@incollection{GeissLi2024, author = {Geiß, Robin and Li, Yao}, title = {Testimonium 1951 Convention/Article XI 1967 Protocol}, series = {The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol}, booktitle = {The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol}, editor = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Terje, Einarsen}, edition = {Second edition}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-19-285511-4}, doi = {10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001}, pages = {1819 -- 1824}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This chapter covers the function of Testimonium to the 1951 Convention and Article XI of the 1967 Protocol. It looks into the relevance of the 1951 Convetion's testimonium. The testimonium primarily focuses on the Convetion's authentic languages, regulation of deposition, and certified true copies being delivered to all members of the UN and non-member States. On the other hand, Article XI contains the standard procedures for regulating the deposition of a copy of the 1967 Protocol in the Secretariat of the United Nations and foreseeing the transmission of certified copies thereof by the Secretary general. The chapter mentions how both elements are not commonly explicitly indicated in modern treaties.}, language = {en} } @incollection{GeissLi2024, author = {Geiß, Robin and Li, Yao}, title = {Article 39 1951 Convention/Article V 1967 Protocol}, series = {The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol}, booktitle = {The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol}, editor = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Terje, Einarsen}, edition = {Second edition}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-19-285511-4}, doi = {10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001}, pages = {1693 -- 1706}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This chapter looks into the 1951 Convention's Article 39 and the 1967 Protocol's Article V. In 2000, the Secretary-General identified the 1951 Convention as belonging to a core group of 25 multilateral treaties representative of the key objectives of the UN and the spirit of its Charter. Additionally, the rules found in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) apply to the 1951 Convention as a matter of customary international law. On the other hand, the 1967 Protocol does not amend the 1951 Convention but binds its parties to observe the substantive provisions. The chapter cites that the 1967 Protocol constitutes an independent and complete international instrument that is open not only to the States parties to the 1951 Convention.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Li2024, author = {Li, Yao}, title = {Article 1 E 1951 Convention}, series = {The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 protocol}, booktitle = {The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 protocol}, editor = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Terje, Einarsen}, edition = {Second edition}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-19-285511-4}, doi = {10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001}, pages = {669 -- 678}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This chapter elaborates on the function of Article 1 E of the 1951 Convention, which was originally aimed at German refugees. It refers to a special group of people who qualify for refugee status but enjoy the rights of national citizens despite their lack of formal citizenship. The article's object and purpose revolve around excluding persons from refugee protection who do not need any international protection since they have the status of national citizens. Additionally, access to refugee status is excluded ipso facto because the individual may resort to effective protection similar to that of citizenship upon being admitted to the country of sojourn. The chapter explains how Article 1 E is an integral part of the balanced system of international refugee protection prescribed by the Convention.}, language = {en} } @incollection{MarxLi2024, author = {Marx, Reinhard and Li, Yao}, title = {Article 34 1951 Convention}, series = {The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 protocol}, booktitle = {The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 protocol}, editor = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Terje, Einarsen}, edition = {Second edition}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-19-285511-4}, doi = {10.1093/law/9780192855114.001.0001}, pages = {1585 -- 1604}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This chapter tackles the features and historical development of the 1951 Convention's Article 34. It explains the function of the provision, which primarily focuses on requesting Contracting States to facilitate the assimilation and naturalization of refugees. Moreover, the provision forms the legal bases for local integration and naturalization as some of the traditional durable solutions to refugeehood. The soft obligation imposed by Article 34 primarily focuses on the long-term solution by naturalization. The chapter then elaborates on the balance between local integration, naturalization, and voluntary return after it was disrupted due to the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Tjaden2024, author = {Tjaden, Jasper}, title = {Social media data and migration research}, series = {How to do migration research : how to research guides}, booktitle = {How to do migration research : how to research guides}, editor = {Zapata-Barrero, Ricard and Vintila, Daniela}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham, UK}, isbn = {9781035306855}, doi = {10.4337/9781035306855.00023}, pages = {116 -- 124}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In 2022, there were 4.62 billion social media users worldwide. Social media generates a wealth of data which migration scholars have recently started to explore in pursuit of a variety of methodological and thematic research questions. Scholars use social media data to estimate migration stocks, forecast migration flows, or recruit migrants for targeted online surveys. Social media has also been used to understand how migrants get information about their planned journeys and destination countries, how they organize and mobilize online, how migration issues are politicized online, and how migrants integrate culturally into destination countries by sharing common interests. While social media data drives innovative research, it also poses severe challenges regarding data privacy, data protection, and methodological questions relating to external validity. In this chapter, I briefly introduce various strands of migration research using social media data and discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and opportunities.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Martin2024, author = {Martin, Johannes}, title = {Synthesis of protein-polymer conjugates and block copolymers via sortase-mediated ligation}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64566}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-645669}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVII, 150}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten haben therapeutische Proteine in der pharmazeutischen Industrie mehr und mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Werden Proteine nichtmenschlichen Ursprungs verwendet, kann es jedoch zu einer Immunreaktion kommen, sodass das Protein sehr schnell aus dem K{\"o}rper ausgeschieden oder abgebaut wird. Um die Zirkulationszeit im Blut signifikant zu verl{\"a}ngern, werden die Proteine mit synthetischen Polymeren modifiziert (Protein-Polymer-Konjugate). Die Proteine aller heute auf dem Markt erh{\"a}ltlichen Medikamente dieser Art tragen eine oder mehrere Polymerketten aus Poly(ethylenglycol) (PEG). Ein Nachteil der PEGylierung ist, dass viele Patienten bei regelm{\"a}ßiger Einnahme dieser Medikamente Antik{\"o}rper gegen PEG entwickeln, die den effizienzsteigernden Effekt der PEGylierung wieder aufheben. Ein weiterer Nachteil der PEGylierung ist die oftmals deutlich verringerte Aktivit{\"a}t der Konjugate im Vergleich zum nativen Protein. Der Grund daf{\"u}r ist die Herstellungsmethode der Konjugate, bei der meist die prim{\"a}ren Amine der Lysin-Seitenketten und der N-Terminus des Proteins genutzt werden. Da die meisten Proteine mehrere gut zug{\"a}ngliche Lysine aufweisen, werden oft unterschiedliche und teilweise mehrere Lysine mit PEG funktionalisiert, was zu einer Mischung an Regioisomeren f{\"u}hrt. Je nach Position der PEG-Kette kann das aktive Zentrum abgeschirmt oder die 3D-Struktur des Proteins ver{\"a}ndert werden, was zu einem teilweise drastischen Aktivit{\"a}tsabfall f{\"u}hrt. In dieser Arbeit wurde eine neuartige Methode zur Ligation von Makromolek{\"u}len untersucht. Die Verwendung eines Enzyms als Katalysator zur Verbindung zweier Makromolek{\"u}le ist bisher wenig untersucht und ineffizient. Als Enzym wurde Sortase A ausgew{\"a}hlt, eine gut untersuchte Ligase aus der Familie der Transpeptidasen, welche die Ligation zweier Peptide katalysieren kann. Ein Nachteil dieser Sortase-vermittelten Ligation ist, dass es sich um eine Gleichgewichtsreaktion handelt, wodurch hohe Ausbeuten schwierig zu erreichen sind. Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden zwei zuvor entwickelte Methoden zur Verschiebung des Gleichgewichts ohne Einsatz eines großen {\"U}berschusses von einem Edukt f{\"u}r Makromolek{\"u}le {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Zur Durchf{\"u}hrung der Sortase-vermittelten Ligation werden zwei komplement{\"a}re Peptidsequenzen verwendet, die Erkennungssequenz und das Nukleophil. Um eine systematische Untersuchung durchf{\"u}hren zu k{\"o}nnen, wurden alle n{\"o}tigen Bausteine (Protein-Erkennungssequenz zur Reaktion mit Nukleophil-Polymer und Polymer-Erkennungssequenz mit Nukleophil-Protein) hergestellt. Als Polymerisationstechnik wurde die radikalische Polymerisation mit reversibler Deaktivierung (im Detail, Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization, ATRP und Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer, RAFT polymerization) gew{\"a}hlt, um eine enge Molmassenverteilung zu erreichen. Die Herstellung der Bausteine begann mit der Synthese der Peptide via automatisierter Festphasen-Peptidsynthese, um eine einfache {\"A}nderung der Peptidsequenz zu gew{\"a}hrleisten und um eine Modifizierung der Polymerkette nach der Polymerisation zu umgehen. Um die ben{\"o}tigte unterschiedliche Funktionalit{\"a}t der zwei Peptidsequenzen (freier C-Terminus bei der Erkennungssequenz bzw. freier N-Terminus bei dem Nukleophil) zu erreichen, wurden verschiedene Linker zwischen Harz und Peptid verwendet. Danach wurde der Ketten{\"u}bertr{\"a}ger (chain transfer agent, CTA) zur Kontrolle der Polymerisation mit dem auf dem Harz befindlichen Peptid gekoppelt. Die f{\"u}r die anschließende Polymerisation verwendeten Monomere basierten auf Acrylamiden und Acrylaten und wurden anhand ihrer Eignung als Alternativen zu PEG ausgew{\"a}hlt. Es wurde eine k{\"u}rzlich entwickelte Technik basierend auf der RAFT-Polymerisation (xanthate-supported photo-iniferter RAFT, XPI-RAFT) verwendet um eine Reihe an Peptid-Polymeren mit unterschiedlichen Molekulargewichten und engen Molekulargewichtsverteilungen herzustellen. Nach Entfernung der Schutzgruppen der Peptid-Seitenketten wurden die Peptid-Polymere zun{\"a}chst genutzt, um mittels Sortase-vermittelter Ligation zwei Polymerketten zu einem Blockcopolymer zu verbinden. Unter Verwendung von Ni2+-Ionen in Kombination mit einer Verl{\"a}ngerung der Erkennungssequenz um ein Histidin zur Unterdr{\"u}ckung der R{\"u}ckreaktion konnte ein maximaler Umsatz von 70 \% erreicht werden. Dabei zeigte sich ein oberes Limit von durchschnittlich 100 Wiederholungseinheiten; die Ligation von l{\"a}ngeren Polymeren war nicht erfolgreich. Danach wurden ein Modellprotein und ein Nanobody mit vielversprechenden medizinischen Eigenschaften mit den f{\"u}r die enzymkatalysierte Ligation ben{\"o}tigten Peptidsequenzen f{\"u}r die Kopplung mit den zuvor hergestellten Peptid-Polymeren verwendet. Dabei konnte bei Verwendung des Modellproteins keine Bildung von Protein-Polymer-Konjugaten beobachtet werden. Der Nanobody konnte dagegen C-terminal mit einem Polymer funktionalisiert werden. Dabei wurde eine {\"a}hnliche Limitierung in der Polymer-Kettenl{\"a}nge beobachtet wie zuvor. Die auf Ni-Ionen basierte Strategie zur Gleichgewichtsverschiebung hatte hier keinen ausschlaggebenden Effekt, w{\"a}hrend die Verwendung von einem {\"U}berschuss an Polymer zur vollst{\"a}ndigen Umsetzung des Edukt-Nanobody f{\"u}hrte. Die erhaltenen Daten aus diesem Projekt bilden eine gute Basis f{\"u}r weitere Forschung in dem vielversprechenden Feld der enzymkatalysierten Herstellung von Protein-Polymer-Konjugaten und Blockcopolymeren. Langfristig k{\"o}nnte diese Herangehensweise eine vielseitig einsetzbare Herstellungsmethode von ortsspezifischen therapeutischen Protein-Polymer Konjugaten darstellen, welche sowohl eine hohe Aktivit{\"a}t als auch eine lange Zirkulationszeit im Blut aufweisen.}, language = {en} } @book{KubanRottaNolteetal.2024, author = {Kuban, Robert and Rotta, Randolf and Nolte, J{\"o}rg and Chromik, Jonas and Beilharz, Jossekin Jakob and Pirl, Lukas and Friedrich, Tobias and Lenzner, Pascal and Weyand, Christopher and Juiz, Carlos and Bermejo, Belen and Sauer, Joao and Coelh, Leandro dos Santos and Najafi, Pejman and P{\"u}nter, Wenzel and Cheng, Feng and Meinel, Christoph and Sidorova, Julia and Lundberg, Lars and Vogel, Thomas and Tran, Chinh and Moser, Irene and Grunske, Lars and Elsaid, Mohamed Esameldin Mohamed and Abbas, Hazem M. and Rula, Anisa and Sejdiu, Gezim and Maurino, Andrea and Schmidt, Christopher and H{\"u}gle, Johannes and Uflacker, Matthias and Nozza, Debora and Messina, Enza and Hoorn, Andr{\´e} van and Frank, Markus and Schulz, Henning and Alhosseini Almodarresi Yasin, Seyed Ali and Nowicki, Marek and Muite, Benson K. and Boysan, Mehmet Can and Bianchi, Federico and Cremaschi, Marco and Moussa, Rim and Abdel-Karim, Benjamin M. and Pfeuffer, Nicolas and Hinz, Oliver and Plauth, Max and Polze, Andreas and Huo, Da and Melo, Gerard de and Mendes Soares, F{\´a}bio and Oliveira, Roberto C{\´e}lio Lim{\~a}o de and Benson, Lawrence and Paul, Fabian and Werling, Christian and Windheuser, Fabian and Stojanovic, Dragan and Djordjevic, Igor and Stojanovic, Natalija and Stojnev Ilic, Aleksandra and Weidmann, Vera and Lowitzki, Leon and Wagner, Markus and Ifa, Abdessatar Ben and Arlos, Patrik and Megia, Ana and Vendrell, Joan and Pfitzner, Bjarne and Redondo, Alberto and R{\´i}os Insua, David and Albert, Justin Amadeus and Zhou, Lin and Arnrich, Bert and Szab{\´o}, Ildik{\´o} and Fodor, Szabina and Ternai, Katalin and Bhowmik, Rajarshi and Campero Durand, Gabriel and Shevchenko, Pavlo and Malysheva, Milena and Prymak, Ivan and Saake, Gunter}, title = {HPI Future SOC Lab - Proceedings 2019}, number = {158}, editor = {Meinel, Christoph and Polze, Andreas and Beins, Karsten and Strotmann, Rolf and Seibold, Ulrich and R{\"o}dszus, Kurt and M{\"u}ller, J{\"u}rgen}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-564-4}, issn = {1613-5652}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-59791}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-597915}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 301}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The "HPI Future SOC Lab" is a cooperation of the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and industry partners. Its mission is to enable and promote exchange and interaction between the research community and the industry partners. The HPI Future SOC Lab provides researchers with free of charge access to a complete infrastructure of state of the art hard and software. This infrastructure includes components, which might be too expensive for an ordinary research environment, such as servers with up to 64 cores and 2 TB main memory. The offerings address researchers particularly from but not limited to the areas of computer science and business information systems. Main areas of research include cloud computing, parallelization, and In-Memory technologies. This technical report presents results of research projects executed in 2019. Selected projects have presented their results on April 9th and November 12th 2019 at the Future SOC Lab Day events.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pregla2024, author = {Pregla, Andreas}, title = {Word order variability in OV languages}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64363}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-643636}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xv, 265}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This thesis explores word order variability in verb-final languages. Verb-final languages have a reputation for a high amount of word order variability. However, that reputation amounts to an urban myth due to a lack of systematic investigation. This thesis provides such a systematic investigation by presenting original data from several verb-final languages with a focus on four Uralic ones: Estonian, Udmurt, Meadow Mari, and South S{\´a}mi. As with every urban myth, there is a kernel of truth in that many unrelated verb-final languages share a particular kind of word order variability, A-scrambling, in which the fronted elements do not receive a special information-structural role, such as topic or contrastive focus. That word order variability goes hand in hand with placing focussed phrases further to the right in the position directly in front of the verb. Variations on this pattern are exemplified by Uyghur, Standard Dargwa, Eastern Armenian, and three of the Uralic languages, Estonian, Udmurt, and Meadow Mari. So far for the kernel of truth, but the fourth Uralic language, South S{\´a}mi, is comparably rigid and does not feature this particular kind of word order variability. Further such comparably rigid, non-scrambling verb-final languages are Dutch, Afrikaans, Amharic, and Korean. In contrast to scrambling languages, non-scrambling languages feature obligatory subject movement, causing word order rigidity next to other typical EPP effects. The EPP is a defining feature of South S{\´a}mi clause structure in general. South S{\´a}mi exhibits a one-of-a-kind alternation between SOV and SAuxOV order that is captured by the assumption of the EPP and obligatory movement of auxiliaries but not lexical verbs. Other languages that allow for SAuxOV order either lack an alternation because the auxiliary is obligatorily present (Macro-Sudan SAuxOVX languages), or feature an alternation between SVO and SAuxOV (Kru languages; V2 with underlying OV as a fringe case). In the SVO-SAuxOV languages, both auxiliaries and lexical verbs move. Hence, South S{\´a}mi shows that the textbook difference between the VO languages English and French, whether verb movement is restricted to auxiliaries, also extends to OV languages. SAuxOV languages are an outlier among OV languages in general but are united by the presence of the EPP. Word order variability is not restricted to the preverbal field in verb-final languages, as most of them feature postverbal elements (PVE). PVE challenge the notion of verb-finality in a language. Strictly verb-final languages without any clause-internal PVE are rare. This thesis charts the first structural and descriptive typology of PVE. Verb-final languages vary in the categories they allow as PVE. Allowing for non-oblique PVE is a pivotal threshold: when non-oblique PVE are allowed, PVE can be used for information-structural effects. Many areally and genetically unrelated languages only allow for given PVE but differ in whether the PVE are contrastive. In those languages, verb-finality is not at stake since verb-medial orders are marked. In contrast, the Uralic languages Estonian and Udmurt allow for any PVE, including information focus. Verb-medial orders can be used in the same contexts as verb-final orders without semantic and pragmatic differences. As such, verb placement is subject to actual free variation. The underlying verb-finality of Estonian and Udmurt can only be inferred from a range of diagnostics indicating optional verb movement in both languages. In general, it is not possible to account for PVE with a uniform analysis: rightwards merge, leftward verb movement, and rightwards phrasal movement are required to capture the cross- and intralinguistic variation. Knowing that a language is verb-final does not allow one to draw conclusions about word order variability in that language. There are patterns of homogeneity, such as the word order variability driven by directly preverbal focus and the givenness of postverbal elements, but those are not brought about by verb-finality alone. Preverbal word order variability is restricted by the more abstract property of obligatory subject movement, whereas the determinant of postverbal word order variability has to be determined in the future.