@article{DiezTauerSchulz2006,
  author    = {Diez, Isabel and Tauer, Klaus and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Unusual polymer dispersions-polypyrrole suspensions made of rings, frames, and platelets},
  series = {Colloid and polymer science : official journal of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft},
  volume    = {284},
  journal   = {Colloid and polymer science : official journal of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0303-402X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00396-006-1521-8},
  pages     = {1431 -- 1442},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Experimental results show that the polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of beta-naphthalenesulfonic acid and different fluorosurfactants like perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctyldiethanolamide, and ammonium perfluorooctanoate leads to polypyrrole with special morphologies, such as rings or disks and rectangular frames or plates. The formation of these unusually shaped particles of polymer dispersions is explained by the chemical and colloidal peculiarities of the oxidative pyrrole polymerization with ammonium peroxodisulfate in aqueous medium.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EmmerlingOrgzallRecketal.2006,
  author    = {Emmerling, Franziska and Orgzall, Ingo and Reck, G{\"u}nter and Schulz, Burkhard W. and Stockhause, Sabine and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Structures of substituted di-aryl-1, 3,4-oxadiazole derivatives: 2,5-bis(pyridyl)- and 2,5-bis(aminophenyl)-substitution},
  series = {Journal of molecular structure},
  volume    = {800},
  journal   = {Journal of molecular structure},
  number    = {1-3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0022-2860},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.molstruc.2006.03.076},
  pages     = {74 -- 84},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Crystal structures of four different di-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds (aryl = 2-pyridyl-, 3-pyridyl-, 2-aminophenyl-, 3-aminophenyl-) are determined. Crystallization of di(2-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole yielded monoclinic and triclinic polymorphs. The structures are characterized by the occurrence of pi-pi interactions. Additionally, in case of the aminophenyl compounds intra- as well as intermolecular hydrogen bonds are found that influence the packing motif as well. Since these molecules are often used as ligands in metal-organic complexes similarities and differences of the molecular conformation between the molecules in the pure crystals and that of the ligands in the complexes are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoffmannDietzelSchulzetal.2011,
  author    = {Hoffmann, Katrin and Dietzel, Birgit and Schulz, Burkhard and Reck, Guenter and Hoffmann, Angelika and Orgzall, Ingo and Resch-Genger, Ute and Emmerling, Franziska},
  title     = {Combined structural and fluorescence studies of methyl-substituted 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles - Relation between electronic properties and packing motifs},
  series = {Journal of molecular structure},
  volume    = {988},
  journal   = {Journal of molecular structure},
  number    = {1-3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0022-2860},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.11.071},
  pages     = {35 -- 46},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Prerequisite for the rational design of functional organic materials with tailor-made electronic properties is the knowledge of the structure-property relationship for the specific class of molecules under consideration. This encouraged us to systematically study the influence of the molecular structure and substitution pattern of aromatically substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles on the electronic properties and packing motifs of these molecules and on the interplay of these factors. For this purpose, seven diphenyl-oxadiazoles equipped with methyl substituents in the ortho- and meta-position(s) were synthesized and characterized. Absorption and fluorescence spectra in solution served here as tools to monitor substitution-induced changes in the electronic properties of the individual molecules whereas X-ray and optical measurements in the solid state provided information on the interplay of electronic and packing effects. In solution, the spectral position of the absorption maximum, the size of Stokes shift, and the fluorescence quantum yield are considerably affected by ortho-substitution in three or four ortho-positions. This results in blue shifted absorption bands, increased Stokes shifts, and reduced fluorescence quantum yields whereas the spectral position and vibrational structure of the emission bands remain more or less unaffected. In the crystalline state, however, the spectral position and shape of the emission bands display a strong dependence on the molecular structure and/or packing motifs that seem to control the amount of dye-dye-interactions. These observations reveal the limited value of commonly reported absorption and fluorescence measurements in solution for a straightforward comparison of spectroscopic results with single X-ray crystallography. This underlines the importance of solid state spectroscopic studies for a better understanding of the interplay of electronic effects and molecular order.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TurhanSaracGencturketal.2012,
