@article{ZohselHolzHohmetal.2017, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Holz, Nathalie E. and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Fewer self-reported depressive symptoms in young adults exposed to maternal depressed mood during pregnancy}, series = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, volume = {209}, journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0165-0327}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.059}, pages = {155 -- 162}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Depressed mood is prevalent during pregnancy, with accumulating evidence suggesting an impact on developmental outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of prenatal maternal depression regarding internalizing psychopathology in the offspring are as yet unclear. Results: In n=85 young adults exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood, no significantly higher risk for a diagnosis of depressive disorder was observed. However, they reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms. This association was especially pronounced when prenatal maternal depressed mood was present during the first trimester of pregnancy and when maternal mood was depressed pre- as well as postnatally. At an uncorrected level only, prenatal maternal depressed mood was associated with decreased amygdala volume. Limitations: Prenatal maternal depressed mood was not assessed during pregnancy, but shortly after childbirth. No diagnoses of maternal clinical depression during pregnancy were available. Conclusions: Self-reported depressive symptoms do not imply increased, but rather decreased symptom levels in young adults who were exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood. A long-term perspective may be important when considering consequences of prenatal risk factors.}, language = {en} } @article{ZohselHohmSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Fr{\"u}hgeburtlichkeit auf kognitive Entwicklung und Schulerfolg}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000235}, pages = {221 -- 229}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen fr{\"u}her Responsivit{\"a}t der Mutter und kognitiver Entwicklung ihrer fr{\"u}h- bzw. reifgeborenen Kinder untersucht. Im Alter von drei Monaten wurde daf{\"u}r die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion mittels Verhaltensbeobachtung erfasst. Bei n=351 der teilnehmenden Kinder (101 fr{\"u}hgeboren) wurde die allgemeine Intelligenz (IQ) im Alter von 11 Jahren und bei n=313 (85 fr{\"u}hgeboren) zus{\"a}tzlich der h{\"o}chste erreichte Schulabschluss bis 25 Jahren erhoben. Fr{\"u}hgeborene wiesen mit 11 Jahren einen signifikant niedrigeren IQ als Reifgeborene auf, nachdem f{\"u}r m{\"o}gliche konfundierende Faktoren kontrolliert worden war. Nur bei Fr{\"u}h-, nicht aber bei Reifgeborenen zeigte sich ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen m{\"u}tterlicher Responsivit{\"a}t und IQ. F{\"u}r die Wahrscheinlichkeit einen h{\"o}heren Schulabschluss (mind. Fachabitur) zu erreichen, fand sich weder ein signifikanter Effekt von Fr{\"u}hgeburtlichkeit noch von m{\"u}tterlicher Responsivit{\"a}t.}, language = {de} } @article{ZohselHohmSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Long-Term Consequences of Early Psychosocial Risks}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, number = {4}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000233}, pages = {203 -- 209}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurden Auswirkungen fr{\"u}her psychosozialer Risiken bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter untersucht und dabei die Rolle von affektiver und behavioraler Dysregulation im Kindesalter als vermittelndem Faktor {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Drei Monate nach der Geburt wurde das Vorliegen von 11 psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren erfasst. Im Alter von 8 - 15 Jahren wurde dreimal das Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil (CBCL-DP) erhoben. Mit 25 Jahren wurde ein Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview durchgef{\"u}hrt und 309 der Teilnehmer f{\"u}llten den Young Adult Self-Report aus. Fr{\"u}he psychosoziale Risiken gingen mit einem erh{\"o}hten Risiko f{\"u}r das Vorliegen eines Substanzmissbrauchs im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie mit erh{\"o}htem externalisierendem und internalisierendem Problemverhalten einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen fr{\"u}hen psychosozialen Risiken und sp{\"a}terem externalisierendem bzw. internalisierendem Problemverhalten wurde durch das CBCL-DP vermittelt.}, language = {de} } @article{ZhuSchluppTiedemann2017, author = {Zhu, Fangjun and Schlupp, Ingo and Tiedemann, Ralph}, title = {Allele-specific expression at the androgen receptor alpha gene in a hybrid unisexual fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa)}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {12}, journal = {PLoS one}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0186411}, pages = {14}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The all-female Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is the result of a hybridization of the Atlantic molly (P. mexicana) and the sailfin molly (P. latipinna) approximately 120,000 years ago. As a gynogenetic species, P. formosa needs to copulate with heterospecific males including males from one of its bisexual ancestral species. However, the sperm only triggers embryo genesis of the diploid eggs. The genetic information of the sperm donor typically will not contribute to the next generation of P. formosa. Hence, P. formosa possesses generally one allele from each of its ancestral species at any genetic locus. This raises the question whether both ancestral alleles are equally expressed in P. formosa. Allele-specific expression (ASE) has been previously assessed in various organisms, e.g., human and fish, and ASE was found to be important in the context of phenotypic variability and disease. In this study, we utilized Real-Time PCR techniques to estimate ASE of the androgen receptor alpha (ara) gene in several distinct tissues of Amazon mollies. We found an allelic bias favoring the maternal ancestor (P. mexicana) allele in ovarian tissue. This allelic bias was not observed in the gill or the brain tissue. Sequencing of the promoter regions of both alleles revealed an association between an Indel in a known CpG island and differential expression. Future studies may reveal whether our observed cis-regulatory divergence is caused by an ovary-specific trans-regulatory element, preferentially activating the allele of the maternal ancestor.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouShuMilleretal.2017, author = {Zhou, Wei and Shu, Hua and Miller, Kevin and Yan, Ming}, title = {Reliance on orthography and phonology in reading of Chinese}, series = {Journal of research in reading : a journal of the United Kingdom Reading Association}, volume = {41}, journal = {Journal of research in reading : a journal of the United Kingdom Reading Association}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0141-0423}, doi = {10.1111/1467-9817.12111}, pages = {370 -- 391}, year = {2017}, abstract = {BackgroundDisruptions of reading processes due to text substitutions can measure how readers use lexical information. MethodsWith eye-movement recording, children and adults viewed sentences with either identical, orthographically similar, homophonic or unrelated substitutions of the first characters in target words. To the extent that readers rely on orthographic or phonological cues, substitutions that contain such cues should cause less disruption reading than do unrelated substitutions. ResultsOn pretarget words, there was a reliable reduction in gaze duration due to homophonic substitution only for children. On target words, we observed reliable recovery effects due to orthographic similarity for adults. On post-target words, adults had better orthographic-based and phonological-based recovery abilities than children. ConclusionsThe combination of eye movement recording and the error detection paradigm offers a novel implicit paradigm for studying reading development: during sentence reading, beginning readers of Chinese may rely on phonological mediation, while skilled readers have more direct access to semantics from orthography.}, language = {en} } @article{WyschkonSchulzGallitetal.2017, author = {Wyschkon, Anne and Schulz, Franziska and Gallit, Finja Sunnyi and Poltz, Nadine and Kohn-Henkel, Juliane and Moraske, Svenja and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {5-Jahres-Verlauf der LRS}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, volume = {46}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {Bern}, issn = {1422-4917}, doi = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000535}, pages = {107 -- 122}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Fragestellung: Untersucht wird der Verlauf von Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rungen (LRS) {\"u}ber gut 5 Jahre unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Einflusses des Geschlechts der Betroffenen. Außerdem werden Auswirkungen der LRS auf das sp{\"a}tere Schriftsprachniveau und den Schulerfolg {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Methodik: Eingangs wurden 995 Sch{\"u}ler zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 43 sowie 63 Monaten nachuntersucht worden. Eine LRS wurde diagnostiziert, wenn f{\"u}r das Lesen bzw. Rechtschreiben das doppelte Diskrepanzkriterium von 1.5 Standardabweichungen zur nonverbalen Intelligenz und dem Mittelwert der Klassenstufe erf{\"u}llt war und gleichzeitig keine Minderbegabung vorlag. Ergebnisse: Die LRS weist {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 63 Monaten eine hohe St{\"o}rungspersistenz von knapp 70 \% auf. Der 5-Jahres-Verlauf der mittleren Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen wurde nicht vom Geschlecht beeinflusst. Trotz durchschnittlicher Intelligenz blieben die LRS-Sch{\"u}ler in der Schriftsprache mindestens eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und etwa 0.5 Standardabweichungseinheiten hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kindern zur{\"u}ck. Der Schulerfolg der LRS-Sch{\"u}ler glich dem unterdurchschnittlich intelligenter Kinder und fiel deutlich schlechter aus als bei durchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine LRS stellt ein erhebliches Entwicklungsrisiko dar, was fr{\"u}hzeitige Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen erfordert. Daf{\"u}r sind reliable und im Hinblick auf die resultierenden Pr{\"a}valenzraten sinnvolle, allgemein anerkannte Diagnosekriterien essenziell.}, language = {de} } @article{WolfGillesPeusetal.2017, author = {Wolf, Isabell Ann-Cathrin and Gilles, Maria and Peus, Verena and Scharnholz, Barbara and Seibert, Julia and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Krumm, Bertram and Deuschle, Michael and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Impact of prenatal stress on the dyadic behavior of mothers and their 6-month-old infants during a play situation: role of different dimensions of stress}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-017-1770-3}, pages = {1251 -- 1260}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{WirknerWeymarLoewetal.2017, author = {Wirkner, Janine and Weymar, Mathias and Loew, Andreas and Hamm, Carmen and Struck, Anne-Marie and Kirschbaum, Clemens and Hamm, Alfons O.}, title = {Cognitive functioning and emotion processing in breast cancer survivors and controls: An ERP pilot study}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {54}, journal = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0048-5772}, doi = {10.1111/psyp.12874}, pages = {1209 -- 1222}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is a very emotionally aversive and stressful life event, which can lead to impaired cognitive functioning and mental health. Breast cancer survivors responding with repressive emotion regulation strategies often show less adaptive coping and adverse outcomes. We investigated cognitive functioning and neural correlates of emotion processing using ERPs. Self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and fatigue, as well as hair cortisol as an index of chronic stress, were assessed. Twenty breast cancer survivors (BCS) and 31 carefully matched healthy controls participated in the study. After neuropsychological testing and subjective assessments, participants viewed 30 neutral, 30 unpleasant, and 30 pleasant pictures, and ERPs were recorded. Recognition memory was tested 1 week later. BCS reported stronger complaints about cognitive impairments and more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Moreover, they showed elevated hair cortisol levels. Except for verbal memory, cognitive functioning was predominantly in the normative range. Recognition memory performance was decreased in cancer survivors, especially for emotional contents. In ERPs, survivors showed smaller late positive potential amplitudes for unpleasant pictures relative to controls in a later time window, which may indicate less elaborative processing of this material. Taken together, we found cognitive impairments in BCS in verbal memory, impaired emotional picture memory accuracy, and reduced neural activity when breast cancer survivors were confronted with unpleasant materials. Further studies and larger sample sizes, however, are needed to evaluate the relationship between altered emotion processing and reduced memory in BCS in order to develop new treatment strategies.}, language = {en} } @misc{WirknerLowStrucketal.2017, author = {Wirkner, Janine and Low, Andreas and Struck, Anne-Marie and Hamm, Alfons O. and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {DOES AGE INFLUENCE BRAIN POTENTIALS DURING AFFECTIVE PICTURE PROCESSING IN MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN?}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {54}, journal = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0048-5772}, pages = {S40 -- S40}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{WiemersBekkeringLindemann2017, author = {Wiemers, Michael and Bekkering, Harold and Lindemann, Oliver}, title = {Two attributes of number meaning}, series = {Experimental Psychology}, volume = {64}, journal = {Experimental Psychology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1618-3169}, doi = {10.1027/1618-3169/a000366}, pages = {253 -- 261}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Many studies demonstrated interactions between number processing and either spatial codes (effects of spatial-numerical associations) or visual size-related codes (size-congruity effect). However, the interrelatedness of these two number couplings is still unclear. The present study examines the simultaneous occurrence of space- and size-numerical congruency effects and their interactions both within and across trials, in a magnitude judgment task physically small or large digits were presented left or right from screen center. The reaction times analysis revealed that space- and size-congruency effects coexisted in parallel and combined additively. Moreover, a selective sequential modulation of the two congruency effects was found. The size-congruency effect was reduced after size incongruent trials. The space-congruency effect, however, was only affected by the previous space congruency. The observed independence of spatial-numerical and within magnitude associations is interpreted as evidence that the two couplings reflect Different attributes of numerical meaning possibly related to orginality and cardinality.}, language = {en} } @article{WiemersBekkeringLindemann2017, author = {Wiemers, Michael and Bekkering, Harold and Lindemann, Oliver}, title = {Is more always up?}, series = {Journal of cognitive psychology}, volume = {29}, journal = {Journal of cognitive psychology}, number = {5}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {2044-5911}, doi = {10.1080/20445911.2017.1302451}, pages = {642 -- 652}, year = {2017}, abstract = {It has been argued that the association of numbers and vertical space plays a fundamental role for the understanding of numerical concepts. However, convincing evidence for an association of numbers and vertical bimanual responses is still lacking. The present study tests the vertical Spatio-Numerical-Association-of-Response-Codes (SNARC) effect in a number classification task by comparing anatomical hand-based and spatial associations. A mixed effects model of linear spatial-numerical associations revealed no evidence for a vertical but clear support for an anatomical SNARC effect. Only if the task requirements prevented participants from using a number-hand association due to frequently alternating hand-to-button assignments, numbers were associated with the vertical dimension. Taken together, the present findings question the importance of vertical associations for the conceptual understanding of numerical magnitude as hypothesised by some embodied approaches to number cognition and suggest a preference for ego-over geocentric reference frames for the mapping of numbers onto space.}, language = {en} } @misc{WeymarVenturaBortGenheimeretal.2017, author = {Weymar, Mathias and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Genheimer, Hannah and Wirkner, Janine and Wendt, Julia and Hamm, Alfons O.}, title = {THE P300 AND THE LC-NE SYSTEM: NEW INSIGHTS FROM TRANSCUTANEOUS VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION (TVNS)}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {54}, journal = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0048-5772}, pages = {S145 -- S145}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{WendtLoewWeymaretal.2017, author = {Wendt, Julia and Loew, Andreas and Weymar, Mathias and Lotze, Martin and Hamm, Alfons O.}, title = {Active avoidance and attentive freezing in the face of approaching threat}, series = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, volume = {158}, journal = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.054}, pages = {196 -- 204}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Defensive behaviors in animals and humans vary dynamically with increasing proximity of a threat and depending upon the behavioral repertoire at hand. The current study investigated physiological and behavioral adjustments and associated brain activation when participants were exposed to dynamically approaching threat that was either inevitable or could be avoided by motor action. When the approaching threat was inevitable, attentive freezing was observed as indicated by fear bradycardia, startle potentiation, and a dynamic increase in activation of the anterior insula and the periaqueductal grey. In preparation for active avoidance a switch in defensive behavior was observed characterized by startle inhibition and heart rate acceleration along with potentiated activation of the amygdala and the periaqueductal grey. Importantly, the modulation of defensive behavior according to threat imminence and the behavioral option at hand was associated with activity changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These findings improve our understanding of brain mechanisms guiding human behavior during approaching threat depending on available resources.}, language = {en} } @article{WeckWitthoeft2017, author = {Weck, Florian and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael}, title = {Context effects in the evaluation of bodily symptoms}, series = {Journal of experimental psychopathology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychopathology}, publisher = {Sage Publishing}, address = {London}, issn = {2043-8087}, doi = {10.5127/jep.054216}, pages = {241 -- 251}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The illness-related evaluation of bodily symptoms is considered to be an important maintaining factor in somatoform disorders. However, little is known about context variables that could influence this evaluation process. In the current study, participants completed three versions of the Health Norms Sorting Task (HNST) and evaluated bodily symptoms in different contexts (i.e., different evaluation perspectives and time frames of evaluation). Additionally, the three HNST versions were presented in different orders. Bodily symptoms were evaluated more often as a sign of illness when a specific time frame (i.e., one week) was given. However, this context effect was only large when participants had previously evaluated symptoms existing without a concrete duration. Thus, previously completed symptom evaluations appear to represent an important frame of reference in terms of a cue that makes specific context variables salient. The results further suggested that these cueing effects might be less relevant for participants with elevated somatic symptom reports.}, language = {en} } @article{WeckNagelRichtbergetal.2017, author = {Weck, Florian and Nagel, Laura Carlotta and Richtberg, Samantha and Neng, Julia M. B.}, title = {Personality disorders in hypochondriasis}, series = {Journal of personality disorders}, volume = {31}, journal = {Journal of personality disorders}, publisher = {Guilford Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0885-579X}, pages = {567 -- 576}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Previous studies found high prevalence rates of personality disorders (PDs) in patients with hypochondriasis; however, assessment was often based only on questionnaires. In the current study, a sample of 68 patients with hypochondriasis was compared to 31 patients with panic disorder and to 94 healthy controls. Participants were investigated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders questionnaire (SCID-II questionnaire) and the SCID-II interview. Based on the cut-off scores of the SCID-II questionnaire, we found a prevalence rate of 45.6\% for PD in patients with hypochondriasis. In comparison to healthy controls, patients with hypochondriasis showed characteristics of paranoid, borderline, avoid ant, and-dependent PDs in the dimensional assessment significantly more often. However, no significant differences were found between the clinical samples. Based on the SCID-II interview, only 2.9\% of the patients with hypochondriasis fulfilled the criteria for a PD. These results suggest that PDs are not a specific characteristic of hypochondriasis.