less clear since they might attract individuals with low entrepreneurial abilities and produce businesses with low survival rates and little contribution to job creation, economic growth, and innovation. In this paper, we use a rich data set to compare participants of a German start-up subsidy program for unemployed individuals to a group of regular founders who started from nonunemployment and did not receive the subsidy. The data allows us to analyze their business performance up until 40 months after business formation. We find that formerly subsidized founders lag behind not only in survival and job creation, but especially also in innovation activities. The gaps in these business outcomes are relatively constant or even widening over time. Hence, we do not see any indication of catching up in the longer run. While the gap in survival can be entirely explained by initial differences in observable start-up characteristics, the gap in business development remains and seems to be the result of restricted access to capital as well as differential business strategies and dynamics. Considering these conflicting results for the assessment of the subsidy program from an ALMP and business perspective, policy makers need to carefully weigh the costs and benefits of such a strategy to find the right policy mix.}, language = {en} } @misc{HeuerOrland2019, author = {Heuer, Leonie and Orland, Andreas}, title = {Cooperation in the Prisoner's Dilemma}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {107}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43592}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435929}, pages = {9}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Cooperation is — despite not being predicted by game theory — a widely documented aspect of human behaviour in Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) situations. This article presents a comparison between subjects restricted to playing pure strategies and subjects allowed to play mixed strategies in a one-shot symmetric PD laboratory experiment. Subjects interact with 10 other subjects and take their decisions all at once. Because subjects in the mixed-strategy treatment group are allowed to condition their level of cooperation more precisely on their beliefs about their counterparts' level of cooperation, we predicted the cooperation rate in the mixed-strategy treatment group to be higher than in the pure-strategy control group. The results of our experiment reject our prediction: even after controlling for beliefs about the other subjects' level of cooperation, we find that cooperation in the mixed-strategy group is lower than in the pure-strategy group. We also find, however, that subjects in the mixedstrategy group condition their cooperative behaviour more closely on their beliefs than in the pure-strategy group. In the mixed-strategy group, most subjects choose intermediate levels of cooperation.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CaliendoGoethnerWeissenberger2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Goethner, Maximilian and Weißenberger, Martin}, title = {Entrepreneurial Persistence Beyond Survival: Measurement and Determinants}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {11}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43456}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434563}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Entrepreneurial persistence is demonstrated by an entrepreneur's continued positive maintenance of entrepreneurial motivation and constantly-renewed active engagement in a new business venture despite counter forces or enticing alternatives. It is thus a crucial factor for entrepreneurs when pursuing and exploiting their business opportunities and to realize potential economic gains and benefits. Using rich data on a representative sample of German business founders, we investigate the determinants of entrepreneurial persistence. Next to observed survival we also construct a hybrid persistence measure capturing also the motivational dimension of persistence. We analyze the influence of individual-level (human capital and personality) and business-related characteristics on both measures as well as their relative importance. We find that the two indicators emphasize different aspects of persistence. For the survival indicator, the predictive power is concentrated in business characteristics and human capital, while for hybrid persistence, the dominant factors are business characteristics and personality. Finally, we show that results are heterogeneous across subgroups. In particular, formerly-unemployed founders do not differ in survival chances, but they are more likely to lack a high psychological commitment to their business ventures.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BruttelFelgendreherGuethetal.2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Bruttel, Lisa Verena and Felgendreher, Simon and G{\"u}th, Werner and Hertwig, Ralph}, title = {Strategic ignorance in repeated prisoners' dilemma experiments and its effects on the dynamics of voluntary cooperation}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {10}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43188}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431881}, pages = {30}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Being ignorant of key aspects of a strategic interaction can represent an advantage rather than a handicap. We study one particular context in which ignorance can be beneficial: iterated strategic interactions in which voluntary cooperation may be sustained into the final round if players voluntarily forego knowledge about the time horizon. We experimentally examine this option to remain ignorant about the time horizon in a finitely repeated two-person prisoners' dilemma game. We confirm that pairs without horizon knowledge avoid the drop in cooperation that otherwise occurs toward the end of the game. However, this effect is superposed by cooperation declining more rapidly in pairs without horizon knowledge during the middle phase of the game, especially if players do not know that the other player also wanted to remain ignorant of the time horizon.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wulff2018, author = {Wulff, Alexander}, title = {Essays in macroeconomics and financial market imperfections}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42995}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429956}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 142}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This dissertation consists of four self-contained papers that deal with the implications of financial market imperfections and heterogeneity. The analysis mainly relates to the class of incomplete-markets models but covers different research topics. The first paper deals with the distributional effects of financial integration for developing countries. Based on a simple heterogeneous-agent approach, it is shown that capital owners experience large welfare losses while only workers moderately gain due to higher wages. The large welfare losses for capital owners contrast with the small average welfare gains from representative-agent economies and indicate that a strong opposition against capital market opening has to be expected. The second paper considers the puzzling observation of capital flows from poor to rich countries and the accompanying changes in domestic economic development. Motivated by the mixed results from the literature, we employ an incomplete-markets model with different types of idiosyncratic risk and borrowing constraints. Based on different scenarios, we analyze under what conditions the presence of financial market imperfections contributes to explain the empirical findings and how the conditions may change with different model assumptions. The third paper deals with the interplay of incomplete information and financial market imperfections in an incomplete-markets economy. In particular, it analyzes the impact of incomplete information about idiosyncratic income shocks on aggregate saving. The results show that the effect of incomplete information is not only quantitatively substantial but also qualitatively ambiguous and varies with the influence of the income risk and the borrowing constraint. Finally, the fourth paper analyzes the influence of different types of fiscal rules on the response of key macroeconomic variables to a government spending shock. We find that a strong temporary increase in public debt contributes to stabilizing consumption and leisure in the first periods following the change in government spending, whereas a non-debt-intensive fiscal rule leads to a faster recovery of consumption, leisure, capital and output in later periods. Regarding optimal debt policy, we find that a debt-intensive fiscal rule leads to the largest aggregate welfare benefit and that the individual welfare gain is particularly high for wealth-poor agents.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SultanowKochCox2019, author = {Sultanow, Eldar and Koch, Christian and Cox, Sean}, title = {Collatz Sequences in the Light of Graph Theory}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43008}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430089}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The Collatz conjecture is a number theoretical problem, which has puzzled countless researchers using myriad approaches. Presently, there are scarcely any methodologies to describe and treat the problem from the perspective of the Algebraic Theory of Automata. Such an approach is promising with respect to facilitating the comprehension of the Collatz sequences "mechanics". The systematic technique of a state machine is both simpler and can fully be described by the use of algebraic means. The current gap in research forms the motivation behind the present contribution. The present authors are convinced that exploring the Collatz conjecture in an algebraic manner, relying on findings and fundamentals of Graph Theory and Automata Theory, will simplify the problem as a whole.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KauffmannNastansky2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Kauffmann, Albrecht and Nastansky, Andreas}, title = {Explorative Analyse der Preise von Einfamilienh{\"a}usern und Eigentumswohnungen in Deutschland}, series = {Statistische Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge}, journal = {Statistische Diskussionsbeitr{\"a}ge}, number = {52}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42926}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429266}, pages = {47}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Untersucht werden die von BulwienGesa erhobenen und aufbereiteten jahresdurchschnittlichen Wiederverkaufspreise von Eigentumswohnungen und Einfamilienh{\"a}usern in 401 kreisfreien St{\"a}dten und Landkreisen f{\"u}r die Jahre 2004-2017. Dabei zeigt sich eine Zunahme der regionalen Streuung im Zeitverlauf vor allem in der auf die Finanzkrise 2007-2009 folgenden Zeit. Im Durchschnitt der Regionen (Landkreise und kreisfreie St{\"a}dte) steigen die Preise; sie entwickeln sich aber regional stark unterschiedlich (in manchen Regionen stagnieren sie oder sind gefallen). Dies f{\"u}hrt auch zur Zunahme der Variationskoeffizienten, also der relativen Streuung der regionalen Preise. Dies deutet auf eine Zunahme der regionalen Disparit{\"a}ten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Besondere Divergenzen zeigen sich zwischen den alten und den neuen Bundesl{\"a}ndern, wie auch zwischen prosperierenden kreisfreien St{\"a}dten und deren Umland und {\"o}konomisch schw{\"a}cheren St{\"a}dten und Landkreisen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Stolley2018, author = {Stolley, Florian}, title = {Four essays on altruism and compliance}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42801}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-428013}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ix, 129}, year = {2018}, abstract = {There are numerous situations in which people ask for something or make a request, e.g. asking a favor, asking for help or requesting compliance with specific norms. For this reason, how to ask for something in order to increase people's willingness to fulfill such requests is one of the most important question for many people working in various different fields of responsibility such as charitable giving, marketing, management or policy making. This dissertation consists of four chapters that deal with the effects of small changes in the decision-making environment on altruistic decision-making and compliance behavior. Most notably, written communication as an influencing factor is the focus of the first three chapters. The starting point was the question how to devise a request in order to maximize its chance of success (Chapter 1). The results of the first chapter originate the ideas for the second and third chapter. Chapter 2 analyzes how communication by a neutral third-party, i.e. a text from the experimenters that either reminds potential benefactors of their responsibility or highlights their freedom of choice, affects altruistic decision-making. Chapter 3 elaborates on the effect of thanking people in advance when asking them for help. While being not as closely related to the other chapters as the three first ones are, the fourth chapter deals as well with