@article{PerezCornagoCroweApplebyetal.2021,
  author    = {Perez-Cornago, Aurora and Crowe, Francesca L. and Appleby, Paul N. and Bradbury, Kathryn E. and Wood, Angela M. and Jakobsen, Marianne Uhre and Johnson, Laura and Sacerdote, Carlotta and Steur, Marinka and Weiderpass, Elisabete and Wurtz, Anne Mette L. and Kuhn, Tilman and Katzke, Verena and Trichopoulou, Antonia and Karakatsani, Anna and La Vecchia, Carlo and Masala, Giovanna and Tumino, Rosario and Panico, Salvatore and Sluijs, Ivonne and Skeie, Guri and Imaz, Liher and Petrova, Dafina and Quiros, J. Ramon and Yohar, Sandra Milena Colorado and Jakszyn, Paula and Melander, Olle and Sonestedt, Emily and Andersson, Jonas and Wennberg, Maria and Aune, Dagfinn and Riboli, Elio and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and di Angelantonio, Emanuele and Wareham, Nicholas J. and Danesh, John and Forouhi, Nita G. and Butterworth, Adam S. and Key, Timothy J.},
  title     = {Plant foods, dietary fibre and risk of ischaemic heart disease in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort},
  series = {International journal of epidemiology},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {International journal of epidemiology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0300-5771},
  doi       = {10.1093/ije/dyaa155},
  pages     = {212 -- 222},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: Epidemiological evidence indicates that diets rich in plant foods are associated with a lower risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), but there is sparse information on fruit and vegetable subtypes and sources of dietary fibre. This study examined the associations of major plant foods, their subtypes and dietary fibre with risk of IHD in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 490 311 men and women without a history of myocardial infarction or stroke at recruitment (12.6 years of follow-up, n cases = 8504), in 10 European countries. Dietary intake was assessed using validated questionnaires, calibrated with 24-h recalls. Multivariable Cox regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of IHD. Results: There was a lower risk of IHD with a higher intake of fruit and vegetables combined [HR per 200 g/day higher intake 0.94, 95\% confidence interval (CI): 0.90-0.99, P-trend = 0.009], and with total fruits (per 100 g/day 0.97, 0.95-1.00, P-trend = 0.021). There was no evidence for a reduced risk for fruit subtypes, except for bananas. Risk was lower with higher intakes of nuts and seeds (per 10 g/day 0.90, 0.82-0.98, Ptrend = 0.020), total fibre (per 10 g/day 0.91, 0.85-0.98, P-trend = 0.015), fruit and vegetable fibre (per 4 g/day 0.95, 0.91-0.99, P-trend = 0.022) and fruit fibre (per 2 g/day 0.97, 0.95-1.00, P-trend = 0.045). No associations were observed between vegetables, vegetables subtypes, legumes, cereals and IHD risk. Conclusions: In this large prospective study, we found some small inverse associations between plant foods and IHD risk, with fruit and vegetables combined being the most strongly inversely associated with risk. Whether these small associations are causal remains unclear.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RothwellMurphyAleksandrovaetal.2020,
  author    = {Rothwell, Joseph A. and Murphy, Neil and Aleksandrova, Krasimira and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Bešević, Jelena and Kliemann, Nathalie and Jenab, Mazda and Ferrari, Pietro and Achaintre, David and Gicquiau, Audrey and Vozar, B{\´e}atrice and Scalbert, Augustin and Huybrechts, Inge and Freisling, Heinz and Prehn, Cornelia and Adamski, Jerzy and Cross, Amanda J. and Pala, Valeria Maria and Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine and Dahm, Christina C. and Overvad, Kim and Gram, Inger Torhild and Sandanger, Torkjel M. and Skeie, Guri and Jakszyn, Paula and Tsilidis, Kostas K. and Hughes, David J. and van Guelpen, Bethany and Bod{\´e}n, Stina and S{\´a}nchez, Maria-Jos{\´e} and Schmidt, Julie A. and Katzke, Verena and K{\"u}hn, Tilman and Colorado-Yohar, Sandra and Tumino, Rosario and Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas and Vineis, Paolo and Masala, Giovanna and Panico, Salvatore and Eriksen, Anne Kirstine and Tj{\o}nneland, Anne and Aune, Dagfinn and Weiderpass, Elisabete and Severi, Gianluca and Chaj{\`e}s, V{\´e}ronique and Gunter, Marc J.},
  title     = {Metabolic signatures of healthy lifestyle patterns and colorectal cancer risk in a European cohort},
  series = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {1542-3565},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.cgh.2020.11.045},