}, language = {en} } @article{WeckNagelHoeflingetal.2017, author = {Weck, Florian and Nagel, Laura Carlotta and Hoefling, Volkmar and Neng, Julia M. B.}, title = {Cognitive Therapy and Exposure Therapy for Hypochondriasis (Health Anxiety): A 3-Year Naturalistic Follow-Up}, series = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology}, volume = {85}, journal = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0022-006X}, doi = {10.1037/ccp0000239}, pages = {1012 -- 1017}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective in treating hypochondriasis. However, there are doubts regarding the long-term effectiveness of CBT for hypochondriasis, in particular for follow-up periods longer than 1 year. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of cognitive therapy (CT) and exposure therapy (ET) for the treatment of hypochondriasis. Method: Seventy-five patients with a diagnosis of hypochondriasis who were previously treated with CT or ET were contacted 3 years after treatment. Fifty (67\%) patients participated and were interviewed by an independent and blinded diagnostician using standardized interviews. Results: We found further improvements after therapy in primary outcome measures (d = .37), general functioning (d = .38), and reduced doctor visits (d = .30) during the naturalistic follow-up period. At the 3-year follow-up, 72\% of the patients no longer fulfilled the diagnosis of hypochondriasis. Based on the main outcome measure, we found response rates of 76\% and remission rates of 68\%. At follow-up, only 4\% of patients were taking antidepressant medication. Additional psychological treatment was utilized by 18\% of the patients during the follow-up period (only 8\% because of health anxiety). We found no overall differences between CT and ET. Only a trend for a greater deterioration rate in CT (13\%) in comparison to ET (0\%) was found. Conclusions: Our results suggest that 2/3 of the patients with hypochondriasis were remitted in the long term. Thus, remission rates after CBT were twice as high as in untreated samples.}, language = {en} } @article{WeckKaufmannWitthoeft2017, author = {Weck, Florian and Kaufmann, Yvonne Marie and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael}, title = {Topics and techniques in clinical supervision in psychotherapy training}, series = {Cognitive Behaviour Therapist}, volume = {10}, journal = {Cognitive Behaviour Therapist}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1754-470X}, doi = {10.1017/S1754470X17000046}, pages = {17}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Clinical supervision is regarded as one of the most important components of psychotherapy training. In clinical practice, it has been found that the implementation of clinical supervision varies substantially and often differs from the recommendations made in the literature. The objective of the current study was to investigate the frequency of topics (e.g. ethical issues) and techniques (e.g. role play) in the clinical supervision of psychotherapy trainees in Germany. To this end, we considered supervisions in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy (PT). A total of 791 psychotherapy trainees (533 CBT and 242 PT) were asked via the internet to provide information about their current supervision sessions. We found that clinical supervision in psychotherapy training addressed topics that are central for the effective treatment of supervised patients (i.e. therapeutic interventions, therapeutic alliance, maintaining factors, and therapeutic goals). However, the most frequently used intervention in clinical supervision in psychotherapy training was case discussion. Rarely were techniques used that allowed the supervisor to give the supervisee feedback based on the supervisee's demonstrated competencies. For example, 46\% of the supervisors never used audiotapes or videotapes in the supervision. Differences between CBT and PT were rather small. Current practice regarding the techniques used in clinical supervision for psychotherapy trainees contradicts recommendations for active and feedback-oriented clinical supervision. Thus the potential of clinical supervision might not be fully used in clinical practice.}, language = {en} } @misc{WarschburgerKroeller2017, author = {Warschburger, Petra and Kr{\"o}ller, Katja}, title = {Childhood overweight and obesity}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400954}, pages = {8}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: There is an increasing awareness of the impact of parental risk perception on the weight course of the child and the parent's readiness to engage in preventive efforts, but only less is known about factors related to the parental perception of the right time for the implementation of preventive activities. The aim of this study was to examine parental perceptions of the appropriate time to engage in child weight management strategies, and the factors associated with different weight points at which mothers recognize the need for preventive actions. Methods: 352 mothers with children aged 2-10 years took part in the study. We assessed mothers' perceptions of the actual and preferred weight status of their child, their ability to identify overweight and knowledge of its associated health risks, as well as perceptions of the right time for action to prevent overweight in their child. A regression analysis was conducted to examine whether demographic and weight related factors as well as the maternal general risk perception were associated with recognizing the need to implement prevention strategies. Results: Although most of the parents considered a BMI in the 75th to 90th percentile a valid reason to engage in the prevention of overweight, 19\% of the mothers were not willing to engage in prevention until their child reached the 97th percentile. Whereas the child's sex and the identification of an elevated BMI were significant predictors for parents' recognition of the 75th percentile as right point to engage in prevention efforts, an inability to recognize physical health risks associated with overweight silhouettes emerged as a significant factor predicting which parents would delay prevention efforts until a child's BMI reached the 97th percentile. Conclusion: Parental misperceptions of overweight and associated health risks constitute unfavorable conditions for preventive actions. Feedback on the health risks associated with overweight could help increase maternal readiness for change.}, language = {en} } @article{WarschburgerGmeinerMorawietzetal.2017, author = {Warschburger, Petra and Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia and Morawietz, Marisa and Rinck, Mike}, title = {Battle of plates}, series = {Public health nutrition : PHN / The Nutrition Society}, volume = {21}, journal = {Public health nutrition : PHN / The Nutrition Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1368-9800}, doi = {10.1017/S1368980017002701}, pages = {426 -- 434}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: Approach-avoidance training (AAT) is a promising approach in obesity treatment. The present study examines whether an AAT is feasible and able to influence approach tendencies in children and adolescents, comparing implicit and explicit training approaches. Design/Setting/Subjects: Fifty-nine overweight children and adolescents (aged 8-16 years; twenty-six boys) participated in an AAT for food cues, learning to reject snack items and approach vegetable items. Reaction times in the AAT and an implicit association rest (IAT) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: A significant increase in the AAT compatibility scores with a large effect (eta(2) = 0.18) was found. No differences between the implicit and explicit training approaches and no change in the IAT scores were observed. Conclusions: Automatic tendencies in children can be trained, too. The implementation of AAT in the treatment of obesity might support the modification of an unhealthy nutrition behaviour pattern. Further data from randomized controlled clinical trials are needed.}, language = {en} } @misc{WarschburgerCalvanoBeckeretal.2017, author = {Warschburger, Petra and Calvano, Claudia and Becker, Sebastian and Friedt, Michael and Hudert, Christian and Posovszky, Carsten and Schier, Maike and Wegscheider, Karl}, title = {Stop the pain : study protocol for a randomized-controlled trial}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401451}, pages = {11}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is not only a highly prevalent disease but also poses a considerable burden on children and their families. Untreated, FAP is highly persistent until adulthood, also leading to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Intervention studies underscore the efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatment approaches but are limited in terms of sample size, long-term follow-up data, controls and inclusion of psychosocial outcome data. Methods/Design: In a multicenter randomized controlled trial, 112 children aged 7 to 12 years who fulfill the Rome III criteria for FAP will be allocated to an established cognitive behavioral training program for children with FAP (n = 56) or to an active control group (focusing on age-appropriate information delivery; n = 56). Randomization occurs centrally, blockwise and is stratified by center. This study is performed in five pediatric gastroenterology outpatient departments. Observer-blind assessments of outcome variables take place four times: pre-, post-, 3- and 12-months post-treatment. Primary outcome is the course of pain intensity and frequency. Secondary endpoints are health-related quality of life, pain-related coping and cognitions, as well as selfefficacy. Discussion: This confirmatory randomized controlled clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention for children with FAP. By applying an active control group, time and attention processes can be controlled, and long-term follow-up data over the course of one year can be explored.}, language = {en} } @misc{Warschburger2017, author = {Warschburger, Petra}, title = {SRT-Joy - computer-assisted self-regulation training for obese children and adolescents: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401793}, pages = {10}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Obesity is not only a highly prevalent disease but also poses a considerable burden on children and their families. Evidence is increasing that a lack of self-regulation skills may play a role in the etiology and maintenance of obesity. Our goal with this currently ongoing trial is to examine whether training that focuses on the enhancement of self-regulation skills may increase the sustainability of a complex lifestyle intervention. Methods/Design: In a multicenter, prospective, parallel group, randomized controlled superiority trial, 226 obese children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years will be allocated either to a newly developed computer-training program to improve their self-regulation abilities or to a placebo control group. Randomization occurs centrally and blockwise at a 1:1 allocation ratio for each center. This study is performed in pediatric inpatient rehabilitation facilities specialized in the treatment of obesity. Observer-blind assessments of outcome variables take place at four times: at the beginning of the rehabilitation (pre), at the end of the training in the rehabilitation (post), and 6 and 12 months post-rehabilitation intervention. The primary outcome is the course of BMI-SDS over 1 year after the end of the inpatient rehabilitation. Secondary endpoints are the self-regulation skills. In addition, health-related quality of life, and snack intake will be analyzed. Discussion: The computer-based training programs might be a feasible and attractive tool to increase the sustainability of the weight loss reached during inpatient rehabilitation.}, language = {en} } @article{WarnerLensingFay2017, author = {Warner, Greta J. and Lensing, Johanna Nele and Fay, Doris}, title = {Personal initiative}, series = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, volume = {52}, journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0193-3973}, doi = {10.1016/j.appdev.2017.06.004}, pages = {114 -- 125}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Although the effects of personal initiative (PI) on adults' performance and other favorable outcomes are well documented, research has only recently begun to study PI in childhood. This study aimed at examining the development of PI, its predictors, and its developmental effects from childhood to early adolescence. A total of 1,593 German children participated in a longitudinal study starting at Grades 2 to 4, with a second measurement wave two years later. Latent change score analyses revealed that 1) children differed significantly in their change scores of PI, that 2) executive functions and positive parenting predicted change scores in PI, and that 3) high initial levels and change scores in PI reduced the development of internalizing and externalizing problems and supported the development of prosocial behavior and academic competencies. These findings endorse the plasticity of PI and shed light on the active part of children in promoting their own development.}, language = {en} } @article{WarnerFaySchiefeleetal.2017, author = {Warner, Greta J. and Fay, Doris and Schiefele, Ulrich and Stutz, Franziska and Wollny, Anna}, title = {Being proactive when reading: Academic personal initiative as a predictor of word comprehension development}, series = {Learning and individual differences}, volume = {55}, journal = {Learning and individual differences}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1041-6080}, doi = {10.1016/j.lindif.2017.03.012}, pages = {130 -- 140}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Academic personal initiative (API) has rarely been studied with regard to literacy development. The purpose of this longitudinal study was therefore to examine the unique effects of API on the development of word comprehension as an indicator of word reading. To this end, the effects of previous word comprehension, intrinsic reading motivation, and basic cognitive ability (i.e., processing speed) were controlled for. A total of 1,515 German students participated in a longitudinal assessment starting in Grades 1 to 3, with a second point of measurement nine months later. Latent change score analyses revealed positive associations between API and gains in word comprehension, both in the total sample and at all grade levels. These relations were robust against the effects of previous word comprehension and intrinsic reading motivation. The findings suggest that children play an active role in their own reading development. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{vonAster2017, author = {von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Dyskalkulie}, series = {Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Kinderheilkunde}, volume = {165}, journal = {Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Kinderheilkunde}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0026-9298}, doi = {10.1007/s00112-017-0289-x}, pages = {482 -- 489}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Hintergrund Ausgepr{\"a}gte Schwierigkeiten beim Erwerb der grundlegenden arithmetischen Fertigkeiten bei ansonsten durchschnittlichen Schulleistungen werden als Rechenst{\"o}rung oder Dyskalkulie bezeichnet. Davon betroffen sind etwa 5 \% der Grundsch{\"u}lerpopulation. Die Ursachen und die Symptome sind ebenso vielgestaltig wie die Methoden der differenziellen F{\"o}rderung und Therapie. Material und Methode Selektive Literaturrecherche zur Rechenst{\"o}rung aus verschiedenen mit dem Gegenstand befassten wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen. Ergebnisse Der Erwerb von F{\"a}higkeiten zur Zahlenverarbeitung und zum Rechnen wird als ein erfahrungsabh{\"a}ngiger neuroplastischer Reifungsprozess verstanden, der zu einem komplexen, spezialisierten neuronalen Netzwerk f{\"u}hrt und verschiedene kognitive Zahlenrepr{\"a}sentationen hervorbringt. Die Entwicklung dieser dom{\"a}nenspezifischen F{\"a}higkeiten ist abh{\"a}ngig von der Entwicklung dom{\"a}nen{\"u}bergreifender F{\"a}higkeiten, wie Aufmerksamkeit, Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnis, Sprache und visuell-r{\"a}umlichen F{\"a}higkeiten. St{\"o}rungen dieser Reifungsprozesse k{\"o}nnen in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien unterschiedliche Komponenten der Entwicklung dieses komplexen kognitiven Systems betreffen und sind daher im klinischen Erscheinungsbild vielgestaltig. Sonderp{\"a}dagogische, lerntherapeutische und ggf. medizinische Maßnahmen ben{\"o}tigen eine differenzielle Diagnostik und Indikationsstellung. Moderne computerbasierte Lernsoftware kann sowohl die schulische Didaktik als auch lerntherapeutische Vorgehensweisen unterst{\"u}tzen. Schlussfolgerung Fr{\"u}hzeitiges Erkennen sowie differenzielle und individualisierte F{\"o}rderung k{\"o}nnen die Gefahr des Auftretens sekund{\"a}rer emotionaler St{\"o}rungen mindern. Die Diagnostik und die Behandlung der Rechenst{\"o}rung sollten evidenzbasiert und leitlinienorientiert erfolgen sowie der Komplexit{\"a}t und Vielgestaltigkeit der Symptombildungen Rechnung tragen.}, language = {de} } @article{VenturaBortDolcosWendtetal.2017, author = {Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Dolcos, Florin and Wendt, Julia and Wirkner, Janine and Hamm, Alfons O. and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {Item and source memory for emotional associates is mediated by different retrieval processes}, series = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, volume = {145}, journal = {Neuropsychologia : an international journal in behavioural and cognitive neuroscience}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0028-3932}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.12.015}, pages = {11}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Recent event-related potential (ERP) data showed that neutral objects encoded in emotional background pictures were better remembered than objects encoded in neutral contexts, when recognition memory was tested one week later. In the present study, we investigated whether this long-term memory advantage for items is also associated with correct memory for contextual source details. Furthermore, we were interested in the possibly dissociable contribution of familiarity and recollection processes (using a Remember/Know procedure). The results revealed that item memory performance was mainly driven by the subjective experience of familiarity, irrespective of whether the objects were previously encoded in emotional or neutral contexts. Correct source memory for the associated background picture, however, was driven by recollection and enhanced when the content was emotional. In ERPs, correctly recognized old objects evoked frontal ERP Old/New effects (300-500 ms), irrespective of context category. As in our previous study (Ventura-Bort et al., 2016b), retrieval for objects from emotional contexts was associated with larger parietal Old/New differences (600-800 ms), indicating stronger involvement of recollection. Thus, the results suggest a stronger contribution of recollection-based retrieval to item and contextual background source memory for neutral information associated with an emotional event.