the question how compliance (here: compliance with norms and rules) is affected by subtle manipulations of the environment in which decisions are made. This chapter analyzes the effect of default settings in a tax return on tax compliance. In order to study the research questions outlined above, controlled experiments were conducted. Chapter 1, which analyzes the effect of text messages on the decision to give something to another person, employs a mini-dictator game. The recipient sends a free-form text message to the dictator before the latter makes a binary decision whether or not to give part of her or his endowment to the recipient. We find that putting effort into the message by writing a long note without spelling mistakes increases dictators' willingness to give. Moreover, writing in a humorous way and mentioning reasons why the money is needed pays off. Furthermore, men and women seem to react differently to some message categories. Only men react positively to efficiency arguments, while only women react to messages that emphasize the dictator's power and responsibility. Building on this last result, Chapter 2 attempts to disentangle the effect of reminding potential benefactors of their responsibility for the potential beneficiary and the effect of highlighting their decision power and freedom of choice on altruistic decision-making by studying the effects of two different texts on giving in a dictator game. We find that only men react positively to a text that stresses their responsibility for the recipient by giving more to her or him, whereas only women seem to react positively to a text that emphasizes their decision power and freedom of choice. Chapter 3 focuses on the compliance with a request. In the experiment, participants are asked to provide a detailed answer to an open question. Compliance is measured by the effort participants spend on answering the question. The treatment variable is whether or not they see the text "thanks in advance." We find that participants react negatively by putting less effort into complying with the request in response to the phrase "thanks in advance." Chapter 4 studies the effect of prefilled tax returns with mostly inaccurate default values on tax compliance. In a laboratory experiment, participants earn income by performing a real-effort task and must subsequently file a tax return for three consecutive rounds. In the main treatment, the tax return is prefilled with a default value, resulting from participants' own performance in previous rounds, which varies in its relative size. The results suggest that there is no lasting effect of a default value on tax honesty, neither for relatively low nor relatively high defaults. However, participants who face a default that is lower than their true income in the first round evade significantly and substantially more taxes in this round than participants in the control treatment without a default.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BorckSchrauth2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Borck, Rainald and Schrauth, Philipp}, title = {Population density and urban air quality}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {8}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42771}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427719}, pages = {53}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We use panel data from Germany to analyze the effect of population density on urban air pollution (nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and ozone). To address unobserved heterogeneity and omitted variables, we present long difference/fixed effects estimates and instrumental variables estimates, using historical population and soil quality as instruments. Our preferred estimates imply that a one-standard deviation increase in population density increases air pollution by 3-12\%.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BruttelNithammerStolley2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Bruttel, Lisa Verena and Nithammer, Juri and Stolley, Florian}, title = {"Thanks in Advance"}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {7}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42770}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427706}, pages = {18}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This paper studies the effect of the commonly used phrase "thanks in advance" on compliance with a small request. In a controlled laboratory experiment we ask participants to give a detailed answer to an open question. The treatment variable is whether or not they see the phrase "thanks in advance." Our participants react to the treatment by exerting less effort in answering the request even though they perceive the phrase as polite.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CaliendoTuebbicke2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Caliendo, Marco and T{\"u}bbicke, Stefan}, title = {New Evidence on Long-Term Effects of Start-Up Subsidies}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {6}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42679}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426798}, pages = {41}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The German start-up subsidy (SUS) program for the unemployed has recently undergone a major make-over, altering its institutional setup, adding an additional layer of selection and leading to ambiguous predictions of the program's effectiveness. Using propensity score matching (PSM) as our main empirical approach, we provide estimates of long-term effects of the post-reform subsidy on individual employment prospects and labor market earnings up to 40 months after entering the program. Our results suggest large and persistent long-term effects of the subsidy on employment probabilities and net earned income. These effects are larger than what was estimated for the pre-reform program. Extensive sensitivity analyses within the standard PSM framework reveal that the results are robust to different choices regarding the implementation of the weighting procedure and also with respect to deviations from the conditional independence assumption. As a further assessment of the results' sensitivity, we go beyond the standard selection-on-observables approach and employ an instrumental variable setup using regional variation in the likelihood of receiving treatment. Here, we exploit the fact that the reform increased the discretionary power of local employment agencies in allocating active labor market policy funds, allowing us to obtain a measure of local preferences for SUS as the program of choice. The results based on this approach give rise to similar estimates. Thus, our results indicating that SUS are still an effective active labor market program after the reform do not appear to be driven by "hidden bias".}, language = {en} } @techreport{Bruttel2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Bruttel, Lisa Verena}, title = {Is There a Loyalty-Enhancing Effect of Retroactive Price-Reduction Schemes?}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {5}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42768}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427688}, pages = {25}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This paper presents an experiment on the effect of retroactive price-reduction schemes on buyers' repeated purchase decisions. Such schemes promise buyers a reduced price for all units that are bought in a certain time frame if the total quantity that is purchased passes a given threshold. This study finds a loyalty-enhancing effect of retroactive price-reduction schemes only if the buyers ex-ante expected that entering into the scheme would maximize their monetary gain, but later learn that they should leave the scheme. Furthermore, the effect crucially hinges on the framing of the price reduction.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AudretschHafensteinKritikosetal.2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Audretsch, David B. and Hafenstein, Marian and Kritikos, Alexander and Schiersch, Alexander}, title = {Firm Size and Innovation in the Service Sector}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {4}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42767}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427670}, pages = {46}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A rich literature links knowledge inputs with innovative outputs. However, most of what is known is restricted to manufacturing. This paper analyzes whether the three aspects involving innovative activity - R\&D; innovative output; and productivity - hold for knowledge intensive services. Combining the models of Crepon et al. (1998) and of Ackerberg et al. (2015), allows for causal interpretation of the relationship between innovation output and labor productivity. We find that knowledge intensive services benefit from innovation activities in the sense that these activities causally increase their labor productivity. Moreover, the firm size advantage found for manufacturing in previous studies nearly disappears for knowledge intensive services.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mielke2018, author = {Mielke, Jahel}, title = {Coordination on Green Investment}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42745}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427459}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {viii, 209}, year = {2018}, abstract = {To reach its climate targets, the European Union has to implement a major sustainability transition in the coming decades. While the socio-technical change required for this transition is well discussed in the academic literature, the economics that go along with it are often reduced to a cost-benefit perspective of climate policy measures. By investigating climate change mitigation as a coordination problem, this thesis offers a novel perspective: It integrates the economic and the socio-technical dimension and thus allows to better understand the opportunities of a sustainability transition in Europe. First, a game theoretic framework is developed to illustrate coordination on green or brown investment from an agent perspective. A model based on the coordination game "stag hunt" is used to discuss the influence of narratives and signals for green investment as a means to coordinate expectations towards green growth. Public and private green investment impulses - triggered by credible climate policy measures and targets - serve as an example for a green growth perspective for Europe in line with a sustainability transition. This perspective also embodies a critical view on classical analyses of climate policy measures. Secondly, this analysis is enriched with empirical results derived from stakeholder involvement. In interviews and with a survey among European insurance companies, coordination mechanisms such as market and policy signals are identified and evaluated by their impact on investment strategies for green infrastructure. The latter, here defined as renewable energy, electricity distribution and transmission as well as energy efficiency improvements, is considered a central element of the transition to a low-carbon society. Thirdly, this thesis identifies and analyzes major criticisms raised towards stakeholder involvement in sustainability science. On a conceptual level, different ways of conducting such qualitative research are classified. This conceptualization is then evaluated by scientists, thereby generating empirical evidence on ideals and practices of stakeholder involvement in sustainability science. Through the combination of theoretical and empirical research on coordination problems, this thesis offers several contributions: On the one hand, it outlines an approach that allows to assess the economic opportunities of sustainability transitions. This is helpful for policy makers in Europe that are striving to implement climate policy measures addressing the targets of the Paris Agreement as well as to encourage a shift of investments towards green infrastructure. On the other hand, this thesis enhances the stabilization of the theoretical foundations in sustainability science. Therefore, it can aid researchers who involve stakeholders when studying sustainability transitions.}, language = {en} } @techreport{CaliendoSchroederWittbrodt2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Caliendo, Marco and Schr{\"o}der, Carsten and Wittbrodt, Linda}, title = {The Causal Effects of the Minimum Wage Introduction in Germany}, series = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, journal = {CEPA Discussion Papers}, number = {1}, issn = {2628-653X}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42692}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426929}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In 2015, Germany introduced a statutory hourly minimum wage that was not only universally binding but also set at a relatively high level. We discuss the short-run effects of this new minimum wage on a wide set of socio-economic outcomes, such as employment and working hours, earnings and wage inequality, dependent and self-employment, as well as reservation wages and satisfaction. We also discuss difficulties in the implementation of the minimum wage and the measurement of its effects related to non-compliance and suitability of data sources. Two years after the minimum wage introduction, the following conclusions can be drawn: while hourly wages increased for low-wage earners, some small negative employment effects are also identifiable. The effects on aspired goals, such as poverty and inequality reduction, have not materialized in the short run. Instead, a tendency to reduce working hours is found, which alleviates the desired positive impact on monthly income. Additionally, the level of non-compliance was substantial in the short run, thus drawing attention to problems when implementing such a wide-reaching policy.