@article{BreuStosselSchraderetal.2005,
  author    = {Breu, J. and Stossel, P. and Schrader, Sigurd and Starukhin, A. and Finkenzeller, W. J. and Yersin, H.},
  title     = {Crystal structure of fac-Ir(ppy)(3) and emission properties under ambient conditions and at high pressure},
  issn      = {0897-4756},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Solution and refinement of the crystal structure of fac-Ir(ppy)(3) is severely hampered by systematic twinning and pseudo-symmetry.fac-Ir(ppy)(3) Crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P (3) over bar as has been deduced from single-crystal structure refinement and investigations of the second harmonic generation (SHG) of fac-Ir(ppy)(3) powder as compared to two standard materials. The topology of the molecular packing of fac-Ir(ppy)(3) is identical to the packing observed for [Ru(bpy)(3)](0), however, the site symmetry of all Ir(ppy)(3) molecules is necessarily lowered from D-3 to C-3. Packing motifs with intermolecular "pi-pi interactions" of T-shaped and "shifted pi stack" geometry are realized. The systematic twinning leads to the occurrence of crystalline domains with rigorously alternating chirality within the bulk of the domains but with homochiral fac-Ir(ppy)(3) contacts at the domain interfaces. These differences in packing motifs are displayed in the emission spectra and in the high-pressure-induced shifts of the emission. The emission maximum of the bulk material at 18 350 cm(-1) (545 nm) and of the domain interfaces at 19 700 cm-1 (507 nm) experience for p < 25 kbar and T = 295 K red shifts of Delta nu/Delta p = -(12 +/- 2) cm(-1)/kbar, and -(22 +/- 4) cm(- 1)/kbar, respectively},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzerPenzkoferSchraderetal.2005,
  author    = {Holzer, Wolfgang and Penzkofer, Alfons and Schrader, Sigurd and Grimm, Bernhard},
  title     = {Photo-physical and lasing characterisation of a polyparaphenylenevinylene (PPV) neat film},
  issn      = {0306-8919},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The wave-guided travelling-wave laser action (amplified spontaneous emission) of a neat film of poly(p- phenylenevinylene) (PPV) on a quartz glass substrate prepared by a sulfinyl precursor technique is studied. The samples are transversally pumped with picosecond excitation pulses (wavelength 347.15 nm, duration 35 ps). Lasing occurs at 550 nm. The optical constants of the neat films are determined by transmittance measurements exploiting the multiple beam interference in the transparency region. A fluorescence spectroscopic characterisation is carried out determining the fluorescence quantum distribution, fluorescence quantum yield, degree of fluorescence polarisation, and fluorescence lifetime. The emitting chromophore size (emitting singlet exciton extension) is determined by the ratio of exciton radiative lifetime to repeat-unit based radiative lifetime. The obtained size of about two repeat units is discussed in a disordered solid-state polymer model},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{SmertenkoFenenkoBrehmeretal.2005,
  author    = {Smertenko, P. and Fenenko, L. and Brehmer, Ludwig and Schrader, Sigurd},
  title     = {Differential approach to the study of integral characteristics in polymer films},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The differential approach is based on the determination of dimensionless differential slope, for instance, of current-voltage characteristics (IVC), I=f(V). This slope (a) is given by formula alpha=d(lgI)/d(lgV). With such definition the ranges of constancy of the a(V) dependency correspond to the part of IVC characterized by the power behaviour (I similar to V-alpha). The differential slope of alpha(V) dependency gamma = d(lg alpha)/dlgV determines the exponent behaviour of curve (I similar to exp {eV(y)/kT}). Processing by the differential approach of the investigated theoretical or experimental characteristics permits us to determine the peculiarity of charge flow mechanisms, temperature behaviour of conductivity, etc. The theoretical base and some applications of differential approach to the investigation of the current-voltage, temperature and degradation characteristics of the polyaniline and poly(p- phenilenevinilene) based structures have been shown. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WongDetertBrehmeretal.2005,
  author    = {Wong, J. E. and Detert, H. and Brehmer, Ludwig and Schrader, Sigurd},
  title     = {Green light-emitting devices based on soluble oligo(phenylenevinylenes)},
  issn      = {0169-4332},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {In this work, we report our investigations on the film-forming properties as well as the optical and electroluminescent characterisations of a series of lateral-substituted soluble oligo(phenylenevinylenes) of various conjugation length. Preliminary investigations show that these materials are potential candidates for use in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Two types of OLEDs were fabricated: single layer (SL) and single heterostructure (SHS), with poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) as hole transporting layer. Our best results were obtained with single layer device emitting green light with a luminance of 0.18 cd m(-2) and 0.24 cd m(-2) at a driving voltage of 10 V. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NagyStrahlNeuhauseretal.2004,
  author    = {Nagy, A. and Strahl, A. and Neuhauser, H. and Schrader, Sigurd and Behrens, I. and Peiner, E. and Schlachetzki, A.},
  title     = {Mechanical spectroscopy of thin layers of PPV polymer on Si substrates},
