@article{VanderMeerenMischkeSunjidmaaetal.2012, author = {Van der Meeren, T. and Mischke, Steffen and Sunjidmaa, N. and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Ito, E. and Martens, K. and Verschuren, Dirk}, title = {Subfossil ostracode assemblages from Mongolia quantifying response for paleolimnological applications}, series = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management}, volume = {14}, journal = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1470-160X}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.004}, pages = {138 -- 151}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Ostracodes (Ostracoda, Crustacea) are aquatic micro-crustaceans with a significant representation in the fossil record. If the environmental influence on the species composition of their communities is robustly quantified, past changes in ostracode communities reflected in fossil assemblages can be used for paleo-environmental reconstruction. We analyzed ostracode assemblages in recently deposited surface sediments from 56 lakes in western and central Mongolia, and simultaneously recorded local water chemistry and solute concentration in order to elucidate the distribution of individual ostracode species in relation to these broad environmental gradients. Multivariate analysis indicated that the species variation in ostracode assemblages could be mainly attributed to variations in percent calcium (\%Ca) relative to total cation content, mean annual precipitation, calcium concentration, alkalinity, percent bicarbonate relative to total anion content, and mean July temperature. This matches well with the results of a similar analysis on presence/absence data of living ostracodes in nearshore samples, even though some differences exist between the faunal composition of both datasets. The documented response of ostracode species to environmental variation tracks the typical solute evolutionary pathway for surface waters in this region, characterized by calcite precipitation and consequent depletion in dissolved calcium. Hence, the best quantitative inference model (WA-PLS model with R-jack(2) = 0.70, RMSEP = 0.40) for paleolimnological application was obtained for \%Ca. Comparison between this model and a specific conductance (SC) inference model based on the same dataset, and based on ostracode datasets from different regions, indicated that the \%Ca inference model suffers less than the SC inference model from a step-change in reconstructed values. The statistical power of different inference models based on Mongolian ostracodes are variously affected by the common dominance of a single euryhaline species (Limnocythere inopinata), limited faunal turnover in the freshwater portion of the salinity gradient, and the bimodal frequency distribution of SC among regional lakes. The latter probably represents true scarcity of lakes with intermediate salinity rather than a biased representation in our dataset. In a broader context of ostracode ecology, and with respect to regional paleolimnological applications, we highlight the potential of fossil Mongolian ostracode assemblages to trace past hydrological shifts associated with changes in groundwater inflow.}, language = {en} } @article{vandenBeemtCinkayaErdemetal.2012, author = {van den Beemt, Martijn and {\c{C}}inkaya, Muhammed and Erdem, Didem Tuğ{\c{c}}e and Janssen, Robert}, title = {Conclusion for future teaching}, series = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis}, journal = {Potsdamer geographische Praxis}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2194-1599}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65880}, pages = {99 -- 104}, year = {2012}, abstract = {1. The importance of the maps in the Atlas of European Values 2. Team teaching 3. The importance of discussions in secondary schools 4. Assignments 5. Impact 6. Comments}, language = {en} } @article{ValoriGreenDemoulinetal.2012, author = {Valori, Gherardo and Green, Lucie M. and Demoulin, Pascal and Vargas Dominguez, S. and van Driel-Gesztelyi, L. and Wallace, A. and Baker, Daniel N. and Fuhrmann, Marcel}, title = {Nonlinear force-free extrapolation of emerging flux with a global twist and serpentine fine structures}, series = {Solar physics : a journal for solar and solar-stellar research and the study of solar terrestrial physics}, volume = {278}, journal = {Solar physics : a journal for solar and solar-stellar research and the study of solar terrestrial physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0038-0938}, doi = {10.1007/s11207-011-9865-8}, pages = {73 -- 97}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We study the flux emergence process in NOAA active region 11024, between 29 June and 7 July 2009, by means of multi-wavelength observations and nonlinear force-free extrapolation. The main aim is to extend previous investigations by combining, as much as possible, high spatial resolution observations to test our present understanding of small-scale (undulatory) flux emergence, whilst putting these small-scale events in the context of the global evolution of the active region. The combination of these techniques allows us to follow the whole process, from the first appearance of the bipolar axial field on the east limb, until the buoyancy instability could set in and raise the main body of the twisted flux tube through the photosphere, forming magnetic tongues and signatures of serpentine field, until the simplification of the magnetic structure into a main bipole by the time the active region reaches the west limb. At the crucial time of the main emergence phase high spatial resolution spectropolarimetric measurements of the photospheric field are employed to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of the nonlinear force-free coronal field, which is then used to test the current understanding of flux emergence processes. In particular, knowledge of the coronal connectivity confirms the identity of the magnetic tongues as seen in their photospheric signatures, and it exemplifies how the twisted flux, which is emerging on small scales in the form of a sea-serpent, is subsequently rearranged by reconnection into the large-scale field of the active region. In this way, the multi-wavelength observations combined with a nonlinear force-free extrapolation provide a coherent picture of the emergence process of small-scale magnetic bipoles, which subsequently reconnect to form a large-scale structure in the corona.}, language = {en} } @article{ValoriDemoulinPariat2012, author = {Valori, Gherardo and Demoulin, Pascal and Pariat, E.}, title = {Comparing values of the relative magnetic helicity in finite volumes}, series = {Solar physics : a journal for solar and solar-stellar research and the study of solar terrestrial physics}, volume = {278}, journal = {Solar physics : a journal for solar and solar-stellar research and the study of solar terrestrial physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0038-0938}, doi = {10.1007/s11207-012-9951-6}, pages = {347 -- 366}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Relative magnetic helicity, as a conserved quantity of ideal magnetohydrodynamics, has been highlighted as an important quantity to study in plasma physics. Due to its nonlocal nature, its estimation is not straightforward in both observational and numerical data. In this study we derive expressions for the practical computation of the gauge-independent relative magnetic helicity in three-dimensional finite domains. The derived expressions are easy to implement and rapid to compute. They are derived in Cartesian coordinates, but can be easily written in other coordinate systems. We apply our method to a numerical model of a force-free equilibrium containing a flux rope, and compare the results with those obtained employing known half-space equations. We find that our method requires a much smaller volume than half-space expressions to derive the full helicity content. We also prove that values of relative magnetic helicity of different magnetic fields can be compared with each other in the same sense as free-energy values can. Therefore, relative magnetic helicity can be meaningfully and directly compared between different datasets, such as those from different active regions, but also within the same dataset at different times. Typical applications of our formulae include the helicity computation in three-dimensional models of the solar atmosphere, e.g., coronal-field reconstructions by force-free extrapolation and discretized magnetic fields of numerical simulations.}, language = {en} } @article{UusiHeikkilaBoeckenhoffWolteretal.2012, author = {Uusi-Heikkila, Silva and Boeckenhoff, Linda and Wolter, Christian and Arlinghaus, Robert}, title = {Differential Allocation by Female Zebrafish (Danio rerio) to Different-Sized Males - An Example in a Fish Species Lacking Parental Care}, series = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, number = {10}, publisher = {PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE}, address = {SAN FRANCISCO}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0048317}, pages = {7}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Organisms allocate resources to reproduction in response to the costs and benefits of current and future reproductive opportunities. According to the differential allocation hypothesis, females allocate more resources to high-quality males. We tested whether a fish species lacking parental care (zebrafish, Danio rerio) expresses male size-dependent differential allocation in monogamous spawning trials. In addition, we tested whether reproductive allocation by females is affected by previous experience of different-quality males, potentially indicating plasticity in mate choice. To that end, females were conditioned to large, small or random-sized males (controls) for 14 days to manipulate females\’ expectations of the future mate quality. Females showed a clear preference for large males in terms of spawning probability and clutch size independent of the conditioning treatment. However, when females experienced variation in male size (random-sized conditioning treatment) they discriminated less against small males compared to females conditioned to large and small males. This might suggest that differential allocation and size-dependent sexual selection is of less relevance in nature than revealed in the present laboratory study.}, language = {en} } @article{UnuabonahElKhaiaryOluOwolabietal.2012, author = {Unuabonah, Emmanuel Iyayi and El-Khaiary, Mohammad I. and Olu-Owolabi, Bamidele I. and Adebowale, Kayode O.}, title = {Predicting the dynamics and performance of a polymer-clay based composite in a fixed bed system for the removal of lead (II) ion}, series = {Chemical engineering research and design}, volume = {90}, journal = {Chemical engineering research and design}, number = {8}, publisher = {Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers}, address = {Rugby}, issn = {0263-8762}, doi = {10.1016/j.cherd.2011.11.009}, pages = {1105 -- 1115}, year = {2012}, abstract = {A polymer-clay based composite adsorbent was prepared from locally obtained kaolinite clay and polyvinyl alcohol. The composite adsorbent was used to remove lead (II) ions from aqueous solution in a fixed bed mode. The increase in bed height and initial metal ion concentration increased the adsorption capacity of lead (II) and the volume of aqueous solution treated at 50\% breakthrough. However, the adsorption capacity was reduced by almost 16.5\% with the simultaneous presence of Ca2+/Pb2+ and Na+/Pb2+ in the aqueous solution. Regeneration of the adsorbent with 0.1 M of HCl also reduced its adsorption capacity to 75.1\%. Adsorption of lead (II) ions onto the polymer-clay composite adsorbent in the presence of Na+ and Ca2+ electrolyte increased the rate of mass transfer, probably due to competition between cationic species in solution for adsorption sites. Regeneration further increased the rate of mass transfer as a result of reduced adsorption sites after the regeneration process. The length of the mass transfer zone was found to increase with increasing bed height but did not change with increasing the initial metal ion concentration. The models of Yoon-Nelson, Thomas, and Clark were found to give good fit to adsorption data. On the other hand, Bohart-Adams model was found to be a poor predictor for the column operation. The polymer-clay composite adsorbent has a good potential for the removal of lead (II) ions from highly polluted aqueous solutions.}, language = {en} } @article{UngruBlueherCoenenetal.2012, author = {Ungru, J. and Bl{\"u}her, M. and C{\"o}nen, M. and Raila, Jens and Boston, R. and Vervuert, I.}, title = {Effects of body weight reduction on blood adipokines and subcutaneous adipose tissue adipokine mRNA expression profiles in obese ponies}, series = {The veterinary record}, volume = {171}, journal = {The veterinary record}, number = {21}, publisher = {British Veterinary Association}, address = {London}, issn = {0042-4900}, doi = {10.1136/vr.100911}, pages = {528 -- +}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Fifteen obese ponies were used in a body weight (BW) reduction programme (BWRP, daily energy intake: 7.0-8.4 MJ/100 kg BW). A frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was used to assess insulin sensitivity. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies of the tail head were obtained for mRNA gene expression profiles of adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and macrophage activation marker (CD68) before and after BWRP. Blood samples were analysed for serum leptin, serum RBP4 and plasma adiponectin. Significant BW losses occurred with 7 MJ DE/100 kg BW. Serum leptin and RBP4 were initially similar between insulin-resistant (IR) and insulin-sensitive (IS) ponies, and both significantly decreased during BWRP. Compared with IS ponies, IR ponies initially had significantly lower plasma adiponectin levels. At the beginning of BWRP, mRNA expression of RBP4, adiponectin, IL-6 and CD68 was similar between IR and IS ponies. Plasma adiponectin was strongly related to IR, whereas serum leptin and RBP4 were closely linked to adiposity, independent of insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue mRNA expression profiles did not clearly reflect these differences. However, the role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in IR remains open.}, language = {en} } @article{UllnerAresMorellietal.2012, author = {Ullner, E. and Ares, S. and Morelli, L. G. and Oates, A. C. and J{\"u}licher, F. and Nicola, E. and Heussen, R. and Whitmore, D. and Blyuss, K. and Fryett, M. and Zakharova, A. and Koseska, A. and Nene, N. R. and Zaikin, Alexei}, title = {Noise and oscillations in biological sysems multidisciplinary approach between experimental biology, theoretical modelling and synthetic biology}, series = {International journal of modern physics : B, Condensed matter physics, statistical physics, applied physics}, volume = {26}, journal = {International journal of modern physics : B, Condensed matter physics, statistical physics, applied physics}, number = {25}, publisher = {World Scientific}, address = {Singapore}, issn = {0217-9792}, doi = {10.1142/S0217979212460095}, pages = {12}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Rapid progress of experimental biology has provided a huge flow of quantitative data, which can be analyzed and understood only through the application of advanced techniques recently developed in theoretical sciences. On the other hand, synthetic biology enabled us to engineer biological models with reduced complexity. In this review we discuss that a multidisciplinary approach between this sciences can lead to deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind complex processes in biology. Following the mini symposia "Noise and oscillations in biological systems" on Physcon 2011 we have collected different research examples from theoretical modeling, experimental and synthetic biology.}, language = {en} } @article{UhligMadaboosiSchmidtetal.2012, author = {Uhlig, Katja and Madaboosi, Narayanan and Schmidt, Stephan and J{\"a}ger, Magnus S. and Rose, J{\"u}rgen and Duschl, Claus and Volodkin, Dmitry V.}, title = {3d localization and diffusion of proteins in polyelectrolyte multilayers}, series = {Soft matter}, volume = {8}, journal = {Soft matter}, number = {47}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1744-683X}, doi = {10.1039/c2sm26500a}, pages = {11786 -- 11789}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The interaction of diverse biomaterials with surfaces is more crucial than ever for biomedical applications to ensure efficiency and reproducibility. Very interesting surface materials are micrometer-thick polyelectrolyte multilayers. Not only their surface but also the bulk can be loaded with biomaterials like proteins or DNA for various purposes. Therefore, we established a method to analyze the lateral and vertical distribution of fluorescently labelled proteins of various size and charge in polyelectrolyte films composed of poly(L-lysine) and hyaluronic acid by confocal laser scanning microscopy. This approach enables us to measure the diffusion coefficients of the proteins via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching as a function of their vertical position in the film and facilitates the understanding of molecular interactions in the film with a high resolution in both space and time. As a result, we confirm that protein loading in the film is driven by electrostatic interactions - uncharged dextran molecules of 10 and 500 kDa do not diffuse into the film. Proteins of different sizes (3-11 nm) can diffuse relatively fast (D = 2-4 mm(2) s(-1)) independent of their net charge, indicating complex interpolymer interactions. This approach is a new powerful experimental tool to design the polyelectrolyte multilayers for bio-applications by finding a relationship between intermolecular interactions and mobility and availability of biomolecules to biological samples (e.g. cells) or detection units (e.g. biosensors).}, language = {en} } @article{TuerkeAndreasGossneretal.2012, author = {T{\"u}rke, Manfred and Andreas, Kerstin and Gossner, Martin M. and Kowalski, Esther and Lange, Markus and Boch, Steffen and Socher, Stephanie A. and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Prati, Daniel and Fischer, Markus and Meyh{\"o}fer, Rainer and Weisser, Wolfgang W.}, title = {Are gastropods, rather than ants, important dispersers of seeds of myrmecochorous forest herbs?}, series = {The American naturalist : a bi-monthly journal devoted to the advancement and correlation of the biological sciences}, volume = {179}, journal = {The American naturalist : a bi-monthly journal devoted to the advancement and correlation of the biological sciences}, number = {1}, publisher = {Univ. of Chicago Press}, address = {Chicago}, issn = {0003-0147}, doi = {10.1086/663195}, pages = {124 -- 131}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) is widespread, and seed adaptations to myrmecochory are common, especially in the form of fatty appendices (elaiosomes). In a recent study, slugs were identified as seed dispersers of myrmecochores in a central European beech forest. Here we used 105 beech forest sites to test whether myrmecochore presence and abundance is related to ant or gastropod abundance and whether experimentally exposed seeds are removed by gastropods. Myrmecochorous plant cover was positively related to gastropod abundance but was negatively related to ant abundance. Gastropods were responsible for most seed removal and elaiosome damage, whereas insects (and rodents) played minor roles. These gastropod effects on seeds were independent of region or forest management. We suggest that terrestrial gastropods can generally act as seed dispersers of myrmecochorous plants and even substitute myrmecochory, especially where ants are absent or uncommon.