}, language = {en} } @misc{Victor2019, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Victor, Vincent}, title = {The Role of Bargaining Power}, series = {Potsdam Economic Papers}, journal = {Potsdam Economic Papers}, number = {6}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-449-4}, issn = {2197-8069}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42068}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420689}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Neoclassical theory omits the role of bargaining power in the determination of wages. As a result, the importance of changes in the bargaining position for the development of income shares in the last decades is underestimated. This paper presents a theoretical argument why collective bargaining power is a main determinant of workers' share of income and how its decline contributed to the severe changes in the distribution of income since the 1980s. In order to confirm this hypothesis, a panel data regression analysis is performed that suggests that unions significantly influence the distribution of income in developed countries.}, language = {en} } @misc{Holtz2018, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Holtz, Johannes Niklas}, title = {Civil servants' commitment to change - a factor of success regarding the reform of public budgeting and accounting in the State of Brandenburg?}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2190-4561}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420792}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {IV, 79}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This study investigates the reform of the public budgeting and accounting system (Doppik) in Brandenburg. On the one hand, this thesis aims to identify the key variables shaping employees' commitment to change and, on the other hand, to examine the extent employees' commitment to change influences the implementation process of the reform. The results of this study show that the commitment of civil servants towards the Doppik is primarily determined by the content, but also by the context of the reform. Moreover, it is revealed for the case of Brandenburg that civil servants' affective commitment to change has a significant positive influence on the perceived success of the reform implementation. The results of the study are not only of high scientific importance, but also of practical relevance. The recommendations developed in this study offer grounded guidelines on how to successfully implement the Doppik on local level in Brandenburg.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Carstensen2018, author = {Carstensen, Janet}, title = {Modellentwicklung f{\"u}r eine wirtschaftsorientierte Ausbildung vor dem Hintergrund des Generationenwandels am Beispiel Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417542}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 217, L}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die deutsche Berufsausbildung hat in den vergangenen Jahren stark an Zuspruch verloren. Dies trifft insbesondere auch auf die duale kaufm{\"a}nnische Berufsausbildung zu. Galt sie vor einigen Jahren noch als ein m{\"o}glicher Ausbildungsweg f{\"u}r leistungsstarke Sch{\"u}ler/-innen, pr{\"a}ferieren diese heute zum großen Teil das Studium. Die wachsende Anzahl an Studienabbrechern belegt jedoch, dass dadurch auch Potenzial verloren geht, weil sich Jugendliche mit dem Studium f{\"u}r einen Ausbildungsweg entscheiden, der f{\"u}r sie nicht geeignet ist. Bisherige Bem{\"u}hungen zur Etablierung alternativer Bildungswege wie zum Beispiel Berufsakademien weisen zwar Erfolge auf, basieren jedoch auf einem Konzept, das sich ausschließlich am Bedarf der Wirtschaft orientiert. Es ist jedoch die {\"U}berzeugung der Autorin, dass neue innovative Bildungswege auch die Bed{\"u}rfnisse und Vorstellungen derjenigen ber{\"u}cksichtigen m{\"u}ssen, f{\"u}r die sie entworfen werden. Denn die Generation der heutigen Jugendlichen zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie ein anderes Wertekonzept als ihre Vorg{\"a}ngergenerationen aufweist. Die Dissertation entwickelt daher ein Modell einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung, welches sich aus unterschiedlichen motivationstheoretischen Elementen ableitet und zugleich die Werte der Generation der heutigen Jugend-lichen ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Es umfasst sowohl die Anreiz-Beitrags-Theorie nach Barnard als auch die Inhalts-Erwartungstheorie nach Vroom. Zudem liegt ein Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit auf der Anpassung der Zwei-Faktoren-Theorie nach Herzberg auf die heutige Zeit. Empirisch basiert die Dissertation auf einem dreistufigen Untersuchungsdesign. Die erste Stufe umfasst eine quantitative Befragung von insgesamt 459 Abiturienten/-innen und 100 Studierenden. In der zweiten Stufe wurden 10 Studieren-de und 12 Abiturienten/-innen qualitativ befragt. Eine Validierung der Ergebnis-se erfolgte in der dritten Stufe mittels Experteninterviews. Das Ziel der empirischen Untersuchung bestand in der {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung von vier Hypothesen als Basis zur Modellableitung: Hypothese H1 - Flexibilit{\"a}t erh{\"o}ht die Attraktivit{\"a}t einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung: Der Faktor Flexibilit{\"a}t wurde als ein relevanter Motivator f{\"u}r die Wahl eines Ausbildungsweges identifiziert. Jugendliche wollen sich heutzutage nicht sofort bzw. nicht zu fr{\"u}h festlegen m{\"u}ssen. Hypothese H2 - Auslandsaufenthalte erh{\"o}hen die Attraktivit{\"a}t einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung: Es wurde best{\"a}tigt, dass Auslandsaufenthalte die Attraktivit{\"a}t einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung steigert, es besteht jedoch eine Reihe von Barrieren, die Jugendliche (obwohl sie den grunds{\"a}tzlichen Vor-teil sehen) davon abhalten, einen Auslandsaufenthalt f{\"u}r sich selbst in Betracht zu ziehen. Hypothese H3 - Das Aufzeigen einer Karriereperspektive erh{\"o}ht die Attraktivit{\"a}t einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung: F{\"u}r die Generation der heutigen Jugendlichen steht bez{\"u}glich der Wahl ihres Ausbildungsweges die Aussicht auf eine T{\"a}tigkeit im Vordergrund, die ein gesichertes Einkommen und somit ein gutes Leben erm{\"o}glicht und zudem aus ihrer Sicht eine gewisse Sinnhaftigkeit hat. F{\"u}hrungspositionen, in denen auch h{\"o}here Verantwortung {\"u}bernommen wird, strebt nur eine Minderheit an. Hypothese H4 - Zus{\"a}tzliche monet{\"a}re Anreize erh{\"o}hen die Attraktivit{\"a}t einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung: Verg{\"u}tungsbestandteile werden grunds{\"a}tzlich nicht abgelehnt (das w{\"a}re auch irrational), haben jedoch auch nicht die Anreizfunktion, die ihr auf Basis der Voruntersuchung im Rahmen dieser Arbeit h{\"a}tte unterstellt werden k{\"o}nnen. F{\"u}r die Entscheidungsfindung bez{\"u}glich eines Ausbildungsweges spielen sie nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Dennoch tr{\"a}gt die Verg{\"u}tung zur Attraktivit{\"a}t eines Ausbildungsweges bei. Basierend auf den zuvor genannten Ergebnissen wurde das Modell einer wirtschaftsorientieren Ausbildung abgeleitet, das sowohl horizontal als auch vertikal flexibel ist. Horizontale Flexibilit{\"a}t ist dadurch gegeben, dass innerhalb eines Ausbildungsjahres unterschiedliche Unternehmen und Branchen kennengelernt werden (Jahr 1 und Jahr 2). Eine Spezialisierung erfolgt erst in den sp{\"a}teren Ausbildungsjahren. Durch die M{\"o}glichkeit, nach jedem Ausbildungsjahr mit einem Abschluss ins Berufsleben zu wechseln und die Ausbildung gegebenenfalls zu einem sp{\"a}teren Zeitpunkt fortzusetzen, ist auch eine vertikale Flexibilit{\"a}t gegeben. Zudem bietet das Modell Studienabbrechern/-innen die M{\"o}glichkeit, im Ausbildungsjahr 2 bzw. 3 in die Ausbildung einzusteigen. Im Jahr 2 und/oder Jahr 3 sind Auslandsaufenthalte integriert. Diese werden fakultativ an-geboten. Bereits ab dem Jahr 1 besteht die M{\"o}glichkeit, Vorbereitungskurse zu belegen. Der hohen Bedeutung der Karriereperspektive wird im abgeleiteten Modell auf mehreren Ebenen Rechnung getragen. So werden nach jedem Ausbildungsjahr anerkannte Abschl{\"u}sse erreicht. W{\"a}hrend diese in den Jahren 1 und 2 mit IHK-Abschl{\"u}ssen gleichzusetzen sind, beginnen ab Jahr 3 die akademischen Graduierungen (Jahr 3 Bachelor, Jahr 4 Master). Die Verg{\"u}tung wird Bestandteil einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung, wobei ihre H{\"o}he mit Dauer der Ausbildung zunimmt. Da mit der Einf{\"u}hrung des Modells einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung die {\"U}berwindung von institutionellen Paradigmen und Schranken verbunden sind, erfolgte im Rahmen des Ausblicks der Arbeit eine weitere Expertenbefragung bez{\"u}glich seiner Umsetzbarkeit. Es setzt eine Beweglichkeit von institutioneller Seite voraus (hierbei insbesondere auch von den Kammern), die von der Mehr-zahl der Experten derzeit skeptisch gesehen wird. Die konzeptionelle Ausgestaltung findet grunds{\"a}tzlichen Zuspruch, wobei in einigen Details, zum Beispiel in der Dauer der Ausbildung, noch Kl{\"a}rungsbedarf besteht. Grunds{\"a}tzlich schließen sich die Experten/-innen der Meinung der Autorin an, dass ein Sinneswandel in der deutschen Ausbildungslandschaft gew{\"u}nscht und gefordert wird. Dies betrifft insbesondere auch den kaufm{\"a}nnischen Bereich. Diese Arbeit liefert mit dem Modell der wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Diskussion {\"u}ber neue Ausbildungswege.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Sakowski2018, author = {Sakowski, Fabian}, title = {Bodennutzung in der New Economic Geography}, series = {Potsdamer Schriften zur Raumwirtschaft}, journal = {Potsdamer Schriften zur Raumwirtschaft}, number = {7}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-426-5}, issn = {2190-8702}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413737}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiv, 290}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Mit der New Economic Geography (NEG) kann die Verteilung von Unternehmen und Arbeitskr{\"a}ften auf Regionen modellhaft diskutiert werden. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, welche r{\"a}umlichen Verteilungen der mobilen Arbeitskr{\"a}fte und Unternehmen in einem NEG-Modellansatz resultieren, wenn die Gr{\"o}ße einer Region und damit der ihr zur Verf{\"u}gung stehende Boden, die zu {\"u}berwindende Distanz f{\"u}r den G{\"u}tertransport innerhalb der Regionen, sowie Bodennutzungskonkurrenzen zwischen Wohnen, Industrie und Landwirtschaft ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Auch wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Wohlfahrtswirkungen hierbei resultieren.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Konon2018, author = {Konon, Alexander}, title = {Essays on career choice under risk and ambiguity}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416466}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 250, xxxv}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This dissertation consists of five self-contained essays, addressing different aspects of career choices, especially the choice of entrepreneurship, under risk and ambiguity. In Chapter 2, the first essay develops an occupational choice model with boundedly rational agents, who lack information, receive noisy feedback, and are restricted in their decisions by their personality, to analyze and explain puzzling empirical evidence on entrepreneurial decision processes. In the second essay, in Chapter 3, I contribute to the literature on entrepreneurial choice by constructing a general career choice model on the basis of the assumption that outcomes are partially ambiguous. The third essay, in Chapter 4, theoretically and empirically analyzes the impact of media on career choices, where information on entrepreneurship provided by the media is treated as an informational shock affecting prior beliefs. The fourth essay, presented in Chapter 5, contains an empirical analysis of the effects of cyclical macro variables (GDP and unemployment) on innovative start-ups in Germany. In the fifth, and last, essay in Chapter 6, we examine whether information on personality is useful for advice, using the example of career advice.