@phdthesis{Wuelser2006, author = {W{\"u}lser, Marc}, title = {Fehlbeanspruchungen bei personenbezogenen Dienstleistungst{\"a}tigkeiten : eine Mehr-Stichprobenanalyse zur Entstehung von emotionaler Ersch{\"o}pfung, Aversionsgef{\"u}hlen und Distanzierung sowie eine vertiefte Betrachtung der Lehrkr{\"a}ftet{\"a}tigkeit}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11223}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich aus zwei Teilstudien zusammen. In Teilstudie 1 wird die Stabilit{\"a}t eines allgemeinen Modells zu den Zusammenh{\"a}ngen zwischen {\"U}ber- und Unterforderungsmerkmalen, sozialen Belastungen, Anforderungen und organisationalen Ressourcen einerseits sowie den Fehlbeanspruchungen emotionale Ersch{\"o}pfung und Klientenaversion bzw. Distanzierungstendenzen andererseits f{\"u}r personenbezogene Dienstleistungst{\"a}tigkeiten untersucht. Einbezogen wurden {\"A}rztinnen und {\"A}rzte, Pflegende und Mitarbeitende aus dem paramedizinischen Bereich sowie Lehrkr{\"a}fte. Die deutlichsten positiven Zusammenh{\"a}nge zeigen sich zwischen den Belastungen und der emotionalen Ersch{\"o}pfung, wobei f{\"u}r die quantitative {\"U}berforderung die stabilsten Ergebnisse resultieren. Die Belastungen weisen {\"u}ber die emotionale Ersch{\"o}pfung hinaus signifikante Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit aversiven Gef{\"u}hlen gegen Klientinnen und Klienten auf. Hinsichtlich der modellimplizierten Annahmen zu den positiven Zusammenh{\"a}ngen zwischen den Belastungen und der Distanzierung k{\"o}nnen in dieser Untersuchung zwar signifikante Ergebnisse, aber keine {\"u}ber die Stichproben hinweg stabilen Zusammenh{\"a}nge gefunden werden. Die Annahmen zu einem negativen Zusammenhang zwischen den Anforderungen/Ressourcen und der Distanzierung k{\"o}nnen nur f{\"u}r die Anforderungsmerkmale best{\"a}tigt werden. In Teilstudie 2 erfolgte auf der Basis des in Teilstudie 1 entwickelten Arbeitsmodells eine vertiefte Betrachtung der Lehrkr{\"a}ftet{\"a}tigkeit. Dabei wurden sowohl verschiedene Schulsystemebenen einbezogen als auch verschiedene Aufgabentypen unterschieden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auf organisationaler Ebene Gratifikationskrisen und mangelnde kollektive Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen fehlbeanspruchungsrelevant sein k{\"o}nnen. Besonders deutliche Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit den Fehlbeanspruchungen und der Distanzierung zeigen sich f{\"u}r die prim{\"a}raufgabenbezogenen Belastungen. Auch die Reziprozit{\"a}tseinsch{\"a}tzungen in Bezug auf Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Eltern zeigen diesbez{\"u}glich {\"a}hnliche, wenn auch weniger deutliche, Zusammenh{\"a}nge. Die Ergebnisse zu den Personmerkmalen lassen darauf schliessen, dass die Rolle der Person bei der Burnoutentwicklung nicht untersch{\"a}tzt werde sollte. Als praktische Implikationen der Untersuchungsergebnisse werden u.a. Vorschl{\"a}ge f{\"u}r eine St{\"a}rkung der unterrichtsbezogenen und der klassen{\"u}bergreifenden Kooperation, f{\"u}r eine Optimierung der Organisationsstruktur und eine „Professionalisierung" der Organisation sowie f{\"u}r eine weiterf{\"u}hrende Erarbeitung schulhausspezifischer Konzepte und Leitlinien gemacht. Es wird die Frage gestellt, ob die Lehrkr{\"a}ftet{\"a}tigkeit sinnvollerweise als Lebensberuf verstanden werden sollte. Schliesslich wird auf die Bedeutung der Distanzierungsf{\"a}higkeit und der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen der Lehrkr{\"a}fte hingewiesen.}, language = {de} } @article{WyschkonEsser2006, author = {Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Klinische Kinder- und Jugendlichen-Psychologie : Forschungslinien und offene Fragen in den letzten vier Jahren}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{WilhelmOberauer2006, author = {Wilhelm, Oliver and Oberauer, Klaus}, title = {Why are reasoning ability and working memory capacity related to mental speed? An investigation of stimulus- response compatibility in choice reaction time tasks}, doi = {10.1080/09541440500215921}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A study with 114 young adults investigated the correlations of intelligence factors and working-memory capacity with reaction time (RT) tasks. Within two sets of four-choice RT tasks, stimulus-response compatibility was varied over three levels: compatible, incompatible, and arbitrary mappings. Two satisfactory measurement models for the RTs could be established: A general factor model without constraints on the loadings and a nested model with two correlated factors, distinguishing compatible from arbitrary mappings, with constraints on the loadings. Structural models additionally including factors for working memory and intelligence showed that the nested model with correlated factors is superior in fit. Working-memory capacity and fluid intelligence were correlated strongly with the nested factor for the RT tasks with arbitrary mappings, and less with the general RT factor. The results support the hypothesis that working memory is needed to maintain arbitrary bindings between stimulus representations and response representations, and this could explain the correlation of working-memory capacity with speed in choice RT tasks}, language = {en} } @article{Warschburger2006, author = {Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Chronisch k{\"o}rperliche Erkrankungen}, isbn = {978-3-932096-43-3}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Warschburger2006, author = {Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Adipositas}, isbn = {978-3-932096-43-3}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Warschburger2006, author = {Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Psychologisch-psychiatrische Grund- und Folgeerkrankungen}, isbn = {978-3-88616-125-6}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Warschburger2006, author = {Warschburger, Petra}, title = {SEND : Skala zur Erhebung der spezifischen Selbstwirksamkeit von Eltern neurodermitiskranker Vorschulkinder}, isbn = {978-3-8017-2024-7}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Warschburger2006, author = {Warschburger, Petra}, title = {LQ-ND-KJ : Lebensqualit{\"a}t neurodermitiskranker Kinder und Jugendlicher}, isbn = {978-3-8017-2024-7}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Warschburger2006, author = {Warschburger, Petra}, title = {FJK-KJ : Fragebogen zu Juckreizkognitionen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen}, isbn = {978-3-8017-2024-7}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Warschburger2006, author = {Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Gruppentherapeutische Methoden mit Kindern und Jugendlichen}, isbn = {978-3-932096-43-3}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Warschburger2006, author = {Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Bulimia nervosa und Binge Eating Disorder}, isbn = {978-3-932096-43-3}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{VollmeyerRheinberg2006, author = {Vollmeyer, Regina and Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Motivational Effects on self-Regulated learning with different Tasks}, series = {Educational psychology review}, volume = {18}, journal = {Educational psychology review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1040-726X}, doi = {10.1007/s10648-006-9017-0}, pages = {239 -- 253}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In our cognitive motivational process model (Vollmeyer \& Rheinberg, Zeitschrift f{\"u}r P{\"a}dagogische Psychologie, 12:11-23, 1998) we assume that initial motivation affects performance via motivation during learning and learning strategies. These variables are also central for self-regulation theories (e.g., M. Boekaerts, European Psychologist, 1:100-122, 1996). In this article we discuss methods with which the model can be tested. Initial motivation with its four factors challenge, probability of success, interest, and anxiety was measured with the Questionnaire on Current Motivation (QCM; Rheinberg, Vollmeyer, \& Burns, Diagnostica, 47:57-66, 2001). As an indicator for the functional state we assessed flow with the FKS (Rheinberg, Vollmeyer, \& Engeser, Diagnostik von Motivation und Selbstkonzept [Diagnosis of Motivation and Self-Concept], Hogrefe, G{\"o}ttingen, Germany, 261-279, 2003). We also used different tasks, including a linear system, a hypermedia program, and university-level classes. In general, our methods are valid and with them we found support for our model.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Vockenberg2006, author = {Vockenberg, Kerstin}, title = {Updating of representations in working memory}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11767}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The limited capacity of working memory forces people to update its contents continuously. Two aspects of the updating process were investigated in the present experimental series. The first series concerned the question if it is possible to update several representations in parallel. Similar results were obtained for the updating of object features as well as for the updating of whole objects, participants were able to update representations in parallel. The second experimental series addressed the question if working memory representations which were replaced in an updating disappear directly or interfere with the new representations. Evidence for the existence of old representations was found under working memory conditions and under conditions exceeding working memory capacity. These results contradict the hypothesis that working memory contents are protected from proactive interference of long-term memory contents.}, subject = {Aktualisierung}, language = {en} } @article{VianaWackermannFurtadoEsseretal.2006, author = {Viana-Wackermann, Paula C. and Furtado, Erikson F. