@misc{RadosavljevicLantuitPollardetal.2016, author = {Radosavljevic, Boris and Lantuit, Hugues and Pollard, Wayne and Overduin, Pier Paul and Couture, Nicole and Sachs, Torsten and Helm, Veit and Fritz, Michael}, title = {Erosion and flooding-threats to coastal Infrastructure in the Arctic}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {996}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43227}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432279}, pages = {18}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Arctic coastal infrastructure and cultural and archeological sites are increasingly vulnerable to erosion and flooding due to amplified warming of the Arctic, sea level rise, lengthening of open water periods, and a predicted increase in frequency of major storms. Mitigating these hazards necessitates decision-making tools at an appropriate scale. The objectives of this paper are to provide such a tool by assessing potential erosion and flood hazards at Herschel Island, a UNESCO World Heritage candidate site. This study focused on Simpson Point and the adjacent coastal sections because of their archeological, historical, and cultural significance. Shoreline movement was analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) after digitizing shorelines from 1952, 1970, 2000, and 2011. For purposes of this analysis, the coast was divided in seven coastal reaches (CRs) reflecting different morphologies and/or exposures. Using linear regression rates obtained from these data, projections of shoreline position were made for 20 and 50 years into the future. Flood hazard was assessed using a least cost path analysis based on a high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) dataset and current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change sea level estimates. Widespread erosion characterizes the study area. The rate of shoreline movement in different periods of the study ranges from -5.5 to 2.7 m·a⁻¹ (mean -0.6 m·a⁻¹). Mean coastal retreat decreased from -0.6 m·a⁻¹ to -0.5 m·a⁻¹, for 1952-1970 and 1970-2000, respectively, and increased to -1.3 m·a⁻¹ in the period 2000-2011. Ice-rich coastal sections most exposed to wave attack exhibited the highest rates of coastal retreat. The geohazard map combines shoreline projections and flood hazard analyses to show that most of the spit area has extreme or very high flood hazard potential, and some buildings are vulnerable to coastal erosion. This study demonstrates that transgressive forcing may provide ample sediment for the expansion of depositional landforms, while growing more susceptible to overwash and flooding.}, language = {en} } @misc{GeisslerGruenberg2016, author = {Geißler-Gr{\"u}nberg, Anke}, title = {Erwin Bosch / Esther Bloch / Ralph Bloch: Der j{\"u}dische Friedhof von Krumbach-H{\"u}rben / rezensiert von Anke Geißler}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue}, volume = {22}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-370-1}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99832}, pages = {230 -- 233}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Rezensiertes Werk: Erwin Bosch / Esther Bloch / Ralph Bloch: Der j{\"u}dische Friedhof von Krumbach-H{\"u}rben, Quellen und Darstellungen zur j{\"u}dischen Geschichte Schwabens, Bd. 4, Augsburg: Wißner 2015. 624 S.}, language = {de} } @article{SchumacherBurchertAblinger2016, author = {Schumacher, Rebecca and Burchert, Frank and Ablinger, Irene}, title = {Erworbene Dyslexien bei deutschsprachigen Patienten}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik Band 9. Schwerpunktthema: Lauter Laute: Phonologische Verarbeitung und Lautwahrnehmung in der Sprachtherapie}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik Band 9. Schwerpunktthema: Lauter Laute: Phonologische Verarbeitung und Lautwahrnehmung in der Sprachtherapie}, number = {9}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1866-9085}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99090}, pages = {207 -- 213}, year = {2016}, abstract = {1. Hintergrund, 2. Kognitives Zwei-Routen-Modell des Lesens und diagnostische Tests, 3. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick, 4. Literatur}, language = {de} } @article{Stickel2016, author = {Stickel, Hanna}, title = {Europa in Oksana Zabužkos Werken}, series = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1}, volume = {1}, journal = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-358-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92534}, pages = {63 -- 71}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{RauscherKohnKaeseretal.2016, author = {Rauscher, Larissa and Kohn, Juliane and K{\"a}ser, Tanja and Mayer, Verena and Kucian, Karin and McCaskey, Ursina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Evaluation of a computer-based training program for enhancing arithmetic skills and spatial number representation in primary school children}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {430}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406727}, pages = {14}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Calcularis is a computer-based training program which focuses on basic numerical skills, spatial representation of numbers and arithmetic operations. The program includes a user model allowing flexible adaptation to the child's individual knowledge and learning profile. The study design to evaluate the training comprises three conditions (Calcularis group, waiting control group, spelling training group). One hundred and thirty-eight children from second to fifth grade participated in the study. Training duration comprised a minimum of 24 training sessions of 20 min within a time period of 6-8 weeks. Compared to the group without training (waiting control group) and the group with an alternative training (spelling training group), the children of the Calcularis group demonstrated a higher benefit in subtraction and number line estimation with medium to large effect sizes. Therefore, Calcularis can be used effectively to support children in arithmetic performance and spatial number representation.}, language = {en} } @unpublished{DereudreMazzonettoRoelly2016, author = {Dereudre, David and Mazzonetto, Sara and Roelly, Sylvie}, title = {Exact simulation of Brownian diffusions with drift admitting jumps}, volume = {5}, number = {7}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2193-6943}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91049}, pages = {25}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Using an algorithm based on a retrospective rejection sampling scheme, we propose an exact simulation of a Brownian diffusion whose drift admits several jumps. We treat explicitly and extensively the case of two jumps, providing numerical simulations. Our main contribution is to manage the technical difficulty due to the presence of two jumps thanks to a new explicit expression of the transition density of the skew Brownian motion with two semipermeable barriers and a constant drift.}, language = {en} } @misc{MoscaClahsen2016, author = {Mosca, Michela and Clahsen, Harald}, title = {Examining language switching in bilinguals}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {451}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413752}, pages = {10}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Much research on language control in bilinguals has relied on the interpretation of the costs of switching between two languages. Of the two types of costs that are linked to language control, switching costs are assumed to be transient in nature and modulated by trial-specific manipulations (e.g., by preparation time), while mixing costs are supposed to be more stable and less affected by trial-specific manipulations. The present study investigated the effect of preparation time on switching and mixing costs, revealing that both types of costs can be influenced by trial-specific manipulations.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Renans2016, author = {Renans, Agata Maria}, title = {Exhaustivity}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-89501}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {221}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The dissertation proposes an answer to the question of how to model exhaustive inferences and what the meaning of the linguistic material that triggers these inferences is. In particular, it deals with the semantics of exclusive particles, clefts, and progressive aspect in Ga, an under-researched language spoken in Ghana. Based on new data coming from the author's original fieldwork in Accra, the thesis points to a previously unattested variation in the semantics of exclusives in a cross-linguistic perspective, analyzes the connections between exhaustive interpretation triggered by clefts and the aspectual interpretation of the sentence, and identifies a cross-categorial definite determiner. By that it sheds new light on several exhaustivity-related phenomena in both the nominal and the verbal domain and shows that both domains are closely connected.}, language = {en} } @article{Stoeger2016, author = {St{\"o}ger, Alexander}, title = {Experiment und Wissensvermittlung}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XVII}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {33}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, doi = {10.18443/230}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-98924}, pages = {74 -- 84}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Alexander von Humboldt hat sich in jungen Jahren mit galvanischen Experimenten besch{\"a}ftigt und die Resultate in einem umfassenden, zweib{\"a}ndigen Werk publiziert. Dabei zeigte er nicht nur, dass er als Experimentator und Teil der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft f{\"a}hig war, sich mit einem so neuen und komplexen Ph{\"a}nomen zu besch{\"a}ftigen. Es l{\"a}sst sich auch erkennen, dass er bereits in dieser fr{\"u}hen Schrift versuchte, das umfangreiche Wissen dem Leser zug{\"a}nglich zu machen. Der Artikel betrachtet Humboldts Galvanismusschrift Versuche {\"u}ber die gereizte Muskel- und Nervenfaser (1797-1798) und untersucht einige Elemente wie Anh{\"a}nge und Schreibstil, die Humboldt nutzte, um die umfangreichen Informationen zu ordnen und dem Leser so neben den Big Data seiner Erkenntnisse auch passende Suchfunktionen zur Verf{\"u}gung zu stellen, die eine gezielte Nutzung {\"u}berhaupt erm{\"o}glichen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Riebe2016, author = {Riebe, Daniel}, title = {Experimental and theoretical investigations of molecular ions by spectroscopy as well as ion mobility and mass spectrometry}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94632}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {143}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The aim of this thesis was the elucidation of different ionization methods (resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization - REMPI, electrospray ionization - ESI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - APCI) in ion mobility (IM) spectrometry. In order to gain a better understanding of the ionization processes, several spectroscopic, mass spectrometric and theoretical methods were also used. Another focus was the development of experimental techniques, including a high resolution spectrograph and various combinations of IM and mass spectrometry. The novel high resolution 2D spectrograph facilitates spectroscopic resolutions in the range of commercial echelle spectrographs. The lowest full width at half maximum of a peak achieved was 25 pm. The 2D spectrograph is based on the wavelength separation of light by the combination of a prism and a grating in one dimension, and an etalon in the second dimension. This instrument was successfully employed for the acquisition of Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectra. Different spectroscopic methods (light scattering and fluorescence spectroscopy) permitting a spatial as well as spectral resolution, were used to investigate the release of ions in the electrospray. The investigation is based on the 50 nm shift of the fluorescence band of rhodamine 6G ions of during the transfer from the electrospray droplets to the gas phase. A newly developed ionization chamber operating at reduced pressure (0.5 mbar) was coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. After REMPI of H2S, an ionization chemistry analogous to H2O was observed with this instrument. Besides H2S+ and its fragments, H3S+ and protonated analyte ions could be observed as a result of proton-transfer reactions. For the elucidation of the peaks in IM spectra, a combination of IM spectrometer and linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer was developed. The instrument can be equipped with various ionization sources (ESI, REMPI, APCI) and was used for the characterization of the peptide bradykinin and the neuroleptic promazine. The ionization of explosive compounds in an APCI source based on soft x-radiation was investigated in a newly developed ionization chamber attached to the ion trap mass spectrometer. The major primary and secondary reactions could be characterized and explosive compound ions could be identified and assigned to the peaks in IM spectra. The assignment is based on the comparison of experimentally determined and calculated IM. The methods of calculation currently available exhibit large deviations, especially in the case of anions. Therefore, on the basis of an assessment of available methods, a novel hybrid method was developed and characterized.}, language = {en} } @misc{QiuKruegerWilkeetal.2016, author = {Qiu, Chen and Kr{\"u}ger, Yves and Wilke, Max and Marti, Dominik and Rička, Jaro and Frenz, Martin}, title = {Exploration of the phase diagram of liquid water in the low-temperature metastable region using synthetic fluid inclusions}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394993}, pages = {15}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We present new experimental data of the low-temperature metastable region of liquid water derived from high-density synthetic fluid inclusions (996-916 kg m-3) in quartz. Microthermometric measurements include: (i) prograde (upon heating) and retrograde (upon cooling) liquid-vapour homogenisation. We used single ultrashort laser pulses to stimulate vapour bubble nucleation in initially monophase liquid inclusions. Water densities were calculated based on prograde homogenisation temperatures using the IAPWS-95 formulation. We found retrograde liquid-vapour homogenisation temperatures in excellent agreement with IAPWS-95. (ii) Retrograde ice nucleation. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the nucleation of ice in the absence of the vapour bubble. Our ice nucleation data in the doubly metastable region are inconsistent with the low-temperature trend of the spinodal predicted by IAPWS-95, as liquid water with a density of 921 kg m-3 remains in a homogeneous state during cooling down to a temperature of -30.5 °C, where it is transformed into ice whose density corresponds to zero pressure. (iii) Ice melting. Ice melting temperatures of up to 6.8 °C were measured in the absence of the vapour bubble, i.e. in the negative pressure region. (iv) Spontaneous retrograde and, for the first time, prograde vapour bubble nucleation. Prograde bubble nucleation occurred upon heating at temperatures above ice melting. The occurrence of prograde and retrograde vapour bubble nucleation in the same inclusions indicates a maximum of the bubble nucleation curve in the ϱ-T plane at around 40 °C. The new experimental data represent valuable benchmarks to evaluate and further improve theoretical models describing the p-V-T properties of metastable water in the low-temperature region.}, language = {en} } @book{TessenowFelgentreffBrachaetal.2016, author = {Tessenow, Philipp and Felgentreff, Tim and Bracha, Gilad and Hirschfeld, Robert}, title = {Extending a dynamic programming language and runtime environment with access control}, number = {107}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-373-2}, issn = {1613-5652}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92560}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {83}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Complexity in software systems is a major factor driving development and maintenance costs. To master this complexity, software is divided into modules that can be developed and tested separately. In order to support this separation of modules, each module should provide a clean and concise public interface. Therefore, the ability to selectively hide functionality using access control is an important feature in a programming language intended for complex software systems. Software systems are increasingly distributed, adding not only to their inherent complexity, but also presenting security challenges. The object-capability approach addresses these challenges by defining language properties providing only minimal capabilities to objects. One programming language that is based on the object-capability approach is Newspeak, a dynamic programming language designed for modularity and security. The Newspeak specification describes access control as one of Newspeak's properties, because it is a requirement for the object-capability approach. However, access control, as defined in the Newspeak specification, is currently not enforced in its implementation. This work introduces an access control implementation for Newspeak, enabling the security of object-capabilities and enhancing modularity. We describe our implementation of access control for Newspeak. We adapted the runtime environment, the reflective system, the compiler toolchain, and the virtual machine. Finally, we describe a migration strategy for the existing Newspeak code base, so that our access control implementation can be integrated with minimal effort.}, language = {en} } @misc{Verissimo2016, author = {Verissimo, Joao Marques}, title = {Extending a Gradient Symbolic approach to the native versus non-native contrast}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {518}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41371}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413712}, pages = {900 -- 902}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The Gradient Symbolic Computation (GSC) model presented in the keynote article (Goldrick, Putnam \& Schwarz) constitutes a significant theoretical development, not only as a model of bilingual code-mixing, but also as a general framework that brings together symbolic grammars and graded representations. The authors are to be commended for successfully integrating a theory of grammatical knowledge with the voluminous research on lexical co-activation in bilinguals. It is, however, unfortunate that a certain conception of bilingualism was inherited from this latter research tradition, one in which the contrast between native and non-native language takes a back seat.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Cajar2016, author = {Cajar, Anke}, title = {Eye-movement control during scene viewing}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395536}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vii, 133}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Eye movements serve as a window into ongoing visual-cognitive processes and can thus be used to investigate how people perceive real-world scenes. A key issue for understanding eye-movement control during scene viewing is the roles of central and peripheral vision, which process information differently and are therefore specialized for different tasks (object identification and peripheral target selection respectively). Yet, rather little is known about the contributions of central and peripheral processing to gaze control and how they are coordinated within a fixation during scene viewing. Additionally, the factors determining fixation durations have long been neglected, as scene perception research has mainly been focused on the factors determining fixation locations. The present thesis aimed at increasing the knowledge on how central and peripheral vision contribute to spatial and, in particular, to temporal aspects of eye-movement control during scene viewing. In a series of five experiments, we varied processing difficulty in the central or the peripheral visual field by attenuating selective parts of the spatial-frequency spectrum within these regions. Furthermore, we developed a computational model on how foveal and peripheral processing might be coordinated for the control of fixation duration. The thesis provides three main findings. First, the experiments indicate that increasing processing demands in central or peripheral vision do not necessarily prolong fixation durations; instead, stimulus-independent timing is adapted when processing becomes too difficult. Second, peripheral vision seems to play a prominent role in the control of fixation durations, a notion also implemented in the computational model. The model assumes that foveal and peripheral processing proceed largely in parallel and independently during fixation, but can interact to modulate fixation duration. Thus, we propose that the variation in fixation durations can in part be accounted for by the interaction between central and peripheral processing. Third, the experiments indicate that saccadic behavior largely adapts to processing demands, with a bias of avoiding spatial-frequency filtered scene regions as saccade targets. We demonstrate that the observed saccade amplitude patterns reflect corresponding modulations of visual attention. The present work highlights the individual contributions and the interplay of central and peripheral vision for gaze control during scene viewing, particularly for the control of fixation duration. Our results entail new implications for computational models and for experimental research on scene perception.}, language = {en} } @misc{PacholskiAgarwalBalderasValadez2016, author = {Pacholski, Claudia and Agarwal, Vivechana and Balderas-Valadez, Ruth Fabiola}, title = {Fabrication of porous silicon-based optical sensors using metal-assisted chemical etching}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394426}, pages = {21430 -- 21434}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Optical biosensors based on porous silicon were fabricated by metal assisted chemical etching. Thereby double layered porous silicon structures were obtained consisting of porous pillars with large pores on top of a porous silicon layer with smaller pores. These structures showed a similar sensing performance in comparison to electrochemically produced porous silicon interferometric sensors.}, language = {en} } @article{Koy2016, author = {Koy, Magdalena}, title = {Fakten und Fiktionen}, series = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 2}, volume = {2}, journal = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-359-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93009}, pages = {99 -- 109}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Opel2016, author = {Opel, Kim-Holger}, title = {Faktor Mensch}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404767}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {395}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Eine Krisensituation ist eine Umbruchssituation. Sie kann als Chance, als Herausforderung sowie im Sinne einer SCHUMPETER'SCHEN „sch{\"o}pferischen Zerst{\"o}rung" als Ausgangspunkt von bedeutsamen Ver{\"a}nderungen und neuen Entwicklungsm{\"o}glichkeiten begriffen werden. Die Krisensituation der 1970er und 1980er Jahre bildet dahingehend durch ihre Einzigartigkeit einen herausragenden wirtschaftshistorischen Untersuchungsgegenstand. F{\"u}r die westeurop{\"a}ischen Staaten waren es nicht nur Jahre einer, nach der außergew{\"o}hnlich langen Boomzeit der „Wirtschaftswunderjahre", problematischen sozialen und wirtschaftliche Situation. Es war auch eine Zeit eines bedeutungsvollen und beschleunigten Wandels. Die Gleichzeitigkeit vieler Ver{\"a}nderungen, das zeitliche Zusammentreffen von konjunkturellen und strukturellen Problemlagen sowie die {\"a}ußerst kritische Situation an den westeurop{\"a}ischen Arbeitsm{\"a}rkten bildete eine multiple Krisensituation. Deren Auswirkungen waren weitreichender, als es von den Zeitgenossen erahnt werden konnte. Es gab nicht nur {\"A}nderungen im (wirtschafts-)politischen Makrogef{\"u}ge vieler Volkswirtschaften, auch bedeutende Einfl{\"u}sse waren auf der Mikroebene feststellbar. Marktorientierte Unternehmen mussten sich auf die neue Situation einstellen und im Rahmen einer Neupositionierung von Betriebsstrategien, organisatorischen Umgestaltungen und einer st{\"a}rkeren Ressourcenorientierung betriebswirtschaftlich handeln. Das schien letztlich zu einer st{\"a}rkeren Beachtung und Entwicklung der in den Unternehmen vorhandenen humanen und sozialen Ressourcen zu f{\"u}hren. Diese Arbeit stellt die Hypothese auf, dass umfassende organisatorische Ver{\"a}nderungen und strategische Neupositionierungen, insbesondere die effektivere Nutzung sowie der intensive Auf- und Ausbau betriebsinterner Personalressourcen Unternehmen maßgeblich halfen, die Krisensituation der 1970er und 1980er Jahre besser und nachhaltiger {\"u}berwinden zu k{\"o}nnen. Anders als die bisherige wirtschaftshistorische Forschungsliteratur nimmt diese Dissertation nicht die makro{\"o}konomisch Perspektive in den Fokus, sondern untersucht die Hypothese anhand mehrerer Unternehmensfallstudien. Ausgew{\"a}hlt sind drei Großunternehmen der westeurop{\"a}ischen Elektroindustrie. Diese Arbeit liefert mit dieser Untersuchung einen weiteren Baustein zur wirtschaftshistorischen Ann{\"a}herung an die 1970er und 1980er Jahre und leistet ebenso einen Beitrag zur Fortschreibung der Firmengeschichte der drei Unternehmen. Die Elektrobranche fand bisher wirtschaftshistorisch nur wenig Beachtung, dennoch ist sie ein gutes Beispiel f{\"u}r die umfassende Ver{\"a}nderungssituation jener Jahre. Entsprechende Sekund{\"a}rquellen sind f{\"u}r diesen Zeitraum f{\"u}r die drei Unternehmen kaum vorhanden. Aus diesem Grund bildet eine Vielzahl von Archivalien das Fundament dieser Arbeit. Sie werden als Prim{\"a}rquellen aus den jeweiligen Unternehmensarchiven als Basis der Fallanalyse herangezogen. Mit Hilfe zahlreicher Dokumente des betrieblichen „Alltagsgesch{\"a}fts", wie beispielsweise Daten des betrieblichen Personal- und Rechnungswesens, Protokolle von Sitzungen der Arbeitsnehmervertreter, des Aufsichtsrats oder des Vorstands sowie interne Strategiepapiere und Statistiken, wird nicht nur der anfangs aufgestellten Hypothese nachgegangen, sondern auch mehrerer sich aus ihr ergebende Fragenkomplexe. Im Rahmen derer wird untersucht, wie die Unternehmen - die Besch{\"a}ftigten, die Leitungsebenen und die Aufsichtsr{\"a}te - auf die Krisensituation reagierten, ob sie ggf. ihrerseits Einfluss darauf zu nehmen versuchten und welche betriebswirtschaftlichen Schl{\"u}sse daraus gezogen wurden. Es wird hinterfragt, ob eine st{\"a}rkere Ressourcenorientierung wirklich eine neue Strategieperspektive bot und es diesbez{\"u}glich zu einer st{\"a}rkeren Beachtung humaner und sozialer Ressourcen im Unternehmen kam. Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob gezielt zur Krisen{\"u}berwindung in diese Ressourcen investiert wurde und diese Investitionen halfen, die Krisensituation erfolgreich zu {\"u}berstehen und nachhaltig den Unternehmenserfolg zu sichern.}, language = {de} } @misc{TillnerLangerKempkaetal.2016, author = {Tillner, Elena and Langer, Maria and Kempka, Thomas and K{\"u}hn, Michael}, title = {Fault damage zone volume and initial salinity distribution determine intensity of shallow aquifer salinisation in subsurface storage}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {548}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41185}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411854}, pages = {19}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Injection of fluids into deep saline aquifers causes a pore pressure increase in the storage formation, and thus displacement of resident brine. Via hydraulically conductive faults, brine may migrate upwards into shallower aquifers and lead to unwanted salinisation of potable groundwater resources. In the present study, we investigated different scenarios for a potential storage site in the Northeast German Basin using a three-dimensional (3-D) regional-scale model that includes four major fault zones. The focus was on assessing the impact of fault length and the effect of a secondary reservoir above the storage formation, as well as model boundary conditions and initial salinity distribution on the potential salinisation of shallow groundwater resources. We employed numerical simulations of brine injection as a representative fluid. Our simulation results demonstrate that the lateral model boundary settings and the effective fault damage zone volume have the greatest influence on pressure build-up and development within the reservoir, and thus intensity and duration of fluid flow through the faults. Higher vertical pressure gradients for short fault segments or a small effective fault damage zone volume result in the highest salinisation potential due to a larger vertical fault height affected by fluid displacement. Consequently, it has a strong impact on the degree of shallow aquifer salinisation, whether a gradient in salinity exists or the saltwater-freshwater interface lies below the fluid displacement depth in the faults. A small effective fault damage zone volume or low fault permeability further extend the duration of fluid flow, which can persist for several tens to hundreds of years, if the reservoir is laterally confined. Laterally open reservoir boundaries, large effective fault damage zone volumes and intermediate reservoirs significantly reduce vertical brine migration and the potential of freshwater salinisation because the origin depth of displaced brine is located only a few decametres below the shallow aquifer in maximum. The present study demonstrates that the existence of hydraulically conductive faults is not necessarily an exclusion criterion for potential injection sites, because salinisation of shallower aquifers strongly depends on initial salinity distribution, location of hydraulically conductive faults and their effective damage zone volumes as well as geological boundary conditions.}, language = {en} } @misc{YangGuehrVecchioneetal.2016, author = {Yang, Jie and Guehr, Markus and Vecchione, Theodore and Robinson, Matthew Scott and Li, Renkai and Hartmann, Nick and Shen, Xiaozhe and Coffee, Ryan and Corbett, Jeff and Fry, Alan and Gaffney, Kelly and Gorkhover, Tais and Hast, Carsten and Jobe, Keith and Makasyuk, Igor and Reid, Alexander and Robinson, Joseph and Vetter, Sharon and Wang, Fenglin and Weathersby, Stephen and Yoneda, Charles and Wang, Xijie and Centurion, Martin}, title = {Femtosecond gas phase electron diffraction with MeV electrons}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394989}, pages = {19}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We present results on ultrafast gas electron diffraction (UGED) experiments with femtosecond resolution using the MeV electron gun at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. UGED is a promising method to investigate molecular dynamics in the gas phase because electron pulses can probe the structure with a high spatial resolution. Until recently, however, it was not possible for UGED to reach the relevant timescale for the motion of the nuclei during a molecular reaction. Using MeV electron pulses has allowed us to overcome the main challenges in reaching femtosecond resolution, namely delivering short electron pulses on a gas target, overcoming the effect of velocity mismatch between pump laser pulses and the probe electron pulses, and maintaining a low timing jitter. At electron kinetic energies above 3 MeV, the velocity mismatch between laser and electron pulses becomes negligible. The relativistic electrons are also less susceptible to temporal broadening due to the Coulomb force. One of the challenges of diffraction with relativistic electrons is that the small de Broglie wavelength results in very small diffraction angles. In this paper we describe the new setup and its characterization, including capturing static diffraction patterns of molecules in the gas phase, finding time-zero with sub-picosecond accuracy and first time-resolved diffraction experiments. The new device can achieve a temporal resolution of 100 fs root-mean-square, and sub-angstrom spatial resolution. The collimation of the beam is sufficient to measure the diffraction pattern, and the transverse coherence is on the order of 2 nm. Currently, the temporal resolution is limited both by the pulse duration of the electron pulse on target and by the timing jitter, while the spatial resolution is limited by the average electron beam current and the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection system. We also discuss plans for improving both the temporal resolution and the spatial resolution.}, language = {en} } @misc{Paape2016, author = {Paape, Dario L. J. F.}, title = {Filling the Silence}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90480}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In a self-paced reading experiment, we investigated the processing of sluicing constructions ("sluices") whose antecedent contained a known garden-path structure in German. Results showed decreased processing times for sluices with garden-path antecedents as well as a disadvantage for antecedents with non-canonical word order downstream from the ellipsis site. A post-hoc analysis showed the garden-path advantage also to be present in the region right before the ellipsis site. While no existing account of ellipsis processing explicitly predicted the results, we argue that they are best captured by combining a local antecedent mismatch effect with memory trace reactivation through reanalysis.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Reisinger2016, author = {Reisinger, Susanne}, title = {Formen religi{\"o}sen Wandels: Die Bildung muslimischer Frauengruppen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403276}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {328}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die vorliegende explorative empirische Untersuchung muslimischer Frauengruppen leistet einen Beitrag zur Erforschung des religi{\"o}sen Wandels im religi{\"o}sen Feld in Deutschland. Zum einen werden damit erstmals qualitative Daten zu religi{\"o}sen Gruppen muslimischer Frauen erhoben. Zum anderen liefern die analysierten Anl{\"a}sse der Gruppengr{\"u}ndung und die Gruppenziele Einblicke in die relevanten Themen des religi{\"o}s-muslimischen Engagements im Zeitverlauf. Gem{\"a}ß der explorativen Konzeption interessiert sich diese Studie insbesondere f{\"u}r die Vielfalt muslimischer Frauengruppen in Deutschland. Es wurde gefragt, welche Selbstbeschreibungen als muslimische Frauengruppen sich derzeit erkennen lassen? Dazu wurden thematische Leitfadeninterviews mit Ansprechpartnerinnen muslimischer Frauengruppen im religi{\"o}sen Feld (2006-2011) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Gr{\"u}ndungen der zw{\"o}lf untersuchten muslimischen Frauengruppen lagen im Zeitraum von 1978 bis 2009. Dies umfasst im Hinblick auf das muslimisch-religi{\"o}se Engagement Phasen mit unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkten, die von der Verfestigung der religi{\"o}sen Strukturen {\"u}ber den Kampf um rechtliche Gleichstellung als religi{\"o}se Minderheit bis zu einer Auseinandersetzung mit der staatlichen Islampolitik reichen. Die {\"a}ltesten der untersuchten Gruppen reflektieren in ihrem historischen Verlauf den Aufbau der religi{\"o}sen Strukturen, indem sie zun{\"a}chst R{\"a}ume f{\"u}r sich in den Gemeinden schufen. Diese f{\"u}llten sie in Form von religi{\"o}sen Bildungsprozessen und zwar indem sie einander an ihren Kenntnissen teilhaben ließen und gemeinsam die religi{\"o}se Quelle erschlossen. Andere Gruppen schlossen sich zusammen, um von den Kenntnissen religi{\"o}ser Expertinnen zu profitieren, wieder andere etablierten Angebote, die {\"u}ber den eigenen Gruppenzusammenhang hinausreichten. Mit dieser Ausrichtung der Weltgestaltung ging auch die Gr{\"u}ndung einer Organisation, d.h. ein Wandel der Sozialform einher. Die Ergebnisse konstatieren eine Kontingenz hinsichtlich der Selbstzuordnung muslimische Frauengruppe. Es handelt sich um historisch spezifische Selbstzuschreibungen, die Ausdruck eines religi{\"o}sen Wandels im muslimisch-religi{\"o}sen Feld initiiert von muslimischen Frauen sind. Zentrales Ergebnis ist hier, dass die Gruppen zwar hinsichtlich ihrer Formen heterogen sind, allerdings eine Verbindungslinie in ihren Kernideen als Frauengruppen- und Organisationen besteht. Es zeigt sich durch alle Phasen des muslimisch-religi{\"o}sen Engagements im religi{\"o}sen Feld ein hohes Interesse an religi{\"o}sen Bildungsthemen seitens muslimischer Frauen. Diese sind verbunden mit der Auseinandersetzung mit dem religi{\"o}sen Geschlechterverh{\"a}ltnis. Die Aufmerksamkeit, die das religi{\"o}se Geschlechterverh{\"a}ltnis im Kontext des Institutionalisierungs- und Partizipationsprozess des Islam im politischen Feld derzeit besitzt, kann einerseits als spezifisch gelten. Andererseits zeigen historische Kontextualisierungen mit der religi{\"o}sen Frauenbewegung im 19. Jahrhundert, dass auch hier {\"u}ber religi{\"o}se Geschlechterbilder Partizipationsfragen verhandelt wurden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie belegen die Relevanz von religi{\"o}sen Gruppen innerhalb religi{\"o}ser Wandlungsprozesse. Weiterhin liefern sie neue Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich des Verh{\"a}ltnisses von religi{\"o}ser Individualisierung und Gruppenbindung: Muslimische Frauen vergemeinschaften sich aus religi{\"o}sen Bildungszwecken innerhalb von religi{\"o}sen Gruppen und behandeln dabei Themen ihre weibliche religi{\"o}se Identit{\"a}t und die religi{\"o}se Lebensf{\"u}hrung als Frau betreffend und dies st{\"a}rkt ihre individuelle religi{\"o}se Bindung.}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-64156, title = {forum:logop{\"a}die 30.2016, 1}, series = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, volume = {30}, journal = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, number = {1}, publisher = {Schulz-Kirchner}, address = {Idstein}, organization = {Deutscher Bundesverband f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V.}, issn = {0932-0547}, pages = {79}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-64153, title = {forum:logop{\"a}die 30.2016, 2}, series = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, volume = {30}, journal = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, number = {2}, publisher = {Schulz-Kirchner}, address = {Idstein}, organization = {Deutscher Bundesverband f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V.}, issn = {0932-0547}, pages = {78}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-64152, title = {forum:logop{\"a}die 30.2016, 3}, series = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, volume = {30}, journal = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, number = {3}, publisher = {Schulz-Kirchner}, address = {Idstein}, organization = {Deutscher Bundesverband f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V.}, issn = {0932-0547}, pages = {66}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-64061, title = {forum:logop{\"a}die 30.2016, 4}, series = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, volume = {30}, journal = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, number = {4}, publisher = {Schulz-Kirchner}, address = {Idstein}, organization = {Deutscher Bundesverband f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V.}, issn = {0932-0547}, pages = {71}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-64060, title = {forum:logop{\"a}die 30.2016, 5}, series = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, volume = {30}, journal = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, number = {5}, publisher = {Schulz-Kirchner}, address = {Idstein}, organization = {Deutscher Bundesverband f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V.}, issn = {0932-0547}, pages = {83}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-64055, title = {forum:logop{\"a}die 30.2016, 6}, series = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, volume = {30}, journal = {Forum Logop{\"a}die : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Bundesverbandes f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V, dbl}, number = {6}, publisher = {Schulz-Kirchner}, address = {Idstein}, organization = {Deutscher Bundesverband f{\"u}r Logop{\"a}die e.V.}, issn = {0932-0547}, pages = {71}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @techreport{Weiss2016, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Frauen, Frieden und Sicherheit - was hat Resolution 1325 gebracht?}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2509-6974}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92932}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Nowadays, the issues women and peace are connected strongly on the level of UN's security policy as a consequence of resolution 1325 (2000). Which are the legal and factual impli-cations of this development both for the UN and for the Member States? Does their implementation meet the expectations? The study outlines the structure of today's WPS-agenda and discusses how the UN deals with it. Germany's activities to implement her obligations are also discussed.}, language = {de} } @article{Blum2016, author = {Blum, Bianca Edith}, title = {Frauen, Muße und M{\"u}ßiggang}, series = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1}, volume = {1}, journal = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-358-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92637}, pages = {187 -- 200}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{ParezanovićCordierSpohnetal.2016, author = {Parezanović, Vladimir and Cordier, Laurent and Spohn, Andreas and Duriez, Thomas and Noack, Bernd R. and Bonnet, Jean-Paul and Segond, Marc and Abel, Markus and Brunton, Steven L.}, title = {Frequency selection by feedback control in a turbulent shear flow}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {572}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41369}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413693}, pages = {37}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Many previous studies have shown that the turbulent mixing layer under periodic forcing tends to adopt a lock-on state, where the major portion of the fluctuations in the flow are synchronized at the forcing frequency. The goal of this experimental study is to apply closed-loop control in order to provoke the lock-on state, using information from the flow itself. We aim to determine the range of frequencies for which the closed-loop control can establish the lock-on, and what mechanisms are contributing to the selection of a feedback frequency. In order to expand the solution space for optimal closed-loop control laws, we use the genetic programming control (CPC) framework. The best closed-loop control laws obtained by CPC are analysed along with the associated physical mechanisms in the mixing layer flow. The resulting closed-loop control significantly outperforms open-loop forcing in terms of robustness to changes in the free-stream velocities. In addition, the selection of feedback frequencies is not locked to the most amplified local mode, but rather a range of frequencies around it.}, language = {en} } @article{HerneckSchwarz2016, author = {Herneck, Friedrich and Schwarz, Ingo}, title = {Friedrich Herneck: Hegel und Alexander von Humboldt}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XVII}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {33}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, doi = {10.18443/239}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-98939}, pages = {85 -- 92}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{EldridgeŁangowskiStaceyetal.2016, author = {Eldridge, Tilly and Łangowski, Łukasz and Stacey, Nicola and Jantzen, Friederike and Moubayidin, Laila and Sicard, Adrien and Southam, Paul and Kennaway, Richard and Lenhard, Michael and Coen, Enrico S. and {\O}stergaard, Lars}, title = {Fruit shape diversity in the Brassicaceae is generated by varying patterns of anisotropy}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {986}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43804}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438041}, pages = {3394 -- 3406}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Fruits exhibit a vast array of different 3D shapes, from simple spheres and cylinders to more complex curved forms; however, the mechanism by which growth is oriented and coordinated to generate this diversity of forms is unclear. Here, we compare the growth patterns and orientations for two very different fruit shapes in the Brassicaceae: the heart-shaped Capsella rubella silicle and the near-cylindrical Arabidopsis thaliana silique. We show, through a combination of clonal and morphological analyses, that the different shapes involve different patterns of anisotropic growth during three phases. These experimental data can be accounted for by a tissue level model in which specified growth rates vary in space and time and are oriented by a proximodistal polarity field. The resulting tissue conflicts lead to deformation of the tissue as it grows. The model allows us to identify tissue-specific and temporally specific activities required to obtain the individual shapes. One such activity may be provided by the valve-identity gene FRUITFULL, which we show through comparative mutant analysis to modulate fruit shape during post-fertilisation growth of both species. Simple modulations of the model presented here can also broadly account for the variety of shapes in other Brassicaceae species, thus providing a simplified framework for fruit development and shape diversity.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kuehn2016, author = {K{\"u}hn, Jane}, title = {Functionally-driven language change}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42207}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422079}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {369}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Since the 1960ies, Germany has been host to a large Turkish immigrant community. While migrant communities often shift to the majority language over the course of time, Turkish is a very vital minority language in Germany and bilingualism in this community is an obvious fact which has been subject to several studies. The main focus usually is on German, the second language (L2) of these speakers (e.g. Hinnenkamp 2000, Keim 2001, Auer 2003, Cindark \& Aslan (2004), Kern \& Selting 2006, Selting 2009, Kern 2013). Research on the Turkish spoken by Turkish bilinguals has also attracted attention although to a lesser extend mainly in the framework of so called heritage language research (cf. Polinski 2011). Bilingual Turkish has been investigated under the perspective of code-switching and codemixing (e.g. Kallmeyer \& Keim 2003, Keim 2003, 2004, Keim \& Cindark 2003, Hinnenkamp 2003, 2005, 2008, Dirim \& Auer 2004), and with respect to changes in the morphologic, the syntactic and the orthographic system (e.g. Rehbein \& Karako{\c{c}} 2004, Schroeder 2007). Attention to the changes in the prosodic system of bilingual Turkish on the other side has been exceptional so far (Queen 2001, 2006). With the present dissertation, I provide a study on contact induced linguistic changes on the prosodic level in the Turkish heritage language of adult early German-Turkish bilinguals. It describes structural changes in the L1 Turkish intonation of yes/no questions of a representative sample of bilingual Turkish speakers. All speakers share a similar sociolinguistic background. All acquired Turkish as their first language from their families and the majority language German as an early L2 at latest in the kinder garden by the age of 3. A study of changes in bilingual varieties requires a previous cross-linguistic comparison of both of the involved languages in language contact in order to draw conclusions on the contact-induced language change in delimitation to language-internal development. While German is one of the best investigated languages with respect to its prosodic system, research on Turkish intonational phonology is not as progressed. To this effect, the analysis of bilingual Turkish, as elicited for the present dissertation, is preceded by an experimental study on monolingual Turkish. In this regard an additional experiment with 11 monolingual university students of non-linguistic subjects was conducted at the Ege University in Izmir in 2013. On these grounds the present dissertation additionally contributes new insights with respect to Turkish intonational phonology and typology. The results of the contrastive analysis of German and Turkish bring to light that the prosodic systems of both languages differ with respect to the use of prosodic cues in the marking of information structure (IS) and sentence type. Whereas German distinguishes in the prosodic marking between explicit categories for focus and givenness, Turkish uses only one prosodic cue to mark IS. Furthermore it is shown that Turkish in contrast to German does not use a prosodic correlate to mark yes/no questions, but a morphological question marker. To elicit Turkish yes/no questions in a bilingual context which differ with respect to their information structure in a further step the methodology of Xu (1999) to elicit in-situ focus on different constituents was adapted in the experimental study. A data set of 400 Turkish yes/no questions of 20 bilingual Turkish speakers was compiled at the Zentrum f{\"u}r Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft (ZAS) in Berlin and at the University of Potsdam in 2013. The prosodic structure of the yes/no questions was phonologically and phonetically analyzed with respect to changes in the f0 contour according to IS modifications and the use of prosodic cues to indicate sentence type. The results of the analyses contribute surprising observations to the research of bilingual prosody. Studies on bilingual language change and language acquisition have repeatedly shown that the use of prosodic features that are considered as marked by means of lower and implicational use across and within a language cause difficulties in language contact and second language acquisition. Especially, they are not expected to pass from one language to another through language contact. However, this structurally determined expectation on language development is refuted by the results of the present study. Functionally related prosody, such as the cues to indicate IS, are transferred from German L2 to the Turkish L1 of German-Turkish bilingual speakers. This astonishing observation provides the base for an approach to language change centered on functional motivation. Based on Matras' (2007, 2010) assumption of functionality in language change, Paradis' (1993, 2004, 2008) approach of Language Activation and the Subsystem Theory and the Theory of Language as a Dynamic System (Heredina \& Jessner 2002), it will be shown that prosodic features which are absent in one of the languages of bilingual speech communities are transferred from the respective language to the other when they contribute to the contextualization of a pragmatic concept which is not expressed by other linguistic means in the target language. To this effect language interaction is based on language activation and inhibition mechanisms dealing with differences in the implicit pragmatic knowledge between bilinguals and monolinguals. The motivator for this process of language change is the contextualization of the message itself and not the structure of the respective feature on the surface. It is shown that structural consideration may influence language change but that bilingual language change does not depend on structural restrictions nor does the structure cause a change. The conclusions drawn on the basis of empirical facts can especially contribute to a better understanding of the processes of bilingual language development as it combines methodologies and theoretical aspects of different linguistic subfields.