}, language = {en} } @article{TurhanSaracGencturketal.2012, author = {Turhan, Metehan C. and Sarac, A. Sezai and Gencturk, Asli and Gilsing, Hans-Detlev and Faltz, Heike and Schulz, Burkhard}, title = {Electrochemical impedance characterization and potential dependence of poly[3,4-(2,2-dibutylpropylenedioxy)thiophene] nanostructures on single carbon fiber microelectrode}, series = {Synthetic metals : the journal of electronic polymers and electronic molecular materials}, volume = {162}, journal = {Synthetic metals : the journal of electronic polymers and electronic molecular materials}, number = {5-6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {0379-6779}, doi = {10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.01.012}, pages = {511 -- 515}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The electropolymerization of 3,4-(2,2-dibutylpropylenedioxy)thiophene (ProDOT-Bu-2) onto single carbon fiber microelectrode (SCFME) was conducted in acetonitrile (ACN) containing sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) as electrolyte and investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The nanostructured films of poly[3,4-(2,2-dibutyl-propyleneclioxy)thiophene] (PProDOT-Bu-2) which were depositing showed complete reversible redox behavior in monomer-free electrolyte solution. The capacitive behavior of the films was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at applied potentials from 0.1 V to 1.3 V. The analysis by equivalent circuit modeling revealed an applied potential around 0.4V to be most suitable for the system PProDOT-Bu-2/SCFME as a double layer supercapacitor component inducing a double layer capacitance C-d, value of 62 mFcm(-2).}, language = {en} } @article{TschentscherHaukFischeretal.2012, author = {Tschentscher, Nadja and Hauk, Olaf and Fischer, Martin H. and Pulverm{\"u}ller, Friedemann}, title = {You can count on the motor cortex finger counting habits modulate motor cortex activation evoked by numbers}, series = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, volume = {59}, journal = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.037}, pages = {3139 -- 3148}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The embodied cognition framework suggests that neural systems for perception and action are engaged during higher cognitive processes. In an event-related fMRI study, we tested this claim for the abstract domain of numerical symbol processing: is the human cortical motor system part of the representation of numbers, and is organization of numerical knowledge influenced by individual finger counting habits? Developmental studies suggest a link between numerals and finger counting habits due to the acquisition of numerical skills through finger counting in childhood. In the present study, digits 1 to 9 and the corresponding number words were presented visually to adults with different finger counting habits, i.e. left- and right-starters who reported that they usually start counting small numbers with their left and right hand, respectively. Despite the absence of overt hand movements, the hemisphere contralateral to the hand used for counting small numbers was activated when small numbers were presented. The correspondence between finger counting habits and hemispheric motor activation is consistent with an intrinsic functional link between finger counting and number processing.}, language = {en} } @article{TsaiKlieglYan2012, author = {Tsai, Jie-Li and Kliegl, Reinhold and Yan, Ming}, title = {Parafoveal semantic information extraction in traditional Chinese reading}, series = {Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics}, volume = {141}, journal = {Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0001-6918}, doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.06.004}, pages = {17 -- 23}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Semantic information extraction from the parafovea has been reported only in simplified Chinese for a special subset of characters and its generalizability has been questioned. This study uses traditional Chinese, which differs from simplified Chinese in visual complexity and in mapping semantic forms, to demonstrate access to parafoveal semantic information during reading of this script. Preview duration modulates various types (identical, phonological, and unrelated) of parafoveal information extraction. Parafoveal semantic extraction is more elusive in English; therefore, we conclude that such effects in Chinese are presumably caused by substantial cross-language differences from alphabetic scripts. The property of Chinese characters carrying rich lexical information in a small region provides the possibility of semantic extraction in the parafovea.}, language = {en} } @article{TraegerKoenigStaedtkeetal.2012, author = {Tr{\"a}ger, Juliane and K{\"o}nig, Jana and St{\"a}dtke, Anja and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Development of a solvent extraction system with 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethylthio) benzene for the selective separation of palladium(II) from secondary raw materials}, series = {Hydrometallurgy : an international journal devoted to all aspects of the aqueous processing of metals}, volume = {127}, journal = {Hydrometallurgy : an international journal devoted to all aspects of the aqueous processing of metals}, number = {5}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-386X}, doi = {10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.07.002}, pages = {30 -- 38}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The chelating dithioether 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethylthio)benzene. a novel solvent extractant for Pd(II), is aimed to be utilised in the selective recovery of palladium from spent automotive catalysts. For that, the extraction system has been further customised, including the choice of an appropriate diluent (1,2-dichlorobenzene) as well as an effective stripping agent (0.5 M thiourea in 0.1 M HCl), which both have been selected from a number of potential agents. It is shown in batch experiments that the selectivity for Pd(II) is maintained when the organic phase (10(-2) M 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethylthio)benzene in 1,2-dichlorobenzene) is used several times to extract an oxidising leach solution. According to the McCabe-Thiele plot two theoretical stages are needed to extract more than 98\% of the Pd(II) contained in that solution. The calculation of the thermodynamic quantities Delta H degrees. Delta S degrees and Delta G degrees reveals that the reaction is entropy driven - the temperature has only a slight influence on the extraction yield. It is demonstrated that the mono-oxidised extractant has a catalytic effect on the extraction kinetics when the aqueous phase contains highly concentrated hydrochloric acid. HPLC measurements prove the presence of small quantities of 1-(2-methoxyethylsulfinyl)-2-(2-methoxyethylthio) benzene in the organic phase.}, language = {en} } @article{TraegerKlamrothKellingetal.2012, author = {Tr{\"a}ger, Juliane and Klamroth, Tillmann and Kelling, Alexandra and Lubahn, Susanne and Cleve, Ernst and Mickler, Wulfhard and Heydenreich, Matthias and M{\"u}ller, Holger and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Complexation of Palladium(II) with unsaturated Dithioethers a systematic development of highly selective ligands for solvent extraction}, series = {European journal of inorganic chemistry : a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe}, journal = {European journal of inorganic chemistry : a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe}, number = {14}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1434-1948}, doi = {10.1002/ejic.201101406}, pages = {2341 -- 2352}, year = {2012}, abstract = {There is a demand for new and robust PdII extractants due to growing recycling rates. Chelating dithioethers are promising substances for solvent extraction as they form stable square-planar complexes with PdII. We have modified unsaturated dithioethers, which are known to coordinate PdII, and adapted them to the requirements of industrial practice. The ligands are analogues of 1,2-dithioethene with varying electron-withdrawing backbones and polar end-groups. The crystal structures of several ligands and their palladium complexes were determined as well as their electro- and photochemical properties, complex stability and behaviour in solution. Solvent extraction experiments showed the superiority of some of our ligands over conventionally used extractants in terms of their very fast reaction rates. With highly selective 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethylthio)benzene (4) it is possible to extract PdII from a highly acidic medium in the presence of other base and palladium-group metals.}, language = {en} } @article{TraegerKellingSchildeetal.2012, author = {Tr{\"a}ger, J. and Kelling, A. and Schilde, Uwe and Holdt, H. -J.}, title = {rac-1-[(2-Methoxyethyl)sulfanyl]-2-[(2-methoxyethyl)sulfinyl]benzene and its PdCl2 complex}, series = {Acta crystallographica : Section C, Crystal structure communications}, volume = {68}, journal = {Acta crystallographica : Section C, Crystal structure communications}, number = {9}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0108-2701}, doi = {10.1107/S0108270112032192}, pages = {M238 -- +}, year = {2012}, abstract = {As an extension of recent findings on the recovery of palladium with dithioether extractants, single crystals of the chelating vicinal thioether sulfoxide ligand rac-1-[(2-methoxyethyl)sulfanyl]-2-[(2-methoxyethyl)sulfinyl]benzene, C12H18O3S2, (I), and its square-planar dichloridopalladium complex, rac-dichlorido{1-[(2-methoxyethyl)sulfanyl]-2-[(2-methoxyethyl)sulfinyl]benzene-?2S,S'}palladium(II), [PdCl2(C12H18O3S2)], (II), have been synthesized and their structures analysed. The molecular structure of (II) is the first ever characterized involving a dihalogenidePdII complex in which the palladium is bonded to both a thioether and a sulfoxide functional group. The structural and stereochemical characteristics of the ligand are compared with those of the analogous dithioether compound [Traeger et al. (2012). Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. pp. 23412352]. The sulfinyl O atom suppresses the electron-pushing and mesomeric effect of the SC...;CS unit in ligand (I), resulting in bond lengths significantly different than in the dithioether reference compound. In contrast, in complex (II), those bond lengths are nearly the same as in the analogous dithioether complex. As observed previously, there is an interaction between the central PdII atom and the O atom that is situated above the plane.}, language = {en} } @article{TrukenbrodEngbert2012, author = {Trukenbrod, Hans Arne and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Eye movements in a sequential scanning task - evidence for distributed processing}, series = {Journal of vision}, volume = {12}, journal = {Journal of vision}, number = {1}, publisher = {Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology}, address = {Rockville}, issn = {1534-7362}, doi = {10.1167/12.1.5}, pages = {12}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Current models of eye movement control are derived from theories assuming serial processing of single items or from theories based on parallel processing of multiple items at a time. This issue has persisted because most investigated paradigms generated data compatible with both serial and parallel models. Here, we study eye movements in a sequential scanning task, where stimulus n indicates the position of the next stimulus n + 1. We investigate whether eye movements are controlled by sequential attention shifts when the task requires serial order of processing. Our measures of distributed processing in the form of parafoveal-on-foveal effects, long-range modulations of target selection, and skipping saccades provide evidence against models strictly based on serial attention shifts. We conclude that our results lend support to parallel processing as a strategy for eye movement control.}, language = {en} } @article{TrotzkyChenFleschetal.2012, author = {Trotzky, S. and Chen, Y-A. and Flesch, A. and McCulloch, I. P. and Schollw{\"o}ck, U. and Eisert, J. and Bloch, I.}, title = {Probing the relaxation towards equilibrium in an isolated strongly correlated one-dimensional Bose gas}, series = {Nature physics}, volume = {8}, journal = {Nature physics}, number = {4}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {1745-2473}, doi = {10.1038/NPHYS2232}, pages = {325 -- 330}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The problem of how complex quantum systems eventually come to rest lies at the heart of statistical mechanics. The maximum-entropy principle describes which quantum states can be expected in equilibrium, but not how closed quantum many-body systems dynamically equilibrate. Here, we report the experimental observation of the non-equilibrium dynamics of a density wave of ultracold bosonic atoms in an optical lattice in the regime of strong correlations. Using an optical superlattice, we follow its dynamics in terms of quasi-local densities, currents and coherences-all showing a fast relaxation towards equilibrium values. Numerical calculations based on matrix-product states are in an excellent quantitative agreement with the experimental data. The system fulfills the promise of being a dynamical quantum simulator, in that the controlled dynamics runs for longer times than present classical algorithms can keep track of.}, language = {en} } @article{TronickePaascheBoeniger2012, author = {Tronicke, Jens and Paasche, Hendrik and B{\"o}niger, Urs}, title = {Crosshole traveltime tomography using particle swarm optimization a near-surface field example}, series = {Geophysics}, volume = {77}, journal = {Geophysics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Society of Exploration Geophysicists}, address = {Tulsa}, issn = {0016-8033}, doi = {10.1190/GEO2010-0411.1}, pages = {R19 -- R32}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a relatively new global optimization approach inspired by the social behavior of bird flocking and fish schooling. Although this approach has proven to provide excellent convergence rates in different optimization problems, it has seldom been applied to inverse geophysical problems. Until today, published geophysical applications mainly focus on finding an optimum solution for simple, 1D inverse problems. We have applied PSO-based optimization strategies to reconstruct 2D P-wave velocity fields from crosshole traveltime data sets. Our inversion strategy also includes generating and analyzing a representative ensemble of acceptable models, which allows us to appraise uncertainty and nonuniqueness issues. The potential of our strategy was tested on field data collected at a well-constrained test site in Horstwalde, Germany. At this field site, the shallow subsurface mainly consists of sand- and gravel-dominated glaciofluvial sediments, which, as known from several boreholes and other geophysical experiments, exhibit some well-defined layering at the scale of our crosshole seismic data. Thus, we have implemented a flexible, layer-based model parameterization, which, compared with standard cell-based parameterizations, allows for significantly reducing the number of unknown model parameters and for efficiently implementing a priori model constraints. Comparing the 2D velocity fields resulting from our PSO strategy to independent borehole and direct-push data illustrated the benefits of choosing an efficient global optimization approach. These include a straightforward and understandable appraisal of nonuniqueness issues as well as the possibility of an improved and also more objective interpretation.}, language = {en} } @article{TremblayFuechselSaalfrank2012, author = {Tremblay, Jean Christophe and F{\"u}chsel, Gernot and Saalfrank, Peter}, title = {Excitation, relaxation, and quantum diffusion of CO on copper}, series = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, volume = {86}, journal = {Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {1098-0121}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevB.86.045438}, pages = {13}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We investigate the effect of intermode coupling and anharmonicity on the excitation and relaxation dynamics of CO on Cu(100). The nonadiabatic coupling of the adsorbate to the surface is treated perturbatively using a position-dependent state-resolved transition rate model. Using the potential energy surface of Marquardt et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 132, 074108 (2010)], which provides an accurate description of intermode interactions, we propose a four-dimensional model that represents simultaneously the diffusion and the desorption of the adsorbate. The system is driven by both rational and optimized infrared laser pulses to favor either selective mode and state excitations or lateral displacement along the diffusion coordinate. The dissipative dynamics is simulated using the reduced density matrix in its Lindblad form. We show that coupling between the degrees of freedom, mediated by the creation and annihilation of electron-hole pairs in the metal substrate, significantly affects the system excitation and relaxation dynamics. In particular, the angular degrees of freedom appear to play an important role in the energy redistribution among the molecule-surface vibrations. We also show that coherent excitation using simple IR pulses can achieve population transfer to a specific target to some extent but does not allow enforcement of the directionality to the diffusion motion.}, language = {en} } @article{Tonita2012, author = {Tonita, Aaryn}, title = {Distributional sources for black hole initial data}, series = {Classical and quantum gravit}, volume = {29}, journal = {Classical and quantum gravit}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0264-9381}, doi = {10.1088/0264-9381/29/1/015001}, pages = {16}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Black hole initial data are usually produced using Bowen-York-type puncture initial data or by applying an excision boundary condition. The benefits of the Bowen-York initial data are the ability to specify the spin and momentum of the system as parameters of the initial data. In an attempt to extend these benefits to other formulations of the Einstein constraints, the puncture method is reformulated using distributions as source terms. It is shown how the Bowen-York puncture black hole initial data and the trumpet variation are generated by distributional sources. A heuristic argument is presented to argue that these sources are the general sources of spin and momentum. In order to clarify the meaning of other distributional sources, an exact family of initial data with generalized sources to the Hamiltonian constraint are studied; spinning trumpet black hole initial data and black hole initial data with higher order momentum sources are also studied.}, language = {en} } @article{TomovskiSandevMetzleretal.2012, author = {Tomovski, Zivorad and Sandev, Trifce and Metzler, Ralf and Dubbeldam, Johan}, title = {Generalized space-time fractional diffusion equation with composite fractional time derivative}, series = {Physica : europhysics journal ; A, Statistical mechanics and its applications}, volume = {391}, journal = {Physica : europhysics journal ; A, Statistical mechanics and its applications}, number = {8}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0378-4371}, doi = {10.1016/j.physa.2011.12.035}, pages = {2527 -- 2542}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We investigate the solution of space-time fractional diffusion equations with a generalized Riemann-Liouville time fractional derivative and Riesz-Feller space fractional derivative. The Laplace and Fourier transform methods are applied to solve the proposed fractional diffusion equation. The results are represented by using the Mittag-Leffler functions and the Fox H-function. Special cases of the initial and boundary conditions are considered. Numerical scheme and Grunwald-Letnikov approximation are also used to solve the space-time fractional diffusion equation. The fractional moments of the fundamental solution of the considered space-time fractional diffusion equation are obtained. Many known results are special cases of those obtained in this paper. We investigate also the solution of a space-time fractional diffusion equations with a singular term of the form delta(x). t-beta/Gamma(1-beta) (beta > 0).