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Lower P300 amplitude in eight-year-old offspring of alcoholic fathers with a delinquent history}, issn = {0940-1334}, doi = {10.1007/s00406-006-0709-8}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The aim of the present study was to investigate the P300 amplitude as a possible vulnerability marker in children of alcoholic (COA) fathers with and without paternal delinquency. Event-related potentials (ERPs) of 122 children aged 8 years (63 boys, 59 girls) were compared depending on father's alcoholism subtype: 30 COAs without paternal delinquency, 10 COAs with paternal delinquency, and 82 children of non-alcoholic and non-delinquent fathers. ERPs were recorded from Fz, Cz, and Pz, using an auditory oddball paradigm. Sinus tones of 60 dB HL were presented binaurally at 1,000 Hz (standard stimulus) and 2,000 Hz (target stimulus), at a relative frequency ratio of 80:20. Two trial blocks of 250 stimuli each were collected. Results indicated that only COAs with paternal delinquency displayed significant differences from the control group, characterized by reduced P300 amplitude at frontal site and in the second trial block. Thus, the combination of fathers' alcoholism and delinquency was more likely to relate to attenuated P300 amplitude in the offspring than paternal alcoholism alone. Our results suggest that both alcoholic and delinquent family history appear to play a role in P300 amplitude reduction in the offspring.}, language = {en} } @article{ThielRomanoKurthsetal.2006, author = {Thiel, Marco and Romano, Maria Carmen and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Rolfs, Martin and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Twin surrogates to test for complex synchronisation}, doi = {10.1209/epl/i2006-10147-0}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present an approach to generate (multivariate) twin surrogates (TS) based on recurrence properties. This technique generates surrogates which correspond to an independent copy of the underlying system, i.e. they induce a trajectory of the underlying system starting at different initial conditions. We show that these surrogates are well suited to test for complex synchronisation and exemplify this for the paradigmatic system of Rossler oscillators. The proposed test enables to assess the statistical relevance of a synchronisation analysis from passive experiments which are typical in natural systems}, language = {en} } @misc{ThielRomanoKurthsetal.2006, author = {Thiel, Marco and Romano, Maria Carmen and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Rolfs, Martin and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Generating Surrogates from Recurrences}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56906}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this paper we present an approach to recover the dynamics from recurrences of a system and then generate (multivariate) twin surrogate (TS) trajectories. In contrast to other approaches, such as the linear-like surrogates, this technique produces surrogates which correspond to an independent copy of the underlying system, i. e. they induce a trajectory of the underlying system visiting the attractor in a different way. We show that these surrogates are well suited to test for complex synchronization, which makes it possible to systematically assess the reliability of synchronization analyses. We then apply the TS to study binocular fixational movements and find strong indications that the fixational movements of the left and right eye are phase synchronized. This result indicates that there might be one centre only in the brain that produces the fixational movements in both eyes or a close link between two centres.}, language = {en} } @misc{ThielRomanoKurthsetal.2006, author = {Thiel, Marco and Romano, Maria Carmen and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Rolfs, Martin}, title = {Twin Surrogates to Test for Complex Synchronisation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57231}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present an approach to generate (multivariate) twin surrogates (TS) based on recurrence properties. This technique generates surrogates which correspond to an independent copy of the underlying system, i. e. they induce a trajectory of the underlying system starting at different initial conditions. We show that these surrogates are well suited to test for complex synchronisation and exemplify this for the paradigmatic system of R¨ossler oscillators. The proposed test enables to assess the statistical relevance of a synchronisation analysis from passive experiments which are typical in natural systems.}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarz2006, author = {Schwarz, Wolfgang}, title = {On the relation between the redundant signals effect and temporal order judgments: Parametric data and a new model}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Paradigms used to study the time course of the redundant signals effect (RSE; J. O. Miller, 1986) and temporal order judgments (TOJs) share many important similarities and address related questions concerning the time course of sensory processing. The author of this article proposes and tests a new aggregate diffusion-based model to quantitatively explain both the RSE and TOJs and the relationship between them. Parametric data (13 stimulus onset asynchronies) from an experiment with pairs of visual stimuli (626-nm LEDs) confirm that, relative to central signals (3 degrees), peripheral signals (35 degrees) yield slower reaction times, more strongly modulated RSE time-course functions, and flatter TOJ psychometric functions. All of these qualitative features are well captured, even in quantitative detail, by the aggregate diffusion model.}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarz2006, author = {Schwarz, Wolfgang}, title = {On the relationship between the redundant signals effect and temporal order judgments: Parametric data and a new model}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Paradigms used to study the time course of the redundant signals effect (RSE; J. O. Miller, 1986) and temporal order judgments (TOJs) share many important similarities and address related questions concerning the time course of sensory processing. The author of this article proposes and tests a new aggregate diffusion-based model to quantitatively explain both the RSE and TOJs and the relationship between them. Parametric data (13 stimulus onset asynchronies) from an experiment with pairs of visual stimuli (626-nm LEDs) confirm that, relative to central signals (3 degrees), peripheral signals (35 degrees) yield slower reaction times, more strongly modulated RSE time-course functions, and flatter TOJ psychometric functions. All of these qualitative features are well captured, even in quantitative detail, by the aggregate diffusion model}, language = {en} } @article{SchroederKieschke2006, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Eberhard and Kieschke, Ulf}, title = {Bew{\"a}ltigungsmuster im Lehramtsstudium : eine Untersuchung an der Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nster und Potsdam}, isbn = {3- 937786-08-2}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{RomanoThielKurthsetal.2006, author = {Romano, Maria Carmen and Thiel, Marco and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Rolfs, Martin and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Synchronization Analysis and Recurrence in Complex Systems}, isbn = {978-3-527-40623-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{RolfsLaubrockKliegl2006, author = {Rolfs, Martin and Laubrock, Jochen and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Shortening and prolongation of saccade latencies following microsaccades}, doi = {10.1007/s00221-005-0148-1}, year = {2006}, abstract = {When the eyes fixate at a point in a visual scene, small saccades rapidly shift the image on the retina. The effect of these microsaccades on the latency of subsequent large-scale saccades may be twofold. First, microsaccades are associated with an enhancement of visual perception. Their occurrence during saccade target perception could, thus, decrease saccade latencies. Second, microsaccades are likely to indicate activity in fixation-related oculomotor neurons. These represent competitors to saccade-related cells in the interplay of gaze holding and shifting. Consequently, an increase in saccade latencies would be expected after microsaccades. Here, we present evidence for both aspects of microsaccadic impact on saccade latency. In a delayed response task, participants made saccades to visible or memorized targets. First, microsaccade occurrence up to 50 ms before target disappearance correlated with 18 ms (or 8\%) faster saccades to memorized targets. Second, if microsaccades occurred shortly (i.e., < 150 ms) before a saccade was required, mean saccadic reaction time in visual and memory trials was increased by about 40 ms (or 16\%). Hence, microsaccades can have opposite consequences for saccade latencies, pointing at a differential role of these fixational eye movements in the preparation of saccade motor programs}, language = {en} } @misc{RolfsLaubrockKliegl2006, author = {Rolfs, Martin and Laubrock, Jochen and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Shortening and Prolongation of Saccade Latencies Following Microsaccades}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57012}, year = {2006}, abstract = {When the eyes fixate at a point in a visual scene, small saccades rapidly shift the image on the retina. The effect of these microsaccades on the latency of subsequent large-scale saccades may be twofold. First, microsaccades are associated with an enhancement of visual perception. Their occurrence during saccade target perception should, thus, decrease saccade latencies. On the other hand, microsaccades likely indicate activity in fixation-related oculomotor neurons. These represent competitors to saccade-related cells in the interplay of gaze holding and shifting. Consequently, an increase in saccade latencies after microsaccades would be expected. Here, we present evidence for both aspects of microsaccadic impact on saccade latency. In a delayed response task, participants made saccades to visible or memorized targets. First, microsaccade occurrence up to 50 ms before target disappearance correlated with 18 ms (or 8\%) faster saccades to memorized targets. Second, if microsaccades occurred shortly (i.e., < 150 ms) before a saccade was required, saccadic reaction times in visual and memory trials were increased by about 40 ms (or 16\%). Hence, microsaccades can have opposite consequences for saccade latencies, pointing at a differential role of these fixational eye movements in preparation of motor programs.