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{vanNoort2017, author = {van Noort, Betteke Maria}, title = {Children with early-onset anorexia nervosa and their cognitive abilities}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {123}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tyree2017, author = {Tyree, Susan}, title = {Arc expression in the parabrachial nucleus following taste stimulation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396600}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIII, 109}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Researchers have made many approaches to study the complexities of the mammalian taste system; however molecular mechanisms of taste processing in the early structures of the central taste pathway remain unclear. More recently the Arc catFISH (cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescent in situ hybridisation) method has been used in our lab to study neural activation following taste stimulation in the first central structure in the taste pathway, the nucleus of the solitary tract. This method uses the immediate early gene Arc as a neural activity marker to identify taste-responsive neurons. Arc plays a critical role in memory formation and is necessary for conditioned taste aversion memory formation. In the nucleus of the solitary tract only bitter taste stimulation resulted in increased Arc expression, however this did not occur following stimulation with tastants of any other taste quality. The primary target for gustatory NTS neurons is the parabrachial nucleus (PbN) and, like Arc, the PbN plays an important role in conditioned taste aversion learning. The aim of this thesis is to investigate Arc expression in the PbN following taste stimulation to elucidate the molecular identity and function of Arc expressing, taste- responsive neurons. Naïve and taste-conditioned mice were stimulated with tastants from each of the five basic taste qualities (sweet, salty, sour, umami, and bitter), with additional bitter compounds included for comparison. The expression patterns of Arc and marker genes were analysed using in situ hybridisation (ISH). The Arc catFISH method was used to observe taste-responsive neurons following each taste stimulation. A double fluorescent in situ hybridisation protocol was then established to investigate possible neuropeptide genes involved in neural responses to taste stimulation. The results showed that bitter taste stimulation induces increased Arc expression in the PbN in naïve mice. This was not true for other taste qualities. In mice conditioned to find an umami tastant aversive, subsequent umami taste stimulation resulted in an increase in Arc expression similar to that seen in bitter-stimulated mice. Taste-responsive Arc expression was denser in the lateral PbN than the medial PbN. In mice that received two temporally separated taste stimulations, each stimulation time-point showed a distinct population of Arc-expressing neurons, with only a small population (10 - 18 \%) of neurons responding to both stimulations. This suggests that either each stimulation event activates a different population of neurons, or that Arc is marking something other than simple cellular activation, such as long-term cellular changes that do not occur twice within a 25 minute time frame. Investigation using the newly established double-FISH protocol revealed that, of the bitter-responsive Arc expressing neuron population: 16 \% co-expressed calcitonin RNA; 17 \% co-expressed glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor RNA; 17 \% co-expressed hypocretin receptor 1 RNA; 9 \% co-expressed gastrin-releasing peptide RNA; and 20 \% co-expressed neurotensin RNA. This co-expression with multiple different neuropeptides suggests that bitter-activated Arc expression mediates multiple neural responses to the taste event, such as taste aversion learning, suppression of food intake, increased heart rate, and involves multiple brain structures such as the lateral hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the thalamus. The increase in Arc-expression suggests that bitter taste stimulation, and umami taste stimulation in umami-averse animals, may result in an enhanced state of Arc- dependent synaptic plasticity in the PbN, allowing animals to form taste-relevant memories to these aversive compounds more readily. The results investigating neuropeptide RNA co- expression suggest the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and thalamus as possible targets for bitter-responsive Arc-expressing PbN neurons.}, language = {en} } @article{TorranceNottbuschAlvesetal.2017, author = {Torrance, Mark and Nottbusch, Guido and Alves, Rui A. and Arfe, Barbara and Chanquoy, Lucile and Chukharev-Hudilainen, Evgeny and Dimakos, Ioannis and Fidalgo, Raquel and Hyona, Jukka and Johannesson, Omar I. and Madjarov, George and Pauly, Dennis Nikolas and Uppstad, Per Henning and van Waes, Luuk and Vernon, Michael and Wengelin, Asa}, title = {Timed written picture naming in 14 European languages}, series = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {50}, journal = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1554-351X}, doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0902-x}, pages = {744 -- 758}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We describe the Multilanguage Written Picture Naming Dataset. This gives trial-level data and time and agreement norms for written naming of the 260 pictures of everyday objects that compose the colorized Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set (Rossion \& Pourtois in Perception, 33, 217-236, 2004). Adult participants gave keyboarded responses in their first language under controlled experimental conditions (N = 1,274, with subsamples responding in Bulgarian, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish). We measured the time to initiate a response (RT) and interkeypress intervals, and calculated measures of name and spelling agreement. There was a tendency across all languages for quicker RTs to pictures with higher familiarity, image agreement, and name frequency, and with higher name agreement. Effects of spelling agreement and effects on output rates after writing onset were present in some, but not all, languages. Written naming therefore shows name retrieval effects that are similar to those found in speech, but our findings suggest the need for cross-language comparisons as we seek to understand the orthographic retrieval and/or assembly processes that are specific to written output.}, language = {en} } @article{TetznerKlieglKraheetal.2017, author = {Tetzner, Julia and Kliegl, Reinhold and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Busching, Robert and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Developmental problems in adolescence}, series = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, volume = {53}, journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0193-3973}, doi = {10.1016/j.appdev.2017.08.003}, pages = {40 -- 53}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This longitudinal study investigated patterns of developmental problems across depression, aggression, and academic achievement during adolescence, using two measurement points two years apart (N = 1665; age T1: M = 13.14; female = 49.6\%). Latent Profile Analyses and Latent Transition Analyses yielded four main findings: A three-type solution provided the best fit to the data: an asymptomatic type (i.e., low problem scores in all three domains), a depressed type (i.e., high scores in depression), an aggressive type (i.e., high scores in aggression). Profile types were invariant over the two data waves but differed between girls and boys, revealing gender specific patterns of comorbidity. Stabilities over time were high for the asymptomatic type and for types that represented problems in one domain, but moderate for comorbid types. Differences in demographic variables (i.e., age, socio-economic status) and individual characteristics (i.e., self-esteem, dysfunctional cognitions, cognitive capabilities) predicted profile type memberships and longitudinal transitions between types.}, language = {en} } @article{Stober2017, author = {Stober, Sebastian}, title = {Toward Studying Music Cognition with Information Retrieval Techniques: Lessons Learned from the OpenMIIR Initiative}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01255}, pages = {17}, year = {2017}, abstract = {As an emerging sub-field of music information retrieval (MIR), music imagery information retrieval (MIIR) aims to retrieve information from brain activity recorded during music cognition-such as listening to or imagining music pieces. This is a highly interdisciplinary endeavor that requires expertise in MIR as well as cognitive neuroscience and psychology. The OpenMIIR initiative strives to foster collaborations between these fields to advance the state of the art in MIIR. As a first step, electroencephalography (EEG) recordings ofmusic perception and imagination have beenmade publicly available, enabling MIR researchers to easily test and adapt their existing approaches for music analysis like fingerprinting, beat tracking or tempo estimation on this new kind of data. This paper reports on first results of MIIR experiments using these OpenMIIR datasets and points out how these findings could drive new research in cognitive neuroscience.}, language = {en} } @article{StelzelSchauenburgRappetal.2017, author = {Stelzel, Christine and Schauenburg, Gesche and Rapp, Michael A. and Heinzel, Stephan and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Age-Related Interference between the Selection of Input-Output Modality Mappings and Postural Control-a Pilot Study}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00613}, pages = {15}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Age-related decline in executive functions and postural control due to degenerative processes in the central nervous system have been related to increased fall-risk in old age. Many studies have shown cognitive-postural dual-task interference in old adults, but research on the role of specific executive functions in this context has just begun. In this study, we addressed the question whether postural control is impaired depending on the coordination of concurrent response-selection processes related to the compatibility of input and output modality mappings as compared to impairments related to working-memory load in the comparison of cognitive dual and single tasks. Specifically, we measured total center of pressure (CoP) displacements in healthy female participants aged 19-30 and 66-84 years while they performed different versions of a spatial one-back working memory task during semi-tandem stance on an unstable surface (i.e., balance pad) while standing on a force plate. The specific working-memory tasks comprised: (i) modality compatible single tasks (i.e., visual-manual or auditory-vocal tasks), (ii) modality compatible dual tasks (i.e., visual-manual and auditory-vocal tasks), (iii) modality incompatible single tasks (i.e., visual-vocal or auditory-manual tasks), and (iv) modality incompatible dual tasks (i.e., visual-vocal and auditory-manual tasks). In addition, participants performed the same tasks while sitting. As expected from previous research, old adults showed generally impaired performance under high working-memory load (i.e., dual vs. single one-back task). In addition, modality compatibility affected one-back performance in dual-task but not in single-task conditions with strikingly pronounced impairments in old adults. Notably, the modality incompatible dual task also resulted in a selective increase in total CoP displacements compared to the modality compatible dual task in the old but not in the young participants. These results suggest that in addition to effects of working-memory load, processes related to simultaneously overcoming special linkages between input-and output modalities interfere with postural control in old but not in young female adults. Our preliminary data provide further evidence for the involvement of cognitive control processes in postural tasks.}, language = {en} } @article{SommerGarbusowJuengeretal.2017, author = {Sommer, C. and Garbusow, Maria and Juenger, E. and Pooseh, S. and Bernhardt, Nadine and Birkenstock, J. and Schad, Daniel and Jabs, B. and Gloeckler, T. and Huys, Quentin J. M. and Heinz, A. and Smolka, Michael N. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S.}, title = {Strong seduction: impulsivity and the impact of contextual cues on instrumental behavior in alcohol dependence}, series = {Translational Psychiatry}, volume = {7}, journal = {Translational Psychiatry}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {New York}, issn = {2158-3188}, doi = {10.1038/tp.2017.158}, pages = {1209 -- 1222}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Alcohol-related cues acquire incentive salience through Pavlovian conditioning and then can markedly affect instrumental behavior of alcohol-dependent patients to promote relapse. However, it is unclear whether similar effects occur with alcohol-unrelated cues. We tested 116 early-abstinent alcohol-dependent patients and 91 healthy controls who completed a delay discounting task to assess choice impulsivity, and a Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm employing both alcohol-unrelated and alcohol-related stimuli. To modify instrumental choice behavior, we tiled the background of the computer screen either with conditioned stimuli (CS) previously generated by pairing abstract pictures with pictures indicating monetary gains or losses, or with pictures displaying alcohol or water beverages. CS paired to money gains and losses affected instrumental choices differently. This PIT effect was significantly more pronounced in patients compared to controls, and the group difference was mainly driven by highly impulsive patients. The PIT effect was particularly strong in trials in which the instrumental stimulus required inhibition of instrumental response behavior and the background CS was associated to monetary gains. Under that condition, patients performed inappropriate approach behavior, contrary to their previously formed behavioral intention. Surprisingly, the effect of alcohol and water pictures as background stimuli resembled that of aversive and appetitive CS, respectively. These findings suggest that positively valenced background CS can provoke dysfunctional instrumental approach behavior in impulsive alcohol-dependent patients. Consequently, in real life they might be easily seduced by environmental cues to engage in actions thwarting their long-term goals. Such behaviors may include, but are not limited to, approaching alcohol.}, language = {en} } @article{SehmWarschburger2017, author = {Sehm, Marie and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {The dual-pathway model of binge eating: Is there a need for modification?}, series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, volume = {114}, journal = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {London}, issn = {0195-6663}, doi = {10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.028}, pages = {137 -- 145}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The dual-pathway model proposes that body dissatisfaction might lead to binge eating (BE) through restraint eating and negative affect. Both pathways have been confirmed longitudinally, but there is evidence that the affect-pathway might rather be found in the short-term, whereas other variables might be involved over longer periods. Research suggests that self-esteem represents a key-factor in the etiology of BE in adolescent girls and might serve as a mediator between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. Based on these findings, the aim of this study was to investigate the original dual-pathway model across 20 months and to evaluate a modified version of the model with self-esteem instead of negative affect as a mediator in the affect-pathway. We assessed eating pathology, negative affect and self-esteem by self-report in a sample of 523 adolescent girls at two time points separated by 20 months. Data were analyzed using a cross-lagged panel design. Both, the original and the modified model provided good fit to the data, but results yielded limited support for the assumptions of the original model. Neither restraint eating nor negative affect mediated the link between body dissatisfaction and BE. The modified model fit the data slightly better and results indicated that low self-esteem mediated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and BE. Notably, our results indicated that restraint eating might even reduce the risk for BE through the enhancement of self-esteem. Results suggest that the dual-pathway model could benefit from the inclusion of a more trait-like variable such as self-esteem when evaluated across the long-term. Furthermore, our findings indicate that healthy restraint eating might have positive effects on self-esteem, thereby reducing risk for BE in adolescent girls, who are dissatisfied with their bodies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{SegeBradleyWeymaretal.2017, author = {Sege, Christopher T. and Bradley, Margaret M. and Weymar, Mathias and Lang, Peter J.}, title = {A direct comparison of appetitive and aversive anticipation}, series = {Behavioural brain research : an international journal}, volume = {326}, journal = {Behavioural brain research : an international journal}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0166-4328}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.005}, pages = {96 -- 102}, year = {2017}, abstract = {fMRI studies of reward find increased neural activity in ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas other regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (d1PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and anterior insula, are activated when anticipating aversive exposure. Although these data suggest differential activation during anticipation of pleasant or of unpleasant exposure, they also arise in the context of different paradigms (e.g., preparation for reward vs. threat of shock) and participants. To determine overlapping and unique regions active during emotional anticipation, we compared neural activity during anticipation of pleasant or unpleasant exposure in the same participants. Cues signalled the upcoming presentation of erotic/romantic, violent, or everyday pictures while BOLD activity during the 9-s anticipatory period was measured using fMRI. Ventral striatum and a ventral mPFC subregion were activated when anticipating pleasant, but not unpleasant or neutral, pictures, whereas activation in other regions was enhanced when anticipating appetitive or aversive scenes.}, language = {en} } @article{SchuettRothkegelTrukenbrodetal.2017, author = {Sch{\"u}tt, Heiko Herbert and Rothkegel, Lars Oliver Martin and Trukenbrod, Hans Arne and Reich, Sebastian and Wichmann, Felix A. and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Likelihood-based parameter estimation and comparison of dynamical cognitive models}, series = {Psychological Review}, volume = {124}, journal = {Psychological Review}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0033-295X}, doi = {10.1037/rev0000068}, pages = {505 -- 524}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Dynamical models of cognition play an increasingly important role in driving theoretical and experimental research in psychology. Therefore, parameter estimation, model analysis and comparison of dynamical models are of essential importance. In this article, we propose a maximum likelihood approach for model analysis in a fully dynamical framework that includes time-ordered experimental data. Our methods can be applied to dynamical models for the prediction of discrete behavior (e.g., movement onsets); in particular, we use a dynamical model of saccade generation in scene viewing as a case study for our approach. For this model, the likelihood function can be computed directly by numerical simulation, which enables more efficient parameter estimation including Bayesian inference to obtain reliable estimates and corresponding credible intervals. Using hierarchical models inference is even possible for individual observers. Furthermore, our likelihood approach can be used to compare different models. In our example, the dynamical framework is shown to outperform nondynamical statistical models. Additionally, the likelihood based evaluation differentiates model variants, which produced indistinguishable predictions on hitherto used statistics. Our results indicate that the likelihood approach is a promising framework for dynamical cognitive models.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzenthalJuangSchachneretal.2017, author = {Schwarzenthal, Miriam and Juang, Linda P. and Schachner, Maja Katharina and van de Vijver, Fons J. R. and Handrick, Anna}, title = {From tolerance to understanding}, series = {Journal of community \& applied social psychology}, volume = {27}, journal = {Journal of community \& applied social psychology}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1052-9284}, doi = {10.1002/casp.2317}, pages = {388 -- 399}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We investigated intercultural competence among immigrant and non-immigrant background adolescents in multiethnic schools in relation to intercultural contact, age, and ethnic identity exploration. The sample included 631 adolescents in Germany (49.4\% of immigrant background, 48.2\% female), aged 11 to 18 years (Mage = 13.69 years, SDage = 1.83). Intercultural competence was measured using a self-report questionnaire and situational judgment tests capturing the adolescents' interpretation of and reaction to intercultural conflicts. Intercultural contacts and ethnic identity exploration were measured using self-report questionnaires. Results showed that among immigrant and non-immigrant background adolescents, intercultural contact and ethnic identity exploration were positively related to different aspects of intercultural competence. As predicted, self-reported intercultural competence was unrelated to age in both groups, whereas this competence, as measured by the situational judgment tests, increased with age. Thus, learning about others (e.g., by engaging in intercultural contact) and learning about yourself (e.g., by exploring your own ethnic background) are both important for developing pivotal intercultural skills.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzReike2017, author = {Schwarz, Wolfgang and Reike, Dennis}, title = {Regression away from the mean}, series = {British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology / British Psychological Society}, volume = {71}, journal = {British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology / British Psychological Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0007-1102}, doi = {10.1111/bmsp.12106}, pages = {186 -- 203}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Using a standard repeated measures model with arbitrary true score distribution and normal error variables, we present some fundamental closed-form results which explicitly indicate the conditions under which regression effects towards (RTM) and away from the mean are expected. Specifically, we show that for skewed and bimodal distributions many or even most cases will show a regression effect that is in expectation away from the mean, or that is not just towards but actually beyond the mean. We illustrate our results in quantitative detail with typical examples from experimental and biometric applications, which exhibit a clear regression away from the mean ('egression from the mean') signature. We aim not to repeal cautionary advice against potential RTM effects, but to present a balanced view of regression effects, based on a clear identification of the conditions governing the form that regression effects take in repeated measures designs.