  author    = {Turhan, Metehan C. and Sarac, A. Sezai and Gencturk, Asli and Gilsing, Hans-Detlev and Faltz, Heike and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Electrochemical impedance characterization and potential dependence of poly[3,4-(2,2-dibutylpropylenedioxy)thiophene] nanostructures on single carbon fiber microelectrode},
  series = {Synthetic metals : the journal of electronic polymers and electronic molecular materials},
  volume    = {162},
  journal   = {Synthetic metals : the journal of electronic polymers and electronic molecular materials},
  number    = {5-6},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {0379-6779},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.01.012},
  pages     = {511 -- 515},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The electropolymerization of 3,4-(2,2-dibutylpropylenedioxy)thiophene (ProDOT-Bu-2) onto single carbon fiber microelectrode (SCFME) was conducted in acetonitrile (ACN) containing sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) as electrolyte and investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The nanostructured films of poly[3,4-(2,2-dibutyl-propyleneclioxy)thiophene] (PProDOT-Bu-2) which were depositing showed complete reversible redox behavior in monomer-free electrolyte solution. The capacitive behavior of the films was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at applied potentials from 0.1 V to 1.3 V. The analysis by equivalent circuit modeling revealed an applied potential around 0.4V to be most suitable for the system PProDOT-Bu-2/SCFME as a double layer supercapacitor component inducing a double layer capacitance C-d, value of 62 mFcm(-2).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EmmerlingOrgzallDietzeletal.2012,
  author    = {Emmerling, Franziska and Orgzall, Ingo and Dietzel, Birgit and Schulz, Burkhard and Larrucea, Julen},
  title     = {Ordering the amorphous - Structures in PBD LED materials},
  series = {Journal of molecular structure},
  volume    = {1030},
  journal   = {Journal of molecular structure},
  number    = {23},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0022-2860},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.04.040},
  pages     = {209 -- 215},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The class of 2,5 disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles containing a biphenyl unit on one side is intensively used as electron transport materials to enhance the performance of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In contrast to the ongoing research on these materials insights in their structure-property relationships are still incomplete. To overcome the structural tentativeness and ambiguities the crystal structures of 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, that of the related compound 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole and of 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole are determined. A comparison with the results of GAUSSIAN03 calculations and similar compounds in the Cambridge Structural Database leads to a profound characterization.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzDietzelOrgzalletal.2009,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Dietzel, Birgit and Orgzall, Ingo and Diez, Isabel and Xu, Chenggang},
  title     = {Aspects of morphology control during the oxidative synthesis of electrically conducting polymers},
  issn      = {0954-0083},
  doi       = {10.1177/0954008309339933},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The formation of micro- and nanostructures during the oxidative polymerization of polypyrrole and polyaniline is investigated using different sulfonic acid dopants. Rod- or tube-like structures are found in polypyrrole as well as in polyaniline without addition of further compounds to the initial reaction mixture of monomer, dopant and oxidant. In these cases, always a crystalline precursor complex composed of a dopand molecule and the pure monomer (aniline) or a trimeric moiety (pyrrole) serves as in-situ template. In most cases the surface of the growing polymer is covered by secondary structures with much smaller sizes so that a hierarchical order of structures at different length scales results. Corresponding model considerations for the polymerization process are outlined. Additionally, unusual structures like platelets, frames, rings, or ribbons are observed in the polypyrrole synthesis in the presence of fluorosurfactants.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SaracGencturkGilsingetal.2009,
  author    = {Sarac, A. Sezai and Gencturk, Asli and Gilsing, Hans-Detlev and Schulz, Burkhard and Turhan, C. Metehan},
  title     = {Effect of electrolyte on the electropolymerization of 2,2-dibutyl-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene on carbon fiber microelectrodes},
  issn      = {1533-4880},