  pages     = {E1061 -- E1082},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {BACKGROUND \& AIMS: Colorectal cancer risk can be lowered by adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) guidelines. We derived metabolic signatures of adherence to these guidelines and tested their associations with colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. METHODS: Scores reflecting adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations (scale, 1-5) were calculated from participant data on weight maintenance, physical activity, diet, and alcohol among a discovery set of 5738 cancer-free European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition participants with metabolomics data. Partial least-squares regression was used to derive fatty acid and endogenous metabolite signatures of the WCRF/AICR score in this group. In an independent set of 1608 colorectal cancer cases and matched controls, odds ratios (ORs) and 95\% CIs were calculated for colorectal cancer risk per unit increase in WCRF/AICR score and per the corresponding change in metabolic signatures using multivariable conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Higher WCRF/AICR scores were characterized by metabolic signatures of increased odd-chain fatty acids, serine, glycine, and specific phosphatidylcholines. Signatures were inversely associated more strongly with colorectal cancer risk (fatty acids: OR, 0.51 per unit increase; 95\% CI, 0.29-0.90; endogenous metabolites: OR, 0.62 per unit change; 95\% CI, 0.50-0.78) than the WCRF/AICR score (OR, 0.93 per unit change; 95\% CI, 0.86-1.00) overall. Signature associations were stronger in male compared with female participants. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolite profiles reflecting adherence to WCRF/AICR guidelines and additional lifestyle or biological risk factors were associated with colorectal cancer. Measuring a specific panel of metabolites representative of a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle may identify strata of the population at higher risk of colorectal cancer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KroegerMeidtnerStefanetal.2018,
  author    = {Kroeger, Janine and Meidtner, Karina and Stefan, Norbert and Guevara, Marcela and Kerrison, Nicola D. and Ardanaz, Eva and Aune, Dagfinn and Boeing, Heiner and Dorronsoro, Miren and Dow, Courtney and Fagherazzi, Guy and Franks, Paul W. and Freisling, Heinz and Gunter, Marc J. and Maria Huerta, Jose and Kaaks, Rudolf and Key, Timothy J. and Khaw, Kay Tee and Krogh, Vittorio and Kuehn, Tilman and Mancini, Francesca Romana and Mattiello, Amalia and Nilsson, Peter M. and Olsen, Anja and Overvad, Kim and Palli, Domenico and Ramon Quiros, J. and Rolandsson, Olov and Sacerdote, Carlotta and Sala, Nuria and Salamanca-Fernandez, Elena and Sluijs, Ivonne and Spijkerman, Annemieke M. W. and Tjonneland, Anne and Tsilidis, Konstantinos K. and Tumino, Rosario and van der Schouw, Yvonne T. and Forouhi, Nita G. and Sharp, Stephen J. and Langenberg, Claudia and Riboli, Elio and Schulze, Matthias Bernd and Wareham, Nicholas J.},
  title     = {Circulating Fetuin-A and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes},
  series = {Diabetes : a journal of the American Diabetes Association},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Diabetes : a journal of the American Diabetes Association},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {American Diabetes Association},
  address   = {Alexandria},
  issn      = {0012-1797},
  doi       = {10.2337/db17-1268},
  pages     = {1200 -- 1205},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Fetuin-A, a hepatic-origin protein, is strongly positively associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in human observational studies, but it is unknown whether this association is causal. Weaimed to study the potential causal relation of circulating fetuin-A to risk of type 2 diabetes in a Mendelian randomization study with single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the fetuin-A-encoding AHSG gene. We used data from eight European countries of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study including 10,020 incident cases. Plasma fetuin-A concentration was measured in a subset of 965 subcohort participants and 654 case subjects. A genetic score of the AHSG single nucleotide polymorphisms was strongly associated with fetuin-A (28\% explained variation). Using the genetic score as instrumental variable of fetuin-A, we observed no significant association of a 50 mu g/mL higher fetuin-A concentration with diabetes risk (hazard ratio 1.02 [95\% CI 0.97, 1.07]). Combining our results with those from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (12,171 case subjects) also did not suggest a clear significant relation of fetuin-A with diabetes risk. In conclusion, although there is mechanistic evidence for an effect of fetuin-A on insulin sensitivity and secretion, this study does not support a strong, relevant relationship between circulating fetuin-A and diabetes risk in the general population.},
  language  = {en}
}