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schuster2017, author = {Schuster, Isabell}, title = {Prevalence and Predictors of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in Chile and Turkey}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413897}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {285}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Although sexual aggression is recognized as a serious issue worldwide, the current knowledge base is primarily built on evidence from Western countries, particularly the U.S. For the present doctoral research, Chile and Turkey were selected based on theoretical considerations to examine the prevalence as well as predictors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration. The first aim of this research project was to systematically review the available evidence provided by past studies on this topic within each country. The second aim was to empirically study the prevalence of experiencing and engaging in sexual aggression since the age of consent among college students in Chile and Turkey. The third aim was to conduct cross-cultural analyses examining pathways to victimization and perpetration based on a two-wave longitudinal design. Methods: This research adopted a gender-inclusive approach by considering men and women in both victim and perpetrator roles. For the systematic reviews, multiple-stage literature searches were performed, and based on a predefined set of eligibility criteria, 28 studies in Chile and 56 studies in Turkey were identified for inclusion. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted to examine the prevalence and predictors of sexual aggression among male and female college students in Chile and Turkey. Self-reports of victimization and perpetration were assessed with a Chilean Spanish or Turkish version of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale. Two path models were conceptualized in which participants' risky sexual scripts for consensual sex, risky sexual behavior, sexual self-esteem, sexual assertiveness, and religiosity were assessed at T1 and used as predictors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration at T2 in the following 12 months, mediated through past victimization or perpetration, respectively. The models differed in that sexual assertiveness was expected to serve different functions for victimization (refusal assertiveness negatively linked to victimization) and perpetration (initiation assertiveness positively linked to perpetration). Results: Both systematic reviews revealed that victimization was addressed by all included studies, but data on perpetration was severely limited. A great heterogeneity not only in victimization rates but also in predictors was found, which may be attributed to a lack of conceptual and methodological consistency across studies. The empirical analysis of the prevalence of sexual aggression in Chile revealed a victimization rate of 51.9\% for women and 48.0\% for men, and a perpetration rate of 26.8\% for men and 16.5\% for women. In the Turkish original data, victimization was reported by 77.6\% of women and 65.5\% of men, whereas, again, lower rates were found for perpetration, with 28.9\% of men and 14.2\% of women reporting at least one incident. The cross-cultural analyses showed, as expected, that risky sexual scripts informed risky sexual behavior, and thereby indirectly increased the likelihood of victimization and perpetration at T2 in both samples. More risky sexual scripts were also linked to lower levels of refusal assertiveness in both samples, indirectly increasing the vulnerability to victimization at T2. High sexual self-esteem decreased the probability of victimization at T2 through higher refusal assertiveness as well as through less risky sexual behavior also in both samples, whereas it increased the odds of perpetration at T2 via higher initiation assertiveness in the Turkish sample only. Furthermore, high religiosity decreased the odds of perpetration and victimization at T2 through less risky sexual scripts and less risky sexual behavior in both samples. It reduced the vulnerability to victimization through less risky sexual scripts and higher refusal assertiveness in the Chilean sample only. In the Turkish sample only, it increased the odds of perpetration and victimization through lower sexual self-esteem. Conclusions: The findings showed that sexual aggression is a widespread problem in both Chile and Turkey, contributing cross-cultural evidence to the international knowledge base and indicating the clear need for implementing policy measures and prevention strategies in each country. Based on the results of the prospective analyses, concrete implications for intervention efforts are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{Schiefele2017, author = {Schiefele, Ulrich}, title = {Classroom management and mastery-oriented instruction as mediators of the effects of teacher motivation on student motivation}, series = {Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies}, volume = {64}, journal = {Teaching and teacher education : an international journal of research and studies}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0742-051X}, doi = {10.1016/j.tate.2017.02.004}, pages = {115 -- 126}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This study addressed the role of elementary school teachers' classroom management and mastery-oriented instructional practices as mediators of the effects of teacher motivation on student motivation. The sample comprised 110 teacher-class pairs (1731 students). The results from multilevel regression analyses revealed that teacher educational interest contributed to student reports of teachers' instructional practices. These practices, in turn, were significant predictors of students' subject interest and mastery goals at both the student and the class level. Finally, teacher educational interest showed significant and substantial indirect relations to student motivation that were mediated by teachers' instructional practices.}, language = {en} } @article{SchachnerHeHeizmannetal.2017, author = {Schachner, Maja Katharina and He, Jia and Heizmann, Boris and Van de Vijver, Fons J. R.}, title = {Acculturation and School Adjustment of Immigrant Youth in Six European Countries: Findings from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00649}, pages = {11}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{Schachner2017, author = {Schachner, Maja Katharina}, title = {From equality and inclusion to cultural pluralism}, series = {European journal of developmental psychology}, volume = {16}, journal = {European journal of developmental psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1740-5629}, doi = {10.1080/17405629.2017.1326378}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Schools are a major context for academic and socio-emotional development, but also an important acculturative context. This is notably the case in adolescence, which is a critical period for the development of a social and ethnic identity, as well as moral reasoning and intergroup attitudes. How schools approach cultural diversity issues is therefore likely to affect these developmental and acculturative processes and adaptation outcomes. In the present article, the manifestation and effects of the most prominent approaches to cultural diversity, namely those guided by a perspective of equality and inclusion, and those guided by a perspective of cultural pluralism, are reviewed and compared in the context of multi-ethnic schools. The aim is to explore when and how the potential of cultural diversity can best flourish, enhancing the academic and socio-emotional development of culturally diverse students.}, language = {en} } @article{RuzanskaWarschburger2017, author = {Ruzanska, Ulrike Alexandra and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 in a community sample}, series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, volume = {117}, journal = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {London}, issn = {0195-6663}, doi = {10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.018}, pages = {126 -- 134}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{RomeroSanchezMegiasKrahe2017, author = {Romero-S{\´a}nchez, M{\´o}nica and Meg{\´i}as, Jes{\´u}s L and Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {The role of alcohol and victim sexual interest in Spanish students' perceptions of sexual assault}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403230}, pages = {29}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Two studies investigated the effects of information related to rape myths on Spanish college students' perceptions of sexual assault. In Study 1, 92 participants read a vignette about a nonconsensual sexual encounter and rated whether it was a sexual assault and how much the woman was to blame. In the scenario, the man either used physical force or offered alcohol to the woman to overcome her resistance. Rape myth acceptance (RMA) was measured as an individual difference variable. Participants were more convinced that the incident was a sexual assault and blamed the woman less when the man had used force rather than offering her alcohol. In Study 2, 164 college students read a scenario in which the woman rejected a man's sexual advances after having either accepted or turned down his offer of alcohol. In addition, the woman was either portrayed as being sexually attracted to him or there was no mention of her sexual interest. Participants' RMA was again included. High RMA participants blamed the victim more than low RMA participants and were less certain that the incident was a sexual assault, especially when the victim had accepted alcohol and was described as being sexually attracted to the man. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the prevention and legal prosecution of sexual assault.}, language = {en} } @article{ReikeSchwarz2017, author = {Reike, Dennis and Schwarz, Wolfgang}, title = {Exploring the origin of the number-size congruency effect}, series = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, volume = {79}, journal = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1943-3921}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-016-1267-4}, pages = {383 -- 388}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Physical size modulates the efficiency of digit comparison, depending on whether the relation of numerical magnitude and physical size is congruent or incongruent (Besner \& Coltheart, Neuropsychologia, 17, 467-472, 1979), the number-size congruency effect (NSCE). In addition, Henik and Tzelgov (Memory \& Cognition, 10, 389-395, 1982) first reported an NSCE for the reverse task of comparing the physical size of digits such that the numerical magnitude of digits modulated the time required to compare their physical sizes. Does the NSCE in physical comparisons simply reflect a number-mediated bias mechanism related to making decisions and selecting responses about the digit's sizes? Alternatively, or in addition, the NSCE might indicate a true increase in the ability to discriminate small and large font sizes when these sizes are congruent with the digit's symbolic numerical meaning, over and above response bias effects. We present a new research design that permits us to apply signal detection theory to a task that required observers to judge the physical size of digits. Our results clearly demonstrate that the NSCE cannot be reduced to mere response bias effects, and that genuine sensitivity gains for congruent number-size pairings contribute to the NSCE.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Reike2017, author = {Reike, Dennis}, title = {A look behind perceptual performance in numerical cognition}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407821}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi, 136}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Recognizing, understanding, and responding to quantities are considerable skills for human beings. We can easily communicate quantities, and we are extremely efficient in adapting our behavior to numerical related tasks. One usual task is to compare quantities. We also use symbols like digits in numerical-related tasks. To solve tasks including digits, we must to rely on our previously learned internal number representations. This thesis elaborates on the process of number comparison with the use of noisy mental representations of numbers, the interaction of number and size representations and how we use mental number representations strategically. For this, three studies were carried out. In the first study, participants had to decide which of two presented digits was numerically larger. They had to respond with a saccade in the direction of the anticipated answer. Using only a small set of meaningfully interpretable parameters, a variant of random walk models is described that accounts for response time, error rate, and variance of response time for the full matrix of 72 digit pairs. In addition, the used random walk model predicts a numerical distance effect even for error response times and this effect clearly occurs in the observed data. In relation to corresponding correct answers error responses were systematically faster. However, different from standard assumptions often made in random walk models, this account required that the distributions of step sizes of the induced random walks be asymmetric to account for this asymmetry between correct and incorrect responses. Furthermore, the presented model provides a well-defined framework to investigate the nature and scale (e.g., linear vs. logarithmic) of the mapping of numerical magnitude onto its internal representation. In comparison of the fits of proposed models with linear and logarithmic mapping, the logarithmic mapping is suggested to be prioritized. Finally, we discuss how our findings can help interpret complex findings (e.g., conflicting speed vs. accuracy trends) in applied studies that use number comparison as a well-established diagnostic tool. Furthermore, a novel oculomotoric effect is reported, namely the saccadic overschoot effect. The participants responded by saccadic eye movements and the amplitude of these saccadic responses decreases with numerical distance. For the second study, an experimental design was developed that allows us to apply the signal detection theory to a task where participants had to decide whether a presented digit was physically smaller or larger. A remaining question is, whether the benefit in (numerical magnitude - physical size) congruent conditions is related to a better perception than in incongruent conditions. Alternatively, the number-size congruency effect is mediated by response biases due to numbers magnitude. The signal detection theory is a perfect tool to distinguish between these two alternatives. It describes two parameters, namely sensitivity and response bias. Changes in the sensitivity are related to the actual task performance due to real differences in perception processes whereas changes in the response bias simply reflect strategic implications as a stronger preparation (activation) of an anticipated answer. Our results clearly demonstrate that the number-size congruency effect cannot be reduced to mere response bias effects, and that genuine sensitivity gains for congruent number-size pairings contribute to the number-size congruency effect. Third, participants had to perform a SNARC task - deciding whether a presented digit was odd or even. Local transition probability of irrelevant attributes (magnitude) was varied while local transition probability of relevant attributes (parity) and global probability occurrence of each stimulus were kept constantly. Participants were quite sensitive in recognizing the underlying local transition probability of irrelevant attributes. A gain in performance was observed for actual repetitions of the irrelevant attribute in relation to changes of the irrelevant attribute in high repetition conditions compared to low repetition conditions. One interpretation of these findings is that information about the irrelevant attribute (magnitude) in the previous trial is used as an informative precue, so that participants can prepare early processing stages in the current trial, with the corresponding benefits and costs typical of standard cueing studies. Finally, the results reported in this thesis are discussed in relation to recent studies in numerical cognition.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Rauscher2017, author = {Rauscher, Larissa}, title = {Effekte eines F{\"o}rderprogramms zur Verbesserung der Rechenfertigkeiten auf Leistung, sozio-emotionale Merkmale und psychische Auff{\"a}lligkeiten}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {227}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{PlenerZohselHohmetal.2017, author = {Plener, Paul L. and Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Banaschewski, T. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Lower cortisol level in response to a psychosocial stressor in young females with self-harm}, series = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {76}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0306-4530}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.009}, pages = {84 -- 87}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Self-harm is highly prevalent in adolescence, often serving an emotion regulation function. Social stressors such as bullying are associated with self-harm. The neurobiological background of the relationship between social stressors and self-harm needs to be further understood to inform prevention and therapy. Methods: Participants were members of an epidemiological cohort study. 130 female participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) at age 19. Of them, 21 reported a history of self-harm as assessed by the Youth Self Report. Psychiatric diagnoses were recorded. Results: Participants with a history of self-harm showed significantly lower blood cortisol levels throughout the TSST. Early psychosocial adversity did not significantly differ between groups with and without self-harm, with self-harming participants reporting more childhood adversities. Conclusion: These results add to the limited field of studies showing an altered HPA axis activity in females with self-harm. Future studies need to address the causal mechanisms behind this association.}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Hohm, Erika and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Child regulative temperament as a mediator of parenting in the development of depressive symptoms}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-017-1682-2}, pages = {631 -- 641}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Child temperament as well as parenting behaviors have been linked to adolescent depression. Beyond their main effects, the interplay between these factors is of interest. For example, in an interactive model, a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants to parenting has been suggested. However, so far, the differential susceptibility hypothesis has mostly been studied with a focus on externalizing disorders. On the other hand, parenting may shape the child's temperament and vice versa in a transactional process. In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 176 girls), we assessed emotional (easy-difficult) and regulative (self-control) temperament at ages 4.5, and 8 years, respectively, as well as parenting quality at age 4.5 years using the HOME inventory. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at age 11, measured by the Child Depression Inventory, including interaction terms between the temperament variable and parenting. We additionally tested whether parenting was mediated by child temperament. As previously reported, both self-control and parenting were longitudinally associated with preadolescent depressive symptoms. There were no interactive effects between temperament and parenting. However, the effects of parenting were partly mediated by self-control. Our data do not support a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants in the development of preadolescent depression. However, our results are in line with the assumption that parenting may shape young children's temperament, with positive parenting in the early childhood fostering the development of regulative temperament.}, language = {en} } @article{PanYanLaubrock2017, author = {Pan, Jinger and Yan, Ming and Laubrock, Jochen}, title = {Perceptual span in oral reading}, series = {Scientific Studies of Reading}, volume = {21}, journal = {Scientific Studies of Reading}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1088-8438}, doi = {10.1080/10888438.2017.1283694}, pages = {254 -- 263}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The present study explores the perceptual span, that is, the physical extent of the area from which useful visual information is obtained during a single fixation, during oral reading of Chinese sentences. Characters outside a window of legible text were replaced by visually similar characters. Results show that the influence of window size on the perceptual span was consistent across different fixation and oculomotor measures. To maintain normal reading behavior when reading aloud, it was necessary to have information provided from three characters to the right of the fixation. Together with findings from previous research, our findings suggest that the physical size of the perceptual span is smaller when reading aloud than in silent reading. This is in agreement with previous studies in English, suggesting that the mechanisms causing the reduced span in oral reading have a common base that generalizes across languages and writing systems.