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Felisatti2024, author = {Felisatti, Arianna}, title = {Spatial-numerical associations: From biological foundations to embodied learning to contextual flexibility}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64179}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-641791}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 195}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Among the different meanings carried by numerical information, cardinality is fundamental for survival and for the development of basic as well as of higher numerical skills. Importantly, the human brain inherits from evolution a predisposition to map cardinality onto space, as revealed by the presence of spatial-numerical associations (SNAs) in humans and animals. Here, the mapping of cardinal information onto physical space is addressed as a hallmark signature characterizing numerical cognition. According to traditional approaches, cognition is defined as complex forms of internal information processing, taking place in the brain (cognitive processor). On the contrary, embodied cognition approaches define cognition as functionally linked to perception and action, in the continuous interaction between a biological body and its physical and sociocultural environment. Embracing the principles of the embodied cognition perspective, I conducted four novel studies designed to unveil how SNAs originate, develop, and adapt, depending on characteristics of the organism, the context, and their interaction. I structured my doctoral thesis in three levels. At the grounded level (Study 1), I unfold the biological foundations underlying the tendency to map cardinal information across space; at the embodied level (Study 2), I reveal the impact of atypical motor development on the construction of SNAs; at the situated level (Study 3), I document the joint influence of visuospatial attention and task properties on SNAs. Furthermore, I experimentally investigate the presence of associations between physical and numerical distance, another numerical property fundamental for the development of efficient mathematical minds (Study 4). In Study 1, I present the Brain's Asymmetric Frequency Tuning hypothesis that relies on hemispheric asymmetries for processing spatial frequencies, a low-level visual feature that the (in)vertebrate brain extracts from any visual scene to create a coherent percept of the world. Computational analyses of the power spectra of the original stimuli used to document the presence of SNAs in human newborns and animals, support the brain's asymmetric frequency tuning as a theoretical account and as an evolutionarily inherited mechanism scaffolding the universal and innate tendency to represent cardinality across horizontal space. In Study 2, I explore SNAs in children with rare genetic neuromuscular diseases: spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). SMA children never accomplish independent motoric exploration of their environment; in contrast, DMD children do explore but later lose this ability. The different SNAs reported by the two groups support the critical role of early sensorimotor experiences in the spatial representation of cardinality. In Study 3, I directly compare the effects of overt attentional orientation during explicit and implicit processing of numerical magnitude. First, the different effects of attentional orienting based on the type of assessment support different mechanisms underlying SNAs during explicit and implicit assessment of numerical magnitude. Secondly, the impact of vertical shifts of attention on the processing of numerical distance sheds light on the correspondence between numerical distance and peri-personal distance. In Study 4, I document the presence of different SNAs, driven by numerical magnitude and numerical distance, by employing different response mappings (left vs. right and near vs. distant). In the field of numerical cognition, the four studies included in the present thesis contribute to unveiling how the characteristics of the organism and the environment influence the emergence, the development, and the flexibility of our attitude to represent cardinal information across space, thus supporting the predictions of the embodied cognition approach. Furthermore, they inform a taxonomy of body-centred factors (biological properties of the brain and sensorimotor system) modulating the spatial representation of cardinality throughout the course of life, at the grounded, embodied, and situated levels. If the awareness for different variables influencing SNAs over the course of life is important, it is equally important to consider the organism as a whole in its sensorimotor interaction with the world. Inspired by my doctoral research, here I propose a holistic perspective that considers the role of evolution, embodiment, and environment in the association of cardinal information with directional space. The new perspective advances the current approaches to SNAs, both at the conceptual and at the methodological levels. Unveiling how the mental representation of cardinality emerges, develops, and adapts is necessary to shape efficient mathematical minds and achieve economic productivity, technological progress, and a higher quality of life.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Wehmeier2024, author = {Wehmeier, Liz Marla}, title = {Intergovernmental relations in digitalization policy}, series = {New perspectives on intergovernmental relations}, booktitle = {New perspectives on intergovernmental relations}, editor = {Kuhlmann, Sabine and Laffin, Martin and Wayenberg, Ellen and Bergstr{\"o}m, Tomas}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-61789-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-61790-4_9}, pages = {163 -- 185}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Despite the high hopes associated with public sector digitalization, especially in times of crisis, it does not yet hold up to its potential. Both the negotiation and implementation of digitalization policy presents a challenge for all levels of government, requiring extensive coordination efforts. In general, there are conflicting views if more centralized or decentralized policy processes are more effective for coordination—a tension further exacerbated in the context of digitalization policy within multilevel systems, where the imperative of standardization collides with decentralization forces inherent in federalism. Based on the analysis of expert interviews (n = 29), this chapter examines how digitalization policy in the context of the German federal intergovernmental relations context is located and negotiated, and how this relates to local policy implementation. Focusing on the decentralized German tax administration as a case study, the analysis reveals a shift from a conflicted to a multi-layered policy process, underpinned by a mechanism of "concentration without centralization." Strategic and operational competencies are bundled in an institutionalized and legally regulated network for digitalization to achieve necessary standardization of digital infrastructure. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the influence of intergovernmental relations on local implementation and the associated challenges and opportunities.}, language = {en} } @misc{Schulz2024, author = {Schulz, Michael K.}, title = {Hanna Kozińska-Witt, Politycy czy klakierzy? Żydzi w krakowskiej radzie miejskiej w XIX wieku [Politicians or Claqueurs? Jews in the Cracow City Council in the 19th Century]. Studia nad Cywilizacją Żydowską w Polsce 3 (Krak{\´o}w: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2019), 248 pp.; Marek Tuszewicki, A Frog Under the Tongue. Jewish Folk Medicine in Eastern Europe (London: The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2021), 360 pp.}, series = {PaRDeS}, journal = {PaRDeS}, number = {29}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-574-3}, issn = {1614-6492}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-65124}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651240}, pages = {171 -- 174}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @article{KlugeSchuefflerThimetal.2024, author = {Kluge, Annette and Sch{\"u}ffler, Arnulf S. and Thim, Christof and Gronau, Norbert}, title = {Facilitating and hindering factors for routine adaptations in manufacturing and effects on human performance- unexpected insights from three experimental studies in a special purpose setting}, series = {Ergonomics : an international journal of research and practice in human factors and ergonomics}, journal = {Ergonomics : an international journal of research and practice in human factors and ergonomics}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1366-5847}, doi = {10.1080/00140139.2024.2369706}, pages = {1 -- 19}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Consumer behaviour changes and strategic management decisions are driving adaptations in manufacturing routines. Based on the theory of situational strength, we investigated how contextual and person-related factors influence workers' adaptation in a two-worker position routine. Contextual factors, like retrieval cues (Study 1), time pressure (Study 2), and convenience (Study 3), were varied. Person-related factors included retentivity, general and routine-specific self-efficacy, and perceived adaptation costs. Dependent variables included various error types and production time before and after adaptation. In each study, 148 participants were trained in a production routine at t1 and executed an adapted routine at t2, one week later. Repeated measures ANOVA for performance at t1 and t2, and MANOVA for performance at t2, revealed that time increased for all groups at t2. For participants in Studies 1 \& 2, error rates remained consistent. Retentivity significantly impacted errors at both t1 and t2, emphasising that routine changes in a 'running business' take time, regardless of contextual factors. Workers with lower retentivity may require additional support.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BenderBretschneiderFattahWeil2024, author = {Bender, Benedict and Bretschneider, Sina and Fattah-Weil, Jasmin}, title = {Advances in demand forecasting}, series = {AMCIS Proceedings 2024}, booktitle = {AMCIS Proceedings 2024}, publisher = {AIS}, address = {Atlanta}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This systematic literature review highlights the gap in demand forecasting in the manufacturing sector, which is challenged by complex supply chains and rapid market change. Traditional methods fall short in this dynamic environment, highlighting the need for an approach that combines advanced forecasting techniques, high-quality data, and industry-specific insights. Our research contributes by evaluating advanced forecasting methods, the effectiveness of AI and data strategies to improve accuracy. Our analysis reveals a shift towards machine learning and deep learning to improve accuracy and highlights the untapped potential of external data sources. Key findings provide both researchers and practitioners with guidance on effective forecasting strategies and key data types and offer an integrated framework for improving forecasting accuracy and strategic decision-making in manufacturing. This work fills a critical research gap and provides stakeholders with actionable insights to manage the complexity of modern manufacturing, representing a significant advance in forecasting practice.}, language = {en} } @misc{AmbosBockGeneussetal.2024, author = {Ambos, Kai and Bock, Stefanie and Geneuss, Julia and Jeßberger, Florian and Kreß, Claus and Oeter, Stefan and Paulus, Andreas and Talmon, Stefan and Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Without fear or favour}, series = {Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional}, journal = {Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional}, publisher = {Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2366-7044}, doi = {10.59704/eea458648230c9df}, pages = {5}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GonnermannMuellerTeichmann2024, author = {Gonnermann-M{\"u}ller, Jana and Teichmann, Malte}, title = {Examining the learner's cognitive load in response to different learning material in high and low immersive virtual learning environments}, series = {Information systems and neuroscience}, volume = {68}, booktitle = {Information systems and neuroscience}, editor = {Davis, Fred D. and Riedl, Ren{\´e} and vom Brocke, Jan and L{\´e}ger, Pierre-Majorique and Randolph, Adriane B. and M{\"u}ller-Putz, Gernot R.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-58395-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-58396-4_29}, pages = {333 -- 344}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Learning in virtual, immersive environments must be well-designed to foster learning instead of overwhelming and distracting the learner. So far, learning instructions based on cognitive load theory recommend keeping the learning instructions clean and simple to reduce the extraneous cognitive load of the learner to foster learning performance. The advantages of immersive learning, such as multiple options for realistic simulation, movement and feedback, raise questions about the tension between an increase of excitement and flow with highly realistic environments on the one hand and a reduction of cognitive load by developing clean and simple surroundings on the other hand. This study aims to gain insights into learners' cognitive responses during the learning process by continuously assessing cognitive load through eye-tracking. The experiment compares two distinct immersive learning environments and varying methods of content presentation.}, language = {en} } @article{BorckMulder2024, author = {Borck, Rainald and Mulder, Peter}, title = {Energy policies and pollution in two developing country cities}, series = {Journal of development economics}, volume = {171}, journal = {Journal of development economics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-3878}, doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103348}, year = {2024}, abstract = {We study the effect of energy and transport policies on pollution in two developing country cities. We use a quantitative equilibrium model with choice of housing, energy use, residential location, transport mode, and energy technology. Pollution comes from commuting and residential energy use. The model parameters are calibrated to replicate key variables for two developing country cities, Maputo, Mozambique, and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In the counterfactual simulations, we study how various transport and energy policies affect equilibrium pollution. Policies may induce rebound effects from increasing residential energy use or switching to high emission modes or locations. In general, these rebound effects tend to be largest for subsidies to public transport or modern residential energy technology.}, language = {en} } @incollection{OehlertKuhlmann2024, author = {Oehlert, Franziska and Kuhlmann, Sabine}, title = {Inter-administrative relations in migrant integration}, series = {New perspectives on intergovernmental relations}, booktitle = {New perspectives on intergovernmental relations}, editor = {Kuhlmann, Sabine and Laffin, Martin and Wayenberg, Ellen and Bergstr{\"o}m, Tomas}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-61789-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-61790-4_5}, pages = {77 -- 101}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Migrant integration is a prime example of intergovernmental coordination and multilevel governance; first because no level of government can carry out this task alone, and second because its cross-cutting nature often leads to fragmented institutional structures that must be overcome. Within the research strand of intergovernmental relations (IGR), the focus has been on executive actors and governmental decision-makers, resulting in an underexposure of the role of public administration, known as inter-administrative relations (IAR). Against this backdrop, we aim to remedy some of the deficits in IGR research by (1) adopting an explicit IAR perspective which systematically addresses the role of local governments; (2) including a comparative dimension in IAR research that accounts for different administrative 'starting conditions' in European countries; and (3) using the policy area of migrant integration as a case in point to empirically investigate developments of institutional convergence and divergence in IAR patterns. It is argued that the coordination of migrant integration in the three countries examined has moved towards more intergovernmental coordination, on the one hand, and that the role of municipalities in this context has been enhanced—varying degrees of (de-)centralization notwithstanding. While certain convergent patterns of inter-governmental coordination have become apparent during the migration crisis, historical path dependencies and administrative cultures still appear to be factors that influence institutional development.}, language = {en} } @incollection{VellaniOehlertWalkenhorst2024, author = {Vellani, Tom{\´a}s and Oehlert, Franziska and Walkenhorst, Janina}, title = {Intergovernmental relations in urban climate policy}, series = {New perspectives on intergovernmental relations}, booktitle = {New perspectives on intergovernmental relations}, editor = {Kuhlmann, Sabine and Laffin, Martin and Wayenberg, Ellen and Bergstr{\"o}m, Tomas}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-61789-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-61790-4_8}, pages = {143 -- 162}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Urban climate strategies have become central tools for steering climate policy in cities. Local policymakers must coordinate a wide range of actors, among them sub-municipal administrative units and neighbouring administrations, in order to ensure legitimate, socially accepted and effective policy. The study examines, from a comparative perspective, how intergovernmental relations (IGR) play out in the formulation and implementation of climate strategies in the metropolitan areas of Berlin and Paris. Embedded in different institutional contexts, both cities followed a trajectory initiated by relatively centralized strategy formulation with an ongoing shift towards more decentralized and coordinated intergovernmental approaches with their respective district administrations. In terms of horizontal IGR, Berlin took a decoupled approach with limited coordination with the state of Brandenburg, whereas Paris was much more closely integrated with its surrounding areas through the inter-municipal metropolis of Greater Paris. Institutional capacity, multilevel coordination and participation demands are identified as three challenges for the existing IGR structures. Addressing these challenges places significant strains on local administrative capacity. The findings highlight the limitations of centralized approaches to IGR at the local level and the importance of aligning the distribution of functional responsibilities with the rights of consultation and participation in climate policy formulation processes.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-65096, title = {New perspectives on intergovernmental relations}, series = {Palgrave studies in sub-national governance}, journal = {Palgrave studies in sub-national governance}, editor = {Kuhlmann, Sabine and Laffin, Martin and Wayenberg, Ellen and Bergstr{\"o}m, Tomas}, publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-61789-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-61790-4}, pages = {xvii, 216}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This open access book assesses the consequences of contemporary economic and political crises for intergovernmental relations in Europe. Focusing on the crises arising from the Covid-19 pandemic, climate change, surges in migration, and the resurgence of regional nationalist movements, it explores the shifting power balances within intergovernmental relations' systems. The book takes a comparative analytical perspective on how intergovernmental relations are changing across Europe, and how central governments have responded to coordination challenges as recent crises have disrupted established service delivery chains and their underpinning political and bureaucratic arrangements. It also examines the relationship between recent crises and the sub-national resurgence of territorial politics in many European countries. The book will appeal to those with interests in public administration, sub-national governance and European politics.}, language = {en} } @article{TjadenHeidland2024, author = {Tjaden, Jasper and Heidland, Tobias}, title = {Did Merkel's 2015 decision attract more migration to Germany?}, series = {European journal of political research}, journal = {European journal of political research}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0304-4130}, doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.12669}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In 2015, German Chancellor Angela Merkel decided to allow over a million asylum seekers to cross the border into Germany. One key concern was that her decision would signal an open-door policy to aspiring migrants worldwide - thus further increasing migration to Germany and making the country permanently more attractive to irregular and humanitarian migrants. This 'pull-effect' hypothesis has been a mainstay of policy discussions ever since. With the continued global rise in forced displacement, not appearing welcoming to migrants has become a guiding principle for the asylum policy of many large receiving countries. In this article, we exploit the unique case study that Merkel's 2015 decision provides for answering the fundamental question of whether welcoming migration policies have sustained effects on migration towards destination countries. We analyze an extensive range of data on migration inflows, migration aspirations and online search interest between 2000 and 2020. The results reject the 'pull effect' hypothesis while reaffirming states' capacity to adapt to changing contexts and regulate migration.}, language = {en} } @article{BaumBaumannBatzel2024, author = {Baum, Katharina and Baumann, Annika and Batzel, Katharina}, title = {Investigating innovation diffusion in gender-specific medicine}, series = {Business \& information systems engineering}, volume = {66}, journal = {Business \& information systems engineering}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer Fachmedien}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {2363-7005}, doi = {10.1007/s12599-024-00875-6}, pages = {335 -- 355}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The field of healthcare is characterized by constant innovation, with gender-specific medicine emerging as a new subfield that addresses sex and gender disparities in clinical manifestations, outcomes, treatment, and prevention of disease. Despite its importance, the adoption of gender-specific medicine remains understudied, posing potential risks to patient outcomes due to a lack of awareness of the topic. Building on the Innovation Decision Process Theory, this study examines the spread of information about gender-specific medicine in online networks. The study applies social network analysis to a Twitter dataset reflecting online discussions about the topic to gain insights into its adoption by health professionals and patients online. Results show that the network has a community structure with limited information exchange between sub-communities and that mainly medical experts dominate the discussion. The findings suggest that the adoption of gender-specific medicine might be in its early stages, focused on knowledge exchange. Understanding the diffusion of gender-specific medicine among medical professionals and patients may facilitate its adoption and ultimately improve health outcomes.