@unpublished{LaubrockHohenstein2012, author = {Laubrock, Jochen and Hohenstein, Sven}, title = {Orthographic consistency and parafoveal preview benefit: A resource-sharing account of language differences in processing of phonological and semantic codes}, series = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary}, volume = {35}, journal = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary}, number = {5}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0140-525X}, doi = {10.1017/S0140525X12000209}, pages = {292 -- 293}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Parafoveal preview benefit (PB) is an implicit measure of lexical activation in reading. PB has been demonstrated for orthographic and phonological but not for semantically related information in English. In contrast, semantic PB is obtained in German and Chinese. We propose that these language differences reveal differential resource demands and timing of phonological and semantic decoding in different orthographic systems.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Risse2012, author = {Risse, Sarah}, title = {Letter crowding and the benefit of parafoveal preview during reading}, series = {Perception}, volume = {41}, booktitle = {Perception}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0301-0066}, pages = {133 -- 133}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{DaigMahlbergStethinetal.2012, author = {Daig, Isolde and Mahlberg, Richard and Stethin, Julia and Shroeder, Franziska and Wrase, Jana and Knoll, Nina and Bschor, Tom and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Heinz, Andreas and Kienast, Thorsten}, title = {Decreased verbal learning but not recognition performance in alcohol-dependent individuals during early abstinence}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Trukenbrod2012, author = {Trukenbrod, Hans Arne}, title = {Temporal and spatial aspects of eye-movement control : from reading to scanning}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70206}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Eye movements are a powerful tool to examine cognitive processes. However, in most paradigms little is known about the dynamics present in sequences of saccades and fixations. In particular, the control of fixation durations has been widely neglected in most tasks. As a notable exception, both spatial and temporal aspects of eye-movement control have been thoroughly investigated during reading. There, the scientific discourse was dominated by three controversies, (i), the role of oculomotor vs. cognitive processing on eye-movement control, (ii) the serial vs. parallel processing of words, and, (iii), the control of fixation durations. The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate eye movements in tasks that require sequences of fixations and saccades. While reading phenomena served as a starting point, we examined eye guidance in non-reading tasks with the aim to identify general principles of eye-movement control. In addition, the investigation of eye movements in non-reading tasks helped refine our knowledge about eye-movement control during reading. Our approach included the investigation of eye movements in non-reading experiments as well as the evaluation and development of computational models. I present three main results : First, oculomotor phenomena during reading can also be observed in non-reading tasks (Chapter 2 \& 4). Oculomotor processes determine the fixation position within an object. The fixation position, in turn, modulates both the next saccade target and the current fixation duration. Second, predicitions of eye-movement models based on sequential attention shifts were falsified (Chapter 3). In fact, our results suggest that distributed processing of multiple objects forms the basis of eye-movement control. Third, fixation durations are under asymmetric control (Chapter 4). While increasing processing demands immediately prolong fixation durations, decreasing processing demands reduce fixation durations only with a temporal delay. We propose a computational model ICAT to account for asymmetric control. In this model, an autonomous timer initiates saccades after random time intervals independent of ongoing processing. However, processing demands that are higher than expected inhibit the execution of the next saccade and, thereby, prolong the current fixation. On the other hand, lower processing demands will not affect the duration before the next saccade is executed. Since the autonomous timer adjusts to expected processing demands from fixation to fixation, a decrease in processing demands may lead to a temporally delayed reduction of fixation durations. In an extended version of ICAT, we evaluated its performance while simulating both temporal and spatial aspects of eye-movement control. The eye-movement phenomena investigated in this thesis have now been observed in a number of different tasks, which suggests that they represent general principles of eye guidance. I propose that distributed processing of the visual input forms the basis of eye-movement control, while fixation durations are controlled by the principles outlined in ICAT. In addition, oculomotor control contributes considerably to the variability observed in eye movements. Interpretations for the relation between eye movements and cognition strongly benefit from a precise understanding of this interplay.}, language = {en} } @article{HenrichsElsnerElsneretal.2012, author = {Henrichs, Ivanina and Elsner, Claudia and Elsner, Birgit and Gredeback, Gustaf}, title = {Goal salience affects infants' goal-directed gaze shifts}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00391}, pages = {7}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Around their first year of life, infants are able to anticipate the goal of others' ongoing actions. For instance, 12-month-olds anticipate the goal of everyday feeding actions and manual actions such as reaching and grasping. However, little is known whether the salience of the goal influences infants' online assessment of others' actions. The aim of the current eye-tracking study was to elucidate infants' ability to anticipate reaching actions depending on the visual salience of the goal object. In Experiment 1, 12-month-old infants' goal-directed gaze shifts were recorded as they observed a hand reaching for and grasping either a large (high-salience condition) or a small (low-salience condition) goal object. Infants exhibited predictive gaze shifts significantly earlier when the observed hand reached for the large goal object compared to when it reached for the small goal object. In addition, findings revealed rapid learning over the course of trials in the high-salience condition and no learning in the low-salience condition. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the results could not be simply attributed to the different grip aperture of the hand used when reaching for small and large objects. Together, our data indicate that by the end of their first year of life, infants rely on information about the goal salience to make inferences about the action goal.}, language = {en} } @article{ElsnerPfeifer2012, author = {Elsner, Birgit and Pfeifer, Caroline}, title = {Movement or goal Goal salience and verbal cues affect preschoolers' imitation of action components}, series = {Journal of experimental child psychology}, volume = {112}, journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0022-0965}, doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2012.02.010}, pages = {283 -- 295}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The impact of goal salience and verbal cues given by the model on 3- to 5-year-olds' reproduction of action components (movement or goal) was investigated in an imitation choice task. Preschoolers watched an experimenter moving a puppet up or down a ramp, terminating at one of two target objects. The target objects were either differently colored plastic bowls (low-salient group) or sociofunctionally relevant objects (high-salient group). While demonstrating the action in several trials, the model verbalized either the movement, the goal, both the movement and the goal, or none of the components. Children imitated the action on a second ramp with reversed positions of the target objects, so they needed to decide whether to reproduce the observed movement or the observed end state. In the high-salient group, preschoolers preferentially imitated the goal component, whereas in the low-salient group, they did not show a preference for one of the components. Across trials, preschoolers preferentially imitated the goal when this component or both components were verbalized, whereas they showed no preference when the movement or none of the components was emphasized. Yet, verbal cues seemed to have stronger effects in the low-salient condition. We conclude that sociofunctional salience of action goals and communicative cues of the model affect young children's representation of observed actions, leading to a selective reproduction of those action components that are relevant to the child.}, language = {en} } @article{ElsnerSchellhas2012, author = {Elsner, Birgit and Schellhas, Bernd}, title = {The acquisition of flexible tool use in preschoolers the impact of prior experience}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychologie = Journal of psychology}, volume = {220}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychologie = Journal of psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {2190-8370}, doi = {10.1027/2151-2604/a000090}, pages = {44 -- 49}, year = {2012}, abstract = {To investigate how preschoolers acquire a tool use strategy and how they adapt their tool use to a changed situation, 2- to 4-year-olds were asked to retrieve chips from a transparent box with a rod, either by stabbing and lifting through a top opening or by pushing through a front and a back opening. In both conditions, about 40\% of the children acquired effective tool use by individual learning, and 90\% of the other children learned this by observing only one demonstration. When confronted with a changed situation (i.e., previous opening covered, alternative opening uncovered), children perseverated with the recently learned, but now ineffective tool use strategy. Neither age nor acquisition type of the first strategy affected preschoolers' perseverations. Results indicate that prior tool use experiences have differential effects in situations that require either transferring known functions to novel objects or using a familiar tool for an alternative purpose.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KruegelEngbert2012, author = {Kr{\"u}gel, Andre and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Saccade targeting of spatially extended objects a Bayesian model}, series = {Perception}, volume = {41}, booktitle = {Perception}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0301-0066}, pages = {167 -- 167}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{KruegelVituEngbert2012, author = {Kr{\"u}gel, Andre and Vitu, Francoise and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Fixation positions after skipping saccades - a single space makes a large difference}, series = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, volume = {74}, journal = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, number = {8}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1943-3921}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-012-0365-1}, pages = {1556 -- 1561}, year = {2012}, abstract = {During reading, saccadic eye movements are generated to shift words into the center of the visual field for lexical processing. Recently, Krugel and Engbert (Vision Research 50:1532-1539, 2010) demonstrated that within-word fixation positions are largely shifted to the left after skipped words. However, explanations of the origin of this effect cannot be drawn from normal reading data alone. Here we show that the large effect of skipped words on the distribution of within-word fixation positions is primarily based on rather subtle differences in the low-level visual information acquired before saccades. Using arrangements of "x" letter strings, we reproduced the effect of skipped character strings in a highly controlled single-saccade task. Our results demonstrate that the effect of skipped words in reading is the signature of a general visuomotor phenomenon. Moreover, our findings extend beyond the scope of the widely accepted range-error model, which posits that within-word fixation positions in reading depend solely on the distances of target words. We expect that our results will provide critical boundary conditions for the development of visuomotor models of saccade planning during reading.}, language = {en} } @article{KucianKohnHannulaSormunenetal.2012, author = {Kucian, Karin and Kohn, Juliane and Hannula-Sormunen, Minna M. and Richtmann, Verena and Grond, Ursin and K{\"a}ser, Tanja and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Kinder mit Dyskalkulie fokussieren spontan weniger auf Anzahligkeit}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @book{EsserWyschkon2012, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne}, title = {Basisdiagnostik umschriebener Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen im Vorschulalter : (BUEVA) Version II}, publisher = {Beltz}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {100 S.}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Rauh2012, author = {Rauh, Hellgard}, title = {Bedeutung der fr{\"u}hkindlichen Bindungsqualit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Kinder mit Trisomie 21. Erfahrungen aus einer Langzeitstudie {\"u}ber 20 Jahre}, isbn = {978-3-17-021976-2}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Rauh2012, author = {Rauh, Hellgard}, title = {Erste Bindung (12-13 Monate)}, isbn = {978-3-8379-2151-9}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @book{IhleGroenWalteretal.2012, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Groen, Gunter and Walter, Daniel and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Petermann, Franz}, title = {Depression}, series = {Leitfaden Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie}, volume = {16}, journal = {Leitfaden Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-8017-2381-1}, pages = {IX, 162 S.