}, language = {en} } @article{PanKongSongetal.2017, author = {Pan, Jinger and Kong, Yan and Song, Shuang and McBride, Catherine and Liu, Hongyun and Shu, Hua}, title = {Socioeconomic status, parent report of children's early language skills, and late literacy skills}, series = {Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal}, volume = {30}, journal = {Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0922-4777}, doi = {10.1007/s11145-016-9682-4}, pages = {401 -- 416}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Previous research on the longitudinal prediction of literacy development has focused mainly on the relationship between early cognitive/language skills and late literacy skills. The present study aimed to test the reliability of a number of measures reported by parents as compared to measuring cognitive and language skills in predicting subsequent reading achievement. Two hundred sixty-two Chinese children were administered four cognitive and language skills over three years at the preliterate stage. Additional information on children's family socioeconomic status (SES), children's early language skills, familial reading performance and habits, and familial handedness based on the observations of parents was collected. Performance on these variables in relation to subsequent literacy skills at 11 years of age was examined. SES and children's early language skills significantly predicted subsequent literacy skills. Even with a number of cognitive and language skills statistically controlled, parental reports of children's early language skills still contributed to reading comprehension. Poor readers defined at 11 years of age had lagged behind in early language skills, as well as family reading performance and habits, as compared to typically developing readers. These findings suggest that SES and parental estimates of children's early language skills are useful for predicting children's subsequent reading achievement.}, language = {en} } @article{NiestaKayersSchwarz2017, author = {Niesta Kayers, Daniel and Schwarz, Sascha}, title = {Physical Appearance, Attractiveness and Relationships: Is the Display Versus Avoidance of the Color Red a Strategic Mating Signal?}, series = {Journal of Psychology \& Psychotherapy}, volume = {7}, journal = {Journal of Psychology \& Psychotherapy}, number = {2}, issn = {2161-0487}, doi = {10.4172/2161-0487.1000293}, pages = {4}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The present article focuses on the role of situational factors - such as the color red - and their influence on what humans notice in others. Humans form impressions of others instantly. These impressions are predominantly based on physical appearance, which is part due to a person's search for indicators of a potential partner's fitness. Attractive individuals are associated with all sorts of positive qualities, whereas their less attractive counterparts are less favorably depicted. This perception process of physical attractiveness is associated with health in male and female faces, and from an evolutionary point of view, serves the survival and the reproductive success of the perceiver. The meaning of the color red for approach and avoidance behavior is demonstrated in a recent study, which shows that women's use (or avoidance) of red clothing, accessories, and make-up may serve as a subtle and strategic indicator of (missing) sexual interest.}, language = {en} } @article{NazirHrycykMoreauetal.2017, author = {Nazir, Tatjana A. and Hrycyk, Lianna and Moreau, Quentin and Frak, Victor and Cheylus, Anne and Ott, Laurent and Lindemann, Oliver and Fischer, Martin H. and Paulignan, Yves and Delevoye-Turrell, Yvonne}, title = {A simple technique to study embodied language processes}, series = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {49}, journal = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1554-351X}, doi = {10.3758/s13428-015-0696-7}, pages = {61 -- 73}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Research in cognitive neuroscience has shown that brain structures serving perceptual, emotional, and motor processes are also recruited during the understanding of language when it refers to emotion, perception, and action. However, the exact linguistic and extralinguistic conditions under which such language-induced activity in modality-specific cortex is triggered are not yet well understood. The purpose of this study is to introduce a simple experimental technique that allows for the online measure of language-induced activity in motor structures of the brain. This technique consists in the use of a grip force sensor that captures subtle grip force variations while participants listen to words and sentences. Since grip force reflects activity in motor brain structures, the continuous monitoring of force fluctuations provides a fine-grained estimation of motor activity across time. In other terms, this method allows for both localization of the source of language-induced activity to motor brain structures and high temporal resolution of the recorded data. To facilitate comparison of the data to be collected with this tool, we present two experiments that describe in detail the technical setup, the nature of the recorded data, and the analyses (including justification about the data filtering and artifact rejection) that we applied. We also discuss how the tool could be used in other domains of behavioral research.}, language = {en} } @article{MyachykovChapmanFischer2017, author = {Myachykov, Andriy and Chapman, Ashley J. and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Cross-representational interactions}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, pages = {7}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A crucial question facing cognitive science concerns the nature of conceptual representations as well as the constraints on the interactions between them. One specific question we address in this paper is what makes cross-representational interplay possible? We offer two distinct theoretical scenarios: according to the first scenario, co-activated knowledge representations interact with the help of an interface established between them via congruent activation in a mediating third-party general cognitive mechanism, e.g., attention. According to the second scenario, co-activated knowledge representations interact due to an overlap between their features, for example when they share a magnitude component. First, we make a case for cross representational interplay based on grounded and situated theories of cognition. Second, we discuss interface-based interactions between distinct (i.e., non-overlapping) knowledge representations. Third, we discuss how co-activated representations may share their architecture via partial overlap. Finally, we outline constraints regarding the flexibility of these proposed mechanisms.}, language = {en} } @article{MuschallaJoebges2017, author = {Muschalla, Beate and J{\"o}bges, Michael}, title = {Prevalence and Characteristics of Work Anxiety in Medical Rehabilitation Patients}, series = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, volume = {99}, journal = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0003-9993}, doi = {10.1016/j.apmr.2017.06.017}, pages = {57 -- 64}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate frequency, type, and characteristics of work anxieties in patients with somatic illness. Design: Cross-sectional observation study. Setting: Neurology, orthopedic, and cardiology rehabilitation clinics. Participants: Patients (N=4610; age, 18-65y) with work anxieties. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Patients who scored high on at least 2 of 9 items in the work-anxiety screening questionnaire and who reported impairment were investigated with a differential diagnostic interview on work anxieties and with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview on non work-related common mental disorders. Patients also filled out a self-rating questionnaire on their subjective symptom load and sociodemographic data. Results: Approximately 20\% to 27\% of the investigated inpatients in somatic rehabilitation (altogether n=393) received a work-anxiety diagnosis. Patients with orthopedic illness report highest work anxiety and have previous longest sick leave (20.6wk in the past 12mo). Patients with orthopedic illness suffer from work-related adjustment disorder with anxiety, social anxieties, and workplace phobias, whereas patients with cardiac illness are more often affected by hypochondriac anxieties. Anxieties of insufficiency and worrying occur equally in all indications. Conclusions: About a quarter of patients in somatic rehabilitation are in need of additional diagnostic attention owing to work anxieties. Differential diagnostic of work anxiety is needed for initiating adequate therapeutic action. Somatic rehabilitation physicians should be aware of work anxieties in their patients, especially in patients with orthopedic illness with previous long-term sick leave. (c) 2017 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine}, language = {en} } @article{Muschalla2017, author = {Muschalla, Beate}, title = {Is it a Case of "Work-Anxiety" When Patients Report Bad Workplace Characteristics and Low Work Ability?}, series = {Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation}, volume = {27}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1053-0487}, doi = {10.1007/s10926-016-9637-2}, pages = {106 -- 114}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Aims Work-anxiety may produce overly negative views of the workplace that impair provider efforts to assess work ability from patient self-report. This study explores the empirical relationships between patient-reported workplace characteristics, work-anxiety, and subjective and objective work ability measures. Methods 125 patients in medical rehabilitation before vocational reintegration were interviewed concerning their vocational situation, and filled in a questionnaire on work-anxiety, subjective mental work ability and perceived workplace characteristics. Treating physicians gave independent socio-medical judgments concerning the patients' work ability and impairment, and need for supportive means for vocational reintegration. Results Patients with high work-anxiety reported more negative workplace characteristics. Low judgments of work ability were correlated with problematic workplace characteristics. When controlled for work-anxiety, subjective work ability remained related only with social workplace characteristics and with work achievement demands, but independent from situational or task characteristics. Sick leave duration and physicians' judgment of work ability were not significantly related to patient-reported workplace characteristics. Conclusions In socio-medical work ability assessments, patients with high work-anxiety may over-report negative workplace characteristics that can confound provider estimates of work ability. Assessing work-anxiety may be important to assess readiness for returning to work and initiating work-directed treatments.}, language = {en} } @article{Muschalla2017, author = {Muschalla, Beate}, title = {Work-anxiety-coping intervention improves work-coping perception while a recreational intervention leads to deterioration}, series = {European journal of work and organizational psychology : the official journal of The European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology}, volume = {26}, journal = {European journal of work and organizational psychology : the official journal of The European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1359-432X}, doi = {10.1080/1359432X.2017.1384378}, pages = {858 -- 869}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Work-anxieties are costly and need early intervention. The perception of being able to cope with work is a basic requirement for work ability. This randomized controlled trial investigates whether a cognitive behavioural, work-anxiety-coping group (WAG) intervention leads to better work-coping perception than an unspecific recreational group (RG). Heterogeneous people in medical rehabilitation, who were due to return to work, were interviewed concerning their work-anxieties, and either randomly assigned to a WAG (n=85) or a RG (n=95). The participants (with an average of 50years old [range 23-64]; 51\% women; 70\% workers or employees, 25\% academics, 5\% unskilled) followed the group intervention for four or six sessions. The perceived work-coping was assessed by self-rating (Inventory for Job-Coping and Return Intention JoCoRi) after each group session. Although participants had a slight temporary decrease in work-coping after group session two (from M-1=2.47 to M-2=2.28, d(Cohen)=-.22), the WAG led to the improvement of perceived work-coping over the intervention course (from M-1=2.47 to M-6=2.65, d(Cohen)=.18). In contrast, participants from the RG reported lower work-coping after six group sessions (from M-1=2.26 to M-6=2.02, d(Cohen)=-.18). It is considered that people with work-anxieties need training in work-coping. By focusing on recreation only, this may lead to deterioration of work-coping. Indeed, intervention designers should be aware of temporary deterioration (side effects) when confronting participants with work-coping.}, language = {en} } @article{MoscadeBot2017, author = {Mosca, Michela and de Bot, Kees}, title = {Bilingual Language Switching: Production vs. Recognition}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00934}, pages = {18}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{MorfSchurchKufeneretal.2017, author = {Morf, Carolyn C. and Schurch, Eva and Kufener, Albrecht and Siegrist, Philip and Vater, Aline and Back, Mitja and Mestel, Robert and Schr{\"o}der-Abe, Michela}, title = {Expanding the Nomological Net of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory: German Validation and Extension in a Clinical Inpatient Sample}, series = {Assessment}, volume = {24}, journal = {Assessment}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {1073-1911}, doi = {10.1177/1073191115627010}, pages = {419 -- 443}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{Miklashevsky2017, author = {Miklashevsky, Alex A.}, title = {Perceptual experience norms for 506 Russian nouns}, series = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, volume = {47}, journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0090-6905}, doi = {10.1007/s10936-017-9548-1}, pages = {641 -- 661}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A number of new psycholinguistic variables has been proposed during the last years within embodied cognition framework: modality experience rating (i.e., relationship between words and images of a particular perceptive modality-visual, auditory, haptic etc.), manipulability (the necessity for an object to interact with human hands in order to perform its function), vertical spatial localization. However, it is not clear how these new variables are related to each other and to such traditional variables as imageability, AoA and word frequency. In this article, normative data on the modality (visual, auditory, haptic, olfactory, and gustatory) ratings, vertical spatial localization of the object, manipulability, imageability, age of acquisition, and subjective frequency for 506 Russian nouns are presented. Strongest correlations were observed between olfactory and gustatory modalities (.81), visual modality and imageability (.78), haptic modality and manipulability (.7). Other modalities also significantly correlate with imageability: olfactory (.35), gustatory (.24), and haptic (.67). Factor analysis divided variables into four groups where visual and haptic modality ratings were combined with imageability, manipulability and AoA (the first factor); word length, frequency and AoA formed the second factor; olfactory modality was united with gustatory (the third factor); spatial localization only is included in the fourth factor. Present norms of imageability and AoA are consistent with previous as correlation analysis has revealed. The complete database can be downloaded from supplementary material.}, language = {en} } @article{MeybergSinnEngbertetal.2017, author = {Meyberg, Susann and Sinn, Petra and Engbert, Ralf and Sommer, Werner}, title = {Revising the link between microsaccades and the spatial cueing of voluntary attention}, series = {Vision research : an international journal for functional aspects of vision.}, volume = {133}, journal = {Vision research : an international journal for functional aspects of vision.}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0042-6989}, doi = {10.1016/j.visres.2017.01.001}, pages = {47 -- 60}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Microsaccades - i.e., small fixational saccades generated in the superior colliculus (SC) - have been linked to spatial attention. While maintaining fixation, voluntary shifts of covert attention toward peripheral targets result in a sequence of attention-aligned and attention-opposing microsaccades. In most previous studies the direction of the voluntary shift is signaled by a spatial cue (e.g., a leftwards pointing arrow) that presents the most informative part of the cue (e.g., the arrowhead) in the to-be attended visual field. Here we directly investigated the influence of cue position and tested the hypothesis that microsaccades align with cue position rather than with the attention shift. In a spatial cueing task, we presented the task-relevant part of a symmetric cue either in the to-be attended visual field or in the opposite field. As a result, microsaccades were still weakly related to the covert attention shift; however, they were strongly related to the position of the cue even if that required a movement opposite to the cued attention shift. Moreover, if microsaccades aligned with cue position, we observed stronger cueing effects on manual response times. Our interpretation of the data is supported by numerical simulations of a computational model of microsaccade generation that is based on SC properties, where we explain our findings by separate attentional mechanisms for cue localization and the cued attention shift. We conclude that during cueing of voluntary attention, microsaccades are related to both - the overt attentional selection of the task-relevant part of the cue stimulus and the subsequent covert attention shift.(C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @book{MetzRothe2017, author = {Metz, Anna-Marie and Rothe, Heinz-J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Screening psychischer Arbeitsbelastungen}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-12571-4}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {116}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Dieses Buch zeigt Methoden und Instrumente zur Erfassung und Bewertung von gesundheitsrelevanten Merkmalen von Arbeitssituationen. Damit bietet es die Grundlagen f{\"u}r die Ableitung von arbeitsgestalterischen Maßnahmen und personbezogebnen Interventionen, um eingetretene Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen nachhaltig zu beheben bzw. um diesen vorzubeugen. Die Gesundheitsberichte aller Krankenkassen weisen aus, dass die durch k{\"o}rperliche Belastungen und Arbeitsumweltbedingungen verursachten Erkrankungen von Erwerbst{\"a}tigen r{\"u}ckl{\"a}ufig sind. Zugleich ist eine Zunahme von durch vorwiegend psychische Belastungen verursachten Erkrankungen wie psychosomatische St{\"o}rungen, Depressionen oder Burnout zu verzeichnen. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden im vorliegenden Buch das methodische Vorgehen zur Datenerhebung, deren formale Auswertung sowie die aus den Ergebnissen ableitbaren Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r Maßnahmen diskutiert. Es richtet sich vor allem an jene Experten (Ingenieure, Betriebs{\"a}rzte, Arbeitspsychologen, Sicherheitsfachkr{\"a}fte) die in der betrieblichen Praxis mit der Durchf{\"u}hrung von Gef{\"a}hrdungsanalysen befasst sind.}, language = {de} } @article{MeiserEsser2017, author = {Meiser, Susanne and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Interpersonal Stress Generation-A Girl Problem?}, series = {Journal of early adolescence}, volume = {39}, journal = {Journal of early adolescence}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0272-4316}, doi = {10.1177/0272431617725197}, pages = {41 -- 66}, year = {2017}, abstract = {To provide further insight into stress generation patterns in boys and girls around puberty, this study investigated longitudinal reciprocal relations between depressive symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes, and stress generation, the process by which individuals contribute to the occurrence of stress in interpersonal contexts (e.g., problematic social interactions) or in noninterpersonal contexts (e.g., achievement problems). A community sample of N = 924 German children and early adolescents (51.8\% male) completed depressive symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes measures at T1 and again 20 months later (T2). Stressful life events were reported at T2. Dysfunctional attitudes were unrelated to stress generation. Interpersonal, but not noninterpersonal, dependent stress partially mediated the relationship between initial and later depressive symptoms, with girls being more likely to generate interpersonal stress in response to depressive symptoms. Findings underscore the role of interpersonal stress generation in the early development of depressive symptomatology, and in the gender difference in depression prevalence emerging around puberty.