}, language = {en} } @article{RichterEngbertKliegl2006, author = {Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Current advances in SWIFT}, issn = {1389-0417}, doi = {10.1016/j.cogsys.2005.07.003}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Models of eye movement control are very useful for gaining insights into the intricate connections of different cognitive and oculomotor subsystems involved in reading. The SWIFT model (Engbert, Longtin, \& Kliegl (2002). Vision Research, 42, 621 - 636) proposed a unified mechanism to account for all types of eye movement patterns that might be observed in reading behavior. The model is based on the notion of spatially distributed, or parallel, processing of words in a sentence. We present a refined version of SWIFT introducing a letter-based approach that proposes a processing gradient in the shape of a smooth function. We show that SWIFT extents its capabilities by accounting for distributions of landing positions.}, language = {en} } @article{RheinbergTramp2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko and Tramp, Nadine}, title = {Anreizanalyse intensiver Nutzung von Computern in der Freizeit}, issn = {0044-3409}, doi = {10.1026/0044-3409.214.2.97}, year = {2006}, abstract = {What makes computer users spend their free time working with the computer? Are there different types of users and, if so, in what ways do they differ? N = 271 subjects took part in an online survey concerning the incentives for computer use in free time. Selected mailing lists were used to identify highly committed users (A4 3.9 hours of free time a day spent working with computers). The following incentive factors were found for these users: community/ affiliation; sense of competence; flexibility/utility; avoidance of boredom; rebellious tendency to illegality. Depending on their favorite use of the computer, three types of users were found: Purposeful users (58\%), hackers (entering other networks without intention to cause damage) (22\%), and crackers (entering other networks with intention to cause damage) (20\%). There are significant differences in the incentive profiles of these types of users. Hacking and cracking, but not purposeful use, are correlated with flow experience and positive activation. These findings are not representative for all leisure time computer users. They refer to a sample of highly committed users who can be reached in special associations (e.g., relevant student networks, the Chaos Computer Club)}, language = {de} } @misc{RheinbergTramp2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko and Tramp, Nadine}, title = {Anreizanalyse intensiver Freizeitnutzung von Computern : Hacker, Cracker und zweckorientierte Nutzer}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18300}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Was bringt intensive Computernutzer dazu, ihre Freizeit am Rechner zu verbringen, und gibt es hierbei Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Nutzertypen? N = 271 Personen nahmen an einer online Befragung zu Anreizen freizeitlicher Computernutzung teil. Durch ausgew{\"a}hlte Internetverteiler waren gezielt besonders engagierte Computernutzer angesprochen worden (M = 3,9 Freizeitstunden am Rechner pro Tag). F{\"u}r diese Nutzer fanden sich (in der Reihenfolge ihres Gewichtes) folgende Anreizfaktoren: Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit/Gemeinschaft; Kompetenzerleben; Vielseitigkeit/Nutzen; Langeweilevermeidung; rebellische Illegalit{\"a}tstendenz. Gruppiert nach ihren bevorzugten Nutzungsweisen fanden sich drei Nutzertypen: Zweckorientierte Nutzer (58\%), Hacker (= Eindringen in fremde Systeme ohne Sch{\"a}digungsabsicht, 22\%) und Cracker (Eindringen mit Sch{\"a}digungsabsicht, 20\%). Diese Nutzertypen unterschieden sich deutlich in ihrem Anreizprofil. Hacking und Cracking, nicht aber zweckorientierte Nutzungsweisen waren korreliert mit Flow-Erleben und positiver Aktivierung am Rechner. Die Ergebnisse sind nicht repr{\"a}sentativ f{\"u}r alle Freizeitnutzer. Sie beziehen sich auf eine gezielt rekrutierte Stichprobe besonders engagierter Computernutzer, die {\"u}ber spezifische Netzwerke (z. B. relevante Fachschaften, Chaos Computer Club) erreichbar sind.}, language = {de} } @article{Rheinberg2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Motivationsdiagnostik}, isbn = {3-8017-1911-1}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Rheinberg2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Bezugsnorm-Orientierung}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Rheinberg2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Bezugsnormorientierung}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Rheinberg2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Intrinsische Motivation und Flow-Erleben}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Rheinberg2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Motivationstraining und Motivierung}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Rheinberg2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Paradoxe Effekte von Lob und Tadel}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @book{Rheinberg2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Psychologia motywacji}, publisher = {Wydawnictwo WAM}, address = {Krak{\´o}w}, isbn = {83-7318-640-9}, pages = {244 S.}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Polnische Ausgabe von "Motivation" 1. Aufl. 1995, 5. Aufl. 200}, language = {pl} } @book{Rheinberg2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Motivation}, series = {Grundriss der Psychologie}, volume = {555}, journal = {Grundriss der Psychologie}, publisher = {Kohlhammer}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {3-17-019588-3}, pages = {248 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @book{Rheinberg2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Valutare la motivazione : strumenti perl'analisi dei processi motivazionali}, publisher = {il Mulino}, address = {Bologna}, isbn = {978-88-15-11541-6}, pages = {198 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {it} } @misc{Rheinberg2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Intrinsische Motivation und Flow-Erleben}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19558}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Auszug: "Man kann Motivation definieren als die „aktivierende Ausrichtung des momentanen Lebensvollzugs auf einen positiv bewerteten Zielzustand" (Rheinberg, 2002b, S. 17). Definitionen dieser Art sollen den Kern des interessierenden Gegenstandes m{\"o}glichst knapp und hoch verdichtet fassen. Besonderheiten bleiben deshalb zun{\"a}chst unerw{\"a}hnt und m{\"u}ssen dann zus{\"a}tzlich erl{\"a}utert werden. Im jetzigen Fall sind mindestens zwei Zusatzerl{\"a}uterungen erforderlich. (1) Der „positiv bewertete Zielzustand" kann gelegentlich in der Vermeidung oder der Abwehr unerw{\"u}nschter Ereignisse bestehen. Eine solche Meiden-Motivation kann andere Qualit{\"a}ten haben als eine reine Aufsuchungsmotivation. Dieser Punkt wird uns in diesem Kapitel nicht besch{\"a}ftigen. Er wird in den Kapiteln xx behandelt. (2) Der zweite Punkt ist diffiziler und ist Gegenstand dieses Kapitels. Wenn man, wie hier, den Zielzustand zum Ausgangspunkt der Motivationsdefinition macht, so k{\"o}nnte man daraus vorschnell eine Aussage {\"u}ber die Lokalisierung von Anreizen ablesen: Der Zielzustand ist das, was Anreiz besitzt und die zielf{\"u}hrende Aktivit{\"a}t ist lediglich das Instrument, das diesen Zielzustand herbeif{\"u}hrt. Danach w{\"u}rde eine Aktivit{\"a}t ihre Attraktivit{\"a}t aus dem Anreiz der Ergebnisse beziehen, auf die sie abzielt. Eine solche Auffassung findet sich z. B. bei Heckhausen (1977) oder Vroom (1964).}, language = {de} } @misc{Rauh2006, author = {Rauh, Hellgard}, title = {Wyss-Wanner, M., Ein Leben f{\"u}r Kinder: Leben und Werk von Marie Meierhofer, 1909-1998; Dietikon, Juris-Dr. u. Verl., 2000}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Rauh2006, author = {Rauh, Hellgard}, title = {Flexibilit{\"a}t und Bindung im Kindergartenalter}, issn = {0342-7145}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Rauh2006, author = {Rauh, Hellgard}, title = {Die fr{\"u}he Entwicklung der Mutter-Kind-Bindung}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Rauh2006, author = {Rauh, Hellgard}, title = {Plastizit{\"a}t und Umweltbedingungen am Beispiel Trisomier 21}, isbn = {3-8253-8330-X}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{Rauh2006, author = {Rauh, Hellgard}, title = {Ergebnisse der psychologischen Untersuchung zur sozialen Kompetenz der Eltern und zur Entwicklung der Kinder}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{OberauerWeidenfeldHoernig2006, author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Weidenfeld, Andrea and H{\"o}rnig, Robin}, title = {Working memory capacity and the construction of spatial mental models in comprehension and deductive reasoning}, doi = {10.1080/17470210500151717}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We asked 149 high-school students who were pretested for their working memory capacity (WMC) to read spatial descriptions relating to five objects and to evaluate conclusions asserting an unmentioned relationship between two of the objects. Unambiguous descriptions were compatible with a single spatial arrangement, whereas ambiguous descriptions permitted two arrangements; a subset of the ambiguous descriptions still determined the relation asserted in the conclusion, whereas another subset did not. Two groups of participants received different instructions: The deduction group should accept conclusions only if they followed with logical necessity from the description, whereas the comprehension group should accept a conclusion if it agreed with their representation of the arrangement. Self-paced reading times increased on sentences that introduced an ambiguity, replicating previous findings in deductive reasoning experiments. This effect was also found in the comprehension group, casting doubt on the interpretation