}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Urbach2012, author = {Urbach, Tina}, title = {What makes or breaks proactivity at work : how personal motives affect the evaluation of improvement suggestions}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {226 S.}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kohn2012, author = {Kohn, Juliane}, title = {Rechenst{\"o}rungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter: psychische Auff{\"a}lligkeiten und kognitive Defizite}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {418, 48 S.}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{WarschburgerKroeller2012, author = {Warschburger, Petra and Kr{\"o}ller, Katja}, title = {Childhood overweight and obesity: maternal perceptions of the time for engaging in child weight management}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-12-295}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @misc{LauchtBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2012, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Treutlein, Jens and Shmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtTreutleinBlomeyeretal.2012, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Treutlein, Jens and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Reitschelb, Marcel and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Interactive effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene and childhood adversity on depressive symptoms in young adults: Findings from a longitudinal study}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{StadlerOttSpringeretal.2012, author = {Stadler, Waltraud and Ott, Derek V. M. and Springer, Anne and Schubotz, Ricarda I. and Sch{\"u}tz-Bosbach, Simone and Prinz, Wolfgang}, title = {Repetitive TMS suggests a role of the human dorsal premotor cortex in action prediction}, series = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc}, number = {2}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1662-5161}, doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2012.00020}, pages = {11}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Predicting the actions of other individuals is crucial for our daily interactions. Recent evidence suggests that the prediction of object-directed arm and full-body actions employs the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Thus, the neural substrate involved in action control may also be essential for action prediction. Here, we aimed to address this issue and hypothesized that disrupting the PMd impairs action prediction. Using fMRI-guided coil navigation, rTMS (five pulses, 10Hz) was applied over the left PMd and over the vertex (control region) while participants observed everyday actions in video clips that were transiently occluded for 1s. The participants detected manipulations in the time course of occluded actions, which required them to internally predict the actions during occlusion. To differentiate between functional roles that the PMd could play in prediction, rTMS was either delivered at occluder-onset (TMS-early), affecting the initiation of action prediction, or 300 ms later during occlusion(TMS-late), affecting the maintenance of anongoing prediction. TMS-early over the left PMd produced more prediction errors than TMS-early over the vertex. TMS-late had no effect on prediction performance, suggesting that the left PMd might be involved particularly during the initiation of internally guided action prediction but may play a subordinate role in maintaining ongoing prediction. These findings open a new perspective on the role of the left PMd in action prediction which is in line with its functions in action control and in cognitive tasks. In the discussion, there levance of the left PMd for integrating external action parameters with the observer's motor repertoire is emphasized. Overall, the results are in line with the notion that premotor functions are employed in both action control and action observation.}, language = {en} } @article{TschentscherHaukFischeretal.2012, author = {Tschentscher, Nadja and Hauk, Olaf and Fischer, Martin H. and Pulverm{\"u}ller, Friedemann}, title = {You can count on the motor cortex finger counting habits modulate motor cortex activation evoked by numbers}, series = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, volume = {59}, journal = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.037}, pages = {3139 -- 3148}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The embodied cognition framework suggests that neural systems for perception and action are engaged during higher cognitive processes. In an event-related fMRI study, we tested this claim for the abstract domain of numerical symbol processing: is the human cortical motor system part of the representation of numbers, and is organization of numerical knowledge influenced by individual finger counting habits? Developmental studies suggest a link between numerals and finger counting habits due to the acquisition of numerical skills through finger counting in childhood. In the present study, digits 1 to 9 and the corresponding number words were presented visually to adults with different finger counting habits, i.e. left- and right-starters who reported that they usually start counting small numbers with their left and right hand, respectively. Despite the absence of overt hand movements, the hemisphere contralateral to the hand used for counting small numbers was activated when small numbers were presented. The correspondence between finger counting habits and hemispheric motor activation is consistent with an intrinsic functional link between finger counting and number processing.}, language = {en} } @article{Roesler2012, author = {Roesler, Frank}, title = {Some unsettled problems in behavioral neuroscience research}, series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, volume = {76}, journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0340-0727}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-011-0408-6}, pages = {131 -- 144}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The goal of behavioral neuroscience is to map psychological concepts onto physiological and anatomical concepts and vice versa. The present paper reflects on some of the hidden obstacles that have to be overcome in order to find unique psychophysiological relationships. These are, among others: (1) the different status of concepts which are defined in the two domains (ontological subjectivity in psychology and ontological objectivity in physiology); (2) the distinct hierarchical levels to which concepts from the two domains may belong; (3) ambiguity of concepts, because-due to limited measurement resolution or definitional shortcomings-they sometimes do not cover unique states or processes; (4) ignored context dependencies. Moreover, it is argued that due to the gigantic number of states and state changes, which are possible in a nervous system, it seems unlikely that neuroscience can provide exact causal explanations and predictions of behavior. Rather, as in statistical thermodynamics the transition from the microlevel of explanations to the macrolevel is only possible with probabilistic uncertainty.}, language = {en} } @article{LauchtBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2012, author = {Laucht, Manfred and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Treutlein, Jens and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Rietschel, Marcella and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype, parenting practices and adolescent alcohol use: testing the differential susceptibility hypothesis}, series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, volume = {53}, journal = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {0021-9630}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02408.x}, pages = {351 -- 359}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Recently, first evidence has been reported for a geneparenting interaction (G x E) with regard to adolescent alcohol use. The present investigation set out to extend this research using the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism as a genetic susceptibility factor. Moreover, the current study examined whether a potential G x E would be consistent with one of two models of geneenvironment interplay (genetic vulnerability vs. differential susceptibility). Methods: Data were collected as part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. Two hundred and eighty-five participants (130 males, 155 females) were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met polymorphism and were administered an alcohol interview, providing measures of current frequency and amount of drinking at ages 15 and 19 years. Information on three dimensions of perceived parenting behavior was obtained from the 15-year-olds. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the Met allele showed higher drinking activity at age 19 years when their parents had engaged in less supervision or were less involved, while their drinking activity was reduced under conditions of favorable parenting. No such relationship was found in individuals carrying the Val allele. Conclusions: The present findings correspond with the pattern of results predicted by the differential susceptibility hypothesis, suggesting that environmental variation would have a greater impact in individuals carrying a genetic susceptibility such that, in this group, exposure to negative environmental conditions would result in more adverse outcomes and the experience of favorable conditions would lead to more positive outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{AdamBovend'EerdtvanDoorenetal.2012, author = {Adam, Jos J. and Bovend'Eerdt, Thamar J. H. and van Dooren, Fleur E. P. and Fischer, Martin H. and Pratt, Jay}, title = {The closer the better hand proximity dynamically affects letter recognition accuracy}, series = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, volume = {74}, journal = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, number = {7}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1943-3921}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-012-0339-3}, pages = {1533 -- 1538}, year = {2012}, abstract = {A growing literature has suggested that processing of visual information presented near the hands is facilitated. In this study, we investigated whether the near-hands superiority effect also occurs with the hands moving. In two experiments, participants performed a cyclical bimanual movement task requiring concurrent visual identification of briefly presented letters. For both the static and dynamic hand conditions, the results showed improved letter recognition performance with the hands closer to the stimuli. The finding that the encoding advantage for near-hand stimuli also occurred with the hands moving suggests that the effect is regulated in real time, in accordance with the concept of a bimodal neural system that dynamically updates hand position in external space.}, language = {en} } @article{BenderRellumFreitagetal.2012, author = {Bender, Stephan and Rellum, Thomas and Freitag, Christine and Resch, Franz and Rietschel, Marcella and Treutlein, Jens and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Dopamine inactivation efficacy related to functional DAT1 and COMT variants influences motor response evaluation}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {5}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0037814}, pages = {13}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Dopamine plays an important role in orienting, response anticipation and movement evaluation. Thus, we examined the influence of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of motor processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task. Methods: 64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as motor postimperative negative variation were assessed. Adolescents were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met and two DAT1 polymorphisms (variable number tandem repeats in the 3'-untranslated region and in intron 8). Results: The results revealed a significant interaction between COMT and DAT1, indicating that COMT exerted stronger effects on lateralized motor post-processing (centro-parietal motor postimperative negative variation) in homozygous carriers of a DAT1 haplotype increasing DAT1 expression. Source analysis showed that the time interval 500-1000 ms after the motor response was specifically affected in contrast to preceding movement anticipation and programming stages, which were not altered. Conclusions: Motor slow negative waves allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on cortical motor post-processing during response evaluation. This is the first report to point towards epistatic effects in the motor system during response evaluation, i.e. during the post-processing of an already executed movement rather than during movement programming.