}, language = {en} } @article{MeiserEsser2017, author = {Meiser, Susanne and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {How dysfunctional are dysfunctional attitudes?}, series = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, volume = {41}, journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0147-5916}, doi = {10.1007/s10608-017-9842-0}, pages = {730 -- 744}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In order to clarify further the role of Beck's vulnerability-stress model in the early development of depression, this longitudinal study tested a threshold model of dysfunctional attitudes in children and adolescents. An initially asymptomatic sample of 889 youths aged 9-18 years completed measures of dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms. Twenty months later, participants reported stressful life events and current depressive symptoms. Results support a threshold view of cognitive vulnerability as only dysfunctional attitudes above a certain threshold significantly interacted with life events to predict depressive symptoms. Thus, findings suggest that dysfunctional attitudes must exceed a certain threshold to confer vulnerability to depressive symptomatology in youth. The term "dysfunctional" might therefore only apply to higher levels of the "dysfunctional attitudes" proposed by A. T. Beck. Results also indicate that studies using non-clinical samples may systematically underestimate the effect of dysfunctional attitudes when relying on conventional linear methods.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Meiser2017, author = {Meiser, Susanne}, title = {Wie dysfunktional sind Dysfunktionale Einstellungen?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412483}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {186}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Im kognitiven Vulnerabilit{\"a}ts-Stress-Modell der Depression von A.T. Beck (1967, 1976) spielen dysfunktionale Einstellungen bei der Entstehung von Depression in Folge von erlebtem Stress eine zentrale Rolle. Diese Theorie pr{\"a}gt seit Jahrzehnten die {\"a}tiologische Erforschung der Depression, jedoch ist die Bedeutung dysfunktionaler Einstellungen im Prozess der Entstehung einer Depression insbesondere im Kindes- und Jugendalter nach wie vor unklar. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich einigen in der bisherigen Forschung wenig behandelten Fragen. Diese betreffen u. a. die M{\"o}glichkeit nichtlinearer Effekte dysfunktionaler Einstellungen, Auswirkungen einer Stichprobenselektion, Entwicklungseffekte sowie die Spezifit{\"a}t etwaiger Zusammenh{\"a}nge f{\"u}r eine depressive Symptomatik. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden Daten von zwei Messzeitpunkten der PIER-Studie, eines großangelegten L{\"a}ngsschnittprojekts {\"u}ber Entwicklungsrisiken im Kindes- und Jugendalter, genutzt. Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 9 bis 18 Jahren berichteten zweimal im Abstand von ca. 20 Monaten im Selbstberichtsverfahren {\"u}ber ihre dysfunktionalen Einstellungen, Symptome aus verschiedenen St{\"o}rungsbereichen sowie {\"u}ber eingetretene Lebensereignisse. Die Ergebnisse liefern Evidenz f{\"u}r ein Schwellenmodell, in dem dysfunktionale Einstellungen unabh{\"a}ngig von Alter und Geschlecht nur im h{\"o}heren Auspr{\"a}gungsbereich eine Wirkung als Vulnerabilit{\"a}tsfaktor zeigen, w{\"a}hrend im niedrigen Auspr{\"a}gungsbereich keine Zusammenh{\"a}nge zur sp{\"a}teren Depressivit{\"a}t bestehen. Eine Wirkung als Vulnerabilit{\"a}tsfaktor war zudem nur in der Subgruppe der anf{\"a}nglich weitgehend symptomfreien Kinder und Jugendlichen zu beobachten. Das Schwellenmodell erwies sich als spezifisch f{\"u}r eine depressive Symptomatik, es zeigten sich jedoch auch (teilweise ebenfalls nichtlineare) Effekte dysfunktionaler Einstellungen auf die Entwicklung von Essst{\"o}rungssymptomen und aggressivem Verhalten. Bei 9- bis 13-j{\"a}hrigen Jungen standen dysfunktionale Einstellungen zudem in Zusammenhang mit einer Tendenz, Stress in Leistungskontexten herbeizuf{\"u}hren. Zusammen mit den von Sahyazici-Knaak (2015) berichteten Ergebnissen aus der PIER-Studie weisen die Befunde darauf hin, dass dysfunktionale Einstellungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter - je nach betrachteter Subgruppe - Ursache, Symptom und Konsequenz der Depression darstellen k{\"o}nnen. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit gezeigten nichtlinearen Effekte dysfunktionaler Einstellungen und die Effekte der Stichprobenselektion bieten eine zumindest teilweise Erkl{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die Heterogenit{\"a}t fr{\"u}herer Forschungsergebnisse. Insgesamt lassen sie auf komplexe - und nicht ausschließlich negative - Auswirkungen dysfunktionaler Einstellungen schließen. F{\"u}r eine ad{\"a}quate Beurteilung der „Dysfunktionalit{\"a}t" der von A.T. Beck so betitelten Einstellungen erscheint daher eine Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der betrachteten Personengruppe, der absoluten Auspr{\"a}gungen und der fraglichen Symptomgruppen geboten.}, language = {de} } @misc{MeckelmannPfeiferRauh2017, author = {Meckelmann, Viola and Pfeifer, Caroline and Rauh, Hellgard}, title = {Family relationships in childhood, pubertal timing, and subsequent reproductive strategies among adolescents}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403611}, pages = {22}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The evolutionary theory of socialization of Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper was investigated on the empirical basis of a longitudinal sample of 26 adolescent girls and boys who were born in Berlin during German reunification, as well as their mothers. Consistent with the theory, pubertal timing of the girls (but not of the boys) was predicted by the quality of parental relations in childhood, and pubertal timing of the girls (but not of the boys) was a significant predictor of the age at first intercourse. The results suggest that there are different developmental pathways for girls and boys with respect to the predictions of the evolutionary theory of socialization of Belsky et al. The findings also support the hypothesis that early onset of reproduction and frequent reproduction may be two different aspects of a quantitative reproductive strategy.}, language = {en} } @article{McLoughlinPalmerMakeigetal.2017, author = {McLoughlin, Grainne and Palmer, Jason and Makeig, Scott and Bigdely-Shamlo, Nima and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred and Brandeis, D.}, title = {EEG Source Imaging Indices of Cognitive Control Show Associations with Dopamine System Genes}, series = {Brain Topography}, volume = {31}, journal = {Brain Topography}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0896-0267}, doi = {10.1007/s10548-017-0601-z}, pages = {392 -- 406}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Cognitive or executive control is a critical mental ability, an important marker of mental illness, and among the most heritable of neurocognitive traits. Two candidate genes, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and DRD4, which both have a roles in the regulation of cortical dopamine, have been consistently associated with cognitive control. Here, we predicted that individuals with the COMT Met/Met allele would show improved response execution and inhibition as indexed by event-related potentials in a Go/NoGo task, while individuals with the DRD4 7-repeat allele would show impaired brain activity. We used independent component analysis (ICA) to separate brain source processes contributing to high-density EEG scalp signals recorded during the task. As expected, individuals with the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism had reduced parietal P3 source and scalp responses to response (Go) compared to those without the 7-repeat. Contrary to our expectation, the COMT homozygous Met allele was associated with a smaller frontal P3 source and scalp response to response-inhibition (NoGo) stimuli, suggesting that while more dopamine in frontal cortical areas has advantages in some tasks, it may also compromise response inhibition function. An interaction effect emerged for P3 source responses to Go stimuli. These were reduced in those with both the 7-repeat DRD4 allele and either the COMT Val/Val or the Met/Met homozygous polymorphisms but not in those with the heterozygous Val/Met polymorphism. This epistatic interaction between DRD4 and COMT replicates findings that too little or too much dopamine impairs cognitive control. The anatomic and functional separated maximally independent cortical EEG sources proved more informative than scalp channel measures for genetic studies of brain function and thus better elucidate the complex mechanisms in psychiatric illness.}, language = {en} } @article{MatuschekKliegl2017, author = {Matuschek, Hannes and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {On the ambiguity of interaction and nonlinear main effects in a regime of dependent covariates}, series = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {50}, journal = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1554-351X}, doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0956-9}, pages = {1882 -- 1894}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The analysis of large experimental datasets frequently reveals significant interactions that are difficult to interpret within the theoretical framework guiding the research. Some of these interactions actually arise from the presence of unspecified nonlinear main effects and statistically dependent covariates in the statistical model. Importantly, such nonlinear main effects may be compatible (or, at least, not incompatible) with the current theoretical framework. In the present literature, this issue has only been studied in terms of correlated (linearly dependent) covariates. Here we generalize to nonlinear main effects (i.e., main effects of arbitrary shape) and dependent covariates. We propose a novel nonparametric method to test for ambiguous interactions where present parametric methods fail. We illustrate the method with a set of simulations and with reanalyses (a) of effects of parental education on their children's educational expectations and (b) of effects of word properties on fixation locations during reading of natural sentences, specifically of effects of length and morphological complexity of the word to be fixated next. The resolution of such ambiguities facilitates theoretical progress.}, language = {en} } @article{MassonRabeKliegl2017, author = {Masson, Michael E. J. and Rabe, Maximilian M. and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Modulation of additive and interactive effects by trial history revisited}, series = {Memory \& cognition}, volume = {45}, journal = {Memory \& cognition}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0090-502X}, doi = {10.3758/s13421-016-0666-z}, pages = {480 -- 492}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{MarxHepptHenschel2017, author = {Marx, Alexandra and Heppt, Birgit and Henschel, Sofie}, title = {Listening comprehension of academic and everyday language in first language and second language students}, series = {Applied psycholinguistics : psychological and linguistic studies across languages and learners}, volume = {38}, journal = {Applied psycholinguistics : psychological and linguistic studies across languages and learners}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0142-7164}, doi = {10.1017/S0142716416000333}, pages = {571 -- 600}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Listening comprehension in academic contexts is an important prerequisite for the acquisition of school-related skills. However, the concept of academic language is generally the subject of much debate, and there is no consensus yet on what constitutes academic listening comprehension. To date, it remains unclear whether listening comprehension of academic language may be regarded as a distinct construct. The present study investigates the distinction of academic and everyday listening comprehension in 459 ninth-grade students speaking German as a first language or as a second language. Empirical results provide preliminary evidence that academic listening forms a separate facet of listening comprehension. Contrary to theoretical assumptions, second language students were not particularly disadvantaged in terms of academic listening comprehension.}, language = {en} } @article{MaleszaOstaszewski2017, author = {Malesza, Marta and Ostaszewski, Paweł}, title = {Assessing individual differences in discounting}, series = {Current psychology}, volume = {39}, journal = {Current psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1046-1310}, doi = {10.1007/s12144-017-9754-x}, pages = {207 -- 219}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The purpose of the project was to develop the Discounting Inventory (DI), a measure of individual differences in delay, probability, effort, and social discounting, all related to behavioral impulsivity. Over 400 items relating to four types of discounting were generated. Next, a study followed by a series of psychometric analyses of data obtained from a group of 2843 individuals was conducted. Principal Component Analysis yielded a four-factor structure of data, reflecting the four types of discounting. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed good fit of the four-factor model to data. Through several iterations of retaining and deleting items on the basis of their component loadings, item intercorrelations, and contribution to coefficient alphas, the total number of items was reduced to 48. The final 48-item version of the inventory has satisfactory psychometric characteristics, including Cronbach's alpha and test-retest stability. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the DI and traditional discounting instruments, suggesting that the DI measures a construct similar to the behavioral discounting process. The development of the tool was based on the assumption that discounting is a personality trait. However, the present data suggest that discounting may reflect more a state than trait function.}, language = {en} } @article{LutzKrahe2017, author = {Lutz, Johannes and Krahe, Barbara}, title = {Inducing sadness reduces anger-driven aggressive behavior}, series = {Psychology of violence}, volume = {8}, journal = {Psychology of violence}, number = {3}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {2152-0828}, doi = {10.1037/vio0000167}, pages = {358 -- 366}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: The incompatible response hypothesis states that inducing incompatible emotional states mitigates the effect of situational risk factors on aggressive behavior. The current study extended this approach to situated aggression control to withdrawal-related negative emotions. We proposed that even a negative affective state can be incompatible with aggression if its basic motivational orientation counteracts the approach orientation underlying anger and aggression. Specifically, we predicted that although it is inherently negative, sadness may reduce anger-driven aggressive behavior. Method: An experiment was conducted (N = 149) in which half the participants were angered by means of a frustrating number-sequences task, whereas the other half were asked to engage in a similar but nonfrustrating task. To counteract anger-driven aggressive behavior, sadness was induced in half the participants by asking them to recall a sad personal episode. Participants in the no-sadness group recalled an affectively neutral episode. Finally, participants were asked to choose the difficulty level of the number sequences that would ostensibly be assigned to future participants, with the number of difficult sequences chosen indicating the strength of the aggressive response. Results: As predicted, the induction of sadness buffered anger-related aggressive behavior. Anger translated into aggression in the control condition but not in the sadness condition. The aggression-inhibiting effect of the experience of sadness was found to be driven by the compensating coactivation of anger and sadness. Conclusions: The results support the extension of the incompatible response hypothesis to withdrawal-related negative emotions and shed further light on the underlying processes.}, language = {en} } @article{LazurasBarkoukisLoukovitisetal.2017, author = {Lazuras, Lambros and Barkoukis, Vassilis and Loukovitis, Andreas and Brand, Ralf and Hudson, Andy and Mallia, Luca and Michaelides, Michalis and Muzi, Milena and Petroczi, Andrea and Zelli, Arnaldo}, title = {"I Want It All, and I Want It Now": Lifetime Prevalence and Reasons for Using and Abstaining from Controlled Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAES) among Young Exercisers and Amateur Athletes in Five European Countries}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00717}, pages = {9}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Doping use in recreational sports is an emerging issue that has received limited attention so far in the psychological literature. The present study assessed the lifetime prevalence of controlled performance and appearance enhancing substances ( PAES), and used behavioral reasoning theory to identify the reasons for using and for avoiding using controlled PAES in young exercisers across five European countries, in the context of the "SAFE YOU" Project. Participants were 915 young amateur athletes and exercisers (M = 21.62; SD = 2.62) from Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, and UK who completed an anonymous questionnaire that included measures of self-reported use of controlled PAES, as well as reasons for using and not using controlled PAES. The results of the descriptive analyses demonstrated that almost one out five exercisers in the sample had a previous experience with controlled PAES. Higher prevalence rates were found in Greece and Cyprus and lower in Italy. The most frequently reported reasons for using controlled PAES included achieving the desired results faster; pushing the self to the (physical) limits; and recovering faster after exercise/training. Furthermore, the most frequently reported reasons for not using controlled PAES involved worry about any possible adverse health effects; not feeling the need for using them; and wanting to see what can be achieved naturally without using any controlled PAES. The findings of the present study indicate that the use of controlled PAES is fast becoming a crisis in amateur sports and exercise settings and highlight the need for preventive action and concerted anti-doping education efforts.}, language = {en} } @misc{LaubrockEngbertCajar2017, author = {Laubrock, Jochen and Engbert, Ralf and Cajar, Anke}, title = {Gaze-contingent manipulation of the FVF demonstrates the importance of fixation duration for explaining search behavior}, series = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary}, volume = {40}, journal = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0140-525X}, doi = {10.1017/S0140525X16000145}, pages = {31 -- 32}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Hulleman \& Olivers' (H\&O's) model introduces variation of the functional visual field (FVF) for explaining visual search behavior. Our research shows how the FVF can be studied using gaze-contingent displays and how FVF variation can be implemented in models of gaze control. Contrary to H\&O, we believe that fixation duration is an important factor when modeling visual search behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{LagoSloggettSchlueteretal.2017, author = {Lago, Sol and Sloggett, Shayne and Schl{\"u}ter, Zoe and Chow, Wing Yee and Williams, Alexander and Lau, Ellen and Phillips, Colin}, title = {Coreference and Antecedent Representation Across Languages}, series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, volume = {43}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7393}, doi = {10.1037/xlm0000343}, pages = {795 -- 817}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{KuehneMeindersMohretal.2017, author = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Meinders, C. and Mohr, H. and Hafenbrack, K. and Kieseritzky, K. and Rosenberger, C. and Haerter, M. and Schulz-Kindermann, F. and Klinger, R. and Nestoriuc, A. Y.}, title = {Psychologische Interventionen zur Schmerzreduktion}, series = {Der Schmerz}, volume = {31}, journal = {Der Schmerz}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0932-433X}, doi = {10.1007/s00482-017-0223-0}, pages = {404 -- 404}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Der Leserbrief fokussiert in weiten Teilen auf das Gutachterwesen, weshalb wir ausschließlich auf die inhaltlichen Punkte im Zusammenhang mit unserer Arbeit eingehen. Untersucht wurden schmerzpsychologische Interventionen, wie beschrieben definiert als psychologische Interventionen, deren prim{\"a}res Ziel die Schmerzreduktion war. Die extrahierten Zielgr{\"o}ßen, wie Lebensqualit{\"a}t oder Depressivit{\"a}t, ergaben sich aus den in den Prim{\"a}rstudien untersuchten Hauptoutcomes und nicht aus der Suchstrategie. Zur Einsch{\"a}tzung der methodischen Qualit{\"a}t der Prim{\"a}rstudien konnte ein Kriterium des von Johannsen und Kollegen [2] gebildeten Scores nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden, da die eingeschlossenen Prim{\"a}rstudien keine metaanalytische Zusammenfassung erlaubten. Stellt man dies in Rechnung, bleibt die Vergleichbarkeit beider Werte erhalten. Die Evidenzsynthese erfolgte narrativ in Text- und Tabellenform, d. h. in Form einer strukturierten Zusammenfassung und Diskussion von Studien [1]. Um unsere Arbeit zu fokussieren, h{\"a}tten wir eine weitergehende Gegen{\"u}berstellung wie auch eine {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung von Zitaten und {\"U}bersetzungen selbstverst{\"a}ndlich vorgenommen, wenn wir den Hinweis dazu vor Publikation erhalten h{\"a}tten.