  doi       = {10.1166/Jnn.2009.027},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Electrocoating of 2,2 dibutylpropylene dioxythiophene on carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) in different electrolytes in acetonitrile was performed, and surface morphology and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic investigation has been carried out. Impedance spectra showed the typical form of Z(IM) versus Z(RE) for transmission- line at frequencies 10 Hz, with transition to almost pure capacitive behaviour down to 10 mHz (the lower limit of frequency scan).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OrgzallFrancoSchulz2006,
  author    = {Orgzall, Ingo and Franco, Olga and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {High pressure structural investigations of 2,5-di(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole - importance of strain studies for the description of intermolecular interactions},
  doi       = {10.1088/0953-8984/18/23/001},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Results of a high pressure x-ray study of 2,5-di(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole up to 2.5 GPa are presented and discussed. Parameters for the Murnaghan equation of state are derived. The bulk modulus amounts to K-0 = 4.6 +/- 0.3 GPa and its pressure derivative to K-0' = 7.4 +/- 0.6. These values are comparable to values of other diphenyl-1,3,4- oxadiazoles. The anisotropy of the compression is analysed using the strain tensor and discussed based on the anisotropy of the intermolecular interactions},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhuSchulzBrumaetal.1996,
  author    = {Zhu, Shigen and Schulz, Burkhard and Bruma, Maria and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Comparative study of the thermal properties of related aromatic polyhydrazides and poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s},
  issn      = {1042-7147},
  doi       = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199612)7:12<879::AID-PAT600>3.0.CO;2-X},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzKnochenhauerBrehmeretal.1994,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Knochenhauer, Gerald and Brehmer, Ludwig and Janietz, Silvia},
  title     = {Stuctures and properties of aromatic poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MercerMcKenzieBrumaetal.1994,
  author    = {Mercer, Frank W. and McKenzie, M. and Bruma, Maria and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Synthesis and properties of fluorinated polyimides and fluorinated poly(imide-amide)s containing pendent cyano groups},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzStillerZetzscheetal.1994,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Stiller, Burkhard and Zetzsche, Thomas and Knochenhauer, Gerald and Dietel, Reinhard and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Crystal structure of 2,5-Di(4- methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole characterized by AFM and IR- spectroscopy},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrumaMercerSchulzetal.1994,
  author    = {Bruma, Maria and Mercer, Frank W. and Schulz, Burkhard and Dietel, Reinhard and Fitch, J. and Cassidy, Peter},
  title     = {Study of crosslinking process in fluorinated poly(imide-amide)s containing pendant cyano groups},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrumaMercerSchulzetal.1994,
  author    = {Bruma, Maria and Mercer, Frank W. and Schulz, Burkhard and Dietel, Reinhard and Neumann, Werner},
  title     = {Fluorinated poly(benzoxazole-imide)s},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrumaMercerSchulzetal.1994,
  author    = {Bruma, Maria and Mercer, Frank W. and Schulz, Burkhard and Dietel, Reinhard and Fitch, J. and Cassidy, Peter},
  title     = {Study of crosslinking process in fluorinated poly(imide-amide)s containing pendant cyano groups},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schulz1994,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Struktur und Eigenschaften d{\"u}nner Schichten aus aromatischen Poly(1,3,4- oxadiazol)en},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Schulz1994,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {New aspects of the solid-state structures and electrochemical properties of aromatic Poly(1,3,4- Oxadiazole)s},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schulz1994,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Neue thermostabile Polyheterocyclen},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Schulz1994,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Eine neue Synthesevariante f{\"u}r aromatische Poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchulzJanietz1994,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Janietz, Silvia},
  title     = {Electrochemical studies on thin films of poly(arylene 1,3,4-oxadiazole)s},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JanietzSchulz1994,
  author    = {Janietz, Silvia and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Electrochemical studies on thin films of poly(arylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole)s},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrumaSchulzMercer1994,
  author    = {Bruma, Maria and Schulz, Burkhard and Mercer, Frank W.},