}, language = {en} } @article{TiseanuCojocaruParvulescuetal.2012, author = {Tiseanu, Carmen and Cojocaru, Bogdan and Parvulescu, Vasile I. and Sanchez-Dominguez, Margarita and Primus, Philipp A. and Boutonnet, Magali}, title = {Order and disorder effects in nano-ZrO2 investigated by micro-Raman and spectrally and temporarily resolved photoluminescence}, series = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, volume = {14}, journal = {Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies}, number = {37}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1463-9076}, doi = {10.1039/c2cp41946g}, pages = {12970 -- 12981}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Pure and europium (Eu3+) doped ZrO2 synthesized by an oil-in-water microemulsion reaction method were investigated by in situ and ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), steady state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. Based on the Raman spectra excited at three different wavelengths i.e. 488, 514 and 633 nm and measured in the spectral range of 150-4000 cm(-1) the correlation between the phonon spectra of ZrO2 and luminescence of europium is clearly evidenced. The PL investigations span a variety of steady-state and time resolved measurements recorded either after direct excitation of the Eu3+ f-f transitions or indirect excitation into UV charge-transfer bands. After annealing at 500 degrees C, the overall Eu3+ emission is dominated by Eu3+ located in tetragonal symmetry lattice sites with a crystal-field splitting of the D-5(0)-F-7(1) emission of 20 cm(-1). Annealing of ZrO2 at 1000 degrees C leads to a superposition of Eu3+ emissions from tetragonal and monoclinic lattice sites with monoclinic crystal-field splitting of 200 cm(-1) for the D-5(0)-F-7(1) transition. At all temperatures, a non-negligible amorphous/disordered content is also measured and determined to be of monoclinic nature. It was found that the evolutions with calcination temperature of the average PL lifetimes corresponding to europium emission in the tetragonal and monoclinic sites and the monoclinic phase content of the Eu3+ doped ZrO2 samples follow a similar trend. By use of specific excitation conditions, the distribution of europium on the amorphous/disordered surface or ordered/crystalline sites can be identified and related to the phase content of zirconia. The role of zirconia host as a sensitizer for the europium PL is also discussed in both tetragonal and monoclinic phases.}, language = {en} } @article{Tischer2012, author = {Tischer, Ute}, title = {Servius und Rom : Lokalit{\"a}ten en passant}, isbn = {978-3-11-022213-5}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Thorau2012, author = {Thorau, Christian}, title = {Psssst! - In search of the listeners of the past}, series = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Musik}, journal = {Neue Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Musik}, number = {5}, publisher = {Schott}, address = {Mainz}, issn = {0945-6945}, pages = {18 -- 22}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{ThompsonKliemToeroek2012, author = {Thompson, W. T. and Kliem, Bernhard and Toeroek, Tibor}, title = {3D reconstruction of a rotating erupting prominence}, series = {Solar physics : a journal for solar and solar-stellar research and the study of solar terrestrial physics}, volume = {276}, journal = {Solar physics : a journal for solar and solar-stellar research and the study of solar terrestrial physics}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0038-0938}, doi = {10.1007/s11207-011-9868-5}, pages = {241 -- 259}, year = {2012}, abstract = {A bright prominence associated with a coronal mass ejection (CME) was seen erupting from the Sun on 9 April 2008. This prominence was tracked by both the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) EUVI and COR1 telescopes, and was seen to rotate about the line of sight as it erupted; therefore, the event has been nicknamed the "Cartwheel CME." The threads of the prominence in the core of the CME quite clearly indicate the structure of a weakly to moderately twisted flux rope throughout the field of view, up to heliocentric heights of 4 solar radii. Although the STEREO separation was 48A degrees, it was possible to match some sharp features in the later part of the eruption as seen in the 304 line in EUVI and in the H alpha-sensitive bandpass of COR1 by both STEREO Ahead and Behind. These features could then be traced out in three-dimensional space, and reprojected into a view in which the eruption is directed toward the observer. The reconstructed view shows that the alignment of the prominence to the vertical axis rotates as it rises up to a leading-edge height of a parts per thousand aEuro parts per thousand 2.5 solar radii, and then remains approximately constant. The alignment at 2.5 solar radii differs by about 115A degrees from the original filament orientation inferred from H alpha and EUV data, and the height profile of the rotation, obtained here for the first time, shows that two thirds of the total rotation are reached within a parts per thousand aEuro parts per thousand 0.5 solar radii above the photosphere. These features are well reproduced by numerical simulations of an unstable moderately twisted flux rope embedded in external flux with a relatively strong shear field component.}, language = {en} } @article{ThomasMatuschekGrima2012, author = {Thomas, Philipp and Matuschek, Hannes and Grima, Ramon}, title = {Intrinsic noise analyzer A software package for the exploration of stochastic biochemical kinetics using the system size expansion}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {6}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0038518}, pages = {20}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The accepted stochastic descriptions of biochemical dynamics under well-mixed conditions are given by the Chemical Master Equation and the Stochastic Simulation Algorithm, which are equivalent. The latter is a Monte-Carlo method, which, despite enjoying broad availability in a large number of existing software packages, is computationally expensive due to the huge amounts of ensemble averaging required for obtaining accurate statistical information. The former is a set of coupled differential-difference equations for the probability of the system being in any one of the possible mesoscopic states; these equations are typically computationally intractable because of the inherently large state space. Here we introduce the software package intrinsic Noise Analyzer (iNA), which allows for systematic analysis of stochastic biochemical kinetics by means of van Kampen's system size expansion of the Chemical Master Equation. iNA is platform independent and supports the popular SBML format natively. The present implementation is the first to adopt a complementary approach that combines state-of-the-art analysis tools using the computer algebra system Ginac with traditional methods of stochastic simulation. iNA integrates two approximation methods based on the system size expansion, the Linear Noise Approximation and effective mesoscopic rate equations, which to-date have not been available to non-expert users, into an easy-to-use graphical user interface. In particular, the present methods allow for quick approximate analysis of time-dependent mean concentrations, variances, covariances and correlations coefficients, which typically outperforms stochastic simulations. These analytical tools are complemented by automated multi-core stochastic simulations with direct statistical evaluation and visualization. We showcase iNA's performance by using it to explore the stochastic properties of cooperative and non-cooperative enzyme kinetics and a gene network associated with circadian rhythms. The software iNA is freely available as executable binaries for Linux, MacOSX and Microsoft Windows, as well as the full source code under an open source license.}, language = {en} } @article{ThomasLischeidSteidletal.2012, author = {Thomas, Bj{\"o}rn and Lischeid, Gunnar and Steidl, J{\"o}rg and Dannowski, Ralf}, title = {Regional catchment classification with respect to low flow risk in a Pleistocene landscape}, series = {Journal of hydrology}, volume = {475}, journal = {Journal of hydrology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0022-1694}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.10.020}, pages = {392 -- 402}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The classification of small catchments with respect to low flow risk is needed by water and environmental managers to plan adaptation measures for freshwater streams. In this study a new approach is presented to assess the risk of seasonal low flow in the Pleistocene landscape of the Federal State of Brandenburg in Germany. Seasonal low flow and drought in small streams is very common in this region and is predicted to increase due to climate change within the next decades. Data of 15 years (1991-2006) of daily discharge at 37 small catchments (<500 km(2)) and rainfall data from the same region were used. Principal component analyses were applied to the two data sets separately. The first five principal components of the discharge data, principal components of a precipitation data set covering the same catchments and catchment characteristics were used to explain the patterns found. The first five discharge components explained 72.9\% of the total variance in the data set. The first component reflected the general regional discharge pattern. Components 2 and 3 of the discharge data could be related to spatial patterns of precipitation. Components 4 and 5 of the discharge data reflected geohydrologic processes within the catchments. In order to identify catchments with high risk with respect to low flows, component three and five were important as they both identified catchments with faster decrease of flows during summer. These components were used to estimate low flow risk. Catchments located in the northeast of Brandenburg, especially those in the Barnim highlands north and east of Berlin, were identified to be prone to seasonal low flow. There water management measures to adapt to climate change are needed the most.}, language = {en} } @article{ThierbachFlorianWolfrumetal.2012, author = {Thierbach, Rene and Florian, Simone and Wolfrum, Katharina and Voigt, Anja and Drewes, Gunnar and Blume, Urte and Bannasch, Peter and Ristow, Michael and Steinberg, Pablo}, title = {Specific alterations of carbohydrate metabolism are associated with hepatocarcinogenesis in mitochondrially impaired mice}, series = {Human molecular genetics}, volume = {21}, journal = {Human molecular genetics}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0964-6906}, doi = {10.1093/hmg/ddr499}, pages = {656 -- 663}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Friedreich's ataxia is an inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the reduced expression of the mitochondrially active protein frataxin. We have previously shown that mice with a hepatocyte-specific frataxin knockout (AlbFxn(-/-)) develop multiple hepatic tumors in later life. In the present study, hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in AlbFxn(-/-) mice at an early and late life stage was analyzed. In young (5-week-old) AlbFxn(-/-) mice hepatic ATP, glucose-6-phosphate and glycogen levels were found to be reduced by similar to 74, 80 and 88\%, respectively, when compared with control animals. This pronounced ATP, G6P and glycogen depletion in the livers of young mice reverted in older animals: while half of the mice die before 30 weeks of age, the other half reaches 17 months of age and exhibits glycogen, G6P and ATP levels similar to those in age-matched controls. A key event in this respect seems to be the up-regulation of GLUT1, the predominant glucose transporter in fetal liver parenchyma, which became evident in AlbFxn(-/-) mice being 5-12 weeks of age. The most significant histological findings in animals being 17 or 22 months of age were the appearance of multiple clear cell, mixed cell and basophilic foci throughout the liver parenchyma as well as the development of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. The hepatocarcinogenic process in AlbFxn 2/2 mice shows remarkable differences regarding carbohydrate metabolism alterations when compared with all other chemically and virally driven liver cancer models described up to now.}, language = {en} } @article{ThienenNoweskiRauthetal.2012, author = {Thienen, Julia von and Noweski, Christine and Rauth, Ingo and Meinel, Christoph and Lange, Sabine}, title = {If you want to know who are, tell me where you are : the importance of places}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{ThienenNoweskiMeineletal.2012, author = {Thienen, Julia von and Noweski, Christine and Meinel, Christoph and Lang, Sabine and Nicolai, Claudia and Bartz, Andreas}, title = {What can design thinking learn from behavior group theraphy?}, isbn = {978-3-642-31990-7}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{ThielemannKuehnHoffmannFoehlisch2012, author = {Thielemann-K{\"u}hn, Nele and Hoffmann, P. and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander}, title = {A versatile detector for total fluorescence and electron yield experiments}, series = {Review of scientific instruments : a monthly journal devoted to scientific instruments, apparatus, and techniques}, volume = {83}, journal = {Review of scientific instruments : a monthly journal devoted to scientific instruments, apparatus, and techniques}, number = {9}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0034-6748}, doi = {10.1063/1.4754126}, pages = {3}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The combination of a non-coated silicon photodiode with electron repelling meshes makes a versatile detector for total fluorescence yield and electron yield techniques highly suitable for x-ray absorption spectroscopy. In particular, a copper mesh with a bias voltage allows to suppress or transmit the electron yield signal. The performance of this detection scheme has been characterized by near edge x-ray absorption fine structure studies of thermal oxidized silicon and sapphire. The results show that the new detector probes both electron yield and for a bias voltage exceeding the maximum photon energy the total fluorescence yield.}, language = {en} } @article{Thapa2012, author = {Thapa, Basanta E. P.}, title = {Mit internetbasierter b{\"u}rgerschaftlicher Koproduktion zu einer neuen Partizipationskultur}, series = {Perspektiven f{\"u}r morgen : Gedanken zur Zukunft von Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft}, journal = {Perspektiven f{\"u}r morgen : Gedanken zur Zukunft von Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60608}, pages = {82 -- 92}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Inhalt: - Was ist das Problem? - Politikverdrossenheit und Entfremdung zwischen B{\"u}rger und Staat - Warum mehr Partizipation? - Eine kommunitaristische Diagnose - Warum reicht politische Partizipation nicht aus? - Das Beispiel der B{\"u}rgerkommune - Wo k{\"o}nnen sich B{\"u}rger als Koproduzenten beteiligen? - Lehren aus dem Neuen Steuerungsmodell - Wie kann b{\"u}rgerschaftliche Koproduktion gesteuertwerden? - Die neuen M{\"o}glichkeiten des Internets - Fazit}, language = {de} } @article{TeriacaAndrettaAuchereetal.2012, author = {Teriaca, Luca and Andretta, Vincenzo and Auchere, Frederic and Brown, Charles M. and Buchlin, Eric and Cauzzi, Gianna and Culhane, J. Len and Curdt, Werner and Davila, Joseph M. and Del Zanna, Giulio and Doschek, George A. and Fineschi, Silvano and Fludra, Andrzej and Gallagher, Peter T. and Green, Lucie and Harra, Louise K. and Imada, Shinsuke and Innes, Davina and Kliem, Bernhard and Korendyke, Clarence and Mariska, John T. and Martinez-Pillet, Valentin and Parenti, Susanna and Patsourakos, Spiros and Peter, Hardi and Poletto, Luca and Rutten, Robert J. and Schuehle, Udo and Siemer, Martin and Shimizu, Toshifumi and Socas-Navarro, Hector and Solanki, Sami K. and Spadaro, Daniele and Trujillo-Bueno, Javier and Tsuneta, Saku and Dominguez, Santiago Vargas and Vial, Jean-Claude and Walsh, Robert and Warren, Harry P. and Wiegelmann, Thomas and Winter, Berend and Young, Peter}, title = {LEMUR large european module for solar ultraviolet research}, series = {Experimental astronomy : an international journal on astronomical instrumentation and data analysis}, volume = {34}, journal = {Experimental astronomy : an international journal on astronomical instrumentation and data analysis}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0922-6435}, doi = {10.1007/s10686-011-9274-x}, pages = {273 -- 309}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The solar outer atmosphere is an extremely dynamic environment characterized by the continuous interplay between the plasma and the magnetic field that generates and permeates it. Such interactions play a fundamental role in hugely diverse astrophysical systems, but occur at scales that cannot be studied outside the solar system. Understanding this complex system requires concerted, simultaneous solar observations from the visible to the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and soft X-rays, at high spatial resolution (between 0.1'' and 0.3''), at high temporal resolution (on the order of 10 s, i.e., the time scale of chromospheric dynamics), with a wide temperature coverage (0.01 MK to 20 MK, from the chromosphere to the flaring corona), and the capability of measuring magnetic fields through spectropolarimetry at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Simultaneous spectroscopic measurements sampling the entire temperature range are particularly important. These requirements are fulfilled by the Japanese Solar-C mission (Plan B), composed of a spacecraft in a geosynchronous orbit with a payload providing a significant improvement of imaging and spectropolarimetric capabilities in the UV, visible, and near-infrared with respect to what is available today and foreseen in the near future. The Large European Module for solar Ultraviolet Research (LEMUR), described in this paper, is a large VUV telescope feeding a scientific payload of high-resolution imaging spectrographs and cameras. LEMUR consists of two major components: a VUV solar telescope with a 30 cm diameter mirror and a focal length of 3.6 m, and a focal-plane package composed of VUV spectrometers covering six carefully chosen wavelength ranges between 170 and 1270 . The LEMUR slit covers 280'' on the Sun with 0.14'' per pixel sampling. In addition, LEMUR is capable of measuring mass flows velocities (line shifts) down to 2 km s (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) or better. LEMUR has been proposed to ESA as the European contribution to the Solar C mission.}, language = {en} } @article{TepperGarciaRichterSchayeetal.2012, author = {Tepper-Garcia, Thorsten and Richter, Philipp and Schaye, Joop and Booth, C. M. and Dalla Vecchia, Claudio and Theuns, Tom}, title = {Absorption signatures of warm-hot gas at low redshift: broad H?i Lya absorbers}, series = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, volume = {425}, journal = {Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0035-8711}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21545.x}, pages = {1640 -- 1663}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We investigate the physical state of H?i absorbing gas at low redshift (z = 0.25) using a subset of cosmological, hydrodynamic simulations from the OverWhelmingly Large Simulations project, focusing in particular on broad (bHI=40 km s-1) H?i Lya absorbers (BLAs), which are believed to originate in shock-heated gas in the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). Our fiducial model, which includes radiative cooling by heavy elements and feedback by supernovae and active galactic nuclei, predicts that by z = 0.25 nearly 60?per cent of the gas mass ends up at densities and temperatures characteristic of the WHIM and we find that half of this fraction is due to outflows. The standard H?i observables (distribution of H?i column densities NH?I, distribution of Doppler parameters bHI, bHINH?I correlation) and the BLA line number density predicted by our simulations are in remarkably good agreement with observations. BLAs arise in gas that is hotter, more highly ionized and more enriched than the gas giving rise to typical Lya forest absorbers. The majority of the BLAs arise in warm-hot [log?