that people consider multiple possible arrangements online. Responses to conclusions could be modelled by a multinomial processing model with four parameters: the probability of constructing a correct mental model, the probability of detecting an ambiguity, and two guessing parameters. Participants with high and with low WMC differed mainly in the probability of successfully constructing a mental model}, language = {en} } @article{OberauerKliegl2006, author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {A formal model of capacity limits in working memory}, series = {Journal of Memory and Language}, volume = {55}, journal = {Journal of Memory and Language}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0749-596X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.009}, pages = {601 -- 626}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A mathematical model of working-memory capacity limits is proposed on the key assumption of mutual interference between items in working memory. Interference is assumed to arise from overwriting of features shared by these items. The model was fit to time-accuracy data of memory-updating tasks from four experiments using nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) models as a framework. The model gave a good account of the data from a numerical and a spatial task version. The performance pattern in a combination of numerical and spatial updating could be explained by variations in the interference parameter: assuming less feature overlap between contents from different domains than between contents from the same domain, the model can account for double dissociations of content domains in dual-task experiments. Experiment 3 extended this idea to similarity within the verbal domain. The decline of memory accuracy with increasing memory load was steeper with phonologically similar than with dissimilar material, although processing speed was faster for the similar material. The model captured the similarity effects with a higher estimated interference parameter for the similar than for the dissimilar condition. The results are difficult to explain with alternative models, in particular models incorporating time-based decay and models assuming limited resource pools.}, language = {en} } @article{OberauerGoethe2006, author = {Oberauer, Klaus and G{\"o}the, Katrin}, title = {Dual-task effects in working memory : interference between two processing tasks, between two memory demands, and between storage and processing}, doi = {10.1080/09541440500423038}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Two experiments with a working-memory updating task investigated dual-task interference between short-term storage of numerical and spatial material, between execution of a numerical and a spatial updating operation, and between storage and processing. Participants memorised a set of digits and a set of spatial positions, updated elements of both sets by a sequence of operations, and then recalled the final values. In Experiment 1, a single element in each memory set had to be updated several times. There was little interference between storage of the two sets, and between storage and processing, but parallel execution of the two operations was not possible. In Experiment 2, all elements in both memory sets were updated in random order. There was substantial interference between memory for the numerical and the spatial sets, and between storage and processing. Parallel execution of two operations was again not possible. Moreover, trying to do two operations simultaneously resulted in impaired memory of final results. The results support the distinction between the activated part of long-term memory that can hold elements currently not needed for processing, and a more central, capacity-limited part of working memory that provides access to its contents for processing}, language = {en} } @article{Oberauer2006, author = {Oberauer, Klaus}, title = {Reasoning with conditionals: A test of formal models of four theories}, series = {Cognitive psychology}, volume = {53}, journal = {Cognitive psychology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0010-0285}, doi = {10.1016/j.cogpsych.2006.04.001}, pages = {238 -- 283}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The four dominant theories of reasoning from conditionals are translated into formal models: The theory of mental models (Johnson-Laird, P. N., \& Byrne, R. M. J. (2002). Conditionals: a theory of meaning, pragmatics, and inference. Psychological Review, 109, 646-678), the suppositional theory (Evans, J. S. B. T., \& Over, D. E. (2004). If. Oxford: Oxford University Press), a dual-process variant of the model theory (Verschueren, N., Schaeken, W., \& d'Ydewalle, G. (2005). A dual-process specification of causal conditional reasoning. Thinking \& Reasoning, 11, 278-293), and the probabilistic theory (Oaksford, M., Chater, N., \& Larkin, J. (2000). Probabilities and polarity biases in conditional inference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 883-899). The first three theories are formalized as multinomial models. The models are applied to the frequencies of patterns of acceptance or rejection across the four basic inferences modus ponens, acceptance of the consequent, denial of the antecedent, and modus tollens. Model fits are assessed for two large data sets, one representing reasoning with abstract, basic conditionals, the other reflecting reasoning with pseudo-realistic causal and non-causal conditionals. The best account of the data was provided by a modified version of the mental-model theory, augmented by directionality, and by the dual-process model.}, language = {en} } @article{Oberauer2006, author = {Oberauer, Klaus}, title = {Is the focus of attention in working memory expanded through practice?}, doi = {10.1037/0278-7393.32.2.197}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This article reinvestigates the claim by P. Verhaeghen, J. Cerella, and C. Basak (2004) that the focus of attention in working memory can be expanded from 1 to 4 items through practice. Using a modified version of Verhaeghen et al.'s n-back paradigm, Experiments 1 and 3 show that a signature of a one-item focus, the time cost for switching between items in working memory, persists over practice. Verhaeghen et al. reported a shift over practice from a step function to a linear slope of reaction times over set size and argued that it reflects the expansion of the focus. With an improved counterbalancing scheme, a continuously increasing slope was found even without practice in Experiment 2. The results question the hypothesis that the focus is expanded through practice. They are in line with predictions from a model that distinguishes a one-item focus from a direct-access region holding about 4 items}, language = {en} } @article{NuthmannEngbertKliegl2006, author = {Nuthmann, Antje and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Messung von Blickbewegungen}, isbn = {978-3-8017-1846-6}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Mueller2006, author = {M{\"u}ller, Dana}, title = {The representation of numbers in space : a journey along the mental number line}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12949}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The present thesis deals with the mental representation of numbers in space. Generally it is assumed that numbers are mentally represented on a mental number line along which they ordered in a continuous and analogical manner. Dehaene, Bossini and Giraux (1993) found that the mental number line is spatially oriented from left­-to­-right. Using a parity­-judgment task they observed faster left-hand responses for smaller numbers and faster right-hand responses for larger numbers. This effect has been labelled as Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect. The first study of the present thesis deals with the question whether the spatial orientation of the mental number line derives from the writing system participants are adapted to. According to a strong ontogenetic interpretation the SNARC effect should only obtain for effectors closely related to the comprehension and production of written language (hands and eyes). We asked participants to indicate the parity status of digits by pressing a pedal with their left or right foot. In contrast to the strong ontogenetic view we observed a pedal SNARC effect which did not differ from the manual SNARC effect. In the second study we evaluated whether the SNARC effect reflects an association of numbers and extracorporal space or an association of numbers and hands. To do so we varied the spatial arrangement of the response buttons (vertical vs. horizontal) and the instruction (hand­related vs. button­-related). For vertically arranged buttons and a button­related instruction we found a button-­related SNARC effect. In contrast, for a hand-­related instruction we obtained a hand­-related SNARC effect. For horizontally arranged buttons and a hand­related instruction, however, we found a button­related SNARC effect. The results of the first to studies were interpreted in terms of weak ontogenetic view. In the third study we aimed to examine the functional locus of the SNARC effect. We used the psychological refractory period paradigm. In the first experiment participants first indicated the pitch of a tone and then the parity status of a digit (locus­-of-­slack paradigma). In a second experiment the order of stimulus presentation and thus tasks changed (effect­-propagation paradigm). The results led us conclude that the SNARC effect arises while the response is centrally selected. In our fourth study we test for an association of numbers and time. We asked participants to compare two serially presented digits. Participants were faster to compare ascending digit pairs (e.g., 2-­3) than descending pairs (e.g., 3-­2). The pattern of our results was interpreted in terms of forward­associations ("1­-2-­3") as formed by our ubiquitous cognitive routines to count of objects or events.