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Weiss2018, author = {Weiß, Katharina}, title = {Three Essays on EFRAG}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415355}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {II, 180}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This cumulative doctoral thesis consists of three papers that deal with the role of one specific European accounting player in the international accounting standard-setting, namely the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG). The first paper examines whether and how EFRAG generally fulfills its role in articulating Europe's interests toward the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The qualitative data from the conducted interviews reveal that EFRAG influences the IASB's decision making at a very early stage, long before other constituents are officially asked to comment on the IASB's proposals. The second paper uses quantitative data and investigates the formal participation behavior of European constituents that seek to determine EFRAG's voice. More precisely, this paper analyzes the nature of the constituents' participation in EFRAG's due process in terms of representation (constituent groups and geographical distribution) and the drivers of their participation behavior. EFRAG's official decision making process is dominated by some specific constituent groups (such as preparers and the accounting profession) and by constituents from some specific countries (e.g. those with effective enforcement regimes). The third paper investigates in a first step who of the European constituents choose which lobbying channel (participation only at IASB, only at EFRAG, or at both institutions) and unveils in a second step possible reasons for their lobbying choices. The paper comprises quantitative and qualitative data. It reveals that English skills, time issues, the size of the constituent, and the country of origin are factors that can explain why the majority participates only in the IASB's due process.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schiprowski2017, author = {Schiprowski, Amelie}, title = {Four empirical essays on the economics of job search}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413508}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiii, 209}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Modern welfare states aim at designing unemployment insurance (UI) schemes which minimize the length of unemployment spells. A variety of institutions and incentives, which are embedded in UI schemes across OECD countries, reflect this attempt. For instance, job seekers entering UI are often provided with personal support through a caseworker. They also face the requirement to regularly submit a minimum number of job applications, which is typically enforced through benefit cuts in the case of non-compliance. Moreover, job seekers may systematically receive information on their re-employment prospects. As a consequence, UI design has become a complex task. Policy makers need to define not only the amount and duration of benefit payments, but also several other choice parameters. These include the intensity and quality of personal support through caseworkers, the level of job search requirements, the strictness of enforcement, and the information provided to unemployed individuals. Causal estimates on how these parameters affect re-employment outcomes are thus central inputs to the design of modern UI systems: how much do individual caseworkers influence the transition out of unemployment? Does the requirement of an additional job application translate into increased job finding? Do individuals behave differently when facing a strict versus mild enforcement system? And how does information on re-employment prospects influence the job search decision? This dissertation proposes four novel research designs to answer this question. Chapters one to three elaborate quasi-experimental identification strategies, which are applied to large-scale administrative data from Switzerland. They, respectively, measure how personal interactions with caseworkers (chapter one), the level of job search requirements (chapter two) and the strictness of enforcement (chapter three) affect re-employment outcomes. Chapter four proposes a structural estimation approach, based on linked survey and administrative data from Germany. It studies how over-optimism on future wage offers affects the decision to search for work, and how the provision of information changes this decision.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{SarnesNitu2018, author = {Sarnes-Nitu, Juliane}, title = {Mit der Schuldenbremse zu nachhaltigen Staatsfinanzen?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413804}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {294}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The core question of this paper is: Does the debt brake secure fiscal sustainability in Germany? To answer this question, we will first examine the effects of the introduction of the debt brake on the German federal states in the period 2010-16. For this purpose, the observed consolidation performance and the consolidation incentive or pressure experienced by the federal states were evaluated with the help of a scorecard specifically developed for this purpose. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze how the scorecard factors affect the consolidation performance of the federal states. It found that nearly 90\% of the variation was explained by the independent variables budgetary position, debt burden, revenue growth and pension burden. Thus the debt brake likely played a subordinate role in the 2009-2016 consolidation episode. Subsequently, the data collected in 65 expert interviews was used to analyze the limits of the new fiscal rule, and to determine which potential risks could hinder or prevent the debt brake in the future: municipal debt, FEUs, contingent liabilities in the form of guarantees for financial institutions and pension obligations. The frequently expressed criticism that the debt brake impedes economic growth and public investments is also reviewed and rejected. Finally, we discuss potential future developments regarding the debt brake and the German public administration as well as future consolidation efforts of the L{\"a}nder.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kraft2018, author = {Kraft, Frederik}, title = {Be Creative, Now!}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414009}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VII, 230}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Purpose - This thesis set out to explore, describe, and evaluate the reality behind the rhetoric of freedom and control in the context of creativity. The overarching subject is concerned with the relationship between creativity, freedom, and control, considering freedom is also seen as an element of control to manage creativity. Design/methodology/approach - In-depth qualitative data gathered from at two innovative start-ups. Two ethnographic studies were conducted. The data are based on participatory observations, interviews, and secondary sources, each of which included a three months field study and a total of 41 interviews from both organizations. Findings - The thesis provides explanations for the practice of freedom and the control of creativity within organizations and expands the existing theory of neo-normative control. The findings indicate that organizations use complex control systems that allow a high degree of freedom that paradoxically leads to more control. Freedom is a cover of control, which in turn leads to creativity. Covert control even results in the responsibility to be creative outside working hours. Practical implications - Organizations, which rely on creativity might use the results of this thesis. Positive workplace control of creativity provides both freedom and structure for creative work. While freedom leads to organizational members being more motivated and committing themselves more strongly to their and the organization's goals, and a specific structure also helps to provide the requirements for creativity. Originality/value - The thesis provides an insight into an approach to workplace control, which has mostly neglected in creativity research and proposes a modified concept of neo-normative control. It serves to provide a further understanding of freedom for creativity and to challenge the liberal claims of new control forms.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wagner2017, author = {Wagner, Mario}, title = {Industrie 4.0 und demografische Entwicklung aus strukturationstheoretischer Sicht}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412230}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {235}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines heuristischen Bezugsrahmens zur Erkl{\"a}rung der Komplexit{\"a}t im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 und der demografischen Entwicklung aus strukturationstheoretischer Sicht. Dabei sind in Bezug auf die zuk{\"u}nftig zu erwartenden kognitiven Anforderungen an die Besch{\"a}ftigten die Fragen essentiell, vor welchen Herausforderungen Unternehmen bez{\"u}glich der Einstellung und dem Verhalten sowie dem Erfahrungswissen der Besch{\"a}ftigten stehen und welche L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze sich im Umgang mit den Herausforderungen in der Praxis bisher als hilfreich erweisen. In Kapitel 1 erfolgt zun{\"a}chst die Beschreibung der Ausgangslage. Es werden die Begriffe Industrie 4.0 und demografische Entwicklung inhaltlich diskutiert und in einen theoretischen Zusammenhang gebracht. In Kapitel 2 erfolgt die theoretische Fundierung der Arbeit. Dabei wird eine strukturationstheoretische Sicht auf Unternehmen als soziotechnische Systeme eingenommen. Durch diese „nicht deterministische" Sichtweise wird ein prozessualer Blick auf den Wandlungsprozess in Unternehmen geschaffen, der es m{\"o}glich macht, die Besch{\"a}ftigten als aktiv handelnde Akteure im Sinne von „organisieren" zur Erkl{\"a}rung m{\"o}glicher Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Industrie 4.0 und der demografischen Entwicklung mit einzubeziehen. Der soziotechnische Systemansatz und die Strukturationstheorie bilden in diesem Sinne den „Kern" des zu entwickelnden heuristischen Bezugsrahmens. Die inhaltliche Gestaltung des theoriebasierten heuristischen Bezugsrahmens erfolgt in Kapitel 3 und Kapitel 4. Kapitel 3 beschreibt ausgew{\"a}hlte Aspekte zuk{\"u}nftiger Anforderungen an die Arbeit, die durch eine systematische Aufbereitung des derzeitigen Forschungsstandes zu Industrie 4.0 ermittelt wurden. Sie bilden die „Gestaltungsgrenzen", innerhalb derer sich je nach betrieblicher Situation unterschiedliche neue oder ge{\"a}nderte Anforderungen an die Besch{\"a}ftigten bei der Gestaltung von Industrie 4.0 ableiten lassen. In Kapitel 4 werden ausgew{\"a}hlte Aspekte menschlichen Handelns am Beispiel {\"a}lterer Besch{\"a}ftigter in Form zweier Schwerpunkte beschrieben. Der erste Schwerpunkt betrifft m{\"o}gliche Einflussfaktoren auf die Einstellung und das Verhalten {\"a}lterer Besch{\"a}ftigter im Wandlungsprozess aufgrund eines vorherrschenden Altersbildes im Unternehmen. Grundlage hierzu bildete die Stigmatisierungstheorie als interaktionistischer Ansatz der Sozialtheorie. Mit dem zweiten Schwerpunkt, den ausgew{\"a}hlten handlungstheoretischen Aspekten der Alternsforschung aus der Entwicklungspsychologie, wird eine Lebensspannenperspektive eingenommen. Inhaltlich werden die komplexit{\"a}tsinduzierten Faktoren, die sich aus handlungstheoretischer Perspektive mit der Adaptation von {\"a}lteren Besch{\"a}ftigten an ver{\"a}nderte {\"a}ußere und pers{\"o}nliche Lebensbedingungen besch{\"a}ftigen, systematisiert. Anschließend wird auf Grundlage der bisherigen theoretischen Vor{\"u}berlegungen ein erster theoriebasierter Bezugsrahmen abgeleitet. Kapitel 5 und Kapitel 6 beschreiben den empirischen Teil, die Durchf{\"u}hrung teilstrukturierter Interviews, der Arbeit. Ziel der empirischen Untersuchung war es, neben der theoretischen Fundierung den theoriebasierten heuristischen Bezugsrahmen um Praxiserfahrungen zu konkretisieren und gegebenenfalls zu erg{\"a}nzen. Hierzu wurde auf Grundlage des theoriebasierten heuristischen Bezugsrahmens mittels teilstrukturierter Interviews das Erfahrungswissen von 23 Experten in pers{\"o}nlichen Gespr{\"a}chen abgefragt. Nachdem in Kapitel 5 die Vorgehensweise der empirischen Untersuchung beschrieben wird, erfolgt in Kapitel 6 die Beschreibung der Ergebnisse aus der qualitativen Befragung. Hierzu werden aus den pers{\"o}nlichen Gespr{\"a}chen zentrale Einflussfaktoren bei der Gestaltung und Umsetzung von Industrie 4.0 im Kontext mit der demografischen Entwicklung analysiert und in die {\"u}bergeordneten Kategorien Handlungskompetenzen, Einstellung/ Verhalten sowie Erfahrungswissen geclustert. Anschließend wird der theoriebasierte heuristische Bezugsrahmen durch die {\"u}bergeordneten Kategorien und Faktoren aus den Expertengespr{\"a}chen konkretisiert und erg{\"a}nzt. In Kapitel 7 werden auf Grundlage des heuristischen Bezugsrahmens sowie der Empfehlungen aus den Experteninterviews beispielhaft Implikationen f{\"u}r die Praxis abgeleitet. Es werden Interventionsm{\"o}glichkeiten zur Unterst{\"u}tzung einer positiven Ver{\"a}nderungsbereitschaft und einem positiven Ver{\"a}nderungsverhalten f{\"u}r den Strukturwandel aufgezeigt. Hierzu geh{\"o}ren die Anpassung des F{\"u}hrungsverhaltens im Wandlungsprozess, der Umgang mit der Paradoxie von Stabilit{\"a}t und Flexibilit{\"a}t, der Umgang mit Altersstereotypen in Unternehmen, die Unterst{\"u}tzung von Strategien zu Selektion, Optimierung und Kompensation sowie Maßnahmen zur Ausrichtung von Aktivit{\"a}ten an die Potenzialrisiken der Besch{\"a}ftigten. Eine Zusammenfassung, ein Res{\"u}mee und ein Ausblick erfolgen abschließend in Kapitel 8.