}, language = {en} } @article{WarschburgerKroeller2012, author = {Warschburger, Petra and Kr{\"o}ller, Katja}, title = {"Childhood overweight and obesity maternal perceptions of the time for engaging in child weight management"}, series = {BMC public health}, volume = {12}, journal = {BMC public health}, number = {12}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-12-295}, pages = {8}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: There is an increasing awareness of the impact of parental risk perception on the weight course of the child and the parent's readiness to engage in preventive efforts, but only less is known about factors related to the parental perception of the right time for the implementation of preventive activities. The aim of this study was to examine parental perceptions of the appropriate time to engage in child weight management strategies, and the factors associated with different weight points at which mothers recognize the need for preventive actions. Methods: 352 mothers with children aged 2-10 years took part in the study. We assessed mothers' perceptions of the actual and preferred weight status of their child, their ability to identify overweight and knowledge of its associated health risks, as well as perceptions of the right time for action to prevent overweight in their child. A regression analysis was conducted to examine whether demographic and weight related factors as well as the maternal general risk perception were associated with recognizing the need to implement prevention strategies. Results: Although most of the parents considered a BMI in the 75th to 90th percentile a valid reason to engage in the prevention of overweight, 19\% of the mothers were not willing to engage in prevention until their child reached the 97th percentile. Whereas the child's sex and the identification of an elevated BMI were significant predictors for parents' recognition of the 75th percentile as right point to engage in prevention efforts, an inability to recognize physical health risks associated with overweight silhouettes emerged as a significant factor predicting which parents would delay prevention efforts until a child's BMI reached the 97th percentile. Conclusion: Parental misperceptions of overweight and associated health risks constitute unfavorable conditions for preventive actions. Feedback on the health risks associated with overweight could help increase maternal readiness for change.}, language = {en} } @article{BenderRellumFreitagetal.2012, author = {Bender, Stephan and Rellum, Thomas and Freitag, Christine and Resch, Franz and Rietschel, Marcella and Treutlein, Jens and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Time-Resolved influences of functional DAT1 and COMT variants on visual perception and post-processing}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {7}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0041552}, pages = {12}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Dopamine plays an important role in orienting and the regulation of selective attention to relevant stimulus characteristics. Thus, we examined the influences of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of visual processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task. Methods: 64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as preceding visual evoked potential components were assessed. Results: Significant additive main effects of DAT1 and COMT on the occipito-temporal early CNV were observed. In addition, there was a trend towards an interaction between the two polymorphisms. Source analysis showed early CNV generators in the ventral visual stream and in frontal regions. There was a strong negative correlation between occipito-temporal visual post-processing and the frontal early CNV component. The early CNV time interval 500-1000 ms after the visual cue was specifically affected while the preceding visual perception stages were not influenced. Conclusions: Late visual potentials allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on visual post-processing. The same specific time-interval has been found to be affected by DAT1 and COMT during motor post-processing but not motor preparation. We propose the hypothesis that similar dopaminergic mechanisms modulate working memory encoding in both the visual and motor and perhaps other systems.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchwarzMiller2012, author = {Schwarz, Wolfgang and Miller, Jeff}, title = {Response time models of delta plots with negative-going slopes}, series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {19}, journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1069-9384}, doi = {10.3758/s13423-012-0254-6}, pages = {555 -- 574}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Delta plots (DPs) graphically compare reaction time (RT) quantiles obtained under two experimental conditions. In some research areas (e.g., Simon effects), decreasing delta plots (nDPs) have consistently been found, indicating that the experimental effect is largest at low quantiles and decreases for higher quantiles. nDPs are unusual and intriguing: They imply that RT in the faster condition is more variable, a pattern predicted by few standard RT models. We describe and analyze five classes of well-established latency mechanisms that are consistent with nDPs-exhaustive processing models, correlated stage models, mixture models, cascade models, and parallel channels models-and discuss the implications of our analyses for the interpretation of DPs. DPs generally do not imply any specific processing model; therefore, it is more fruitful to start from a specific quantitative model and to compare the DP it predicts with empirical data.}, language = {en} } @article{BrzezickaKrejtzvonHeckeretal.2012, author = {Brzezicka, Aneta and Krejtz, Izabela and von Hecker, Ulrich and Laubrock, Jochen}, title = {Eye movement evidence for defocused attention in dysphoria - A perceptual span analysis}, series = {International journal of psychophysiology}, volume = {85}, journal = {International journal of psychophysiology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0167-8760}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.022}, pages = {129 -- 133}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The defocused attention hypothesis (von Hecker and Meiser, 2005) assumes that negative mood broadens attention, whereas the analytical rumination hypothesis (Andrews and Thompson, 2009) suggests a narrowing of the attentional focus with depression. We tested these conflicting hypotheses by directly measuring the perceptual span in groups of dysphoric and control subjects, using eye tracking. In the moving window paradigm, information outside of a variable-width gaze-contingent window was masked during reading of sentences. In measures of sentence reading time and mean fixation duration, dysphoric subjects were more pronouncedly affected than controls by a reduced window size. This difference supports the defocused attention hypothesis and seems hard to reconcile with a narrowing of attentional focus.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Fischer2012, author = {Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {A hierarchical view of grounded, embodied, and situated numerical cognition}, series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, volume = {13}, booktitle = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1612-4782}, pages = {S14 -- S15}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{Fischer2012, author = {Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {A hierarchical view of grounded, embodied, and situated numerical cognition}, series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, volume = {13}, journal = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1612-4782}, doi = {10.1007/s10339-012-0477-5}, pages = {S161 -- S164}, year = {2012}, abstract = {There is much recent interest in the idea that we represent our knowledge together with the sensory and motor features that were activated during its acquisition. This paper reviews the evidence for such "embodiment" in the domain of numerical cognition, a traditional stronghold of abstract theories of knowledge representation. The focus is on spatial-numerical associations, such as the SNARC effect (small numbers are associated with left space, larger numbers with right space). Using empirical evidence from behavioral research, I first describe sensory and motor biases induced by SNARC, thus identifying numbers as embodied concepts. Next, I propose a hierarchical relationship between grounded, embodied, and situated aspects of number knowledge. This hierarchical conceptualization helps to understand the variety of SNARC-related findings and yields testable predictions about numerical cognition. I report several such tests, ranging from cross-cultural comparisons of horizontal and vertical SNARC effects (Shaki and Fischer in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 38(3): 804-809, 2012) to motor cortical activation studies in adults with left- and right-hand counting preferences (Tschentscher et al. in NeuroImage 59: 3139-3148, 2012). It is concluded that the diagnostic features for each level of the proposed hierarchical knowledge representation, together with the spatial associations of numbers, make the domain of numerical knowledge an ideal testing ground for embodied cognition research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LindemannPaulus2012, author = {Lindemann, Oliver and Paulus, Markus}, title = {Acquisition of action knowledge through verbal and social learning}, series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, volume = {13}, booktitle = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1612-4782}, pages = {S10 -- S10}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzEiselt2012, author = {Schwarz, Wolfgang and Eiselt, Anne-Kathrin}, title = {Numerical distance effects in visual search}, series = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, volume = {74}, journal = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1943-3921}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-012-0342-8}, pages = {1098 -- 1103}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We present three experiments in which observers searched for a target digit among distractor digits in displays in which the mean numerical target-distractor distance was varied. Search speed and accuracy increased with numerical distance in both target-present and target-absent trials (Exp. 1A). In Experiment 1B, the target 5 was replaced with the letter S. The results suggest that the findings of Experiment 1A do not simply reflect the fact that digits that were numerically closer to the target coincidentally also shared more physical features with it. In Experiment 2, the numerical distance effect increased with set size in both target-present and target-absent trials. These findings are consistent with the view that increasing numerical target-distractor distance affords faster nontarget rejection and target identification times. Recent neurobiological findings (e.g., Nieder, 2011) on the neuronal coding of numerosity have reported a width of tuning curves of numerosity-selective neurons that suggests graded, distance-dependent coactivation of the representations of adjacent numbers, which in visual search would make it harder to reject numerically closer distractors as nontargets.}, language = {en} } @article{LangeStarzynskiEngbert2012, author = {Lange, Elke B. and Starzynski, Christian and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Capture of the gaze does not capture the mind}, series = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, volume = {74}, journal = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1943-3921}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-012-0318-8}, pages = {1168 -- 1182}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Sudden visual changes attract our gaze, and related eye movement control requires attentional resources. Attention is a limited resource that is also involved in working memory-for instance, memory encoding. As a consequence, theory suggests that gaze capture could impair the buildup of memory respresentations due to an attentional resource bottleneck. Here we developed an experimental design combining a serial memory task (verbal or spatial) and concurrent gaze capture by a distractor (of high or low similarity to the relevant item). The results cannot be explained by a general resource bottleneck. Specifically, we observed that capture by the low-similar distractor resulted in delayed and reduced saccade rates to relevant items in both memory tasks. However, while spatial memory performance decreased, verbal memory remained unaffected. In contrast, the high-similar distractor led to capture and memory loss for both tasks. Our results lend support to the view that gaze capture leads to activation of irrelevant representations in working memory that compete for selection at recall. Activation of irrelevant spatial representations distracts spatial recall, whereas activation of irrelevant verbal features impairs verbal memory performance.}, language = {en} } @article{LeuchtTiffinRichardsVocketal.2012, author = {Leucht, Michael and Tiffin-Richards, Simon and Vock, Miriam and Pant, Hans Anand and Koeller, Olaf}, title = {English teachers' diagnostic skills in judging their students' competencies on the basis of the Common European Framework of Reference}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Entwicklungspsychologie und p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie}, volume = {44}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Entwicklungspsychologie und p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie}, number = {4}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0049-8637}, doi = {10.1026/0049-8637/a000071}, pages = {163 -- 177}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The present study addresses diagnostic competence of English language teachers at the end of lower secondary education. The 56 teachers assigned each of their respective students (N = 1 363) to a proficiency level of foreign language use according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The teachers' judgements were compared to CEFR proficiency level assignments estimated using data from a reading comprehension assessment of English as a foreign language. The consistency of proficiency level allocations was evaluated using level, differentiation, and ranking components. Beyond providing a description of diagnostic competence, the present study focuses on the influence of classroom halo effects on teachers' CEFR proficiency level judgements by comparing teacher judgments and students' English marks. A multilevel model of diagnostic competence is presented to assess to what extent the rank and level components are influenced by teachers' familiarity with and use of the CEFR guidelines when judging student proficiency.