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Moeller2006, author = {M{\"o}ller, Ingrid}, title = {Mediengewalt und Aggression : eine l{\"a}ngsschnittliche Betrachtung des Zusammenhangs am Beispiel des Konsums gewalthaltiger Bildschirmspiele}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7737}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In einer L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurde untersucht, inwieweit sich die regelm{\"a}ßige Besch{\"a}ftigung mit dem Medium der gewalthaltigen Bildschirmspiele auf aggressionsbeg{\"u}nstigende Kognitionen und die Aufrechterhaltung einer aggressiven Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsdisposition auswirkt. Es wurden insgesamt N = 349 M{\"a}dchen und Jungen im Alter von 12 bis 16 Jahren im Abstand von sechs Monaten zweimal zu ihrem Konsum von und der Pr{\"a}ferenz f{\"u}r gewalthaltige Bildschirmspiele sowie zu normativen {\"U}berzeugung bzgl. der Angemessenheit aggressiven Verhaltens in Konfliktsituationen und zur feindseligen Attribution in uneindeutigen Situationen befragt. Geschlecht und Aggressivit{\"a}t wurden als antezedente Variablen des Gewaltspielkonsums ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass zwar sowohl Jungen als auch M{\"a}dchen regelm{\"a}ßig Bildschirmspiele nutzten, sich aber insbesondere die hochaggressiven Jungen zu den Gewaltgenres hingezogen f{\"u}hlten. Die Analyse der querschnittlichen Zusammenh{\"a}nge zu T1 erbrachte, dass der Gewaltspielkonsum erwartungskonform die Akzeptanz physisch-aggressiver Handlungen vorhersagte: Je mehr sie sich mit Kampfspielen besch{\"a}ftigten, desto mehr stimmten Jugendliche physisch-aggressiven Verhaltensweisen als angemessener Reaktion auf einen Konflikt zu. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde dabei durch einen Moderatoreffekt der Aggressivit{\"a}t qualifiziert: Danach stimmten insbesondere diejenigen Jugendlichen, die sich selbst als aggressiv beschrieben und zus{\"a}tzlich viel Gewaltspiele nutzten, den aggressiven Normen zu. Der Einfluss des Medienkonsums auf die Attribution in uneindeutigen sozialen Interaktionen zeigte sich hingegen nur indirekt, fast vollst{\"a}ndig durch die normativen {\"U}berzeugungen vermittelt. Die Analyse der l{\"a}ngsschnittlichen Daten {\"u}ber den Zeitraum eines halben Jahres ergab f{\"u}r M{\"a}dchen und Jungen eine st{\"a}rkere Beeinflussung der Aggressivit{\"a}t durch den Gewaltspielkonsum als umgekehrt der Besch{\"a}ftigung mit dem Medium durch die Pers{\"o}nlichkeit. Auch die aufgrund sozialkognitiver Erkl{\"a}rungsmodelle zur langfristigen Wirkung von Mediengewalt getroffene Annahme, dass eine allm{\"a}hliche Verfestigung aggressiver Tendenzen in der Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsstruktur durch verschiedene Prozesse, wie z.B. die normativen {\"U}berzeugungen vermittelt werden, konnte empirisch mittels Mediationsanalysen gest{\"u}tzt werden.}, subject = {Angewandte Sozialpsychologie}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Meinke2006, author = {Meinke, Anja}, title = {Nikotineffekte auf r{\"a}umliche Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse bei Nichtrauchern}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7659}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Nikotin in den unterschiedlichsten Darreichungsformen verringert bei verschiedenen Spezies im r{\"a}umlichen Hinweisreizparadigma die Kosten invalider Hinweisreize. Welcher Teilprozess genau durch Nikotin beeinflusst wird, ist bislang nicht untersucht worden. Die g{\"a}ngige Interpretation ist, daß Nikotin das Losl{\"o}sen von Aufmerksamkeit von einem bisher beachteten Ort erleichtert. In f{\"u}nf Studien, drei elektrophysiologischen und zwei behavioralen wurden drei m{\"o}gliche Mechanismen der Nikotinwirkung an Nichtrauchern untersucht. Experiment 1 und 2 gingen der Frage nach, ob Nikotin eine Modulation sensorischer gain Kontrolle bewirkt. Dazu wurden ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKP) im Posner-Paradigma erhoben und die Wirkung von Nikotin auf die aufmerksamkeitsassoziierten Komponenten P1 und N1 betrachtet. Nikotin verringerte die Kosten invalider Hinweisreize bei Aufmerksamkeitslenkung durch endogene Hinweisreize, nicht aber bei exogenen Hinweisreizen. Die P1 und N1 Komponenten zeigten sich unbeeinflusst von Nikotin, damit findet also die Annahme einer Wirkung auf sensorische Suppression keine Unterst{\"u}tzung. In Experiment 3 und 4 wurde untersucht, ob Nikotin einen Effekt auf kostentr{\"a}chtige unwillk{\"u}rliche Aufmerksamkeitsverschiebungen, Distraktionen, hat. In Experiment 3 wurden in einem r{\"a}umlichen Daueraufmerksamkeitsparadigma Distraktionen durch deviante Stimulusmerkmale ausgel{\"o}st und die Wirkung von Nikotin auf eine distraktionsassoziierte Komponente des EKP, die P3a, betrachtet. In Experiment 4 wurde in einem Hinweisreizparadigma durch zus{\"a}tzliche Stimuli eine Distraktion ausgel{\"o}st und die Nikotinwirkung auf die Reaktionszeitkosten untersucht. Nikotin zeigte keinen Einfluss auf Distraktionskosten in beiden Studien und auch keine Wirkung auf die P3a Komponente in Experiment 3. In Experiment 4 wurde zus{\"a}tzlich die Wirkung von Nikotin auf das Losl{\"o}sen von Aufmerksamkeit untersucht, indem die Schwierigkeit des Losl{\"o}sens variiert wurde. Auch hier zeigte sich keine Nikotinwirkung. Allerdings konnte in beiden Studien weder die h{\"a}ufig berichtete generelle Reaktionszeitverk{\"u}rzung noch die Verringerung der Kosten invalider Hinweisreize repliziert werden, so dass zum Einen keine Aussage {\"u}ber die Wirkung von Nikotin auf Distraktionen oder den Aufmerksamkeitslosl{\"o}seprozess gemacht werden k{\"o}nnen, zum Anderen sich die Frage stellte, unter welchen Bedingungen Nikotin einen differentiellen Effekt {\"u}berhaupt zeigt. Im letzten Experiment wurde hierzu die H{\"a}ufigkeit der Reaktionsanforderung einerseits und die zeitlichen Aspekte der Aufmerksamkeitslenkung andererseits variiert und der Effekt des Nikotins auf den Validit{\"a}tseffekt, die Reaktionszeitdifferenz zwischen valide und invalide vorhergesagten Zielreizen, betrachtet. Nikotin verringerte bei Individuen, bei denen Aufmerksamkeitslenkung in allen Bedingungen evident war, in der Tendenz den Validit{\"a}tseffekt in der ereignis{\"a}rmsten Bedingung, wenn nur selten willentliche Aufmerksamkeitsausrichtung notwendig war. Dies k{\"o}nnte als Hinweis gedeutet werden, dass Nikotin unter Bedingungen, die große Anforderungen an die Vigilanz stellen, die top-down Zuweisung von Aufmerksamkeitsressourcen unterst{\"u}tzt.}, subject = {Nicotin}, language = {de} } @article{LotzKinder2006, author = {Lotz, Anja and Kinder, Annette}, title = {Transfer in artificial grammar learning : the role of repetition information}, issn = {0278-7393}, doi = {10.1037/0278-7393.32.4.707}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this article, the authors report 2 experiments that investigated the sources of information used in transfer and nontransfer tasks in artificial grammar learning. Multiple regression analyses indicated that 2 types of information about repeating elements were crucial for performance in both tasks: information about the repetition of adjacent elements and information about repetition of elements in the whole item. Similarity of test items to specific training items and chunk information influenced participants' judgments only in nontransfer tasks}, language = {en} } @article{LaubrockKlieglEngbert2006, author = {Laubrock, Jochen and Kliegl, Reinhold and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {SWIFT explorations of age differences in eye movements during reading}, issn = {0149-7634}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.06.013}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Ksienzyk2006, author = {Ksienzyk, Bianca}, title = {Sozial unterst{\"u}tzendes Verhalten im Arbeitskontext}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7634}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Vor dem Hintergrund steigender psychischer Erkrankungen setzt sich die Arbeit damit auseinander, welche M{\"o}glichkeiten bestehen, um die psychische Gesundheit von Mitarbeitern zu f{\"o}rdern. Die Arbeit konzentriert sich auf das Erleben sozialer Unterst{\"u}tzung im Arbeitskontext. Zun{\"a}chst wurde ein diagnostisches Instrument entwickelt, welches das Erleben sozialer Unterst{\"u}tzung im beruflichen Kontext reliabel und valide abzubilden vermag (N=936). Im Mittelpunkt der empirischen Untersuchung stand die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der gesundheitsf{\"o}rderlichen Wirkung sozial unterst{\"u}tzenden Verhaltens bei Lehrern, Feuerwehrbediensteten, Krankenschwestern und Polizisten (N=1.041) unter differentiellem Aspekt. Hauptaugenmerk wurde dabei auf das personenbezogene Merkmal des individuellen Bew{\"a}ltigungsmusters im Beruf gelegt. Auf der Grundlage der gewonnenen Ergebnisse wurde ein Interventionsprogramm f{\"u}r Lehrer zum Zwecke der Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung abgeleitet (N=207), in dem sowohl personen- als auch bedingungsbezogene Elemente kombiniert wurden und welches das berufliche Unterst{\"u}tzungserleben von Schulleitern und Lehrern fokussierte. Es war Ziel der Intervention, das Unterst{\"u}tzungserleben im beruflichen Kontext zu st{\"a}rken und nachhaltige Ver{\"a}nderungen zu initiieren. Ebenso wie in anderen Untersuchungen konnte best{\"a}tigt werden, dass dem Unterst{\"u}tzungserleben im Arbeitskontext eine wichtige Pufferfunktion zukommt. Personen, die sich insbesondere vom Vorgesetzten unterst{\"u}tzt f{\"u}hlen, weisen in den Gesundheitsindikatoren g{\"u}nstigere Werte auf als jene, die aus ihrem beruflichen Umfeld kaum Unterst{\"u}tzung wahrnehmen. Durch die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des individuellen Bew{\"a}ltigungsmusters als personales Merkmal kann zus{\"a}tzliche Kriteriumsvarianz aufgekl{\"a}rt werden. Die Intervention belegt, dass die sinnvolle Kombination von verh{\"a}ltnis- und personbezogenen Elementen Schulen dabei hilft, aus eigener Kraft Ressourcen zu st{\"a}rken und Belastungen abzubauen.