}, language = {en} } @misc{CorbettSiegelThulinetal.2024, author = {Corbett, Tim and Siegel, Bj{\"o}rn and Thulin, Mirjam and Cs{\´a}ky, Moritz and H{\"o}dl, Klaus and Kasper-Marienberg, Verena and Berkovich, Ilya and Czakai, Johannes and Maślak-Maciejewska, Alicja and Stechauner, Martin and Dodou, Lida-Maria and Heimann-Jelinek, Felicitas and Nasr, Omar T. and Halbinger, Monika and J{\´a}noš{\´i}kov{\´a}, Magdal{\´e}na and Keßler, Katrin and Kauders, Anthony D. and Piskačov{\´a}, Zora and Arnold, Rafael D. and Schulz, Michael K. and Shapira, Elena and Sidky, Sean and Sun, Cheuk Him Ryan and Tirosh-Samuelson, Hava and Tusan, Michelle Elizabeth and Weigand, Susanne}, title = {Intersections between Jewish Studies and Habsburg Studies}, series = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany}, journal = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany}, number = {29}, editor = {Siegel, Bj{\"o}rn and Thulin, Mirjam and Corbett, Tim and Czendze, Oskar}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-574-3}, issn = {1614-6492}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62207}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622072}, pages = {202}, year = {2024}, abstract = {In the aftermath of the Shoah and the ostensible triumph of nationalism, it became common in historiography to relegate Jews to the position of the "eternal other" in a series of binaries: Christian/Jewish, Gentile/Jewish, European/Jewish, non-Jewish/Jewish, and so forth. For the longest time, these binaries remained characteristic of Jewish historiography, including in the Central European context. Assuming instead, as the more recent approaches in Habsburg studies do, that pluriculturalism was the basis of common experience in formerly Habsburg Central Europe, and accepting that no single "majority culture" existed, but rather hegemonies were imposed in certain contexts, then the often used binaries are misleading and conceal the complex and sometimes even paradoxical conditions that shaped Jewish life in the region before the Shoah. The very complexity of Habsburg Central Europe both in synchronic and diachronic perspective precludes any singular historical narrative of "Habsburg Jewry," and it is not the intention of this volume to offer an overview of "Habsburg Jewish history." The selected articles in this volume illustrate instead how important it is to reevaluate categories, deconstruct historical narratives, and reconceptualize implemented approaches in specific geographic, temporal, and cultural contexts in order to gain a better understanding of the complex and pluricultural history of the Habsburg Empire and the region as a whole.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hartmann2024, author = {Hartmann, Anne}, title = {Tracing the evolution of hillslope structure and hillslope hydrological response over ten millennia in two glacial forefields of different geology}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62862}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628629}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVIII, 138, XLIV}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Assessing the impact of global change on hydrological systems is one of the greatest hydrological challenges of our time. Changes in land cover, land use, and climate have an impact on water quantity, quality, and temporal availability. There is a widespread consensus that, given the far-reaching effects of global change, hydrological systems can no longer be viewed as static in their structure; instead, they must be regarded as entire ecosystems, wherein hydrological processes interact and coevolve with biological, geomorphological, and pedological processes. To accurately predict the hydrological response under the impact of global change, it is essential to understand this complex coevolution. The knowledge of how hydrological processes, in particular the formation of subsurface (preferential) flow paths, evolve within this coevolution and how they feed back to the other processes is still very limited due to a lack of observational data. At the hillslope scale, this intertwined system of interactions is known as the hillslope feedback cycle. This thesis aims to enhance our understanding of the hillslope feedback cycle by studying the coevolution of hillslope structure and hillslope hydrological response. Using chronosequences of moraines in two glacial forefields developed from siliceous and calcareous glacial till, the four studies shed light on the complex coevolution of hydrological, biological, and structural hillslope properties, as well as subsurface hydrological flow paths over an evolutionary period of 10 millennia in these two contrasting geologies. The findings indicate that the contrasting properties of siliceous and calcareous parent materials lead to variations in soil structure, permeability, and water storage. As a result, different plant species and vegetation types are favored on siliceous versus calcareous parent material, leading to diverse ecosystems with distinct hydrological dynamics. The siliceous parent material was found to show a higher activity level in driving the coevolution. The soil pH resulting from parent material weathering emerges as a crucial factor, influencing vegetation development, soil formation, and consequently, hydrology. The acidic weathering of the siliceous parent material favored the accumulation of organic matter, increasing the soils' water storage capacity and attracting acid-loving shrubs, which further promoted organic matter accumulation and ultimately led to podsolization after 10 000 years. Tracer experiments revealed that the subsurface flow path evolution was influenced by soil and vegetation development, and vice versa. Subsurface flow paths changed from vertical, heterogeneous matrix flow to finger-like flow paths over a few hundred years, evolving into macropore flow, water storage, and lateral subsurface flow after several thousand years. The changes in flow paths among younger age classes were driven by weathering processes altering soil structure, as well as by vegetation development and root activity. In the older age class, the transition to more water storage and lateral flow was attributed to substantial organic matter accumulation and ongoing podsolization. The rapid vertical water transport in the finger-like flow paths, along with the conductive sandy material, contributed to podsolization and thus to the shift in the hillslope hydrological response. In contrast, the calcareous site possesses a high pH buffering capacity, creating a neutral to basic environment with relatively low accumulation of dead organic matter, resulting in a lower water storage capacity and the establishment of predominantly grass vegetation. The coevolution was found to be less dynamic over the millennia. Similar to the siliceous site, significant changes in subsurface flow paths occurred between the young age classes. However, unlike the siliceous site, the subsurface flow paths at the calcareous site only altered in shape and not in direction. Tracer experiments showed that flow paths changed from vertical, heterogeneous matrix flow to vertical, finger-like flow paths after a few hundred to thousands of years, which was driven by root activities and weathering processes. Despite having a finer soil texture, water storage at the calcareous site was significantly lower than at the siliceous site, and water transport remained primarily rapid and vertical, contributing to the flourishing of grass vegetation. The studies elucidated that changes in flow paths are predominantly shaped by the characteristics of the parent material and its weathering products, along with their complex interactions with initial water flow paths and vegetation development. Time, on the other hand, was not found to be a primary factor in describing the evolution of the hydrological response. This thesis makes a valuable contribution to closing the gap in the observations of the coevolution of hydrological processes within the hillslope feedback cycle, which is important to improve predictions of hydrological processes in changing landscapes. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary studies in addressing the hydrological challenges arising from global change.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Montulet2024, author = {Montulet, Orianne}, title = {Functional characterization of putative interactors of the Cellulose Synthase Complex}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {160}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The plant cell wall plays several crucial roles during plant development with its integrity acting as key signalling component for growth regulation during biotic and abiotic stresses. Cellulose microfibrils, the principal load-bearing components is the major component of the primary cell wall, whose synthesis is mediated by microtubule-associated CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) COMPLEXES (CSC). Previous studies have shown that CSC interacting proteins COMPANION OF CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CC) facilitate sustained cellulose synthesis during salt stress by promoting repolymerization of cortical microtubules. However, our understanding of cellulose synthesis during salt stress remains incomplete. In this study, a pull-down of CC1 protein led to the identification of a novel interactor, termed LEA-like. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LEA-like belongs to the LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT (LEA) protein family, specifically to the LEA_2 subgroup, showing a close relationship with the CC proteins. Roots of the double mutants lea-like and its closest homolog emb3135 exhibited hypersensitivity when grown on cellulose synthesis inhibitors. Further analysis of higher-order mutants of lea-like, emb3135, and cesa6 demonstrated a genetic interaction between them indicating a significant role in cellulose synthesis. Live-cell imaging revealed that both LEA-like and EMB3135 migrated with the CSC at the plasma membrane along microtubule tracks in control and oryzalin-treated conditions which destabilize microtubules, suggesting a tight interaction. Investigation of fluorescently labeled lines of different domains of the LEA-like protein revealed that the N-terminal cytosolic domain of LEA-like colocalizes with microtubules, suggesting a physical association between the two. Considering the established role of LEA proteins in abiotic stress tolerance, we performed phenotypic analysis of the mutant under various stresses. Growth of double mutants of lea-like and emb3135 on NaCl containing media resulted in swelling of root cell indicating a putative role in salt stress tolerance. Supportive of this the quadruple mutant, lacking LEA-like, EMB3135, CC1, and CC2 proteins, exhibited a severe root growth defect on NaCl media compared to control conditions. Live-cell imaging revealed that under salt stress, the LEA-like protein forms aggregates in the plasma membrane. In conclusion, this study has unveiled two novel interactors of the CSC that act with the CC proteins that regulate plant growth in response to salt stress providing new insights into the intricate regulation of cellulose synthesis, particularly under such conditions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Fischer2024, author = {Fischer, Florian}, title = {Hardy inequalities on graphs}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64773}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-647730}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi, 160}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die Dissertation befasst sich mit einer zentralen Ungleichung der nicht-linearen Potentialtheorie, der Hardy-Ungleichung. Sie besagt, dass das nicht-lineare Energiefunktional von unten durch eine p-te Potenz einer gewichteten p-Norm abgesch{\"a}tzt werden kann, p>1. Das Energiefunktional besteht dabei aus einem Divergenz- und einem beliebigen Potentialteil. Als zugrundeliegender Raum wurden hier lokal summierbare unendliche Graphen gew{\"a}hlt. Bisherige Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen zu Hardy-Ungleichungen auf Graphen haben vor allem den Spezialfall p=2 betrachtet, oder lokal endliche Graphen ohne Potentialteil. Zwei grundlegende Fragestellungen ergeben sich nun ganz nat{\"u}rlich: F{\"u}r welche Graphen gibt {\"u}berhaupt es eine Hardy-Ungleichung? Und, wenn es sie gibt, gibt es einen Weg um ein optimales Gewicht zu erhalten? Antworten auf diese Fragen werden in Theorem 10.1 und Theorem 12.1 gegeben. Theorem 10.1 gibt eine Reihe an Charakterisierungen an; unter anderem gibt es eine Hardy-Ungleichung auf einem Graphen genau dann, wenn es eine Greensche Funktion gibt. Theorem 12.1 gibt eine explizite Formel an, um optimale Hardy-Gewichte f{\"u}r lokal endliche Graphen unter einigen technischen Zusatzannahmen zu berechnen. In Beispielen wird gezeigt, dass Greensche Funktionen gute Kandidaten sind um in die Formel eingesetzt zu werden. Um diese beiden Theoreme beweisen zu k{\"o}nnen, m{\"u}ssen eine Vielzahl an Techniken erarbeitet werden, welche in den ersten Kapiteln behandelt werden. Dabei sind eine Verallgemeinerung der Grundzustandstransformation (Theorem 4.1), ein Agmon-Allegretto-Piepenbrink-artiges Resultat (Theorem 6.1) und das Vergleichsprinzip (Proposition 7.3) besonders hervorzuheben, da diese Resultate sehr h{\"a}ufig angewendet werden und somit das Fundament der Dissertation bilden. Es wird zudem darauf Wert gelegt die Theorie durch Beispiele zu veranschaulichen. Hierbei wird der Fokus auf die nat{\"u}rlichen Zahlen, Euklidische Gitter, B{\"a}ume und Sterne gelegt. Als Abschluss werden noch eine nicht-lineare Version der Heisenbergschen Unsch{\"a}rferelation und eine Rellich-Ungleichung aus der Hardy-Ungleichung geschlussfolgert.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{NovakovicMarinkovic2024, author = {Novakovic-Marinkovic, Nina}, title = {Optical control of bubble domains and skyrmions in thin films}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64706}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-647069}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ii, 106}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Laser induced switching offers an attractive possibility to manipulate small magnetic domains for prospective memory and logic devices on ultrashort time scales. Moreover, optical control of magnetization without high applied magnetic fields allows manipulation of magnetic domains individually and locally, without expensive heat dissipation. One of the major challenges for developing novel optically controlled magnetic memory and logic devices is reliable formation and annihilation of non-volatile magnetic domains that can serve as memory bits in ambient conditions. Magnetic skyrmions, topologically nontrivial spin textures, have been studied intensively since their discovery due to their stability and scalability in potential spintronic devices. However, skyrmion formation and, especially, annihilation processes are still not completely understood and further investigation on such mechanisms are needed. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to better understanding of the physical processes behind the optical control of magnetism in thin films, with the goal of optimizing material parameters and methods for their potential use in next generation memory and logic devices. First part of the thesis is dedicated to investigation of all-optical helicity-dependent switching (AO-HDS) as a method for magnetization manipulation. AO-HDS in Co/Pt multilayer and CoFeB alloys with and without the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), which is a type of exchange interaction, have been investigated by magnetic imaging using photo-emission electron microscopy (PEEM) in combination with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The results show that in a narrow range of the laser fluence, circularly polarized laser light induces a drag on domain walls. This enables a local deterministic transformation of the magnetic domain pattern from stripes to bubbles in out-of-plane magnetized Co/Pt multilayers, only controlled by the helicity of ultrashort laser pulses. The temperature and characteristic fields at which the stripe-bubble transformation occurs has been calculated using theory for isolated magnetic bubbles, using as parameters experimentally determined average size of stripe domains and the magnetic layer thickness. The second part of the work aims at purely optical formation and annihilation of magnetic skyrmions by a single laser pulse. The presence of a skyrmion phase in the investigated CoFeB alloys was first confirmed using a Kerr microscope. Then the helicity-dependent skyrmion manipulation was studied using AO-HDS at different laser fluences. It was found that formation or annihilation individual skyrmions using AO-HDS is possible, but not always reliable, as fluctuations in the laser fluence or position can easily overwrite the helicity-dependent effect of AO-HDS. However, the experimental results and magnetic simulations showed that the threshold values for the laser fluence for the formation and annihilation of skyrmions are different. A higher fluence is required for skyrmion formation, and existing skyrmions can be annihilated by pulses with a slightly lower fluence. This provides a further option for controlling formation and annihilation of skyrmions using the laser fluence. Micromagnetic simulations provide additional insights into the formation and annihilation mechanism. The ability to manipulate the magnetic state of individual skyrmions is of fundamental importance for magnetic data storage technologies. Our results show for the first time that the optical formation and annihilation of skyrmions is possible without changing the external field. These results enable further investigations to optimise the magnetic layer to maximise the energy gap between the formation and annihilation barrier. As a result, unwanted switching due to small laser fluctuations can be avoided and fully deterministic optical switching can be achieved.}, language = {en} } @article{CreutzigBeckerBerrilletal.2024, author = {Creutzig, Felix and Becker, Sophia and Berrill, Peter and Bongs, Constanze and Bussler, Alexandra and Cave, Ben and Constantino, Sara M. and Grant, Marcus and Heeren, Niko and Heinen, Eva and Hintz, Marie Josefine and Ingen-Housz, Timothee and Johnson, Eric and Kolleck, Nina and Liotta, Charlotte and Lorek, Sylvia and Mattioli, Giulio and Niamir, Leila and McPhearson, Timon and Milojevic-Dupont, Nikola and Nachtigall, Florian and Nagel, Kai and N{\"a}rger, Henriette and Pathak, Minal and Perrin de Brichambaut, Paola and Reckien, Diana and Reisch, Lucia A. and Revi, Aromar and Schuppert, Fabian and Sudmant, Andrew and Wagner, Felix and Walkenhorst, Janina and Weber, Elke and Wilmes, Michael and Wilson, Charlie and Zekar, Aicha}, title = {Towards a public policy of cities and human settlements in the 21st century}, series = {npj urban sustainability}, volume = {4}, journal = {npj urban sustainability}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2661-8001}, doi = {10.1038/s42949-024-00168-7}, pages = {1 -- 14}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Cities and other human settlements are major contributors to climate change and are highly vulnerable to its impacts. They are also uniquely positioned to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and lead adaptation efforts. These compound challenges and opportunities require a comprehensive perspective on the public policy of human settlements. Drawing on core literature that has driven debate around cities and climate over recent decades, we put forward a set of boundary objects that can be applied to connect the knowledge of epistemic communities and support an integrated urbanism. We then use these boundary objects to develop the Goals-Intervention-Stakeholder-Enablers (GISE) framework for a public policy of human settlements that is both place-specific and provides insights and tools useful for climate action in cities and other human settlements worldwide. Using examples from Berlin, we apply this framework to show that climate mitigation and adaptation, public health, and well-being goals are closely linked and mutually supportive when a comprehensive approach to urban public policy is applied.