  issn      = {0921-5093},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The vibrating reed technique with electro "static" excitation and optical detection has been applied to investigate thin layers of poly-phenylene-vinylene, deposited by spin coating onto microfabricated Si cantilevers, during temperature cycling programs between 90 and 540 K at a rate of 1 K/min. From the vibration frequencies the Young's modulus of the film can be estimated to be about 10 MPa at room temperature in the precursor phase (if prepared from a solution in toluene), which increases by conversion to the conjugate bonded polymer to about 50 MPa. The temperature dependence of internal friction reveals the processes of gamma relaxations (crankshaft motion of side branches in the precursor) and P-relaxation (movements of a few monomer blocks in the polymer chain), as well as peaks indicating the structural transformations during conversion, and possibly a glass transition in the amorphous precursor phase. After conversion only the P-relaxation persists. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderPenzkoferHolzeretal.2004,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Penzkofer, Alfons and Holzer, W. and Velagapudi, Ramakrishna and Grimm, Bernhard},
  title     = {Laser spectroscopic investigation of a new precursor - type polyparaphenylenevinylene},
  issn      = {0022-2313},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Optical, structural and morphological properties of thin films of polyparaphenylenevinylene (PPV) formed by an alkyl sulfinyl precursor route have been studied. Thin films were fabricated on an optical glass and on quartz glass either by spin-coating of the precursor solution or by layer-by-layer deposition using Langmuir-Blodgett technique. PPV precursor films were also spin-coated on gold-coated glass in order to study thin-film optical parameters by surface plasmon spectroscopy. We have been successful in forming about 40 precursor mono layers on quartz glass by Langmuir- Blodgett technique using optimized surface pressure and dipping conditions. After thermal conversion of the precursor layers good quality fluorescent PPV films of yellow colour have been obtained. Optical characterization of the films was carried out by linear absorption and emission spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and surface plasmon spectroscopy. Structural and morphological studies on the thin films were carried out by using X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. Wave- guided travelling-wave laser action has been achieved in a PPV film on quartz glass. The sample was transversally pumped with picosecond laser pulses (wavelength 347.15 nm, duration 35 ps). Laser emission occurred at 550 nm for pump pulse energy densities above 1 x 10(-4) J cm(-2). (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SmertenkoDimitrievSchraderetal.2004,
  author    = {Smertenko, P. S. and Dimitriev, O. P. and Schrader, Sigurd and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Doping of polyaniline by transition metal salts : current-voltage characteristics of the ITO/polymer film/metal heterostructures},
  issn      = {0379-6779},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Films of emeraldine base of polyaniline (PAni) doped by various transition metal salts have been prepared, and current-voltage characteristics of the indium-tin oxide (ITO)/PAni film/metal electrode heterostructures were investigated. It was found that the electrical characteristics of the heterostructures are greatly affected by the dopant used and the metal electrode used. Different dopants resulted in different current anomalies with asymmetric current-voltage characteristics. Depending on the dopant used, the exponential and power law of the current behavior can be distinguished. Depending on the metal electrode used, two different regimes of current passing have been found at low applied voltages, namely, a nearly ohmic regime for the indium electrode, and a diode regime for the aluminum electrode. The diode regime was found to accompany by a positive charge accumulation in the film near the film/metal interface, which creates a built-in potential in the film. The amount of positive charges accumulated at the interface and therefore the value of the built-in potential can be reversibly increased or reduced by successive runs of the applied voltage in the forward or reverse direction, respectively. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schrader2003,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd},
  title     = {Elektronische Struktur und Anregungsprozesse orgainscher Halbleiter},
  pages     = {146 S.},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RossiAlvaradoRiessetal.2000,
  author    = {Rossi, L. and Alvarado, Santos F. and Rieß, Walter and Schrader, Sigurd and Lidzey, D. G. and Bradley, D. D. C.},
  title     = {Influence of alkoxy substituents on the exciton binding energy of conjugated polymers},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FazioLagerwallZaulsetal.2000,
  author    = {Fazio, V. S. U. and Lagerwall, S. T. and Zauls, V. and Schrader, Sigurd and Busson, P. and Hult, A. and Motschmann, H.},
  title     = {Nonlinear optical properties of a channel waveguide produced with crosslinkable ferroelectric liquid crystals},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FlueraruSchraderZaulsetal.2000,
  author    = {Flueraru, C. and Schrader, Sigurd and Zauls, V. and Motschmann, H.},
  title     = {Sensitivity analysis of ellipsometry applied to uniaxial optical films},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StephanSchraderBrehmer2000,
  author    = {Stephan, J{\"o}rg and Schrader, Sigurd and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Monte Carlo simulations of charge transport in molecular solids : a modified Miller Abrahams type jump rate approach},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MoellerSchraderMotschmannetal.2000,