}, language = {fr} } @article{NeyerFelberGebhardt2012, author = {Neyer, Franz J. and Felber, Juliane and Gebhardt, Claudia}, title = {Development and validation of a brief measure of technology commitment}, series = {Diagnostica}, volume = {58}, journal = {Diagnostica}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0012-1924}, doi = {10.1026/0012-1924/a000067}, pages = {87 -- 99}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The authors propose a model of technology commitment that describes individual differences in the willingness of technology use in terms of three facets: technology acceptance, technology competence, technology control. It is assumed that technology commitment predicts adaptive technology use especially in old age. Data from three studies (N = 825 participants) support the conceptual distinction of the constructs and confirm the psychometric properties of the newly constructed scale. Construct validity was established via correlations with theoretically related constructs (technology use, personality, successful aging, health) as well as concurrently vis-a-vis other measures of technology acceptance.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnollWiedemannmHeckhausenetal.2012, author = {Knoll, Nina and Wiedemannm, A. U. and Heckhausen, Juliane and Burkert, Silke and Felber, Juliane and Schrader, M.}, title = {The interplay of autonomy goals and spousal support a prospective study with couples facing cancer}, series = {Psychology \& health : official journal of the European Health Psychology Society}, volume = {27}, booktitle = {Psychology \& health : official journal of the European Health Psychology Society}, number = {33}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0887-0446}, pages = {70 -- 71}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{HohmannBuchmannWittetal.2012, author = {Hohmann, S. and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Witt, S. H. and Rietschel, M. and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, M. H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Increasing association between a neuropeptide Y promoter polymorphism and body mass index during the course of development}, series = {Pediatric obesity}, volume = {7}, journal = {Pediatric obesity}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2047-6310}, doi = {10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00069.x}, pages = {453 -- 460}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate the association of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) promoter polymorphism rs16147 with body mass index (BMI) during the course of development from infancy to adulthood. Design: Longitudinal, prospective study of a German community sample. Subjects: n = 306 young adults (139 males, 167 females). Measurements: Participants' body weight and height were assessed at the ages of 3 months and 2, 4.5, 8, 11, 15 and 19 years. NPY rs16147 was genotyped. Results: Controlling for a number of possible confounders, homozygote carriers of the rs16147 C allele exhibited significantly lower BMI scores when compared with individuals carrying the T allele. In addition, a significant genotype by age interaction emerged, indicating that the genotype effect increased during the course of development. Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study to report an association between rs16147 and BMI during childhood and adolescence. The finding that this effect increased during the course of development may either be due to age-dependent alterations in gene expression or to maturation processes within the weight regulation circuits of the central nervous system.}, language = {en} } @article{ApelCangelosiEllisetal.2012, author = {Apel, Jens K. and Cangelosi, Angelo and Ellis, Rob and Goslin, Jeremy and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Object affordance influences instruction span}, series = {Experimental brain research}, volume = {223}, journal = {Experimental brain research}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0014-4819}, doi = {10.1007/s00221-012-3251-0}, pages = {199 -- 206}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We measured memory span for assembly instructions involving objects with handles oriented to the left or right side. Right-handed participants remembered more instructions when objects' handles were spatially congruent with the hand used in forthcoming assembly actions. No such affordance-based memory benefit was found for left-handed participants. These results are discussed in terms of motor simulation as an embodied rehearsal mechanism.}, language = {en} } @article{Engbert2012, author = {Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Computational modeling of collicular integration of perceptual responses and attention in microsaccades}, series = {The journal of neuroscience}, volume = {32}, journal = {The journal of neuroscience}, number = {23}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0270-6474}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0808-12.2012}, pages = {8035 -- 8039}, year = {2012}, abstract = {During visual fixation on a target object, our eyes are not motionless but generate slow fixational eye movements and microsaccades. Effects of visual attention have been observed in both microsaccade rates and spatial directions. Experimental results, however, range from early (<200 ms) to late (>600 ms) effects combined with cue-congruent as well as cue-incongruent microsaccade directions. On the basis of well characterized neural circuitry in superior colliculus, we construct a dynamical model of neural activation that is modulated by perceptual input and visual attention. Our results show that additive integration of low-level perceptual responses and visual attention can explain microsaccade rate and direction effects across a range of visual cueing tasks. These findings suggest that the patterns of microsaccade direction observed in experiments are compatible with a single dynamical mechanism. The basic principles of the model are highly relevant to the general problem of integration of low-level perception and top-down selective attention.}, language = {en} } @article{ShakiFischerGoebel2012, author = {Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H. and Goebel, Silke M.}, title = {Direction counts A comparative study of spatially directional counting biases in cultures with different reading directions}, series = {Journal of experimental child psychology}, volume = {112}, journal = {Journal of experimental child psychology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0022-0965}, doi = {10.1016/j.jecp.2011.12.005}, pages = {275 -- 281}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Western adults associate small numbers with left space and large numbers with right space. Where does this pervasive spatial-numerical association come from? In this study, we first recorded directional counting preferences in adults with different reading experiences (left to right, right to left, mixed, and illiterate) and observed a clear relationship between reading and counting directions. We then recorded directional counting preferences in pre-schoolers and elementary school children from three of these reading cultures (left to right, right to left, and mixed). Culture-specific counting biases existed before reading acquisition in children as young as 3 years and were subsequently modified by early reading experience. Together, our results suggest that both directional counting and scanning activities contribute to number-space associations.}, language = {en} } @article{ShakiFischer2012, author = {Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Multiple spatial mappings in numerical cognition}, series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance}, volume = {38}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0096-1523}, doi = {10.1037/a0027562}, pages = {804 -- 809}, year = {2012}, abstract = {A recent cross-cultural comparison (Shaki, Fischer, \& Petrusic, 2009) suggested that spatially consistent processing habits for words and numbers are a necessary condition for the spatial representation of numbers (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes; SNARC effect). Here we reexamine the SNARC in Israelis who read text from right to left but numbers from left to right. We show that, despite these spatially inconsistent processing habits, a SNARC effect still emerges when the response dimension is spatially orthogonal to the conflicting processing dimension. These results clarify the cognitive conditions for spatial-numerical mappings.}, language = {en} } @article{YangWangYanetal.2012, author = {Yang, Jiongjiong and Wang, Aobing and Yan, Ming and Zhu, Zijian and Chen, Cheng and Wang, Yizhou}, title = {Distinct processing for pictures of animals and objects Evidence from eye movements}, series = {Emotion : a new journal from the American Psychological Association}, volume = {12}, journal = {Emotion : a new journal from the American Psychological Association}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1528-3542}, doi = {10.1037/a0026848}, pages = {540 -- 551}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Many studies have suggested that emotional stimuli orient and engage attention. There is also evidence that animate stimuli, such as those from humans and animals, cause attentional bias. However, categorical and emotional factors are usually mixed, and it is unclear to what extent human context influences attentional allocation. To address this issue, we tracked participants' eye movements while they viewed pictures with animals and inanimate images (i.e., category) as focal objects. These pictures had either negative or neutral emotional valence, and either human body parts or nonhuman parts were near the focal objects (i.e., context). The picture's valence, arousal, position, size, and most of the low-level visual features were matched across categories. The results showed that nonhuman animals were more likely to be attended to and to be attended to for longer times than inanimate objects. The same pattern held for the human contexts (vs. nonhuman contexts). The effects of emotional valence, category, and context interacted. Specifically, in images with a negative valence, focal animals and objects with human context had comparable numbers of gaze fixations and gaze duration. These results highlighted the attentional bias to animate parts of a picture and clarified that the effects of category, valence, and picture context interacted to influence attentional allocation.}, language = {en} } @article{FaySonnentag2012, author = {Fay, Doris and Sonnentag, Sabine}, title = {Within-person fluctuations of proactive behavior how affect and experienced competence regulate work behavior}, series = {Human performance}, volume = {25}, journal = {Human performance}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0895-9285}, doi = {10.1080/08959285.2011.631647}, pages = {72 -- 93}, year = {2012}, abstract = {This article studies proactive work behavior from a within-person perspective. Building on the broaden-and-build model and the mood-as-information approach, we hypothesized that negative trait affect and positive state affect predict the relative time spent on proactive behavior. Furthermore, based on self-determination theory we argued that persons want to feel competent and that proactive behavior is one way to experience competence. In an experience-sampling study, 52 employees responded to surveys 3 times a day for 5 days. Hierarchical linear modeling confirmed the hypotheses on trait and state affect. Analyses furthermore showed that although a higher level of experienced competence at core task activities was associated with a subsequent increase in time spent on these activities, low experienced competence predicted an increase in time spent on proactive behavior.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Engbert2012, author = {Engbert, Ralf}, title = {A computational model of microsaccadic responses to shifts of covert attention}, series = {Perception}, volume = {41}, booktitle = {Perception}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0301-0066}, pages = {55 -- 55}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LaubrockCajarEngbert2012, author = {Laubrock, Jochen and Cajar, Anke and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Peripheral spatial frequency processing affects timing and metrics of saccades}, series = {Perception}, volume = {41}, booktitle = {Perception}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0301-0066}, pages = {170 -- 170}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Krentz2012, author = {Krentz, Eva Maria}, title = {Essst{\"o}rungen bei Jugendlichen im Hochleistungssport : eine Analyse sportbezogener Einflussfaktoren}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59933}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Essst{\"o}rungen, wie Anorexia Nervosa oder Bulimia Nervorsa, gehen mit einer hohen psychischen Belastung einher und k{\"o}nnen gesundheitliche Sch{\"a}den zur Folge haben. Bei Athleten mit einer Essst{\"o}rung kann es dar{\"u}ber hinaus zu Einbußen in der Sportleistung kommen. Gerade f{\"u}r den Hochleistungssport ist es daher wichtig zu wissen, welches Risiko f{\"u}r Essst{\"o}rungen besteht und wodurch das Risiko bedingt wird. Bisherige Studien zeigen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Sportarten. Eliteathleten aus {\"a}sthetischen Sportarten, wie rhythmische Sportgymnastik oder Eiskunstlauf, scheinen ein besonders hohes Essst{\"o}rungsrisiko aufzuweisen. Deutlich geringere Pr{\"a}valenzraten finden sich in Ballsportarten, wie Handball oder Basketball. Um zu verstehen, welche Aspekte der Sportart das Essst{\"o}rungsrisiko beeinflussen, besch{\"a}ftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit der Rolle sportbezogener Variablen. In die Studien einbezogen wurden insgesamt 171 Athleten zwischen 11 und 18 Jahren (im Mittel 14.1 ± 1.8 Jahre) aus {\"a}sthetischen Sportarten und Ballsportarten, die einen Fragebogenpaket mit Instrumenten zu gest{\"o}rtem Essverhalten, allgemeiner K{\"o}rperunzufriedenheit, sozialem Druck im Sport, sportbezogener K{\"o}rperunzufriedenheit, Schlankheitsstreben zur Leistungssteigerung und negativen Gef{\"u}hle bei Trainingsausfall ausf{\"u}llten. Nach einem Jahr wieder befragt wurden 65 Athleten aus {\"a}sthetischen Sportarten. Nach Kontrolle von Alter, Geschlecht, BMI und allgemeiner K{\"o}rperunzufriedenheit trugen sportbezogene Variablen signifikant zur weiteren Varianzaufkl{\"a}rung gest{\"o}rten Essverhaltens bei. Die L{\"a}ngsschnittanalysen best{\"a}tigten einen Risikofaktorstatus f{\"u}r Schlankheitsstreben zur Leistungssteigerung. Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen sportbezogenen Aspekten und gest{\"o}rtem Essverhalten zeigten sich sowohl in Hochrisikosportarten f{\"u}r gest{\"o}rtes Essverhalten ({\"a}sthetischen Sportarten), als auch in Niedrigrisikosportarten f{\"u}r gest{\"o}rtes Essverhalten (Ballsportarten). Mit Ausnahme von negativen Gef{\"u}hlen nach Trainingsausfall traten die sportbezogenen Variabeln h{\"a}ufiger in den {\"a}sthetischen Sportarten auf als in den Ballsportarten. Die eigenen Befunde verdeutlichen somit, dass der Einbezug potentieller sportbezogener Risikofaktoren - zus{\"a}tzlich zu den allgemeinen Risikofaktoren - zum besseren Verst{\"a}ndnis der Essst{\"o}rungssymptomatik von Athleten beitr{\"a}gt. Vor allem die Bedeutung von Gewicht f{\"u}r die Leistung beeinflusst das Essst{\"o}rungsrisiko bei Athleten und ist st{\"a}rker ausgepr{\"a}gt in Hochrisikosportarten f{\"u}r Essst{\"o}rungssymptomatik.}, language = {mul} } @article{KizilirmakRoeslerKhader2012, author = {Kizilirmak, J. M. and R{\"o}sler, Frank and Khader, P. H.}, title = {Control processes during selective long-term memory retrieval}, series = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, volume = {59}, journal = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.041}, pages = {1830 -- 1841}, year = {2012}, abstract = {In our daily life, we often need to selectively remember information related to the same retrieval cue in a consecutive manner (e.g., ingredients from a recipe). To investigate such selection processes during cued long-term memory (LTM) retrieval, we used a paradigm in which the retrieval demands were systematically varied from trial to trial and analyzed, by means of behavior and slow cortical EEG potentials (SCPs), the retrieval processes in the current trial depending on those of the previous trial. We varied whether the retrieval cue, the type of to-be-retrieved association (feature), or retrieval load was repeated or changed from trial to trial. The behavioral data revealed a benefit of feature repetition, probably due to trial-by-trial feature priming. SCPs further showed an effect of cue change with a mid-frontal maximum, suggesting increased control demands when the cue was repeated, as well as a parietal effect of retrieval-load change, indicating increased activation of posterior neural resources when focusing on a single association after all learned associations had been activated previously, compared to staying with single associations across trials. These effects suggest the existence of two distinct types of dynamic (trial-by-trial) control processes during LTM retrieval: (1) medial frontal processes that monitor or regulate interference within a set of activated associations, and (2) posterior processes regulating attention to LTM representations. The present study demonstrates that processes mediating selective LTM retrieval can be successfully studied by manipulating the history of processing demands in trial sequences.}, language = {en} } @article{JostKhaderDueseletal.2012, author = {Jost, Kerstin and Khader, Patrick H. and D{\"u}sel, Peter and Richter, Franziska R. and Rohde, Kristina B. and Bien, Siegfried and R{\"o}sler, Frank}, title = {Controlling conflict from interfering long-term memory representations}, series = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, volume = {24}, journal = {Journal of cognitive neuroscience}, number = {5}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {0898-929X}, pages = {1173 -- 1190}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Remembering is more than an activation of a memory trace. As retrieval cues are often not uniquely related to one specific memory, cognitive control should come into play to guide selective memory retrieval by focusing on relevant while ignoring irrelevant information. Here, we investigated, by means of EEG and fMRI, how the memory system deals with retrieval interference arising when retrieval cues are associated with two material types (faces and spatial positions), but only one is task-relevant. The topography of slow EEG potentials and the fMRI BOLD signal in posterior storage areas indicated that in such situations not only the relevant but also the irrelevant material becomes activated. This results in retrieval interference that triggers control processes mediated by the medial and lateral PFC, which are presumably involved in biasing target representations by boosting the task-relevant material. Moreover, memory-based conflict was found to be dissociable from response conflict that arises when the relevant and irrelevant materials imply different responses. The two types of conflict show different activations in the medial frontal cortex, supporting the claim of domain-specific prefrontal control systems.}, language = {en} } @article{ReuschelRoeslerHenriquesetal.2012, author = {Reuschel, Johanna and R{\"o}sler, Frank and Henriques, Denise Y. P. and Fiehler, Katja}, title = {Spatial updating depends on gaze direction even after loss of vision}, series = {The journal of neuroscience}, volume = {32}, journal = {The journal of neuroscience}, number = {7}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0270-6474}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2714-11.2012}, pages = {2422 -- 2429}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Direction of gaze (eye angle + head angle) has been shown to be important for representing space for action, implying a crucial role of vision for spatial updating. However, blind people have no access to vision yet are able to perform goal-directed actions successfully. Here, we investigated the role of visual experience for localizing and updating targets as a function of intervening gaze shifts in humans. People who differed in visual experience (late blind, congenitally blind, or sighted) were briefly presented with a proprioceptive reach target while facing it. Before they reached to the target's remembered location, they turned their head toward an eccentric direction that also induced corresponding eye movements in sighted and late blind individuals. We found that reaching errors varied systematically as a function of shift in gaze direction only in participants with early visual experience (sighted and late blind). In the late blind, this effect was solely present in people with moveable eyes but not in people with at least one glass eye. Our results suggest that the effect of gaze shifts on spatial updating develops on the basis of visual experience early in life and remains even after loss of vision as long as feedback from the eyes and head is available.}, language = {en} } @article{SchadNuthmannEngbert2012, author = {Schad, Daniel and Nuthmann, Antje and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Your mind wanders weakly, your mind wanders deeply - objective measures reveal mindless reading at different levels}, series = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, volume = {125}, journal = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0010-0277}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2012.07.004}, pages = {179 -- 194}, year = {2012}, abstract = {When the mind wanders, attention turns away from the external environment and cognitive processing is decoupled from perceptual information. Mind wandering is usually treated as a dichotomy (dichotomy-hypothesis), and is often measured using self-reports. Here, we propose the levels of inattention hypothesis, which postulates attentional decoupling to graded degrees at different hierarchical levels of cognitive processing. To measure graded levels of attentional decoupling during reading we introduce the sustained attention to stimulus task (SAST), which is based on psychophysics of error detection. Under experimental conditions likely to induce mind wandering, we found that subjects were less likely to notice errors that required high-level processing for their detection as opposed to errors that only required low-level processing. Eye tracking revealed that before errors were overlooked influences of high- and low-level linguistic variables on eye fixations were reduced in a graded fashion, indicating episodes of mindless reading at weak and deep levels. Individual fixation durations predicted overlooking of lexical errors 5 s before they occurred. Our findings support the levels of inattention hypothesis and suggest that different levels of mindless reading can be measured behaviorally in the SAST. Using eye tracking to detect mind wandering online represents a promising approach for the development of new techniques to study mind wandering and to ameliorate its negative consequences.}, language = {en} } @article{SchadEngbert2012, author = {Schad, Daniel and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {The zoom lens of attention simulating shuffled versus normal text reading using the SWIFT model}, series = {Visual cognition}, volume = {20}, journal = {Visual cognition}, number = {4-5}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hove}, issn = {1350-6285}, doi = {10.1080/13506285.2012.670143}, pages = {391 -- 421}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Assumptions on the allocation of attention during reading are crucial for theoretical models of eye guidance. The zoom lens model of attention postulates that attentional deployment can vary from a sharp focus to a broad window. The model is closely related to the foveal load hypothesis, i.e., the assumption that the perceptual span is modulated by the difficulty of the fixated word. However, these important theoretical concepts for cognitive research have not been tested quantitatively in eye movement models. Here we show that the zoom lens model, implemented in the SWIFT model of saccade generation, captures many important patterns of eye movements. We compared the model's performance to experimental data from normal and shuffled text reading. Our results demonstrate that the zoom lens of attention might be an important concept for eye movement control in reading.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schad2012, author = {Schad, Daniel}, title = {Mindless reading and eye movements : theory, experiments and computational modeling}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70822}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2012}, abstract = {It sometimes happens that we finish reading a passage of text just to realize that we have no idea what we just read. During these episodes of mindless reading our mind is elsewhere yet the eyes still move across the text. The phenomenon of mindless reading is common and seems to be widely recognized in lay psychology. However, the scientific investigation of mindless reading has long been underdeveloped. Recent progress in research on mindless reading has been based on self-report measures and on treating it as an all-or-none phenomenon (dichotomy-hypothesis). Here, we introduce the levels-of-inattention hypothesis proposing that mindless reading is graded and occurs at different levels of cognitive processing. Moreover, we introduce two new behavioral paradigms to study mindless reading at different levels in the eye-tracking laboratory. First (Chapter 2), we introduce shuffled text reading as a paradigm to approximate states of weak mindless reading experimentally and compare it to reading of normal text. Results from statistical analyses of eye movements that subjects perform in this task qualitatively support the 'mindless' hypothesis that cognitive influences on eye movements are reduced and the 'foveal load' hypothesis that the response of the zoom lens of attention to local text difficulty is enhanced when reading shuffled text. We introduce and validate an advanced version of the SWIFT model (SWIFT 3) incorporating the zoom lens of attention (Chapter 3) and use it to explain eye movements during shuffled text reading. Simulations of the SWIFT 3 model provide fully quantitative support for the 'mindless' and the 'foveal load' hypothesis. They moreover demonstrate that the zoom lens is an important concept to explain eye movements across reading and mindless reading tasks. Second (Chapter 4), we introduce the sustained attention to stimulus task (SAST) to catch episodes when external attention spontaneously lapses (i.e., attentional decoupling or mind wandering) via the overlooking of errors in the text and via signal detection analyses of error detection. Analyses of eye movements in the SAST revealed reduced influences from cognitive text processing during mindless reading. Based on these findings, we demonstrate that it is possible to predict states of mindless reading from eye movement recordings online. That cognition is not always needed to move the eyes supports autonomous mechanisms for saccade initiation. Results from analyses of error detection and eye movements provide support to our levels-of-inattention hypothesis that errors at different levels of the text assess different levels of decoupling. Analyses of pupil size in the SAST (Chapter 5) provide further support to the levels of inattention hypothesis and to the decoupling hypothesis that off-line thought is a distinct mode of cognitive functioning that demands cognitive resources and is associated with deep levels of decoupling. The present work demonstrates that the elusive phenomenon of mindless reading can be vigorously investigated in the cognitive laboratory and further incorporated in the theoretical framework of cognitive science.