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kindermann2024, author = {Kindermann, Liana}, title = {Trees, shrubs, and land-use change}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64894}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-648943}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 186}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The global drylands cover nearly half of the terrestrial surface and are home to more than two billion people. In many drylands, ongoing land-use change transforms near-natural savanna vegetation to agricultural land to increase food production. In Southern Africa, these heterogenous savanna ecosystems are also recognized as habitats of many protected animal species, such as elephant, lion and large herds of diverse herbivores, which are of great value for the tourism industry. Here, subsistence farmers and livestock herder communities often live in close proximity to nature conservation areas. Although these land-use transformations are different regarding the future they aspire to, both processes, nature conservation with large herbivores and agricultural intensification, have in common, that they change the vegetation structure of savanna ecosystems, usually leading to destruction of trees, shrubs and the woody biomass they consist of. Such changes in woody vegetation cover and biomass are often regarded as forms of land degradation and forest loss. Global forest conservation approaches and international programs aim to stop degradation processes, also to conserve the carbon bound within wood from volatilization into earth's atmosphere. In search for mitigation options against global climate change savannas are increasingly discussed as potential carbon sinks. Savannas, however, are not forests, in that they are naturally shaped by and adapted to disturbances, such as wildfires and herbivory. Unlike in forests, disturbances are necessary for stable, functioning savanna ecosystems and prevent these ecosystems from forming closed forest stands. Their consequently lower levels of carbon storage in woody vegetation have long been the reason for savannas to be overlooked as a potential carbon sink but recently the question was raised if carbon sequestration programs (such as REDD+) could also be applied to savanna ecosystems. However, heterogenous vegetation structure and chronic disturbances hamper the quantification of carbon stocks in savannas, and current procedures of carbon storage estimation entail high uncertainties due to methodological obstacles. It is therefore challenging to assess how future land-use changes such as agricultural intensification or increasing wildlife densities will impact the carbon storage balance of African drylands. In this thesis, I address the research gap of accurately quantifying carbon storage in vegetation and soils of disturbance-prone savanna ecosystems. I further analyse relevant drivers for both ecosystem compartments and their implications for future carbon storage under land-use change. Moreover, I show that in savannas different carbon storage pools vary in their persistence to disturbance, causing carbon bound in shrub vegetation to be most likely to experience severe losses under land-use change while soil organic carbon stored in subsoils is least likely to be impacted by land-use change in the future. I start with summarizing conventional approaches to carbon storage assessment and where and for which reasons they fail to accurately estimated savanna ecosystem carbon storage. Furthermore, I outline which future-making processes drive land-use change in Southern Africa along two pathways of land-use transformation and how these are likely to influence carbon storage. In the following chapters, I propose a new method of carbon storage estimation which is adapted to the specific conditions of disturbance-prone ecosystems and demonstrate the advantages of this approach in relation to existing forestry methods. Specifically, I highlight sources for previous over- and underestimation of savanna carbon stocks which the proposed methodology resolves. In the following chapters, I apply the new method to analyse impacts of land-use change on carbon storage in woody vegetation in conjunction with the soil compartment. With this interdisciplinary approach, I can demonstrate that indeed both, agricultural intensification and nature conservation with large herbivores, reduce woody carbon storage above- and belowground, but partly sequesters this carbon into the soil organic carbon stock. I then quantify whole-ecosystem carbon storage in different ecosystem compartments (above- and belowground woody carbon in shrubs and trees, respectively, as well as topsoil and subsoil organic carbon) of two savanna vegetation types (scrub savanna and savanna woodland). Moreover, in a space-for-time substitution I analyse how land-use changes impact carbon storage in each compartment and in the whole ecosystem. Carbon storage compartments are found to differ in their persistence to land-use change with carbon bound in shrub biomass being least persistent to future changes and subsoil organic carbon being most stable under changing land-use. I then explore which individual land-use change effects act as drivers of carbon storage through Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) and uncover non-linear effects, especially of elephant browsing, with implications for future carbon storage. In the last chapter, I discuss my findings in the larger context of this thesis and discuss relevant implications for land-use change and future-making decisions in rural Africa.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hempel2024, author = {Hempel, Elisabeth}, title = {Resolving the evolutionary history of two hippotragin antelopes using archival and ancient DNA}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64771}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-647718}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 224}, year = {2024}, abstract = {African antelopes are iconic but surprisingly understudied in terms of their genetics, especially when it comes to their evolutionary history and genetic diversity. The age of genomics provides an opportunity to investigate evolution using whole nuclear genomes. Decreasing sequencing costs enable the recovery of multiple loci per genome, giving more power to single specimen analyses and providing higher resolution insights into species and populations that can help guide conservation efforts. This age of genomics has only recently begun for African antelopes. Many African bovids have a declining population trend and hence, are often endangered. Consequently, contemporary samples from the wild are often hard to collect. In these cases, ex situ samples from contemporary captive populations or in the form of archival or ancient DNA (aDNA) from historical museum or archaeological/paleontological specimens present a great research opportunity with the latter two even offering a window to information about the past. However, the recovery of aDNA is still considered challenging from regions with prevailing climatic conditions that are deemed adverse for DNA preservation like the African continent. This raises the question if DNA recovery from fossils as old as the early Holocene from these regions is possible. This thesis focuses on investigating the evolutionary history and genetic diversity of two species: the addax (Addax nasomaculatus) and the blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus). The addax is critically endangered and might even already be extinct in the wild, while the blue antelope became extinct ~1800 AD, becoming the first extinct large African mammal species in historical times. Together, the addax and the blue antelope can inform us about current and past extinction events and the knowledge gained can help guide conservation efforts of threatened species. The three studies used ex situ samples and present the first nuclear whole genome data for both species. The addax study used historical museum specimens and a contemporary sample from a captive population. The two studies on the blue antelope used mainly historical museum specimens but also fossils, and resulted in the recovery of the oldest paleogenome from Africa at that time. The aim of the first study was to assess the genetic diversity and the evolutionary history of the addax. It found that the historical wild addax population showed only limited phylogeographic structuring, indicating that the addax was a highly mobile and panmictic population and suggesting that the current European captive population might be missing the majority of the historical mitochondrial diversity. It also found the nuclear and mitochondrial diversity in the addax to be rather low compared to other wild ungulate species. Suggestions on how to best save the remaining genetic diversity are presented. The European zoo population was shown to exhibit no or only minor levels of inbreeding, indicating good prospects for the restoration of the species in the wild. The trajectory of the addax's effective population size indicated a major bottleneck in the late Pleistocene and a low effective population size well before recent human impact led to the species being critically endangered today. The second study set out to investigate the identities of historical blue antelope specimens using aDNA techniques. Results showed that six out of ten investigated specimens were misidentified, demonstrating the blue antelope to be one of the scarcest mammal species in historical natural history collections, with almost no bone reference material. The preliminary analysis of the mitochondrial genomes suggested a low diversity and hence low population size at the time of the European colonization of southern Africa. Study three presents the results of the analyses of two blue antelope nuclear genomes, one ~200 years old and another dating to the early Holocene, 9,800-9,300 cal years BP. A fossil-calibrated phylogeny dated the divergence time of the three historically extant Hippotragus species to ~2.86 Ma and demonstrated the blue and the sable antelope (H. niger) to be sister species. In addition, ancient gene flow from the roan (H. equinus) into the blue antelope was detected. A comparison with the roan and the sable antelope indicated that the blue antelope had a much lower nuclear diversity, suggesting a low population size since at least the early Holocene. This concurs with findings from the fossil record that show a considerable decline in abundance after the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Moreover, it suggests that the blue antelope persisted throughout the Holocene regardless of a low population size, indicating that human impact in the colonial era was a major factor in the blue antelope's extinction. This thesis uses aDNA analyses to provide deeper insights into the evolutionary history and genetic diversity of the addax and the blue antelope. Human impact likely was the main driver of extinction in the blue antelope, and is likely the main factor threatening the addax today. This thesis demonstrates the value of ex situ samples for science and conservation, and suggests to include genetic data for conservation assessments of species. It further demonstrates the beneficial use of aDNA for the taxonomic identification of historically important specimens in natural history collections. Finally, the successful retrieval of a paleogenome from the early Holocene of Africa using shotgun sequencing shows that DNA retrieval from samples of that age is possible from regions generally deemed unfavorable for DNA preservation, opening up new research opportunities. All three studies enhance our knowledge of African antelopes, contributing to the general understanding of African large mammal evolution and to the conservation of these and similarly threatened species.}, language = {en} } @misc{Reimann2024, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Reimann, Hans}, title = {Towards robust inference for Bayesian filtering of linear Gaussian dynamical systems subject to additive change}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64946}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-649469}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ix, 156}, year = {2024}, abstract = {State space models enjoy wide popularity in mathematical and statistical modelling across disciplines and research fields. Frequent solutions to problems of estimation and forecasting of a latent signal such as the celebrated Kalman filter hereby rely on a set of strong assumptions such as linearity of system dynamics and Gaussianity of noise terms. We investigate fallacy in mis-specification of the noise terms, that is signal noise and observation noise, regarding heavy tailedness in that the true dynamic frequently produces observation outliers or abrupt jumps of the signal state due to realizations of these heavy tails not considered by the model. We propose a formalisation of observation noise mis-specification in terms of Huber's ε-contamination as well as a computationally cheap solution via generalised Bayesian posteriors with a diffusion Stein divergence loss resulting in the diffusion score matching Kalman filter - a modified algorithm akin in complexity to the regular Kalman filter. For this new filter interpretations of novel terms, stability and an ensemble variant are discussed. Regarding signal noise mis-specification, we propose a formalisation in the frame work of change point detection and join ideas from the popular CUSUM algo- rithm with ideas from Bayesian online change point detection to combine frequent reliability constraints and online inference resulting in a Gaussian mixture model variant of multiple Kalman filters. We hereby exploit open-end sequential probability ratio tests on the evidence of Kalman filters on observation sub-sequences for aggregated inference under notions of plausibility. Both proposed methods are combined to investigate the double mis-specification problem and discussed regarding their capabilities in reliable and well-tuned uncertainty quantification. Each section provides an introduction to required terminology and tools as well as simulation experiments on the popular target tracking task and the non-linear, chaotic Lorenz-63 system to showcase practical performance of theoretical considerations.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bryant2024, author = {Bryant, Seth}, title = {Aggregation and disaggregation in flood risk models}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-65095}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-650952}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ix, 116}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Floods continue to be the leading cause of economic damages and fatalities among natural disasters worldwide. As future climate and exposure changes are projected to intensify these damages, the need for more accurate and scalable flood risk models is rising. Over the past decade, macro-scale flood risk models have evolved from initial proof-of-concepts to indispensable tools for decision-making at global-, nationaland, increasingly, the local-level. This progress has been propelled by the advent of high-performance computing and the availability of global, space-based datasets. However, despite such advancements, these models are rarely validated and consistently fall short of the accuracy achieved by high-resolution local models. While capabilities have improved, significant gaps persist in understanding the behaviours of such macro-scale models, particularly their tendency to overestimate risk. This dissertation aims to address such gaps by examining the scale transfers inherent in the construction and application of coarse macroscale models. To achieve this, four studies are presented that, collectively, address exposure, hazard, and vulnerability components of risk affected by upscaling or downscaling. The first study focuses on a type of downscaling where coarse flood hazard inundation grids are enhanced to a finer resolution. While such inundation downscaling has been employed in numerous global model chains, ours is the first study to focus specifically on this component, providing an evaluation of the state of the art and a novel algorithm. Findings demonstrate that our novel algorithm is eight times faster than existing methods, offers a slight improvement in accuracy, and generates more physically coherent flood maps in hydraulically challenging regions. When applied to a case study, the algorithm generated a 4m resolution inundation map from 30m hydrodynamic model outputs in 33 s, a 60-fold improvement in runtime with a 25\% increase in RMSE compared with direct hydrodynamic modelling. All evaluated downscaling algorithms yielded better accuracy than the coarse hydrodynamic model when compared to observations, demonstrating similar limits of coarse hydrodynamic models reported by others. The substitution of downscaling into flood risk model chains, in place of high-resolution modelling, can drastically improve the lead time of impactbased forecasts and the efficiency of hazard map production. With downscaling, local regions could obtain high resolution local inundation maps by post-processing a global model without the need for expensive modelling or expertise. The second study focuses on hazard aggregation and its implications for exposure, investigating implicit aggregations commonly used to intersect hazard grids with coarse exposure models. This research introduces a novel spatial classification framework to understand the effects of rescaling flood hazard grids to a coarser resolution. The study derives closed-form analytical solutions for the location and direction of bias from flood grid aggregation, showing that bias will always be present in regions near the edge of inundation. For example, inundation area will be positively biased when water depth grids are aggregated, while volume will be negatively biased when water elevation grids are aggregated. Extending the analysis to effects of hazard aggregation on building exposure, this study shows that exposure in regions at the edge of inundation are an order of magnitude more sensitive to aggregation errors than hazard alone. Among the two aggregation routines considered, averaging water surface elevation grids better preserved flood depths at buildings than averaging of water depth grids. The study provides the first mathematical proof and generalizeable treatment of flood hazard grid aggregation, demonstrating important mechanisms to help flood risk modellers understand and control model behaviour. The final two studies focus on the aggregation of vulnerability models or flood damage functions, investigating the practice of applying per-asset functions to aggregate exposure models. Both studies extend Jensen's inequality, a well-known 1906 mathematical proof, to demonstrate how the aggregation of flood damage functions leads to bias. Applying Jensen's proof in this new context, results show that typically concave flood damage functions will introduce a positive bias (overestimation) when aggregated. This behaviour was further investigated with a simulation experiment including 2 million buildings in Germany, four global flood hazard simulations and three aggregation scenarios. The results show that positive aggregation bias is not distributed evenly in space, meaning some regions identified as "hot spots of risk" in assessments may in fact just be hot spots of aggregation bias. This study provides the first application of Jensen's inequality to explain the overestimates reported elsewhere and advice for modellers to minimize such artifacts. In total, this dissertation investigates the complex ways aggregation and disaggregation influence the behaviour of risk models, focusing on the scale-transfers underpinning macro-scale flood risk assessments. Extending a key finding of the flood hazard literature to the broader context of flood risk, this dissertation concludes that all else equal, coarse models overestimate risk. This dissertation goes beyond previous studies by providing mathematical proofs for how and where such bias emerges in aggregation routines, offering a mechanistic explanation for coarse model overestimates. It shows that this bias is spatially heterogeneous, necessitating a deep understanding of how rescaling may bias models to effectively reduce or communicate uncertainties. Further, the dissertation offers specific recommendations to help modellers minimize scale transfers in problematic regions. In conclusion, I argue that such aggregation errors are epistemic, stemming from choices in model structure, and therefore hold greater potential and impetus for study and mitigation. This deeper understanding of uncertainties is essential for improving macro-scale flood risk models and their effectiveness in equitable, holistic, and sustainable flood management.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kucharzewski2024, author = {Kucharzewski, Tim}, title = {Wars and the world}, publisher = {Cambridge Scholars Publishing}, address = {Newcastle upon Tyne}, isbn = {978-1-0364-0374-4}, pages = {xxi, 509}, year = {2024}, abstract = {This book offers a descriptive analysis of the Soviet/Russian wars in Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Georgia, as well as an in-depth exploration of the ways in which these wars are framed in the collective consciousness created by global popular culture. Russian and Western modalities of remembrance have been, and remain, engaged in a world war that takes place (not exclusively, but intensively) on the level of popular culture. The action/reaction dynamic, confrontational narratives and othering between the two "camps" never ceased. The Cold War, in many ways and contrary to the views of many others who hoped for the end of history, never really ended.