}, subject = {Soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung}, language = {de} } @article{KraheAltwasser2006, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Altwasser, Colette}, title = {Changing negative attitudes towards persons with physical disabilities: an experimental intervention}, issn = {1052-9284}, doi = {10.1002/casp.849}, year = {2006}, abstract = {An experimental study was designed and tested to change negative attitudes towards the physically disabled. A pre-post-test intervention was conducted including three conditions: (a) cognitive intervention; (b) cognitive and behavioural intervention involving equal-status contact with the target group; (c) no-intervention control. The sample consisted of 70 ninth grade students. Following baseline assessments of attitudes, attitude change was measured immediately following the intervention and at a follow-up three months post-intervention. The cognitive intervention provided information about physical disability and challenged stereotypic conceptions about the physically disabled. The behavioural intervention consisted of engaging in three paralympic disciplines under the instruction of a group of disabled athletes. The cognitive intervention alone did not result in significant changes in attitudes towards the physically disabled. However, the combined cognitive-behavioural intervention resulted in greater attitude change than the no-intervention condition, both immediately post-intervention and at a three months follow-up. The findings are discussed with regard to models of attitude change through equal-status contact.}, language = {en} } @article{KraheAbrahamScheinbergerOlwig2006, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Abraham, Charles and Scheinberger-Olwig, Renate}, title = {Can safer-sex promotion leaflets change cognitive antecedents of condom use? : an experimental evaluation}, issn = {1359-107X}, year = {2006}, abstract = {An experimental evaluation of a safer sex promotion leaflet was undertaken to assess its capacity to change antecedent cognitions of condom use. The leaflet was identified in a previous study as addressing research-based cognitive antecedents of condom use. A pre-post-test experimental study including three conditions was conducted: (a) presentation of the leaflet; (b) presentation of the leaflet plus incentive for systematic processing; (c) no-leaflet control. The leaflet was evaluated in terms of its capacity to change eight cognitive correlates of condom use identified in a recent meta-analysis. The sample consisted of 230 tenth-grade students. Following baseline assessments, leaflet-induced change was measured immediately following the intervention and at a follow up 4 weeks post-intervention. The target leaflet alone did not result in significant changes in the cognitive antecedents of condom use compared with the control condition. However, in combination with an incentive for systematic processing, the target leaflet had a greater impact on cognitive antecedents than the no-leaflet control condition. The findings are discussed with regard to the development and evaluation of research-based health-promotion materials}, language = {en} } @article{Krahe2006, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Effects of violent pornography}, issn = {0952-8229}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Krahe2006, author = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara}, title = {Sexuelle Aggression}, series = {Handbuch der Sozialpsychologie und Kommunikationspsychologie}, journal = {Handbuch der Sozialpsychologie und Kommunikationspsychologie}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, isbn = {978-3-8017-1844-2}, pages = {226 -- 232}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{KlieglNuthmannEngbert2006, author = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Nuthmann, Antje and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Tracking the mind during reading : the influence of past, present, and future words on fixation durations}, issn = {0096-3445}, doi = {10.1037/0096-3445.135.1.12}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Reading requires the orchestration of visual, attentional, language-related, and oculomotor processing constraints. This study replicates previous effects of frequency, predictability, and length of fixated words on fixation durations in natural reading and demonstrates new effects of these variables related to previous and next words. Results are based on fixation durations recorded from 222 persons, each reading 144 sentences. Such evidence for distributed processing of words across fixation durations challenges psycholinguistic immediacy-of-processing and eye- mind assumptions. Most of the time the mind processes several words in parallel at different perceptual and cognitive levels. Eye movements can help to unravel these processes}, language = {en} } @misc{KlieglNuthmannEngbert2006, author = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Nuthmann, Antje and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Tracking the Mind During Reading: The Influence of Past, Present, and Future Words on Fixation Durations}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57225}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Reading requires the orchestration of visual, attentional, language-related, and oculomotor processing constraints. This study replicates previous effects of frequency, predictability, and length of fixated words on fixation durations in natural reading and demonstrates new effects of these variables related to previous and next words. Results are based on fixation durations recorded from 222 persons, each reading 144 sentences. Such evidence for distributed processing of words across fixation durations challenges psycholinguistic immediacy-of-processing and eye-mind assumptions. Most of the time the mind processes several words in parallel at different perceptual and cognitive levels. Eye movements can help to unravel these processes.}, language = {en} } @article{Kliegl2006, author = {Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Multiple Zeitskalen in den Fixationsbewegungen der Augen}, isbn = {978-3-939818-05-2}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{JahnkeIhle2006, author = {Jahnke, D{\"o}rte and Ihle, Wolfgang}, title = {Substanzmissbrauch : Sucht und Abh{\"a}ngigkeit}, isbn = {978- 3-406-54106-3}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{IhleFrenzelEsser2006, author = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Frenzel, Tom and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Epidemiologie und Verlauf psychischer St{\"o}rungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter}, isbn = {978-3-932096-43-3}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{HoernigWeskottKliegletal.2006, author = {H{\"o}rnig, Robin and Weskott, Thomas and Kliegl, Reinhold and Fanselow, Gisbert}, title = {Word order variation in spatial descriptions with adverbs}, issn = {0090-502X}, doi = {10.3758/BF03193264}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Previous research has shown that in a three-term spatial reasoning task, the second premise of a German premise pair is especially easy to comprehend if (1) the prepositional object rather than the grammatical subject denotes the given entity, and if (2) the term denoting the given entity precedes the term denoting the new entity. Accordingly, the second premise is easiest to comprehend with noncanonical word order-that is, with the prepositional object in preverbal position denoting the given entity (e.g., To the right of the given object is the new subject). This finding is explained in terms of contextual licensing of noncanonical word order. Here, we discuss and tested two alternative accounts of contextual licensing, given-new and partially ordered set relations (Poset). The given-new account claims that noncanonical word order is licensed by the term denoting the given entity preceding the term denoting the new entity. On the Poset account, noncanonical word order is licensed if the preverbal constituent introduces a new entity that stands in a transitive, irreflexive, and asymmetric relation to a given entity. Comprehension times for second premises with spatial adverbs in four different word orders support both accounts of contextual licensing; Poset licensing was stronger than given-new licensing.}, language = {en} } @article{HoernigOberauerWeidenfeld2006, author = {Hoernig, Robin and Oberauer, Klaus and Weidenfeld, Andrea}, title = {Between reasoning}, series = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology}, volume = {59}, journal = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology}, number = {10}, publisher = {SAGE Publishing}, address = {Thousand Oaks, CA}, issn = {1747-0218}, doi = {10.1080/17470210500416151}, pages = {1805 -- 1825}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In two experiments we investigated three-term reasoning with spatial relational assertions using the preposition between as compared to projective prepositions (such as to the left of). For each kind of assertion we distinguish the referent expression (i.e., the grammatical subject) from the relatum expression (i.e., the internal argument of the preposition; e.g., [The hedgehog](referent)_(expression) is to the left of [the frog](relatum)_(expression); [the snake](referent)_(expression) is between [the donkey and the deer](relatum)_(expression)). Previous research has shown that integrating premises with projective prepositions is easier (a) when the relatum expression of the second premise denotes an element already given by the first premise (relatum = given), and (b) when the term denoting a given element precedes the term denoting a new element (given - new). Experiment 1 extended this finding to second premises with the preposition between. In Experiment 2, between figured in the first premise. In this case, participants built an initial preferred model already from the first premise, although such a premise is indeterminate with respect to the array that it describes. Since there is no need left for integrating the second premise, this premise is instead used to verify the initial model and to modify it when necessary. A further investigation of conclusion evaluation times showed that conclusions were evaluated faster when they first mentioned the element that was included most recently into the mental model of the premises. The use of premises with between permitted the separation of recency of model inclusion from recency of appearance of an element in a premise.