@article{SchwarzenthalJuangSchachneretal.2017,
  author    = {Schwarzenthal, Miriam Jelena and Juang, Linda P. and Schachner, Maja Katharina and van de Vijver, Fons J. R. and Handrick, Anna},
  title     = {From tolerance to understanding},
  series = {Journal of community \& applied social psychology},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Journal of community \& applied social psychology},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1052-9284},
  doi       = {10.1002/casp.2317},
  pages     = {388 -- 399},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {We investigated intercultural competence among immigrant and non-immigrant background adolescents in multiethnic schools in relation to intercultural contact, age, and ethnic identity exploration. The sample included 631 adolescents in Germany (49.4\% of immigrant background, 48.2\% female), aged 11 to 18 years (Mage = 13.69 years, SDage = 1.83). Intercultural competence was measured using a self-report questionnaire and situational judgment tests capturing the adolescents' interpretation of and reaction to intercultural conflicts. Intercultural contacts and ethnic identity exploration were measured using self-report questionnaires. Results showed that among immigrant and non-immigrant background adolescents, intercultural contact and ethnic identity exploration were positively related to different aspects of intercultural competence. As predicted, self-reported intercultural competence was unrelated to age in both groups, whereas this competence, as measured by the situational judgment tests, increased with age. Thus, learning about others (e.g., by engaging in intercultural contact) and learning about yourself (e.g., by exploring your own ethnic background) are both important for developing pivotal intercultural skills.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchieferKrahe2014,
  author    = {Schiefer, David and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Ethnic identity and orientation to white American culture are linked to well-being among american indians-but in different ways},
  series = {Social psychology},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Social psychology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1864-9335},
  doi       = {10.1027/1864-9335/a000155},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {This study examined the relationship between ethnic identity, orientation toward the White mainstream culture, and psychological well-being among American Indians. In the light of the unique history of American Indians, we investigated the relationship between identification with the American Indian ingroup, orientation toward the dominant White American culture ( in terms of showing behavior typical for White mainstream culture as well as positive attitudes and feelings of belonging to White American culture), and self-efficacy and learned helplessness as indicators of psychological well-being. Structural equation analyses with an adolescent and an adult sample revealed a positive relationship between ethnic identity and self-efficacy but no link with learned helplessness. The tendency to show behavior typical for White mainstream culture was associated with higher self-efficacy in both samples and with lower helplessness in the adult subsample. White American orientation in the form of positive attitudes and sense of belonging were associated with higher helplessness in both samples and with lower self-efficacy among adults. The findings are discussed in terms of the role of both ethnic identity and the orientation toward the mainstream culture for well-being among American Indians, focusing on the distinct relations of White American behavior versus White American affiliation with well-being in American Indians.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NguyenWongJuangetal.2015,
  author    = {Nguyen, Chi P. and Wong, Y. Joel and Juang, Linda P. and Park, Irene J. K.},
  title     = {Pathways Among Asian Americans' Family Ethnic Socialization, Ethnic Identity, and Psychological Well-Being: A Multigroup Mediation Model},
  series = {Asian American journal of psychology},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Asian American journal of psychology},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1948-1985},
  doi       = {10.1037/aap0000026},
  pages     = {273 -- 280},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The present study examined the mediating role of ethnic identity in the relation between family ethnic socialization and psychological well-being among Asian American college students. In addition, it explored the moderating role of gender in the pathways among 3 variables. Participants were 970 Asian American college students who were part of the Multi-Site University Study of Identity and Culture (MUSIC). Results from a multigroup structural equation model indicated that family ethnic socialization was positively and significantly related to ethnic identity and psychological well-being, whereas ethnic identity was also positively and significantly related to psychological well-being. Furthermore, family ethnic socialization was related to psychological well-being through different pathways for Asian American women versus men. Ethnic identity significantly mediated the association between family ethnic socialization and psychological well-being for women, but not for men. In contrast, family ethnic socialization was more strongly related to psychological well-being for men than for women. The practical implications for mental health professionals working with Asian American families are also discussed, particularly with regard to the role of family ethnic socialization in Asian American families.},
  language  = {en}
}