  title     = {Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated poly(imide-pyridazine- amide)s},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BauerSchulzBrehmeretal.1995,
  author    = {Bauer, J. and Schulz, Burkhard and Brehmer, Ludwig and B{\"o}tcher, M. and Jagdhold, U. and H{\"o}ppner, K. and Kulesch, A. and Dietzel, Birgit},
  title     = {Anwendung von Langmuir-Blodgett-Schichten als Resist f{\"u}r die Niederspannungs-Elektronenstrahl-Lithografie},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchulzKnochenhauerBrehmeretal.1995,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Knochenhauer, Gerald and Brehmer, Ludwig and Janietz, Silvia},
  title     = {Stuctures and properties of aromatic poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzBrehmerDietzeletal.1995,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Brehmer, Ludwig and Dietzel, Birgit and Zetzsche, Thomas},
  title     = {Preparation and characterization of ordered thin films based on aromatic poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SavaSchulzZhuetal.1995,
  author    = {Sava, Ion and Schulz, Burkhard and Zhu, Shigen and Bruma, Maria},
  title     = {Synthesis and characterization of new silicon-containing poly(arylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole)s},
  issn      = {0954-0083},
  doi       = {10.1088/0954-0083/7/4/011},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OkatovaLavrenkoFedotovetal.1995,
  author    = {Okatova, Olga V. and Lavrenko, Peter N. and Fedotov, Y. A. and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Polyelectrolyte behavior of some new polyheteroarylene derivatives in sulfuric acid},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzStillerZetzscheetal.1995,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Stiller, Burkhard and Zetzsche, Thomas and Knochenhauer, Gerald and Dietel, Reinhard and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Characterization of 2,5-di(p-tolyl-1,3,4- oxadiazole) crystals by IR-spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrehmerDietzelFreydanketal.1995,
  author    = {Brehmer, Ludwig and Dietzel, Birgit and Freydank, Anke-Christine and Katholy, Stefan and Knochenhauer, Gerald and Reiche, J{\"u}rgen and Schulz, Burkhard and Zetzsche, Thomas},
  title     = {Langmuir- und Langmuir-Blodgett-Filme amphiphiler Oxadiazole},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ReicheFreydankDietzeletal.1995,
  author    = {Reiche, J{\"u}rgen and Freydank, A. and Dietzel, Birgit and Katholy, Stefan and Knochenhauer, Gerald and Zetzsche, Thomas and Schulz, Burkhard and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Komplexe Strukturanalytik von Oxadiazol-Mono- und Multischichten},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchulzBrehmerKnochenhauer1995,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Brehmer, Ludwig and Knochenhauer, Gerald},
  title     = {Supramolecular structures of aromatic 1,3,4-oxadiazole solids},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schulz1995,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Structure and properties of thin polyoxadiazole films},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzJanietz1995,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Janietz, Silvia},
  title     = {Preparation and characterization of thin films containing aromatic poly(1,3,4- oxadiazole)s},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzBrehmer1995,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Preparation and characterization of ordered thin films based on aromatic poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JanietzSchulz1995,
  author    = {Janietz, Silvia and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Elektrochemische Untersuchungen an aromatischen Poly(1,3,4-oxadiazol)en},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BrumaSchulzMercer1995,
  author    = {Bruma, Maria and Schulz, Burkhard and Mercer, Frank W.},
  title     = {Polyamide copolymers containing hexafluoroisopropylidene groups},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LavrenkoStrelinaOkatovaetal.1996,
  author    = {Lavrenko, Peter N. and Strelina, Irina A. and Okatova, Olga V. and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Orientation of naphthylene ring in the new poly(naphthylen-1,3,4-oxadiazole)s molecules},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrumaHamciucSavaetal.1996,
  author    = {Bruma, Maria and Hamciuc, Corneliu and Sava, Ion and Hamciuc, Elena and Mercer, Frank W. and Fritzsche, P. and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {High temperature polyamides containing pendant imide groups},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrumaHamciucHamciucetal.1996,
  author    = {Bruma, Maria and Hamciuc, Corneliu and Hamciuc, Elena and Mercer, Frank W. and Belomoina, Nataliya and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Heterocyclic polyamides containing hexafluoroisopropylidene groups},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schulz1996,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Herstellung und Charakterisierung geordneter ultrad{\"u}nner Poly(arylen- 1,3,4-oxadiazol) Schichten},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{OkatovaAndreevaSchulz1996,