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchiefeleSchaffnerMoelleretal.2012, author = {Schiefele, Ulrich and Schaffner, Ellen and M{\"o}ller, Jens and Wigfield, Allan}, title = {Dimensions of reading motivation and their relation to reading behavior and competence}, series = {Reading research quarterly}, volume = {47}, journal = {Reading research quarterly}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0034-0553}, doi = {10.1002/RRQ.030}, pages = {427 -- 463}, year = {2012}, abstract = {This review of research examines the constructs of reading motivation and synthesizes research findings of the past 20 years on the relationship between reading motivation and reading behavior (amount, strategies, and preferences), and the relationship between reading motivation and reading competence (reading skills and comprehension). In addition, evidence relating to the causal role of motivational factors and to the role of reading behavior as a mediator of the effects of motivation on reading competence is examined. We identify seven genuine dimensions of reading motivation: curiosity, involvement, competition, recognition, grades, compliance, and work avoidance. Evidence for these dimensions comes from both quantitative and qualitative research. Moreover, evidence from previous studies confirms the positive contribution of intrinsic reading motivation, and the relatively small or negative contribution of extrinsic reading motivation, to reading behavior and reading competence. The positive contribution of intrinsic motivation is particularly evident in relation to amount of reading for enjoyment and reading competence and holds even when accounting for relevant control variables. However, the causal role of reading motivation and the mediating role of reading behavior remain largely unresolved issues.}, language = {en} } @article{StreblowSchiefeleRiedel2012, author = {Streblow, Lilian and Schiefele, Ulrich and Riedel, Stefanie}, title = {Evaluation of the Revised Reading Competence and Reading Motivation Training (LEKOLEMO) for the lower secondary school level}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Entwicklungspsychologie und p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie}, volume = {44}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Entwicklungspsychologie und p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0049-8637}, doi = {10.1026/0049-8637/a000058}, pages = {12 -- 26}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Inspired by the results from the PISA study and based on previous intervention programs, the reading competence training LEKOLEMO (Program for Fostering Reading Literacy and Reading Motivation) for 7th-grade students was developed. The training differs from existing programs in two aspects: (1) It comprises tasks pertaining to the PISA reading dimensions retrieving information, text-related interpretation, and reflection and evaluation, and (2) explicitly aims at fostering reading motivation. The present study examined the revised version of LEKOLEMO in a sample of 235 seventh graders. The results confirmed the effectiveness of LEKOLEMO and showed significant effects of medium size on reading competence at the follow-up test. However, effects on intrinsic reading motivation and on self-concept of reading were small and unstable.}, language = {de} } @article{MoellerKraheBuschingetal.2012, author = {Moeller, Ingrid and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert and Krause, Christina}, title = {Efficacy of an intervention to reduce the use of media violence and aggression an experimental evaluation with adolescents in Germany}, series = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication}, volume = {41}, journal = {Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0047-2891}, doi = {10.1007/s10964-011-9654-6}, pages = {105 -- 120}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Several longitudinal studies and meta-analytic reviews have demonstrated that exposure to violent media is linked to aggression over time. However, evidence on effective interventions to reduce the use of violent media and promote critical viewing skills is limited. The current study examined the efficacy of an intervention designed to reduce the use of media violence and aggression in adolescence, covering a total period of about 12 months. A sample of 683 7th and 8th graders in Germany (50.1\% girls) were assigned to two conditions: a 5-week intervention and a no-intervention control group. Measures of exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior were obtained about 3 months prior to the intervention (T1) and about 7 months post-intervention (T2). The intervention group showed a significantly larger decrease in the use of violent media from T1 to T2 than the control group. Participants in the intervention group also scored significantly lower on self-reported aggressive behavior (physical aggression and relational aggression) at T2 than those in the control group, but the effect was limited to those with high levels of initial aggression. This effect was mediated by an intervention-induced decrease in the normative acceptance of aggression. No gender differences in program efficacy were found. The results show that a 5-week school-based intervention can produce changes in the use of media violence, aggressive norms, and behaviors sustained over several months.}, language = {en} } @article{KraheBieneck2012, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Bieneck, Steffen}, title = {The effect of music-induced mood on aggressive affect, cognition, and behavior}, series = {Journal of applied social psychology : devoted to applications of experimental behavioral science research to problems of society}, volume = {42}, journal = {Journal of applied social psychology : devoted to applications of experimental behavioral science research to problems of society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0021-9029}, doi = {10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00887.x}, pages = {271 -- 290}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Two studies explored the role of pleasant music in buffering the adverse effects of provocation. In the first study, 111 participants listened to aversive, pleasant, or no music before receiving a provocation and completing a measure of aggressive behavior. Participants exposed to pleasant music reported more positive mood. Those in the aversive music condition reported more negative mood than did those in the no-music control condition. The more positive the music-induced mood, the less anger was experienced and aggressive behavior was shown after provocation. In Study 2 (N = 142), listening to pleasant music reduced anger following provocation, compared to aversive music and a no-music control condition. Pleasant music also increased response latencies in recognizing aggressive words after provocation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schaefer2012, author = {Schaefer, Christin}, title = {„Gest{\"a}rkt f{\"u}r den Lehrerberuf"}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-63487}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2012}, abstract = {In einer quasiexperimentellen L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie mit 380 Lehramtsstudierenden wurde das Interventionsprogramm „Gest{\"a}rkt f{\"u}r den Lehrerberuf", welches Elemente eines Self-Assessments der berufsrelevanten Kompetenzen mit konkreten Beratungsm{\"o}glichkeiten und einem Zieleffektivit{\"a}tstraining (Dargel, 2006) zur Entwicklung individueller berufsbezogener Kompetenzen verbindet, auf seine Wirksamkeit (Reflexionskompetenz, Lehrerselbstwirksamkeit, berufsbezogene Kompetenzen, Beanspruchungserleben, Widerstandsf{\"a}higkeit) und den Wirkungsprozess (Zielbindung, Zielrealisierbarkeit, Zieleffektivit{\"a}t) hin {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. In dem Pr{\"a}-Post-Follow-up-Test-Vergleichsgruppen-Design wurden eine Interventionsgruppe, deren Treatment auf dem St{\"a}rkenansatz basiert (1), eine defizitorientierte Interventionsgruppe (2), sowie eine kombinierte Interventionsgruppe, bei der der St{\"a}rkenansatz durch den Defizitansatz erg{\"a}nzt wird (3), einer unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe sowie einer alternativ behandelten Kontrollgruppe, die ausschließlich in ihren sozial-kommunikativer Kompetenzen geschult wurde, gegen{\"u}bergestellt. Es gelang zum Post- und Follow-up-Test, sowohl die individuellen beruflichen Kompetenzen als auch die Reflexionskompetenz von Teilnehmern der Interventionsgruppen im Vergleich zur unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe zu f{\"o}rdern. Die Teilnehmer der kombinierten Intervention profitierten im Vergleich zu den Teilnehmern der anderen beiden Interventionsgruppen st{\"a}rker im Bereich Lehrerselbstwirksamkeit, Widerstandsf{\"a}higkeit und Zieleffektivit{\"a}t. Gegen{\"u}ber der alternativen Kontrollgruppe zeigten sie ebenfalls einen st{\"a}rkeren Zuwachs in der Entwicklung ihrer berufsrelevanten Kompetenzen und in ihrer Widerstandsf{\"a}higkeit. Die Studie liefert erste Hinweise darauf, dass ein Ansatz, welcher St{\"a}rkenfokussierung und Defizitorientierung integriert, besonders effektiv wirkt.}, language = {de} } @article{RomeroSanchezMegiasKrahe2012, author = {Romero-Sanchez, Monica and Megias, Jesus L. and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {The role of alcohol and victim sexual interest in spanish students' perceptions of sexual assault}, series = {Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence}, volume = {27}, journal = {Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence}, number = {11}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0886-2605}, doi = {10.1177/0886260511432149}, pages = {2230 -- 2258}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Two studies investigated the effects of information related to rape myths on Spanish college students' perceptions of sexual assault. In Study 1, 92 participants read a vignette about a nonconsensual sexual encounter and rated whether it was a sexual assault and how much the woman was to blame. In the scenario, the man either used physical force or offered alcohol to the woman to overcome her resistance. Rape myth acceptance (RMA) was measured as an individual difference variable. Participants were more convinced that the incident was a sexual assault and blamed the woman less when the man had used force rather than offering her alcohol. In Study 2, 164 college students read a scenario in which the woman rejected a man's sexual advances after having either accepted or turned down his offer of alcohol. In addition, the woman was either portrayed as being sexually attracted to him or there was no mention of her sexual interest. Participants' RMA was again included. High RMA participants blamed the victim more than low RMA participants and were less certain that the incident was a sexual assault, especially when the victim had accepted alcohol and was described as being sexually attracted to the man. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the prevention and legal prosecution of sexual assault.}, language = {en} } @article{Krahe2012, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Report of the Media Violence Commission}, series = {Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals}, volume = {38}, journal = {Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0096-140X}, doi = {10.1002/ab.21443}, pages = {335 -- 341}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LausbergKazzerHeekerenetal.2012, author = {Lausberg, H. and Kazzer, Philipp and Heekeren, Hauke and Wartenburger, Isabell}, title = {Differential cortical mechanisms underlying tool use, pantomime, and body-part-as-object use}, series = {European journal of neurology : the official journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies}, volume = {19}, booktitle = {European journal of neurology : the official journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1351-5101}, pages = {78 -- 78}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{ClahsenHansen2012, author = {Clahsen, Harald and Hansen, Detlef}, title = {Profiling linguistic disability in German-speaking children}, series = {Assessing Grammar : the Languages of LARSP}, journal = {Assessing Grammar : the Languages of LARSP}, publisher = {Multilingual Matters}, address = {Bristol}, isbn = {978-1-8476-9639-7}, doi = {10.21832/9781847696397-007}, pages = {77 -- 91}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GianelliRanziniMarzocchietal.2012, author = {Gianelli, Claudia and Ranzini, Mariagrazia and Marzocchi, Michele and Micheli, Leticia Rettore and Borghi, Anna M.}, title = {Influence of numerical magnitudes on the free choice of an object position}, series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, volume = {13}, booktitle = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1612-4782}, pages = {S41 -- S41}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{GianelliRanziniMarzocchietal.2012, author = {Gianelli, Claudia and Ranzini, Mariagrazia and Marzocchi, Michele and Micheli, Leticia Rettore and Borghi, Anna M.}, title = {Influence of numerical magnitudes on the free choice of an object position}, series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, volume = {13}, journal = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1612-4782}, doi = {10.1007/s10339-012-0483-7}, pages = {S185 -- S188}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The link between numerical magnitude and mechanisms of spatial orienting has been underlined in an increasing number of studies. Similarly, the relationship between numerical magnitude and grasping actions has started to be investigated. The present study focuses on the influence of numerical magnitude processing in the free choice of the position of an object. Participants were presented with a digit (1-9 without 5) and were required to decide whether it was smaller or larger than 5. Then, they had to grasp a small cube and change its position before vocally responding "higher" or "lower". Results showed that in the initial phase of the grasp movement, the grip aperture was modulated by the numerical magnitude. Moreover, participants shifted the position of the cube more leftward with smaller digits compared with larger ones, and they tended to position the object closer to themselves with smaller digits compared with larger ones. These results extend the previous findings indicating that the processing of magnitude is tightly related to the mechanisms of spatial orienting that subserve action execution.