(T/?K) similar to 5] gas at low (log?? < 1.5) overdensities. On average, thermal broadening accounts for at least 60?per cent of the BLA linewidth, which in turn can be used as a rough indicator of the thermal state of the gas. Detectable BLAs account for only a small fraction of the true baryon content of the WHIM at low redshift. In order to detect the bulk of the mass in this gas phase, a sensitivity at least one order of magnitude better than achieved by current ultraviolet spectrographs is required. We argue that BLAs mostly trace gas that has been shock heated and enriched by outflows and that they therefore provide an important window on a poorly understood feedback process.}, language = {en} } @article{TemirbayevZhanabaevTarasovetal.2012, author = {Temirbayev, Amirkhan A. and Zhanabaev, Zeinulla Zh. and Tarasov, Stanislav B. and Ponomarenko, Vladimir I. and Rosenblum, Michael}, title = {Experiments on oscillator ensembles with global nonlinear coupling}, series = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, volume = {85}, journal = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.85.015204}, pages = {4}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We experimentally analyze collective dynamics of a population of 20 electronic Wien-bridge limit-cycle oscillators with a nonlinear phase-shifting unit in the global feedback loop. With an increase in the coupling strength we first observe formation and then destruction of a synchronous cluster, so that the dependence of the order parameter on the coupling strength is not monotonic. After destruction of the cluster the ensemble remains nevertheless coherent, i.e., it exhibits an oscillatory collective mode (mean field). We show that the system is now in a self-organized quasiperiodic state, predicted in Rosenblum and Pikovsky [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 064101 (2007)]. In this state, frequencies of all oscillators are smaller than the frequency of the mean field, so that the oscillators are not locked to the mean field they create and their dynamics is quasiperiodic. Without a nonlinear phase-shifting unit, the system exhibits a standard Kuramoto-like transition to a fully synchronous state. We demonstrate a good correspondence between the experiment and previously developed theory. We also propose a simple measure which characterizes the macroscopic incoherence-coherence transition in a finite-size ensemble.}, language = {en} } @article{TelezhinskyDwarkadasPohl2012, author = {Telezhinsky, Igor O. and Dwarkadas, Vikram V. and Pohl, Martin}, title = {Time-dependent escape of cosmic rays from supernova remnants, and their interaction with dense media}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {541}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201118639}, pages = {11}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Context. Supernova remnants (SNRs) are thought to be the main source of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) up to the "knee" in CR spectrum. During the evolution of a SNR, the bulk of the CRs are confined inside the SNR shell. The highest-energy particles leave the system continuously, while the remaining adiabatically cooled particles are released when the SNR has expanded sufficiently and decelerated so that the magnetic field at the shock is no longer able to confine them. Particles escaping from the parent system may interact with nearby molecular clouds, producing.-rays in the process via pion decay. The soft gamma-ray spectra observed for a number of SNRs interacting with molecular clouds, however, challenge current theories of non-linear particle acceleration that predict harder spectra. Aims. We study how the spectrum of escaped particles depends on the time-dependent acceleration history in both Type Ia and core-collapse SNRs, as well as on different assumptions about the diffusion coefficient in the vicinity of the SNR. Methods. We solve the CR transport equation in a test-particle approach combined with numerical simulations of SNR evolution. Results. We extend our method for calculating the CR acceleration in SNRs to trace the escaped particles in a large volume around SNRs. We calculate the evolution of the spectra of CRs that have escaped from a SNR into a molecular cloud or dense shell for two diffusion models. We find a strong confinement of CRs in a close region around the SNR, and a strong dilution effect for CRs that were able to propagate out as far as a few SNR radii.}, language = {en} } @article{TelezhinskyDwarkadasPohl2012, author = {Telezhinsky, Igor O. and Dwarkadas, Vikram V. and Pohl, Martin}, title = {Particle spectra from acceleration at forward and reverse shocks of young Type Ia Supernova Remnants}, series = {Astroparticle physics}, volume = {35}, journal = {Astroparticle physics}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0927-6505}, doi = {10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.10.001}, pages = {300 -- 311}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We study cosmic-ray acceleration in young Type Ia Supernova Remnants (SNRs) by means of test-particle diffusive shock acceleration theory and 1-D hydrodynamical simulations of their evolution. In addition to acceleration at the forward shock, we explore the particle acceleration at the reverse shock in the presence of a possible substantial magnetic field, and consequently the impact of this acceleration on the particle spectra in the remnant. We investigate the time evolution of the spectra for various time-dependent profiles of the magnetic field in the shocked region of the remnant. We test a possible influence on particle spectra of the Alfvenic drift of scattering centers in the precursor regions of the shocks. In addition, we study the radiation spectra and morphology in a broad band from radio to gamma-rays. It is demonstrated that the reverse shock contribution to the cosmic-ray particle population of young Type la SNRs may be significant, modifying the spatial distribution of particles and noticeably affecting the volume-integrated particle spectra in young SNRs. In particular spectral structures may arise in test-particle calculations that are often discussed as signatures of non-linear cosmic-ray modification of shocks. Therefore, the spectrum and morphology of emission, and their time evolution, differ from pure forward-shock solutions.}, language = {en} } @article{TekkenKropp2012, author = {Tekken, Vera and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Climate-Driven or Human-Induced indicating severe water scarcity in the Moulouya River Basin (Morocco)}, series = {Water}, volume = {4}, journal = {Water}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4441}, doi = {10.3390/w4040959}, pages = {959 -- 982}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Many agriculture-based economies are increasingly under stress from climate change and socio-economic pressures. The excessive exploitation of natural resources still represents the standard procedure to achieve socio-economic development. In the area of the Moulouya river basin, Morocco, natural water availability represents a key resource for all economic activities. Agriculture represents the most important sector, and frequently occurring water deficits are aggravated by climate change. On the basis of historical trends taken from CRU TS 2.1, this paper analyses the impact of climate change on the per capita water availability under inclusion of population trends. The Climatic Water Balance (CWB) shows a significant decrease for the winter period, causing adverse effects for the main agricultural season. Further, moisture losses due to increasing evapotranspiration rates indicate problems for the annual water budget and groundwater recharge. The per capita blue water availability falls below a minimum threshold of 500 m(3) per year, denoting a high regional vulnerability to increasing water scarcity assuming a no-response scenario. Regional development focusing on the water-intense sectors of agriculture and tourism appears to be at risk. Institutional capacities and policies need to address the problem, and the prompt implementation of innovative water production and efficiency measures is recommended.}, language = {en} } @article{TegetmeyerThomaArbeiter2012, author = {Tegetmeyer, Cosima and Thoma, Marco and Arbeiter, Susanne}, title = {Moult and mobility of the Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola on the West African non-breeding grounds}, series = {Journal of ornithology}, volume = {153}, journal = {Journal of ornithology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0021-8375}, doi = {10.1007/s10336-012-0833-3}, pages = {1045 -- 1051}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The globally threatened Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola is a Palearctic-African long-distance migrant that undergoes a complete moult while wintering in Africa. Little is known about the timing of moult and the birds' mobility during moulting periods. We conducted the first study on the moult of Aquatic Warblers, in the Djoudj area of Senegal, West Africa. Wing moult scores from 36 to 90 and raggedness scores from 0 to 25 were recorded in December and January. No moulting Aquatic Warblers were caught after January. Body-feather moult was observed during and shortly after wing moult until January. We conclude that Aquatic Warblers follow the typical sequence of passerine moult, with remige moult starting in October or November. To find out how moult affects their mobility, we measured the net distance that Aquatic Warblers equipped with radio transmitters travelled in 15-min intervals. In our small sample of eight birds, the mean path length was 34 m, and there was no obvious difference between the path lengths in moulting and non-moulting individuals. We conclude that, possibly, moult does not affect the mobility and flight ability of Aquatic Warblers in general. Further research is needed to locate other wintering grounds, e.g. in the Inner Niger Delta, and reproduce our study in other populations.}, language = {en} } @article{TechenHilleDoscheetal.2012, author = {Techen, Anne and Hille, Carsten and Dosche, Carsten and Kumke, Michael Uwe}, title = {Fluorescence study of drug-carrier interactions in CTAB/PBS buffer model systems}, series = {Journal of colloid and interface science}, volume = {377}, journal = {Journal of colloid and interface science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0021-9797}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcis.2012.03.063}, pages = {251 -- 261}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The well-known cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a model carrier to study drug-carrier interactions with fluorescence probes (5-hexadecanoylaminofluorescein (HAF) and 2,10-bis-(3-aminopropyloxy)dibenzo[aj]perylene-8,16-dione (NIR 628) by applying ensemble as well as single molecule fluorescence techniques. The impact of the probes on the micelle parameters (critical micelle concentration, average aggregation number, hydrodynamic radius) was investigated under physiological conditions. In the presence of additional electrolytes, such as buffer, the critical micelle concentration decreased by a factor of about 10. In contrast, no influence of the probes on the critical micelle concentration and on average aggregation number was observed. The results show that HAF does not affect the characteristics of CTAB micelles. Analyzing fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data and time-resolved anisotropy decays in terms of the "two-step" in combination with the "wobbling-in-cone" model, it was proven that HAF and NIR 628 are differently associated with the micelles. Based on ensemble and single molecule fluorescence experiments, intra- and intermicellar energy transfer process between the two dyes were probed and characterized.}, language = {en} } @article{TaubertStangeLietal.2012, author = {Taubert, Andreas and Stange, Franziska and Li, Zhonghao and Junginger, Mathias and G{\"u}nter, Christina and Neumann, Mike and Friedrich, Alwin}, title = {CuO nanoparticles from the Strongly Hydrated Ionic Liquid Precursor (ILP) Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide evaluation of the Ethanol Sensing Activity}, series = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces}, volume = {4}, journal = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/am201427q}, pages = {791 -- 795}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The sensing potential of CuO nanoparticles synthesized via. precipitation from a water/ionic liquid precursor (ILP) mixture was investigated. The particles have a moderate surface area of 66 m(2)/g after synthesis, which decreases upon thermal treatment to below 5 m(2)/g. Transmission electron microscopy confirms crystal growth upon annealing, likely due to sintering effects. The as-synthesized particles can be used for ethanol sensing. The respective sensors show fast response and recovery times of below 10 s and responses greater than 2.3 at 100 ppm of ethanol at 200 degrees C, which is higher than any CuO-based ethanol sensor described so far.}, language = {en} } @article{TartivelBehlSchroeteretal.2012, author = {Tartivel, Lucile and Behl, Marc and Schr{\"o}ter, Michael and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Hydrogel networks based on ABA triblock copolymers}, series = {Journal of applied biomaterials \& functional materials}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of applied biomaterials \& functional materials}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wichtig}, address = {Milano}, issn = {2280-8000}, doi = {10.5301/JABFM.2012.10295}, pages = {243 -- 248}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Triblock copolymers from hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) segment A and oligo(propylene glycol) segment B, providing an ABA structure (OEG-OPG-OEG triblock), are known to be biocompatible and are used as self-solidifying gels in drug depots. A complete removal of these depots would be helpful in cases of undesired side effects of a drug, but this remains a challenge as they liquefy below their transition temperature. Therefore we describe the synthesis of covalently cross-linked hydrogel networks. Method: Triblock copolymer-based hydrogels were created by irradiating aqueous solutions of the corresponding macro-dimethacrylates with UV light. The degree of swelling, swelling kinetics, mechanical properties and morphology of the networks were investigated. Results: Depending on precursor concentration, equilibrium degree of swelling of the films ranged between 500\% and 880\% and was reached in 1 hour. In addition, values for storage and loss moduli of the hydrogel networks were in the 100 Pa to 10 kPa range. Conclusion: Although OEG-OPG-OEG triblocks are known for their micellization, which could hamper polymer network formation, reactive OEG-OPG-OEG triblock oligomers could be successfully polymerized into hydrogel networks. The degree of swelling of these hydrogels depends on their molecular weight and on the oligomer concentration used for hydrogel preparation. In combination with the temperature sensitivity of the ABA triblock copolymers, it is assumed that such hydrogels might be beneficial for future medical applications -e.g., removable drug release systems.}, language = {en} } @article{Taniguchi2012, author = {Taniguchi, Shinko}, title = {Neue Forschungen zur japanischen Milit{\"a}rgeschichte des 16. bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts}, series = {Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit}, volume = {16}, journal = {Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-9722}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62175}, pages = {41 -- 68}, year = {2012}, abstract = {1. Einleitung: Aspekte der Milit{\"a}rgeschicht 2. Milit{\"a}rgeschichtsforschung zur Sengoku- und Oda-Toyotomi-Zeit (1) Zu den Kriegen in der Sengoku- und Oda-Toyotomi-Zeit (1467/77 bis 1600/03) (2) Feuerwaffen (3) Burgen und Schl{\"o}sser (4) Milit{\"a}rorganisation und Kriegsdisziplin (5) Proviantlieferung, R{\"u}stungsg{\"u}ter und Handelsverkehr (6) Krieg und Gesellschaft 3. Milit{\"a}rgeschichtsforschung zur Edo-Zeit (1600/03-1868) (1) Kriegsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen (2) Die Schlosspolitik als Herrschaftsmittel (3) Mobilisierung der Truppen (4) Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft (5) Waffenbesitz und -gebrauch (6) Die Einf{\"u}hrung der abendl{\"a}ndischen Kriegstechnik und die K{\"u}stenverteidigung (7) Bauernsoldaten am Ende der Edo-Zeit (8) Ged{\"a}chtnis des Krieges, Gefallenenkult und Ideologie 4. Schlussbetrachtung: Krieg und Frieden, Ausbau der Staatsgewalt}, language = {de} } @article{TaalStPourcainThieringetal.2012, author = {Taal, H. Rob and St Pourcain, Beate and Thiering, Elisabeth and Das, Shikta and Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. and Warrington, Nicole M. and Kaakinen, Marika and Kreiner-Moller, Eskil and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and Freathy, Rachel M. and Geller, Frank and Guxens, Monica and Cousminer, Diana L. and Kerkhof, Marjan and Timpson, Nicholas J. and Ikram, M. Arfan and Beilin, Lawrence J. and Bonnelykke, Klaus and Buxton, Jessica L. and Charoen, Pimphen and Chawes, Bo Lund Krogsgaard and Eriksson, Johan and Evans, David M. and Hofman, Albert and Kemp, John P. and Kim, Cecilia E. and Klopp, Norman and Lahti, Jari and Lye, Stephen J. and McMahon, George and Mentch, Frank D. and Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina and O'Reilly, Paul F. and Prokopenko, Inga and Rivadeneira, Fernando and Steegers, Eric A. P. and Sunyer, Jordi and Tiesler, Carla and Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Breteler, Monique M. B. and Debette, Stephanie and Fornage, Myriam and Gudnason, Vilmundur and Launer, Lenore J. and van der Lugt, Aad and Mosley, Thomas H. and Seshadri, Sudha and Smith, Albert V. and Vernooij, Meike W. and Blakemore, Alexandra I. F. and Chiavacci, Rosetta M. and Feenstra, Bjarke and Fernandez-Banet, Julio and Grant, Struan F. A. and Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa and van der Heijden, Albert J. and Iniguez, Carmen and Lathrop, Mark and McArdle, Wendy L. and Molgaard, Anne and Newnham, John P. and Palmer, Lyle J. and Palotie, Aarno and Pouta, Annneli and Ring, Susan M. and Sovio, Ulla and Standl, Marie and Uitterlinden, Andre G. and Wichmann, H-Erich and Vissing, Nadja Hawwa and DeCarli, Charles and van Duijn, Cornelia M. and McCarthy, Mark I. and Koppelman, Gerard H. and Estivill, Xavier and Hattersley, Andrew T. and Melbye, Mads and Bisgaard, Hans and Pennell, Craig E. and Widen, Elisabeth and Hakonarson, Hakon and Smith, George Davey and Heinrich, Joachim and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. and Adair, Linda S. and Ang, Wei and Atalay, Mustafa and van Beijsterveldt, Toos and Bergen, Nienke and Benke, Kelly and Berry, Diane J. and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and Charoen, Pimphen and Coin, Lachlan and Cousminer, Diana L. and Das, Shikta and Davis, Oliver S. P. and Elliott, Paul and Evans, David M. and Feenstra, Bjarke and Flexeder, Claudia and Frayling, Tim and Freathy, Rachel M. and Gaillard, Romy and Geller, Frank and Groen-Blokhuis, Maria and Goh, Liang-Kee and Guxens, Monica and Haworth, Claire M. A. and Hadley, Dexter and Hebebrand, Johannes and Hinney, Anke and Hirschhorn, Joel N. and Holloway, John W. and Holst, Claus and Hottenga, Jouke Jan and Horikoshi, Momoko and Huikari, Ville and Hypponen, Elina and Iniguez, Carmen and Kaakinen, Marika and Kilpelainen, Tuomas O. and Kirin, Mirna and Kowgier, Matthew and Lakka, Hanna-Maaria and Lange, Leslie A. and Lawlor, Debbie A. and Lehtimaki, Terho and Lewin, Alex and Lindgren, Cecilia and Lindi, Virpi and Maggi, Reedik and Marsh, Julie and Middeldorp, Christel and Millwood, Iona and Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. and Murray, Jeffrey C. and Nivard, Michel and Nohr, Ellen Aagaard and Ntalla, Ioanna and Oken, Emily and O'Reilly, Paul F. and Palmer, Lyle J. and Panoutsopoulou, Kalliope and Pararajasingham, Jennifer and Prokopenko, Inga and Rodriguez, Alina and Salem, Rany M. and Sebert, Sylvain and Siitonen, Niina and Sovio, Ulla and St Pourcain, Beate and Strachan, David P. and Sunyer, Jordi and Taal, H. Rob and Teo, Yik-Ying and Thiering, Elisabeth and Tiesler, Carla and Uitterlinden, Andre G. and Valcarcel, Beatriz and Warrington, Nicole M. and White, Scott and Willemsen, Gonneke and Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Zeggini, Eleftheria and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Cooper, Cyrus and Estivill, Xavier and Gillman, Matthew and Grant, Struan F. A. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Hattersley, Andrew T. and Heinrich, Joachim and Hocher, Berthold and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Lakka, Timo A. and McCarthy, Mark I. and Melbye, Mads and Mohlke, Karen L. and Dedoussis, George V. and Ong, Ken K. and Pearson, Ewan R. and Pennell, Craig E. and Price, Thomas S. and Power, Chris and Raitakari, Olli T. and Saw, Seang-Mei and Scherag, Andre and Simell, Olli and Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. and Timpson, Nicholas J. and Widen, Elisabeth and Wilson, James F. and Ang, Wei and van Beijsterveldt, Toos and Bergen, Nienke and Benke, Kelly and Berry, Diane J. and Bradfield, Jonathan P. and Charoen, Pimphen and Coin, Lachlan and Cousminer, Diana L. and Das, Shikta and Elliott, Paul and Evans, David M. and Frayling, Tim and Freathy, Rachel M. and Gaillard, Romy and Groen-Blokhuis, Maria and Guxens, Monica and Hadley, Dexter and Hottenga, Jouke Jan and Huikari, Ville and Hypponen, Elina and Kaakinen, Marika and Kowgier, Matthew and Lawlor, Debbie A. and Lewin, Alex and Lindgren, Cecilia and Marsh, Julie and Middeldorp, Christel and Millwood, Iona and Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. and Nivard, Michel and O'Reilly, Paul F. and Palmer, Lyle J. and Prokopenko, Inga and Rodriguez, Alina and Sebert, Sylvain and Sovio, Ulla and St Pourcain, Beate and Standl, Marie and Strachan, David P. and Sunyer, Jordi and Taal, H. Rob and Thiering, Elisabeth and Tiesler, Carla and Uitterlinden, Andre G. and Valcarcel, Beatriz and Warrington, Nicole M. and White, Scott and Willemsen, Gonneke and Yaghootkar, Hanieh and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Estivill, Xavier and Grant, Struan F. A. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Hattersley, Andrew T. and Heinrich, Joachim and Jaddoe, Vincent W. V. and Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta and McCarthy, Mark I. and Pennell, Craig E. and Power, Chris and Timpson, Nicholas J. and Widen, Elisabeth and Ikram, M. Arfan and Fornage, Myriam and Smith, Albert V. and Seshadri, Sudha and Schmidt, Reinhold and Debette, Stephanie and Vrooman, Henri A. and Sigurdsson, Sigurdur and Ropele, Stefan and Coker, Laura H. and Longstreth, W. T. and Niessen, Wiro J. and DeStefano, Anita L. and Beiser, Alexa and Zijdenbos, Alex P. and Struchalin, Maksim and Jack, Clifford R. and Nalls, Mike A. and Au, Rhoda and Hofman, Albert and Gudnason, Haukur and van der Lugt, Aad and Harris, Tamara B. and Meeks, William M. and Vernooij, Meike W. and van Buchem, Mark A. and Catellier, Diane and Gudnason, Vilmundur and Windham, B. Gwen and Wolf, Philip A. and van Duijn, Cornelia M. and Mosley, Thomas H. and Schmidt, Helena and Launer, Lenore J. and Breteler, Monique M. B. and DeCarli, Charles}, title = {Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference}, series = {Nature genetics}, volume = {44}, journal = {Nature genetics}, number = {5}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {New York}, organization = {Cohorts Heart Aging Res Genetic Ep, Early Genetics Lifecourse Epidemio, Early Growth Genetics EGG Consorti}, issn = {1061-4036}, doi = {10.1038/ng.2238}, pages = {532 -- +}, year = {2012}, abstract = {To identify genetic variants associated with head circumference in infancy, we performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (N = 10,768 individuals of European ancestry enrolled in pregnancy and/or birth cohorts) and followed up three lead signals in six replication studies (combined N = 19,089). rs7980687 on chromosome 12q24 (P = 8.1 x 10(-9)) and rs1042725 on chromosome 12q15 (P = 2.8 x 10(-10)) were robustly associated with head circumference in infancy. Although these loci have previously been associated with adult height(1), their effects on infant head circumference were largely independent of height (P = 3.8 x 10(-7) for rs7980687 and P = 1.3 x 10(-7) for rs1042725 after adjustment for infant height). A third signal, rs11655470 on chromosome 17q21, showed suggestive evidence of association with head circumference (P = 3.9 x 10(-6)). SNPs correlated to the 17q21 signal have shown genome-wide association with adult intracranial volume(2), Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases(3-5), indicating that a common genetic variant in this region might link early brain growth with neurological disease in later life.}, language = {en} } @article{Suess2012, author = {S{\"u}ß, Karsten}, title = {Holger Th. Gr{\"a}f, Lena Haunert (Hrsg.), Unter Canadiensern, Irokesen und Rebellen.}, series = {Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit}, volume = {16}, journal = {Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-9722}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-63783}, pages = {276 -- 278}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Suedfels2012, author = {S{\"u}dfels, Aliya-Katarina}, title = {Ludwig Leichhardt und Alexander von Humboldt}, series = {Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; international review for Humboldtian studies}, volume = {XIII}, journal = {Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; international review for Humboldtian studies}, number = {24}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2568-3543}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-61446}, pages = {86 -- 101}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Im Juli des Jahres 1841 kommt es zu einem Treffen zwischen zwei M{\"a}nnern, das zun{\"a}chst belanglos erscheint, sich aber Jahre sp{\"a}ter als wichtige historische Begebenheit herausstellen wird. In seinem Pariser B{\"u}ro empf{\"a}ngt der 71j{\"a}hrige Naturforscher Alexander von Humboldt den jungen Preußen Ludwig Leichhardt. Der angehende Naturwissenschaftler erhofft sich Zuspruch und Empfehlung des ber{\"u}hmten Alexander von Humboldts. Die Unterredung ist kurz und verl{\"a}uft f{\"u}r Leichhardt ergebnislos. Es wird das einzige Treffen der beiden Naturwissenschaftler bleiben. Aus heutiger Sicht unverst{\"a}ndlich, da Ludwig Leichhardt und Alexander von Humboldt mehr verband, als ihre Leidenschaft f{\"u}r die Naturwissenschaften. Viel zu wenig ist sich bis jetzt den biographischen Analogien und den vergleichbaren geographischen Leistungen der beiden Preußen gewidmet worden.}, language = {de} } @article{Soell2012, author = {S{\"o}ll, {\"A}nne}, title = {Metro-sexuell? Stadtraum und m{\"a}nnliche K{\"o}rper in der M{\"a}nnermodefotografie um 2000}, isbn = {978-3-7705-5200-9}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{SzymanskiToenniesBecheretal.2012, author = {Szymanski, Kolja V. and T{\"o}nnies, Mario and Becher, Anne and Fatykhova, Diana and N'Guessan, Philippe D. and Gutbier, Birgitt and Klauschen, Frederick and Neusch{\"a}fer-Rube, Frank and Schneider, Paul and R{\"u}ckert, Jens and Neudecker, Jens and Bauer, Torsten T. and Dalhoff, Klaus and Droemann, Daniel and Gruber, Achim D. and Kershaw, Olivia and Temmesfeld-Wollbrueck, Bettina and Suttorp, Norbert and Hippenstiel, Stefan and Hocke, Andreas C.}, title = {Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in human lung tissue}, series = {The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology}, volume = {40}, journal = {The European respiratory journal : official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology}, number = {6}, publisher = {European Respiratory Society}, address = {Sheffield}, issn = {0903-1936}, doi = {10.1183/09031936.00186911}, pages = {1458 -- 1467}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The majority of cases of community-acquired pneumonia are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and most studies on pneumococcal host interaction are based on cell culture or animal experiments. Thus, little is known about infections in human lung tissue. Cyclooxygenase-2 and its metabolites play an important regulatory role in lung inflammation. Therefore, we established a pneumococcal infection model on human lung tissue demonstrating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and its related metabolites. In addition to alveolar macrophages and the vascular endothelium, cyclooxygenase-2 was upregulated in alveolar type II but not type I epithelial cells, which was confirmed in lungs of patients suffering from acute pneumonia. Moreover, we demonstrated the expression profile of all four E prostanoid receptors at the mRNA level and showed functionality of the E prostanoid(4) receptor by cyclic adenosine monophosphate production. Additionally, in comparison to previous studies, cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E-2 related pro- and anti-inflammatory mediator regulation was partly confirmed in human lung tissue after pneumococcal infection. Overall, cell type-specific and MAPK-dependent cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E-2 formation in human lung tissue may play an important role in the early phase of pneumococcal infections.}, language = {en} } @article{SzurliesGelukKrijgsmanetal.2012, author = {Szurlies, Michael and Geluk, Mark C. and Krijgsman, Wout and Kurschner, Wolfram M.}, title = {The continental Permian-Triassic boundary in the Netherlands implications for the geomagnetic polarity time scale}, series = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, volume = {317}, journal = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0012-821X}, doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.043}, pages = {165 -- 176}, year = {2012}, abstract = {In Central and NW Europe, the transition from the Permian to the Triassic (i.e., the Zechstein-Buntsandstein boundary interval) is developed mainly in red bed facies. This continental sedimentary succession is marked by relatively high sedimentation rates providing a high temporal resolution favorable for magnetic polarity stratigraphy. Here, we present a Zechstein to Lower Buntsandstein magnetostratigraphy obtained from the c. 100 m thick Everdingen-1 core from the Netherlands. Seven magnetozones (EV1n to EV4n) and five submagnetozones (EV1n.1r to EV3r.1n) have been delineated. The Everdingen-1 magnetostratigraphy has been integrated into the well-established high-resolution Zechstein-Buntsandstein stratigraphic framework, and verifies the geomagnetic polarity record from Central Germany. This confirms the hypothesis of nearly synchronous base-level cycles within the interior of the Central European Basin. These cycles are related to solar-induced similar to 100 ka eccentricity cycles. The most distinctive feature of the Everdingen-1 magnetostratigraphy is a transition from a thin reverse to a thick dominantly normal magnetic polarity interval. This reversal predates both the terrestrial mass extinction, which is indicated by a palynofloral turnover and a major sediment provenance change at the base of the Buntsandstein, and the marine Permian-Triassic Boundary (PTB). The PTB is located within the lowermost Buntsandstein and is approximated by the last occurrence of the conchostracan Falsisca postera and a negative excursion in the carbon isotope record. According to the Buntsandstein cyclostratigraphy, the R/N reversal predates the marine end-Permian extinction event by about 0.1 Ma and the marine biostratigraphic PTB by about 0.2 Ma. The thick normal magnetozone is estimated to have lasted c. 700 ka, and roughly coincides with the main phase of Siberian Trap volcanism.}, language = {en} } @article{SzelatWehr2012, author = {Szelat, Sebastian and Wehr, Katharina}, title = {"Military history editions today new challenges, old problems?" Workshop of the military history research institute, 1-2 June 2012 in Potsdam}, series = {Milit{\"a}rgeschichtliche Zeitschrift}, volume = {71}, journal = {Milit{\"a}rgeschichtliche Zeitschrift}, number = {2}, publisher = {De Gruyter Oldenbourg}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2193-2336}, pages = {398 -- 402}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Sutton2012, author = {Sutton, Katie}, title = {"We too deserve a place in the sun" the politics of transvestiteidentity in Weimar Germany}, series = {German studies review}, volume = {35}, journal = {German studies review}, number = {2}, publisher = {Johns Hopkins Univ. Press}, address = {Tempe}, issn = {0149-7952}, pages = {335 -- 354}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Cross-dressing took on new political meanings in Germany's Weimar Republic, with the emergence of organizations and periodicals aimed at promoting the interests of self-identified "transvestites." This new sexological category, developed by Magnus Hirschfeld in 1910, formed the basis for a shared sense of identity and belonging among individuals who identified as members of the "opposite" sex. Drawing on the experiences of the homosexual emancipation movement and discourses of bourgeois respectability, middle-class transvestites came together to demand legal and social recognition, including acknowledgement of "transsexual" desires. Their efforts represent a critical but forgotten moment in the history of transgender political activism.}, language = {en} } @article{SurlanHamannKubatetal.2012, author = {Surlan, B. and Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Kubat, Jirij and Oskinova, Lida and Feldmeier, Achim}, title = {Three-dimensional radiative transfer in clumped hot star winds I influence of clumping on the resonance line formation}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {541}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201118590}, pages = {11}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Context. The true mass-loss rates from massive stars are important for many branches of astrophysics. For the correct modeling of the resonance lines, which are among the key diagnostics of stellar mass-loss, the stellar wind clumping has been found to be very important. To incorporate clumping into a radiative transfer calculation, three-dimensional (3D) models are required. Various properties of the clumps may have a strong impact on the resonance line formation and, therefore, on the determination of empirical mass-loss rates. Aims. We incorporate the 3D nature of the stellar wind clumping into radiative transfer calculations and investigate how different model parameters influence the resonance line formation. Methods. We develop a full 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code for inhomogeneous expanding stellar winds. The number density of clumps follows the mass conservation. For the first time, we use realistic 3D models that describe the dense as well as the tenuous wind components to model the formation of resonance lines in a clumped stellar wind. At the same time, we account for non-monotonic velocity fields. Results. The 3D density and velocity wind inhomogeneities show that there is a very strong impact on the resonance line formation. The different parameters describing the clumping and the velocity field results in different line strengths and profiles. We present a set of representative models for various sets of model parameters and investigate how the resonance lines are affected. Our 3D models show that the line opacity is lower for a larger clump separation and shallower velocity gradients within the clumps. Conclusions. Our model demonstrates that to obtain empirically correct mass-loss rates from the UV resonance lines, the wind clumping and its 3D nature must be taken into account.}, language = {en} } @article{SunHuangMengetal.2012, author = {Sun, Sheng-Yun and Huang, Jin and Meng, Min-Jie and Lu, Jia-Hai and Hocher, Berthold and Liu, Kang-Li and Yang, Qin-He and Zhu, Xiao-Feng}, title = {Improvement of lipid profile and reduction of body weight by Shan He Jian Fei Granules in high fat diet-induced obese rats}, series = {Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion}, volume = {58}, journal = {Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {Clin Lab Publ., Verl. Klinisches Labor}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1433-6510}, pages = {81 -- 87}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: The goal was to study lipid profiles (TG, TC, LDL, HDL), effects on serum leptin, and fat tissue adiponectin, and resistin as well as body weight effects of Shan He Jian Fei Granules (SHJFG) in rats on a high fat diet. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group fed with normal fat diet, rats on high fat diet receiving low dosage, middle dosage, high dosage of Shan He Jian Fei Granules (SHJFG) as well as a high fat diet group receiving placebo. Rats were treated for 8 weeks. Body weight and naso-anal length of each rat were recorded and Lee's index was calculated. Serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and leptin concentrations were analyzed. The gene expressions of adiponectin and resistin in adipose tissues were tested by RT-PCR. Results: Compared to the high-fat diet group, body weights, Lee's indexes, weight of fat tissues and serum TG, TC, LDL and leptin of SHJFG groups significantly decreased (p<0.05), whereas mRNA expressions of adiponectin and resistin of SHJFG groups significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusions: SHJFG could significantly lower body weight and serum TG, TC, and LDL of obese rats. The effects of SHJFG in lowering leptin synthesis and raising mRNA expression of adiponectin and resistin in fat tissues may act as part of the mechanisms in lowering body weight of obese rats. Further studies are needed to demonstrate whether SHJFG may also reduce overall cardiovascular morbidity and mortality like other lipid lowering drugs.}, language = {en} } @article{SumpfMaiwaldMulleretal.2012, author = {Sumpf, Bernd and Maiwald, Martin and Muller, Andre and Ginolas, Arnim and Haeusler, Karl and Erbert, Goetz and Traenkle, Guenther}, title = {Reliable operation for 14 500 h of a wavelength-stabilized Diode Laser System on a Microoptical Bench at 671 nm}, series = {IEEE transactions on components, packaging and manufacturing technology}, volume = {2}, journal = {IEEE transactions on components, packaging and manufacturing technology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers}, address = {Piscataway}, issn = {2156-3950}, doi = {10.1109/TCPMT.2011.2171342}, pages = {116 -- 121}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Reliability tests for wavelength-stabilized compact diode laser systems emitting at 671 nm are presented. The devices were mounted on microoptical benches with the dimensions of 13 mm x 4 mm. Reflecting Bragg gratings were used for wavelength stabilization and emission width narrowing. The reliability tests were performed at 25 degrees C and at an output power up to 10 mW per micrometer stripe width of the gain medium. Reliable operation could be demonstrated over a test time up to 14 500 h at an output power up to 1.0 W. Environmental tests using random vibrations with acceleration up to 29 g were performed without deterioration of the devices.}, language = {en} } @article{Sugita2012, author = {Sugita, Yuko}, title = {Minimal affect uptake in a pre-climax position of conversational "scary" stories}, series = {Journal of pragmatics : an interdisciplinary journal of language studies}, volume = {44}, journal = {Journal of pragmatics : an interdisciplinary journal of language studies}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0378-2166}, doi = {10.1016/j.pragma.2012.05.012}, pages = {1273 -- 1289}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Analyzing pre-climax positions of everyday affect-laden telling activities, this paper shows that particular facial expressions, such as raised eyebrows with an open mouth or jaw-dropping, are the devices which are preferably deployed by story recipients as a minimal uptake to display affiliation, especially in the case of "scary" stories. During the course of conversational storytelling, it is structurally necessary that recipients warrant the tellers speakership. At the same time, a particular affective display-not only in response to what has been said but also to what comes at the climax-appears to become relevant. Immediately prior to the climax, when the teller employs elaborate multimodal cues, the recipient's display of an "anticipatory affect" is made relevant. A particular type of affect signals the anticipation of what kind of climax is approaching. The present paper explores how story recipients accomplish this two-fold task, namely to display alignment with the speaker's role allocation and listenership on the one hand and affiliation on the other. The study argues that a minimal uptake is called for, requiring only a minimal slot in the flow of storytelling and facial expressions that are most likely to fit this slot.