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Vogel2016, author = {Vogel, Dominik}, title = {F{\"u}hrung im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-363-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-89214}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XV, 256}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit F{\"u}hrungsverhalten im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor sowie mit Einflussfaktoren auf dieses F{\"u}hrungsverhalten. Hierzu wurde eine Taxonomie, bestehend aus sechs Metakategorien von F{\"u}hrungsverhalten, entwickelt. Die Metakategorien umfassen Aufgaben-, Beziehungs-, Ver{\"a}nderungs-, Außen-, Ethik- und Sachbearbeitungsorientierung. Eine Analyse von Umfragedaten, die f{\"u}r diese Arbeit bei Mitarbeitern und unteren F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}ften dreier Beh{\"o}rden erhoben wurden, zeigt, dass diese Taxonomie sehr gut geeignet ist, die F{\"u}hrungsrealit{\"a}t in der {\"o}ffentlichen Verwaltung abzubilden. Eine deskriptive Auswertung der Daten zeigt außerdem, dass es eine relativ große Differenz zwischen der Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzung der F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte und der Fremdeinsch{\"a}tzung durch ihre Mitarbeiter gibt. Diese Differenz ist bei der Beziehungs- und Ver{\"a}nderungsorientierung besonders hoch. Der deskriptiven Auswertung schließt sich eine Analyse von Einflussfaktoren auf das F{\"u}hrungsverhalten an. Die Einflussfaktoren k{\"o}nnen den vier Kategorien "Charakteristika und Eigenschaften der F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte", "Erwartungen und Interesse von Vorgesetzten", "Charakteristika und Einstellungen von Gef{\"u}hrten" und "Managementinstrumente und -rahmenbedingungen" zugeordnet werden. Eine Analyse mit Hilfe von hierarchischen linearen Modellen zeigt, dass vor allem die F{\"u}hrungsmotivation und die Managementorientierung der F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte, die Gemeinwohlorientierung und die Art der Aufgabe der Gef{\"u}hrten sowie die strategische F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fteauswahl und die Leistungsmessung durch die F{\"u}hrungskr{\"a}fte anhand konkreter Ziele einen Einfluss auf das F{\"u}hrungsverhalten haben. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit erg{\"a}nzen die Literatur zu F{\"u}hrungsverhalten im {\"o}ffentlichen Sektor um die Perspektive der Einflussfaktoren auf das F{\"u}hrungsverhalten und leisten zus{\"a}tzlich mit Hilfe der verwendeten Taxonomie einen Beitrag zur theoretischen Diskussion von F{\"u}hrungsverhalten in der Public-Management-Forschung. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus bieten die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse der Verwaltungspraxis Hinweise zu relevanten Einflussfaktoren auf das F{\"u}hrungsverhalten sowie auf beachtliche Differenzen zwischen Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung des F{\"u}hrungsverhaltens.}, language = {de} } @misc{VuilleminFrieseAlawietal.2016, author = {Vuillemin, Aur{\`e}le and Friese, Andr{\´e} and Alawi, Mashal and Henny, Cynthia and Nomosatryo, Sulung and Wagner, Dirk and Crowe, Sean A. and Kallmeyer, Jens}, title = {Geomicrobiological features of ferruginous sediments from Lake Towuti, Indonesia}, series = {Frontiers in microbiology}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407312}, pages = {16}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Lake Towuti is a tectonic basin, surrounded by ultramafic rocks. Lateritic soils form through weathering and deliver abundant iron (oxy)hydroxides but very little sulfate to the lake and its sediment. To characterize the sediment biogeochemistry, we collected cores at three sites with increasing water depth and decreasing bottom water oxygen concentrations. Microbial cell densities were highest at the shallow site a feature we attribute to the availability of labile organic matter (OM) and the higher abundance of electron acceptors due to oxic bottom water conditions. At the two other sites, OM degradation and reduction processes below the oxycline led to partial electron acceptor depletion. Genetic information preserved in the sediment as extracellular DNA (eDNA) provided information on aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophs related to Nitrospirae. Chloroflexi, and Therrnoplasmatales. These taxa apparently played a significant role in the degradation of sinking OM. However, eDNA concentrations rapidly decreased with core depth. Despite very low sulfate concentrations, sulfate-reducing bacteria were present and viable in sediments at all three sites, as confirmed by measurement of potential sulfate reduction rates. Microbial community fingerprinting supported the presence of taxa related to Deltaproteobacteria and Firmicutes with demonstrated capacity for iron and sulfate reduction. Concomitantly, sequences of Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiales, and Methanornicrobiales indicated potential for fermentative hydrogen and methane production. Such first insights into ferruginous sediments showed that microbial populations perform successive metabolisms related to sulfur, iron, and methane. In theory, iron reduction could reoxidize reduced sulfur compounds and desorb OM from iron minerals to allow remineralization to methane. Overall, we found that biogeochemical processes in the sediments can be linked to redox differences in the bottom waters of the three sites, like oxidant concentrations and the supply of labile OM. At the scale of the lacustrine record, our geomicrobiological study should provide a means to link the extant subsurface biosphere to past environments.}, language = {en} } @misc{MuellerSchulzLauterbachetal.2016, author = {M{\"u}ller, Christina M. and Schulz, Benjamin and Lauterbach, Daniel and Ristow, Michael and Wissemann, Volker and Gemeinholzer, Birgit}, title = {Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch.Bip. (Asteraceae) exhibits micro-geographic genetic divergence at ecological range limits along a steep precipitation gradient}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {832}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42706}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427061}, pages = {16}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We analyzed the population genetic pattern of 12 fragmented Geropogon hybridus ecological range edge populations in Israel along a steep precipitation gradient. In the investigation area (45 x 20 km(2)), the annual mean precipitation changes rapidly from 450 mm in the north (Mediterranean-influenced climate zone) to 300 mm in the south (semiarid climate zone) without significant temperature changes. Our analysis (91 individuals, 12 populations, 123 polymorphic loci) revealed strongly structured populations (AMOVA I broken vertical bar(ST) = 0.35; P < 0.001); however, differentiation did not change gradually toward range edge. IBD was significant (Mantel test r = 0.81; P = 0.001) and derived from sharply divided groups between the northernmost populations and the others further south, due to dispersal or environmental limitations. This was corroborated by the PCA and STRUCTURE analyses. IBD and IBE were significant despite the micro-geographic scale of the study area, which indicates that reduced precipitation toward range edge leads to population genetic divergence. However, this pattern diminished when the hypothesized gene flow barrier was taken into account. Applying the spatial analysis method revealed 11 outlier loci that were correlated to annual precipitation and, moreover, were indicative for putative precipitation-related adaptation (BAYESCAN, MCHEZA). The results suggest that even on micro-geographic scales, environmental factors play prominent roles in population divergence, genetic drift, and directional selection. The pattern is typical for strong environmental gradients, e.g., at species range edges and ecological limits, and if gene flow barriers and mosaic-like structures of fragmented habitats hamper dispersal.}, language = {en} } @article{Bekaŝev2016, author = {Bek{\^a}ŝev, Kamil}, title = {Globalisierung und die Entwicklung des V{\"o}lkerrechts}, series = {Dritte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 13.-17.10.2014, mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, volume = {3}, journal = {Dritte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 13.-17.10.2014, mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-340-4}, issn = {2199-9686}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91907}, pages = {53 -- 55}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Thesen}, language = {de} } @article{Bekaŝev2016, author = {Bek{\^a}ŝev, Kamil}, title = {Globalization And Development Of International Law}, series = {Dritte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 13.-17.10.2014, mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, volume = {3}, journal = {Dritte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 13.-17.10.2014, mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-340-4}, issn = {2199-9686}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91896}, pages = {47 -- 50}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Theses}, language = {en} } @article{Drubek2016, author = {Drubek, Natascha}, title = {Glocke und Ikone}, series = {Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker - Классик - Classic - Classico : Beitr{\"a}ge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam ; Band 1}, journal = {Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker - Классик - Classic - Classico : Beitr{\"a}ge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam ; Band 1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-351-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95572}, pages = {153 -- 192}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{RaetzelWilkensMenzel2016, author = {R{\"a}tzel, Dennis and Wilkens, Martin and Menzel, Ralf}, title = {Gravitational properties of light}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90553}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The gravitational field of a laser pulse of finite lifetime, is investigated in the framework of linearized gravity. Although the effects are very small, they may be of fundamental physical interest. It is shown that the gravitational field of a linearly polarized light pulse is modulated as the norm of the corresponding electric field strength, while no modulations arise for circular polarization. In general, the gravitational field is independent of the polarization direction. It is shown that all physical effects are confined to spherical shells expanding with the speed of light, and that these shells are imprints of the spacetime events representing emission and absorption of the pulse. Nearby test particles at rest are attracted towards the pulse trajectory by the gravitational field due to the emission of the pulse, and they are repelled from the pulse trajectory by the gravitational field due to its absorption. Examples are given for the size of the attractive effect. It is recovered that massless test particles do not experience any physical effect if they are co-propagating with the pulse, and that the acceleration of massless test particles counter-propagating with respect to the pulse is four times stronger than for massive particles at rest. The similarities between the gravitational effect of a laser pulse and Newtonian gravity in two dimensions are pointed out. The spacetime curvature close to the pulse is compared to that induced by gravitational waves from astronomical sources.}, language = {en} } @book{FriessLenzMartinetal.2016, author = {Frieß, Nina and Lenz, Gunnar and Martin, Erik and Antoš{\´i}kov{\´a}, Lucie and Bainczyk-Crescentini, Marlene and Chkhaidze, Elena and Gladis, Lea and Stickel, Hanna and Kohl, Philipp and Kowollik, Eva and Matijević, Tijana and Schimsheimer, Christof and Simić, Dijana and Sulikowska-Fajfer, Joanna and Zalkowski, Olesia and Ananka, Yaraslava and Blum, Bianca Edith and F{\"a}rber, Christina and Gorfinkel, Olga and Hoy, Therese and Reinecke, Willi and Salden, Peter and Schmitt, Angelika}, title = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen}, number = {1}, editor = {Frieß, Nina and Lenz, Gunnar and Martin, Erik}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-358-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86769}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {286}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Sammelband vereinigt die Beitr{\"a}ge der 12. und 13. Tagung des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft (JFSL) in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014. Unter den thematischen Leitbegriffen Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen pr{\"a}sentiert er Einblicke in die Arbeit von Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftlern der deutsch­sprachigen slavischen Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft.}, language = {de} } @book{FriessLenzMartinetal.2016, author = {Frieß, Nina and Lenz, Gunnar and Martin, Erik and Brunov{\´a}, Marie and Burghardt, Anja and Donska, Mariya and Efimova, Svetlana and Imanov, Anar and Kornmesser, Sebastian and Koy, Magdalena and Ananka, Yaraslava and Fertig, Julia and Hargaßner, Julia and Kuprina, Olena and Jandl, Ingeborg and Neca, Łukasz and Pavlova, Jana and Smyshliaeva, Maria and Adamczak, Katarzyna and Gauss, Galina and Gorfinkel, Olga}, title = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen}, number = {2}, editor = {Frieß, Nina and Lenz, Gunnar and Martin, Erik}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-359-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86773}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {307}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Sammelband vereinigt die Beitr{\"a}ge der 12. und 13. Tagung des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft (JFSL) in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014. Unter den thematischen Leitbegriffen Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen pr{\"a}sentiert er Einblicke in die Arbeit von Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftlern der deutschsprachigen slavischen Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaft.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Bendre2016, author = {Bendre, Abhijit B.}, title = {Growth and saturation of dynamo in spiral galaxies via direct simulations}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407517}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xviii, 133}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We do magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of local box models of turbulent Interstellar Medium (ISM) and analyse the process of amplification and saturation of mean magnetic fields with methods of mean field dynamo theory. It is shown that the process of saturation of mean fields can be partially described by the prolonged diffusion time scales in presence of the dynamically significant magnetic fields. However, the outward wind also plays an essential role in the saturation in higher SN rate case. Algebraic expressions for the back reaction of the magnetic field onto the turbulent transport coefficients are derived, which allow a complete description of the nonlinear dynamo. We also present the effects of dynamically significant mean fields on the ISM configuration and pressure distribution. We further add the cosmic ray component in the simulations and investigate the kinematic growth of mean fields with a dynamo perspective.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Fluegel2016, author = {Fl{\"u}gel, Christina}, title = {Gute Br{\"u}cke}, series = {Ankommen : ... in 11 Kurzgeschichten}, booktitle = {Ankommen : ... in 11 Kurzgeschichten}, editor = {Lenz, Petra}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-368-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95775}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {85 -- 93}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{HeinzKlugeRapp2016, author = {Heinz, A. and Kluge, U. and Rapp, Michael A.}, title = {Heritability of living in deprived neighbourhoods}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103770}, pages = {1}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @incollection{Lauks2016, author = {Lauks, Susanne}, title = {Herzensw{\"a}rme}, series = {Ankommen : ... in 11 Kurzgeschichten}, booktitle = {Ankommen : ... in 11 Kurzgeschichten}, editor = {Lenz, Petra}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-368-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95798}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {103 -- 116}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{KuehnFloegelSookthaietal.2016, author = {K{\"u}hn, Tilman and Floegel, Anna and Sookthai, Disorn and Johnson, Theron and Rolle-Kampczyk, Ulrike and Otto, Wolfgang and von Bergen, Martin and Boeing, Heiner and Kaaks, Rudolf}, title = {Higher plasma levels of lysophosphatidylcholine 18:0 are related to a lower risk of common cancers in a prospective metabolomics study}, series = {BMC medicine}, journal = {BMC medicine}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407258}, pages = {9}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: First metabolomics studies have indicated that metabolic fingerprints from accessible tissues might be useful to better understand the etiological links between metabolism and cancer. However, there is still a lack of prospective metabolomics studies on pre-diagnostic metabolic alterations and cancer risk. Methods: Associations between pre-diagnostic levels of 120 circulating metabolites (acylcarnitines, amino acids, biogenic amines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingolipids, and hexoses) and the risks of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer were evaluated by Cox regression analyses using data of a prospective case-cohort study including 835 incident cancer cases. Results: The median follow-up duration was 8.3 years among non-cases and 6.5 years among incident cases of cancer. Higher levels of lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), and especially lysoPC a C18:0, were consistently related to lower risks of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer, independent of background factors. In contrast, higher levels of phosphatidylcholine PC ae C30:0 were associated with increased cancer risk. There was no heterogeneity in the observed associations by lag time between blood draw and cancer diagnosis. Conclusion: Changes in blood lipid composition precede the diagnosis of common malignancies by several years. Considering the consistency of the present results across three cancer types the observed alterations point to a global metabolic shift in phosphatidylcholine metabolism that may drive tumorigenesis.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchwarzAndressEtteetal.2016, author = {Schwarz, Ingo and Andress, Reinhard and Ette, Ottmar and Puig-Samper, Miguel {\´A}ngel and Garrido, Elisa and Schmuck, Thomas and Rott, B{\"a}rbel}, title = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz}, series = {HIN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; international review for Humboldtian studies}, volume = {XVII}, journal = {HIN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; international review for Humboldtian studies}, number = {32}, editor = {Ette, Ottmar and Knobloch, Eberhard}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, doi = {10.18443/hinvol17iss322016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90812}, pages = {109}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Ingo Schwarz: Opfer f{\"u}r die Wissenschaften „in dem Drange wichtiger {\"o}ffentlicher Begebenheiten" Briefe von Alexander von Humboldt an Friedrich Wilhelm III., 1806 Reinhard Andress: Eine Bitte an Thomas Jefferson um Tabaksamen und Tabak: ein unver{\"o}ffentlichter Brief Alexander von Humboldts Ottmar Ette: Naturaleza y cultura: perspectivas cient{\´i}fico-vitales de la ciencia de Humboldt Miguel {\´A}ngel Puig-Samper, Elisa Garrido: The presentation of the results of Alexander von Humboldt's voyage to Carlos IV Thomas Schmuck: Humboldt in Goethes Bibliothek B{\"a}rbel Rott: Alexander von Humboldt brachte Guano nach Europa - mit ungeahnten globalen Folgen}, language = {de} } @misc{AndressDrewsGomezGutierrezetal.2016, author = {Andress, Reinhard and Drews, Julian and G{\´o}mez Guti{\´e}rrez, Alberto and Reich, Karin and Roussanova, Elena and St{\"o}ger, Alexander and Herneck, Friedrich and Schwarz, Ingo}, title = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz}, series = {HIN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; international review for Humboldtian studies}, volume = {XVII}, journal = {HIN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; international review for Humboldtian studies}, number = {33}, editor = {Ette, Ottmar and Knobloch, Eberhard}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, doi = {0.18443/hinvol17iss332016}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-98944}, pages = {90}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Inhalt - Reinhard Andress: Ein unver{\"o}ffentlichter Brief Alexander von Humboldts an den Buchh{\"a}ndler Jean-Georges Treuttel - Julian Drews: {\´E}criture (auto)biographique dans l'Examen critique d'Alexandre de Humboldt - Alberto G{\´o}mez Guti{\´e}rrez: Alexander von Humboldt y la cooperaci{\´o}n transcontinental en la Geograf{\´i}a de las plantas: una nueva apreciaci{\´o}n de la obra fitogeogr{\´a}fica de Francisco Jos{\´e} de Caldas - Karin Reich und Elena Roussanova: Der Briefwechsel zwischen Karl Kreil und Alexander von Humboldt, ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Geschichte des Erdmagnetismus - Alexander St{\"o}ger: Experiment und Wissensvermittlung. Alexander von Humboldts Darstellungsmethoden in seinen Versuchen {\"u}ber die gereizte Muskel- und Nervenfaser - Friedrich Herneck und Ingo Schwarz: Friedrich Herneck: Hegel und Alexander von Humboldt}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{DennertMoellerGarmannKujathetal.2016, author = {Dennert-M{\"o}ller, Elisabeth and Garmann, Robert and Kujath, Bertold and Zscheyge, Oliver and Weicker, Karsten and B{\"o}hne, Sebastian and Knobelsdorf, Maria and Kreitz, Christoph and Steen, Alexander and Wisniewski, Max and Benzm{\"u}ller, Christoph and Gebhardt, Kai and Ehlenz, Matthias and Bergner, Nadine and Schroeder, Ulrik}, title = {Hochschuldidaktik der Informatik}, editor = {Schwill, Andreas and Lucke, Ulrike}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-376-3}, issn = {1868-0844}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93511}, pages = {102}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die 7. Fachtagung f{\"u}r Hochschuldidaktik, die 2016 erneut mit der DeLFI E-Learning Fachtagung Informatik stattfand, setzte das erfolgreiche Modell einer Tagung fort, die sich mit hochschuldidaktischen Fragen und der Gestaltung von Studieng{\"a}ngen der Informatik besch{\"a}ftigt. Thema der Tagung waren alle Fragen, die sich der Vermittlung von Informatikgegenst{\"a}nden im Hochschulbereich widmen. Dazu geh{\"o}rten u.a.: • fachdidaktische Konzepte der Vermittlung einzelner Informatikgegenst{\"a}nde • methodische L{\"o}sungen, wie spezielle Lehr- und Lernformen, Durchf{\"u}hrungskonzepte • empirische Ergebnisse und Vergleichsstudien • E-Learning-Ans{\"a}tze, wenn sie ein erkennbares didaktisches Konzept verfolgen • Studienkonzepte und Curricula, organisatorische Fragen, wie Gewinnung von Studierenden, Studieneingangsphase, Abbrecher. Die Fachtagung widmete sich ausgew{\"a}hlten Fragestellungen dieses Themenkomplexes, die durch Vortr{\"a}ge ausgewiesener Experten, durch eingereichte Beitr{\"a}ge und durch Pr{\"a}sentationen und Poster intensiv behandelt wurden. Unser besonderer Dank gilt dem Programmkomitee und den hier nicht genannten Helfern f{\"u}r ihren Einsatz bei der Vorbereitung und Durchf{\"u}hrung der Tagung.