  author    = {Okatova, Olga V. and Andreeva, Katharina A. and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Thermal hydrolytic degradation of polyoxadiazole derivatives},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JanietzSchulz1996,
  author    = {Janietz, Silvia and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Electrochemical investigation on poly(arylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole)s},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HamciucSchulzBruma1996,
  author    = {Hamciuc, Corneliu and Schulz, Burkhard and Bruma, Maria},
  title     = {New polyhydrazides and polyoxadiazoles containing pendent phenoxy groups},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReicheSchulzKnochenhaueretal.1997,
  author    = {Reiche, J{\"u}rgen and Schulz, Burkhard and Knochenhauer, Gerald and Dietzel, Birgit and Freydank, Anke-Christine and Zetzsche, Thomas and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Supramolecular structures formed from heterocyclic aromatic molecules},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {This paper describes the formation and structure investigation of Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers formed from amphiphilic derivatives of 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole. The 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole group as a functional unit with interesting physical and chemical properties is maintained, while the head group, the length of the alkyl chain and the structure of the coupling unit between aromatic and aliphatic part of these linear short-chain amphiphiles is systematically varied in order to explore the influence of this change on the film forming properties and the stability of Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films. Molecular mechanics simulations are shown by these systematic variations to be suitable for the prediction of optimal chemical structures allowing for a stable stratified molecular packing. The combination of a detailed structure investigation of the multilayers based on scanning force microscopy and X-ray data with molecular mechanics simulations yields an insight into the packing of the molecules and the intermolecular interactions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReicheZetzscheHelmsetal.1997,
  author    = {Reiche, J{\"u}rgen and Zetzsche, Thomas and Helms, Andreas and Freydank, Anke-Christine and Knochenhauer, Gerald and Schulz, Burkhard and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Organized molecular films of oxadiazole compounds formed by vacuum deposition},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FreydankJanietzSchulz1998,
  author    = {Freydank, Anke-Christine and Janietz, Silvia and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Synthesis and electrochemical behaviour of Amphiphilic 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchuermannKochImperiaetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}rmann, H. and Koch, Norbert and Imperia, Paolo and Schrader, Sigurd and Jandke, M. and Strohriegl, P. and Schulz, Burkhard and Leising, G. and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopic study of heterocyclic model compounds for electroluminescent devices},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GieblerSchulzReicheetal.1999,
  author    = {Giebler, Rainer and Schulz, Burkhard and Reiche, J{\"u}rgen and Brehmer, Ludwig and W{\"u}hn, Mario and W{\"o}ll, Christoph and Smith, Andrew Phillip and Urquhart, Steven G. and Ade, Harald W. and Unger, Wolfgang E. S.},
  title     = {Near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy on ordered films of an amphiphilic derivate of 2,5- Diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole},
  year      = {1999},
  abstract  = {The surfaces of ordered films formed from an amphiphilic derivative of 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique and organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) were investigated by the use of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. For the assignment of the spectral features of the C, N, and O K- edge absorption spectra, fingerprint spectra of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)(Kevlar), poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(p-phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole), and 2,5-di- (pentadecyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, which contain related chemical moieties, were recorded. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations, performed with explicit treatment of the core hole, are used to support the spectral interpretations. Angle-resolved NEXAFS spectroscopy at the C, N, and O K-edges suggests a preferentially upright orientation of the oxadiazole derivative in the outermost layer of the films. X-ray specular reflectivity data and molecular modeling results suggest a similar interpretation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KarageorgievStillerPrescheretal.2000,
  author    = {Karageorgiev, Peter and Stiller, Burkhard and Prescher, Dietrich and Dietzel, Birgit and Schulz, Burkhard and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Modification of the surface potential of azobenzene-containing langmuir-blodgett films in the near field of a scanning kelvin microscope tip by irradiation},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KaminorzSchulzBrehmer2000,