}, language = {en} } @article{StuderMartinezGarciaJaccardetal.2012, author = {Studer, Anja S. and Martinez-Garcia, Alfredo and Jaccard, Samuel L. and Girault, France E. and Sigman, Daniel M. and Haug, Gerald H.}, title = {Enhanced stratification and seasonality in the Subarctic Pacific upon Northern Hemisphere Glaciation-New evidence from diatom-bound nitrogen isotopes, alkenones and archaeal tetraethers}, series = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, volume = {351}, journal = {Earth \& planetary science letters}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0012-821X}, doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.029}, pages = {84 -- 94}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Coincident with the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (WIG) around 2.73 million years (Ma) ago, sediment cores from both the open subarctic North Pacific and the Antarctic indicate a rapid decline in diatom opal accumulation flux to the seabed, representing one of the most abrupt and dramatic changes in the marine sediment record associated with the development of Pleistocene glacial cycles. In the North Pacific, bulk sediment nitrogen isotope data and alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) estimates suggest that the productivity decline was driven by reduced exchange between surface and deep water, due to weaker wind-driven upwelling and/or a strengthening of the halocline (i.e. "stratification"). In this study of the 2.73 Ma transition at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 882 in the western subarctic North Pacific, diatom-bound nitrogen isotopes (delta N-15(db)), alkenone mass accumulation rate, and alkenone- and archaeal tetraether-based SST reconstructions support the stratification hypothesis, indicating perennially lower export production, generally higher nitrate consumption, and greater inter-seasonal variation in SST after the 2.73 Ma transition. In addition, the delta N-15(db) of large and small size fractions of Coscinodiscus spp. suggest that these diatoms grew mostly during the spring bloom during the late Pliocene, switching to their current fall-to-winter growth period at the 2.73 Ma transition; this view is consistent with their decline in dominance and provides further evidence for increased stratification (reduced vertical exchange) in the North Pacific after 2.73 Ma. The delta N-15(db) data indicate that, over the similar to 100 kyr period after the 2.73 Ma transition studied here, nitrate consumption did not reach late Pleistocene ice age levels and that nitrate consumption in post-2.73 Ma warm stages was similar to that before the transition, even though productivity was greatly reduced. We tentatively attribute this to relatively weak dust-borne iron inputs in the early post-2.73 Ma period.}, language = {en} } @article{Struch2012, author = {Struch, Georg}, title = {A distributional analysis of recent reform proposals on the german income tax rate}, series = {Jahrb{\"u}cher f{\"u}r National{\"o}konomie und Statistik = Journal of economics and statistics}, volume = {232}, journal = {Jahrb{\"u}cher f{\"u}r National{\"o}konomie und Statistik = Journal of economics and statistics}, number = {5}, publisher = {Lucius \& Lucius}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0021-4027}, pages = {567 -- 588}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The present paper investigates potential fiscal and distributional effects which emerge due to four reform scenarios on the German income tax rate. The analysis is based on a static simulation model for the German tax system using income tax micro-data. The data shows that changing the present progressive tax system to a flat-tax, which was proposed by the FDP in 2010, could reduce the tax revenue by 15 billion Euro. Such a tax regime would increase the unequal distribution and polarisation of net incomes. The IW Koln suggested an alternative tax rate in 2008. This regime would increase unequal distribution and polarisation of disposable incomes to a greater extent than the FDP-tax rate. An implementation of this income tax scale would go along with losses in tax revenue of 18.8 billion Euro. Likewise, the implementation of a 2009 SPD tax rate proposal would reduce tax revenue by 14.8 billion Euro. Although this regime would reduce unequal distribution, the effect on the polarization of disposable incomes is not definitely predictable. In contrast to all the other scenarios, the realisation of the recent SPD tax rate proposal from 2011 could enlarge tax revenue by 4.7 billion Euro. This tax regime would reduce unequal distribution and polarisation of disposable incomes even more than the present tax system.}, language = {de} } @article{StromanPohlNiemiecetal.2012, author = {Stroman, Thomas and Pohl, Martin and Niemiec, Jacek and Bret, Antoine}, title = {Could cosmic rays affect instabilities in the Transition layer of nonrealativistic collisionless shocks?}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {746}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/24}, pages = {10}, year = {2012}, abstract = {There is an observational correlation between astrophysical shocks and nonthermal particle distributions extending to high energies. As a first step toward investigating the possible feedback of these particles on the shock at the microscopic level, we perform particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of a simplified environment consisting of uniform, interpenetrating plasmas, both with and without an additional population of cosmic rays. We vary the relative density of the counterstreaming plasmas, the strength of a homogeneous parallel magnetic field, and the energy density in cosmic rays. We compare the early development of the unstable spectrum for selected configurations without cosmic rays to the growth rates predicted from linear theory, for assurance that the system is well represented by the PIC technique. Within the parameter space explored, we do not detect an unambiguous signature of any cosmic-ray-induced effects on the microscopic instabilities that govern the formation of a shock. We demonstrate that an overly coarse distribution of energetic particles can artificially alter the statistical noise that produces the perturbative seeds of instabilities, and that such effects can be mitigated by increasing the density of computational particles.}, language = {en} } @article{StrolloParolaiBindietal.2012, author = {Strollo, Angelo and Parolai, Stefano and Bindi, Dino and Chiauzzi, Leonardo and Pagliuca, Rossella and Mucciarelli, Marco and Zschau, Jochen}, title = {Microzonation of Potenza (Southern Italy) in terms of spectral intensity ratio using joint analysis of earthquakes and ambient noise}, series = {Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering}, volume = {10}, journal = {Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1570-761X}, doi = {10.1007/s10518-011-9256-4}, pages = {493 -- 516}, year = {2012}, abstract = {A temporary seismic network composed of 11 stations was installed in the city of Potenza (Southern Italy) to record local and regional seismicity within the context of a national project funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection (DPC). Some stations were moved after a certain time in order to increase the number of measurement points, leading to a total of 14 sites within the city by the end of the experiment. Recordings from 26 local earthquakes (M-l 2.2-3.8 ) were analyzed to compute the site responses at the 14 sites by applying both reference and non-reference site techniques. Furthermore, the Spectral Intensity (SI) for each local earthquake, as well as their ratios with respect to the values obtained at a reference site, were also calculated. In addition, a field survey of 233 single station noise measurements within the city was carried out to increase the information available at localities different from the 14 monitoring sites. By using the results of the correlation analysis between the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios computed from noise recordings (NHV) at the 14 selected sites and those derived by the single station noise measurements within the town as a proxy, the spectral intensity correction factors for site amplification obtained from earthquake analysis were extended to the entire city area. This procedure allowed us to provide a microzonation map of the urban area that can be directly used when calculating risk scenarios for civil defence purposes. The amplification factors estimated following this approach show values increasing along the main valley toward east where the detrital and alluvial complexes reach their maximum thickness.}, language = {en} } @article{StrehmelRexhausenStrauch2012, author = {Strehmel, Veronika and Rexhausen, Hans and Strauch, Peter}, title = {New spin probes starting from 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yloxyl}, series = {Tetrahedron letters}, volume = {53}, journal = {Tetrahedron letters}, number = {13}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0040-4039}, doi = {10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.063}, pages = {1587 -- 1591}, year = {2012}, abstract = {This Letter describes four new 4-trimethylammonio-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yloxyls bearing camphorsulfonate, triflate, tosylate, or lactate as counter ions. These spin probes were made by anion metathesis of 4-trimethylammonio-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yloxyl iodide using the corresponding silver salts. The latter is made by the alkylation of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yloxyl. Furthermore, the Letter gives an improved synthetic way to 4-sulfonamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yloxyl using chlorosulfuric acid trimethylsilylester and 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-yloxyl. All the spin probes are highly interesting for the investigation of ionic liquids.}, language = {en} } @article{StreblowSchiefeleRiedel2012, author = {Streblow, Lilian and Schiefele, Ulrich and Riedel, Stefanie}, title = {Evaluation of the Revised Reading Competence and Reading Motivation Training (LEKOLEMO) for the lower secondary school level}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Entwicklungspsychologie und p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie}, volume = {44}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Entwicklungspsychologie und p{\"a}dagogische Psychologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0049-8637}, doi = {10.1026/0049-8637/a000058}, pages = {12 -- 26}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Inspired by the results from the PISA study and based on previous intervention programs, the reading competence training LEKOLEMO (Program for Fostering Reading Literacy and Reading Motivation) for 7th-grade students was developed. The training differs from existing programs in two aspects: (1) It comprises tasks pertaining to the PISA reading dimensions retrieving information, text-related interpretation, and reflection and evaluation, and (2) explicitly aims at fostering reading motivation. The present study examined the revised version of LEKOLEMO in a sample of 235 seventh graders. The results confirmed the effectiveness of LEKOLEMO and showed significant effects of medium size on reading competence at the follow-up test. However, effects on intrinsic reading motivation and on self-concept of reading were small and unstable.}, language = {de} } @article{Strassburg2012, author = {Straßburg, Christoph}, title = {Die Freiheit des Geldes}, series = {Perspektiven f{\"u}r morgen : Gedanken zur Zukunft von Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft}, journal = {Perspektiven f{\"u}r morgen : Gedanken zur Zukunft von Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60693}, pages = {172 -- 179}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Inhalt: - Geld macht uns frei! - Wie wird man zum Schuldenstaat? - Das Gesch{\"a}ft mit dem Geld - Vorschl{\"a}ge f{\"u}r ein notwendiges Umdenken}, language = {de} } @article{StoofLeichsenringEppTrauthetal.2012, author = {Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie and Epp, Laura Saskia and Trauth, Martin H. and Tiedemann, Ralph}, title = {Hidden diversity in diatoms of Kenyan Lake Naivasha a genetic approach detects temporal variation}, series = {Molecular ecology}, volume = {21}, journal = {Molecular ecology}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {0962-1083}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05412.x}, pages = {1918 -- 1930}, year = {2012}, abstract = {This study provides insights into the morphological and genetic diversity in diatoms occurring in core sediments from tropical lakes in Kenya. We developed a genetic survey technique specific for diatoms utilizing a short region (7667 bp) of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene as genetic barcode. Our analyses (i) validated the use of rbcL as a barcoding marker for diatoms, applied to sediment samples, (ii) showed a significant correlation between the results obtained by morphological and molecular data and (iii) indicated temporal variation in diatom assemblages on the inter- and intra-specific level. Diatom assemblages from a short core from Lake Naivasha show a drastic shift over the last 200 years, as littoral species (e.g. Navicula) are replaced by more planktonic ones (e.g. Aulacoseira). Within that same period, we detected periodic changes in the respective frequencies of distinct haplotype groups of Navicula, which coincide with wet and dry periods of Lake Naivasha between 1820 and 1938 AD. Our genetic analyses on historical lake sediments revealed inter- and intra-specific variation in diatoms, which is partially hidden behind single morphotypes. The occurrence of particular genetic lineages is probably correlated with environmental factors.}, language = {en} } @article{StojanovicMarkovicKleinpeteretal.2012, author = {Stojanovic, Milovan and Markovic, Rade and Kleinpeter, Erich and Baranac-Stojanovic, Marija}, title = {Synthesis of thiazolidine-fused heterocycles via exo-mode cyclizations of vinylogous N-acyliminium ions}, series = {Organic \& biomolecular chemistry : an international journal of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry}, volume = {10}, journal = {Organic \& biomolecular chemistry : an international journal of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry}, number = {3}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1477-0520}, doi = {10.1039/c1ob06451g}, pages = {575 -- 589}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Syntheses of thiazolidine-fused heterocycles via exo-mode cyclizations of vinylogous N-acyliminium ions incorporating heteroatom-based nucleophiles have been examined and discussed. The formation of (5,6)-membered systems was feasible with all nucleophiles tried (O, S and N), while the closing of the five-membered ring was restricted to O- and S-nucleophiles. The closure of a four-membered ring failed. Instead, the bicyclic (5,6)-membered acetal derivative and the tricyclic system with an eight-membered central ring were obtained from the substrates containing O and S nucleophilic moieties, respectively. The reaction outcome and stereochemistry are rationalized using quantum chemical calculations at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. The exclusive cis-stereoselectivity in the formation of (5,6)- and (5,5)-membered systems results from thermodynamic control, whereas the formation of the eight-membered ring was kinetically controlled.}, language = {en} } @article{Stockhorst2012, author = {Stockhorst, Stefanie}, title = {"Geiles 17. Jahrhundert" : zur Barock-Rezeption Thomas Klings}, isbn = {978-3-389971-874-4}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Stockhorst2012, author = {Stockhorst, Stefanie}, title = {Wissensvermittlung im Dialog : literarische Pflanzenkunde und christliche Weltdeutung in den Rahmenst{\"u}cken von Johann Rists Monatsgespr{\"a}chen und ihrer Fortsetzung durch Erasmus Francisci}, editor = {Schock, Flemming}, isbn = {978-3-11- 027876-7}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Stockhorst2012, author = {Stockhorst, Stefanie}, title = {Wege und Techniken des {\"U}bersetzens im 18. Jahrhundert : methodische Perspektiven der Aufkl{\"a}rungsforschung}, isbn = {978-3-03-431186-1}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Stockhorst2012, author = {Stockhorst, Stefanie}, title = {Das klassische Weimar aus englischer Sicht : zum Funktionswandel des Reisens um 1800 am Beispiel von Charles Gore und Henry Crabb Robinson}, isbn = {978-3-89975-272-4}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Stillmark2012, author = {Stillmark, Hans-Christian}, title = {Familienbilder in Hebbels Werk}, isbn = {978-3-901749-92-6}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Die Volksn{\"a}he Hebbels tritt versteckt auf und ist nicht so sehr in seinem dramatischen Werk, f{\"u}r das er ber{\"u}hmt ist zu finden, sondern eher in den Novellen und in der Lyrik. Dieser Pr{\"a}misse folgt der Band, der dementsprechend Hebbels Erz{\"a}hlungen und sein lyrisches Werk in den Mittelpunkt stellt.}, language = {de} } @article{Stillmark2012, author = {Stillmark, Hans-Christian}, title = {Literarische Paare : Deutsch-Deutsche Beziehungen und Befindlichkeiten zwischen Leben und Schreiben ; Natascha Wodin und Wolfgang Hilbig}, isbn = {978-3-7069-0680-7}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Der Beitrag zeichnet die Beziehungen zwischen dem Dichterpaar Wolfgang Hilbig und Natascha Wodin nach, die auch aufgrund ihrer gemeinsamen {\"o}stlichen Wurzeln zueinanderfanden. Der Vergleich der romana "Das provisorium" und "Nachtgeschwister" thematisiert beider Beziehungen. Dies wird im Beitrag referiert und mit der besonderen Perspektive der Wechselseitigkeit reflektiert.}, language = {de} } @article{SteyrleuthnerSchubertHowardetal.2012, author = {Steyrleuthner, Robert and Schubert, Marcel and Howard, Ian and Klaum{\"u}nzer, Bastian and Schilling, Kristian and Chen, Zhihua and Saalfrank, Peter and Laquai, Frederic and Facchetti, Antonio and Neher, Dieter}, title = {Aggregation in a high-mobility n-type low-bandgap copolymer with implications on semicrystalline morphology}, series = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {134}, journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society}, number = {44}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0002-7863}, doi = {10.1021/ja306844f}, pages = {18303 -- 18317}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We explore the photophysics of P(NDI2OD-T2), a high-mobility and air-stable n-type donor/acceptor polymer. Detailed steady-state UV-vis and photoluminescence (PL) measurements on solutions of P(NDI2OD-T2) reveal distinct signatures of aggregation. By performing quantum chemical calculations, we can assign these spectral features to unaggregated and stacked polymer chains. NMR measurements independently confirm the aggregation phenomena of P(NDI2OD-T2) in solution. The detailed analysis of the optical spectra shows that aggregation is a two-step process with different types of aggregates, which we confirm by time-dependent PL measurements. Analytical ultracentrifugation measurements suggest that aggregation takes place within the single polymer chain upon coiling. By transferring these results to thin P(NDI2OD-T2) films, we can conclude that film formation is mainly governed by the chain collapse, leading in general to a high aggregate content of similar to 45\%. This process also inhibits the formation of amorphous and disordered P(NDI2OD-T2) films.