@article{PradhanKriewaldCostaetal.2020,
  author    = {Pradhan, Prajal and Kriewald, Steffen and Costa, Lu{\´i}s F{\´i}l{\´i}pe Carvalho da and Rybski, Diego and Benton, Tim G. and Fischer, G{\"u}nther and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Urban food systems: how regionalization can contribute to climate change mitigation},
  series = {Environmental science \& technology},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {Environmental science \& technology},
  number    = {17},
  publisher = {American Chemical Society},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0013-936X},
  doi       = {10.1021/acs.est.0c02739},
  pages     = {10551 -- 10560},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Cities will play a key role in the grand challenge of nourishing a growing global population, because, due to their population density, they set the demand. To ensure that food systems are sustainable, as well as nourishing, one solution often suggested is to shorten their supply chains toward a regional rather than a global basis. While such regional systems may have a range of costs and benefits, we investigate the mitigation potential of regionalized urban food systems by examining the greenhouse gas emissions associated with food transport. Using data on food consumption for 7108 urban administrative units (UAUs), we simulate total transport emissions for both regionalized and globalized supply chains. In regionalized systems, the UAUs' demands are fulfilled by peripheral food production, whereas to simulate global supply chains, food demand is met from an international pool (where the origin can be any location globally). We estimate that regionalized systems could reduce current emissions from food transport. However, because longer supply chains benefit from maximizing comparative advantage, this emission reduction would require closing yield gaps, reducing food waste, shifting toward diversified farming, and consuming seasonal produce. Regionalization of food systems will be an essential component to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees C in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MustinBentonDythametal.2009,
  author    = {Mustin, Karen and Benton, Tim G. and Dytham, Calvin and Travis, Justin M. J.},
  title     = {The dynamics of climate-induced range shifting : perspectives from simulation modelling},
  issn      = {0030-1299},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.17025.x},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Predicted future climate change will alter species' distributions as they attempt to track the most suitable 'climate window'. Climate envelope models indicate the direction of likely range changes but do not incorporate population dynamics, therefore observed responses may differ greatly from these projections. We use simulation modelling to explore the consequences of a period of environmental change for a species structured across an environmental gradient. Results indicate that a species' range may lag behind its climate envelope and demonstrate that the rate of movement of a range can accelerate during a period of climate change. We conclude that the inclusion of both population dynamics and spatial environmental variability is vital to develop models that can both predict, and be used to manage, the impact of changing climate on species' biogeography.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerreroThorntonMasonD'Crozetal.2020,
  author    = {Herrero, Mario and Thornton, Philip K. and Mason-D'Croz, Daniel and Palmer, Jeda and Bodirsky, Benjamin Leon and Pradhan, Prajal and Barrett, Christopher B. and Benton, Tim G. and Hall, Andrew and Pikaar, Ilje and Bogard, Jessica R. and Bonnett, Graham D. and Bryan, Brett A. and Campbell, Bruce M. and Christensen, Svend and Clark, Michael and Fanzo, Jessica and Godde, Cecile M. and Jarvis, Andy and Loboguerrero, Ana Maria and Mathys, Alexander and McIntyre, C. Lynne and Naylor, Rosamond L. and Nelson, Rebecca and Obersteiner, Michael and Parodi, Alejandro and Popp, Alexander and Ricketts, Katie and Smith, Pete and Valin, Hugo and Vermeulen, Sonja J. and Vervoort, Joost and van Wijk, Mark and van Zanten, Hannah H. E. and West, Paul C. and Wood, Stephen A. and Rockstr{\"o}m, Johan},
  title     = {Articulating the effect of food systems innovation on the Sustainable Development Goals},
  series = {The lancet Planetary health},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {The lancet Planetary health},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {2542-5196},
  doi       = {10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30277-1},
  pages     = {E50 -- E62},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Food system innovations will be instrumental to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, major innovation breakthroughs can trigger profound and disruptive changes, leading to simultaneous and interlinked reconfigurations of multiple parts of the global food system. The emergence of new technologies or social solutions, therefore, have very different impact profiles, with favourable consequences for some SDGs and unintended adverse side-effects for others. Stand-alone innovations seldom achieve positive outcomes over multiple sustainability dimensions. Instead, they should be embedded as part of systemic changes that facilitate the implementation of the SDGs. Emerging trade-offs need to be intentionally addressed to achieve true sustainability, particularly those involving social aspects like inequality in its many forms, social justice, and strong institutions, which remain challenging. Trade-offs with undesirable consequences are manageable through the development of well planned transition pathways, careful monitoring of key indicators, and through the implementation of transparent science targets at the local level.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TravisMustinBentonetal.2009,
  author    = {Travis, Justin M. J. and Mustin, Karen and Benton, Tim G. and Dytham, Calvin},
  title     = {Accelerating invasion rates result from the evolution of density-dependent dispersal},
  issn      = {0022-5193},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.008},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Evolutionary processes play an important role in shaping the dynamics of range expansions, and selection on dispersal propensity has been demonstrated to accelerate rates of advance. Previous theory has considered only the evolution of unconditional dispersal rates, but dispersal is often more complex. For example, many species emigrate in response to crowding. Here, we use an individual-based model to investigate the evolution of density dependent dispersal into empty habitat, such as during an invasion. The landscape is represented as a lattice and dispersal between Populations follows a stepping-stone pattern. Individuals carry three 'genes' that determine their dispersal strategy when experiencing different population densities. For a stationary range we obtain results consistent with previous theoretical studies: few individuals emigrate from patches that are below equilibrium density. However, during the range expansion of a previously stationary population, we observe evolution towards dispersal strategies where considerable emigration occurs well below equilibrium density. This is true even for moderate costs to dispersal, and always results in accelerating rates of range expansion. Importantly, the evolution we observe at an expanding front depends upon fitness integrated over several generations and cannot be predicted by a consideration of lifetime reproductive success alone. We argue that a better understanding of the role of density dependent dispersal, and its evolution, in driving population dynamics is required especially within the context of range expansions.},
  language  = {en}
}