  author    = {Kaminorz, Yvette and Schulz, Burkhard and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Optical and Electrical Properties of Substituted 2,5-Diphenyl-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {New substituted 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles are reported as luminescent materials in light emitting diodes LEDs . The investigated new oxadiazoles show efficient blue and green emission in single layer devices. The combination with a hole transporting and red emitting polythiophene led to a white emission with higher quantum efficiency (QE).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MikatFrancoRegensteinetal.2000,
  author    = {Mikat, J{\"u}rgen E. R. and Franco, Olga and Regenstein, Wolfgang and Reck, G{\"u}nter and Knochenhauer, Gerald and Schulz, Burkhard and Orgzall, Ingo},
  title     = {1,3,4-oxadiazole crystals under high pressure-phase transitions and properties},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HamaciucBrumaKoepnicketal.2001,
  author    = {Hamaciuc, E. and Bruma, Maria and K{\"o}pnick, Thomas and Kaminorz, Yvette and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Synthesis and Study of New Silicon-containing Polyoxadiazoles},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {A series of new poly-1,3,4-oxadiazoles has been synthesized by polycondensation reaction of hydrazine sulfate with a mixture of a dicarboxylic acid containing unsaturated bonds and a dicarboxylic acid containing silicon, by using methanesulfonic acid/phosphorus pentoxide as a reaction medium. These polymers were highly thermostable but they were only soluble in strong inorganic acids such as sulfuric or methanesulfonic ones. An alternative way was followed by using the corresponding dihydrazides containing unsaturated bonds and the corresponding diacid chloride containing silicon that reacted in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) to give soluble silicon-containing unsaturated polyhydrazides, which were cyclodehydrated either by thermal or chemical treatment to give the corresponding polyoxadiazoles. Very thin coatings of polyhydrazides and polyoxadiazoles were deposited onto silicon wafers and they showed a very smooth surface, free of pinholes, when studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Some polyoxadiazole films showed strong blue photoluminescence.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SavaBrumaSchulzetal.2005,
  author    = {Sava, Ion and Bruma, Maria and Schulz, Burkhard and K{\"o}pnick, Thomas},
  title     = {Comparison of properties of silicon-containing poly(amide-imide)s},
  issn      = {0954-0083},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {New silicon-containing poly(amide-imide)s have been synthesized by direct polycondensation of various aromatic diamines with a dicarboxylic acid containing the dimethylsilylene group and preformed in-tide cycles. These polymers are easily soluble in polar amidic solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) or dimethylformamide (DMF) and can be cast into thin flexible films or coatings from such solutions. They show high thermal stability, with initial decomposition temperature being above 400 C and glass transition temperature in the range of 220-270 degrees C. Very thin polymer films deposited by spincoating technique onto silicon wafers showed a smooth, pinhole-free surface in atomic force microscopy investigations},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OrgzallFrancoRecketal.2005,
  author    = {Orgzall, Ingo and Franco, Olga and Reck, Guenter and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {High-pressure studies on fluorine substituted 2,5-di(phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles},
  issn      = {0022-2860},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Results are presented from structural and high-pressure investigations on four differently but symmetrically fluorine substituted 2,5di(phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The substitution pattern includes the para-, meta-, or ortho- substitution and the fully fluorinated 2,5-bis(pentafluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole. The crystal structure depends on the molecular structure and results in a different high-pressure behavior. Parameters for the Murnaghan equation of state (EOS) are determined for every compound and the anisotropic pressure response of the crystal lattice is discussed. Although the EOS parameters, bulk modulus K. and its pressure derivative K'(o) are of the same order of magnitude for all four compounds, the anisotropy of strain is noticeably different. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KarageorgievNeherSchulzetal.2005,
  author    = {Karageorgiev, Peter and Neher, Dieter and Schulz, Burkhard and Stiller, Burkhard and Pietsch, Ullrich and Giersig, Michael and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {From anisotropic photo-fluidity towards nanomanipulation in the optical near-field},