}, language = {en} } @article{SternagelLevittMersch2012, author = {Sternagel, J{\"o}rg and Levitt, Deborah and Mersch, Dieter}, title = {Etymological uncoveries, creative displays : acting as force and performance as eloquence in moving image culture}, isbn = {978-3-8376-1648-4}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{Sternagel2012, author = {Sternagel, J{\"o}rg}, title = {An emphasis in Being : moving towards a responsive phenomenology of film('s) performance}, isbn = {978-3-8376-1648-4}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{SteinertHirschfeld2012, author = {Steinert, Bastian and Hirschfeld, Robert}, title = {Applying design knowledge to programming}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{Stehl2012, author = {Stehl, Thomas}, title = {Sprachdynamik und Variationslinguistik in Italien}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Stehl2012, author = {Stehl, Thomas}, title = {Regionale Sprachgemeinschaften und Sprachdynamik : zwischen Kodifizierung und Schreibtradition}, isbn = {978-3-89975-287-8}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{Stehl2012, author = {Stehl, Thomas}, title = {Le fran{\c{c}}ais parl{\´e}, les fran{\c{c}}ais parl{\´e}s et les cons{\´e}quences didactiques}, isbn = {978-3-631-63669-5}, year = {2012}, language = {fr} } @article{StedePeldszus2012, author = {Stede, Manfred and Peldszus, Andreas}, title = {The role of illocutionary status in the usage conditions of causal connectives and in coherence relations}, series = {Journal of pragmatics : an interdisciplinary journal of language studies}, volume = {44}, journal = {Journal of pragmatics : an interdisciplinary journal of language studies}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0378-2166}, doi = {10.1016/j.pragma.2012.01.004}, pages = {214 -- 229}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The meaning of linguistic connectives has often been characterized in terms of their position in a bipartite (semantic, pragmatic) or a tripartite (content, epistemic, speech act) structure of domains, depending on what kinds of entities are being connected (largely: propositions or speech acts). This paper argues that a more fine-grained analysis can be achieved by directing some more attention to the characterization of the entities being related. We propose an inventory of categories of illocutionary status for labelling the spans that are being connected. On this basis, the distinction between the content and the epistemic domain, in particular, can be made more explicit. Focusing on the group of causal connectives in German, we conducted a corpus annotation study from which we derived distinct pragmatic 'usage profiles' of the most frequent causal connectives. Finally, we offer some suggestions on the role of illocutions in relation-based accounts of discourse structure.}, language = {en} } @article{StedeHuang2012, author = {Stede, Manfred and Huang, Chu-Ren}, title = {Inter-operability and reusability the science of annotation}, series = {Language resources and evaluation}, volume = {46}, journal = {Language resources and evaluation}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1574-020X}, doi = {10.1007/s10579-011-9164-x}, pages = {91 -- 94}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Annotating linguistic data has become a major field of interest, both for supplying the necessary data for machine learning approaches to NLP applications, and as a research issue in its own right. This comprises issues of technical formats, tools, and methodologies of annotation. We provide a brief overview of these notions and then introduce the papers assembled in this special issue.}, language = {en} } @article{StechMerkSchenketal.2012, author = {Stech, Marlitt and Merk, Helmut and Schenk, J{\"o}rg A. and St{\"o}cklein, Walter F. M. and W{\"u}stenhagen, Doreen Anja and Micheel, Burkhard and Duschl, Claus and Bier, Frank Fabian and Kubick, Stefan}, title = {Production of functional antibody fragments in a vesicle-based eukaryotic cell-free translation system}, series = {Journal of biotechnology}, volume = {164}, journal = {Journal of biotechnology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0168-1656}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.08.020}, pages = {220 -- 231}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Cell-free protein synthesis is of increasing interest for the rapid and high-throughput synthesis of many proteins, in particular also antibody fragments. In this study, we present a novel strategy for the production of single chain antibody fragments (scFv) in a eukaryotic in vitro translation system. This strategy comprises the cell-free expression, isolation and label-free interaction analysis of a model antibody fragment synthesized in two differently prepared insect cell lysates. These lysates contain translocationally active microsomal structures derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), allowing for posttranslational modifications of cell-free synthesized proteins. Both types of these insect cell lysates enable the synthesis and translocation of scFv into ER-derived vesicles. However, only the one that has a specifically adapted redox potential yields functional active antibody fragments. We have developed a new methodology for the isolation of functional target proteins based on the translocation of cell-free produced scFv into microsomal structures and subsequent collection of protein-enriched vesicles. Antibody fragments that have been released from these vesicles are shown to be well suited for label-free binding studies. Altogether, these results show the potential of insect cell lysates for the production, purification and selection of antibody fragments in an easy-to-handle and time-saving manner.}, language = {en} } @article{StankiewiczWeberMohsenetal.2012, author = {Stankiewicz, Jacek and Weber, Michael H. and Mohsen, Ayman and Hofstetter, Rami}, title = {Dead Sea Basin imaged by ambient seismic noise tomography}, series = {Pure and applied geophysics}, volume = {169}, journal = {Pure and applied geophysics}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0033-4553}, doi = {10.1007/s00024-011-0350-y}, pages = {615 -- 623}, year = {2012}, abstract = {In the framework of the Dead Sea Integrated Research project (DESIRE), 59 seismological stations were deployed in the region of the Dead Sea Basin. Twenty of these stations recorded data of sufficiently high quality between May and September 2007 to be used for ambient seismic noise analysis. Empirical Green's functions are extracted from cross-correlations of long term recordings. These functions are dominated by Rayleigh waves, whose group velocities can be measured in the frequency range from 0.1 to 0.5 Hz. Analysis of positive and negative correlation lags of the Green's functions makes it possible to identify the direction of the source of the incoming energy. Signals with frequencies higher than 0.2 Hz originate from the Mediterranean Sea, while low frequencies arrive from the direction of the Red Sea. Travel times of the extracted Rayleigh waves were measured between station pairs for different frequencies, and tomographically inverted to provide independent velocity models. Four such 2D models were computed for a set of frequencies, all corresponding to different sampling depths, and thus together giving an indication of the velocity variations in 3D extending to a depth of 10 km. The results show low velocities in the Dead Sea Basin, consistent with previous studies suggesting up to 8 km of recent sedimentary infill in the Basin. The complex structure of the western margin of the Basin is also observed, with sedimentary infill present to depths not exceeding 5 km west of the southern part of the Dead Sea. The high velocities associated with the Lisan salt diapir are also observed down to a depth of similar to 5 km. The reliability of the results is confirmed by checkerboard recovery tests.}, language = {en} } @article{Standke2012, author = {Standke, Matthias}, title = {Narrativit{\"a}t und Authentizit{\"a}t}, series = {Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit}, volume = {15}, journal = {Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1861-910X}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-58402}, pages = {435 -- 455}, year = {2012}, abstract = {- Einleitung 1. Historische Authentizit{\"a}t 2. Narrativit{\"a}t im Film 3. Abschließende Bemerkungen}, language = {de} } @article{StadlerSpringerParkinsonetal.2012, author = {Stadler, Waltraud and Springer, Anne and Parkinson, Jim and Prinz, Wolfgang}, title = {Movement kinematics affect action prediction comparing human to non-human point-light actions}, series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, volume = {76}, journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0340-0727}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-012-0431-2}, pages = {395 -- 406}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The influence of movement kinematics on the accuracy of predicting the time course of another individual's actions was studied. A human point-light shape was animated with human movement (natural condition) and with artificial movement that was more uniform regarding velocity profiles and trajectories (artificial condition). During brief occlusions, the participants predicted the actions in order to judge after occlusion whether the actions were continued coherently in time or shifted to an earlier or later frame. Error rates and reaction times were increased in the artificial compared to the natural condition. The findings suggest a perceptual advantage for movement with a human velocity profile, corresponding to the notion of a close interaction between observed and executed movement. The results are discussed in the framework of the simulation account and alternative interpretations are provided on the basis of correlations between the velocity profiles of natural and artificial movements with prediction performance.}, language = {en} } @article{StadlerOttSpringeretal.2012, author = {Stadler, Waltraud and Ott, Derek V. M. and Springer, Anne and Schubotz, Ricarda I. and Sch{\"u}tz-Bosbach, Simone and Prinz, Wolfgang}, title = {Repetitive TMS suggests a role of the human dorsal premotor cortex in action prediction}, series = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc}, number = {2}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1662-5161}, doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2012.00020}, pages = {11}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Predicting the actions of other individuals is crucial for our daily interactions. Recent evidence suggests that the prediction of object-directed arm and full-body actions employs the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd). Thus, the neural substrate involved in action control may also be essential for action prediction. Here, we aimed to address this issue and hypothesized that disrupting the PMd impairs action prediction. Using fMRI-guided coil navigation, rTMS (five pulses, 10Hz) was applied over the left PMd and over the vertex (control region) while participants observed everyday actions in video clips that were transiently occluded for 1s. The participants detected manipulations in the time course of occluded actions, which required them to internally predict the actions during occlusion. To differentiate between functional roles that the PMd could play in prediction, rTMS was either delivered at occluder-onset (TMS-early), affecting the initiation of action prediction, or 300 ms later during occlusion(TMS-late), affecting the maintenance of anongoing prediction. TMS-early over the left PMd produced more prediction errors than TMS-early over the vertex. TMS-late had no effect on prediction performance, suggesting that the left PMd might be involved particularly during the initiation of internally guided action prediction but may play a subordinate role in maintaining ongoing prediction. These findings open a new perspective on the role of the left PMd in action prediction which is in line with its functions in action control and in cognitive tasks. In the discussion, there levance of the left PMd for integrating external action parameters with the observer's motor repertoire is emphasized. Overall, the results are in line with the notion that premotor functions are employed in both action control and action observation.}, language = {en} } @article{Stadler2012, author = {Stadler, Heike}, title = {Sich der Diskussion stellen}, series = {BuB : Forum f{\"u}r Bibliothek und Information 64 (2012) 4}, volume = {64}, journal = {BuB : Forum f{\"u}r Bibliothek und Information 64 (2012) 4}, number = {4}, publisher = {Bock + Herchen}, address = {Bad Honnef}, pages = {248}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Die Zukunftswerkstatt wollte wissen, ob Konzepte wie Liquid Democracy (http://liqd.net/) und Plattformen wie Adhocracy (http://code.adhocracy.de/) oder AVAAZ (www.avaaz.org/ de/) konkret f{\"u}r das Bibliothekswesen eingesetzt werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Beteiligung an der Internet-Enquete Kommission des Bundestages (https://enquetebeteiligung. de/) zeigte, dass die Nutzung im Sinne von gemeinschaftlicher Politikberatung m{\"o}glich ist. Die »Stop SOPA/PIPA«- und die »Anti-ACTA«-Mobilisierungen belegen, dass Politik immer mehr auf die B{\"u}rger eingehen muss - und Social Media mitnichten tot sind. Heike Stadler besch{\"a}ftigt sich intensiv mit dem Thema »B{\"u}rgerbeteiligungen f{\"u}r Bibliotheken« (siehe unter anderem BuB Heft 6/2011, Seite 450). Hier ihr Beitrag f{\"u}r die Zukunftswerkstatt}, language = {de} } @article{StadieSchroeder2012, author = {Stadie, Nicole and Schr{\"o}der, Astrid}, title = {Forschungsbasiertes Vorgehen im klinischen Alltag : Werkzeuge f{\"u}r die Planung, Durchf{\"u}hrung und Evaluation von Sprachtherapie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62529}, year = {2012}, abstract = {1 Einleitung 2 Hintergrund 3 Ziel 4 Methode: Protokollb{\"o}gen 5 Ausblick 6 Literatur}, language = {de} } @article{SrinivasanSenthilkumarMohamedetal.2012, author = {Srinivasan, K. and Senthilkumar, D. V. and Mohamed, I. Raja and Murali, K. and Lakshmanan, M. and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Anticipating, complete and lag synchronizations in RC phase-shift network based coupled Chua's circuits without delay}, series = {Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science}, volume = {22}, journal = {Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {1054-1500}, doi = {10.1063/1.4711375}, pages = {8}, year = {2012}, abstract = {We construct a new RC phase shift network based Chua's circuit, which exhibits a period-doubling bifurcation route to chaos. Using coupled versions of such a phase-shift network based Chua's oscillators, we describe a new method for achieving complete synchronization (CS), approximate lag synchronization (LS), and approximate anticipating synchronization (AS) without delay or parameter mismatch. Employing the Pecora and Carroll approach, chaos synchronization is achieved in coupled chaotic oscillators, where the drive system variables control the response system. As a result, AS or LS or CS is demonstrated without using a variable delay line both experimentally and numerically.}, language = {en} } @article{SramaKruegerYamaguchietal.2012, author = {Srama, Ralf and Krueger, H. and Yamaguchi, T. and Stephan, T. and Burchell, M. and Kearsley, A. T. and Sterken, V. and Postberg, F. and Kempf, S. and Gr{\"u}n, Eberhard and Altobelli, Nicolas and Ehrenfreund, P. and Dikarev, V. and Horanyi, M. and Sternovsky, Zoltan and Carpenter, J. D. and Westphal, A. and Gainsforth, Z. and Krabbe, A. and Agarwal, Jessica and Yano, H. and Blum, J. and Henkel, H. and Hillier, J. and Hoppe, P. and Trieloff, M. and Hsu, S. and Mocker, A. and Fiege, K. and Green, S. F. and Bischoff, A. and Esposito, F. and Laufer, R. and Hyde, T. W. and Herdrich, G. and Fasoulas, S. and Jaeckel, A. and Jones, G. and Jenniskens, P. and Khalisi, E. and Moragas-Klostermeyer, Georg and Spahn, Frank and Keller, H. U. and Frisch, P. and Levasseur-Regourd, A. C. and Pailer, N. and Altwegg, K. and Engrand, C. and Auer, S. and Silen, J. and Sasaki, S. and Kobayashi, M. and Schmidt, J. and Kissel, J. and Marty, B. and Michel, P. and Palumbo, P. and Vaisberg, O. and Baggaley, J. and Rotundi, A. and Roeser, H. P.}, title = {SARIM PLUS-sample return of comet 67P/CG and of interstellar matter}, series = {EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY}, volume = {33}, journal = {EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY}, number = {2-3}, publisher = {SPRINGER}, address = {DORDRECHT}, issn = {0922-6435}, doi = {10.1007/s10686-011-9285-7}, pages = {723 -- 751}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The Stardust mission returned cometary, interplanetary and (probably) interstellar dust in 2006 to Earth that have been analysed in Earth laboratories worldwide. Results of this mission have changed our view and knowledge on the early solar nebula. The Rosetta mission is on its way to land on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and will investigate for the first time in great detail the comet nucleus and its environment starting in 2014. Additional astronomy and planetary space missions will further contribute to our understanding of dust generation, evolution and destruction in interstellar and interplanetary space and provide constraints on solar system formation and processes that led to the origin of life on Earth. One of these missions, SARIM-PLUS, will provide a unique perspective by measuring interplanetary and interstellar dust with high accuracy and sensitivity in our inner solar system between 1 and 2 AU. SARIM-PLUS employs latest in-situ techniques for a full characterisation of individual micrometeoroids (flux, mass, charge, trajectory, composition()) and collects and returns these samples to Earth for a detailed analysis. The opportunity to visit again the target comet of the Rosetta mission 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimeenternko, and to investigate its dusty environment six years after Rosetta with complementary methods is unique and strongly enhances and supports the scientific exploration of this target and the entire Rosetta mission. Launch opportunities are in 2020 with a backup window starting early 2026. The comet encounter occurs in September 2021 and the reentry takes place in early 2024. An encounter speed of 6 km/s ensures comparable results to the Stardust mission.