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Odanga2024, author = {Odanga, Denish Otieno}, title = {Phobic cosmopolitanism}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi ; 211}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Heckenbach2024, author = {Heckenbach, Esther Lina}, title = {Geodynamic modeling of process interactions at continental plate boundaries}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64750}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-647500}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {127}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Plate tectonic boundaries constitute the suture zones between tectonic plates. They are shaped by a variety of distinct and interrelated processes and play a key role in geohazards and georesource formation. Many of these processes have been previously studied, while many others remain unaddressed or undiscovered. In this work, the geodynamic numerical modeling software ASPECT is applied to shed light on further process interactions at continental plate boundaries. In contrast to natural data, geodynamic modeling has the advantage that processes can be directly quantified and that all parameters can be analyzed over the entire evolution of a structure. Furthermore, processes and interactions can be singled out from complex settings because the modeler has full control over all of the parameters involved. To account for the simplifying character of models in general, I have chosen to study generic geological settings with a focus on the processes and interactions rather than precisely reconstructing a specific region of the Earth. In Chapter 2, 2D models of continental rifts with different crustal thicknesses between 20 and 50 km and extension velocities in the range of 0.5-10 mm/yr are used to obtain a speed limit for the thermal steady-state assumption, commonly employed to address the temperature fields of continental rifts worldwide. Because the tectonic deformation from ongoing rifting outpaces heat conduction, the temperature field is not in equilibrium, but is characterized by a transient, tectonically-induced heat flow signal. As a result, I find that isotherm depths of the geodynamic evolution models are shallower than a temperature distribution in equilibrium would suggest. This is particularly important for deep isotherms and narrow rifts. In narrow rifts, the magnitude of the transient temperature signal limits a well-founded applicability of the thermal steady-state assumption to extension velocities of 0.5-2 mm/yr. Estimation of the crustal temperature field affects conclusions on all temperature-dependent processes ranging from mineral assemblages to the feasible exploitation of a geothermal reservoir. In Chapter 3, I model the interactions of different rheologies with the kinematics of folding and faulting using the example of fault-propagation folds in the Andean fold-and-thrust belt. The evolution of the velocity fields from geodynamic models are compared with those from trishear models of the same structure. While the latter use only geometric and kinematic constraints of the main fault, the geodynamic models capture viscous, plastic, and elastic deformation in the entire model domain. I find that both models work equally well for early, and thus relatively simple stages of folding and faulting, while results differ for more complex situations where off-fault deformation and secondary faulting are present. As fault-propagation folds can play an important role in the formation of reservoirs, knowledge of fluid pathways, for example via fractures and faults, is crucial for their characterization. Chapter 4 deals with a bending transform fault and the interconnections between tectonics and surface processes. In particular, the tectonic evolution of the Dead Sea Fault is addressed where a releasing bend forms the Dead Sea pull-apart basin, while a restraining bend further to the North resulted in the formation of the Lebanese mountains. I ran 3D coupled geodynamic and surface evolution models that included both types of bends in a single setup. I tested various randomized initial strain distributions, showing that basin asymmetry is a consequence of strain localization. Furthermore, by varying the surface process efficiency, I find that the deposition of sediment in the pull-apart basin not only controls basin depth, but also results in a crustal flow component that increases uplift at the restraining bend. Finally, in Chapter 5, I present the computational basis for adding further complexity to plate boundary models in ASPECT with the implementation of earthquake-like behavior using the rate-and-state friction framework. Despite earthquakes happening on a relatively small time scale, there are many interactions between the seismic cycle and the long time spans of other geodynamic processes. Amongst others, the crustal state of stress as well as the presence of fluids or changes in temperature may alter the frictional behavior of a fault segment. My work provides the basis for a realistic setup of involved structures and processes, which is therefore important to obtain a meaningful estimate for earthquake hazards. While these findings improve our understanding of continental plate boundaries, further development of geodynamic software may help to reveal even more processes and interactions in the future.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schifferle2024, author = {Schifferle, Lukas}, title = {Optical properties of (Mg,Fe)O at high pressure}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62216}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622166}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIV, 90}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Large parts of the Earth's interior are inaccessible to direct observation, yet global geodynamic processes are governed by the physical material properties under extreme pressure and temperature conditions. It is therefore essential to investigate the deep Earth's physical properties through in-situ laboratory experiments. With this goal in mind, the optical properties of mantle minerals at high pressure offer a unique way to determine a variety of physical properties, in a straight-forward, reproducible, and time-effective manner, thus providing valuable insights into the physical processes of the deep Earth. This thesis focusses on the system Mg-Fe-O, specifically on the optical properties of periclase (MgO) and its iron-bearing variant ferropericlase ((Mg,Fe)O), forming a major planetary building block. The primary objective is to establish links between physical material properties and optical properties. In particular the spin transition in ferropericlase, the second-most abundant phase of the lower mantle, is known to change the physical material properties. Although the spin transition region likely extends down to the core-mantle boundary, the ef-fects of the mixed-spin state, where both high- and low-spin state are present, remains poorly constrained. In the studies presented herein, we show how optical properties are linked to physical properties such as electrical conductivity, radiative thermal conductivity and viscosity. We also show how the optical properties reveal changes in the chemical bonding. Furthermore, we unveil how the chemical bonding, the optical and other physical properties are affected by the iron spin transition. We find opposing trends in the pres-sure dependence of the refractive index of MgO and (Mg,Fe)O. From 1 atm to ~140 GPa, the refractive index of MgO decreases by ~2.4\% from 1.737 to 1.696 (±0.017). In contrast, the refractive index of (Mg0.87Fe0.13)O (Fp13) and (Mg0.76Fe0.24)O (Fp24) ferropericlase increases with pressure, likely because Fe Fe interactions between adjacent iron sites hinder a strong decrease of polarizability, as it is observed with increasing density in the case of pure MgO. An analysis of the index dispersion in MgO (decreasing by ~23\% from 1 atm to ~103 GPa) reflects a widening of the band gap from ~7.4 eV at 1 atm to ~8.5 (±0.6) eV at ~103 GPa. The index dispersion (between 550 and 870 nm) of Fp13 reveals a decrease by a factor of ~3 over the spin transition range (~44-100 GPa). We show that the electrical band gap of ferropericlase significantly widens up to ~4.7 eV in the mixed spin region, equivalent to an increase by a factor of ~1.7. We propose that this is due to a lower electron mobility between adjacent Fe2+ sites of opposite spin, explaining the previously observed low electrical conductivity in the mixed spin region. From the study of absorbance spectra in Fp13, we show an increasing covalency of the Fe-O bond with pressure for high-spin ferropericlase, whereas in the low-spin state a trend to a more ionic nature of the Fe-O bond is observed, indicating a bond weakening effect of the spin transition. We found that the spin transition is ultimately caused by both an increase of the ligand field-splitting energy and a decreasing spin-pairing energy of high-spin Fe2+.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Apodiakou2024, author = {Apodiakou, Anastasia}, title = {Analysis of the regulation of SDI genes, unravelling the role of the SLIM1 transcription factor, and the SNRK3.15 kinase in Arabidopsis under sulfur deprivation}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {141}, year = {2024}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dronsella2024, author = {Dronsella, Beau B.}, title = {Overcoming natural biomass limitations in gram-negative bacteria through synthetic carbon fixation}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64627}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-646273}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {174}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The carbon demands of an ever-increasing human population and the concomitant rise in net carbon emissions requires CO2 sequestering approaches for production of carbon-containing molecules. Microbial production of carbon-containing products from plant-based sugars could replace current fossil-based production. However, this form of sugar-based microbial production directly competes with human food supply and natural ecosystems. Instead, one-carbon feedstocks derived from CO2 and renewable energy were proposed as an alternative. The one carbon molecule formate is a stable, readily soluble and safe-to-store energetic mediator that can be electrochemically generated from CO2 and (excess off-peak) renewable electricity. Formate-based microbial production could represent a promising approach for a circular carbon economy. However, easy-to-engineer and efficient formate-utilizing microbes are lacking. Multiple synthetic metabolic pathways were designed for better-than-nature carbon fixation. Among them, the reductive glycine pathway was proposed as the most efficient pathway for aerobic formate assimilation. While some of these pathways have been successfully engineered in microbial hosts, these synthetic strains did so far not exceed the performance of natural strains. In this work, I engineered and optimized two different synthetic formate assimilation pathways in gram-negative bacteria to exceed the limits of a natural carbon fixation pathway, the Calvin cycle. The first chapter solidified Cupriavidus necator as a promising formatotrophic host to produce value-added chemicals. The formate tolerance of C. necator was assessed and a production pathway for crotonate established in a modularized fashion. Last, bioprocess optimization was leveraged to produce crotonate from formate at a titer of 148 mg/L. In the second chapter, I chromosomally integrated and optimized the synthetic reductive glycine pathway in C. necator using a transposon-mediated selection approach. The insertion methodology allowed selection for condition-specific tailored pathway expression as improved pathway performance led to better growth. I then showed my engineered strains to exceed the biomass yields of the Calvin cycle utilizing wildtype C. necator on formate. This demonstrated for the first time the superiority of a synthetic formate assimilation pathway and by extension of synthetic carbon fixation efforts as a whole. In chapter 3, I engineered a segment of a synthetic carbon fixation cycle in Escherichia coli. The GED cycle was proposed as a Calvin cycle alternative that does not perform a wasteful oxygenation reaction and is more energy efficient. The pathways simple architecture and reasonable driving force made it a promising candidate for enhanced carbon fixation. I created a deletion strain that coupled growth to carboxylation via the GED pathway segment. The CO2 dependence of the engineered strain and 13C-tracer analysis confirmed operation of the pathway in vivo. In the final chapter, I present my efforts of implementing the GED cycle also in C. necator, which might be a better-suited host, as it is accustomed to formatotrophic and hydrogenotrophic growth. To provide the carboxylation substrate in vivo, I engineered C. necator to utilize xylose as carbon source and created a selection strain for carboxylase activity. I verify activity of the key enzyme, the carboxylase, in the decarboxylative direction. Although CO2-dependent growth of the strain was not obtained, I showed that all enzymes required for operation of the GED cycle are active in vivo in C. necator. I then evaluate my success with engineering a linear and cyclical one-carbon fixation pathway in two different microbial hosts. The linear reductive glycine pathway presents itself as a much simpler metabolic solution for formate dependent growth over the sophisticated establishment of hard-to-balance carbon fixation cycles. Last, I highlight advantages and disadvantages of C. necator as an upcoming microbial benchmark organism for synthetic metabolism efforts and give and outlook on its potential for the future of C1-based manufacturing.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Shigeyama2024, author = {Shigeyama, Jotaro}, title = {Virtual reality at 1:1 scale in small physical spaces}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64900}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-649000}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {115}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Virtual Reality (VR) leads to the highest level of immersion if presented using a 1:1 mapping of virtual space to physical space—also known as real walking. The advent of inexpensive consumer virtual reality (VR) headsets, all capable of running inside-out position tracking, has brought VR to the home. However, many VR applications do not feature full real walking, but instead, feature a less immersive space-saving technique known as instant teleportation. Given that only 0.3\% of home users run their VR experiences in spaces more than 4m2, the most likely explanation is the lack of the physical space required for meaningful use of real walking. In this thesis, we investigate how to overcome this hurdle. We demonstrate how to run 1:1-mapped VR experiences in small physical spaces and we explore the trade-off between space and immersion. (1) We start with a space limit of 15cm. We present DualPanto, a device that allows (blind) VR users to experience the virtual world from a 1:1 mapped bird's eye perspective—by leveraging haptics. (2) We then relax our space constraints to 50cm, which is what seated users (e.g., on an airplane or train ride) have at their disposal. We leverage the space to represent a standing user in 1:1 mapping, while only compressing the user's arm movement. We demonstrate our 4 prototype VirtualArms at the example of VR experiences limited to arm movement, such as boxing. (3) Finally, we relax our space constraints further to 3m2 of walkable space, which is what 75\% of home users have access to. As well- established in the literature, we implement real walking with the help of portals, also known as "impossible spaces". While impossible spaces on such dramatic space constraints tend to degenerate into incomprehensible mazes (as demonstrated, for example, by "TraVRsal"), we propose plausibleSpaces: presenting meaningful virtual worlds by adapting various visual elements to impossible spaces. Our techniques push the boundary of spatially meaningful VR interaction in various small spaces. We see further future challenges for new design approaches to immersive VR experiences for the smallest physical spaces in our daily life.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mayer2024, author = {Mayer, Selina}, title = {Understanding the impact of design thinking on organizations and individuals}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-65154}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-651541}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 125}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Organizations are investing billions on innovation and agility initiatives to stay competitive in their increasingly uncertain business environments. Design Thinking, an innovation approach based on human-centered exploration, ideation and experimentation, has gained increasing popularity. The market for Design Thinking, including software products and general services, is projected to reach 2.500 million \$ (US-Dollar) by 2028. A dispersed set of positive outcomes have been attributed to Design Thinking. However, there is no clear understanding of what exactly comprises the impact of Design Thinking and how it is created. To support a billion-dollar market, it is essential to understand the value Design Thinking is bringing to organizations not only to justify large investments, but to continuously improve the approach and its application. Following a qualitative research approach combined with results from a systematic literature review, the results presented in this dissertation offer a structured understanding of Design Thinking impact. The results are structured along two main perspectives of impact: the individual and the organizational perspective. First, insights from qualitative data analysis demonstrate that measuring and assessing the impact of Design Thinking is currently one central challenge for Design Thinking practitioners in organizations. Second, the interview data revealed several effects Design Thinking has on individuals, demonstrating how Design Thinking can impact boundary management behaviors and enable employees to craft their jobs more actively. Contributing to innovation management research, the work presented in this dissertation systematically explains the Design Thinking impact, allowing other researchers to both locate and integrate their work better. The results of this research advance the theoretical rigor of Design Thinking impact research, offering multiple theoretical underpinnings explaining the variety of Design Thinking impact. Furthermore, this dissertation contains three specific propositions on how Design Thinking creates an impact: Design Thinking creates an impact through integration, enablement, and engagement. Integration refers to how Design Thinking enables organizations through effectively combining things, such as for example fostering balance between exploitation and exploration activities. Through Engagement, Design Thinking impacts organizations involving users and other relevant stakeholders in their work. Moreover, Design Thinking creates impact through Enablement, making it possible for individuals to enact a specific behavior or experience certain states. By synthesizing multiple theoretical streams into these three overarching themes, the results of this research can help bridge disciplinary boundaries, for example between business, psychology and design, and enhance future collaborative research. Practitioners benefit from the results as multiple desirable outcomes are detailed in this thesis, such as successful individual job crafting behaviors, which can be expected from practicing Design Thinking. This allows practitioners to enact more evidence-based decision-making concerning Design Thinking implementation. Overall, considering multiple levels of impact as well as a broad range of theoretical underpinnings are paramount to understanding and fostering Design Thinking impact.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Friese2024, author = {Friese, Sharleen}, title = {Trace elements and genomic instability in the murine brain}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XV, 112, XXI}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The trace elements copper, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc are essential micronutrients involved in various cellular processes, all with different responsibilities. Based on that importance, their concentrations are tightly regulated in mammalian organisms. The maintenance of those levels is termed trace element homeostasis and mediated by a combination of processes regulating absorption, cellular and systemic transport mechanisms, storage and effector proteins as well as excretion. Due to their chemical properties, some functions of trace elements overlap, as seen in antioxidative defence, for example, comprising an expansive spectrum of antioxidative proteins and molecules. Simultaneously, the same is true for regulatory mechanisms, causing trace elements to influence each other's homeostases. To mimic physiological conditions, trace elements should therefore not be evaluated separately but considered in parallel. While many of these homeostatic mechanisms are well-studied, for some elements new pathways are still discovered. Additionally, the connections between dietary trace element intake, trace element status and health are not fully unraveled, yet. With current demographic developments, also the influence of ageing as well as of certain pathological conditions is of increasing interest. Here, the TraceAge research unit was initiated, aiming to elucidate the homeostases of and interactions between essential trace elements in healthy and diseased elderly. While human cohort studies can offer insights into trace element profiles, also in vivo model organisms are used to identify underlying molecular mechanisms. This is achieved by a set of feeding studies including mice of various age groups receiving diets of reduced trace element content. To account for cognitive deterioration observed with ageing, neurodegenerative diseases, as well as genetic mutations triggering imbalances in cerebral trace element concentrations, one TraceAge work package focuses on trace elements in the murine brain, specifically the cerebellum. In that context, concentrations of the five essential trace elements of interest, copper, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc, were quantified via inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry, revealing differences in priority of trace element homeostases between brain and liver. Upon moderate reduction of dietary trace element supply, cerebellar concentrations of copper and manganese deviated from those in adequately supplied animals. By further reduction of dietary trace element contents, also concentrations of cerebellar iron and selenium were affected, but not as strong as observed in liver tissue. In contrast, zinc concentrations remained stable. Investigation of aged mice revealed cerebellar accumulation of copper and iron, possibly contributing to oxidative stress on account of their redox properties. Oxidative stress affects a multitude of cellular components and processes, among them, next to proteins and lipids, also the DNA. Direct insults impairing its integrity are of relevance here, but also indirect effects, mediated by the machinery ensuring genomic stability and its functionality. The system includes the DNA damage response, comprising detection of endogenous and exogenous DNA lesions, decision on subsequent cell fate and enabling DNA repair, which presents another pillar of genomic stability maintenance. Also in proteins of this machinery, trace elements act as cofactors, shaping the hypothesis of impaired genomic stability maintenance under conditions of disturbed trace element homeostasis. To investigate this hypothesis, a variety of approaches was used, applying OECD guidelines Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, adapting existing protocols for use in cerebellum tissue and establishing new methods. In order to assess the impact of age and dietary trace element depletion on selected endpoints estimating genomic instability, DNA damage and DNA repair were investigated. DNA damage analysis, in particular of DNA strand breaks and oxidatively modified DNA bases, revealed stable physiological levels which were neither affected by age nor trace element supply. To examine whether this is a result of increased repair rates, two steps characteristic for base excision repair, namely DNA incision and ligation activity, were studied. DNA glycosylases and DNA ligases were not reduced in their activity by age or trace element depletion, either. Also on the level of gene expression, major proteins involved in genomic stability maintenance were analysed, mirroring results obtained from protein studies. To conclude, the present work describes homeostatic regulation of trace elements in the brain, which, in absence of genetic mutations, is able to retain physiological levels even under conditions of reduced trace element supply to a certain extent. This is reflected by functionality of genomic stability maintenance mechanisms, illuminating the prioritization of the brain as vital organ.