}, language = {en} } @article{PollatosHerbertFuestoesetal.2012, author = {Pollatos, Olga and Herbert, Beate M. and Fuestoes, Juergen and Weimer, Katja and Enck, Paul and Zipfel, Stephan}, title = {Food deprivation sensitizes pain perception}, series = {International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology}, volume = {26}, journal = {International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0269-8803}, doi = {10.1027/0269-8803/a000062}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2012}, abstract = {While food deprivation has known effects on sympathovagal balance, little is known about hunger's influence on the perception of pain. Since autonomic activities influence many cognitive and emotional processes, this suggests that food deprivation should interact with the perception of pain. This study analyzed the possible effects of short-term food deprivation on pain sensitivity in healthy female participants. This study was comprised of 32 healthy female participants who underwent a 48-hr inpatient hospital investigation. Prior to testing, heart rate and heart rate variability were assessed. After a standardized breakfast, day 1 measurements were taken. Food intake was then not allowed again until the following evening for 22 participants (experimental group), while 12 participants were served standard meals (control group). Pain threshold and tolerance were assessed at 10:00 a. m. on both days using a pressure algometer. Additionally pain experience was examined. Food deprivation significantly reduced pain thresholds and tolerance scores in the experimental group. Additionally, the sympathovagal balance changed, characterized by a decrease in parasympathetic activation. Higher vagal withdrawal after food deprivation was associated with higher pain sensitivity in the experimental group. Furthermore, perceived unpleasantness and pain intensity increased for threshold and tolerance stimuli in the experimental group. We conclude that short-term food deprivation sensitized pain perception in healthy females. An imbalance in sympathovagal activation evoked by food deprivation accounted for this effect. Our results might be a pathogenic mechanism for the development of emotional difficulties associated with disturbed eating behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{HerbertHerbertPollatosetal.2012, author = {Herbert, Beate M. and Herbert, Cornelia and Pollatos, Olga and Weimer, Katja and Enck, Paul and Sauer, Helene and Zipfel, Stephan}, title = {Effects of short-term food deprivation on interoceptive awareness, feelings and autonomic cardiac activity}, series = {Biological psychology}, volume = {89}, journal = {Biological psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0301-0511}, doi = {10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.09.004}, pages = {71 -- 79}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The perception of internal bodily signals (interoception) plays a relevant role for emotion processing and feelings. This study investigated changes of interoceptive awareness and cardiac autonomic activity induced by short-term food deprivation and its relationship to hunger and affective experience. 20 healthy women were exposed to 24 h of food deprivation in a controlled setting. Interoceptive awareness was assessed by using a heartbeat tracking task. Felt hunger, cardiac autonomic activity, mood and subjective appraisal of interoceptive sensations were assessed before and after fasting. Results show that short-term fasting intensifies interoceptive awareness, not restricted to food cues, via changes of autonomic cardiac and/or cardiodynamic activity. The increase of interoceptive awareness was positively related to felt hunger. Additionally, the results demonstrate the role of cardiac vagal activity as a potential index of emotion related self-regulation, for hunger, mood and the affective appraisal of interoceptive signals during acute fasting.}, language = {en} } @article{PollatosGramann2012, author = {Pollatos, Olga and Gramann, Klaus}, title = {Attenuated modulation of brain activity accompanies emotion regulation deficits in alexithymia}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {49}, journal = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0048-5772}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01348.x}, pages = {651 -- 658}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The personality trait alexithymia has been associated with deficits in emotion regulation; nevertheless, experimental investigations on this research question are sparse. We investigated reappraisal as one emotion regulation strategy in 44 healthy participants with high (HDA) versus low (LDA) degrees of alexithymia. High density EEG and spatiotemporal current density reconstruction were used to characterize the time course of emotion regulation and to identify brain regions involved. Main results were that reappraisal was accompanied by reduced arousal and significant amplitude reduction of P3 and slow wave in the LDA group only. In contrast to the LDA group, reappraisal was not associated with an increase of activation in fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the HDA group. We demonstrate profound deficits in emotion regulation, which might contribute to everyday problems of social functioning in alexithymia.}, language = {en} } @article{KuehnpastGramannPollatos2012, author = {K{\"u}hnpast, Nicole and Gramann, Klaus and Pollatos, Olga}, title = {Electrophysiologic evidence for multilevel deficits in emotional face processing in patients with Bulimia Nervosa}, series = {Psychosomatic medicine}, volume = {74}, journal = {Psychosomatic medicine}, number = {7}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0033-3174}, doi = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e31825ca15a}, pages = {736 -- 744}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Empirical evidence suggests substantial deficits regarding emotion recognition in bulimia nervosa (BN). The aim of the current study was to investigate electrophysiologic evidence for deficits in emotional face processing in patients with BN. Methods: Event-related potentials were recorded from 13 women with BN and 13 matched healthy controls while viewing neutral, happy, fearful, and angry facial expressions. Participants' recognition performance for emotional faces was tested in a subsequent categorization task. In addition, the degree of alexithymia, depression, and anxiety were assessed via questionnaires. Results: Categorization of emotional faces was hampered in BN (p = .01). Amplitudes of event-related potentials differed during emotional face processing: face-specific N170 amplitudes were less pronounced for angry faces in patients with BN (mean [M] [standard deviation {SD}] = 1.46 [0.56] mu V versus M [SD] = -1.23 [0.61] mu V, p = .02). In contrast, P3 amplitudes were more pronounced in patients with BN as compared with controls (M [SD] = 2.64 [0.46] mu V versus M [SD] = 1.25 [0.39] mu V, p = .04), independent of emotional expression. Conclusions: The study provides novel electrophysiologic data showing that emotional faces are processed differently in patients with BN as compared with healthy controls. We suggest that deficits in early automatic emotion classification in BN are followed by an increased allocation of attentional resources to compensate for those deficits. These findings might contribute to a better understanding of the impaired social functioning in BN.}, language = {en} } @article{HerbertMuthPollatosetal.2012, author = {Herbert, Beate M. and Muth, Eric R. and Pollatos, Olga and Herbert, Cornelia}, title = {Interoception across modalities on the relationship between cardiac awareness and the sensitivity for gastric functions}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {5}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0036646}, pages = {9}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The individual sensitivity for ones internal bodily signals ("interoceptive awareness'') has been shown to be of relevance for a broad range of cognitive and affective functions. Interoceptive awareness has been primarily assessed via measuring the sensitivity for ones cardiac signals ("cardiac awareness'') which can be non-invasively measured by heartbeat perception tasks. It is an open question whether cardiac awareness is related to the sensitivity for other bodily, visceral functions. This study investigated the relationship between cardiac awareness and the sensitivity for gastric functions in healthy female persons by using non-invasive methods. Heartbeat perception as a measure for cardiac awareness was assessed by a heartbeat tracking task and gastric sensitivity was assessed by a water load test. Gastric myoelectrical activity was measured by electrogastrography (EGG) and subjective feelings of fullness, valence, arousal and nausea were assessed. The results show that cardiac awareness was inversely correlated with ingested water volume and with normogastric activity after water load. However, persons with good and poor cardiac awareness did not differ in their subjective ratings of fullness, nausea and affective feelings after drinking. This suggests that good heartbeat perceivers ingested less water because they subjectively felt more intense signals of fullness during this lower amount of water intake compared to poor heartbeat perceivers who ingested more water until feeling the same signs of fullness. These findings demonstrate that cardiac awareness is related to greater sensitivity for gastric functions, suggesting that there is a general sensitivity for interoceptive processes across the gastric and cardiac modality.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PollatosFuestoesCritchley2012, author = {Pollatos, Olga and Fuestoes, J{\"u}rgen and Critchley, Hugo}, title = {On the generalized embodiment of pain how interoceptive sensitivitymodulates cutaneous pain perception}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {49}, booktitle = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0048-5772}, pages = {S104 -- S104}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{HerbertPollatos2012, author = {Herbert, Beate M. and Pollatos, Olga}, title = {The body in the mind On the relationship between interoception and embodiment}, series = {Topics in cognitive science}, volume = {4}, journal = {Topics in cognitive science}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1756-8757}, doi = {10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01189.x}, pages = {692 -- 704}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The processing, representation, and perception of bodily signals (interoception) plays an important role for human behavior. Theories of embodied cognition hold that higher cognitive processes operate on perceptual symbols and that concept use involves reactivations of the sensory-motor states that occur during experience with the world. Similarly, activation of interoceptive representations and meta-representations of bodily signals supporting interoceptive awareness are profoundly associated with emotional experience and cognitive functions. This article gives an overview over present findings and models on interoception and mechanisms of embodiment and highlights its relevance for disorders that are suggested to represent a translation deficit of bodily states into subjective feelings and self-awareness.}, language = {en} } @article{PollatosFuestoesCritchley2012, author = {Pollatos, Olga and Fuestoes, Juergen and Critchley, Hugo D.}, title = {On the generalised embodiment of pain: how interoceptive sensitivity modulates cutaneous pain perception}, series = {Pain : journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain}, volume = {153}, journal = {Pain : journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-3959}, doi = {10.1016/j.pain.2012.04.030}, pages = {1680 -- 1686}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity are associated with differences in reported intensity of emotional experience, vulnerability to anxiety and mood disorder and capacity for emotional self-regulation. Enhanced sensitivity to autonomic state is often accompanied by increased autonomic reactivity. Here we tested the hypothesis that healthy people classified as more interoceptively sensitive, by their performance of a heartbeat monitoring task, will demonstrate enhanced perception of pain. We further explored whether this effect is associated with a greater physiological reactivity to the pain stimuli. Using an algometer, cutaneous pressure pain was applied to the thenar eminence in 60 healthy participants. Heart rate variability and respiratory activity were recorded concurrently. We observed significant relationships between heightened interoceptive sensitivity and both enhanced sensitivity and decreased tolerance to pain. These effects were accompanied by a more pronounced parasympathetic decrease and a change in sympathovagal balance during pain assessment in the high, compared to the low, interoceptively sensitive group. Our study provides novel evidence that interoceptive sensitivity is associated with the experience and tolerability of pain in conjunction with reactive changes in autonomic balance.}, language = {en} } @article{GoetheEsserGendtetal.2012, author = {Goethe, Katrin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Gendt, Anja and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Working memory in children tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model}, series = {Developmental psychology}, volume = {48}, journal = {Developmental psychology}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037/a0025660}, pages = {459 -- 476}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and I deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters.}, language = {en} } @article{RisseKliegl2012, author = {Risse, Sarah and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Evidence for delayed Parafoveal-on-Foveal effects from word n+2 in reading}, series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance}, volume = {38}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0096-1523}, doi = {10.1037/a0027735}, pages = {1026 -- 1042}, year = {2012}, abstract = {During reading information is acquired from word(s) beyond the word that is currently looked at. It is still an open question whether such parafoveal information can influence the current viewing of a word, and if so, whether such parafoveal-on-foveal effects are attributable to distributed processing or to mislocated fixations which occur when the eyes are directed at a parafoveal word but land on another word instead. In two display-change experiments, we orthogonally manipulated the preview and target difficulty of word n+2 to investigate the role of mislocated fixations on the previous word n+1. When the eyes left word n, an easy or difficult word n+2 preview was replaced by an easy or difficult n+2 target word. In Experiment 1, n+2 processing difficulty was manipulated by means of word frequency (i.e., easy high-frequency vs. difficult low-frequency word n+2). In Experiment 2, we varied the visual familiarity of word n+2 (i.e., easy lower-case vs. difficult alternating-case writing). Fixations on the short word n+1, which were likely to be mislocated, were nevertheless not influenced by the difficulty of the adjacent word n+2, the hypothesized target of the mislocated fixation. Instead word n+1 was influenced by the preview difficulty of word n+2, representing a delayed parafoveal-on-foveal effect. The results challenge the mislocated-fixation hypothesis as an explanation of parafoveal-on-foveal effects and provide new insight into the complex spatial and temporal effect structure of processing inside the perceptual span during reading.}, language = {en} } @article{GoetheEsserGendtetal.2012, author = {G{\"o}the, Katrin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Gendt, Anja and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Working memory in children : tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and 1 deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters.}, language = {en} } @article{HeisterKliegl2012, author = {Heister, Julian and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Comparing word frequencies from different German text corpora}, isbn = {978-3-86956-178-3}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{DambacherDimigenBraunetal.2012, author = {Dambacher, Michael and Dimigen, Olaf and Braun, Mario and Wille, Kristin and Jacobs, Arthur M. and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Stimulus onset asynchrony and the timeline of word recognition: Event-related potentials during sentence reading}, series = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, volume = {50}, journal = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0028-3932}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.04.011}, pages = {1852 -- 1870}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Three ERP experiments examined the effect of word presentation rate (i.e., stimulus onset asynchrony, SOA) on the time course of word frequency and predictability effects in sentence reading. In Experiments 1 and 2, sentences were presented word-by-word in the screen center at an SOA of 700 and 490 ms, respectively. While these rates are typical for psycholinguistic ERP research, natural reading happens at a considerably faster pace. Accordingly. Experiment 3 employed a near-normal SOA of 280 ms, which approximated the rate of normal reading. Main results can be summarized as follows: (1) The onset latency of early frequency effects decreases gradually with increasing presentation rates. (2) An early interaction between top-down and bottom-up processing is observed only under a near-normal SOA. (3) N400 predictability effects occur later and are smaller at a near-normal (i.e., high) presentation rate than at the lower rates commonly used in ERP experiments. (4) ERP morphology is different at the shortest compared to longer SOAs. Together, the results point to a special role of a near-normal presentation rate for visual word recognition and therefore suggest that SOA should be taken into account in research of natural reading.}, language = {en} } @article{YanRisseZhouetal.2012, author = {Yan, Ming and Risse, Sarah and Zhou, Xiaolin and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Preview fixation duration modulates identical and semantic preview benefit in Chinese reading}, series = {Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal}, volume = {25}, journal = {Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0922-4777}, doi = {10.1007/s11145-010-9274-7}, pages = {1093 -- 1111}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Semantic preview benefit from parafoveal words is critical for proposals of distributed lexical processing during reading. Semantic preview benefit has been demonstrated for Chinese reading with the boundary paradigm in which unrelated or semantically related previews of a target word N + 1 are replaced by the target word once the eyes cross an invisible boundary located after word N (Yan et al., 2009); for the target word in position N + 2, only identical compared to unrelated-word preview led to shorter fixation times on the target word (Yan et al., in press). A reanalysis of these data reveals that identical and semantic preview benefits depend on preview duration (i.e., the fixation duration on the preboundary word). Identical preview benefit from word N + 1 increased with preview duration. The identical preview benefit was also significant for N + 2, but did not significantly interact with preview duration. The previously reported semantic preview benefit from word N + 1 was mainly due to single- or first-fixation durations following short previews. We discuss implications for notions of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading.}, language = {en} } @article{TsaiKlieglYan2012, author = {Tsai, Jie-Li and Kliegl, Reinhold and Yan, Ming}, title = {Parafoveal semantic information extraction in traditional Chinese reading}, series = {Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics}, volume = {141}, journal = {Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0001-6918}, doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.06.004}, pages = {17 -- 23}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Semantic information extraction from the parafovea has been reported only in simplified Chinese for a special subset of characters and its generalizability has been questioned. This study uses traditional Chinese, which differs from simplified Chinese in visual complexity and in mapping semantic forms, to demonstrate access to parafoveal semantic information during reading of this script. Preview duration modulates various types (identical, phonological, and unrelated) of parafoveal information extraction. Parafoveal semantic extraction is more elusive in English; therefore, we conclude that such effects in Chinese are presumably caused by substantial cross-language differences from alphabetic scripts. The property of Chinese characters carrying rich lexical information in a small region provides the possibility of semantic extraction in the parafovea.}, language = {en} } @article{YanZhouShuetal.2012, author = {Yan, Ming and Zhou, Wei and Shu, Hua and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Lexical and sublexical semantic preview benefits in chinese reading}, series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, volume = {38}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7393}, doi = {10.1037/a0026935}, pages = {1069 -- 1075}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Semantic processing from parafoveal words is an elusive phenomenon in alphabetic languages, but it has been demonstrated only for a restricted set of noncompound Chinese characters. Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, this experiment examined whether parafoveal lexical and sublexical semantic information was extracted from compound preview characters. Results generalized parafoveal semantic processing to this representative set of Chinese characters and extended the parafoveal processing to radical (sublexical) level semantic information extraction. Implications for notions of parafoveal information extraction during Chinese reading are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OhlBrandtKliegl2012, author = {Ohl, Sven and Brandt, S. and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Post-saccadic location judgments after presentation of multiple target-like objects}, series = {Perception}, volume = {41}, booktitle = {Perception}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0301-0066}, pages = {171 -- 171}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MassonKliegl2012, author = {Masson, Michael E. J. and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Trial history modulates joint effects of stimulus quality, frequency, and priming in lexical decision}, series = {Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie exp{\´e}rimentale}, volume = {66}, booktitle = {Canadian journal of experimental psychology = Revue canadienne de psychologie exp{\´e}rimentale}, number = {4}, publisher = {Canadian Psychological Assoc.}, address = {Ottawa}, issn = {1196-1961}, pages = {318 -- 318}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KlieglMatuschekHolschneider2012, author = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Matuschek, Hannes and Holschneider, Matthias}, title = {Multivariate analyses of fixation durations in reading with linear mixed and additive mixed models}, series = {International journal of psychology}, volume = {47}, booktitle = {International journal of psychology}, number = {33}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hove}, issn = {0020-7594}, pages = {139 -- 139}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Kliegl2012, author = {Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Eye movements during reading: Contributions of cross-language comparisons}, series = {International journal of psychology}, volume = {47}, booktitle = {International journal of psychology}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hove}, issn = {0020-7594}, pages = {138 -- 138}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{DimigenKlieglSommer2012, author = {Dimigen, Olaf and Kliegl, Reinhold and Sommer, Werner}, title = {Trans-saccadic parafoveal preview benefits in fluent reading: A study with fixation-related brain potentials}, series = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, volume = {62}, journal = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.006}, pages = {381 -- 393}, year = {2012}, abstract = {During natural reading, a parafoveal preview of the upcoming word facilitates its subsequent recognition (e.g., shorter fixation durations compared to masked preview) but nothing is known about the neural correlates of this so-called preview benefit. Furthermore, while the evidence is strong that readers preprocess orthographic features of upcoming words, it is controversial whether word meaning can also be accessed parafoveally. We investigated the timing, scope, and electrophysiological correlates of parafoveal information use in reading by simultaneously recording eye movements and fixation-related brain potentials (FRPs) while participants read word lists fluently from left to right. For one word the target (e.g., "blade") parafoveal information was manipulated by showing an identical ("blade"), semantically related ("knife"), or unrelated ("sugar") word as preview. In boundary trials, the preview was shown parafoveally but changed to the correct target word during the incoming saccade. Replicating classic findings, target words were fixated shorter after identical previews. In the EEG, this benefit was reflected in an occipitotemporal preview positivity between 200 and 280 ms. In contrast, there was no facilitation from related previews. In parafoveal-on-foveal trials, preview and target were embedded at neighboring list positions without a display change. Consecutive fixation of two related words produced N400 priming effects, but only shortly (160 ms) after the second word was directly fixated. Results demonstrate that neural responses to words are substantially altered by parafoveal preprocessing under normal reading conditions. We found no evidence that word meaning contributes to these effects. Saccade-contingent display manipulations can be combined with EEG recordings to study extrafoveal perception in vision.}, language = {en} } @article{KlieglDambacherDimigenetal.2012, author = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Dambacher, Michael and Dimigen, Olaf and Jacobs, Arthur M. and Sommer, Werner}, title = {Eye movements and brain electric potentials during reading}, series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, volume = {76}, journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0340-0727}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-011-0376-x}, pages = {145 -- 158}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The development of theories and computational models of reading requires an understanding of processing constraints, in particular of timelines related to word recognition and oculomotor control. Timelines of word recognition are usually determined with event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded under conditions of serial visual presentation (SVP) of words; timelines of oculomotor control are derived from parameters of eye movements (EMs) during natural reading. We describe two strategies to integrate these approaches. One is to collect ERPs and EMs in separate SVP and natural reading experiments for the same experimental material (but different subjects). The other strategy is to co-register EMs and ERPs during natural reading from the same subjects. Both strategies yield data that allow us to determine how lexical properties influence ERPs (e.g., the N400 component) and EMs (e.g., fixation durations) across neighboring words. We review our recent research on the effects of frequency and predictability of words on both EM and ERP measures with reference to current models of eye-movement control during reading. Results are in support of the proposition that lexical access is distributed across several fixations and across brain-electric potentials measured on neighboring words.}, language = {en} }