}, language = {de} } @book{Birk2016, author = {Birk, Dolores}, title = {Mikrofinanzinstitutionen und ihre soziale Performance - eine Literaturdiskussion}, series = {Schriftenreihe f{\"u}r Public und Nonprofit Management}, journal = {Schriftenreihe f{\"u}r Public und Nonprofit Management}, issn = {2190-4561}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410856}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {III, 44}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit dem Einfluss der Organisationsform von Mikrofinanzinstitutionen (MFIs) auf deren soziale Performance. In diesem Kontext wird die soziale Performance als die direkte {\"U}bersetzung der sozialen Mission der MFIs in die Praxis verstanden. Konkret wird die soziale Performance der zwei Organisationsformen Shareholder Owned Firm (SOF) sowie Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) betrachtet und verglichen. Dieser Vergleich st{\"u}tzt sich auf die in der Fachwelt h{\"a}ufig vertretene Annahme, dass NGO MFIs eine h{\"o}here soziale Performance aufweisen als SOF MFIs, da sie dem Nonprofit-Sektor zugeschrieben werden k{\"o}nnen. Die bis dato vorhandenen relevanten empirischen Forschungen zu dem Thema werden anhand einer Literaturdiskussion analysiert. Bislang existiert nur eine relativ geringe Anzahl an empirischen Forschungen in diesem Themenfeld, da die Erforschung der sozialen Performance von MFIs ein recht neues Forschungsgebiet darstellt. Die Ergebnisse der Literaturdiskussion verdeutlichen zudem, dass hinsichtlich des Einflusses der Organisationsform von MFIs auf deren soziale Performance keine eindeutige Aussage getroffen werden kann, da die betrachteten Studien zu unterschiedlichen Resultaten kommen. Die Ergebnisse deuten jedoch darauf hin, dass in einigen geografischen Regionen der Welt NGO MFIs eine bessere soziale Performance aufweisen als SOF MFIs. Insgesamt liefert die Arbeit einen wichtigen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den Forschungsstand auf diesem Forschungsgebiet und deckt diverse Forschungsl{\"u}cken auf, welche in zuk{\"u}nftigen Untersuchungen ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden sollten.}, language = {de} } @book{Marienfeldt2016, author = {Marienfeldt, Justine}, title = {Qualit{\"a}tsmanagement in Nonprofit-Organisationen}, series = {Schriftenreihe f{\"u}r Public und Nonprofit Management}, journal = {Schriftenreihe f{\"u}r Public und Nonprofit Management}, issn = {2190-4561}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408877}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {I, 30}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit Qualit{\"a}tsmanagementsystemen in Nonprofit-Organisationen. Sie stellt dabei das Spannungsfeld verschiedener Akteursinteressen innerhalb von Nonprofit-Organisationen in den Vordergrund. Dies erfolgt anhand des mikropolitischen Ansatzes, der allen Akteuren innerhalb einer Organisation eigene Interessen zugesteht, die sie durch Taktiken und Strategien in Machtk{\"a}mpfen versuchen durchzusetzen. Untersucht wird der Prozess der Entstehung und Evaluation von konkreten Maßnahmen, den sogenannten Qualit{\"a}tszielen, und den Einfluss von p{\"a}dagogischen Mitarbeitenden auf deren Formulierung. Dies erfolgt anhand einer Einzelfallstudie. Mithilfe von qualitativen Interviews wurde untersucht, inwieweit p{\"a}dagogische Mitarbeitende die Einflussm{\"o}glichkeiten des Qualit{\"a}tsmanagementsystems zur strategischen Organisationsentwicklung und Durchsetzung eigener Interessen nutzen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es zwei Typen von Mitarbeitenden gibt, aktive und passive, die entweder einen Machtgewinn oder -verlust erleben. Aufgrund der kooperativen Art der Kommunikation und Entscheidungsfindung sowie kaum divergierenden Interessen zwischen den verschiedenen Akteuren bleiben die vorhandenen Einflussm{\"o}glichkeiten im Sinne von organisationsinternen Machtk{\"a}mpfen und mikropolitischen Taktiken bisher jedoch weitestgehend ungenutzt. Diese Falleigenschaften erkl{\"a}ren, wieso der mikropolitische Ansatz bei der Analyse nicht zu den antizipierten Resultaten gef{\"u}hrt hat.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Pavleski2018, author = {Pavleski, Stefan}, title = {Arbeitslosigkeit in S{\"u}dosteuropa im Kontext der EU-Integration}, series = {Potsdam Economic Studies}, journal = {Potsdam Economic Studies}, number = {7}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-421-0}, issn = {2196-8691}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404287}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxi, 263}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit besteht aus drei Aufs{\"a}tzen. Der erste Aufsatz („Die Arbeitsmarktpolitik in S{\"u}dosteuropa: Von der Transformation bis zur EU-Integration") er{\"o}rtert die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen in S{\"u}dosteuropa und die damit einhergehenden Entwicklungen auf den jeweiligen Arbeitsm{\"a}rkten seit 1991. Im Fokus steht dabei der Einfluss der Arbeitslosigkeit (als systemunabh{\"a}ngiges Problem) auf den EU-Integrationsprozess in den jugoslawischen Nachfolgestaaten und Albanien. Welchen Einfluss haben der qualifikatorische und regionale Mismatch auf die Arbeitslosigkeit in Kroatien? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, wird im zweiten Kapitel dieser Arbeit („Arbeitslosigkeit im Transformationsprozess: Qualifikatorischer und regionaler Mismatch in Kroatien") der Mismatch sowohl statisch mit Mismatch-Indikatoren als auch dynamisch im Rahmen der Matching-Funktion er{\"o}rtert. Unter Anwendung von Paneldaten f{\"u}r neun Berufsgruppen und 21 Regionen im Zeitraum zwischen Januar 2004 und Juni 2015 wird in diesem Kapitel mithilfe von Fixed-Effects-Modellen dieser Einfluss gesch{\"a}tzt. F{\"u}hrt die Anpassung der Arbeitslosenversicherungsgesetze an die EU-Standards zu einer Verbesserung der Arbeitsmarktergebnisse in den Staaten S{\"u}dosteuropas? Mit Hilfe von Paneldaten f{\"u}r den Zeitraum 1996-2014 wird f{\"u}r f{\"u}nf s{\"u}dosteurop{\"a}ische Staaten (Albanien, Kroatien, Mazedonien, Montenegro und Serbien) dieser Einfluss im Rahmen eines Differenz-in-Differenzen-Modells im dritten Aufsatz („Unvollst{\"a}ndige Integration: Eine Differenz-in-Differenzen-Analyse der s{\"u}dosteurop{\"a}ischen Arbeitsm{\"a}rkte") gesch{\"a}tzt.}, language = {de} } @misc{Fischer2018, author = {Fischer, Caroline}, title = {Traineeprogramme als innovative Form der Nachwuchsausbildung im {\"o}ffentlichen Dienst}, series = {Verwaltung und Management}, journal = {Verwaltung und Management}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407104}, pages = {250 -- 262}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Traineeprogramme k{\"o}nnen im {\"o}ffentlichen Dienst zur Rekrutierung und Ausbildung von Nachwuchskr{\"a}ften dienen. Solche Programme werden, im Gegensatz zur Privatwirtschaft, wo diese schon seit einigen Jahrzehnten Anwendung finden, im deutschen {\"o}ffentlichen Dienst erst seit einigen Jahren durchgef{\"u}hrt. Eine erste empirische Erhebung zeigt nun, dass Traineeprogramme im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor gut geeignet sind, um Nachwuchskr{\"a}fte auszubilden und in der Organisation zu sozialisieren. Als entscheidende Einflussfaktoren konnten eine klare Struktur des Programms, ein effektives off-the-job Training, bereichs{\"u}bergreifende Projektarbeit, der Umfang der Betreuung der Trainees und der Einsatz der jeweiligen Beh{\"o}rdenleitung f{\"u}r das Programm identifiziert werden. Deutlich wurde auch, dass w{\"a}hrend der Einf{\"u}hrung eines Traineeprogramms die Trainee-Betreuer entsprechend vorbereitet werden m{\"u}ssen und in den Beh{\"o}rden Akzeptanz f{\"u}r diese neue Form der Nachwuchsgewinnung geschaffen werden muss (Change Management). Die Ergebnisse zeigen jedoch ebenso, dass sich solche Programme nicht zur Personalentwicklung bereits Besch{\"a}ftigter eignen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Weissenberger2017, author = {Weißenberger, Martin}, title = {Start-up subsidies for the unemployed - New evaluation approaches and insights}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406362}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {viii, 239}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Start-up incentives targeted at unemployed individuals have become an important tool of the Active Labor Market Policy (ALMP) to fight unemployment in many countries in recent years. In contrast to traditional ALMP instruments like training measures, wage subsidies, or job creation schemes, which are aimed at reintegrating unemployed individuals into dependent employment, start-up incentives are a fundamentally different approach to ALMP, in that they intend to encourage and help unemployed individuals to exit unemployment by entering self-employment and, thus, by creating their own jobs. In this sense, start-up incentives for unemployed individuals serve not only as employment and social policy to activate job seekers and combat unemployment but also as business policy to promote entrepreneurship. The corresponding empirical literature on this topic so far has been mainly focused on the individual labor market perspective, however. The main part of the thesis at hand examines the new start-up subsidy ("Gr{\"u}ndungszuschuss") in Germany and consists of four empirical analyses that extend the existing evidence on start-up incentives for unemployed individuals from multiple perspectives and in the following directions: First, it provides the first impact evaluation of the new start-up subsidy in Germany. The results indicate that participation in the new start-up subsidy has significant positive and persistent effects on both reintegration into the labor market as well as the income profiles of participants, in line with previous evidence on comparable German and international programs, which emphasizes the general potential of start-up incentives as part of the broader ALMP toolset. Furthermore, a new innovative sensitivity analysis of the applied propensity score matching approach integrates findings from entrepreneurship and labor market research about the key role of an individual's personality on start-up decision, business performance, as well as general labor market outcomes, into the impact evaluation of start-up incentives. The sensitivity analysis with regard to the inclusion and exclusion of usually unobserved personality variables reveals that differences in the estimated treatment effects are small in magnitude and mostly insignificant. Consequently, concerns about potential overestimation of treatment effects in previous evaluation studies of similar start-up incentives due to usually unobservable personality variables are less justified, as long as the set of observed control variables is sufficiently informative (Chapter 2). Second, the thesis expands our knowledge about the longer-term business performance and potential of subsidized businesses arising from the start-up subsidy program. In absolute terms, the analysis shows that a relatively high share of subsidized founders successfully survives in the market with their original businesses in the medium to long run. The subsidy also yields a "double dividend" to a certain extent in terms of additional job creation. Compared to "regular", i.e., non-subsidized new businesses founded by non-unemployed individuals in the same quarter, however, the economic and growth-related impulses set by participants of the subsidy program are only limited with regard to employment growth, innovation activity, or investment. Further investigations of possible reasons for these differences show that differential business growth paths of subsidized founders in the longer run seem to be mainly limited by higher restrictions to access capital and by unobserved factors, such as less growth-oriented business strategies and intentions, as well as lower (subjective) entrepreneurial persistence. Taken together, the program has only limited potential as a business and entrepreneurship policy intended to induce innovation and economic growth (Chapters 3 and 4). And third, an empirical analysis on the level of German regional labor markets yields that there is a high regional variation in subsidized start-up activity relative to overall new business formation. The positive correlation between regular start-up intensity and the share among all unemployed individuals who participate in the start-up subsidy program suggests that (nascent) unemployed founders also profit from the beneficial effects of regional entrepreneurship capital. Moreover, the analysis of potential deadweight and displacement effects from an aggregated regional perspective emphasizes that the start-up subsidy for unemployed individuals represents a market intervention into existing markets, which affects incumbents and potentially produces inefficiencies and market distortions. This macro perspective deserves more attention and research in the future (Chapter 5).