}, language = {en} } @techreport{SiedlerAngerChristophetal.2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Siedler, Thomas and Anger, Silke and Christoph, Bernhard and Galkiewicz, Agata Danuta and Margaryan, Shushanik and Peter, Frauke and Sandner, Malte}, title = {War, international spillovers, and adolescents}, series = {Discussion paper series}, volume = {16921}, journal = {Discussion paper series}, publisher = {IZA}, address = {Bonn}, issn = {2365-9793}, pages = {43}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Using novel longitudinal data, this paper studies the short- and medium-term effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 on social trust of adolescents in Germany. Comparing adolescents who responded to our survey shortly before the start of the war with those who responded shortly after the conflict began and applying difference-in-differences (DiD) models over time, we find a significant decline in the outcome after the war started. These findings provide new evidence on how armed conflicts influence social trust and well-being among young people in a country not directly involved in the war.}, language = {en} } @article{AngerChristophGalkiewiczetal.2024, author = {Anger, Silke and Christoph, Bernhard and Galkiewicz, Agata and Margaryan, Shushanik and Peter, Frauke and Sandner, Malte and Siedler, Thomas}, title = {War, international spillovers, and adolescents}, series = {Journal of Economic Behavior \& Organization}, volume = {224}, journal = {Journal of Economic Behavior \& Organization}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0167-2681}, doi = {10.1016/j.jebo.2024.03.009}, pages = {181 -- 193}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Using novel longitudinal data, this paper studies the short- and medium-term effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 on social trust of adolescents in Germany. Comparing adolescents who responded to our survey shortly before the start of the war with those who responded shortly after the conflict began and applying difference-in-differences (DiD) models over time, we find a significant decline in the outcome after the war started. These findings provide new evidence on how armed conflicts influence social trust and well-being among young people in a country not directly involved in the war.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Karakas2024, author = {Karakas, Esra}, title = {High-resolution studies of epistasis in tomato metabolism}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {137}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The inclusion of exotic germplasm serves as a crucial means to enhance allelic and consequently phenotypic diversity in inbred crop species. Such species have experienced a reduction in diversity due to artificial selection focused on a limited set of traits. The natural biodiversity within ecosystems presents an opportunity to explore various traits influencing plant survival, reproductive fitness and yield potential. In agricultural research, the study of wild species closely related to cultivated plants serves as a means to comprehend the genetic foundations of past domestication events and the polymorphisms essential for future breeding efforts to develop superior varieties. In order to examine the metabolic composition, pinpoint quantitative trait loci (QTL) and facilitate their resolution an extensive large-scale analysis of metabolic QTL (mQTL) was conducted on tomato backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from a cross between the wild species S. pennellii (5240) incorporated into the background of S. lycopersicum cv. LEA determinate inbred which can be grown in open fields and cv. TOP indeterminate which can be grown in greenhouse conditions. A large number of mQTL associated with primary secondary and lipid metabolism in fruit were identified across the two BIL populations. Epistasis, the interactions between genes at different loci, has been an interest in molecular and quantitative genetics for many decades. The study of epistasis requires the analysis of very large populations with multiple independent genotypes that carry specific genomic regions. In order to understand the genetic basis of tomato fruit metabolism, I extended the work to investigate epistatic interactions of the genomic regions. In addition, two candidate genes were identified through quantitative trait loci underlying fruit-specific sucrose and jasmonic acid derivatives. Finally, in this study, I assessed the genetic framework of fruit metabolic traits with a high level of detail, utilizing the newly created Solanum pennellii (5240) backcrossed introgression lines (n=3000). This investigation resulted in the discovery of promising candidate loci associated with significant fruit quality traits, including those to the abundance of glutamic acid and aspartic acid crucial elements contributing to the development of acidity and flavors.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuchaEngelsWhibleyetal.2024, author = {Mucha, Anne and Engels, James J. and Whibley, Fred and Uegaki, Wataru and Wamsley, James C. and Dawson, Virginia and Gruzdeva, Anastasija and Alhazova, Anna and Golovnina, Anna and Nasyrova, Regina and Sadkovsky, Feudor and Weingartz, Siena and Hohaus, Vera and Cisse, Ousmane and Coppock, Elizabeth and Agodio, Badiba Olivier and Jenks, Peter and Sande, Hannah and Zimmermann, Malte and Berezovskaya, Polina and Chen, Sihwei and Renans, Agata}, title = {Proceedings of TripleA 10}, series = {Proceedings of TripleA}, booktitle = {Proceedings of TripleA}, editor = {Lecavelier des Etangs-Levallois, Jeanne and Geick, Niklas and Grubic, Mira and Bharadwaj, Prarthanaa and Zimmermann, Malte}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-64798}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-647980}, pages = {iv, 158}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The TripleA workshop series was founded in 2014 by linguists from Potsdam and T{\"u}bingen with the aim of providing a platform for researchers that conduct theoretically-informed linguistic fieldwork on meaning. Its focus is particularly on languages that are under-represented in the current research landscape, including but not limited to languages of Africa, Asia, and Australia, hence TripleA. For its 10th anniversary, TripleA returned to the University of Potsdam on the 7-9th of June 2023. The programme included 21 talks dealing with no less than 22 different languages, including three invited talks given by Sihwei Chen (Academia Sinica), J{\´e}r{\´e}my Pasquereau (Laboratoire de Linguistique de Nantes, CNRS) and Agata Renans (Ruhr-Universit{\"a}t Bochum). Nine of these (invited or peer-reviewed) talks are featured in this volume.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mirzaee2024, author = {Mirzaee, Zohreh}, title = {Ecology and phylogeny of Mantodea of Iran and adjacent areas}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-65273}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-652739}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {187}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Mantodea, commonly known as mantids, have captivated researchers owing to their enigmatic behavior and ecological significance. This order comprises a diverse array of predatory insects, boasting over 2,400 species globally and inhabiting a wide spectrum of ecosystems. In Iran, the mantid fauna displays remarkable diversity, yet numerous facets of this fauna remain poorly understood, with a significant dearth of systematic and ecological research. This substantial knowledge gap underscores the pressing need for a comprehensive study to advance our understanding of Mantodea in Iran and its neighboring regions. The principal objective of this investigation was to delve into the ecology and phylogeny of Mantodea within these areas. To accomplish this, our research efforts concentrated on three distinct genera within Iranian Mantodea. These genera were selected due to their limited existing knowledge base and feasibility for in-depth study. Our comprehensive methodology encompassed a multifaceted approach, integrating morphological analysis, molecular techniques, and ecological observations. Our research encompassed a comprehensive revision of the genus Holaptilon, resulting in the description of four previously unknown species. This extensive effort substantially advanced our understanding of the ecological roles played by Holaptilon and refined its systematic classification. Furthermore, our investigation into Nilomantis floweri expanded its known distribution range to include Iran. By conducting thorough biological assessments, genetic analyses, and ecological niche modeling, we obtained invaluable insights into distribution patterns and genetic diversity within this species. Additionally, our research provided a thorough comprehension of the life cycle, behaviors, and ecological niche modeling of Blepharopsis mendica, shedding new light on the distinctive characteristics of this mantid species. Moreover, we contributed essential knowledge about parasitoids that infect mantid ootheca, laying the foundation for future studies aimed at uncovering the intricate mechanisms governing ecological and evolutionary interactions between parasitoids and Mantodea.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-47803, title = {The human right to a dignified existence in an international context}, series = {Schriften des MenschenRechtsZentrums der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam ; 46}, journal = {Schriften des MenschenRechtsZentrums der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam ; 46}, editor = {Gunnarson, Logi and M{\"u}rbe, Ulrike and Weiß, Norman}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-84875-812-8}, pages = {121}, abstract = {In ihren Beitr{\"a}gen verbinden die Autoren grunds{\"a}tzliche philosophische {\"U}berlegungen zur grundlegenden Bedeutung von Menschenw{\"u}rde f{\"u}r die Menschenrechte mit konkreteren Forderungen, wie mit der Befriedigung lebensnotwendiger Bed{\"u}rfnisse umzugehen und was zur Beendigung von Armut notwendig ist. Ihre rechtlichen und politischen Argumente st{\"u}tzen sich auf j{\"u}ngere Rechtsprechung regionaler Gerichtsh{\"o}fe und internationaler Menschenrechtsorgane. Sie berufen sich auf die Verpflichtungsdimensionen der Menschenrechte und fragen nach der Verantwortlichkeit f{\"u}r deren Umsetzung. Die Autorinnen kommen aus Universit{\"a}ten in Deutschland, der Schweiz, den Niederlanden und dem Vereinigten K{\"o}nigreich.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kuhrts, author = {Kuhrts, Lucas}, title = {The effect of Polycations on the Formation of Magnetite Nanoparticles}, address = {Potsdam}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VIII, 99}, abstract = {Nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3O4) are envisioned to find used in diverse applications, ranging from magnetic data storage, inks, ferrofluids as well as in magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery, and hyperthermia cancer treatment. Their magnetic properties strongly depend on their size and morphology, two properties that can be synthetically controlled. Achieving appropriate control under soft chemical conditions has so far remained a challenging endeavor. One proven way of exerting this desired control has been using a biomimetic approach that emulates the proteome of magnetotactic bacteria by adding poly-L-arginine in the co- precipitation of ferrous and ferric chloride. The objective of the work presented here is to understand the impact of this polycation on the formation mechanism of magnetite and, through rational design, to enhance the control we can exert on magnetite nanoparticle size and morphology. We developed a SAXS setup to temporally and structurally resolve the formation of magnetite in the presence of poly-L-arginine in situ. Using analytical scattering models, we were able to separate the scattering contribution of a low-density 5 nm iron structure from the contribution of the growing nanoparticles. We identified that the low-density iron structure is a metastable precursor to the magnetite particles and that it is electrostatically stabilized by poly-L-arginine. In a process analogous to biomineralization, the presence of the charged macromolecule thus shifts the reaction mechanism from a thermodynamically controlled one to a kinetically controlled one. We identify this shift in reactions mechanism as the cornerstone of the proposed mechanism and as the crucial step in the paradigm of this extraordinary nanoparticle morphology and size control. Based on SAXS data, theoretical considerations suggest that an observed morphological transition between spherical, solid, and sub-structured mesocrystalline magnetite nanoparticles is induced through a pH-driven change in the wettability of the nanoparticle surface. With these results, we further demonstrate that SAXS can be an invaluable tool for investigating nanoparticle formation. We were able to change particle morphology from spherically solid particles to sub-structured mesocrystals merely by changing the precipitation pH. Improving the synthesis sustainability by substituting poly-L-arginine with renewable, polysaccharide-based polycations produced at the metric ton scale, we demonstrated that the ability to alter the reaction mechanism of magnetite can be generically attributed to the presence of polycations. Through meticulous analysis and the understanding of the formation mechanism, we were able to exert precise control over particle size and morphology, by adapting crucial synthesis parameters. We were thus able to grow mesocrystals up to 200 nm and solid nanocrystals of 100 nm by adding virtually any strong polycation. We further found a way to produce stable single domain magnetite at only slightly increased alkalinity, as magnetotactic bacteria do it. Thus through the understanding of the biological system, the consecutive biomimetic synthesis of magnetite and the following understanding of the mechanism involved in the in vitro synthesis, we managed to improve the synthetic control over the co-precipitation of magnetite, coming close biomineralization of magnetite in magnetotactic bacteria. Polyanions, in both natural as well as in synthetic systems, have been in the spotlight of recent research, yet our work shows the pivotal influence polycations have on the nucleation of magnetite. This work will contribute significantly to our ability to tailor magnetite nanoparticle size and morphology; in addition, we presume it will provide us with a model system for studying biomineralization of magnetite in vitro, putting the spotlight on the important influence of polycations, which have not had the scientific attention they deserve.}, language = {en} } @article{Schneider, author = {Schneider, Angie}, title = {End-of-life and terminal carefor minors under German law}, series = {Culture and law : multidisciplinary cross-fertilization of views on the end of life}, journal = {Culture and law : multidisciplinary cross-fertilization of views on the end of life}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-7489-2127-1}, pages = {79 -- 89}, language = {en} } @incollection{VerwiebeWiesboeckReinprechtetal., author = {Verwiebe, Roland and Wiesb{\"o}ck, Laura and Reinprecht, Christoph and Haindorfer, Raimund}, title = {The economic crisis as a driver of cross-border labour mobility?}, series = {The Global Economic Crisis and Migration}, volume = {2019}, booktitle = {The Global Economic Crisis and Migration}, editor = {Zaun, Natascha and Roos, Christof}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London, New York}, isbn = {978-0-367-32192-5}, pages = {133 -- 149}, language = {en} } @misc{PueschelKlauderHenkelOberlaender, author = {P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul and Klauder, Julia and Henkel-Oberl{\"a}nder, Janin}, title = {Macrophages, Low-Grade Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia: A Mutual Ambiguous Relationship in the Development of Metabolic Diseases}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1279}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57010}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570106}, pages = {1 -- 30}, abstract = {Metabolic derangement with poor glycemic control accompanying overweight and obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages, which present a very heterogeneous population of cells, play a key role in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis, but functional alterations in the resident macrophage pool as well as newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers in the development of low-grade inflammation. While metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and tissue damage may trigger or advance pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages, the inflammation itself contributes to the development of insulin resistance and the resulting hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages express insulin receptors whose downstream signaling networks share a number of knots with the signaling pathways of pattern recognition and cytokine receptors, which shape macrophage polarity. The shared knots allow insulin to enhance or attenuate both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage responses. This supposedly physiological function may be impaired by hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in macrophages. This review discusses the mutual ambiguous relationship of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and the insulin-dependent modulation of macrophage activity with a focus on adipose tissue and liver.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Kohler, author = {Kohler, Ulrich}, title = {European Quality of Life Survey}, series = {Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research}, editor = {Michalos, Alex C.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-94-007-0752-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_939}, pages = {2014 -- 2017}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Seibert, author = {Seibert, Tanja Stefanie}, title = {The T6P pathway in Solanum tuberosum}, pages = {212}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Matic, author = {Matic, Aleksandar}, title = {Myrcene to materials}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {117}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Karimi, author = {Karimi, Marzieh}, title = {Mechanical properties of vesicle membranes in asymmetric buffer conditions}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {96}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kar, author = {Kar, Manaswita}, title = {Energy band gap tuning of halide perovskite materials from first principles}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, abstract = {Solar cells based on hybrid perovskites materials have become significantly important among the third generation photovoltaics over the last few years. The first solid state solar cell was reported in 2012. Over the years, the power conversion efficiencies of these devices have increased at a tremendous pace and this has made the perovskite solar cell devices a serious competitor in the well-established market of thin-film and wafer technologies. Over time, a large number of articles on this topic has been published in peer-reviewed journals. The presence of lead in the most efficient hybrid perovskite materials have raised questions about the possible toxicity of these devices and the extent of their environmental impact. Therefore, a lot of research has been devoted to finding alternative perovskite materials with similar or even better opto-electronic properties. An alternative strategy to improve the efficiency of thin film solar cells is to build efficient tandem cells by combining two or more perovskite materials with specifically tailored band gaps. The first step towards the development of perovskite-only tandem solar cells is to identify complementary hybrid perovskite materials with specific band gaps that maximize the efficiency of tandem solar cells. The optimal set of optical gaps for a tandem structure made of two materials is 1.9 eV and 1.0 eV. Since the electronic properties of hybrid perovskites are known to be strongly dependent on the composition and distortion of the crystal lattice, strong focus has been made towards the structure optimisation as well as the calculation of the energy band gaps of the materials using density functional theory (DFT). In an attempt to study the structure-property relationship of these perovskite materials and to find novel perovskite materials for future applications, researchers have employed computational screening procedures to study a large range of these materials by systematic replacement of the cations and anions from the prototypical perovskite. Density functional theory in particular is used as a theoretical tool, because of it's precision to determine the properties of materials and also it's computational viability in dealing with complex systems. In this thesis, the main focus is to do a systematic screening of the perovskite materials, of the composition ABX3 again by replacing the A-site, B-site and the X-site elements to find novel materials with band gaps suitable for application in tandem solar cells. As a first step towards contributing to this vibrant field of research, a high-throughput computational screening has been performed by replacing the metal and the halogen in the conventional CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites with homovalent metals and halogens to find materials in the desired range of band gaps that has already been mentioned earlier. This is achieved by performing a geometry optimisation on all the simulated structures followed by calculating their energy band gaps at the semilocal and the hybrid levels of theory. However, it is well known that the rotation of the organic cation CH3NH3 hinders the stability of these devices by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen atoms of the cation and the halogens. This causes the materials to degrade under normal temperature and pressure conditions. As an attempt to prevent these devices from being unstable, a next step has been taken where the CH3NH3 cation has been replaced by inorganic cations of similar ionic radius. This is followed by another thorough screening, similar to the previous step. The stability of the materials has been determined by using the empirical Goldschmidt tolerance factor. As a last part of the thesis, a small proportion of the inorganic cation is mixed with CH3NH3 in order to form mixed-halide perovskites. These structures are optimised and their band gaps are calculated using density functional theory in order to predict materials suitable for single junction as well as tandem solar cell devices. It is expected that the contribution made through this thesis will be helpful for the progress of perovskite solar cells in terms of efficiencies and will also allow the community to explore the different properties these materials for further progress and development.