}, language = {en} } @article{Spārītis2012, author = {Spārītis, Ojārs}, title = {Die kartographische Darstellung der Belagerung Rigas von Georg Schwengeln (1621) als kulturhistorisches Zeugnis}, series = {Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit}, volume = {16}, journal = {Milit{\"a}r und Gesellschaft in der fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-9722}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62191}, pages = {69 -- 92}, year = {2012}, language = {de} } @article{SprussHenkelKanurietal.2012, author = {Spruss, Astrid and Henkel, Janin and Kanuri, Giridhar and Blank, Daniela and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul and Bischoff, Stephan C. and Bergheim, Ina}, title = {Female mice are more susceptible to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease sex-specific regulation of the hepatic AMP-Activated protein Kinase-Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 cascade, but not the hepatic endotoxin response}, series = {Molecular medicine}, volume = {18}, journal = {Molecular medicine}, number = {9}, publisher = {Feinstein Inst. for Medical Research}, address = {Manhasset}, issn = {1076-1551}, doi = {10.2119/molmed.2012.00223}, pages = {1346 -- 1355}, year = {2012}, abstract = {As significant differences between sexes were found in the susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease in human and animal models, it was the aim of the present study to investigate whether female mice also are more susceptible to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed either water or 30\% fructose solution ad libitum for 16 wks. Liver damage was evaluated by histological scoring. Portal endotoxin levels and markers of Kupffer cell activation and insulin resistance, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) were measured in the liver. Adiponectin mRNA expression was determined in adipose tissue. Hepatic steatosis was almost similar between male and female mice; however, inflammation was markedly more pronounced in livers of female mice. Portal endotoxin levels, hepatic levels of myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) (MyD88) protein and of 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts were elevated in animals with NAFLD regardless of sex. Expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 was decreased to a similar extent in livers of male and female mice with NAFLD. The less pronounced susceptibility to liver damage in male mice was associated with a superinduction of hepatic pAMPK in these mice whereas, in livers of female mice with NAFLD, PAI-1 was markedly induced. Expression of adiponectin in visceral fat was significantly lower in female mice with NAFLD but unchanged in male mice compared with respective controls. In conclusion, our data suggest that the sex-specific differences in the susceptibility to NAFLD are associated with differences in the regulation of the adiponectin-AMPK-PAI-1 signaling cascade. Online address: http://www.molmed.Org doi: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00223}, language = {en} } @article{SpringerHuttenlocherPrinz2012, author = {Springer, Anne and Huttenlocher, Agnes and Prinz, Wolfgang}, title = {Language-induced modulation during the prediction of others' actions}, series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, volume = {76}, journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0340-0727}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-012-0411-6}, pages = {456 -- 466}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Processing of action words has been shown to influence the perception of the actions the words refer to. Specifically, the accuracy with which people predict the future course of actions observed in another individual seems to be affected by verbal primes. Two processes may be involved in action prediction; dynamic simulation (updating) and static matching. The present study examined this issue by testing the impact of action verb processing on action prediction performance using a masked priming paradigm. Evidence of dynamic updating was revealed after prime verbs expressing dynamic actions (e.g., 'to catch') but not those expressing static actions (e.g., 'to lean'). In contrast to previous work, the primes were masked and did not require any response at all. Hence, our results indicate that implicit action-related linguistic processing may trigger action simulation that in turn might affect action prediction (see also Liepelt, Dolk, \& Prinz, Psychological Research, 2012, in this issue).}, language = {en} } @article{SpringerBeyerDerrfussetal.2012, author = {Springer, Anne and Beyer, Juliane and Derrfuss, Jan and Volz, Kirsten G. and Hannover, Bettina}, title = {SEEING YOU OR THE SCENE? SELF-CONSTRUALS MODULATE INHIBITORY MECHANISMS OF ATTENTION}, series = {Social cognition : the journal of the International Social Cognition Network}, volume = {30}, journal = {Social cognition : the journal of the International Social Cognition Network}, number = {2}, publisher = {Guilford Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0278-016X}, pages = {133 -- 152}, year = {2012}, abstract = {It has often been shown that independent self-construals (emphasizing personal uniqueness) coincide with an analytic, context-independent style of information processing whereas interdependent self-construals (emphasizing relatedness with others) promote holistic, context-dependent processing. The present study suggests that these cognitive variations between different self-construals can be accounted for by higher order cognitive functions for the control of ongoing mental operations (i.e., executive functions). Using an experimental paradigm, we showed naturalistic pictures displaying a face and a place superimposed on each other. On each trial, one of these dimensions served as a target (depicted in magenta), while the other served as a distractor (depicted in gray). The results showed that independency primed participants were less affected by distractors appearing in the presence of a target (i.e., smaller interference effect) than interdependency primed participants. Importantly, the independency primed participants revealed evidence of mental inhibition of distractors, showing longer reaction times when previously ignored distractors subsequently became targets (i.e., a negatively signed priming effect). Thus, our study is the first to suggest that differences in fundamental processes of cognitive control, namely, the inhibition of automatically triggered (but inappropriate) response tendencies, are the driving force behind the many previously reported differences between individuals primed for independency versus interdependency.}, language = {en} } @article{SpijkermanWackerWeithoffetal.2012, author = {Spijkerman, Elly and Wacker, Alexander and Weithoff, Guntram and Leya, Thomas}, title = {Elemental and fatty acid composition of snow algae in Arctic habitats}, series = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-302X}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2012.00380}, pages = {15}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Red, orange or green snow is the macroscopic phenomenon comprising different eukaryotic algae. Little is known about the ecology and nutrient regimes in these algal communities. Therefore, eight snow algal communities from five intensively tinted snow fields in western Spitsbergen were analysed for nutrient concentrations and fatty acid (FA) composition. To evaluate the importance of a shift from green to red forms on the FA-variability of the field samples, four snow algal strains were grown under nitrogen replete and moderate light (+N+ML) or N-limited and high light (-N+HL) conditions. All eight field algal communities were dominated by red and orange cysts. Dissolved nutrient concentration of the snow revealed a broad range of NH4+ (<0.005-1.2 mg NI-1) and only low PO43- (< 18 mu g P I-1) levels. The external nutrient concentration did not reflect cellular nutrient ratios as C:N and C:P ratios of the communities were highest at locations containing relatively high concentrations of NH4- and PO43-. Molar N:P ratios ranged from 11 to 21 and did not suggest clear limitation of a single nutrient. On a per carbon basis, we found a 6-fold difference in total FA content between the eight snow algal communities, ranging from 50 to 300 mg FA g C-1. In multivariate analyses total FA content opposed the cellular N:C quota and a large part of the FA variability among field locations originated from the abundant FAs C181n-9, C18 2n-6, and C183n-3. Both field samples and snow algal strains grown under -N+HL conditions had high concentrations of C181n-9. FAs possibly accumulated due to the cessation of growth. Differences in color and nutritional composition between patches of snow algal communities within one snow field were not directly related to nutrient conditions. We propose that the highly patchy distribution of snow algae within and between snow fields may also result from differences in topographical and geological parameters such as slope, melting water rivulets, and rock formation.}, language = {en} } @article{SperfeldWacker2012, author = {Sperfeld, Erik and Wacker, Alexander}, title = {Temperature affects the limitation of Daphnia magna by eicosapentaenoic acid, and the fatty acid composition of body tissue and eggs}, series = {Freshwater biology}, volume = {57}, journal = {Freshwater biology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0046-5070}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02719.x}, pages = {497 -- 508}, year = {2012}, abstract = {1. Poikilothermic animals incorporate more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into their cellular membranes as temperature declines, suggesting an increased sensitivity to PUFA limitation in cool conditions. To test this we raised Daphnia magna at different temperatures and investigated the effect of varying dietary PUFA on life history parameters (i.e. growth, reproduction) and the PUFA composition of body tissue and eggs. 2. Upon a PUFA-rich diet (Cryptomonas sp.) females showed higher concentrations of several omega 3 PUFAs in their body tissue at 15 degrees C than at 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C, indicating a greater structural requirement for omega 3 PUFAs at low temperature. Their eggs had an equal but higher concentration of omega 3 PUFAs than their body tissue. 3. In a life history experiment at 15 and 20 degrees C we supplemented a diet of a PUFA-free cyanobacterium with the omega 3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The growth of D. magna was more strongly EPA limited at low temperature. A greater requirement for structural EPA at 15 degrees C was indicated by a steeper increase in somatic EPA content with dietary EPA compared to 20 degrees C. 4. At 20 degrees C the development of eggs to successful hatching was high when EPA was supplied to the mothers. At 15 degrees C the hatching success was generally poor, despite of a higher maternal provision of EPA to eggs, compared to that at 20 degrees C, suggesting that EPA alone was insufficient for proper neonatal development at the low temperature. The growth of offspring from mothers raised at 20 degrees C without EPA supplementation was very low, indicating that the negative effects of EPA deficiency can be carried on to the next generation. 5. The fatty acid composition of Daphnia sp. in published field studies shows increasing proportions of saturated fatty acids with increasing environmental temperature, whereas omega 3 PUFAs and EPA show no clear pattern, suggesting that variations in dietary PUFA may mask temperature-dependent adjustments in omega 3 PUFA concentrations of cladocerans in nature.}, language = {en} } @article{SperfeldMartinCreuzburgWacker2012, author = {Sperfeld, Erik and Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik and Wacker, Alexander}, title = {Multiple resource limitation theory applied to herbivorous consumers Liebig's minimum rule vs. interactive co-limitation}, series = {Ecology letters}, volume = {15}, journal = {Ecology letters}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Malden}, issn = {1461-023X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01719.x}, pages = {142 -- 150}, year = {2012}, abstract = {There is growing consensus that the growth of herbivorous consumers is frequently limited by more than one nutrient simultaneously. This understanding, however, is based primarily on theoretical considerations and the applicability of existing concepts of co-limitation has rarely been tested experimentally. Here, we assessed the suitability of two contrasting concepts of resource limitation, i.e. Liebigs minimum rule and the multiple limitation hypothesis, to describe nutrient-dependent growth responses of a freshwater herbivore (Daphnia magna) in a system with two potentially limiting nutrients (cholesterol and eicosapentaenoic acid). The results indicated that these essential nutrients interact, and do not strictly follow Liebigs minimum rule, which consistently overestimates growth at co-limiting conditions and thus is not applicable to describe multiple nutrient limitation of herbivorous consumers. We infer that the outcome of resource-based modelling approaches assessing herbivore population dynamics strongly depends on the applied concept of co-limitation.}, language = {en} } @article{SpenglerObataHirajimaetal.2012, author = {Spengler, D. and Obata, M. and Hirajima, T. and Ottolini, L. and Ohfuji, H. and Tamura, A. and Arai, S.}, title = {Exsolution of garnet and clinopyroxene from High-Al Pyroxenes in Xugou Peridotite, Eastern China}, series = {Journal of petrology}, volume = {53}, journal = {Journal of petrology}, number = {7}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3530}, doi = {10.1093/petrology/egs023}, pages = {1477 -- 1504}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Serpentinized massif peridotite in the Xugou, Su-Lu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, eastern China, preserves texturally old (porphyroclastic) ortho- and clinopyroxene with up to two generations of lamellae of garnet, clinopyroxene and Mg-chromite. Their crystallographic orientation with respect to the host pyroxene is consistent with an origin by solid-state exsolution. Comparison of integrated mineral chemistry with simplified and natural chemical datasets suggests that both aluminous precursor pyroxenes were in equilibrium at a minimum pressure of similar to 4 GPa and within a temperature range of about 1300-1500 degrees C. Steep isopleths of Ca in orthopyroxene imply that exsolution occurred during cooling. Al diffusion modelling suggests growth of widely spaced lamellae in orthopyroxene down to about 900 degrees C. Integrated Al contents between wide lamellae record a minimum of 4 GPa pressure during cooling. Compositionally uniform exsolved minerals were formed at 4 center dot 3 +/- 0 center dot 3 GPa and 730 +/- 30 degrees C and reflect a cratonic geotherm with about 33 mW m(-2) surface heat flow. The peridotite matrix mineral assemblage of olivine + orthopyroxene +/- garnet +/- Mg-chromite +/- clinopyroxene +/- phlogopite records strain-induced recrystallization that partially to completely replaced precursor porphyroclasts. The recrystallized minerals lack lamellar exsolution. Recrystallized orthopyroxene, with Al2O3 at 0 center dot 13 wt \%, indicates conditions of 5 center dot 5 +/- 0 center dot 3 GPa and 760 +/- 30 degrees C, which are higher-grade metamorphic conditions than those preserved in the chemically equilibrated exsolution microstructures. Both estimates overlap with the range reported for the Early Mesozoic UHP metamorphism in the region (4 center dot 0-6 center dot 7 GPa and 760-970 degrees C). Major element melt models applied to previously published Xugou peridotite data suggest high degrees of melt extraction (30-35 \%) in the garnet peridotite stability field (3-4 center dot 5 GPa) until garnet and clinopyroxene exhaustion. Coincidence in pressure and in the order of temperature of equilibration of precursor pyroxenes and peridotite melting implies that peridotite formation occurred at similar to 135 km depth in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) beneath the Archaean North China Craton. Subsequent refertilization, mineral exsolution and chemical re-equilibration during long-term cooling in the SCLM occurred prior to deformation and incorporation of the mantle fragment into the continental crust during UHP metamorphism at a minimum depth of 170 km. Because the Xugou precursor pyroxenes and peridotite formed at depths greater than the regional SCLM (c. 90 km), we infer that the orogenic peridotite massif formed part of the former hanging wall of the Archaean SCLM, which delaminated after the Late Mesozoic.}, language = {en} } @article{SpeckHeckyTametal.2012, author = {Speck, Janina and Hecky, Jochen and Tam, Heng-Keat and Arndt, Katja Maren and Einsle, Oliver and M{\"u}ller, Kristian M.}, title = {Exploring the molecular linkage of protein stability traits for enzyme optimization by iterative truncation and evolution}, series = {Biochemistry}, volume = {51}, journal = {Biochemistry}, number = {24}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0006-2960}, doi = {10.1021/bi2018738}, pages = {4850 -- 4867}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The stability of proteins is paramount for their therapeutic and industrial use and, thus, is a major task for protein engineering. Several types of chemical and physical stabilities are desired, and discussion revolves around whether each stability trait needs to be addressed separately and how specific and compatible stabilizing mutations act. We demonstrate a stepwise perturbation-compensation strategy, which identifies mutations rescuing the activity of a truncated TEM beta-lactamase. Analyses relating structural stress with the external stresses of heat, denaturants, and proteases reveal our second-site suppressors as general stability centers that also improve the full-length enzyme. A library of lactamase variants truncated by 15 N-terminal and three C-terminal residues (Bla-N Delta 15C Delta 3) was subjected to activity selection and DNA shuffling. The resulting clone with the best in vivo performance harbored eight mutations, surpassed the full-length wild-type protein by 5.3 degrees C in T-m, displayed significantly higher catalytic activity at elevated temperatures, and showed delayed guanidine-induced denaturation. The crystal structure of this mutant was determined and provided insights into its stability determinants. Stepwise reconstitution of the N- and C-termini increased its thermal, denaturant, and proteolytic resistance successively, leading to a full-length enzyme with a T-m increased by 15.3 degrees C and a half-denaturation concentration shifted from 0.53 to 1.75 M guanidinium relative to that of the wild type. These improvements demonstrate that iterative truncation-optimization cycles can exploit stability-trait linkages in proteins and are exceptionally suited for the creation of progressively stabilized variants and/or downsized proteins without the need for detailed structural or mechanistic information.}, language = {en} } @article{SparenbergTopolinskiSpringeretal.2012, author = {Sparenberg, Peggy and Topolinski, Sascha and Springer, Anne and Prinz, Wolfgang}, title = {Minimal mimicry: Mere effector matching induces preference}, series = {Brain and cognition : a journal of experimental and clinical research}, volume = {80}, journal = {Brain and cognition : a journal of experimental and clinical research}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0278-2626}, doi = {10.1016/j.bandc.2012.08.004}, pages = {291 -- 300}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Both mimicking and being mimicked induces preference for a target. The present experiments investigate the minimal sufficient conditions for this mimicry-preference link to occur. We argue that mere effector matching between one's own and the other person's movement is sufficient to induce preference, independent of which movement is actually performed. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants moved either their arms or legs, and watched avatars that moved either their arms or legs, respectively, without any instructions to mimic. The executed movements themselves and their pace were completely different between participants (fast circular movements) and targets (slow linear movements). Participants preferred avatars that moved the same body part as they did over avatars that moved a different body part. In Experiment 3, using human targets and differently paced movements, movement similarity was manipulated in addition to effector overlap (moving forward-backward or sideways with arms or legs, respectively). Only effector matching, but not movement matching, influenced preference ratings. These findings suggest that mere effector overlap is sufficient to trigger preference by mimicry. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{SoyezReinhold2012, author = {Soyez, Konrad and Reinhold, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Biowaste treatment - recycling potential for humus reproduction}, series = {Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik}, volume = {84}, journal = {Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0009-286X}, doi = {10.1002/cite.201100247}, pages = {991 -- 998}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The majority of the annually accumulated 9 million t of organics in municipal solid waste is recycled. Amongst the technological options composting is most important. 15\% are treated by digestion and result in both biogas as a renewable energy source and organic residues. Compost contains considerable amounts of minerals and organic carbon which can substitute fertilizers including organic compounds. Application of compost for the reproduction of humus in soils is its most important effect. Scientifically, the applicability of the humus balancing method developed by VDLUFA is proven. It balances input and output of organic carbon during cultivation and harvest. Optimum level of humus which is a specific fixed value for each type of soils is therefore realized. An energy humus index is proposed, which may indicate preferred usage of organics as fertilizer or renewable energy source.}, language = {de} }