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Draeger2016, author = {Dr{\"a}ger, Nadine}, title = {Holocene climate and environmental variability in NE Germany inferred from annually laminated lake sediments}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103037}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xv, 144 Seiten}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Understanding the role of natural climate variability under the pressure of human induced changes of climate and landscapes, is crucial to improve future projections and adaption strategies. This doctoral thesis aims to reconstruct Holocene climate and environmental changes in NE Germany based on annually laminated lake sediments. The work contributes to the ICLEA project (Integrated CLimate and Landscape Evolution Analyses). ICLEA intends to compare multiple high-resolution proxy records with independent chronologies from the N central European lowlands, in order to disentangle the impact of climate change and human land use on landscape development during the Lateglacial and Holocene. In this respect, two study sites in NE Germany are investigated in this doctoral project, Lake Tiefer See and palaeolake Wukenfurche. While both sediment records are studied with a combination of high-resolution sediment microfacies and geochemical analyses (e.g. µ-XRF, carbon geochemistry and stable isotopes), detailed proxy understanding mainly focused on the continuous 7.7 m long sediment core from Lake Tiefer See covering the last ~6000 years. Three main objectives are pursued at Lake Tiefer See: (1) to perform a reliable and independent chronology, (2) to establish microfacies and geochemical proxies as indicators for climate and environmental changes, and (3) to trace the effects of climate variability and human activity on sediment deposition. Addressing the first aim, a reliable chronology of Lake Tiefer See is compiled by using a multiple-dating concept. Varve counting and tephra findings form the chronological framework for the last ~6000 years. The good agreement with independent radiocarbon dates of terrestrial plant remains verifies the robustness of the age model. The resulting reliable and independent chronology of Lake Tiefer See and, additionally, the identification of nine tephras provide a valuable base for detailed comparison and synchronization of the Lake Tiefer See data set with other climate records. The sediment profile of Lake Tiefer See exhibits striking alternations between well-varved and non-varved sediment intervals. The combination of microfacies, geochemical and microfossil (i.e. Cladocera and diatom) analyses indicates that these changes of varve preservation are caused by variations of lake circulation in Lake Tiefer See. An exception is the well-varved sediment deposited since AD 1924, which is mainly influenced by human-induced lake eutrophication. Well-varved intervals before the 20th century are considered to reflect phases of reduced lake circulation and, consequently, stronger anoxic conditions. Instead, non-varved intervals indicate increased lake circulation in Lake Tiefer See, leading to more oxygenated conditions at the lake ground. Furthermore, lake circulation is not only influencing sediment deposition, but also geochemical processes in the lake. As, for example, the proxy meaning of δ13COM varies in time in response to changes of the oxygen regime in the lake hypolinion. During reduced lake circulation and stronger anoxic conditions δ13COM is influenced by microbial carbon cycling. In contrast, organic matter degradation controls δ13COM during phases of intensified lake circulation and more oxygenated conditions. The varve preservation indicates an increasing trend of lake circulation at Lake Tiefer See after ~4000 cal a BP. This trend is superimposed by decadal to centennial scale variability of lake circulation intensity. Comparison to other records in Central Europe suggests that the long-term trend is probably related to gradual changes in Northern Hemisphere orbital forcing, which induced colder and windier conditions in Central Europe and, therefore, reinforced lake circulation. Decadal to centennial scale periods of increased lake circulation coincide with settlement phases at Lake Tiefer See, as inferred from pollen data of the same sediment record. Deforestation reduced the wind shelter of the lake, which probably increased the sensitivity of lake circulation to wind stress. However, results of this thesis also suggest that several of these phases of increased lake circulation are additionally reinforced by climate changes. A first indication is provided by the comparison to the Baltic Sea record, which shows striking correspondence between major non-varved intervals at Lake Tiefer See and bioturbated sediments in the Baltic Sea. Furthermore, a preliminary comparison to the ICLEA study site Lake Czechowskie (N central Poland) shows a coincidence of at least three phases of increased lake circulation in both lakes, which concur with periods of known climate changes (2.8 ka event, 'Migration Period' and 'Little Ice Age'). These results suggest an additional over-regional climate forcing also on short term increased of lake circulation in Lake Tiefer See. In summary, the results of this thesis suggest that lake circulation at Lake Tiefer See is driven by a combination of long-term and short-term climate changes as well as of anthropogenic deforestation phases. Furthermore, the lake circulation drives geochemical cycles in the lake affecting the meaning of proxy data. Therefore, the work presented here expands the knowledge of climate and environmental variability in NE Germany. Furthermore, the integration of the Lake Tiefer See multi-proxy record in a regional comparison with another ICLEA side, Lake Czechowskie, enabled to better decipher climate changes and human impact on the lake system. These first results suggest a huge potential for further detailed regional comparisons to better understand palaeoclimate dynamics in N central Europe.}, language = {en} } @misc{DrygalaKorablevAnsorgeetal.2016, author = {Drygala, Frank and Korablev, Nikolay and Ansorge, Hermann and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and Isomursu, Marja and Elmeros, Morten and Kowalczyk, Rafał and Baltrunaite, Laima and Balciauskas, Linas and Saarma, Urmas and Schulze, Christoph and Borkenhagen, Peter and Frantz, Alain C.}, title = {Homogenous population genetic structure of the non-native raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Europe as a result of rapid population expansion}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {540}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41092}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410921}, pages = {17}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The extent of gene flow during the range expansion of non-native species influences the amount of genetic diversity retained in expanding populations. Here, we analyse the population genetic structure of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in north-eastern and central Europe. This invasive species is of management concern because it is highly susceptible to fox rabies and an important secondary host of the virus. We hypothesized that the large number of introduced animals and the species' dispersal capabilities led to high population connectivity and maintenance of genetic diversity throughout the invaded range. We genotyped 332 tissue samples from seven European countries using 16 microsatellite loci. Different algorithms identified three genetic clusters corresponding to Finland, Denmark and a large 'central' population that reached from introduction areas in western Russia to northern Germany. Cluster assignments provided evidence of long-distance dispersal. The results of an Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis supported a scenario of equal effective population sizes among different pre-defined populations in the large central cluster. Our results are in line with strong gene flow and secondary admixture between neighbouring demes leading to reduced genetic structuring, probably a result of its fairly rapid population expansion after introduction. The results presented here are remarkable in the sense that we identified a homogenous genetic cluster inhabiting an area stretching over more than 1500km. They are also relevant for disease management, as in the event of a significant rabies outbreak, there is a great risk of a rapid virus spread among raccoon dog populations.}, language = {en} } @misc{LachmairRuizFernandezBuryetal.2016, author = {Lachmair, Martin and Ruiz Fernandez, Susana and Bury, Nils-Alexander and Gerjets, Peter and Fischer, Martin H. and Bock, Otmar L.}, title = {How body orientation affects concepts of space, time and valence}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {505}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41094}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410942}, pages = {16}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The aim of the present study was to test the functional relevance of the spatial concepts UP or DOWN for words that use these concepts either literally (space) or metaphorically (time, valence). A functional relevance would imply a symmetrical relationship between the spatial concepts and words related to these concepts, showing that processing words activate the related spatial concepts on one hand, but also that an activation of the concepts will ease the retrieval of a related word on the other. For the latter, the rotation angle of participant's body position was manipulated either to an upright or a head-down tilted body position to activate the related spatial concept. Afterwards participants produced in a within-subject design previously memorized words of the concepts space, time and valence according to the pace of a metronome. All words were related either to the spatial concept UP or DOWN. The results including Bayesian analyses show (1) a significant interaction between body position and words using the concepts UP and DOWN literally, (2) a marginal significant interaction between body position and temporal words and (3) no effect between body position and valence words. However, post-hoc analyses suggest no difference between experiments. Thus, the authors concluded that integrating sensorimotor experiences is indeed of functional relevance for all three concepts of space, time and valence. However, the strength of this functional relevance depends on how close words are linked to mental concepts representing vertical space.}, language = {en} } @misc{FestmanClahsen2016, author = {Festman, Julia and Clahsen, Harald}, title = {How Germans prepare for the English past tense}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {521}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41445}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414455}, pages = {487 -- 506}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Processes involved in late bilinguals' production of morphologically complex words were studied using an event-related brain potentials (ERP) paradigm in which EEGs were recorded during participants' silent productions of English past- and present-tense forms. Twenty-three advanced second language speakers of English (first language [L1] German) were compared to a control group of 19 L1 English speakers from an earlier study. We found a frontocentral negativity for regular relative to irregular past-tense forms (e.g., asked vs. held) during (silent) production, and no difference for the present-tense condition (e.g., asks vs. holds), replicating the ERP effect obtained for the L1 group. This ERP effect suggests that combinatorial processing is involved in producing regular past-tense forms, in both late bilinguals and L1 speakers. We also suggest that this paradigm is a useful tool for future studies of online language production.}, language = {en} } @misc{FestmanClahsen2016, author = {Festman, Julia and Clahsen, Harald}, title = {How Germans prepare for the English past tense}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {504}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41367}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413678}, pages = {20}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Processes involved in late bilinguals' production of morphologically complex words were studied using an event-related brain potentials (ERP) paradigm in which EEGs were recorded during participants' silent productions of English past- and present-tense forms. Twenty-three advanced second language speakers of English (first language [L1] German) were compared to a control group of 19 L1 English speakers from an earlier study. We found a frontocentral negativity for regular relative to irregular past-tense forms (e.g., asked vs. held) during (silent) production, and no difference for the present-tense condition (e.g., asks vs. holds), replicating the ERP effect obtained for the L1 group. This ERP effect suggests that combinatorial processing is involved in producing regular past-tense forms, in both late bilinguals and L1 speakers. We also suggest that this paradigm is a useful tool for future studies of online language production.}, language = {en} } @misc{NiedlBerensteinBeta2016, author = {Niedl, Robert Raimund and Berenstein, Igal and Beta, Carsten}, title = {How imperfect mixing and differential diffusion accelerate the rate of nonlinear reactions in microfluidic channels}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95810}, pages = {6451 -- 6457}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In this paper, we show experimentally that inside a microfluidic device, where the reactants are segregated, the reaction rate of an autocatalytic clock reaction is accelerated in comparison to the case where all the reactants are well mixed. We also find that, when mixing is enhanced inside the microfluidic device by introducing obstacles into the flow, the clock reaction becomes slower in comparison to the device where mixing is less efficient. Based on numerical simulations, we show that this effect can be explained by the interplay of nonlinear reaction kinetics (cubic autocatalysis) and differential diffusion, where the autocatalytic species diffuses slower than the substrate.}, language = {en} } @misc{NakanoIkemotoJacobetal.2016, author = {Nakano, Yoko and Ikemoto, Yu and Jacob, Gunnar and Clahsen, Harald}, title = {How Orthography Modulates Morphological Priming}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91692}, pages = {10}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The current study investigates to what extent masked morphological priming is modulated by language-particular properties, specifically by its writing system. We present results from two masked priming experiments investigating the processing of complex Japanese words written in less common (moraic) scripts. In Experiment 1, participants performed lexical decisions on target verbs; these were preceded by primes which were either (i) a past-tense form of the same verb, (ii) a stem-related form with the epenthetic vowel -i, (iii) a semantically-related form, and (iv) a phonologically-related form. Significant priming effects were obtained for prime types (i), (ii), and (iii), but not for (iv). This pattern of results differs from previous findings on languages with alphabetic scripts, which found reliable masked priming effects for morphologically related prime/target pairs of type (i), but not for non-affixal and semantically-related primes of types (ii), and (iii). In Experiment 2, we measured priming effects for prime/target pairs which are neither morphologically, semantically, phonologically nor - as presented in their moraic scripts—orthographically related, but which—in their commonly written form—share the same kanji, which are logograms adopted from Chinese. The results showed a significant priming effect, with faster lexical-decision times for kanji-related prime/target pairs relative to unrelated ones. We conclude that affix-stripping is insufficient to account for masked morphological priming effects across languages, but that language-particular properties (in the case of Japanese, the writing system) affect the processing of (morphologically) complex words.}, language = {en} } @misc{ToepferTremblay2016, author = {T{\"o}pfer, Kai and Tremblay, Jean Christophe}, title = {How surface reparation prevents catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on atomic gold at defective magnesium oxide surfaces}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394978}, pages = {8}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In this contribution, we study using first principles the co-adsorption and catalytic behaviors of CO and O2 on a single gold atom deposited at defective magnesium oxide surfaces. Using cluster models and point charge embedding within a density functional theory framework, we simulate the CO oxidation reaction for Au1 on differently charged oxygen vacancies of MgO(001) to rationalize its experimentally observed lack of catalytic activity. Our results show that: (1) co-adsorption is weakly supported at F0 and F2+ defects but not at F1+ sites, (2) electron redistribution from the F0 vacancy via the Au1 cluster to the adsorbed molecular oxygen weakens the O2 bond, as required for a sustainable catalytic cycle, (3) a metastable carbonate intermediate can form on defects of the F0 type, (4) only a small activation barrier exists for the highly favorable dissociation of CO2 from F0, and (5) the moderate adsorption energy of the gold atom on the F0 defect cannot prevent insertion of molecular oxygen inside the defect. Due to the lack of protection of the color centers, the surface becomes invariably repaired by the surrounding oxygen and the catalytic cycle is irreversibly broken in the first oxidation step.}, language = {en} } @misc{GronostajWernerBochowetal.2016, author = {Gronostaj, Anna and Werner, Elise and Bochow, Eric and Vock, Miriam}, title = {How to learn things at school you don't already know}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {415}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405211}, pages = {16}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Skipping a grade, one specific form of acceleration, is an intervention used for gifted students. Quantitative research has shown acceleration to be a highly successful intervention regarding academic achievement, but less is known about the social-emotional outcomes of grade-skipping. In the present study, the authors used the grounded theory approach to examine the experiences of seven gifted students aged 8 to 16 years who skipped a grade. The interviewees perceived their feeling of being in the wrong place before the grade-skipping as strongly influenced by their teachers, who generally did not respond adequately to their needs. We observed a close interrelationship between the gifted students' intellectual fit and their social situation in class. Findings showed that the grade-skipping in most of the cases bettered the situation in school intellectually as well as socially, but soon further interventions, for instance, a specialized and demanding class- or subject-specific acceleration were added to provide sufficiently challenging learning opportunities.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-40678, title = {HPI Future SOC Lab}, editor = {Meinel, Christoph and Polze, Andreas and Oswald, Gerhard and Strotmann, Rolf and Seibold, Ulrich and Schulzki, Bernhard}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406787}, pages = {iii, 180}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The "HPI Future SOC Lab" is a cooperation of the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and industrial partners. Its mission is to enable and promote exchange and interaction between the research community and the industrial partners. The HPI Future SOC Lab provides researchers with free of charge access to a complete infrastructure of state of the art hard and software. This infrastructure includes components, which might be too expensive for an ordinary research environment, such as servers with up to 64 cores and 2 TB main memory. The offerings address researchers particularly from but not limited to the areas of computer science and business information systems. Main areas of research include cloud computing, parallelization, and In-Memory technologies. This technical report presents results of research projects executed in 2016. Selected projects have presented their results on April 5th and November 3th 2016 at the Future SOC Lab Day events.}, language = {en} } @article{Schmuck2016, author = {Schmuck, Thomas}, title = {Humboldt in Goethes Bibliothek}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XVII}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {32}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, doi = {10.18443/236}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90793}, pages = {65 -- 83}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In Goethes privater Bibliothek im Goethehaus in Weimar ist Alexander von Humboldt mehrfach vertreten: durch pers{\"o}nlich {\"u}bersandte B{\"u}cher, durch Brosch{\"u}ren und Grafiken. Einige dieser Publikationen Humboldts tragen handschriftliche Widmungen. Die Anmerkungen Goethes, seine Bearbeitungsspuren, die Bemerkungen im Tagebuch und nicht zuletzt der Briefwechsel geben Aufschluss {\"u}ber eine komplizierte Beziehung, die von Wohlwollen und von wissenschaftlichem Interesse an der Arbeit des anderen gepr{\"a}gt war, im Alter aber, insbesondere bei Humboldt, sp{\"u}rbar distanzierter wurde. Erstmals werden in diesem Beitrag alle handschriftlichen Widmungen Humboldts an Goethe abgebildet und die Publikationen Humboldts in Goethes Bibliothek in einen wissenschaftshistorischen und lebensgeschichtlichen Kontext gestellt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Pavlenko2016, author = {Pavlenko, Elena}, title = {Hybrid nanolayer architectures for ultrafast acousto-plasmonics in soft matter}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99544}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {85}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The goal of the presented work is to explore the interaction between gold nanorods (GNRs) and hyper-sound waves. For the generation of the hyper-sound I have used Azobenzene-containing polymer transducers. Multilayer polymer structures with well-defined thicknesses and smooth interfaces were built via layer-by-layer deposition. Anionic polyelectrolytes with Azobenzene side groups (PAzo) were alternated with cationic polymer PAH, for the creation of transducer films. PSS/PAH multilayer were built for spacer layers, which do not absorb in the visible light range. The properties of the PAzo/PAH film as a transducer are carefully characterized by static and transient optical spectroscopy. The optical and mechanical properties of the transducer are studied on the picosecond time scale. In particular the relative change of the refractive index of the photo-excited and expanded PAH/PAzo is Δn/n = - 2.6*10-4. Calibration of the generated strain is performed by ultrafast X-ray diffraction calibrated the strain in a Mica substrate, into which the hyper-sound is transduced. By simulating the X-ray data with a linear-chain-model the strain in the transducer under the excitation is derived to be Δd/d ~ 5*10-4. Additional to the investigation of the properties of the transducer itself, I have performed a series of experiments to study the penetration of the generated strain into various adjacent materials. By depositing the PAzo/PAH film onto a PAH/PSS structure with gold nanorods incorporated in it, I have shown that nanoscale impurities can be detected via the scattering of hyper-sound. Prior to the investigation of complex structures containing GNRs and the transducer, I have performed several sets of experiments on GNRs deposited on a small buffer of PSS/PAH. The static and transient response of GNRs is investigated for different fluence of the pump beam and for different dielectric environments (GNRs covered by PSS/PAH). A systematic analysis of sample architectures is performed in order to construct a sample with the desired effect of GNRs responding to the hyper-sound strain wave. The observed shift of a feature related to the longitudinal plasmon resonance in the transient reflection spectra is interpreted as the event of GNRs sensing the strain wave. We argue that the shift of the longitudinal plasmon resonance is caused by the viscoelastic deformation of the polymer around the nanoparticle. The deformation is induced by the out of plane difference in strain in the area directly under a particle and next to it. Simulations based on the linear chain model support this assumption. Experimentally this assumption is proven by investigating the same structure, with GNRs embedded in a PSS/PAH polymer layer. The response of GNRs to the hyper-sound wave is also observed for the sample structure with GNRs embedded in PAzo/PAH films. The response of GNRs in this case is explained to be driven by the change of the refractive index of PAzo during the strain propagation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Grewe2016, author = {Grewe, Sina}, title = {Hydro- and biogeochemical investigations of lake sediments in the Kenyan Rift Valley}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-98342}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {110}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die Seen im kenianischen Riftsystem bieten die einmalige Gelegenheit eine große Bandbreite an hydrochemischen Umweltbedingungen zu studieren, die von S{\"u}ßwasserseen bis hin zu hochsalinen und alkalinen Seen reichen. Da wenig {\"u}ber die hydro- und biogeochemischen Bedingungen in den darunterliegenden Seesedimenten bekannt ist, war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, bereits existierende Datens{\"a}tze mit Daten aus der Porenwasser- und Biomarker-Analyse zu erweitern. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden reduzierte Schwefelkomponenten und Sulfatreduktionsraten in den Sedimenten bestimmt. Mit den neu gewonnenen Daten wurde der anthropogene und mikrobielle Einfluss auf die Seesedimente untersucht sowie der Einfluss der Wasserchemie auf den Abbau und den Erhalt von organischem Material im Sediment. Zu den untersuchten Seen geh{\"o}rten: Logipi, Eight (ein kleiner Kratersee in der Region Kangirinyang), Baringo, Bogoria, Naivasha, Oloiden und Sonachi. Die Biomarker-Zusammensetzungen in den untersuchten Seesedimenten waren {\"a}hnlich; allerdings gab es einige Unterschiede zwischen den salinen Seen und den S{\"u}ßwasserseen. Einer dieser Unterschiede war das Vorkommen eines mit β-Carotin verwandten Molek{\"u}ls, das nur in den salinen Seen gefunden wurde. Dieses Molek{\"u}l stammt wahrscheinlich von Cyanobakterien, Einzellern die in großer Anzahl in salinen Seen vorkommen. In den beiden S{\"u}ßwasserseen wurde Stigmasterol gefunden, ein f{\"u}r S{\"u}ßwasseralgen charakteristisches Sterol. In dieser Studie hat sich gezeigt, dass Bogoria und Sonachi f{\"u}r Umweltrekonstruktionen mit Biomarkern besonders gut geeignet sind, da die Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff an deren Seegr{\"u}nden den Abbau von organischem Material verlangsamt. Andere Seen, wie zum Beispiel Naivasha, sind aufgrund des großen anthropogenen Einflusses weniger gut f{\"u}r solche Rekonstruktionen geeignet. Die Biomarker-Analyse bot jedoch die M{\"o}glichkeit, den menschlichen Einfluss auf den See zu studieren. Desweiteren zeigte diese Studie, dass sich Horizonte mit einem hohen Anteil an elementarem Schwefel als temporale Marker nutzen lassen. Diese Horizonte wurden zu einer Zeit abgelagert, als die Wasserpegel sehr niedrig waren. Der Schwefel wurde von Mikroorganismen abgelagert, die zu anoxygener Photosynthese oder Sulfidoxidation f{\"a}hig sind.}, language = {en} } @misc{NeugebauerSchwabWaldmannetal.2016, author = {Neugebauer, Ina and Schwab, M. J. and Waldmann, Nicolas D. and Tjallingii, Rik and Frank, U. and Hadzhiivanova, E. and Naumann, R. and Taha, N. and Agnon, Amotz and Enzel, Y. and Brauer, Achim}, title = {Hydroclimatic variability in the Levant during the early last glacial (similar to 117-75 ka) derived from micro-facies analyses of deep Dead Sea sediments}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {549}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41187}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411879}, pages = {16}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The new sediment record from the deep Dead Sea basin (ICDP core 5017-1) provides a unique archive for hydroclimatic variability in the Levant. Here, we present high-resolution sediment facies analysis and elemental composition by micro-X-ray fluorescence (mu XRF) scanning of core 5017-1 to trace lake levels and responses of the regional hydroclimatology during the time interval from ca. 117 to 75 ka, i. e. the transition between the last interglacial and the onset of the last glaciation. We distinguished six major micro-facies types and interpreted these and their alterations in the core in terms of relative lake level changes. The two end-member facies for highest and lowest lake levels are (a) up to several metres thick, greenish sediments of alternating aragonite and detrital marl laminae (aad) and (b) thick halite facies, respectively. Intermediate lake levels are characterised by detrital marls with varying amounts of aragonite, gypsum or halite, reflecting lower-amplitude, shorter-term variability. Two intervals of pronounced lake level drops occurred at similar to 110-108 +/- 5 and similar to 93-87 +/- 7 ka. They likely coincide with stadial conditions in the central Mediterranean (Melisey I and II pollen zones in Monticchio) and low global sea levels during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5d and 5b. However, our data do not support the current hypothesis of an almost complete desiccation of the Dead Sea during the earlier of these lake level low stands based on a recovered gravel layer. Based on new petrographic analyses, we propose that, although it was a low stand, this well-sorted gravel layer may be a vestige of a thick turbidite that has been washed out during drilling rather than an in situ beach deposit. Two intervals of higher lake stands at similar to 108-93 +/- 6 and similar to 87-75 +/- 7 ka correspond to interstadial conditions in the central Mediterranean, i. e. pollen zones St. Germain I and II in Monticchio, and Greenland interstadials (GI) 24+23 and 21 in Greenland, as well as to sapropels S4 and S3 in the Mediterranean Sea. These apparent correlations suggest a close link of the climate in the Levant to North Atlantic and Mediterranean climates during the time of the build-up of Northern Hemisphere ice shields in the early last glacial period.}, language = {en} } @misc{AdhikariGlombitzaNickeletal.2016, author = {Adhikari, Rishi Ram and Glombitza, Clemens and Nickel, Julia C. and Anderson, Chloe H. and Dunlea, Ann G. and Spivack, Arthur J. and Murray, Richard W. and D'Hondt, Steven and Kallmeyer, Jens}, title = {Hydrogen utilization potential in subsurface sediments}, series = {Frontiers in microbiology}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407678}, pages = {16}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Subsurface microbial communities undertake many terminal electron-accepting processes, often simultaneously. Using a tritium-based assay, we measured the potential hydrogen oxidation catalyzed by hydrogenase enzymes in several subsurface sedimentary environments (Lake Van, Barents Sea, Equatorial Pacific, and Gulf of Mexico) with different predominant electron-acceptors. Hydrogenases constitute a diverse family of enzymes expressed by microorganisms that utilize molecular hydrogen as a metabolic substrate, product, or intermediate. The assay reveals the potential for utilizing molecular hydrogen and allows qualitative detection of microbial activity irrespective of the predominant electron-accepting process. Because the method only requires samples frozen immediately after recovery, the assay can be used for identifying microbial activity in subsurface ecosystems without the need to preserve live material. We measured potential hydrogen oxidation rates in all samples from multiple depths at several sites that collectively span a wide range of environmental conditions and biogeochemical zones. Potential activity normalized to total cell abundance ranges over five orders of magnitude and varies, dependent upon the predominant terminal electron acceptor. Lowest per-cell potential rates characterize the zone of nitrate reduction and highest per-cell potential rates occur in the methanogenic zone. Possible reasons for this relationship to predominant electron acceptor include (i) increasing importance of fermentation in successively deeper biogeochemical zones and (ii) adaptation of H(2)ases to successively higher concentrations of H-2 in successively deeper zones.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bojahr2016, author = {Bojahr, Andre}, title = {Hypersound interaction studied by time-resolved inelastic light and x-ray scattering}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93860}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxiii, 201}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This publications-based thesis summarizes my contribution to the scientific field of ultrafast structural dynamics. It consists of 16 publications, about the generation, detection and coupling of coherent gigahertz longitudinal acoustic phonons, also called hypersonic waves. To generate such high frequency phonons, femtosecond near infrared laser pulses were used to heat nanostructures composed of perovskite oxides on an ultrashort timescale. As a consequence the heated regions of such a nanostructure expand and a high frequency acoustic phonon pulse is generated. To detect such coherent acoustic sound pulses I use ultrafast variants of optical Brillouin and x-ray scattering. Here an incident optical or x-ray photon is scattered by the excited sound wave in the sample. The scattered light intensity measures the occupation of the phonon modes. The central part of this work is the investigation of coherent high amplitude phonon wave packets which can behave nonlinearly, quite similar to shallow water waves which show a steepening of wave fronts or solitons well known as tsunamis. Due to the high amplitude of the acoustic wave packets in the solid, the acoustic properties can change significantly in the vicinity of the sound pulse. This may lead to a shape change of the pulse. I have observed by time-resolved Brillouin scattering, that a single cycle hypersound pulse shows a wavefront steepening. I excited hypersound pulses with strain amplitudes until 1\% which I have calibrated by ultrafast x-ray diffraction (UXRD). On the basis of this first experiment we developed the idea of the nonlinear mixing of narrowband phonon wave packets which we call "nonlinear phononics" in analogy with the nonlinear optics, which summarizes a kaleidoscope of surprising optical phenomena showing up at very high electric fields. Such phenomena are for instance Second Harmonic Generation, four-wave-mixing or solitons. But in case of excited coherent phonons the wave packets have usually very broad spectra which make it nearly impossible to look at elementary scattering processes between phonons with certain momentum and energy. For that purpose I tested different techniques to excite narrowband phonon wave packets which mainly consist of phonons with a certain momentum and frequency. To this end epitaxially grown metal films on a dielectric substrate were excited with a train of laser pulses. These excitation pulses drive the metal film to oscillate with the frequency given by their inverse temporal displacement and send a hypersonic wave of this frequency into the substrate. The monochromaticity of these wave packets was proven by ultrafast optical Brillouin and x-ray scattering. Using the excitation of such narrowband phonon wave packets I was able to observe the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) of coherent phonons as a first example of nonlinear wave mixing of nanometric phonon wave packets.}, language = {en} } @article{Simić2016, author = {Simić, Dijana}, title = {I am complicated}, series = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1}, volume = {1}, journal = {Grenzr{\"a}ume - Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-358-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92591}, pages = {129 -- 142}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @misc{ConnorZantowHustetal.2016, author = {Connor, Daniel Oliver and Zantow, Jonas and Hust, Michael and Bier, Frank Fabian and von Nickisch-Rosenegk, Markus}, title = {Identification of novel immunogenic proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by phage display}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {541}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41107}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411077}, pages = {24}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases worldwide with more than 100 million new infections per year. A lack of intense research over the last decades and increasing resistances to the recommended antibiotics call for a better understanding of gonococcal infection, fast diagnostics and therapeutic measures against N. gonorrhoeae. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify novel immunogenic proteins as a first step to advance those unresolved problems. For the identification of immunogenic proteins, pHORF oligopeptide phage display libraries of the entire N. gonorrhoeae genome were constructed. Several immunogenic oligopeptides were identified using polyclonal rabbit antibodies against N. gonorrhoeae. Corresponding full-length proteins of the identified oligopeptides were expressed and their immunogenic character was verified by ELISA. The immunogenic character of six proteins was identified for the first time. Additional 13 proteins were verified as immunogenic proteins in N. gonorrhoeae.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Connor2016, author = {Connor, Daniel Oliver}, title = {Identifikation und Charakterisierung neuer immunogener Proteine und anschließende Generierung rekombinanter Antik{\"o}rper mittels Phage Display}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-104120}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VII, 112, lv Seiten}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Seit der Einf{\"u}hrung von Antibiotika in die medizinische Behandlung von bakteriellen Infektionskrankheiten existiert ein Wettlauf zwischen der Evolution von Bakterienresistenzen und der Entwicklung wirksamer Antibiotika. W{\"a}hrend bis in die 80er Jahre verst{\"a}rkt an neuen Antibiotika geforscht wurde, gewinnen multiresistente Keime heute zunehmend die Oberhand. Um einzelne Pathogene erfolgreich nachzuweisen und zu bek{\"a}mpfen, ist ein grundlegendes Wissen {\"u}ber den Erreger unumg{\"a}nglich. Bakterielle Proteine, die bei einer Infektion vorrangig vom Immunsystem prozessiert und pr{\"a}sentiert werden, k{\"o}nnten f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Impfstoffen oder gezielten Therapeutika n{\"u}tzlich sein. Auch f{\"u}r die Diagnostik w{\"a}ren diese immundominanten Proteine interessant. Allerdings herrscht ein Mangel an Wissen {\"u}ber spezifische Antigene vieler pathogener Bakterien, die eine eindeutige Diagnostik eines einzelnen Erregers erlauben w{\"u}rden. Daher wurden in dieser Arbeit vier verschiedene Humanpathogene mittels Phage Display untersucht: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Borrelia burgdorferi und Clostridium difficile. Hierf{\"u}r wurden aus der genomischen DNA der vier Erreger Bibliotheken konstruiert und durch wiederholte Selektion und Amplifikation, dem sogenannten Panning, immunogene Proteine isoliert. F{\"u}r alle Erreger bis auf C. difficile wurden immunogene Proteine aus den jeweiligen Bibliotheken isoliert. Die identifizierten Proteine von N. meningitidis und B. burgdorferi waren gr{\"o}ßtenteils bekannt, konnten aber in dieser Arbeit durch Phage Display verifiziert werden. F{\"u}r N. gonorrhoeae wurden 21 potentiell immunogene Oligopeptide isoliert, von denen sechs Proteine als neue zuvor unbeschriebene Proteine mit immunogenem Charakter identifiziert wurden. Von den Phagen-pr{\"a}sentierten Oligopeptide der 21 immunogenen Proteine wurden Epitopmappings mit verschiedenen polyklonalen Antik{\"o}rpern durchgef{\"u}hrt, um immunogene Bereiche n{\"a}her zu identifizieren und zu charakterisieren. Bei zehn Proteinen wurden lineare Epitope eindeutig mit drei polyklonalen Antik{\"o}rpern identifiziert, von f{\"u}nf weiteren Proteinen waren Epitope mit mindestens einem Antik{\"o}rper detektierbar. F{\"u}r eine weitere Charakterisierung der ermittelten Epitope wurden Alaninscans durchgef{\"u}hrt, die eine detaillierte Auskunft {\"u}ber kritische Aminos{\"a}uren f{\"u}r die Bindung des Antik{\"o}rpers an das Epitop geben. Ausgehend von dem neu identifizierten Protein mit immunogenem Charakter NGO1634 wurden 26 weitere Proteine aufgrund ihrer funktionellen {\"A}hnlichkeit ausgew{\"a}hlt und mithilfe bioinformatischer Analysen auf ihre Eignung zur Entwicklung einer diagnostischen Anwendung analysiert. Durch Ausschluss der meisten Proteine aufgrund ihrer Lokalisation, Membrantopologie oder unspezifischen Proteinsequenz wurden scFv-Antik{\"o}rper gegen acht Proteine mittels Phage Display generiert und anschließend als scFv-Fc-Fusionsantik{\"o}rper produziert und charakterisiert. Die hier identifizierten Proteine und linearen Epitope k{\"o}nnten einen Ansatzpunkt f{\"u}r die Entwicklung einer diagnostischen oder therapeutischen Anwendung bieten. Lineare Epitopsequenzen werden h{\"a}ufig f{\"u}r die Impfstoffentwicklung eingesetzt, sodass vor allem die in dieser Arbeit bestimmten Epitope von Membranproteinen interessante Kandidaten f{\"u}r weitere Untersuchungen in diese Richtung sind. Durch weitere Untersuchungen k{\"o}nnten m{\"o}glicherweise unbekannte Virulenzfaktoren entdeckt werden, deren Inhibierung einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf Infektionen haben k{\"o}nnten.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Nietzsche2016, author = {Nietzsche, Madlen}, title = {Identifizierung und Charakterisierung neuer Komponenten der SnRK1-Signaltransduktion in Arabidopsis thaliana}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-98678}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xi, 182}, year = {2016}, abstract = {F{\"u}r alle Organismen ist die Aufrechterhaltung ihres energetischen Gleichgewichts unter fluktuierenden Umweltbedingungen lebensnotwendig. In Eukaryoten steuern evolution{\"a}r konservierte Proteinkinasen, die in Pflanzen als SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SnRK1) bezeichnet werden, die Adaption an Stresssignale aus der Umwelt und an die Limitierung von N{\"a}hrstoffen und zellul{\"a}rer Energie. Die Aktivierung von SnRK1 bedingt eine umfangreiche transkriptionelle Umprogrammierung, die allgemein zu einer Repression energiekonsumierender Prozesse wie beispielsweise Zellteilung und Proteinbiosynthese und zu einer Induktion energieerzeugender, katabolischer Stoffwechselwege f{\"u}hrt. Wie unterschiedliche Signale zu einer generellen sowie teilweise gewebe- und stressspezifischen SnRK1-vermittelten Antwort f{\"u}hren ist bisher noch nicht ausreichend gekl{\"a}rt, auch weil bislang nur wenige Komponenten der SnRK1-Signaltransduktion identifiziert wurden. In dieser Arbeit konnte ein Protein-Protein-Interaktionsnetzwerk um die SnRK1αUntereinheiten aus Arabidopsis AKIN10/AKIN11 etabliert werden. Dadurch wurden zun{\"a}chst Mitglieder der pflanzenspezifischen DUF581-Proteinfamilie als Interaktionspartner der SnRK1α-Untereinheiten identifiziert. Diese Proteine sind {\"u}ber ihre konservierte DUF581Dom{\"a}ne, in der ein Zinkfinger-Motiv lokalisiert ist, f{\"a}hig mit AKIN10/AKIN11 zu interagieren. In planta Ko-Expressionsanalysen zeigten, dass die DUF581-Proteine eine Verschiebung der nucleo-cytoplasmatischen Lokalisierung von AKIN10 hin zu einer nahezu ausschließlichen zellkernspezifischen Lokalisierung beg{\"u}nstigen sowie die Ko-Lokalisierung von AKIN10 und DUF581-Proteinen im Nucleus. In Bimolekularen Fluoreszenzkomplementations-Analysen konnte die zellkernspezifische Interaktion von DUF581-Proteinen mit SnRK1α-Untereinheiten in planta best{\"a}tigt werden. Außerhalb der DUF581-Dom{\"a}ne weisen die Proteine einander keine große Sequenz{\"a}hnlichkeit auf. Aufgrund ihrer F{\"a}higkeit mit SnRK1 zu interagieren, dem Fehlen von SnRK1Phosphorylierungsmotiven sowie ihrer untereinander sehr variabler gewebs-, entwicklungs- und stimulusspezifischer Expression wurde f{\"u}r DUF581-Proteine eine Funktion als Adaptoren postuliert, die unter bestimmten physiologischen Bedingungen spezifische Substratproteine in den SnRK1-Komplex rekrutieren. Auf diese Weise k{\"o}nnten DUF581Proteine die Interaktion von SnRK1 mit deren Zielproteinen modifizieren und eine Feinjustierung der SnRK1-Signalweiterleitung erm{\"o}glichen. Durch weiterf{\"u}hrende Interaktionsstudien konnten DUF581-interagierende Proteine darunter Transkriptionsfaktoren, Proteinkinasen sowie regulatorische Proteine gefunden werden, die teilweise ebenfalls Wechselwirkungen mit SnRK1α-Untereinheiten aufzeigten. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eines dieser Proteine f{\"u}r das eine Beteiligung an der SnRK1Signalweiterleitung als Transkriptionsregulator vermutet wurde n{\"a}her charakterisiert. STKR1 (STOREKEEPER RELATED 1), ein spezifischer Interaktionspartner von DUF581-18, geh{\"o}rt zu einer pflanzenspezifischen Leucin-Zipper-Transkriptionsfaktorfamilie und interagiert in Hefe sowie in planta mit SnRK1. Die zellkernspezifische Interaktion von STKR1 und AKIN10 in Pflanzen unterst{\"u}tzt die Vermutung der kooperativen Regulation von Zielgenen. Weiterhin stabilisierte die Anwesenheit von AKIN10 die Proteingehalte von STKR1, das wahrscheinlich {\"u}ber das 26S Proteasom abgebaut wird. Da es sich bei STKR1 um ein Phosphoprotein mit SnRK1-Phosphorylierungsmotiv handelt, stellt es sehr wahrscheinlich ein SnRK1-Substrat dar. Allerdings konnte eine SnRK1-vermittelte Phosphorylierung von STKR1 in dieser Arbeit nicht gezeigt werden. Der Verlust von einer Phosphorylierungsstelle beeinflusste die Homo- und Heterodimerisierungsf{\"a}higkeit von STKR1 in Hefeinteraktionsstudien, wodurch eine erh{\"o}hte Spezifit{\"a}t der Zielgenregulation erm{\"o}glicht werden k{\"o}nnte. Außerdem wurden Arabidopsis-Pflanzen mit einer ver{\"a}nderten STKR1-Expression ph{\"a}notypisch, physiologisch und molekularbiologisch charakterisiert. W{\"a}hrend der Verlust der STKR1-Expression zu Pflanzen f{\"u}hrte, die sich kaum von Wildtyp-Pflanzen unterschieden, bedingte die konstitutive {\"U}berexpression von STKR1 ein stark vermindertes Pflanzenwachstum sowie Entwicklungsverz{\"o}gerungen hinsichtlich der Bl{\"u}hinduktion und Seneszenz {\"a}hnlich wie sie auch bei SnRK1α-{\"U}berexpression beschrieben wurden. Pflanzen dieser Linien waren nicht in der Lage Anthocyane zu akkumulieren und enthielten geringere Gehalte an Chlorophyll und Carotinoiden. Neben einem erh{\"o}hten n{\"a}chtlichen St{\"a}rkeumsatz waren die Pflanzen durch geringere Saccharosegehalte im Vergleich zum Wildtyp gekennzeichnet. Eine Transkriptomanalyse ergab, dass in den STKR1-{\"u}berexprimierenden Pflanzen unter Energiemangelbedingungen, hervorgerufen durch eine verl{\"a}ngerte Dunkelphase, eine gr{\"o}ßere Anzahl an Genen im Vergleich zum Wildtyp differentiell reguliert war als w{\"a}hrend der Lichtphase. Dies spricht f{\"u}r eine Beteiligung von STKR1 an Prozessen, die w{\"a}hrend der verl{\"a}ngerten Dunkelphase aktiv sind. Ein solcher ist beispielsweise die SnRK1-Signaltransduktion, die unter energetischem Stress aktiviert wird. Die STKR1{\"U}berexpression f{\"u}hrte zudem zu einer verst{\"a}rkten transkriptionellen Induktion von Abwehrassoziierten Genen sowie NAC- und WRKY-Transkriptionsfaktoren nach verl{\"a}ngerter Dunkelphase. Die Transkriptomdaten deuteten auf eine stimulusunabh{\"a}ngige Induktion von Abwehrprozessen hin und konnten eine Erkl{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die ph{\"a}notypischen und physiologischen Auff{\"a}lligkeiten der STKR1-{\"U}berexprimierer liefern.}, language = {de} } @misc{PasslackSchmiedchenRailaetal.2016, author = {Paßlack, Nadine and Schmiedchen, Bettina and Raila, Jens and Schweigert, Florian J. and Stumpff, Friederike and Kohn, Barbara and Neumann, Konrad and Zentek, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Impact of increasing dietary calcium levels on calcium excretion and vitamin D metabolites in the blood of healthy adult cats}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {542}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41130}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411302}, pages = {19}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background Dietary calcium (Ca) concentrations might affect regulatory pathways within the Ca and vitamin D metabolism and consequently excretory mechanisms. Considering large variations in Ca concentrations of feline diets, the physiological impact on Ca homeostasis has not been evaluated to date. In the present study, diets with increasing concentrations of dicalcium phosphate were offered to ten healthy adult cats (Ca/phosphorus (P): 6.23/6.02, 7.77/7.56, 15.0/12.7, 19.0/17.3, 22.2/19.9, 24.3/21.6 g/kg dry matter). Each feeding period was divided into a 10-day adaptation and an 8-day sampling period in order to collect urine and faeces. On the last day of each feeding period, blood samples were taken. Results Urinary Ca concentrations remained unaffected, but faecal Ca concentrations increased (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary Ca levels. No effect on whole and intact parathyroid hormone levels, fibroblast growth factor 23 and calcitriol concentrations in the blood of the cats were observed. However, the calcitriol precursors 25(OH)D-2 and 25(OH)D-3, which are considered the most useful indicators for the vitamin D status, decreased with higher dietary Ca levels (P = 0.013 and P = 0.033). Increasing dietary levels of dicalcium phosphate revealed an acidifying effect on urinary fasting pH (6.02) and postprandial pH (6.01) (P < 0.001), possibly mediated by an increase of urinary phosphorus (P) concentrations (P < 0.001). Conclusions In conclusion, calcitriol precursors were linearly affected by increasing dietary Ca concentrations. The increase in faecal Ca excretion indicates that Ca homeostasis of cats is mainly regulated in the intestine and not by the kidneys. Long-term studies should investigate the physiological relevance of the acidifying effect observed when feeding diets high in Ca and P.