}, language = {de} } @misc{KuehneMaasWiesenthaletal.2017, author = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Maas, Jana and Wiesenthal, Sophia and Weck, Florian}, title = {Supervision in der Verhaltenstherapie}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis}, volume = {46}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1616-3443}, doi = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000414}, pages = {73 -- 82}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Theoretischer Hintergrund:Supervision spielt eine zentrale Rolle zum Wissens- und Kompetenzerwerb sowie in der Qualit{\"a}tssicherung. Fragestellung:Ziel war es, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Supervision im Rahmen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie abzubilden, um daraus Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r die zuk{\"u}nftige Forschung abzuleiten. Methode:Zur Evidenzsynthese wurde ein Scoping Review durchgef{\"u}hrt, das die Darstellung zentraler Konzepte, aktueller Evidenz und m{\"o}glicher Forschungsbedarfe erm{\"o}glichte. Neben einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden Vorw{\"a}rts- und R{\"u}ckw{\"a}rtssuchstrategien eingesetzt. Ergebnisse:Eingeschlossen wurden zw{\"o}lf Publikationen basierend auf zehn empirischen Studien. Alle Studien beschrieben Ausbildungssettings, aber nur wenige untersuchten {\"u}bende Interventionen (z. B. Rollenspiele). H{\"a}ufig wurden Effekte subjektiv erfasst, die methodische Qualit{\"a}t der Begleitstudien variierte. Schlussfolgerungen:Notwendig sind weitere methodisch hochwertige Studien, experimentell orientiert oder in der klinischen Praxis, die die Supervisionsforschung bereichern k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @article{KoehlerEggertLorenzetal.2017, author = {K{\"o}hler, Kai and Eggert, Patrick and Lorenz, Sebastian and Herr, Kerstin and Willmund, Gerd and Zimmermann, Peter and Alliger-Horn, Christina}, title = {Effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in German Armed Forces Soldiers with post-traumatic stress disorder under routine inpatient care conditions}, series = {Military medicine : the official journal of AMSUS}, volume = {182}, journal = {Military medicine : the official journal of AMSUS}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0026-4075}, doi = {10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00307}, pages = {E1672 -- E1680}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the more commonly occurring mental disorders following potentially traumatizing events soldiers may encounter when deployed abroad. One of the first-line recommended treatment options is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The number of studies assessing the effectiveness of EMDR in German soldiers under routine conditions is currently almost nil. Methods: A retrospective, quasi-experimental effectiveness study on EMDR in an inpatient setting is presented using a prepost design. The study compares symptom reduction in soldiers (N = 78) with a wait-list (N = 18). Effect sizes of EMDR were measured for PTSD, symptoms of depression, and general mental health. Results: Effect size for EMDR treatment of PTSD was d = 0.77; 95\% confidence interval (CI): 0.51 to 1.36, for symptoms of depression d = 0.99; 95\% CI: 0.31 to 1.36, and for general psychiatric symptoms d = 0.53; 95\% CI: 0.17 to 1.21. The effects resulting from EMDR treatment were somewhat weaker than those reported in comparable studies in civilians. Conclusion: EMDR therapy is an effective treatment to reduce symptoms of PTSD and depression. However, in the military context it needs to be complemented by treatment options that specifically address further conditions perpetuating the disorders.}, language = {en} } @misc{KuhlmannTschornAroltetal.2017, author = {Kuhlmann, Stella L. and Tschorn, Mira and Arolt, Volker and Beer, Katja and Brandt, Julia and Grosse, Laura and Haverkamp, Wilhelm and Mueller-Nordhorn, Jacqueline and Rieckmann, Nina and Waltenberger, Johannes and Warnke, Katharina and Hellweg, Rainer and Stroehle, Andreas}, title = {Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and depressive symptoms in coronary heart disease patients: Role of cognitive functions Reply}, series = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {79}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0306-4530}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.010}, pages = {175 -- 176}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{KrauseBekkeringPrattetal.2017, author = {Krause, Florian and Bekkering, Harold and Pratt, Jay and Lindemann, Oliver}, title = {Interaction between numbers and size during visual search}, series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, volume = {81}, journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0340-0727}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-016-0771-4}, pages = {664 -- 677}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The current study investigates an interaction between numbers and physical size (i.e. size congruity) in visual search. In three experiments, participants had to detect a physically large (or small) target item among physically small (or large) distractors in a search task comprising single-digit numbers. The relative numerical size of the digits was varied, such that the target item was either among the numerically large or small numbers in the search display and the relation between numerical and physical size was either congruent or incongruent. Perceptual differences of the stimuli were controlled by a condition in which participants had to search for a differently coloured target item with the same physical size and by the usage of LCD-style numbers that were matched in visual similarity by shape transformations. The results of all three experiments consistently revealed that detecting a physically large target item is significantly faster when the numerical size of the target item is large as well (congruent), compared to when it is small (incongruent). This novel finding of a size congruity effect in visual search demonstrates an interaction between numerical and physical size in an experimental setting beyond typically used binary comparison tasks, and provides important new evidence for the notion of shared cognitive codes for numbers and sensorimotor magnitudes. Theoretical consequences for recent models on attention, magnitude representation and their interactions are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{KraheBerger2017, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Berger, Anja}, title = {Longitudinal pathways of sexual victimization, sexual self-esteem, and depression in women and men}, series = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy}, volume = {9}, journal = {Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy}, number = {2}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1942-9681}, doi = {10.1037/tra0000198}, pages = {147 -- 155}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: This article presents a longitudinal analysis of the links between sexual assault victimization, depression, and sexual self-esteem by examining their cross-lagged paths among both men and women. Method: Male and female college students (N = 2,425) in Germany participated in the study that comprised 3 data waves in their first, second, and third year of university, separated by 12-month intervals. Sexual assault victimization was assessed at Time 1 (T1) since the age of 14 and at Time 2 (T2) and Time 3 (T3) for the last 12 months. Depression and sexual self-esteem were measured at each wave. Results: Random-intercept cross-lagged panel analyses, controlling for individual differences in depression and sexual self-esteem, showed that sexual assault at T1 predicted depression and lower sexual self-esteem at T2, and depression and lower self-esteem at T2 predicted sexual assault victimization at T3. In addition, significant paths were found from T1 depression to T2 sexual assault victimization and from T2 sexual assault victimization to depression at T3. Sexual victimization at T1 was indirectly linked to sexual victimization at T3 via depression at T2. Both depression and sexual self-esteem at T1 were indirectly linked to sexual victimization at T3. The paths did not differ significantly between men and women. Conclusion: Sexual assault victimization was shown to be a risk factor for both depression as a general mental health indicator and lowered sexual self-esteem as a specific outcome in the domain of sexuality. Moreover, depression and sexual self-esteem increased the vulnerability for sexual assault victimization, which has implications for prevention and intervention efforts. This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers. This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.}, language = {en} } @misc{Krahe2017, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Violence against women}, series = {Current opinion in psychology}, volume = {19}, journal = {Current opinion in psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-250X}, doi = {10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.017}, pages = {6 -- 10}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Violence against women causes suffering and misery to victims and their families and places a heavy burden on societies worldwide. It mostly happens within intimate relationships or between people known to each other. Violence against women is a social construction based on a societal consensus about the roles and rights of men and women. Two prevalent forms of violence against women are physical and sexual victimization by an intimate partner, and sexual victimization outside intimate relationships. Explanations of why men engage in aggressive behavior toward women address different levels, including the macro level of society, the micro level of dyadic interactions, and the individual level of perpetrator characteristics. Prevention efforts are needed that address each of these levels.}, language = {en} } @article{Krahe2017, author = {Krahe, Barbara}, title = {Gendered self-concept and the aggressive expression of driving anger}, series = {Sex roles}, volume = {79}, journal = {Sex roles}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0360-0025}, doi = {10.1007/s11199-017-0853-9}, pages = {98 -- 108}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The aggressive expression of driving anger is a risk factor for aggressive and dangerous driving behavior and is associated with a greater risk of accident involvement. The present study related positive and negative facets of a masculine and feminine self-concept to aggressive and adaptive forms of anger expression while driving. A sample of 417 drivers (194 women, 46.5\%) in Germany completed the Positive-Negative Sex Role Inventory (PN-SRI) as a measure of positive and negative masculinity and femininity and the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) as a measure of driving anger expression. Aggressive forms of expressing driving anger were unrelated to gender but differed significantly in relation to gendered self-concept. Negative but not positive masculinity was found to predict higher aggressive and lower adaptive anger expression. No main effects of positive or negative femininity were found. However, the link between negative masculinity and aggressive anger expression was buffered by positive femininity: Negative masculinity was unrelated to aggressive anger expression when accompanied by positive femininity. Adaptive anger expression showed negative links with negative masculinity and positive links with positive masculinity. The findings held for both men and women and support the theoretical distinction between positive and negative facets of the gendered self-concept. The implications for the conceptualization of both gendered self-concept and anger expression on the road are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{KongLinnikLawetal.2017, author = {Kong, Anthony Pak-Hin and Linnik, Anastasia and Law, Sam-Po and Shum, Waisa Wai-Man}, title = {Measuring discourse coherence in anomic aphasia using Rhetorical Structure Theory}, series = {International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology}, volume = {20}, journal = {International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1754-9507}, doi = {10.1080/17549507.2017.1293158}, pages = {406 -- 421}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Purpose: The existing body of work regarding discourse coherence in aphasia has provided mixed results, leaving the question of coherence being impaired or intact as a result of brain injury unanswered. In this study, discourse coherence in non-brain-damaged (NBD) speakers and speakers with anomic aphasia was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively. Method: Fifteen native speakers of Cantonese with anomic aphasia and 15 NBD participants produced 60 language samples. Elicitation tasks included story-telling induced by a picture series and a procedural description. The samples were annotated for discourse structure in the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) in order to analyse a number of structural parameters. After that 20 naive listeners rated coherence of each sample. Result: Disordered discourse was rated as significantly less coherent. The NBD group demonstrated a higher production fluency than the participants with aphasia and used a richer set of semantic relations to create discourse, particularly in the description of settings, expression of causality, and extent of elaboration. People with aphasia also tended to omit essential information content. Conclusion: Reduced essential information content, lower degree of elaboration, and a larger amount of structural disruptions may have contributed to the reduced overall discourse coherence in speakers with anomic aphasia.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kirsch2017, author = {Kirsch, Fabian}, title = {Intrapersonal risk factors of aggressive behavior in childhood}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407369}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 182}, year = {2017}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aggressive behavior at an early age is linked to a broad range of psychosocial problems in later life. That is why risk factors of the occurrence and the development of aggression have been examined for a long time in psychological science. The present doctoral dissertation aims to expand this research by investigating risk factors in three intrapersonal domains using the prominent social-information processing approach by Crick and Dodge (1994) as a framework model. Anger regulation was examined as an affective, theory of mind as a cognitive, and physical attractiveness as an appearance-related developmental factor of aggression in middle childhood. An additional goal of this work was to develop and validate a behavioral observation assessment of anger regulation as past research lacked in ecologically valid measures of anger regulation that are applicable for longitudinal studies. METHODS: Three empirical studies address the aforementioned intrapersonal risk factors. In each study, data from the PIER-project were used, a three-wave-longitudinal study covering three years with a total sample size of 1,657 children in the age between 6 and 11 years (at the first measurement point). The central constructs were assessed via teacher-reports (aggression), behavioral observation (anger regulation), computer tests (theory of mind), and independent ratings (physical attractiveness). The predictive value of each proposed risk factor for the development of aggressive behavior was examined via structural equation modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The newly developed behavioral observation measure was found to be a reliable and valid tool to assess anger regulation in middle childhood, but limited in capturing a full range of relevant regulation strategies. That might be the reason, why maladaptive anger regulation was not found to function as a risk factor of subsequent aggressive behavior. However, children's deficits in theory of mind and a low level in physical attractiveness significantly predicted later aggression. Problematic peer relationships were identified as underlying the link between low attractiveness and aggression. Thus, fostering children's skills in theory of mind and their ability to call existing beliefs about the nature of more versus less attractive individuals into question may be important starting points for the prevention of aggressive behavior in middle childhood.}, language = {en} } @article{KerrHesselmannRaelingetal.2017, author = {Kerr, James Allen and Hesselmann, Guido and Raeling, Romy and Wartenburger, Isabell and Sterzer, Philipp}, title = {Choice of analysis pathway dramatically affects statistical outcomes in breaking continuous flash suppression}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {7}, journal = {Scientific reports}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-03396-3}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Breaking Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS) has been adopted as an appealing means to study human visual awareness, but the literature is beclouded by inconsistent and contradictory results. Although previous reviews have focused chiefly on design pitfalls and instances of false reasoning, we show in this study that the choice of analysis pathway can have severe effects on the statistical output when applied to bCFS data. Using a representative dataset designed to address a specific controversy in the realm of language processing under bCFS, namely whether psycholinguistic variables affect access to awareness, we present a range of analysis methods based on real instances in the published literature, and indicate how each approach affects the perceived outcome. We provide a summary of published bCFS studies indicating the use of data transformation and trimming, and highlight that more compelling analysis methods are sparsely used in this field. We discuss potential interpretations based on both classical and more complex analyses, to highlight how these differ. We conclude that an adherence to openly available data and analysis pathways could provide a great benefit to this field, so that conclusions can be tested against multiple analyses as standard practices are updated.}, language = {en} } @misc{KemperLutzBaehretal.2017, author = {Kemper, Christoph J. and Lutz, Johannes and B{\"a}hr, Tobias and R{\"u}ddel, Heinz and Hock, Michael}, title = {Construct validity of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 in clinical samples}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403165}, pages = {12}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Using two clinical samples of patients, the presented studies examined the construct validity of the recently revised Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3). Confirmatory factor analyses established a clear three-factor structure that corresponds to the postulated subdivision of the construct into correlated somatic, social, and cognitive components. Participants with different primary clinical diagnoses differed from each other on the ASI-3 subscales in theoretically meaningful ways. Specifically, the ASI-3 successfully discriminated patients with anxiety disorders from patients with nonanxiety disorders. Moreover, patients with panic disorder or agoraphobia manifested more somatic concerns than patients with other anxiety disorders and patients with nonanxiety disorders. Finally, correlations of the ASI-3 scales with other measures of clinical symptoms and negative affect substantiated convergent and discriminant validity. Substantial positive correlations were found between the ASI-3 Somatic Concerns and body vigilance, between Social Concerns and fear of negative evaluation and socially inhibited behavior, and between Cognitive Concerns and depression symptoms, anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and subjective complaints. Moreover, Social Concerns correlated negatively with dominant and intrusive behavior. Results are discussed with respect to the contribution of the ASI-3 to the assessment of anxiety-related disorders.}, language = {en} } @article{KaufmannMaiwaldSchindleretal.2017, author = {Kaufmann, Yvonne Marie and Maiwald, Lisa Marie and Schindler, Svenja and Weck, Florian}, title = {Wie wirkt sich mehrmaliges Kompetenz-Feedback auf psychotherapeutische Behandlungen aus?}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis}, volume = {46}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1616-3443}, doi = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000412}, pages = {96 -- 106}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Theoretischer Hintergrund: Einfl{\"u}sse von therapeutenorientiertem Kompetenz-Feedback in der Psychotherapieausbildung wurden bislang wenig untersucht. Fragestellung: Wie gehen Ausbildungstherapeuten mit Feedback um? Welchen Einfluss hat ein regelm{\"a}ßiges Kompetenz-Feedback auf die Qualit{\"a}t psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen (insbesondere Therapiesitzungen, therapeutische Beziehung, Person des Therapeuten, Supervision)? Methode: Elf Therapeuten wurden mithilfe eines halbstrukturierten Interviewleitfadens befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2015). Ergebnisse: Das auf Basis der Interviews erstellte Kategoriensystem umfasste die Kategorien „Erwartungen an das Feedback", „Wahrnehmung des Feedbacks", „Verarbeitung von und Umgang mit Feedback", „Folgen, Auswirkungen und Ver{\"a}nderungen durch Feedback" sowie „Verbesserungsw{\"u}nsche". Schlussfolgerungen: Therapeuten streben eine Umsetzung des Feedbacks an, welches sich auf die Behandlung, die Supervision, die eigene Person und die therapeutische Beziehung auswirkt.