  author    = {M{\"o}ller, Gunter Eric and Schrader, Sigurd and Motschmann, H. and Prescher, Dietrich},
  title     = {Influence of a base electrolyte on the adsorption behavior of an anionic surfactant as observed by second harmonic generation},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchuermannKochVollmeretal.2000,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}rmann, H. and Koch, Norbert and Vollmer, A. and Schrader, Sigurd and Neumann, M.},
  title     = {Angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of oriented sexiphenyl layers},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{StrehmelSchraderSeifert1999,
  author    = {Strehmel, Bernd and Schrader, Sigurd and Seifert, H.},
  title     = {Applied fluorescence in chemistry, biology and medicine},
  editor    = {Rettig, W.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {3-540-64451-2},
  pages     = {XIX, 562 S. : Ill., graph. Darst},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderSchuermannKochetal.1999,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Sch{\"u}rmann, H. and Koch, Norbert and Prescher, Dietrich},
  title     = {Electronic structure of new donor acceptor substituted chromophores},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchuermannKochVollmeretal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}rmann, H. and Koch, Norbert and Vollmer, A. and Schrader, Sigurd and Neumann, M.},
  title     = {Angle resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS) of oriented sexiphenyl layers},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchuermannKochImperiaetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}rmann, H. and Koch, Norbert and Imperia, Paolo and Schrader, Sigurd and Jandke, M. and Strohriegl, P. and Schulz, Burkhard and Leising, G. and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopic study of heterocyclic model compounds for electroluminescent devices},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderImperiaKochetal.1999,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Imperia, Paolo and Koch, Norbert and Leising, G. and Falk, B.},
  title     = {Organic Light-emitting devices based on new heterocyclic compounds},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderVismantsDietzeletal.1999,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Vismants, Z. and Dietzel, Birgit and Flueraru, C. and Prescher, Dietrich and Reiche, J{\"u}rgen and Motschmann, H. and Brehmer, Ludwig},
  title     = {Linear and nonlinear optical properties of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers from chromophore-containing maleic acid anhydride polymers},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttoSteigerSchrader1998,
  author    = {Otto, Andreas H. and Steiger, Th. and Schrader, Sigurd},
  title     = {The gas phase acidity of trifluoromethanesulphonic acid : an ab initio MO and density functional theory study},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttoSteigerSchrader1998,
  author    = {Otto, Andreas H. and Steiger, Th. and Schrader, Sigurd},
  title     = {HAICI4 in the gas phase is stronger than HTaF6.},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderPrescherZauls1998,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Prescher, Dietrich and Zauls, V.},
  title     = {New chromophores and polymers for second order nonlinear optics},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderRiessVestweberetal.1998,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Rieß, Walter and Vestweber, H. and Koch, Norbert},
  title     = {New polymeric heterolayer systems for efficient light-emitting devices},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderWortmannPrescheretal.1998,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Wortmann, Hanna Rosalie and Prescher, Dietrich and Lukaszuk, K. and Otto, Andreas H.},
  title     = {Solvatochromy and electro-optical study of new fluorine-containing chromophores},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttoPrescherGeyetal.1997,
  author    = {Otto, Andreas H. and Prescher, Dietrich and Gey, E. and Schrader, Sigurd},
  title     = {Proton affinities of some polyfluoroalkanes in comparison to the unsubstituted alkanes. The estimation of the proton affinities of polyfluorethylene and polyethylene by applying theoretical methods},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OttoSchraderSteigeretal.1997,
  author    = {Otto, Andreas H. and Schrader, Sigurd and Steiger, Th. and Schneider, M.},
  title     = {Gas phase deprotonation energies of Sulfuric Acid, Perchloric Acid, Chlorsulfuric Acid and Fluorosulfuric Acid},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderSchuermannDruskaetal.1997,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Sch{\"u}rmann, H. and Druska, P. and Teppner, Randolf and Prescher, Dietrich},
  title     = {Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of conjugated organic model compounds},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderPfeifferReutheretal.1997,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Pfeiffer, Karl and Reuther, Freimut and Lorkowski, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Stable polymer chromophore systems for nonlinear optics},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderPrescher1997,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Prescher, Dietrich},
  title     = {Molecular substitution and nonlinear optical properties of chromophores},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchraderPrescher1995,
  author    = {Schrader, Sigurd and Prescher, Dietrich},
  title     = {Fluorine-containing chromophores with special nonlinear optical properties},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}