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Fischer2006, author = {Fischer, Andreas W.}, title = {Beanspruchungsmuster im Pflegeberuf : eine Studie an {\"o}sterreichischem Pflegepersonal im Schnittpunkt von pers{\"o}nlichkeits-, gesundheits- und arbeitspsychologischem Herangehen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7762}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Beanspruchungssituation des Pflegepersonals im Krankenhausbereich. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, mit welchem Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster Pflegepersonen ihren Anforderungen gegen{\"u}bertreten und wie sie {\"u}ber die Art und Weise der pers{\"o}nlichen Auseinandersetzung mit den Anforderungen ihre Beanspruchungsverh{\"a}ltnisse mitgestalten.Den theoretischen Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit bilden salutogenetisch orientierte Ressourcenmodelle, insbesondere Beckers Modell der seelischen Gesundheit (Becker, 1982, 1986). Nach ihm h{\"a}ngt der Gesundheitszustand einer Person davon ab, wie gut es ihr gelingt, externe und interne Anforderungen mithilfe externer und interner Ressourcen zu bew{\"a}ltigen. Hier kn{\"u}pft das in der Arbeit im Mittelpunkt stehende diagnostische Instrument AVEM (Arbeitsbezogenes Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster; Schaarschmidt \& Fischer, 1996, 2001) an, das die Erfassung interner Anforderungen und Ressourcen der Person sowie deren Zuordnung zu 4 Verhaltens- und Erlebensmustern gegen{\"u}ber der Arbeit unter Gesundheits- und Motivationsbezug erm{\"o}glicht.Mit den Hypothesen wird angenommen, dass in Anbetracht der problematischen Arbeitsbedingungen in der Pflege eine Zur{\"u}cknahme im Engagement bzw. eine Schutzhaltung vor nicht gewollten und als unangemessen empfundenen Anforderungen sowie wenig beeinflussbaren Bedingungen im Vordergrund stehen. Dort, wo zumindest partiell gesundheitsf{\"o}rderliche und als herausfordernd erlebte Arbeitsbedingungen anzutreffen sind, sollten g{\"u}nstigere Musterkonstellationen auftreten. Wir vermuteten, dass sich die ung{\"u}nstigen Tendenzen bereits in der Berufsausbildung und in fr{\"u}hen Berufsjahren zeigen. Musterver{\"a}nderungen in gesundheits- und pers{\"o}nlichkeitsf{\"o}rderlicher Hinsicht sollten durch gezielte Intervention herbeigef{\"u}hrt werden k{\"o}nnen. Schließlich nahmen wir an, dass die T{\"a}tigkeit und die mit ihr verbundenen Anforderungen und Ausf{\"u}hrungsbedingungen musterspezifisch wahrgenommen werden.Zur Beantwortung der Fragen werden Ergebnisse aus verschiedenen Quer- und L{\"a}ngsschnittuntersuchungen herangezogen, die in Wiener Spit{\"a}lern und Krankenpflegeschulen, aber auch in deutschen Krankenh{\"a}usern durchgef{\"u}hrt wurden. Zu Vergleichszwecken werden Befunde anderer Berufsgruppen dargestellt. Neben dem AVEM wurden weitere Frageb{\"o}gen zu folgenden Inhalten eingesetzt: Arbeitsbezogene Werte, Erleben von Ressourcen in der Pfleget{\"a}tigkeit, Belastungserleben und Objektive Merkmale der Arbeitst{\"a}tigkeit.Die Ergebnisse best{\"a}tigen die Hypothesen in allen wesentlichen Punkten. Im Vergleich mit anderen Berufsgruppen fallen f{\"u}r die Pflegekr{\"a}fte deutliche Einschr{\"a}nkungen im Arbeitsengagement auf. In Bezug auf die gesundheitlichen Risikomuster nimmt das Pflegepersonal eine Mittelstellung ein. Die Musterdifferenzierung in der Pflegepopulation l{\"a}sst die st{\"a}rksten Unterschiede in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der Position erkennen: Je h{\"o}her die Position, desto gr{\"o}ßer ist der Anteil des Gesundheitsmusters und desto geringer ist die Resignationstendenz. Die meisten Risikomuster zeigen sich bei den Pflegekr{\"a}ften mit der niedrigsten Qualifikation. F{\"u}r Pflegesch{\"u}ler ist ein zeitweiliges starkes Auftreten von resignativen Verhaltens- und Erlebensweisen sowie eine kontinuierliche Abnahme des Engagements kennzeichnend. Dieser Trend setzt sich nach Aufnahme der Berufst{\"a}tigkeit fort. Nur gezielte intensive personenorientierte Interventionen erwiesen sich als geeignet, Musterver{\"a}nderungen in gesundheits- und pers{\"o}nlichkeitsf{\"o}rderlicher Hinsicht zu erreichen. Die T{\"a}tigkeit und die mit ihr verbundenen Anforderungen und Ausf{\"u}hrungsbedingungen werden musterspezifisch wahrgenommen, wobei Personen mit eingeschr{\"a}nktem Engagement bzw. mit einer Resignationstendenz wesentliche T{\"a}tigkeitsmerkmale, denen pers{\"o}nlichkeits- und gesundheitsf{\"o}rderliche Wirkung zugesprochen wird, f{\"u}r sich als wenig wichtig beurteilen und sich mehr Defizite im Verhalten gegen{\"u}ber Patienten bescheinigen.Die Ergebnisse verweisen darauf, dass im Pflegeberuf vor allem die Zur{\"u}ckhaltung im Engagement Anlass f{\"u}r eine kritische Betrachtung sein muss. Das Problem "Burnout" stellt sich in seiner Bedeutung relativiert dar. G{\"u}nstigere Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r die Aufrechterhaltung und F{\"o}rderung der Gesundheit bestehen dort, wo im konkreten Arbeitsfeld ein erweiterter T{\"a}tigkeits- und Handlungsspielraum sowie mehr Verantwortung vorliegen. Diese Befunde stehen in Einklang mit arbeitspsychologischen Ressourcenmodellen. Die Befunde zu den Pflegesch{\"u}lern verweisen auf teilweise ung{\"u}nstige Eignungsvoraussetzungen der Auszubildenden und legen nahe, die Angemessenheit der Anforderungen in den Krankenpflegeschulen zu hinterfragen. Hinsichtlich der M{\"o}glichkeiten der Ver{\"a}nderung der Muster in gesundheits- und motivationsdienlicher Weise brachten die Ergebnisse zum Ausdruck, dass verhaltensbezogenen Maßnahmen ohne gleichzeitige bedingungsbezogene Interventionen wenig Erfolg beschieden ist. Mit Blick auf die musterspezifische Wahrnehmung der T{\"a}tigkeit und der mit ihr verbundenen Anforderungen und Ausf{\"u}hrungsbedingungen ist schließlich grunds{\"a}tzlich festzuhalten, dass arbeitspsychologische Konzepte, die hohen bzw. komplexen Anforderungen und umfangreichen Freiheitsgraden in der Arbeit grunds{\"a}tzlich pers{\"o}nlichkeits- und gesundheitsf{\"o}rderliche Wirkungen zuschreiben, einer Relativierung durch eine differentielle Perspektive bed{\"u}rfen. Die vorgefundene Interaktion von Pers{\"o}nlichkeit und Arbeitsbedingungen hat zur Konsequenz, dass Verhaltens- und Verh{\"a}ltnispr{\"a}vention in untrennbarem Zusammenhang gesehen werden sollten.}, subject = {Beanspruchung}, language = {de} } @article{EsserLangeWyschkon2006, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Lange, Sabine and Wyschkon, Anne}, title = {Bausteine der Diagnostik : Multimethodale Diagnostik}, isbn = {978-3-932096-43-3}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{EsserLange2006, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Lange, Sabine}, title = {Unbeschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rung des Lesens und Rechtschreibens}, isbn = {978- 3-406-54106-3}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{EsserLange2006, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Lange, Sabine}, title = {Verhaltensdiagnostik in der Verhaltenstherapie}, isbn = {978-3-932096-43-3}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{EsserFreybergerHoffmannetal.2006, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Freyberger, H. J. and Hoffmann, S. O. and Hoyer, J. and Richter, R. and Harfst, T.}, title = {Anpassung der Psychotherapie-Richtlinien zur Zulassung psychotherapeutischer Verfahren und Methoden}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{EsserBallaschk2006, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ballaschk, Katja}, title = {Verhaltenstherapie und Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie}, isbn = {978- 3-406-54106-3}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{EngeserWendlandRheinberg2006, author = {Engeser, Stefan H. and Wendland, Mirko and Rheinberg, Falko}, title = {Nonconscious activation of behavioral goals, a methodologically refined replication}, issn = {0033-2941}, doi = {10.2466/Pro.99.3.963-970}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{EngbertMergenthaler2006, author = {Engbert, Ralf and Mergenthaler, Konstantin}, title = {Microsaccades are triggered by low retinal image slip}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0509557103}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Even during visual fixation of a stationary target, our eyes perform rather erratic miniature movements, which represent a random walk. These "fixational" eye movements counteract perceptual fading, a consequence of fast adaptation of the retinal receptor systems to constant input. The most important contribution to fixational eye movements is produced by microsaccades; however, a specific function of microsaccades only recently has been found. Here we show that the occurrence of microsaccades is correlated with low retinal image slip approximate to 200 ms before microsaccade onset. This result suggests that microsaccades are triggered dynamically, in contrast to the current view that microsaccades are randomly distributed in time characterized by their rate-of-occurrence of 1 to 2 per second. As a result of the dynamic triggering mechanism, individual microsaccade rate can be predicted by the fractal dimension of trajectories. Finally, we propose a minimal computational model for the dynamic triggering of microsaccades}, language = {en} } @article{Engbert2006, author = {Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Flick-induced flips in perception}, issn = {0896-6273}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2006.01.005}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Microsaccades are miniature eye movements produced involuntarily during visual fixation of stationary objects. Since their first description more than 40 years ago, the role of microsaccades in vision has been controversial. In this issue, Martinez-Conde and colleagues present a solution to the long-standing research problem connecting this basic oculomotor function to visual perception, by showing that microsaccades may control peripheral vision during visual fixation by inducing flips in bistable peripheral percepts in head-unrestrained viewing. Their study provides new insight into the functional connectivity between oculomotor function and visual perception}, language = {en} } @article{DeBleserSchwarzBurchert2006, author = {De Bleser, Ria and Schwarz, Wolfgang and Burchert, Frank}, title = {Quantitative neurosyntactic analyses : the final word?