}, language = {de} } @article{JungKraheBusching2017, author = {Jung, Janis and Krahe, Barbara and Busching, Robert}, title = {Differential risk profiles for reactive and proactive aggression}, series = {Social psychology}, volume = {48}, journal = {Social psychology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1864-9335}, doi = {10.1027/1864-9335/a000298}, pages = {71 -- 84}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This two-wave longitudinal study identified configurations of social rejection, affiliation with aggressive peers, and academic failure and examined their predictivity for reactive and proactive aggression in a sample of 1,479 children and adolescents aged between 9 and 19 years. Latent profile analysis yielded three configurations of risk factors, made up of a non-risk group, a risk group scoring high on measures of social rejection (SR), and a risk group scoring high on measures of affiliation with aggressive peers and academic failure (APAF). Latent path analysis revealed that, as predicted, only membership in the SR group at T1 predicted reactive aggression at T2 17 months later. By contrast, only membership in the APAF group at T1 predicted proactive aggression at T2.}, language = {en} } @article{JuangHouBaylessetal.2017, author = {Juang, Linda P. and Hou, Yang and Bayless, Sara Douglass and Kim, Su Yeong}, title = {Time-varying associations of parent-adolescent cultural conflict and youth adjustment among Chinese American families}, series = {Developmental psychology}, volume = {54}, journal = {Developmental psychology}, number = {5}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0012-1649}, doi = {10.1037/dev0000475}, pages = {938 -- 949}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to examine time-varying associations of parent-adolescent cultural conflict with depressive symptoms and grade point average (GPA) among Chinese Americans from ages 11-22. We pooled two independently collected longitudinal data sets (N = 760 at Wave 1) and used time-varying effect modeling (TVEM) to show that the frequency of parent-adolescent conflict increased during early adolescence (12 years), peaked at mid adolescence (16 years), and gradually decreased throughout late adolescence and young adulthood. In general, parent-adolescent conflict was associated with negative adjustment (more depressive symptoms and lower GPA) more strongly during mid-to late-adolescence (15 to 17 years) compared with other developmental periods. These time-varying associations differed slightly by gender, at least for GPA. Our findings provide important developmental knowledge of parent-adolescent conflict for Chinese American youth and suggest that attention to conflict and links to adjustment is especially relevant during mid to late adolescence. Our study also illustrates the usefulness of integrative data analysis and TVEM to investigate how the strength of conflict-adjustment associations might change throughout development.}, language = {en} } @article{JessenFestmanBoxelletal.2017, author = {Jessen, Anna and Festman, Julia and Boxell, Oliver and Felser, Claudia}, title = {Native and non-native speakers' brain responses to filled indirect Object Gaps}, series = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, volume = {46}, journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0090-6905}, doi = {10.1007/s10936-017-9496-9}, pages = {1319 -- 1338}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We examined native and non-native English speakers' processing of indirect object wh-dependencies using a filled-gap paradigm while recording event-related potentials (ERPs). The non-native group was comprised of native German-speaking, proficient non-native speakers of English. Both participant groups showed evidence of linking fronted indirect objects to the subcategorizing verb when this was encountered, reflected in an N400 component. Evidence for continued filler activation beyond the verb was seen only in the non-native group, in the shape of a prolonged left-anterior negativity. Both participant groups showed sensitivity to filled indirect object gaps reflected in a P600 response, which was more pronounced and more globally distributed in our non-native group. Taken together, our results indicate that resolving indirect object dependencies is a two-step process in both native and non-native sentence comprehension, with greater processing cost incurred in non-native compared to native comprehension.}, language = {en} } @article{JapBorleffsMaassen2017, author = {Jap, Bernard A. J. and Borleffs, Elisabeth and Maassen, Ben A. M.}, title = {Towards identifying dyslexia in Standard Indonesian: the development of a reading assessment battery}, series = {Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal}, volume = {30}, journal = {Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0922-4777}, doi = {10.1007/s11145-017-9748-y}, pages = {1729 -- 1751}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{Huttarsch2017, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Huttarsch, Jean-Henri}, title = {Gutes Leben durch gute Arbeit?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408234}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {114}, year = {2017}, abstract = {An der individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Relevanz von Arbeit f{\"u}r das Leben wird nicht gezweifelt, demnach liegt die Erforschung deren Relation im Interesse der Wissenschaft. Diese Arbeit untersucht ein Prozessmodell des Zusammenhangs von bed{\"u}rfnisbefriedigenden Arbeitsmerkmalen und psychologischem Wohlbefinden (Eud{\"a}monie) vermittelt {\"u}ber die Erlebnisvariablen Empowerment, affektives Commitment, Entfremdung und proaktives Verhalten. Dabei baut dieses auf einem Modell der Self-Determination Theory bei der Arbeit auf. An einer Gelegenheitsstichprobe von 172 Erwerbst{\"a}tigen aus dem westlichen Kulturkreis wurden Querschnittsdaten online erhoben und anhand hierarchischer Regressionen und dem PROCESS Makro ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen signifikanten, positiven Einfluss der Arbeitsmerkmale Autonomie und Ganzheitlichkeit auf psychologisches Wohlbefinden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurden die Annahmen {\"u}ber die Mediation dieser Einfl{\"u}sse {\"u}berwiegend gest{\"u}tzt. Hypothesenkonform wurde der Einfluss von Autonomie und Ganzheitlichkeit auf psychologisches Wohlbefinden seriell mediiert {\"u}ber folgende Pfade: (1) Autonomie und Ganzheitlichkeit f{\"u}hrten zu mehr Empowerment, nachfolgend zu weniger Entfremdung und schließlich zu h{\"o}herem psychologischem Wohlbefinden und (2) Autonomie und Ganzheitlichkeit f{\"u}hrten zu mehr Empowerment, nachfolgend zu mehr proaktivem Verhalten und schließlich zu h{\"o}herem psychologischem Wohlbefinden. Die ad-hoc Hypothese {\"u}ber die mediierende Rolle von affektivem Commitment wurde nicht best{\"a}tigt. Post-hoc Testungen von 3fach seriellen Mediationen wiesen jedoch auf einen schwachen indirekten Effekt von Autonomie und Ganzheitlichkeit auf psychologisches Wohlbefinden {\"u}ber Entfremdung, affektives Commitment und nachfolgend Entfremdung oder stattdessen proaktives Verhalten hin. Die Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Kl{\"a}rung der Rolle der Self-Determination Theory als arbeitspsychologisches Modell der Entstehungsprozesse von Wohlbefinden durch Arbeit und erweitert das Wissen um Antezedenzien und Konsequenzen der Konzepte Empowerment, affektives Commitment, Entfremdung und proaktives Verhalten sowie sie deren Erkl{\"a}rbarkeit durch die Self-Determination Theory unterstreicht. Schließlich werden aus den Ergebnissen ableitend verschiedene theoretische Implikationen diskutiert und Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die Gestaltung von Arbeit mit dem Ziel einer besseren, humanistischeren Gesellschaft formuliert.}, language = {de} } @article{HolzBoeckerSchlierBuchmannetal.2017, author = {Holz, Nathalie E. and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Baumeister, Sarah and Plichta, Michael M. and Cattrell, Anna and Schumann, Gunter and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Buitelaar, Jan and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Ventral striatum and amygdala activity as convergence sites for early adversity and conduct disorder}, series = {Frontiers in human neuroscience}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1749-5016}, doi = {10.1093/scan/nsw120}, pages = {261 -- 272}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Childhood family adversity (CFA) increases the risk for conduct disorder (CD) and has been associated with alterations in regions of affective processing like ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala. However, no study so far has demonstrated neural converging effects of CFA and CD in the same sample. At age 25 years, functional MRI data during two affective tasks, i.e. a reward (N = 171) and a face-matching paradigm (N = 181) and anatomical scans (N = 181) were acquired in right-handed currently healthy participants of an epidemiological study followed since birth. CFA during childhood was determined using a standardized parent interview. Disruptive behaviors and CD diagnoses during childhood and adolescence were obtained by diagnostic interview (2-19 years), temperamental reward dependence was assessed by questionnaire (15 and 19 years). CFA predicted increased CD and amygdala volume. Both exposure to CFA and CD were associated with a decreased VS response during reward anticipation and blunted amygdala activity during face-matching. CD mediated the effect of CFA on brain activity. Temperamental reward dependence was negatively correlated with CFA and CD and positively with VS activity. These findings underline the detrimental effects of CFA on the offspring's affective processing and support the importance of early postnatal intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood adversity factors.}, language = {en} } @article{HollKirschRohlfetal.2017, author = {Holl, Anna Katharina and Kirsch, Fabian and Rohlf, Helena L. and Krahe, Barbara and Elsner, Birgit}, title = {Longitudinal reciprocity between theory of mind and aggression in middle childhood}, series = {International Journal of Behavioral Development}, volume = {42}, journal = {International Journal of Behavioral Development}, number = {2}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0165-0254}, doi = {10.1177/0165025417727875}, pages = {257 -- 266}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Theory of mind is one of the most important cognitive factors in social information-processing, and deficits in theory of mind have been linked to aggressive behavior in childhood. The present longitudinal study investigated reciprocal links between theory of mind and two forms of aggression - physical and relational - in middle childhood with three data waves over 3 years. Theory of mind was assessed by participants' responses to cartoons, and physical and relational aggression were assessed through teacher reports in a community sample of 1657 children (mean age at Time 1: 8 years). Structural equation modeling analyses showed that theory of mind was a negative predictor of subsequent physical and relational aggression, both from Time 1 to Time 2 as well as from Time 2 to Time 3. Moreover, relational aggression was a negative predictor of theory of mind from Time 1 to Time 2. There were no significant gender or age differences in the tested pathways. The results suggest that reciprocal and negative longitudinal relations exist between children's theory of mind and aggressive behavior. Our study extends current knowledge about the development of such relations across middle childhood.}, language = {en} } @article{HohmZohselSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Hohm, Erika and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Beeintr{\"a}chtigter Start ins Leben}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000234}, pages = {210 -- 220}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Postpartale Depressionen sind h{\"a}ufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ung{\"u}nstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die fr{\"u}he Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. {\"U}ber die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder M{\"u}tter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver M{\"u}tter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives m{\"u}tterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualit{\"a}t der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.}, language = {de} } @misc{HohmZohselSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Hohm, Erika and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Beeintr{\"a}chtigter Start ins Leben}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {692}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43340}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433406}, pages = {37}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Postpartale Depressionen sind h{\"a}ufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ung{\"u}nstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die fr{\"u}he Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. {\"U}ber die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder M{\"u}tter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver M{\"u}tter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives m{\"u}tterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualit{\"a}t der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.}, language = {de} } @article{HohmLauchtZohseletal.2017, author = {Hohm, Erika and Laucht, Manfred and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Resilienz und Ressourcen im Verlauf der Entwicklung}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000236}, pages = {230 -- 239}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen besch{\"a}ftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines famili{\"a}ren Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen k{\"o}nnen. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven fr{\"u}hen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese sch{\"u}tzen Risikokinder davor, eine ung{\"u}nstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ung{\"u}nstiger „Startbedingungen" positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen erm{\"o}glichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumst{\"a}nden (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverh{\"a}ltnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilit{\"a}t besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern.}, language = {de} } @misc{HohensteinMatuschekKliegl2017, author = {Hohenstein, Sven and Matuschek, Hannes and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Linked linear mixed models: A joint analysis of fixation locations and fixation durations in natural reading}, series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {24}, journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1069-9384}, doi = {10.3758/s13423-016-1138-y}, pages = {637 -- 651}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The complexity of eye-movement control during reading allows measurement of many dependent variables, the most prominent ones being fixation durations and their locations in words. In current practice, either variable may serve as dependent variable or covariate for the other in linear mixed models (LMMs) featuring also psycholinguistic covariates of word recognition and sentence comprehension. Rather than analyzing fixation location and duration with separate LMMs, we propose linking the two according to their sequential dependency. Specifically, we include predicted fixation location (estimated in the first LMM from psycholinguistic covariates) and its associated residual fixation location as covariates in the second, fixation-duration LMM. This linked LMM affords a distinction between direct and indirect effects (mediated through fixation location) of psycholinguistic covariates on fixation durations. Results confirm the robustness of distributed processing in the perceptual span. They also offer a resolution of the paradox of the inverted optimal viewing position (IOVP) effect (i.e., longer fixation durations in the center than at the beginning and end of words) although the opposite (i.e., an OVP effect) is predicted from default assumptions of psycholinguistic processing efficiency: The IOVP effect in fixation durations is due to the residual fixation-location covariate, presumably driven primarily by saccadic error, and the OVP effect (at least the left part of it) is uncovered with the predicted fixation-location covariate, capturing the indirect effects of psycholinguistic covariates. We expect that linked LMMs will be useful for the analysis of other dynamically related multiple outcomes, a conundrum of most psychonomic research.}, language = {en} } @article{HoffmannWarschburger2017, author = {Hoffmann, Svenja and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Weight, shape, and muscularity concerns in male and female adolescents}, series = {The international journal of eating disorders}, volume = {50}, journal = {The international journal of eating disorders}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0276-3478}, doi = {10.1002/eat.22635}, pages = {139 -- 147}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of age and weight status on adolescents' body dissatisfaction and its change over 20 months in a gender-comparing design. The influence of body image concern on eating concern was also investigated. Method: In a prospective study, 675 male and female adolescents aged 12-16 were assessed using self-report questionnaires on weight, shape, muscularity, and eating concerns. Height and weight measurements were taken by trained personnel. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Analyses of latent means revealed more pronounced weight/shape concern in females than males and more pronounced muscularity concern in males than females. Weight/shape concern increased in females over time, whereas muscularity concern remained stable in both genders. Baseline levels of weight/shape concern could be predicted by age and weight status in females and by weight status in males. The only predictor of change in weight/shape concern was weight status in males. Baseline levels of muscularity concern could be predicted by age in females and by weight status in males. Similar effects were found for changes in muscularity concern in both genders. Increases in weight/shape and muscularity concern were associated with more pronounced eating concern. Discussion: The results confirm gender differences in distinctive facets of body image concern and its prediction. The relevance of increase in body image concern in adolescents is underlined by its association with eating concern in both genders. Further explanatory variables for change in body dissatisfaction should be examined in future studies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hoffmann2017, author = {Hoffmann, Lars}, title = {Lehrkr{\"a}fte als Diagnostikerinnen und Diagnostiker}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404584}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {246}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Im Fokus der kumulativen Dissertationsschrift stehen Grundschullehrerinnen und Grundschullehrer in ihrer Rolle als Diagnostikerinnen und Diagnostiker. Exemplarisch werden mit der Einsch{\"a}tzung von Aufgabenschwierigkeiten und der Feststellung von Sprachf{\"o}rderbedarf zwei diagnostische Herausforderungen untersucht, die Lehrkr{\"a}fte an Grundschulen bew{\"a}ltigen m{\"u}ssen. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst drei empirische Teilstudien, die in einem Rahmentext integriert sind, in dem zun{\"a}chst die theoretischen Hintergr{\"u}nde und die empirische Befundlage erl{\"a}utert werden. Hierbei wird auf die diagnostische Kompetenz von Lehrkr{\"a}ften bzw. die Genauigkeit von Lehrerurteilen eingegangen. Ferner wird der Einsatz standardisierter Testinstrumente als wichtiger Bestandteil des diagnostischen Aufgabenfeldes von Lehrkr{\"a}ften charakterisiert. Außerdem werden zentrale Aspekte der Sprachdiagnostik in der Grundschule dargestellt. In Teilstudie 1 (Hoffmann \& B{\"o}hme, 2014b) wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie akkurat Grundschullehrerinnen und -lehrer die Schwierigkeit von Deutsch- und Mathematikaufgaben einsch{\"a}tzen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird untersucht, welche Faktoren mit der {\"U}ber- oder Untersch{\"a}tzung der Schwierigkeit von Aufgaben zusammenh{\"a}ngen. In Teilstudie 2 (Hoffmann \& B{\"o}hme, 2017) wird gepr{\"u}ft, inwiefern die Klassifikationsg{\"u}te von Entschei¬dungen zum sprachlichen F{\"o}rderbedarf mit den hierf{\"u}r genutzten diagnostischen Informationsquellen kovariiert. Der Fokus liegt hierbei vor allem auf der Untersuchung von Effekten des Einsatzes von sprachdiagnostischen Verfahren. Teilstudie 3 (Hoffmann, B{\"o}hme \& Stanat, 2017) untersucht schließlich die Frage, welche diagnostischen Verfahren gegenw{\"a}rtig bundesweit an den Grundschulen zur Feststellung sprachlichen F{\"o}rderbedarfs genutzt werden und ob diese Verfahren etwa testtheoretischen G{\"u}tekriterien gen{\"u}gen. Die zentralen Ergebnisse der Teilstudien werden im Rahmentext zusammen¬gefasst und studien{\"u}bergreifend diskutiert. Hierbei wird auch auf methodische St{\"a}rken und Schw{\"a}chen der drei Beitr{\"a}ge sowie auf Implikationen f{\"u}r die zuk{\"u}nftige Forschung und die schulische Praxis hingewiesen.}, language = {de} }