}, language = {en} } @techreport{SultanowVolkovCox2017, author = {Sultanow, Eldar and Volkov, Denis and Cox, Sean}, title = {Introducing a Finite State Machine for processing Collatz Sequences}, edition = {2nd version}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404738}, pages = {17}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The present work will introduce a Finite State Machine (FSM) that processes any Collatz Sequence; further, we will endeavor to investigate its behavior in relationship to transformations of a special infinite input. Moreover, we will prove that the machine's word transformation is equivalent to the standard Collatz number transformation and subsequently discuss the possibilities for use of this approach at solving similar problems. The benefit of this approach is that the investigation of the word transformation performed by the Finite State Machine is less complicated than the traditional number-theoretical transformation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schmierer2017, author = {Schmierer, Christoph}, title = {Technologietransfer und Spillovereffekte ausl{\"a}ndischer Tochterunternehmen in Entwicklungs- und Schwellenl{\"a}ndern}, series = {Potsdam Economic Studies}, journal = {Potsdam Economic Studies}, number = {6}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-398-5}, issn = {2196-8691}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103988}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2017}, abstract = {F{\"u}r den Industrialisierungsprozess von Entwicklungs- und Schwellenl{\"a}ndern haben ausl{\"a}ndische Direktinvestitionen (ADI) eine wichtige Funktion. Sie k{\"o}nnen zum einen zu einer Erh{\"o}hung des industriellen Output des Ziellandes f{\"u}hren und zum anderen als Tr{\"a}ger von technologischem Wissen fungieren. Neues Wissen kann den Empf{\"a}ngerl{\"a}ndern der ADI durch Spillovereffekte und Technologietransfers ausl{\"a}ndischer Tochterunternehmen zufließen. Diese Arbeit soll Antworten auf die Fragen geben, durch welche Mechanismen Spillovereffekte und Technologietransfers ausgel{\"o}st werden und wie Entwicklungs- und Schwellenl{\"a}ndern diesen Wissenszufluss zur Beschleunigung ihres Industrialisierungsprozesses einsetzen k{\"o}nnen. Hierf{\"u}r wird ein Konzept zur F{\"o}rderung von Spillovereffekten entwickelt. Weiterhin wird ein theoretisches Modell entwickelt, in dem der Technologietransfer ausl{\"a}ndischer Exportplattformen erstmals in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit des Anteils der Vorprodukte, die im Gastland nachgefragt werden, untersucht. In den Fallstudien Irland und Malaysia werden die Ergebnisse des theoretischen Modells sowie des entwickelten Konzepts illustriert.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Thim2017, author = {Thim, Christof}, title = {Technologieakzeptanz in Organisationen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401070}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Technological change is influencing organisations in their operation. It is used as a means to enhance productivity or to gain momentum on the market. The success of introducing new technologies into the organisation relies heavily on user acceptance. Existing explanations like the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Rogers, 2003) and the Technology Acceptance Model and its extensions (Davis, 1989; Venkatesh and Davis, 1996; Venkatesh and Davis, 2000; Venkatesh, Morris, et al., 2003) do not address the organisational context sufficiently. Their models concentrate on technology adoption in a non-mandatory environment. Furthermore they do not encompass resistance against a new technology. Hence these models cannot be used to analyse the acceptance and usage decision process within organisations. This thesis therefore aims at investigating the organisational dynamics evoked by the introduction of new technologies with regard to acceptance and usage. More precisely it answers the question, whether different organisation types exert varying influences on their members and produce different patterns of acceptance and usage. The groundwork to achieve this insight is the synthesis and extension of different models of technology acceptance and organisational governance. The resulting model describes the development dynamics within an organisation and model combines two perspectives. On one hand the individual level encompasses socio-psychological aspects and individual decision making processes. This perspective is based on the aforementioned theories of individual acceptance, which are extended with different fit theories (Goodhue and Thompson, 1995; Floyd, 1986; Liu, Lee, and Chen, 2011; Parkes, 2013). Furthermore the resistance to new technology is introduced into the analysis as another possible course of action (Patsiotis, Hughes, and Webber, 2012). The organisational perspective on the other hand embeds the individual acceptance and usage decision into a social context. The interaction between organisation members based on the observation of others and the internalisation of social pressure are introduced as determinants of acceptance and usage. Furthermore organisational governance structures moderate this social influence and specify its impact. The relationship between governance and social influence is elaborated through the application of system theory to the organisational context: Actors like change agents or management use governance media (Luhmann, 1997; Fischer, 2009) to intervene in the individual decisions. The effect of these governance media varies with certain attributes of the organisation. Different coordination mechanisms of organisational configurations (Mintzberg, 1979) provide a link to governance media and their connectivity to individual decision processes. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of model a simulation experiment is conducted in AnyLogic. The validity of the model was tested in a sensitivity analysis. The results from the experiment show a specific acceptance and usage pattern. The acceptance is dropping at first due to the initial frustration. It then recovers and is growing in a bounded manner. Since usage is mandatory in an organisation, it is enforced by the management. This leads to a rapid increase of usage at first and stabilises on different levels during the course of the simulation. It was also found that different organisation configurations produce varying outcomes. The bureaucratic organisation enforces the usage better than any other configuration, leading to a higher usage level. However it fails to produce acceptance. The adhocracy on the other hand reaches a higher acceptance level through mutual adjustment. Its downside is the lack of usage. Furthermore the behaviour is not predictable, which can either lead to mostly positive outcomes or the complete break-down of the diffusion process. The simulation shows that organisations have to decide during the introduction of a new technology whether they want high usage rates fast with the risk of failing in the long term or establish a self-enforcing and sustainable diffusion processes which requires more time to be effective.}, language = {de} } @book{Schinck2016, author = {Schinck, Kai Philipp}, title = {Erfolgsfaktor Qualit{\"a}tsmanagement? Die effektive Implementierung von Qualit{\"a}tsmanagementsystemen in {\"o}ffentlichen Organisationen}, issn = {2190-4561}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400520}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {54}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Diese Arbeit ist im Bereich des Qualit{\"a}tsmanagements (QM) in {\"o}ffentlichen Organisationen zu verorten. Sie fragt konkret, welche Faktoren eine effektive Implementierung des QM-Systems Common Assessment Framework (CAF) in Deutschen Bundesbeh{\"o}rden beeinflussen. Auf der Basis des soziologischen Neo-Institutionalismus wurden Hypothesen zu m{\"o}glichen Einflussfaktoren aufgestellt. Im Rahmen einer systematischen Fallauswahl wurden folgende Organisationen untersucht: das Bundeskartellamt, das Bundeszentralamt f{\"u}r Steuern sowie die Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. F{\"u}r den empirischen Teil dieser Arbeit wurden halbstrukturierte Leitfadeninterviews mit Experten der ausgew{\"a}hlten Organisationen gef{\"u}hrt. Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden diese dann ausgewertet und mit einer „cross case synthesis" nach Yin (2014) anschließend theoriegeleitet analysiert. Es lassen sich letztendlich drei entscheidende Bedingungen f{\"u}r eine effektive CAF-Implementierung in Bundesbeh{\"o}rden ableiten: Zum einen die formale Unterst{\"u}tzung der jeweiligen Hausleitung, die eine aktive Rolle innerhalb des CAF-Projektes einnimmt und dabei auch alle mittleren F{\"u}hrungsspitzen zielf{\"u}hrend mit einbinden sollte, beispielsweise durch die {\"U}bernahme der QM-Projektleitung. Zum anderen ist es f{\"u}r eine zielkoh{\"a}rente Handlungsweise aller Organisationsmitgliedern vonn{\"o}ten, die verschiedenen Steuerungsinstrumente im Rahmen einer mittelfristigen Gesamtstrategie miteinander zu verzahnen und so formal zu institutionalisieren. Außerdem ist die formale Institutionalisierung einer QM-Einheit, nahe der Hausleitung außerhalb der Fachabteilungen angesiedelt, zu empfehlen. Es hat sich im Rahmen der untersuchten Fallbeispiele gezeigt, dass diese Einheiten ein gr{\"o}ßeres Potential aufweisen, sich zu QM- und CAF-Kompetenzzentren zu entwickeln und unn{\"o}tige Arbeiten, die das CAF-Engagement der Mitarbeiterschaft schm{\"a}lern w{\"u}rden, von eben jener fernzuhalten. Durch diese Ergebnisse konnte die Arbeit zwei entscheidende Beitr{\"a}ge leisten: Die Forschungslandkarte der QM- und CAF-Forschung in {\"o}ffentlichen Organisationen wies, speziell auf Bundesebene, vorab verschiedenste weiße Flecken auf, die von dieser Arbeit teilweise gef{\"u}llt werden konnten. Zum anderen ist es auf Basis dieser Forschungsarbeit nun m{\"o}glich, Verwaltungspraktikern konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen an die Hand zu geben, wenn diese erstmals CAF in ihrer Organisation implementieren m{\"o}chten oder bei einer schon erfolgten Einf{\"u}hrung des QM-Instruments nachsteuern m{\"o}chten.}, language = {de} } @techreport{SultanowVolkovCox2017, author = {Sultanow, Eldar and Volkov, Denis and Cox, Sean}, title = {Introducing a Finite State Machine for processing Collatz Sequences}, edition = {1st version}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399223}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The present work will introduce a Finite State Machine (FSM) that processes any Collatz Sequence; further, we will endeavor to investigate its behavior in relationship to transformations of a special infinite input. Moreover, we will prove that the machine's word transformation is equivalent to the standard Collatz number transformation and subsequently discuss the possibilities for use of this approach at solving similar problems. The benefit of this approach is that the investigation of the word transformation performed by the Finite State Machine is less complicated than the traditional number-theoretical transformation.}, language = {en} } @misc{VogelKroll2016, author = {Vogel, Dominik and Kroll, Alexander}, title = {The Stability and Change of PSM-related Values across Time}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-397783}, pages = {29}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article is a response to calls in prior research that we need more longitudi-nal analyses to better understand the foundations of PSM and related prosocial values. There is wide agreement that it is crucial for theory-building but also for tailoring hiring practices and human resource development programs to sort out whether PSM-related values are stable or developable. The article summarizes existent theoretical expecta-tions, which turn out to be partially conflicting, and tests them against multiple waves of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study which covers a time period of sixteen years. It finds that PSM-related values of public employees are stable rather than dynamic but tend to increase with age and decrease with organizational member-ship. The article also examines cohort effects, which have been neglected in prior work, and finds moderate evidence that there are differences between those born during the Second World War and later generations.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mahlstedt2017, author = {Mahlstedt, Robert}, title = {Essays on job search behavior and labor market policies}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-397081}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {252}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Persistently high unemployment rates are a major threat to the social cohesion in many societies. To moderate the consequences of unemployment industrialized countries spend substantial shares of their GDP on labor market policies, while in recent years there has been a shift from passive measures, such as transfer payments, towards more activating elements which aim to promote the reintegration into the labor market. Although, there exists a wide range of evidence about the effects of traditional active labor market policies (ALMP) on participants' subsequent labor market outcomes, a deeper understanding of the impact of these programs on the job search behavior and the interplay with long-term labor market outcomes is necessary. This allows policy makers to improve the design of labor market policies and the allocation of unemployed workers into specific programs. Moreover, previous studies have shown that many traditional ALMP programs, like public employment or training schemes, do not achieve the desired results. This underlines the importance of understanding the effect mechanisms, but also the need to develop innovative programs that are more effective. This thesis extends the existing literature with respect to several dimensions. First, it analyzes the impact of job seekers' beliefs about upcoming ALMPs programs on the effectiveness of realized treatments later during the unemployment spell. This provides important insights with respect to the job search process and relates potential anticipation effects (on the job seekers behavior before entering a program) to the vast literature evaluating the impact of participating in an ALMP program on subsequent outcomes. The empirical results show that training programs are more effective if the participants expect participation ex ante, while expected treatment effects are unrelated to the actual labor market outcomes of participants. A subsequent analysis of the effect mechanisms shows that job seekers who expect to participate also receive more information by their caseworker and show a higher willingness to adjust their search behavior in association with an upcoming ALMP program. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of training programs can be improved by providing more detailed information about the possibility of a future treatment early during the unemployment spell. Second, the thesis investigates the effects of a relatively new class of programs that aim to improve the geographical mobility of unemployed workers with respect to the job search behavior, the subsequent job finding prospects and the returns to labor market mobility. To estimate the causal impact of these programs, it is exploited that local employment agencies have a degree of autonomy when deciding about the regional-specific policy mix. The findings show that the policy style of the employment agency indeed affects the job search behavior of unemployed workers. Job seekers who are assigned to agencies with higher preferences for mobility programs increase their search radius without affecting the total number of job applications. This shift of the search effort to distant regions leads to a higher probability to find a regular job and higher wages. Moreover, it is shown that participants in one of the subsidy programs who move to geographically distant region a earn significantly higher wages, end up in more stable jobs and face a higher long-run employment probability compared to non-participants. Third, the thesis offers an empirical assessment of the unconfoundedness assumption with respect to the relevance of variables that are usually unobserved in studies evaluating ALMP programs. A unique dataset that combines administrative records and survey data allows us to observe detailed information on typical covariates, as well as usually unobserved variables including personality traits, attitudes, expectations, intergenerational information, as well as indicators about social networks and labor market flexibility. The findings show that, although our set of usually unobserved variables indeed has a significant effect on the selection into ALMP programs, the overall impact when estimating treatment effects is rather small. Finally, the thesis also examines the importance of gender differences in reservation wages that allows assessing the importance of special ALMP programs targeting women. In particular, when including reservation wages in a wage decomposition exercise, the gender gap in realized wages becomes small and statistically insignificant. The strong connection between gender differences in reservation wages and realized wages raises the question how these differences in reservation wages are set in the first place. Since traditional covariates cannot sufficiently explain the gender gap in reservation wages, we perform subgroup analysis to better understand what the driving forces behind this gender gap are.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Muehlenhoff2017, author = {M{\"u}hlenhoff, Judith}, title = {Culture-driven innovation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-104626}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {143}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This cumulative dissertation deals with the potential of underexplored cultural sources for innovation. Nowadays, firms recognize an increasing demand for innovation to keep pace with an ever-growing dynamic worldwide competition. Knowledge is one of the most crucial sources and resource, while until now innovation has been foremost driven by technology. But since the last years, we have been witnessing a change from technology's role as a driver of innovation to an enabler of innovation. Innovative products and services increasingly differentiate through emotional qualities and user experience. These experiences are hard to grasp and require alignment in innovation management theory and practice. This work cares about culture in a broader matter as a source for innovation. It investigates the requirements and fundamentals for "culture-driven innovation" by studying where and how to unlock cultural sources. The research questions are the following: What are cultural sources for knowledge and innovation? Where can one find cultural sources and how to tap into them? The dissertation starts with an overview of its central terms and introduces cultural theories as an overarching frame to study cultural sources for innovation systematically. Here, knowledge is not understood as something an organization owns like a material resource, but it is seen as something created and taking place in practices. Such a practice theoretical lens inheres the rejection of the traditional economic depiction of the rational Homo Oeconomicus. Nevertheless, it also rejects the idea of the Homo Sociologicus about the strong impact of society and its values on individual actions. Practice theory approaches take account of both concepts by underscoring the dualism of individual (agency, micro-level) and structure (society, macro-level). Following this, organizations are no enclosed entities but embedded within their socio-cultural environment, which shapes them and is also shaped by them. Then, the first article of this dissertation acknowledges a methodological stance of this dualism by discussing how mixed methods support an integrated approach to study the micro- and macro-level. The article focuses on networks (thus communities) as a central research unit within studies of entrepreneurship and innovation. The second article contains a network analysis and depicts communities as central loci for cultural sources and knowledge. With data from the platform Meetup.com about events etc., the study explores which overarching communities and themes have been evolved in Berlin's start up and tech scene. While the latter study was about where to find new cultural sources, the last article addresses how to unlock such knowledge sources. It develops the concept of a cultural absorptive capacity, that is the capability of organizations to open up towards cultural sources. Furthermore, the article points to the role of knowledge intermediaries in the early phases of knowledge acquisition. Two case studies on companies working with artists illustrate the roles of such intermediaries and how they support firms to gain knowledge from cultural sources. Overall, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of culture as a source for innovation from a theoretical, methodological, and practitioners' point of view. It provides basic research to unlock the potential of such new knowledge sources for companies - sources that so far have been neglected in innovation management.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mueller2016, author = {M{\"u}ller, Maximilian}, title = {Organisationsmodelle f{\"u}r Beschaffung, Betrieb und Finanzierung von Lufttransportkapazit{\"a}ten in der internationalen Katastrophenhilfe}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-101021}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ix, 229}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die Dissertation befasst sich mit der Organisation von humanit{\"a}ren Lufttransporten bei internationalen Katastrophen. Diese Fl{\"u}ge finden immer dann statt, wenn die eigene Hilfeleistungsf{\"a}higkeit der von Katastrophen betroffenen Regionen {\"u}berfordert ist und Hilfe aus dem Ausland angefordert wird. Bei jedem der darauffolgenden Hilfseins{\"a}tze stehen Hilfsorganisationen und weitere mit der Katastrophenhilfe beteiligte Akteure erneut vor der Herausforderung, in k{\"u}rzester Zeit eine logistische Kette aufzubauen, damit die G{\"u}ter zum richtigen Zeitpunkt in der richtigen Menge am richtigen Ort eintreffen. Humanit{\"a}re Lufttransporte werden in der Regel als Charterfl{\"u}ge organisiert und finden auf langen Strecken zu Zielen statt, die nicht selten abseits der hochfrequentierten Warenstr{\"o}me liegen. Am Markt ist das Angebot f{\"u}r derartige Transportdienstleistungen nicht gesichert verf{\"u}gbar und unter Umst{\"a}nden m{\"u}ssen Hilfsorganisationen warten bis Kapazit{\"a}ten mit geeigneten Flugzeugen zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen. Auch qualitativ sind die Anforderungen von Hilfsorganisationen an die Hilfsg{\"u}tertransporte h{\"o}her als im regul{\"a}ren Linientransport. Im Rahmen der Dissertation wird ein alternatives Organisationsmodell f{\"u}r die Beschaffung und den Betrieb sowie die Finanzierung von humanit{\"a}ren Lufttransporten aufgebaut. Dabei wird die gesicherte Verf{\"u}gbarkeit von besonders flexibel einsetzbaren Flugzeugen in Betracht gezogen, mit deren Hilfe die Qualit{\"a}t und insbesondere die Planbarkeit der Hilfeleistung verbessert werden k{\"o}nnte. Ein idealtypisches Modell wird hier durch die Kopplung der Kollektivg{\"u}tertheorie, die der Finanzwissenschaft zuzuordnen ist, mit der Vertragstheorie als Bestandteil der Neuen Institutionen{\"o}konomik erarbeitet. Empirische Beitr{\"a}ge zur Vertragstheorie bem{\"a}ngeln, dass es bei der Beschaffung von transaktionsspezifischen Investitionsg{\"u}tern, wie etwa Flugzeugen mit besonderen Eigenschaften, aufgrund von Risiken und Umweltunsicherheiten zu ineffizienten L{\"o}sungen zwischen Vertragspartnern kommt. Die vorliegende Dissertation zeigt eine M{\"o}glichkeit auf, wie durch Aufbau einer gemeinsamen Informationsbasis ex-ante, also vor Vertragsschluss, Risiken und Umweltunsicherheiten reduziert werden k{\"o}nnen. Dies geschieht durch eine temporale Erweiterung eines empirischen Modells zur Bestimmung der Organisationsform bei transaktionsspezifischen Investitionsg{\"u}tern aus der Regulierungs{\"o}konomik. Die Arbeitet leistet dar{\"u}ber hinaus einen Beitrag zur Steigerung der Effizienz in der humanit{\"a}ren Logistik durch die fallspezifische Betrachtung von horizontalen Kooperationen und Professionalisierung der Hilfeleistung im Bereich der humanit{\"a}ren Luftfahrt.}, language = {de} } @misc{KrollVogel2013, author = {Kroll, Alexander and Vogel, Dominik}, title = {The PSM-leadership fit}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {77}, issn = {1867-5808}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100853}, year = {2013}, abstract = {This article examines the use of performance information by public managers. It conceptualizes purposeful data use as a type of extra-role behaviour which requires additional effort on the part of the managers and which is not extrinsically rewarded. The article sheds light on one potential antecedent of performance information use - the motivation of the users. It argues that we can observe high levels of data use if managers driven by public service motivation (PSM) work under transformational leaders. Using a needs-supply perspective on supervisors and followers we suggest that there is a PSM-leadership fit which fosters the performance of this extra-role behaviour. The article is based on data from German local government and its findings contribute to the literatures on PSM as well as on performance management.}, language = {en} } @book{Brekhov2016, author = {Brekhov, Boryslav}, title = {Demokratischer Wirtschaftsfrieden}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-380-0}, issn = {2197-8069}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94726}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Diese empirische Studie untersucht den Einfluss der Staatsform auf den Einsatz und das Ausmaß von Wirtschaftssanktionen unter Verwendung von Regressionsanalysen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf ein friedliches Wirtschaftsverh{\"a}ltnis zwischen den Demokratien hin. Die bisherige Forschung hat den demokratischen Wirtschaftsfrieden mithilfe der institutionellen Theorie erkl{\"a}rt, die das Sanktionsverhalten auf ein rationalistisches Kosten-Nutzen-Kalk{\"u}l zur{\"u}ckf{\"u}hrt. Demgegen{\"u}ber vertritt die konstruktivistische Theorie die Auffassung, dass die friedvollere Konfliktbew{\"a}ltigung unter Demokratien auf die Ausbildung einer gemeinsamen Identit{\"a}t, sowie auf gemeinsame Werte und Normen zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren sei.