}, language = {en} } @misc{SiegmundWiedermannDongesetal.2016, author = {Siegmund, Jonatan Frederik and Wiedermann, Marc and Donges, Jonathan and Donner, Reik Volker}, title = {Impact of temperature and precipitation extremes on the flowering dates of four German wildlife shrub species}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {497}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-40835}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408352}, pages = {15}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Ongoing climate change is known to cause an increase in the frequency and amplitude of local temperature and precipitation extremes in many regions of the Earth. While gradual changes in the climatological conditions have already been shown to strongly influence plant flowering dates, the question arises if and how extremes specifically impact the timing of this important phenological phase. Studying this question calls for the application of statistical methods that are tailored to the specific properties of event time series. Here, we employ event coincidence analysis, a novel statistical tool that allows assessing whether or not two types of events exhibit similar sequences of occurrences in order to systematically quantify simultaneities between meteorological extremes and the timing of the flowering of four shrub species across Germany. Our study confirms previous findings of experimental studies by highlighting the impact of early spring temperatures on the flowering of the investigated plants. However, previous studies solely based on correlation analysis do not allow deriving explicit estimates of the strength of such interdependencies without further assumptions, a gap that is closed by our analysis. In addition to direct impacts of extremely warm and cold spring temperatures, our analysis reveals statistically significant indications of an influence of temperature extremes in the autumn preceding the flowering.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Sauermann2016, author = {Sauermann, Antje}, title = {Impact of the type of referring expression on the acquisition of word order variation}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-330-5}, issn = {1869-3822}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-89409}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This dissertation examines the impact of the type of referring expression on the acquisition of word order variation in German-speaking preschoolers. A puzzle in the area of language acquisition concerns the production-comprehension asymmetry for non-canonical sentences like "Den Affen f{\"a}ngt die Kuh." ("The monkey, the cow chases."), that is, preschoolers usually have difficulties in accurately understanding non-canonical sentences approximately until age six (e.g., Dittmar et al., 2008) although they produce non-canonical sentences already around age three (e.g., Poeppel \& Wexler, 1993; Weissenborn, 1990). This dissertation investigated the production and comprehension of non-canonical sentences to address this issue. Three corpus analyses were conducted to investigate the impact of givenness, topic status and the type of referring expression on word order in the spontaneous speech of two- to four-year-olds and the child-directed speech produced by their mothers. The positioning of the direct object in ditransitive sentences was examined; in particular, sentences in which the direct object occurred before or after the indirect object in the sentence-medial positions and sentences in which it occurred in the sentence-initial position. The results reveal similar ordering patterns for children and adults. Word order variation was to a large extent predictable from the type of referring expression, especially with respect to the word order involving the sentence-medial positions. Information structure (e.g., topic status) had an additional impact only on word order variation that involved the sentence-initial position. Two comprehension experiments were conducted to investigate whether the type of referring expression and topic status influences the comprehension of non-canonical transitive sentences in four- and five-year-olds. In the first experiment, the topic status of the one of the sentential arguments was established via a preceding context sentence, and in the second experiment, the type of referring expression for the sentential arguments was additionally manipulated by using either a full lexical noun phrase (NP) or a personal pronoun. The results demonstrate that children's comprehension of non-canonical sentences improved when the topic argument was realized as a personal pronoun and this improvement was independent of the grammatical role of the arguments. However, children's comprehension was not improved when the topic argument was realized as a lexical NP. In sum, the results of both production and comprehension studies support the view that referring expressions may be seen as a sentence-level cue to word order and to the information status of the sentential arguments. The results highlight the important role of the type of referring expression on the acquisition of word order variation and indicate that the production-comprehension asymmetry is reduced when the type of referring expression is considered.}, language = {en} } @misc{ReibisSalzwedelBuhlertetal.2016, author = {Reibis, Rona Katharina and Salzwedel, Annett and Buhlert, Hermann and Wegscheider, Karl and Eichler, Sarah and V{\"o}ller, Heinz}, title = {Impact of training methods and patient characteristics on exercise capacity in patients in cardiovascular rehabilitation}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {442}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405302}, pages = {8}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Aim: We aimed to identify patient characteristics and comorbidities that correlate with the initial exercise capacity of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients and to study the significance of patient characteristics, comorbidities and training methods for training achievements and final fitness of CR patients. Methods: We studied 557 consecutive patients (51.7 {\AE} 6.9 years; 87.9\% men) admitted to a three-week in-patient CR. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) was performed at discharge. Exercise capacity (watts) at entry, gain in training volume and final physical fitness (assessed by peak O 2 utilization (VO 2peak ) were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models. Results: Mean training intensity was 90.7 {\AE} 9.7\% of maximum heart rate (81\% continuous/19\% interval training, 64\% additional strength training). A total of 12.2 {\AE} 2.6 bicycle exercise training sessions were performed. Increase of training volume by an average of more than 100\% was achieved (difference end/beginning of CR: 784 {\AE} 623 watts {\^A} min). In the multivariate model the gain in training volume was significantly associated with smoking, age and exercise capacity at entry of CR. The physical fitness level achieved at discharge from CR as assessed by VO 2peak was mainly dependent on age, but also on various factors related to training, namely exercise capacity at entry, increase of training volume and training method. Conclusion: CR patients were trained in line with current guidelines with moderate-to-high intensity and reached a considerable increase of their training volume. The physical fitness level achieved at discharge from CR depended on various factors associated with training, which supports the recommendation that CR should be offered to all cardiac patients.}, language = {en} } @misc{WalterCollenburgJaptoketal.2016, author = {Walter, Tim and Collenburg, Lena and Japtok, Lukasz and Kleuser, Burkhard and Schneider-Schaulies, Sibylle and M{\"u}ller, Nora and Becam, Jerome and Schubert-Unkmeir, Alexandra and Kong, Ji Na and Bieberich, Erhard and Seibel, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Incorporation and visualization of azido-functionalized N-oleoyl serinol in Jurkat cells, mouse brain astrocytes, 3T3 fibroblasts and human brain microvascular endothelial cells}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394960}, pages = {3}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The synthesis and biological evaluation of azido-N-oleoyl serinol is reported. It mimicks biofunctional lipid ceramides and has shown to be capable of click reactions for cell membrane imaging in Jurkat and human brain microvascular endothelial cells.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Intziegianni2016, author = {Intziegianni, Konstantina}, title = {Influence of age and pathology on Achilles tendon properties under functional tasks}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-398732}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ix, 85, xii}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy increases with age, leading to a weaker tendon with predisposition to rupture. Previous studies, investigating Achilles tendon (AT) properties, are restricted to standardized isometric conditions. Knowledge regarding the influence of age and pa-thology on AT response under functional tasks remains limited. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to investigate the influence of age and pathology on AT properties during a single-leg vertical jump. Healthy children, asymptomatic adults and patients with Achilles tendinopathy participated. Ultrasonography was used to assess AT-length, AT-cross-sectional area and AT-elongation. The reliability of the methodology used was evaluated both Intra- and inter-rater at rest and at maximal isometric plantar-flexion contraction and was further implemented to investigate tendon properties during functional task. During the functional task a single-leg vertical jump on a force plate was performed while simultaneously AT elongation and vertical ground reaction forces were recorded. AT compliance [mm/N] (elongation/force) and AT strain [\%] (elongation/length) were calculated. Differences between groups were evaluated with respect to age (children vs. adults) and pathology (asymptomatic adults vs. patients). Good to excellent reliability with low levels of variability was achieved in the assessment of AT properties. During the jumps AT elongation was found to be statistical significant higher in children. However, no statistical significant difference was found for force among the groups. AT compliance and strain were found to be statistical significant higher only in children. No significant differences were found between asymptomatic adults and patients with tendinopathy. The methodology used to assess AT properties is reliable, allowing its implementation into further investigations. Higher AT-compliance in children might be considered as a protective factor against load-related injuries. During functional task, when higher forces are acting on the AT, tendinopathy does not result in a weaker tendon.}, language = {en} } @misc{MuellerCarlsohnMuelleretal.2016, author = {M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Carlsohn, Anja and M{\"u}ller, Juliane and Baur, Heiner and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Influence of Obesity on Foot Loading Characteristics in Gait for Children Aged 1 to 12 Years}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90108}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background Overweight and obesity are increasing health problems that are not restricted to adults only. Childhood obesity is associated with metabolic, psychological and musculoskeletal comorbidities. However, knowledge about the effect of obesity on the foot function across maturation is lacking. Decreased foot function with disproportional loading characteristics is expected for obese children. The aim of this study was to examine foot loading characteristics during gait of normal-weight, overweight and obese children aged 1-12 years. Methods A total of 10382 children aged one to twelve years were enrolled in the study. Finally, 7575 children (m/f: n = 3630/3945; 7.0 +/- 2.9yr; 1.23 +/- 0.19m; 26.6 +/- 10.6kg; BMI: 17.1 +/- 2.4kg/m(2)) were included for (complete case) data analysis. Children were categorized to normalweight (>= 3rd and <90th percentile; n = 6458), overweight (>= 90rd and <97th percentile; n = 746) or obese (>97th percentile; n = 371) according to the German reference system that is based on age and gender-specific body mass indices (BMI). Plantar pressure measurements were assessed during gait on an instrumented walkway. Contact area, arch index (AI), peak pressure (PP) and force time integral (FTI) were calculated for the total, fore-, mid-and hindfoot. Data was analyzed descriptively (mean +/- SD) followed by ANOVA/Welch-test (according to homogeneity of variances: yes/no) for group differences according to BMI categorization (normal-weight, overweight, obesity) and for each age group 1 to 12yrs (post-hoc Tukey Kramer/Dunnett's C; alpha = 0.05). Results Mean walking velocity was 0.95 +/- 0.25 m/s with no differences between normal-weight, overweight or obese children (p = 0.0841). Results show higher foot contact area, arch index, peak pressure and force time integral in overweight and obese children (p< 0.001). Obese children showed the 1.48-fold (1 year-old) to 3.49-fold (10 year-old) midfoot loading (FTI) compared to normal-weight. Conclusion Additional body mass leads to higher overall load, with disproportional impact on the midfoot area and longitudinal foot arch showing characteristic foot loading patterns. Already the feet of one and two year old children are significantly affected. Childhood overweight and obesity is not compensated by the musculoskeletal system. To avoid excessive foot loading with potential risk of discomfort or pain in childhood, prevention strategies should be developed and validated for children with a high body mass index and functional changes in the midfoot area. The presented plantar pressure values could additionally serve as reference data to identify suspicious foot loading patterns in children.}, language = {en} } @misc{HeonKlin2016, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {H{\´e}on-Klin, V{\´e}ronique}, title = {Informations- und Wissensaustausch sowie Lernen in Netzwerken der hochspezialisierten Gesundheitsversorgung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405963}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {V, 121}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Mit der Patientenmobilit{\"a}tsrichtlinie (2011/24/EU) wurde eine verbindliche gesetzliche Grundlage geschaffen, im Bereich der hochspezialisierten Gesundheitsversorgung freiwillig und in strukturierter Form in europ{\"a}ischen Referenznetzwerken (ERN) von Gesundheits-dienstleistern und Fachzentren zusammenzuarbeiten. Dabei kommt dem Austausch von Fachwissen eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Diese qualitative Studie geht der Frage nach, wel-che wesentlichen Faktoren den Informations- und Wissensaustausch sowie das Lernen in Netzwerken beeinflussen und wie diese gef{\"o}rdert werden k{\"o}nnen. Es werden Netzwerkkoor-dinatoren und deren steuernde Einheiten in den hochspezialisierten Versorgungsbereichen Krebs und Seltene Erkrankungen in Deutschland und in Frankreich sowie auf europ{\"a}ischer Ebene befragt. Die Studie wird durch einen Literaturvergleich von bi- und trilateralen Ge-sundheitskooperationen mit multilateralen Netzwerken erg{\"a}nzt. F{\"u}r die ERN wird die zentra-le Bedeutung der digitalen Medien und Technologien herausgearbeitet sowie die Empfeh-lung ausgesprochen, die ERN ein systematisches Wissensverwendungs- und -generierungskonzept erarbeiten zu lassen. Durch die zuk{\"u}nftigen ERN wird die vernetzte Informationsgesellschaft Einzug in die medizinische Praxis halten.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Wang2016, author = {Wang, Victor-C.}, title = {Injury and illness risk factors for elite athletes in training environment}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100925}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {viii, 84, ix}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Since 1998, elite athletes' sport injuries have been monitored in single sport event, which leads to the development of first comprehensive injury surveillance system in multi-sport Olympic Games in 2008. However, injury and illness occurred in training phases have not been systematically studied due to its multi-facets, potentially interactive risk related factors. The present thesis aim to address issues of feasibility of establishing a validated measure for injury/illness, training environment and psychosocial risk factors by creating the evaluation tool namely risk of injury questionnaire (Risk-IQ) for elite athletes, which based on IOC consensus statement 2009 recommended content of preparticipation evaluation(PPE) and periodic health exam (PHE). A total of 335 top level athletes and a total of 88 medical care providers from Germany and Taiwan participated in tow "cross-sectional plus longitudinal" Risk-IQ and MCPQ surveys respectively. Four categories of injury/illness related risk factors questions were asked in Risk-IQ for athletes while injury risk and psychological related questions were asked in MCPQ for MCP cohorts. Answers were quantified scales wise/subscales wise before analyzed with other factors/scales. In addition, adapted variables such as sport format were introduced for difference task of analysis. Validated with 2-wyas translation and test-retest reliabilities, the Risk-IQ was proved to be in good standard which were further confirmed by analyzed results from official surveys in both Germany and Taiwan. The result of Risk-IQ revealed that elite athletes' accumulated total injuries, in general, were multi-factor dependent; influencing factors including but not limited to background experiences, medical history, PHE and PPE medical resources as well as stress from life events. Injuries of different body parts were sport format and location specific. Additionally, medical support of PPE and PHE indicated significant difference between German and Taiwan. The result of the present thesis confirmed that it is feasible to construct a comprehensive evalua-tion instrument for heterogeneous elite athletes cohorts' risk factor analysis for injury/illness oc-curred during their non-competition periods. In average and with many moderators involved, Ger-man elite athletes have superior medical care support yet suffered more severe injuries than Tai-wanese counterparts. Opinions of injury related psychological issues reflected differently on vari-ous MCP groups irrespective of different nationalities. In general, influencing factors and interac-tions existed among relevant factors in both studies which implied further investigation with multiple regression analysis is needed for better understanding.}, language = {en} } @misc{LukoszekFeistIgnatova2016, author = {Lukoszek, Radoslaw and Feist, Peter and Ignatova, Zoya}, title = {Insights into the adaptive response of Arabidopsis thaliana to prolonged thermal stress by ribosomal profiling and RNA-Seq}, series = {BMC plant biology}, journal = {BMC plant biology}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407262}, pages = {13}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: Environmental stress puts organisms at risk and requires specific stress-tailored responses to maximize survival. Long-term exposure to stress necessitates a global reprogramming of the cellular activities at different levels of gene expression. Results: Here, we use ribosome profiling and RNA sequencing to globally profile the adaptive response of Arabidopsis thaliana to prolonged heat stress. To adapt to long heat exposure, the expression of many genes is modulated in a coordinated manner at a transcriptional and translational level. However, a significant group of genes opposes this trend and shows mainly translational regulation. Different secondary structure elements are likely candidates to play a role in regulating translation of those genes. Conclusions: Our data also uncover on how the subunit stoichiometry of multimeric protein complexes in plastids is maintained upon heat exposure.}, language = {en} } @article{Zenin2016, author = {Zenin, Sergej}, title = {Institut der B{\"u}rgerschaft in der Entwicklung der Bundesbeziehungen in Russland}, series = {Dritte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 13.-17.10.2014, mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, volume = {3}, journal = {Dritte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 13.-17.10.2014, mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-340-4}, issn = {2199-9686}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91967}, pages = {93 -- 95}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Thesen}, language = {de} } @misc{KuhlmannWayenberg2016, author = {Kuhlmann, Sabine and Wayenberg, Ellen}, title = {Institutional impact assessment in multi-level systems}, series = {International review of administrative sciences}, volume = {82}, journal = {International review of administrative sciences}, number = {2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405314}, pages = {22}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Comparative literature on institutional reforms in multi-level systems proceeds from a global trend towards the decentralization of state functions. However, there is only scarce knowledge about the impact that decentralization has had, in particular, upon the sub-central governments involved. How does it affect regional and local governments? Do these reforms also have unintended outcomes on the sub-central level and how can this be explained? This article aims to develop a conceptual framework to assess the impacts of decentralization on the sub-central level from a comparative and policyoriented perspective. This framework is intended to outline the major patterns and models of decentralization and the theoretical assumptions regarding de-/re-centralization impacts, as well as pertinent cross-country approaches meant to evaluate and compare institutional reforms. It will also serve as an analytical guideline and a structural basis for all the country-related articles in this Special Issue.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{GonzalezCamargo2016, author = {Gonzalez Camargo, Rodolfo}, title = {Insulin resistance in cancer cachexia and metabolic syndrome}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100973}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {104}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The ever-increasing fat content in Western diet, combined with decreased levels of physical activity, greatly enhance the incidence of metabolic-related diseases. Cancer cachexia (CC) and Metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both multifactorial highly complex metabolism related syndromes, whose etiology is not fully understood, as the mechanisms underlying their development are not completely unveiled. Nevertheless, despite being considered "opposite sides", MetS and CC share several common issues such as insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. In these scenarios, tissue macrophages act as key players, due to their capacity to produce and release inflammatory mediators. One of the main features of MetS is hyperinsulinemia, which is generally associated with an attempt of the β-cell to compensate for diminished insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance). There is growing evidence that hyperinsulinemia per se may contribute to the development of insulin resistance, through the establishment of low grade inflammation in insulin responsive tissues, especially in the liver (as insulin is secreted by the pancreas into the portal circulation). The hypothesis of the present study was that insulin may itself provoke an inflammatory response culminating in diminished hepatic insulin sensitivity. To address this premise, firstly, human cell line U937 differentiated macrophages were exposed to insulin, LPS and PGE2. In these cells, insulin significantly augmented the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-8, CCL2, Oncostatin M (OSM) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES1), and of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10. Moreover, the synergism between insulin and LPS enhanced the induction provoked by LPS in IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, CCL2 and TNF-α gene. When combined with PGE2, insulin enhanced the induction provoked by PGE2 in IL-1β, mPGES1 and COX2, and attenuated the inhibition induced by PGE2 in CCL2 and TNF-α gene expression contributing to an enhanced inflammatory response by both mechanisms. Supernatants of insulin-treated U937 macrophages reduced the insulin-dependent induction of glucokinase in hepatocytes by 50\%. Cytokines contained in the supernatant of insulin-treated U937 macrophages also activated hepatocytes ERK1/2, resulting in inhibitory serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate. Additionally, the transcription factor STAT3 was activated by phosphorylation resulting in the induction of SOCS3, which is capable of interrupting the insulin receptor signal chain. MicroRNAs, non-coding RNAs linked to protein expression regulation, nowadays recognized as active players in the generation of several inflammatory disorders such as cancer and type II diabetes are also of interest. Considering that in cancer cachexia, patients are highly affected by insulin resistance and inflammation, control, non-cachectic and cachectic cancer patients were selected and the respective circulating levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and microRNA-21-5p, a posttranscriptional regulator of STAT3 expression, assessed and correlated. Cachectic patients circulating cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 levels were significantly higher than those of non-cachectic and controls, and the expression of microRNA-21-5p was significantly lower. Additionally, microRNA-21-5p reduced expression correlated negatively with IL-6 plasma levels. These results indicate that hyperinsulinemia per se might contribute to the low grade inflammation prevailing in MetS patients and thereby promote the development of insulin resistance particularly in the liver. Diminished MicroRNA-21-5p expression may enhance inflammation and STAT3 expression in cachectic patients, contributing to the development of insulin resistance.