}, language = {en} } @misc{HaaseHanel, author = {Haase, Jennifer and Hanel, Paul H. P.}, title = {Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {154}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58590}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-585909}, pages = {14}, abstract = {Creative thinking is an indispensable cognitive skill that is becoming increasingly important. In the present research, we tested the impact of games on creativity and emotions in a between-subject online experiment with four conditions (N = 658). (1) participants played a simple puzzle game that allowed many solutions (priming divergent thinking); (2) participants played a short game that required one fitting solution (priming convergent thinking); (3) participants performed mental arithmetic; (4) passive control condition. Results show that divergent and convergent creativity were higher after playing games and lower after mental arithmetic. Positive emotions did not function as a mediator, even though they were also heightened after playing the games and lower after mental arithmetic. However, contrary to previous research, we found no direct effect of emotions, creative self-efficacy, and growth- vs. fixed on creative performance. We discuss practical implications for digital learning and application settings.}, language = {en} } @misc{HuberLeziusReibisetal., author = {Huber, Matthias and Lezius, Susanne and Reibis, Rona Katharina and Treszl, Andras and Kujawinska, Dorota and Jakob, Stefanie and Wegscheider, Karl and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Kreutz, Reinhold}, title = {A single nucleotide polymorphism near the CYP17A1 gene is associated with left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients under pharmacotherapy}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400074}, pages = {13}, abstract = {Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) catalyses the formation and metabolism of steroid hormones. They are involved in blood pressure (BP) regulation and in the pathogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, altered function of CYP17A1 due to genetic variants may influence BP and left ventricular mass. Notably, genome wide association studies supported the role of this enzyme in BP control. Against this background, we investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or nearby the CYP17A1 gene with BP and left ventricular mass in patients with arterial hypertension and associated cardiovascular organ damage treated according to guidelines. Patients (n = 1007, mean age 58.0 ± 9.8 years, 83\% men) with arterial hypertension and cardiac left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥40\% were enrolled in the study. Cardiac parameters of left ventricular mass, geometry and function were determined by echocardiography. The cohort comprised patients with coronary heart disease (n = 823; 81.7\%) and myocardial infarction (n = 545; 54.1\%) with a mean LVEF of 59.9\% ± 9.3\%. The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was 52.1 ± 21.2 g/m2.7 and 485 (48.2\%) patients had left ventricular hypertrophy. There was no significant association of any investigated SNP (rs619824, rs743572, rs1004467, rs11191548, rs17115100) with mean 24 h systolic or diastolic BP. However, carriers of the rs11191548 C allele demonstrated a 7\% increase in LVMI (95\% CI: 1\%-12\%, p = 0.017) compared to non-carriers. The CYP17A1 polymorphism rs11191548 demonstrated a significant association with LVMI in patients with arterial hypertension and preserved LVEF. Thus, CYP17A1 may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy in this clinical condition.}, language = {en} } @misc{TeshebaevaRoessnerEchtleretal., author = {Teshebaeva, Kanayim and Roessner, Sigrid and Echtler, Helmut Peter and Motagh, Mahdi and Wetzel, Hans-Ulrich and Molodbekov, Bolot}, title = {ALOS/PALSAR InSAR time-series analysis for detecting very slow-moving landslides in Southern Kyrgyzstan}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400083}, pages = {22}, abstract = {This study focuses on evaluating the potential of ALOS/PALSAR time-series data to analyze the activation of deep-seated landslides in the foothill zone of the high mountain Alai range in the southern Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan). Most previous field-based landslide investigations have revealed that many landslides have indicators for ongoing slow movements in the form of migrating and newly developing cracks. L-band ALOS/PALSAR data for the period between 2007 and 2010 are available for the 484 km2 area in this study. We analyzed these data using the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) time-series technique to assess the surface deformation related to the activation of landslides. We observed up to ±17 mm/year of LOS velocity deformation rates, which were projected along the local steepest slope and resulted in velocity rates of up to -63 mm/year. The obtained rates indicate very slow movement of the deep-seated landslides during the observation time. We also compared these movements with precipitation and earthquake records. The results suggest that the deformation peaks correlate with rainfall in the 3 preceding months and with an earthquake event. Overall, the results of this study indicated the great potential of L-band InSAR time series analysis for efficient spatiotemporal identification and monitoring of slope activations in this region of high landslide activity in Southern Kyrgyzstan.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Goa, author = {Goa, Yang}, title = {Chloroplast translational regulation during acclimation to low temperature and impact of knockouts of non-essential chloroplast tRNAs on ribosome behavior}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {124}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Guenther, author = {G{\"u}nther, Erika}, title = {Intracellular processes in magnetotactic bacteria studied by optical tools}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {113}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Trifonov, author = {Trifonov, Stefan}, title = {Diving Deeper into the Activities and Goals in the Entrepreneurial Process of Internet-enabled Startups}, series = {an activity-based Perspective in the Context of Accelerator Programs}, journal = {an activity-based Perspective in the Context of Accelerator Programs}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, language = {en} } @incollection{Fitzi, author = {Fitzi, Gregor}, title = {Populism : an ideal-typical assessment}, series = {Populism and the crisis of democracy. Volume 1. Concepts and theory}, booktitle = {Populism and the crisis of democracy. Volume 1. Concepts and theory}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-138-09136-8}, pages = {47 -- 61}, language = {en} } @incollection{Turner, author = {Turner, Bryan S.}, title = {Trump, religion and populism}, series = {Populism and the crisis of democracy. Volume 3. Migration, gender and religion}, booktitle = {Populism and the crisis of democracy. Volume 3. Migration, gender and religion}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-138-09138-2}, pages = {168 -- 179}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{ColemanMacGregorofInneregny, author = {Coleman Mac Gregor of Inneregny, Verena}, title = {Cell-autonomous and cell-non-autonomous adaptation to skeletal muscle mitochondrial stress}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {86}, language = {en} } @book{AbedjanGolabNaumannetal., author = {Abedjan, Ziawasch and Golab, Lukasz and Naumann, Felix and Papenbrock, Thorsten}, title = {Data Profiling}, series = {Synthesis lectures on data management, 52}, journal = {Synthesis lectures on data management, 52}, publisher = {Morgan \& Claypool Publishers}, address = {San Rafael}, isbn = {978-1-68173-446-0}, pages = {xviii, 136}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Gulati, author = {Gulati, Sneha}, title = {Impact of individual and combined abiotic and biotic stress on plant performance and bacterial root microbiota of tomato}, address = {Potsdam}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XV, 134}, abstract = {Nutzpflanzen sind zunehmend mit sowohl individuellem als auch kombiniertem abiotischem und biotischem Stress konfrontiert, die Wachstum und Ertrag stark beeintr{\"a}chtigen. Pflanzen sind mit einer großen Anzahl an Mikroorganismen assoziiert, die sowohl n{\"u}tzlich als auch pathogen wirken k{\"o}nnen. Aufgrund der positiven Wirkung von n{\"u}tzlichen Mikroorganismen auf Wachstum und Gesundheit von Pflanzen ist dieses Potenzial in nachhaltigen Pflanzenproduktionssystemen zu nutzen. Kenntnisse dar{\"u}ber, wie individueller und kombinierter Stress die Leistung der Pflanze einschließlich deren Mikrobiom beeinflussen, sind derzeit begrenzt. Es stellt sich daher die Frage, wie abiotische Bedingungen (Salzstress, Trockenheit) insbesondere in Kombination mit biotischem Stress (Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum) die Mikrobiota der Wurzel beeinflussen und dies die Leistung der Pflanze. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Verst{\"a}ndnis der Auswirkungen von individuellem und kombiniertem biotischem und abiotischem Stress auf die endophytische Mikrobiota der Wurzel und die Leistung der Pflanze zu verbessern. Die Untersuchungen erfolgen an der wirtschaftlich bedeutenden gartenbaulichen Kultur Tomate. Die Struktur der bakteriellen endophytischen Mikrobiota der Tomatenwurzel in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von individuellem und kombiniertem abiotischem und biotischem Stress wurde mit kulturunabh{\"a}ngigen und -abh{\"a}ngigen Methoden analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen mittels beider Methoden zeigen, dass sowohl abiotische als auch biotische Stressbedingungen signifikant die Struktur der endophytischen Mikrobiota der Wurzel ver{\"a}ndern und sich dies auf die Produktivit{\"a}t der Pflanze auswirkt. Insgesamt wurden 683 kultivierbare bakterielle Endophyten hinsichtlich ihrer pflanzenwachstumsf{\"o}rdernden (PGP) Eigenschaften in in vitro und in vivo charakterisiert. Im Ergebnis kulturabh{\"a}ngiger Analysen wurden Endophyten mit wiederholt positiver Wirkung auf das Pflanzenwachstum von Tomate unter individuellem und kombiniertem abiotischen und biotischen Stress selektiert. Die Behandlung von Pflanzen mit diesen n{\"u}tzlichen Mikroorganismen reduzierte den negativen Einfluss von Stress auf das Pflanzenwachstum. Im Weiteren k{\"o}nnen diese n{\"u}tzlichen Mikroorganismen zu Produkten f{\"u}r die Nutzung in nachhaltigen Pflanzensystemen entwickelt werden. Dazu sind jedoch weitere Untersuchungen insbesondere unter Feldbedingungen notwendig. Zuk{\"u}nftige Arbeiten sollten sich zudem auf die Verbesserung des Verst{\"a}ndnisses der Funktionen von Endophyten in der Wurzel konzentrieren. Diese Kenntnisse k{\"o}nnten die Entwicklung neuer Strategien f{\"u}r den Pflanzenschutz unterst{\"u}tzen.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mumm, author = {Mumm, Rebekka}, title = {Eat and you should grow}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {84}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Colangeli, author = {Colangeli, Pierluigi}, title = {From pond metacommunities to life in a droplet}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {126}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Huettel, author = {H{\"u}ttel, Alexandra}, title = {The role of human values in sustainable consumption}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Frede, author = {Frede, Katja}, title = {Light-modulated biosynthesis of carotenoids in Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis and the activation of Nrf2 by lutein in human retinal pigment epithelial cells}, pages = {98}, language = {en} } @periodical{OPUS4-43217, title = {Potsdam linguistic investigations}, editor = {Kosta, Peter and Haßler, Gerda and Kosta, Peter and Haßler, Gerda and Radeva-Bork, Teodora and Sch{\"u}rcks, Lilia and Thielemann, Nadine and Warditz, Vladislava Maria}, publisher = {Lang}, address = {Berlin ; Bern ; Wien}, issn = {1862-524X}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Rohn, author = {Rohn, Isabelle}, title = {Food-relevant selenium species}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {132,VIII}, language = {en} } @book{Rauschenbach, author = {Rauschenbach, Sina}, title = {Judaism for Christians}, series = {Lexington Studies in Modern Jewish History, Historiography, and Memory}, journal = {Lexington Studies in Modern Jewish History, Historiography, and Memory}, publisher = {Lexington Books}, address = {Lanham, Boulder, New York, London}, isbn = {978-1-4985-7296-5}, pages = {IX, 265}, language = {en} } @periodical{OPUS4-41951, title = {KFG Working Paper Series}, address = {Berlin}, organization = {Kolleg-Forschergruppe "The International Rule of Law - Rise or Decline?"}, issn = {2509-3770}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mitrova, author = {Mitrova, Biljana}, title = {Bioelectrochemical investigation of E. coli TMAO reductase and R. capsulatus formate dehydrogenase}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {105}, language = {en} } @techreport{FaberTipold, author = {Faber, Eike and Tipold, Marc}, title = {Justice carved into the body}, address = {Potsdam}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mahmoudi, author = {Mahmoudi, Mahdi Hedayat}, title = {New applications of the edge calculus}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {126}, language = {en} } @misc{SariatiHammamiZouhaletal., author = {Sariati, Dorsaf and Hammami, Raouf and Zouhal, Hassane and Clark, Cain Craig Truman and Nebigh, Ammar and Chtara, Moktar and Chortane, Sabri Gaied and Hackney, Anthony C. and Souissi, Nizar and Granacher, Urs and Ben Ounis, Omar}, title = {Improvement of Physical Performance Following a 6 Week Change-of-Direction Training Program in Elite Youth Soccer Players of Different Maturity Levels}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54101}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541019}, pages = {1 -- 8}, abstract = {Background: Change-of-direction (CoD) is a necessary physical ability of a field sport and may vary in youth players according to their maturation status. Objectives: The aim of this study is: to compare the effectiveness of a 6-week CoD training intervention on dynamic balance (CS-YBT), horizontal jump (5JT), speed (10 and 30-m linear sprint times), CoD with (15 m-CoD + B) and without (15 m-CoD) the ball, in youth male soccer players at different levels of maturity [pre- and post-peak height velocity (PHV)]. Materials and Methods: Thirty elite male youth soccer players aged 10-17 years from the Tunisian first division participated in this study. The players were divided into pre- (G1, n = 15) and post-PHV (G2, n = 15) groups. Both groups completed a similar 6-week training program with two sessions per week of four CoD exercises. All players completed the following tests before and after intervention: CS-YBT; 5 JT; 10, 30, and 15 m-CoD; and 15 m-CoD + B, and data were analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: All 30 players completed the study according to the study design and methodology. Adherence rate was 100\% across all groups, and no training or test-related injuries were reported. Pre-PHV and post-PHV groups showed significant amelioration post-intervention for all dependent variables (after test > before test; p < 0.01, d = 0.09-1.51). ANOVA revealed a significant group × time interaction only for CS-YBT (F = 4.45; p < 0.04; η2 = 0.14), 5JT (F = 6.39; p < 0.02; η2 = 0.18), and 15 m-CoD (F = 7.88; p < 0.01; η2 = 0.22). CS-YBT, 5JT, and 15 m-CoD improved significantly in the post-PHV group (+ 4.56\%, effect size = 1.51; + 4.51\%, effect size = 1.05; and -3.08\%, effect size = 0.51, respectively), more than the pre-PHV group (+ 2.77\%, effect size = 0.85; + 2.91\%, effect size = 0.54; and -1.56\%, effect size = 0.20, respectively). Conclusion: The CoD training program improved balance, horizontal jump, and CoD without the ball in male preadolescent and adolescent soccer players, and this improvement was greater in the post-PHV players. The maturity status of the athletes should be considered when programming CoD training for soccer players.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BatzelBaum, author = {Batzel, Katharina and Baum, Katharina}, title = {Exploring information flow on twitter: social network analysis on gender-specific sedicine}, series = {AMCIS Proceedings 2022}, booktitle = {AMCIS Proceedings 2022}, number = {1548}, publisher = {AIS}, address = {Atlanta}, isbn = {978-1-958200-00-1}, abstract = {To date, sex and gender differences play only a minor role in medical research and practice, thereby putting individuals' health at risk. Gender-specific medicine, or the practice of taking these differences into account when conducting research and treating patients so far is being discussed primarily by experts. With people increasingly using social media such as Twitter for sharing and searching for health-related information online, Twitter can potentially educate about gender-specific medicine. However, little is known about the information circulation and the structure of interactions on the Twitter network discussing this topic. Results of a network analysis show that the network exhibits a community-structure, with information exchange being limited and concentrated in silos. This indicates that there is untapped potential for acquiring new information by users through interacting with individuals outside their community. Public health officials may benefit from this insight and tailor online campaigns to enhance awareness on gender-specific medicine.}, language = {en} } @misc{HammamiChaabeneKharratetal., author = {Hammami, Raouf and Chaabene, Helmi and Kharrat, Fatma and Werfelli, Hanen and Duncan, Michael and Rebai, Haithem and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Acute effects of different balance exercise types on selected measures of physical fitness in youth female volleyball players}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {713}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51747}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517477}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Background Earlier studies have shown that balance training (BT) has the potential to induce performance enhancements in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., balance, muscle strength, power, speed). While there is ample evidence on the long-term effects of BT on components of physical fitness in youth, less is known on the short-term or acute effects of single BT sessions on selected measures of physical fitness. Objective To examine the acute effects of different balance exercise types on balance, change-of-direction (CoD) speed, and jump performance in youth female volleyball players. Methods Eleven female players aged 14 years participated in this study. Three types of balance exercises (i.e., anterior, posterolateral, rotational type) were conducted in randomized order. For each exercise, 3 sets including 5 repetitions were performed. Before and after the performance of the balance exercises, participants were tested for their static balance (center of pressure surface area [CoP SA] and velocity [CoP V]) on foam and firm surfaces, CoD speed (T-Half test), and vertical jump height (countermovement jump [CMJ] height). A 3 (condition: anterior, mediolateral, rotational balance exercise type) × 2 (time: pre, post) analysis of variance was computed with repeated measures on time. Results Findings showed no significant condition × time interactions for all outcome measures (p > 0.05). However, there were small main effects of time for CoP SA on firm and foam surfaces (both d = 0.38; all p < 0.05) with no effect for CoP V on both surface conditions (p > 0.05). For CoD speed, findings showed a large main effect of time (d = 0.91; p < 0.001). However, for CMJ height, no main effect of time was observed (p > 0.05). Conclusions Overall, our results indicated small-to-large changes in balance and CoD speed performances but not in CMJ height in youth female volleyball players, regardless of the balance exercise type. Accordingly, it is recommended to regularly integrate balance exercises before the performance of sport-specific training to optimize performance development in youth female volleyball players.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Feil, author = {Feil, Hauke}, title = {God, bad, or ugly: Does it really matter?