  issn      = {1476-1122},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {An increase in random molecular vibrations of a solid owing to heating above the melting point leads to a decrease in its long-range order and a loss of structural symmetry. Therefore conventional liquids are isotropic media. Here we report on a light-induced isothermal transition of a polymer film from an isotropic solid to an anisotropic liquid state in which the degree of mechanical anisotropy can be controlled by light. Whereas during irradiation by circular polarized light the film behaves as an isotropic viscoelastic fluid, it shows considerable fluidity only in the direction parallel to the light field vector under linear polarized light. The fluidization phenomenon is related to photoinduced motion of azobenzene-functionalized molecular units, which can be effectively activated only when their transition dipole moments are oriented close to the direction of the light polarization. We also describe here how the photofluidization allows nanoscopic elements of matter to be precisely manipulated},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrancoOrgzallRecketal.2005,
  author    = {Franco, Olga and Orgzall, Ingo and Reck, G{\"u}nter and Stockhause, Sabine and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Structure and high-pressure behavior of 2,5-di-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole},
  issn      = {0022-3697},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The crystalline structures of two modifications of a compound containing the oxadiazole ring, 2,5-di-(4- aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (DAPO) were determined. One of these modifications contains water molecules in the crystal structure, which is observed for the first time for an oxadiazole crystal. Both crystals show an orthorhombic structure. The water free modification, DAPO L belongs to the space group Pbca (61) and has the lattice parameters: a = 13.461(5), b = 7.937(3) and c = 22.816(8) angstrom (CCDC 246608). The water containing pseudo-polymorph, DAPO 11, has the space group Cmcm (63) and the lattice parameters: a = 16.330(5), b = 12.307(2) and c = 6.9978(14) angstrom (CCDC 246609). To gain information on the inter molecular interactions within the crystals, X-ray experiments under compression at ambient temperature and under heating at vacuum conditions were performed. Neither DAPO I nor DAPO II undergo phase transitions in the ressure range up to 5 GPa, as could be concluded from X-ray and Raman experiments. X-ray and calorimetric studies indicate that DAPO II dehydrates into DAPO I under increasing temperature. Structural considerations suggest a two-stage process. The compression behavior of both substances is well described by the Murnaghan equation of state (MEOS) and the values of the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative are determined for these crystals. Additionally, in the case of DAPO I, also the thermal expansion coefficient an was measured. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrancoOrgzallRegensteinetal.2006,
  author    = {Franco, Olga and Orgzall, Ingo and Regenstein, Wolfgang and Schulz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Structural and spectroscopical study of a 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole polymorph under compression},
  issn      = {0953-8984},
  doi       = {10.1088/0953-8984/18/4/029},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The x-ray pattern and the Raman and luminescence spectra of crystalline 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole in one of its polymorphic forms (DPO II) have been investigated under pressure up to 5 GPa. The behaviour of the lattice parameters under compression was determined and it was found that the Murnaghan equation of state provides a good description of the volume-pressure relationship of DPO II. The values for the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative are K-0 = 8.6 GPa and K-0' = 7.2. The analysis of the Raman spectrum under compression clearly shows the pressure- induced shift of the Raman modes to higher frequencies. The mode Gruneisen parameters for the lattice modes were determined. Additionally, it was found that the emission spectrum of DPO II moves to lower energies and that the luminescence intensity decreases when pressure is applied},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzOrgzallDiezetal.2010,
  author    = {Schulz, Burkhard and Orgzall, Ingo and Diez, Isabel and Dietzel, Birgit and Tauer, Klaus},
  title     = {Template mediated formation of shaped polypyrrole particles},
  issn      = {0927-7757},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.11.034},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The formation of different micro- and nanostructures during the chemical synthesis of polypyrrole is reviewed shortly based on the conceptions of hard- and soft-templating models. Contrary to other models that emphasize the role of micelles it is found here that during the oxidative polymerization of pyrole using sulfonic acid dopants a crystalline hard template is found in the first steps of the reaction before the addition of the oxidant. This template is formed by a complex consisting of 2,5-bis(pyrrole-2-yl)pyrrolidine and the sulfonic acid anion. The acid catalyzed formation of this specific tripyrrole is discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}