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mueller2016, author = {Mueller, Stefanie}, title = {Interacting with personal fabrication devices}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100908}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxi, 108}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Personal fabrication tools, such as 3D printers, are on the way of enabling a future in which non-technical users will be able to create custom objects. However, while the hardware is there, the current interaction model behind existing design tools is not suitable for non-technical users. Today, 3D printers are operated by fabricating the object in one go, which tends to take overnight due to the slow 3D printing technology. Consequently, the current interaction model requires users to think carefully before printing as every mistake may imply another overnight print. Planning every step ahead, however, is not feasible for non-technical users as they lack the experience to reason about the consequences of their design decisions. In this dissertation, we propose changing the interaction model around personal fabrication tools to better serve this user group. We draw inspiration from personal computing and argue that the evolution of personal fabrication may resemble the evolution of personal computing: Computing started with machines that executed a program in one go before returning the result to the user. By decreasing the interaction unit to single requests, turn-taking systems such as the command line evolved, which provided users with feedback after every input. Finally, with the introduction of direct-manipulation interfaces, users continuously interacted with a program receiving feedback about every action in real-time. In this dissertation, we explore whether these interaction concepts can be applied to personal fabrication as well. We start with fabricating an object in one go and investigate how to tighten the feedback-cycle on an object-level: We contribute a method called low-fidelity fabrication, which saves up to 90\% fabrication time by creating objects as fast low-fidelity previews, which are sufficient to evaluate key design aspects. Depending on what is currently being tested, we propose different conversions that enable users to focus on different parts: faBrickator allows for a modular design in the early stages of prototyping; when users move on WirePrint allows quickly testing an object's shape, while Platener allows testing an object's technical function. We present an interactive editor for each technique and explain the underlying conversion algorithms. By interacting on smaller units, such as a single element of an object, we explore what it means to transition from systems that fabricate objects in one go to turn-taking systems. We start with a 2D system called constructable: Users draw with a laser pointer onto the workpiece inside a laser cutter. The drawing is captured with an overhead camera. As soon as the the user finishes drawing an element, such as a line, the constructable system beautifies the path and cuts it--resulting in physical output after every editing step. We extend constructable towards 3D editing by developing a novel laser-cutting technique for 3D objects called LaserOrigami that works by heating up the workpiece with the defocused laser until the material becomes compliant and bends down under gravity. While constructable and LaserOrigami allow for fast physical feedback, the interaction is still best described as turn-taking since it consists of two discrete steps: users first create an input and afterwards the system provides physical output. By decreasing the interaction unit even further to a single feature, we can achieve real-time physical feedback: Input by the user and output by the fabrication device are so tightly coupled that no visible lag exists. This allows us to explore what it means to transition from turn-taking interfaces, which only allow exploring one option at a time, to direct manipulation interfaces with real-time physical feedback, which allow users to explore the entire space of options continuously with a single interaction. We present a system called FormFab, which allows for such direct control. FormFab is based on the same principle as LaserOrigami: It uses a workpiece that when warmed up becomes compliant and can be reshaped. However, FormFab achieves the reshaping not based on gravity, but through a pneumatic system that users can control interactively. As users interact, they see the shape change in real-time. We conclude this dissertation by extrapolating the current evolution into a future in which large numbers of people use the new technology to create objects. We see two additional challenges on the horizon: sustainability and intellectual property. We investigate sustainability by demonstrating how to print less and instead patch physical objects. We explore questions around intellectual property with a system called Scotty that transfers objects without creating duplicates, thereby preserving the designer's copyright.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrauseBekkeringPrattetal.2016, author = {Krause, Florian and Bekkering, Harold and Pratt, Jay and Lindemann, Oliver}, title = {Interaction between numbers and size during visual search}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {623}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43544}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435442}, pages = {664 -- 677}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The current study investigates an interaction between numbers and physical size (i.e. size congruity) in visual search. In three experiments, participants had to detect a physically large (or small) target item among physically small (or large) distractors in a search task comprising single-digit numbers. The relative numerical size of the digits was varied, such that the target item was either among the numerically large or small numbers in the search display and the relation between numerical and physical size was either congruent or incongruent. Perceptual differences of the stimuli were controlled by a condition in which participants had to search for a differently coloured target item with the same physical size and by the usage of LCD-style numbers that were matched in visual similarity by shape transformations. The results of all three experiments consistently revealed that detecting a physically large target item is significantly faster when the numerical size of the target item is large as well (congruent), compared to when it is small (incongruent). This novel finding of a size congruity effect in visual search demonstrates an interaction between numerical and physical size in an experimental setting beyond typically used binary comparison tasks, and provides important new evidence for the notion of shared cognitive codes for numbers and sensorimotor magnitudes. Theoretical consequences for recent models on attention, magnitude representation and their interactions are discussed.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kaethner2016, author = {K{\"a}thner, Jana}, title = {Interaction of spatial variability characterized by soil electrical conductivity and plant water status related to generative growth of fruit trees}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-397666}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xviii, 104, IV}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Precision horticulture beschreibt ein neues Bewirtschaftungskonzept im Gartenbau, bei dem teilfl{\"a}chenspezifisch oder an den Einzelbaum angepasste Maßnahmen eine ressourcenschonende, intensitve Produktion erm{\"o}glichen. Die Datengrundlage wird aus r{\"a}umlich aufgel{\"o}sten Messungen aus der Produktionsanlage gewonnen, wobei sowohl kurzfristige Faktoren wie der effektive Pflanzenwasserzustand als auch langfristige Faktoren wie die Bodenvariabilit{\"a}t zur Informationsgewinnung genutzt werden k{\"o}nnen. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst eine Untersuchung der scheinbaren elektrischen Leitf{\"a}higkeit des Bodens (ECa), des Pflanzenwasserzustandes und der Fruchtqualit{\"a}t (zum Beispiel: Fruchtgr{\"o}ße) bei Prunus domestica L. (Pflaume) und Citrus x aurantium, Syn. Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit). Zielsetzungen der vorliegenden Arbeit waren (i) die Charakterisierung der 3D-Verteilung der scheinbaren elektrischen Leitf{\"a}higkeit des Bodens und Variabilit{\"a}t des Pflanzenwasserzustandes; (ii) die Untersuchung der Interaktion zwischen ECa, kumulativer Wassernutzungseffizienz (WUEc) und des crop water stress index (CWSI) bezogen auf die Fruchtqualit{\"a}t sowie (iii) eine M{\"o}glichkeit zur Einteilung von einzelnen B{\"a}umen hinsichtlich der Bew{\"a}sserung. Dazu fanden die Hauptuntersuchungen in der Pflaumenanlage statt. Diese Obstanlage befindet sich in Hanglage (3°) auf pleistoz{\"a}nen und postpleistoz{\"a}nen Substraten in semi-humiden Klima (Potsdam, Deutschland) und umfasst eine Fl{\"a}che von 0,37 ha mit 156 B{\"a}umen der Kultursorte ˈTophit Plusˈ auf der Unterlage Wavit. Die Anlage wurde 2009 mit ein und zwei-j{\"a}hrigen B{\"a}umen in einem Pflanzabstand von 4 m entlang der Bew{\"a}sserung und 5 m zwischen den Reihen angelegt. Dreimal pro Woche wurden die B{\"a}ume mit einer 50 cm {\"u}ber dem Boden installierten Tr{\"o}pfchenbew{\"a}sserung mit 1,6 l pro Baum bew{\"a}ssert. Mit Hilfe geoelektrischer Messungen wurde die scheinbare elektrische Leitf{\"a}higkeit des Oberbodens (0,25 m) mit einem Elektrodenabstand von 0,5 m (4-point light hp) an jedem Baum gemessen. Dadurch wurde die Anlage hinsichtlich ECa r{\"a}umlich charakterisiert. Zus{\"a}tzlich erfolgten Tomographiemessungen zur 3D-Charakterisierung der ECa und punktuell die Beprobung von Bohrlochprofilen bis 1 m Tiefe. Die vegetativen, generativen und Fruchtqualit{\"a}tsdaten wurden an jedem Baum erhoben. Der momentane Pflanzenwasserzustand wurde mit der etablierten Scholander-Methode zur Wasserpotentialanalyse (Scholander Bombe) punktuell und mit Thermalaufnahmen fl{\"a}chendeckend bestimmt. Die Thermalaufnahmen erfolgten mit einer Infrarot-Kamera (ThermaCam SC 500), die auf einem Traktor in 3,3 m H{\"o}he {\"u}ber dem Boden montiert war. Die Thermalaufnahmen (320 x 240 Pixel) der Kronenoberfl{\"a}che wurden mit einem {\"O}ffnungswinkel von 45° und einer geometrischen Aufl{\"o}sung von 6,41 mm x 8,54 mm aufgenommen. Mit Hilfe der Kronentemperatur aus den Thermalbildern und den Temperaturen eines nassen und trockenen Referenzblattes wurde der CWSI berechnet. Es wurde die Anpassung des CWSI f{\"u}r die Messung in semi-humidem Klima erarbeitet, wobei die Erhebung der Referenztemperaturen automatisiert aus den Thermalbildern erfolgte. Die Boniturdaten wurden mit Hilfe eines Varianz-Stabilisierungsverfahrens in eine Normalverteilung transformiert. Die statistischen Analysen sowie die automatisierte Auswertungsroutine erfolgten mit eigenen Skripten in MATLAB® (R2010b sowie R2016a) und einem freien Programm (spatialtoolbox). Die Hot-spot Analysen dienten der Pr{\"u}fung, ob ein beobachtetes Muster statistisch signifikant ist. Evaluiert wurde die Methode mit der etablierten k-mean Analyse. Zum Testen der Hot-spot Analyse wurden ECa, Stammumfang und Ertrag Daten aus einer Grapefruitanlage (Adana, T{\"u}rkei) mit 179 B{\"a}umen auf einem Boden vom Typ Xerofkuvent mit toniger und tonig-lehmiger Textur herangezogen. Die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Interaktion zwischen den kritischen Werten aus den Boden- und Pflanzenwasserzustandsinformationen zu den vegetativen und generativen Pflanzenwachtumsvariablen erfolgte durch die Anwendung der ANOVA und die Ermittlung des Korrelationskoeffizienten. In der Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Variabilit{\"a}t der Boden- und Pflanzeninformationen in Obstanlagen auch kleinr{\"a}umig hoch ist. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die r{\"a}umlich gefundenen Muster in den ECa {\"u}ber die Jahre zwischen 2011-2012 (r = 0.88) beziehungsweise 2012-2013 (r = 0.71) stabil geblieben sind. Zum anderen wurde gezeigt, dass eine CWSI-Bestimmung auch im semi-humiden Klima m{\"o}glich ist. Es wurde ein Zusammenhang (r = - 0.65, p < 0.0001) mit der etablierten Methode der Blattwasser-potentialanalyse ermittelt. Die Interaktion zwischen der ECa aus verschiedenen Tiefen und den Pflanzenvariablen ergab einen hoch signifikanten Zusammenhang mit dem Oberboden, in dem das Bew{\"a}sserungswasser zu finden war. Es wurde eine Korrelation zwischen Ertrag und ECatopsoil von r = 0.52 ermittelt. Durch die Anwendung der Hot-spot Analyse konnten Extremwerte in den r{\"a}umlichen Daten ermittelt werden. Diese Extrema dienten zur Einteilung der Zonen in cold-spot, random und hot-spot. Die random Zone weist die h{\"o}chsten Korrelationen zu den Pflanzenvariablen auf. Ferner konnte gezeigt werden, dass bereits im semi-humiden Klima der Pflanzenwasserstatus entscheidend zur Fruchtqualit{\"a}t beitr{\"a}gt. Zusammenfassend l{\"a}sst sich sagen, dass die r{\"a}umliche Variabilit{\"a}t der Fruchtqualit{\"a}t durch die Interaktion von Wassernutzungseffizienz und CWSI sowie in geringerem Maße durch den ECa des Bodens. In der Pflaumenanlage im semi-humiden Klima war die Bew{\"a}sserung ausschlaggebend f{\"u}r die Produktion von qualitativ hochwertigen Fr{\"u}chten.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZurnicHuetterRzehaetal.2016, author = {Zurnic, Irena and H{\"u}tter, Sylvia and Rzeha, Ute and Stanke, Nicole and Reh, Juliane and M{\"u}llers, Erik and Hamann, Martin V. and Kern, Tobias and Gerresheim, Gesche K. and Lindel, Fabian and Serrao, Erik and Lesbats, Paul and Engelman, Alan N. and Cherepanov, Peter and Lindemann, Dirk}, title = {Interactions of prototype foamy virus capsids with host cell polo-like kinases are important for efficient viral DNA integration}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {580}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41131}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411317}, pages = {36}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Unlike for other retroviruses, only a few host cell factors that aid the replication of foamy viruses (FVs) via interaction with viral structural components are known. Using a yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) screen with prototype FV (PFV) Gag protein as bait we identified human polo-like kinase 2 (hPLK2), a member of cell cycle regulatory kinases, as a new interactor of PFV capsids. Further Y2H studies confirmed interaction of PFV Gag with several PLKs of both human and rat origin. A consensus Ser-Thr/Ser-Pro (S-T/S-P) motif in Gag, which is conserved among primate FVs and phosphorylated in PFV virions, was essential for recognition by PLKs. In the case of rat PLK2, functional kinase and polo-box domains were required for interaction with PFV Gag. Fluorescently-tagged PFV Gag, through its chromatin tethering function, selectively relocalized ectopically expressed eGFP-tagged PLK proteins to mitotic chromosomes in a Gag STP motif-dependent manner, confirming a specific and dominant nature of the Gag-PLK interaction in mammalian cells. The functional relevance of the Gag-PLK interaction was examined in the context of replication-competent FVs and single-round PFV vectors. Although STP motif mutated viruses displayed wild type (wt) particle release, RNA packaging and intra-particle reverse transcription, their replication capacity was decreased 3-fold in single-cycle infections, and up to 20-fold in spreading infections over an extended time period. Strikingly similar defects were observed when cells infected with single-round wt Gag PFV vectors were treated with a pan PLK inhibitor. Analysis of entry kinetics of the mutant viruses indicated a post-fusion defect resulting in delayed and reduced integration, which was accompanied with an enhanced preference to integrate into heterochromatin. We conclude that interaction between PFV Gag and cellular PLK proteins is important for early replication steps of PFV within host cells.}, language = {en} } @misc{GhoshCherstvyPetrovetal.2016, author = {Ghosh, Surya K. and Cherstvy, Andrey G. and Petrov, Eugene P. and Metzler, Ralf}, title = {Interactions of rod-like particles on responsive elastic sheets}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95882}, year = {2016}, abstract = {What are the physical laws of the mutual interactions of objects bound to cell membranes, such as various membrane proteins or elongated virus particles? To rationalise this, we here investigate by extensive computer simulations mutual interactions of rod-like particles adsorbed on the surface of responsive elastic two-dimensional sheets. Specifically, we quantify sheet deformations as a response to adhesion of such filamentous particles. We demonstrate that tip-to-tip contacts of rods are favoured for relatively soft sheets, while side-by-side contacts are preferred for stiffer elastic substrates. These attractive orientation-dependent substrate-mediated interactions between the rod-like particles on responsive sheets can drive their aggregation and self-assembly. The optimal orientation of the membrane-bound rods is established via responding to the elastic energy profiles created around the particles. We unveil the phase diagramme of attractive-repulsive rod-rod interactions in the plane of their separation and mutual orientation. Applications of our results to other systems featuring membrane-associated particles are also discussed.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lorenz2016, author = {Lorenz, Kathrin}, title = {Interessen und Ideen in der deutschen Entwicklungspolitik}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93213}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {252}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Die Ann{\"a}herung von Entwicklung und Sicherheit seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre gilt in Teilen der Fach{\"o}ffentlichkeit als wesentliches Merkmal einer zunehmenden Eigennutz- und Interessenorientierung der deutschen Entwicklungspolitik nach Ende des Ost-West-Konflikts. Den Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung bildete die Skepsis gegen{\"u}ber diesem Befund eines Wandels deutscher Entwicklungspolitik weg von moralischen Begr{\"u}ndungszusammenh{\"a}ngen und hin zu nationaler Interessenpolitik seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre. Diese Skepsis begr{\"u}ndet sich in der Annahme, dass die bisherige Kritik gegen{\"u}ber einer m{\"o}glichen Versicherheitlichung von Entwicklungspolitik die Rolle von eigennutzorientierten Interessen als erkl{\"a}rendem Faktor {\"u}berbetont und gleichzeitig ideellen Strukturen und deren m{\"o}glichem Wandel als konstitutivem Faktor f{\"u}r politische Prozesse zu wenig Aufmerksamkeit schenkt. Die Forschungsfrage lautet dementsprechend: Kann die deutsche Entwicklungspolitik im Lichte der Verkn{\"u}pfung von Entwicklung und Sicherheit als zunehmend interessenorientiert gedeutet werden und hat sich damit ein grundlegender Politikwandel vollzogen? Theoretisch kn{\"u}pft die Arbeit an die konstruktivistisch-orientierte Forschung im Thema Entwicklung und Sicherheit an und entwickelt diese weiter. F{\"u}r die Herleitung der theoretischen Position wird auf konstruktivistische {\"U}berlegungen in den Theorien der Internationalen Beziehungen rekurriert. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei jene Ans{\"a}tze der Internationalen Beziehungen, die die konstruktivistische Wende nicht nur ontologisch, sondern auch epistemologisch vollziehen und der Rolle von Sprache besondere Aufmerksamkeit schenken. In empirischer Hinsicht wird die Verkn{\"u}pfung von Entwicklung und Sicherheit in der deutschen staatlichen Entwicklungspolitik anhand von Interpretationen dieser Verkn{\"u}pfung im Agenda-Setting und in der Politikformulierung untersucht. Der Untersuchungszeitraum der empirischen Analyse bel{\"a}uft sich auf die Amtsjahre der SPD-Politikerin Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul als Bundesministerin f{\"u}r wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit, n{\"a}mlich 1998 2009. Der Datenkorpus der Untersuchung in Agenda-Setting und Politikformulierung umfasst {\"u}ber 50 Reden von Mitgliedern der Bundesregierung sowie ausgew{\"a}hlte offizielle Politikdokumente, in denen relevante Textpassagen enthalten sind. Die beispielhafte Untersuchung der Institutionalisierung im Lichte der Verkn{\"u}pfungen von Entwicklung und Sicherheit bezieht sich auf weitere Prim{\"a}r- und Sekund{\"a}rquellen. Auf der Grundlage der empirischen Analyse wird deutlich, dass unterschiedliche Interpretationen in der staatlichen deutschen Entwicklungspolitik hinsichtlich der Verkn{\"u}pfung von Entwicklung und Sicherheit {\"u}ber den Untersuchungszeitraum 1998 - 2009 nachgezeichnet werden k{\"o}nnen. Bemerkenswert ist dabei insbesondere die diffuse Vielfalt der Konstruktionen des Sicherheitsbegriffs. Außerdem wird anhand der empirischen Untersuchung nachgezeichnet, dass zum Teil erhebliche Unterschiede bestehen zwischen den Verkn{\"u}pfungen von Entwicklung und Sicherheit auf der ressort{\"u}bergreifenden Ebene einerseits und der entwicklungspolitischen Ebene andererseits. Auch die beispielhafte Diskussion von Meilensteinen der institutionalisierten Entwicklungspolitik best{\"a}tigt diese Varianzen, die durch die nuancierte Analyse sprachlicher Konstruktionen sichtbar gemacht werden konnte. Ausgehend vom empirischen Ergebnis der Varianz und Variabilit{\"a}t der Begr{\"u}ndungsmuster f{\"u}r die Verkn{\"u}pfungen von Entwicklung und Sicherheit ist es nunmehr m{\"o}glich, Schlussfolgerungen im Hinblick auf die Forschungsfrage zu ziehen: Ist deutsche Entwicklungspolitik im Lichte der Verkn{\"u}pfung von Entwicklung und Sicherheit zunehmend eigennutz- und interessenorientiert? In den Anfangsjahren von Wieczorek-Zeul spielen normative Aspekte wie Gerechtigkeit und Frieden im Zusammenhang mit der Genese des Themenfelds Frieden und Sicherheit eine wichtige Rolle. Pr{\"a}gend f{\"u}r die Politikformulierung sind dabei vor allem die Herausforderungen im Zusammenhang mit der Globalisierung, die den Ausgangspunkt f{\"u}r die Formulierung der von Wieczorek-Zeul gepr{\"a}gten Globalen Strukturpolitik bilden. Eine Eigennutzorientierung im realistischen Sinne scheint nur dann pr{\"a}sent, wenn es um unser Interesse der Wohlstandssicherung geht. Entwicklungspolitische Friedenf{\"o}rderung und Krisenpr{\"a}ventionen dienen dazu, die {\"o}konomischen Kosten von Kriegen zu verringern und leisten einen Beitrag zur Vermeidung von wohlstandsgef{\"a}hrdender Migration. Es wird auf einen Sicherheitsbegriff rekurriert, der die Menschliche Sicherheit der Bev{\"o}lkerung in den Entwicklungs- und Transformationsl{\"a}ndern in den Vordergrund stellt. Nach 9/11 verschieben sich die sprachlichen Konstruktionen weg von unserem Wohlstand und dem Frieden weltweit in Richtung unsere Sicherheit. Artikulierte Eigennutzorientierung mit Bezug auf Sicherheit gewinnt an Dominanz gegen{\"u}ber moralischen Begr{\"u}ndungszusammenh{\"a}ngen. Diese Entwicklung l{\"a}sst sich vor allem im Rahmen der ressort{\"u}bergreifenden Interpretationen des Zusammenhangs von Entwicklung und Sicherheit nachzeichnen. Auch bei dieser ressort{\"u}bergreifenden Verschiebung l{\"a}sst sich die Verkn{\"u}pfung von Entwicklung und Sicherheit auf der Ebene des f{\"u}r die deutsche Entwicklungspolitik federf{\"u}hrenden Bundesministeriums f{\"u}r wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) hingegen weiterhin als vorwiegend verpflichtungsorientiert deuten. Erst mit der Großen Koalition ab 2005 kann von umfassenderer Neu-Interpretation der Verkn{\"u}pfung von Entwicklung und Sicherheit ausgegangen werden: Wohlstand und Sicherheit in der Welt werden nunmehr gleichermaßen als in unserem Interesse artikuliert, die neben der internationalen Verpflichtung zur Friedenssicherung als gleichwertig eingesch{\"a}tzt werden k{\"o}nnen Zusammenfassend bringen diese empirischen Ergebnisse im Lichte der theoretischen Deutung ein nuancierter es Bild hervor als in der bisherigen Forschung mit ihrem meist einseitigen Fokus auf einer zunehmenden Interessenorientierung angenommen wurde. Die ideellen Bez{\"u}ge waren immer pr{\"a}sent als pr{\"a}gender Faktor f{\"u}r die deutsche Entwicklungspolitik, sie haben sich allerdings im Zeitverlauf ver{\"a}ndert. Der theoretische Ertrag der Studie und die Policy-Relevanz liegen auf mehreren Ebenen. Erstens wird mit der differenzierten Untersuchung und Deutung deutscher Entwicklungspolitik im Lichte der Verkn{\"u}pfungen von Entwicklung und Sicherheit die Forschung zum Thema Versicherheitlichung von Entwicklungspolitik angereichert und deren theoretische Pr{\"a}missen weiterentwickelt. Zweitens leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Forschung zur deutschen Entwicklungspolitik. Mit der vorliegenden Studie wird diese oft an der Umsetzung und Praxis interessierte Forschung durch die theoretische Besch{\"a}ftigung mit der Deutung deutscher Entwicklungspolitik angereichert. Dieser Beitrag ergibt sich konkret aus der Anwendung theoretischer {\"U}berlegungen der Sicherheitsstudien, aus dem konstruktivistischen Strang der Theorien der Internationalen Beziehungen (IB) sowie konzeptionellen {\"U}berlegungen aus der Policy-Forschung, die miteinander verkn{\"u}pft werden.