}, address = {Potsdam}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 224}, abstract = {Each year, donor countries spend billions of Euros on development cooperation. Not surprisingly, a large strand of research has emerged which examines the impact of development cooperation. A sub-discipline within this strand of the literature deals with the question of whether the impact or effectiveness of development cooperation depends on the quality of the recipient country's policy and institutional environment. Over hundreds of studies have assessed this question at the macro level. In so doing, most of these studies test whether a potential effect of aid on the growth of a recipient country's gross domestic product (GDP) is conditional on the country's policy and institutional environment. However, even after decades of research and hundreds of studies, no conclusive result has been found. One of the main reasons for the inconclusive state of the literature is that most macro-level studies have to deal with a high risk of endogeneity, treat aid as nothing but a pure income transfer, and rely on low-quality GDP data. To solve these three methodical issues, some authors have started to change the analytical focus from the macro to the micro level. Thus, these authors assess the determinants for the performance of individual development projects instead of the determinants for an effect of aid on GDP. Yet, even though the number of studies focusing on the micro level has increased steadily over the last few years, the state of the literature on the determinants for the performance of development projects still contains multiple highly relevant research gaps. The present thesis seeks to address three of these research gaps. The first research gap addressed by this thesis is related to the specific type of development cooperation. So far, nearly all existing studies focus on projects by Multilateral Development Banks. Research on the determinants for the performance of bilateral development projects is still rare. Thus, even though donors pledge to implement effective development projects, there are hardly any micro-level studies on bilateral projects. So far, only three studies use a sample which includes bilateral projects. Yet, none of the three studies assess the determinants for the performance of bilateral technical development projects. The first paper in the present thesis (GIZ paper) seeks to address this research gap by assessing the determinants for the performance of projects by the Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), a bilateral state-owned aid agency active in the area of technical cooperation. The results of the paper indicate that some but not all of the existing theoretical arguments can be extended to bilateral technical projects as well.. For example, the level of market interventions in the recipient county only affects the performance of financial development projects, while the recipient country's government capacity affects both technical and financial development projects. The paper also indicates that effects of determinants may vary among project sectors. The paper also highlights a dilemma of technical development cooperation. The countries with low government capacity are usually the ones most in need of technical cooperation projects. But, at the same time, they are also the countries in which these projects have the poorest performance The second research gap addressed by this thesis is related to one specific factor in the policy and institutional environment of recipient countries, namely corruption. This determinant is often cited as essential for project performance but has gained surprisingly little coverage in empirical studies. The few existing studies on the effect of corruption on project performance are inconclusive. Some find a statistically significant correlation, while others do not. Furthermore, so far, all existing studies use corruption perception indices as a measurement for corruption, despite the fact that these indices have well-known deficits when it comes to this research topic. One of these deficits is that such indices do not distinguish between different forms of corruption, even though it is likely that the effect of corruption will vary depending on the type of development project and form of corruption. The second paper in this thesis (Corruption paper) seeks to address this inconclusive state of the research while focusing on one specific form of corruption, namely bribery between private firms and public officials. The paper finds a small but statistically significant correlation between the corruption level and the performance of World Bank projects. The systematic effect of corruption on project performance confirms the need to consider the risk of corruption in the design and during the implementation of projects. Nonetheless, the relatively small effect of corruption and the low pseudo R-squareds advise not to overestimate the relevance of corruption for project performance. At least for the project level, the paper finds no indication that corruption is a primary obstacle to aid effectiveness. The third research gap addressed by this thesis is related to one specific sample, namely recipient countries of the International Development Association (IDA). The question of whether the policy and institutional environment affects project performance is of particular relevance for these countries, given that the World Bank's ratings on a country's policy and institutional environment decide how much IDA resources it receives. One core justification of such an allocation system is that it helps to steer more resources to places where they are most effective. However, so far, there is no conclusive empirical evidence for this statement. The only study specifically focusing on this topic, a study by the Independent Evaluation Group of the World Bank from 2010, has essential methodological limitations. The third paper of this thesis (CPR paper) seeks to address this research gap by testing whether a more refined analysis confirms the assumption of previous studies that the policy and institutional environment of IDA-recipient countries, measured by the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment ratings, has an effect on the performance of World Bank projects. Overall, neither the main regression models nor any of the robustness tests indicate a substantial correlation between the policy and institutional environment and project performance. Only for Investments Loans is the coefficient large enough to assume some effect. The overall results not only contradict the results of previous studies, but also raise strong doubts around one of the core justifications for the allocation system of the IDA. All three papers rely on a statistical large-N analysis of the performance ratings of individual development projects. These ratings are usually assigned based on the final evaluation of a project and indicate the merit or worth of an activity. The merit or worth of an activity itself is measured by criteria like relevance, effectiveness, and efficiency. In the case of the two papers on World Bank projects, the needed data stem from different databases of the World Bank. The relevant data for the GIZ paper are gathered from internal evaluation reports of the GIZ. Logistic regressions are applied as the main analytical tool. Overall, the three papers show that the policy and institutional environment of recipient countries matters for project performance, but only to a small degree and under certain circumstances. This result highlights that many researchers and practitioners tend to overestimate the role that the policy and institutional environment of recipient countries plays in project performance. Furthermore, the thesis shows that authors of future studies should consider possible interactions between project- and country-level determinants whenever possible, both in their theoretical arguments and statistical models. Otherwise, the debate on the determinants for project performance is at risk of degenerating into a statistics tournament without any connection to reality.}, language = {en} } @misc{vandeKootSilvaFelseretal., author = {van de Koot, Hans and Silva, Renita and Felser, Claudia and Sato, Mikako}, title = {Does Dutch a-scrambling involve movement?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-398566}, pages = {38}, abstract = {The present study focuses on A-scrambling in Dutch, a local word-order alternation that typically signals the discourse-anaphoric status of the scrambled constituent. We use cross-modal priming to investigate whether an A-scrambled direct object gives rise to antecedent reactivation effects in the position where a movement theory would postulate a trace. Our results indicate that this is not the case, thereby providing support for a base-generation analysis of A-scrambling in Dutch.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bondue, author = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca}, title = {Justice Sensitivity}, address = {Potsdam}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {232}, abstract = {Individuals differ in their tendency to perceive injustice and in their responses towards these perceptions. Those high in justice sensitivity tend to show intense negative affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses towards injustice that in part also depend on the perspective from which injustice is perceived. The present research project showed that inter-individual differences in justice sensitivity may already be measured and observed in childhood and adolescence and that early adolescence seems an important age-range and developmental stage for the stabilization of these differences. Furthermore, the different justice sensitivity perspectives were related to different forms of externalizing (aggression, ADHD, bullying) and internalizing problem behavior (depressive symptoms) both in children and adolescents as well as in adults in cross-sectional studies. Particularly victim sensitivity may apparently constitute an important risk factor for a broad range of both externalizing and internalizing maladaptive behaviors and mental health problems as shown in those studies using longitudinal data. Regarding aggressive behavior, victim justice sensitivity may even constitute a risk factor above and beyond other important and well-established risk factors for aggression and similar sensitivity constructs that had previously been linked to this kind of behavior. In contrast, observer and perpetrator sensitivity (perpetrator sensitivity in particular) tended to show negative links with externalizing problem behavior and instead predicted prosocial behavior in children and adolescents. However, there were also detached positive relations of perpetrator sensitivity with emotional problems as well as of observer sensitivity with reactive aggression and depressive symptoms. Taken together, the findings from the present research show that justice sensitivity forms in childhood at the latest and that it may have important, long-term influences on pro- and antisocial behavior and mental health. Thus, justice sensitivity requires more attention in research on the prevention and intervention of mental health problems and antisocial behavior, such as aggression.}, language = {en} } @article{FanStegmannSchrappeetal., author = {Fan, Xin and Stegmann, Mikkel B. and Schrappe, Oliver and Zeidler, Steffen and Jensen, Isac G. and Thorsen, Jannich and Bjerregaard, Tobias and Krstić, Miloš}, title = {Frequency-domain optimization of digital switching noise based on clock scheduling}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I}, volume = {63}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I}, number = {7}, issn = {1549-8328}, doi = {10.1109/TCSI.2016.2546118}, pages = {982 -- 993}, abstract = {The simultaneous switching activity in digital circuits challenges the design of mixed-signal SoCs. Rather than focusing on time-domain noise voltage minimization, this work optimizes switching noise in the frequency domain. A two-tier solution based on the on-chip clock scheduling is proposed. First, to cope with the switching noise at the fundamental clock frequency, which usually dominates in terms of noise power, a two-phase clocking scheme is employed for system timing. Second, on-chip clock latencies are manipulated to target harmonic peaks in specific frequency bands for the spectral noise optimization. An automated design flow, which allows for noise optimization in user-defined application-specific frequency bands, is developed. The effectiveness of our design solution is validated by measurements of substrate noise and conductive EMI (electromagnetic interference) noise on a test chip, which consists of four wireless sensor node baseband processors each addressing a distinct clock-tree-synthesis strategy. Compared to the reference synchronous design, the proposed clock scheduling solution substantially reduces noise in the target GSM-850 band, i.e., by 11.1 dB on the substrate noise and 12.9 dB on the EMI noise, along with dramatic noise peak drops measured at the 50-MHz clock frequency.}, language = {en} } @article{KrstićWeidlingPetrovicetal., author = {Krstić, Miloš and Weidling, Stefan and Petrovic, Vladimir and Sogomonyan, Egor S.}, title = {Enhanced architectures for soft error detection and correction in combinational and sequential circuits}, series = {Microelectronics Reliability}, volume = {56}, journal = {Microelectronics Reliability}, issn = {0026-2714}, pages = {212 -- 220}, abstract = {In this paper two new methods for the design of fault-tolerant pipelined sequential and combinational circuits, called Error Detection and Partial Error Correction (EDPEC) and Full Error Detection and Correction (FEDC), are described. The proposed methods are based on an Error Detection Logic (EDC) in the combinational circuit part combined with fault tolerant memory elements implemented using fault tolerant master-slave flip-flops. If a transient error, due to a transient fault in the combinational circuit part is detected by the EDC, the error signal controls the latching stage of the flip-flops such that the previous correct state of the register stage is retained until the transient error disappears. The system can continue to work in its previous correct state and no additional recovery procedure (with typically reduced clock frequency) is necessary. The target applications are dataflow processing blocks, for which software-based recovery methods cannot be easily applied. The presented architectures address both single events as well as timing faults of arbitrarily long duration. An example of this architecture is developed and described, based on the carry look-ahead adder. The timing conditions are carefully investigated and simulated up to the layout level. The enhancement of the baseline architecture is demonstrated with respect to the achieved fault tolerance for the single event and timing faults. It is observed that the number of uncorrected single events is reduced by the EDPEC architecture by 2.36 times compared with previous solution. The FEDC architecture further reduces the number of uncorrected events to zero and outperforms the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) with respect to correction of timing faults. The power overhead of both new architectures is about 26-28\% lower than the TMR.}, language = {en} } @misc{DeekenReichertZechetal., author = {Deeken, Friederike and Reichert, Markus and Zech, Hilmar and Wenzel, Julia and Wedemeyer, Friederike and Aguilera, Alvaro and Aslan, Acelya and Bach, Patrick and Bahr, Nadja Samia and Ebrahimi, Claudia and Fischbach, Pascale Christine and Ganz, Marvin and Garbusow, Maria and Großkopf, Charlotte M. and Heigert, Marie and Hentschel, Angela and Karl, Damian and Pelz, Patricia and Pinger, Mathieu and Riemerschmid, Carlotta and Rosenthal, Annika and Steffen, Johannes and Strehle, Jens and Weiss, Franziska and Wieder, Gesine and Wieland, Alfred and Zaiser, Judith and Zimmermann, Sina and Walter, Henrik and Lenz, Bernd and Deserno, Lorenz and Smolka, Michael N. and Liu, Shuyan and Ebner-Priemer, Ulrich Walter and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.}, title = {Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Among Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns in Germany}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {805}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-57146}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571460}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Importance Alcohol consumption (AC) leads to death and disability worldwide. Ongoing discussions on potential negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on AC need to be informed by real-world evidence. Objective To examine whether lockdown measures are associated with AC and consumption-related temporal and psychological within-person mechanisms. Design, Setting, and Participants This quantitative, intensive, longitudinal cohort study recruited 1743 participants from 3 sites from February 20, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Data were provided before and within the second lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: before lockdown (October 2 to November 1, 2020); light lockdown (November 2 to December 15, 2020); and hard lockdown (December 16, 2020, to February 28, 2021). Main Outcomes and Measures Daily ratings of AC (main outcome) captured during 3 lockdown phases (main variable) and temporal (weekends and holidays) and psychological (social isolation and drinking intention) correlates. Results Of the 1743 screened participants, 189 (119 [63.0\%] male; median [IQR] age, 37 [27.5-52.0] years) with at least 2 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) yet without the need for medically supervised alcohol withdrawal were included. These individuals provided 14 694 smartphone ratings from October 2020 through February 2021. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher AC (grams of alcohol per day) on weekend days vs weekdays (β = 11.39; 95\% CI, 10.00-12.77; P < .001). Alcohol consumption was above the overall average on Christmas (β = 26.82; 95\% CI, 21.87-31.77; P < .001) and New Year's Eve (β = 66.88; 95\% CI, 59.22-74.54; P < .001). During the hard lockdown, perceived social isolation was significantly higher (β = 0.12; 95\% CI, 0.06-0.15; P < .001), but AC was significantly lower (β = -5.45; 95\% CI, -8.00 to -2.90; P = .001). Independent of lockdown, intention to drink less alcohol was associated with lower AC (β = -11.10; 95\% CI, -13.63 to -8.58; P < .001). Notably, differences in AC between weekend and weekdays decreased both during the hard lockdown (β = -6.14; 95\% CI, -9.96 to -2.31; P = .002) and in participants with severe AUD (β = -6.26; 95\% CI, -10.18 to -2.34; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance This 5-month cohort study found no immediate negative associations of lockdown measures with overall AC. Rather, weekend-weekday and holiday AC patterns exceeded lockdown effects. Differences in AC between weekend days and weekdays evinced that weekend drinking cycles decreased as a function of AUD severity and lockdown measures, indicating a potential mechanism of losing and regaining control. This finding suggests that temporal patterns and drinking intention constitute promising targets for prevention and intervention, even in high-risk individuals.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{DeCahsan, author = {De Cahsan, Binia}, title = {Introgressive hybridization in northern range margin populations of the European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina)}, address = {Potsdam}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {108}, abstract = {The European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina) is regarded as one of the most threatened species of amphibians in central Europe and is particularly affected by environmental perturbations. During the last decades population numbers in Germany have declined drastically due to pollution, eutrophication and habitat fragmentation. Illegal translocations resulted in an introgression from southern genotypes (probably Austrian) into three local Bombina populations (Northern Germany and Southern Sweden) belonging to the northern lineage of the species. Interestingly, these populations show high frequencies of allochthonous (non-local) alleles at multiple loci and outperform the autochthonous populations in terms of their body condition. Over a time period of ten years, I could show that the Southern lineage haplo- and genotypes are still present in the North and that frequencies of introgressed haplotypes in allochthonous populations did not increase over time. However, the introgression itself expanded towards adjacent populations while the overall haplotype diversity has decreased. In contrast, southern lineage genotypes for two candidate genes under selection, the (immunity) MHC class II gene, as well as the (temperature) stress response HSP70 kDa gene, either do not occur at all or only at low frequencies in northern populations. Furthermore, these alleles do not seem to follow the introgression pattern, as they are also present in non-introgressed populations. This thesis tested two possible outcomes of introgressive hybridization in Northern B. bombina populations: (1) local populations (autochthonous) of Bombina bombina are highly adapted to their environments so that introgression of alien genes causes outbreeding depression or (2) local populations of Bombina bombina potentially lack adaptive variation so that introgression of alien genes causes genetic rescue and promotes adaptive change. I found that this unintentional experiment, as a result of illegal translocations imitating introgression of alien genes coming from a southern population (potentially adapted to warmer climate) into a northern lineage (potentially adapted to local pathogens), has increased the genetic diversity and improved fitness in introgressed northern populations, without disrupting local adaptation in the threatened amphibian species B. bombina, favouring the genetic rescue hypothesis. These results and conclusions represent relevant information for future conservation plans, including supportive breeding programmes for fire-bellied toads in Northern Germany and Southern Sweden.}, language = {en} }