}, language = {de} } @misc{VogelLoebelProelleretal.2014, author = {Vogel, Dominik and L{\"o}bel, Stephan and Proeller, Isabella and Schuppan, Tino}, title = {Einflussfaktoren von F{\"u}hrungsverhalten in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95865}, pages = {459 -- 478}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Dieser Artikel adressiert zwei bisher nur wenig untersuchte Aspekte der F{\"u}hrungsforschung: F{\"u}hrungsverhalten im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor und Faktoren die F{\"u}hrungsverhalten beeinflussen. Mittels einer Fallstudie in der Bundesagentur f{\"u}r Arbeit werden explorativ Hypothesen {\"u}ber Einflussfaktoren des F{\"u}hrungsverhaltens aufgestellt. Die Studie kommt zu der Erkenntnis, dass eine oftmals angenommene F{\"u}hrungsl{\"u}cke im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor nicht best{\"a}tigt werden kann. F{\"u}r das ausgepr{\"a}gte F{\"u}hrungsverhalten, das in der Fallstudie beobachtet wurde, wird als Determinante die besondere Ausgestaltung des Managementsystems der Bundesagentur f{\"u}r Arbeit verantwortlich gemacht. Dazu geh{\"o}rt unter anderem das Performance Management System sowie die F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fteauswahl und -entwicklung. Die Arbeit schließt mit Empfehlungen f{\"u}r weitere Forschungsans{\"a}tze auf dem Gebiet der F{\"u}hrungsforschung im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Vu2012, author = {Vu, Thi Thanh Van}, title = {Local government on the way to good governance}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93943}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vii, 254}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Bad governance causes economic, social, developmental and environmental problems in many developing countries. Developing countries have adopted a number of reforms that have assisted in achieving good governance. The success of governance reform depends on the starting point of each country - what institutional arrangements exist at the out-set and who the people implementing reforms within the existing institutional framework are. This dissertation focuses on how formal institutions (laws and regulations) and informal institutions (culture, habit and conception) impact on good governance. Three characteristics central to good governance - transparency, participation and accountability are studied in the research. A number of key findings were: Good governance in Hanoi and Berlin represent the two extremes of the scale, while governance in Berlin is almost at the top of the scale, governance in Hanoi is at the bottom. Good governance in Hanoi is still far from achieved. In Berlin, information about public policies, administrative services and public finance is available, reliable and understandable. People do not encounter any problems accessing public information. In Hanoi, however, public information is not easy to access. There are big differences between Hanoi and Berlin in the three forms of participation. While voting in Hanoi to elect local deputies is formal and forced, elections in Berlin are fair and free. The candidates in local elections in Berlin come from different parties, whereas the candidacy of local deputies in Hanoi is thoroughly controlled by the Fatherland Front. Even though the turnout of voters in local deputy elections is close to 90 percent in Hanoi, the legitimacy of both the elections and the process of representation is non-existent because the local deputy candidates are decided by the Communist Party. The involvement of people in solving local problems is encouraged by the government in Berlin. The different initiatives include citizenry budget, citizen activity, citizen initiatives, etc. Individual citizens are free to participate either individually or through an association. Lacking transparency and participation, the quality of public service in Hanoi is poor. Citizens seldom get their services on time as required by the regulations. Citizens who want to receive public services can bribe officials directly, use the power of relationships, or pay a third person - the mediator ("C{\`o}" - in Vietnamese). In contrast, public service delivery in Berlin follows the customer-orientated principle. The quality of service is high in relation to time and cost. Paying speed money, bribery and using relationships to gain preferential public service do not exist in Berlin. Using the examples of Berlin and Hanoi, it is clear to see how transparency, participation and accountability are interconnected and influence each other. Without a free and fair election as well as participation of non-governmental organisations, civil organisations, and the media in political decision-making and public actions, it is hard to hold the Hanoi local government accountable. The key differences in formal institutions (regulative and cognitive) between Berlin and Hanoi reflect the three main principles: rule of law vs. rule by law, pluralism vs. monopoly Party in politics and social market economy vs. market economy with socialist orientation. In Berlin the logic of appropriateness and codes of conduct are respect for laws, respect of individual freedom and ideas and awareness of community development. People in Berlin take for granted that public services are delivered to them fairly. Ideas such as using money or relationships to shorten public administrative procedures do not exist in the mind of either public officials or citizens. In Hanoi, under a weak formal framework of good governance, new values and norms (prosperity, achievement) generated in the economic transition interact with the habits of the centrally-planned economy (lying, dependence, passivity) and traditional values (hierarchy, harmony, family, collectivism) influence behaviours of those involved. In Hanoi "doing the right thing" such as compliance with law doesn't become "the way it is". The unintended consequence of the deliberate reform actions of the Party is the prevalence of corruption. The socialist orientation seems not to have been achieved as the gap between the rich and the poor has widened. Good governance is not achievable if citizens and officials are concerned only with their self-interest. State and society depend on each other. Theoretically to achieve good governance in Hanoi, institutions (formal and informal) able to create good citizens, officials and deputies should be generated. Good citizens are good by habit rather than by nature. The rule of law principle is necessary for the professional performance of local administrations and People's Councils. When the rule of law is applied consistently, the room for informal institutions to function will be reduced. Promoting good governance in Hanoi is dependent on the need and desire to change the government and people themselves. Good governance in Berlin can be seen to be the result of the efforts of the local government and citizens after a long period of development and continuous adjustment. Institutional transformation is always a long and complicated process because the change in formal regulations as well as in the way they are implemented may meet strong resistance from the established practice. This study has attempted to point out the weaknesses of the institutions of Hanoi and has identified factors affecting future development towards good governance. But it is not easy to determine how long it will take to change the institutional setting of Hanoi in order to achieve good governance.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrollKrauseVogeletal.2012, author = {Kroll, Alexander and Krause, Tobias and Vogel, Dominik and Proeller, Isabella}, title = {Was bestimmt die Reformbereitschaft von F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften in der Ministerialverwaltung?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94410}, pages = {75 -- 80}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Bestehende Forschung hat gezeigt, dass die Reformbereitschaft von F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften eine wichtige Voraussetzung f{\"u}r die erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Ver{\"a}nderungsprojekten ist. Dieser Artikel geht der Frage nach, wie erkl{\"a}rt werden kann, warum einige F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung reformbereiter sind als andere. Er greift dabei auf eine F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ftebefragung aus dem Jahr 2010 zur{\"u}ck, die auf den Einsch{\"a}tzungen von 351 Verwaltungsmanagern aus der Ministerialverwaltung von Bund und L{\"a}ndern basiert. Eine statistische Analyse dieser Daten kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die typische reformbereite F{\"u}hrungskraft intrinsisch motiviert ist, auf eine aufgabenorientierte F{\"u}hrung setzt sowie Arbeitserfahrung außerhalb der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung und keine juristische Ausbildung besitzt. Sie arbeitet auf oberer Hierarchieebene, ist jedoch eher mit Fach- als mit F{\"u}hrungsaufgaben besch{\"a}ftigt. Der Artikel vertieft und erl{\"a}utert diese Befunde sowie deren Implikationen f{\"u}r die Verwaltungspraxis.}, language = {de} } @misc{RauscherVogelReiners2011, author = {Rauscher, Miriam and Vogel, Dominik and Reiners, Markus}, title = {Mehrebenenperspektive bei der Institutionalisierung von mehr Servicequalit{\"a}t}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94399}, pages = {50 -- 56}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Der Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die neue einheitliche Beh{\"o}rdenrufnummer D115, als aktuelles, innovatives eGovernment-Projekt der deutschen Verwaltungsmodernisierung. Als theoretische Grundlage der hier vorliegenden empirischen verwaltungswissen schaftlichen Analyse sekundiert der Multilevel-Governance-Ansatz, welcher die Mehrebenenverflechtung der politisch-administrativen Strukturen, die Vielschichtigkeit und die besondere Governancestruktur des Reformvorhabens am besten erfassen d{\"u}rfte. Die Analyse der Funktionsweise der Beh{\"o}rdenrufnummer D115, der beteiligten Akteure und deren institutionell bedingter Motivation kommt insgesamt zum Ergebnis, dass der Ansatz f{\"u}r das Modernisierungsprojekt als geradezu exemplarisch zu betrachten ist. Die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Mehrebenencharakters sowie der dabei zur Anwendung kommen den Netzwerk- und Steuerungsmechanismen sind bei einem solchen Projekt und k{\"u}nftigen eGovernment-Projekten unverzichtbar.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schroth2016, author = {Schroth, Maximilian}, title = {Microfinance and the enhancement of economic development in less developed countries}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94735}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 287}, year = {2016}, abstract = {It is the intention of this study to contribute to further rethinking and innovating in the Microcredit business which stands at a turning point - after around 40 years of practice it is endangered to fail as a tool for economic development and to become a doubtful finance product with a random scope instead. So far, a positive impact of Microfinance on the improvement of the lives of the poor could not be confirmed. Over-indebtment of borrowers due to the pre-dominance of consumption Microcredits has become a widespread problem. Furthermore, a rising number of abusive and commercially excessive practices have been reported. In fact, the Microfinance sector appears to suffer from a major underlying deficit: there does not exist a coherent and transparent understanding of its meaning and objectives so that Microfinance providers worldwide follow their own approaches of Microfinance which tend to differ considerably from each other. In this sense the study aims at consolidating the multi-faced and very often confusingly different Microcredit profiles that exist nowadays. Subsequently, in this study, the Microfinance spectrum will be narrowed to one clear-cut objective, in fact away from the mere monetary business transactions to poor people it has gradually been reduced to back towards a tool for economic development as originally envisaged by its pioneers. Hence, the fundamental research question of this study is whether, and under which conditions, Microfinance may attain a positive economic impact leading to an improvement of the living of the poor. The study is structured in five parts: the three main parts (II.-IV.) are surrounded by an introduction (I.) and conclusion (V.). In part II., the Microfinance sector is analysed critically aiming to identify the challenges persisting as well as their root causes. In the third part, a change to the macroeconomic perspective is undertaken in oder to learn about the potential and requirements of small-scale finance to enhance economic development, particularly within the economic context of less developed countries. By consolidating the insights gained in part IV., the elements of a new concept of Microfinance with the objecitve to achieve economic development of its borrowers are elaborated. Microfinance is a rather sensitive business the great fundamental idea of which is easily corruptible and, additionally, the recipients of which are predestined victims of abuse due to their limited knowledge in finance. It therefore needs to be practiced responsibly, but also according to clear cut definitions of its meaning and objectives all institutions active in the sector should be devoted to comply with. This is especially relevant as the demand for Microfinance services is expected to rise further within the years coming. For example, the recent refugee migration movement towards Europe entails a vast potential for Microfinance to enable these people to make a new start into economic life. This goes to show that Microfinance may no longer mainly be associated with a less developed economic context, but that it will gain importance as a financial instrument in the developed economies, too.}, language = {en} }