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Mey2016, author = {Mey, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Intermontane valley fills}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103158}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 111}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Sedimentary valley fills are a widespread characteristic of mountain belts around the world. They transiently store material over time spans ranging from thousands to millions of years and therefore play an important role in modulating the sediment flux from the orogen to the foreland and to oceanic depocenters. In most cases, their formation can be attributed to specific fluvial conditions, which are closely related to climatic and tectonic processes. Hence, valley-fill deposits constitute valuable archives that offer fundamental insight into landscape evolution, and their study may help to assess the impact of future climate change on sediment dynamics. In this thesis I analyzed intermontane valley-fill deposits to constrain different aspects of the climatic and tectonic history of mountain belts over multiple timescales. First, I developed a method to estimate the thickness distribution of valley fills using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Based on the assumption of geometrical similarity between exposed and buried parts of the landscape, this novel and highly automated technique allows reconstructing fill thickness and bedrock topography on the scale of catchments to entire mountain belts. Second, I used the new method for estimating the spatial distribution of post-glacial sediments that are stored in the entire European Alps. A comparison with data from exploratory drillings and from geophysical surveys revealed that the model reproduces the measurements with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 70m and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.81. I used the derived sediment thickness estimates in combination with a model of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) icecap to infer the lithospheric response to deglaciation, erosion and deposition, and deduce their relative contribution to the present-day rock-uplift rate. For a range of different lithospheric and upper mantle-material properties, the results suggest that the long-wavelength uplift signal can be explained by glacial isostatic adjustment with a small erosional contribution and a substantial but localized tectonic component exceeding 50\% in parts of the Eastern Alps and in the Swiss Rh{\^o}ne Valley. Furthermore, this study reveals the particular importance of deconvolving the potential components of rock uplift when interpreting recent movements along active orogens and how this can be used to constrain physical properties of the Earth's interior. In a third study, I used the ANN approach to estimate the sediment thickness of alluviated reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, upstream of the rapidly uplifting Namche Barwa massif. This allowed my colleagues and me to reconstruct the ancient river profile of the Yarlung Tsangpo, and to show that in the past, the river had already been deeply incised into the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Dating of basal sediments from drill cores that reached the paleo-river bed to 2-2.5 Ma are consistent with mineral cooling ages from the Namche Barwa massif, which indicate initiation of rapid uplift at ~4 Ma. Hence, formation of the Tsangpo gorge and aggradation of the voluminous valley fill was most probably a consequence of rapid uplift of the Namche Barwa massif and thus tectonic activity. The fourth and last study focuses on the interaction of fluvial and glacial processes at the southeastern edge of the Karakoram. Paleo-ice-extent indicators and remnants of a more than 400-m-thick fluvio-lacustrine valley fill point to blockage of the Shyok River, a main tributary of the upper Indus, by the Siachen Glacier, which is the largest glacier in the Karakoram Range. Field observations and 10Be exposure dating attest to a period of recurring lake formation and outburst flooding during the penultimate glaciation prior to ~110 ka. The interaction of Rivers and Glaciers all along the Karakorum is considered a key factor in landscape evolution and presumably promoted headward erosion of the Indus-Shyok drainage system into the western margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The results of this thesis highlight the strong influence of glaciation and tectonics on valley-fill formation and how this has affected the evolution of different mountain belts. In the Alps valley-fill deposition influenced the magnitude and pattern of rock uplift since ice retreat approximately 17,000 years ago. Conversely, the analyzed valley fills in the Himalaya are much older and reflect environmental conditions that prevailed at ~110 ka and ~2.5 Ma, respectively. Thus, the newly developed method has proven useful for inferring the role of sedimentary valley-fill deposits in landscape evolution on timescales ranging from 1,000 to 10,000,000 years.}, language = {en} } @misc{PimenovaGoldobinRosenblumetal.2016, author = {Pimenova, Anastasiya V. and Goldobin, Denis S. and Rosenblum, Michael and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Interplay of coupling and common noise at the transition to synchrony in oscillator populations}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103471}, pages = {7}, year = {2016}, abstract = {There are two ways to synchronize oscillators: by coupling and by common forcing, which can be pure noise. By virtue of the Ott-Antonsen ansatz for sine-coupled phase oscillators, we obtain analytically tractable equations for the case where both coupling and common noise are present. While noise always tends to synchronize the phase oscillators, the repulsive coupling can act against synchrony, and we focus on this nontrivial situation. For identical oscillators, the fully synchronous state remains stable for small repulsive coupling; moreover it is an absorbing state which always wins over the asynchronous regime. For oscillators with a distribution of natural frequencies, we report on a counter-intuitive effect of dispersion (instead of usual convergence) of the oscillators frequencies at synchrony; the latter effect disappears if noise vanishes.}, language = {en} } @misc{BondueRichter2016, author = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Richter, Philipp}, title = {Interrelations of justice, rejection, provocation, and moral disgust sensitivity and their links with the hostile attribution bias, trait anger, and aggression}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {446}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407697}, pages = {15}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Several personality dispositions with common features capturing sensitivities to negative social cues have recently been introduced into psychological research. To date, however, little is known about their interrelations, their conjoint effects on behavior, or their interplay with other risk factors. We asked N = 349 adults from Germany to rate their justice, rejection, moral disgust, and provocation sensitivity, hostile attribution bias, trait anger, and forms and functions of aggression. The sensitivity measures were mostly positively correlated; particularly those with an egoistic focus, such as victim justice, rejection, and provocation sensitivity, hostile attributions and trait anger as well as those with an altruistic focus, such as observer justice, perpetrator justice, and moral disgust sensitivity. The sensitivity measures had independent and differential effects on forms and functions of aggression when considered simultaneously and when controlling for hostile attributions and anger. They could not be integrated into a single factor of interpersonal sensitivity or reduced to other well-known risk factors for aggression. The sensitivity measures, therefore, require consideration in predicting and preventing aggression.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{BreakellFernandez2016, author = {Breakell Fernandez, Leigh}, title = {Investigating word order processing using pupillometry and event-related potentials}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91438}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {x, 122}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In this thesis sentence processing was investigated using a psychophysiological measure known as pupillometry as well as Event-Related Potentials (ERP). The scope of the the- sis was broad, investigating the processing of several different movement constructions with native speakers of English and second language learners of English, as well as word order and case marking in German speaking adults and children. Pupillometry and ERP allowed us to test competing linguistic theories and use novel methodologies to investigate the processing of word order. In doing so we also aimed to establish pupillometry as an effective way to investigate the processing of word order thus broadening the methodological spectrum.}, language = {en} } @misc{AvilaBenedettoAuetal.2016, author = {Avila, Daiana Silva and Benedetto, Alexandre and Au, Catherine and Bornhorst, Julia and Aschner, Michael A.}, title = {Involvement of heat shock proteins on Mn-induced toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans}, series = {BMC pharmacology and toxicology}, journal = {BMC pharmacology and toxicology}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407286}, pages = {9}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: All living cells display a rapid molecular response to adverse environmental conditions, and the heat shock protein family reflects one such example. Hence, failing to activate heat shock proteins can impair the cellular response. In the present study, we evaluated whether the loss of different isoforms of heat shock protein ( hsp ) genes in Caenorhabditis elegans would affect their vulnerability to Manganese (Mn) toxicity. Methods: We exposed wild type and selected hsp mutant worms to Mn (30 min) and next evaluated further the most susceptible strains. We analyzed survi val, protein carbonylation (as a marker of oxidative stress) and Parkinson ' s disease related gene expression immediately after Mn exposure. Lastly, we observed dopaminergic neurons in wild type worms and in hsp-70 mutants following Mn treatment. Analysis of the data was performed by one-way or two way ANOVA, depending on the case, followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test if the overall p value was less than 0.05. Results: We verified that the loss of hsp-70, hsp-3 and chn-1 increased the vulnerability to Mn, as exposed mutant worms showed lower survival rate and increased protein oxidation. The importance of hsp-70 against Mn toxicity was then corroborated in dopaminergic neurons, where Mn neurotoxicity was aggravated. The lack of hsp-70 also blocked the transcriptional upregulation of pink1 , a gene that has been linked to Parkinson ' sdisease. Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggest that Mn exposu re modulates heat shock protein expression, particularly HSP-70, in C. elegans .Furthermore,lossof hsp-70 increases protein oxidation and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration following manganese exposure, which is associated with the inhibition of pink1 increased expression, thus pot entially exacerbating the v ulnerability to this metal.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pampel2016, author = {Pampel, Jonas}, title = {Ionothermal carbon materials}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-101323}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {122, xlv}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Alternative concepts for energy storage and conversion have to be developed, optimized and employed to fulfill the dream of a fossil-independent energy economy. Porous carbon materials play a major role in many energy-related devices. Among different characteristics, distinct porosity features, e.g., specific surface area (SSA), total pore volume (TPV), and the pore size distribution (PSD), are important to maximize the performance in the final device. In order to approach the aim to synthesize carbon materials with tailor-made porosity in a sustainable fashion, the present thesis focused on biomass-derived precursors employing and developing the ionothermal carbonization. During the ionothermal carbonization, a salt melt simultaneously serves as solvent and porogen. Typically, eutectic mixtures containing zinc chloride are employed as salt phase. The first topic of the present thesis addressed the possibility to precisely tailor the porosity of ionothermal carbon materials by an experimentally simple variation of the molar composition of the binary salt mixture. The developed pore tuning tool allowed the synthesis of glucose derived carbon materials with predictable SSAs in the range of ~ 900 to ~ 2100 m2 g-1. Moreover, the nucleobase adenine was employed as precursor introducing nitrogen functionalities in the final material. Thereby, the chemical properties of the carbon materials are varied leading to new application fields. Nitrogen doped carbons (NDCs) are able to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) which takes place on the cathodic site of a fuel cell. The herein developed porosity tailoring allowed the synthesis of adenine derived NDCs with outstanding SSAs of up to 2900 m2 g-1 and very large TPV of 5.19 cm3 g-1. Furthermore, the influence of the porosity on the ORR could be directly investigated enabling the precise optimization of the porosity characteristics of NDCs for this application. The second topic addressed the development of a new method to investigate the not-yet unraveled mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction using a rotating disc electrode setup. The focus was put on noble-metal free catalysts. The results showed that the reaction pathway of the investigated catalysts is pH-dependent indicating different active species at different pH-values. The third topic addressed the expansion of the used salts for the ionothermal approach towards hydrated calcium and magnesium chloride. It was shown that hydrated salt phases allowed the introduction of a secondary templating effect which was connected to the coexistence of liquid and solid salt phases. The method enabled the synthesis of fibrous NDCs with SSAs of up to 2780 m2 g-1 and very large TPV of 3.86 cm3 g-1. Moreover, the concept of active site implementation by a facile low-temperature metalation employing the obtained NDCs as solid ligands could be shown for the first time in the context of ORR. Overall, the thesis may pave the way towards highly porous carbon with tailor-made porosity materials prepared by an inexpensive and sustainable pathway, which can be applied in energy related field thereby supporting the needed expansion of the renewable energy sector.}, language = {en} } @misc{GerthKlassertDolketal.2016, author = {Gerth, Sabrina and Klassert, Annegret and Dolk, Thomas and Fliesser, Michael and Fischer, Martin H. and Nottbusch, Guido and Festman, Julia}, title = {Is Handwriting Performance Affected by the Writing Surface?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100384}, pages = {18}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Due to their multifunctionality, tablets offer tremendous advantages for research on handwriting dynamics or for interactive use of learning apps in schools. Further, the widespread use of tablet computers has had a great impact on handwriting in the current generation. But, is it advisable to teach how to write and to assess handwriting in pre- and primary schoolchildren on tablets rather than on paper? Since handwriting is not automatized before the age of 10 years, children's handwriting movements require graphomotor and visual feedback as well as permanent control of movement execution during handwriting. Modifications in writing conditions, for instance the smoother writing surface of a tablet, might influence handwriting performance in general and in particular those of non-automatized beginning writers. In order to investigate how handwriting performance is affected by a difference in friction of the writing surface, we recruited three groups with varying levels of handwriting automaticity: 25 preschoolers, 27 second graders, and 25 adults. We administered three tasks measuring graphomotor abilities, visuomotor abilities, and handwriting performance (only second graders and adults). We evaluated two aspects of handwriting performance: the handwriting quality with a visual score and the handwriting dynamics using online handwriting measures [e.g., writing duration, writing velocity, strokes and number of inversions in velocity (NIV)]. In particular, NIVs which describe the number of velocity peaks during handwriting are directly related to the level of handwriting automaticity. In general, we found differences between writing on paper compared to the tablet. These differences were partly task-dependent. The comparison between tablet and paper revealed a faster writing velocity for all groups and all tasks on the tablet which indicates that all participants—even the experienced writers—were influenced by the lower friction of the tablet surface. Our results for the group-comparison show advancing levels in handwriting automaticity from preschoolers to second graders to adults, which confirms that our method depicts handwriting performance in groups with varying degrees of handwriting automaticity. We conclude that the smoother tablet surface requires additional control of handwriting movements and therefore might present an additional challenge for learners of handwriting.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZancolliBakerBarlowetal.2016, author = {Zancolli, Giulia and Baker, Timothy G. and Barlow, Axel and Bradley, Rebecca K. and Calvete, Juan J. and Carter, Kimberley C. and de Jager, Kaylah and Owens, John Benjamin and Price, Jenny Forrester and Sanz, Libia and Scholes-Higham, Amy and Shier, Liam and Wood, Liam and W{\"u}ster, Catharine E. and W{\"u}ster, Wolfgang}, title = {Is hybridization a source of adaptive venom variation in rattlesnakes?}, series = {Toxins}, journal = {Toxins}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407595}, pages = {16}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Venomous snakes often display extensive variation in venom composition both between and within species. However, the mechanisms underlying the distribution of different toxins and venom types among populations and taxa remain insufficiently known. Rattlesnakes (Crotalus, Sistrurus) display extreme inter-and intraspecific variation in venom composition, centered particularly on the presence or absence of presynaptically neurotoxic phospholipases A2 such as Mojave toxin (MTX). Interspecific hybridization has been invoked as a mechanism to explain the distribution of these toxins across rattlesnakes, with the implicit assumption that they are adaptively advantageous. Here, we test the potential of adaptive hybridization as a mechanism for venom evolution by assessing the distribution of genes encoding the acidic and basic subunits of Mojave toxin across a hybrid zone between MTX-positive Crotalus scutulatus and MTX-negative C. viridis in southwestern New Mexico, USA. Analyses of morphology, mitochondrial and single copy-nuclear genes document extensive admixture within a narrow hybrid zone. The genes encoding the two MTX subunits are strictly linked, and found in most hybrids and backcrossed individuals, but not in C. viridis away from the hybrid zone. Presence of the genes is invariably associated with presence of the corresponding toxin in the venom. We conclude that introgression of highly lethal neurotoxins through hybridization is not necessarily favored by natural selection in rattlesnakes, and that even extensive hybridization may not lead to introgression of these genes into another species.}, language = {en} } @misc{OPUS4-9234, title = {Jahresbericht 2015}, volume = {2015}, editor = {Gunnarsson, Logi and Zimmermann, Andreas}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1860-5958}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92341}, pages = {41}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Inhalt: 1. Allgemeiner {\"U}berblick 2. Organisationsstruktur des MenschenRechtsZentrums 2.1 Angeh{\"o}rige des MenschenRechtsZentrums 2.2 Wissenschaftlicher Beirat des MenschenRechtsZentrums 2.3 F{\"o}rderverein 3. Aktivit{\"a}ten im Berichtszeitraum 3.1 Forschung und wissenschaftliche Veranstaltungen 3.2 Promotionen 3.3 Lehrveranstaltungen 3.4 Publikationen - Neuerscheinungen 2015 3.5 Wissenschaftliche Vortr{\"a}ge, Vorlesungen, Fachgespr{\"a}che u. {\"a}.}, language = {de} } @misc{Groezinger2016, author = {Gr{\"o}zinger, Elvira}, title = {Jan Schwarz: Survivors and Exiles. Yiddish Culture after the Holocaust / rezensiert von Elvira Gr{\"o}zinger}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue}, volume = {22}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-370-1}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99929}, pages = {259 -- 262}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Rezensiertes Werk: Jan Schwarz: Survivors and Exiles. Yiddish Culture after the Holocaust, Detroit: Wayne State University Press 2015. 355 S.}, language = {de} } @article{Zoref2016, author = {Zoref, Arye}, title = {Journeys for God in Ṣūfī and Judeo Arabic Literature}, series = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue}, volume = {22}, journal = {PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-370-1}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99635}, pages = {109 -- 119}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Das Konzept der drei Reisen als einen Weg zur spirituellen Entwicklung wurde von einem der Gr{\"u}nderv{\"a}ter der islamischen Mystik, Dhu al-Nun, eingef{\"u}hrt. Sp{\"a}ter wurde die Anwendung des Konzepts verfeinert, indem es mit der sufischen Technik verschiedene Pr{\"a}positionen hinzuzuf{\"u}gen kombiniert wurde, um dadurch zwischen den spirituellen Stufen zu unterscheiden. Mit der Verwendung der W{\"o}rter Reise (Safar) und Gott (Allah) und dem Hinzuf{\"u}gen einer Pr{\"a}position zum Wort Gott konnten sufische Schriftsteller die verschiedenen Wege zu Gott oder die Stationen (Maqamat) auf diesem Weg aufzeichnen. Ibn al-'Arabi spricht Anfang des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts von drei verschiedenen Wegen: von Gott, zu Gott und in Gott. Am Ende des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts spricht der j{\"u}disch-arabische Bibelkommentator Tanchum ha-Yerushalmi von den drei Reisen als drei Stationen eines kontinuierlichen Weges. Eine nahezu identische Beschreibung ist eine Generation danach beim muslimischen Gelehrten Qayyim al-Jawziyya zu finden. Aus den drei Reisen werden im vierzehnten Jahrhundert in den Schriften des sufischen Schriftstellers al-Qashani vier, wobei das Schema der drei Pr{\"a}positionen beibehalten wurde. Kurz vor dem Ende des vierzehnten Jahrhunderts sind in den Schriften von R. David ha-Nagid nur noch zwei Reisen zu finden: zu Gott und in Gott. All dies zeigt uns, dass uns die j{\"u}disch-arabische Literatur dabei helfen kann die geschichtliche Entwicklung der sufischen Ideen genauer nachzuzeichnen.}, language = {en} }