}, issn = {0093-934X}, doi = {10.1016/j.bandl.2005.06.010}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{DambacherKlieglHofmannetal.2006, author = {Dambacher, Michael and Kliegl, Reinhold and Hofmann, Markus and Jacobs, Arthur M.}, title = {Frequency and predictability effects on event-related potentials during reading}, issn = {0006-8993}, doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.010}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Effects of frequency, predictability, and position of words on event-related potentials were assessed during word-by-word sentence reading in 48 subjects in an early and in a late time window corresponding to P200 and N400. Repeated measures multiple regression analyses revealed a P200 effect in the high-frequency range also the P200 was larger on words at the beginning and end of sentences than on words in the middle of sentences (i.e., a quadratic effect of word position). Predictability strongly affected the N400 component; the effect was stronger for low than for high- frequency words. The P200 frequency effect indicates that high-frequency words are lexically accessed very fast, independent of context information. Effects on the N400 suggest that predictability strongly moderates the late access especially of low-frequency words. Thus, contextual facilitation on the N400 appears to reflect both lexical and post- lexical stages of word recognition, questioning a strict classification into lexical and post-lexical processes.}, language = {en} } @article{CliftonFanselowFrazier2006, author = {Clifton, Charles and Fanselow, Gisbert and Frazier, Lyn}, title = {Amnestying superiority violations : processing multiple questions}, issn = {0024-3892}, doi = {10.1162/002438906775321139}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Two experiments investigated the acceptability of multiple questions. As expected, sentences violating the Superiority Condition were accepted less often than sentences obeying it. The status of the Superiority violations was not improved by the addition of a third wh, regardless of whether the third wh was an adjunct or an argument, though it was improved by the addition of a second question (e.g., and when). Further, in a small pilot study directly comparing a sentence with adjacent final wh-phrases that may induce a stress clash (I'd like to know who hid it where when) with a sentence violating Superiority but avoiding the final adjacent wh-phrases (I'd like to know where who hid it when), half the participants indicated that the Superiority violation sentence sounded better. This suggests that the status of some additional-wh sentences may appear to improve simply because the comparison sentence with adjacent final wh-phrases is degraded. Overall, the results of the studies suggest that there is no need to complicate syntactic theory to account for the additional-wh effect, because there is no general additional-wh effect}, language = {en} } @book{CeglarekWulschFrenzeletal.2006, author = {Ceglarek, Petra and Wulsch, Iris and Frenzel, Tom and Ihle, Wolfgang}, title = {Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung in Brandenburger Kindertagesst{\"a}tten : eine Bestandsaufnahme}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-939469-50-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13105}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {112}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Theoretischer Hintergrund: Eine fr{\"u}hzeitige Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung wird als wesentliches Bestimmungsst{\"u}ck zur Pr{\"a}vention k{\"o}rperlicher und psychischer Erkrankungen angesehen. Als ideales Setting f{\"u}r eine gezielte Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung wird der Lebensraum Kita angesehen. Fragestellungen: Welche Aktivit{\"a}ten zur Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung gibt es bisher in den Brandenburger Kitas? Spielt hier die Bildungsn{\"a}he/-ferne der betreuten Kinder eine Rolle? In welchen Bereichen gibt es den gr{\"o}ßten Fort- und Weiterbildungsbedarf der Mitarbeiterinnen? Methode: Untersuchung einer Stichprobe von 269 Brandenburger Kitas mit insgesamt 21 653 betreuten Kindern. Erfassung struktureller Rahmenbedingungen, p{\"a}dagogischer Konzepte, Aktivit{\"a}ten zur Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung, Partizipation und Fortbildungsbedarf. Ergebnisse: Es zeigte sich eine nachhaltige Umsetzung von Aktivit{\"a}ten und große Kreativit{\"a}t. Dabei standen vor allem Angebote der Bereiche Bewegung und Ern{\"a}hrung im Zentrum. Psychosoziale Themen wurden seltener als Schwerpunkt benannt, wohingegen hierf{\"u}r der gr{\"o}ßte Fortbildungbedarf (Ranking der Fortbildungsthemen: 1. Psychosoziale Entwicklung, 2. Psychische Probleme, 3. Stressbew{\"a}ltigung) vorlag.}, language = {de} } @article{BrommeRheinbergMinseletal.2006, author = {Bromme, Rainer and Rheinberg, Falko and Minsel, Beate and Winteler, Adi and Weidenmann, Bernd}, title = {Die Erziehenden und Lehrenden}, isbn = {978-3-621-27564-4}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Bieneck2006, author = {Bieneck, Steffen}, title = {Soziale Informationsverarbeitung in der juristischen Urteilsfindung : experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Ankerheuristik}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7843}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Heuristiken der Urteilsbildung umfassen bottom-up bzw. schemagesteuerte Strategien innerhalb der sozialen Informationsverarbeitung, mit deren Hilfe trotz unsicherer Datenlage hinreichend genaue Urteile gef{\"a}llt werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Anker- und Anpassungsheuristik als eine Form solcher Faustregeln beschreibt im Wesentlichen die Wirkung von vorgegebenen Zahlen (den so genannten Ankerwerten) auf numerische Sch{\"a}tzungen. Urteile unter Unsicherheit sind zum Beispiel im Bereich der Rechtsprechung zu beobachten, wobei die Entscheidungsprozesse hier eher normativ auf der Basis der vorliegenden Informationen, d.h. einer datengesteuerten Verarbeitung, erfolgen sollten. In einer Serie von drei Experimenten wurde die Ankerheuristik auf den Bereich der Rechtsprechung {\"u}bertragen. Mit Hilfe der Vignettentechnik wurden N = 229 Rechtsreferendare sowie N = 600 Studierende der Rechtswissenschaften zu ihrem Strafverhalten befragt. Im Mittelpunkt standen drei Zielsetzungen: (1) die Replikation und Erweiterung der Ankereffekts in Bezug auf eine gr{\"o}ßere Gruppe von Deliktarten; (2) die Analyse individueller Unterschiede in der Ankernutzung unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung verschiedener Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsvariablen (Need for Cognition und Need for Cognitive Closure) sowie (3) die Anregung zu verst{\"a}rkter systematischer Informationsverarbeitung durch die Indizierung einer Genauigkeitsmotivation. Der Ankereffekt in der juristischen Urteilsfindung konnte f{\"u}r die verschiedenen Deliktgruppen repliziert werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die wahrgenommene Schwere der geschilderten Taten mit dem Strafmaß korrelierte. Dieser Zusammenhang wurde durch die Einf{\"u}hrung von Ankerwerten deutlich reduziert. Entgegen den bisherigen Untersuchungen war zwar auch bei den Rechtsreferendaren ein Ankereffekt zu beobachten, der jedoch geringer ausfiel als bei den Studierenden der Rechtswissenschaften. Im Hinblick auf die Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmale konnte die Erwartung best{\"a}tigt werden, dass ein geringes Kognitionsbed{\"u}rfnis sowie ein hohes Geschlossenheitsbed{\"u}rfnis mit h{\"o}herer Anf{\"a}lligkeit f{\"u}r die Ankerheuristik einhergehen. Die Erzeugung eines Rechtfertigungsdrucks dagegen veranlasste die Probanden, sich intensiver mit den Materialien zu besch{\"a}ftigen und eher datengeleitet vorzugehen. Implikationen f{\"u}r die juristische Praxis werden diskutiert.}, subject = {Soziale Wahrnehmung}, language = {de} } @article{BauerStammVirnichetal.2006, author = {Bauer, Joachim and Stamm, Axel and Virnich, Katharina and Wissing, Karen and M{\"u}ller, Udo and Wirsching, Michael and Schaarschmidt, Uwe}, title = {Correlation between burnout syndrome and psychological and psychosomatic symptoms among teachers}, issn = {0340-0131}, doi = {10.1007/s00420-005-0050-y}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Objectives: Psychosomatic disorders and symptoms that correlate with the so-called burnout syndrome turned out to be the main cause of increasing rates of premature retirement of school teachers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between occupational burden and psychological strain of teachers who are still in work. Methods: A sample of 408 teachers at ten grammar schools (am: High school; German: Gymnasium) in south-western Germany was evaluated. To determine the styles of coping with occupational burden we used the measure of coping capacity questionnaire (MECCA). To analyse the psychopathological and psychosomatic symptom load we applied SCL 90 R questionnaire. Results: According to the MECCA questionnaire, 32.5\% of the sample suffered from burnout (type B), 17.7\% suffered severe strain (type A), 35.9\% showed an unambitious (type S) and 13.8\% showed a healthy-ambitious coping style (type G). Burnout was significantly higher among women, divorced teachers and teachers working part-time. As part of the MECCA, teachers were asked to rate what they regarded as the strongest factor resulting in occupational burden. Teachers indicated that, besides high numbers of pupils in one class, they regarded destructive and aggressive behaviour of pupils as the primary stress factor. According to the SCL 90 R, 20\% of the sample showed a severe degree (defined as > 70 points in the SCL90R GSI) of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. MECCA type B (burnout) correlated significantly with high psychological and psychosomatic symptom load according to the SCL90R. Conclusions: In school teachers, burnout syndrome, a construct that derived from occupational psychology and occupational medicine, is significantly correlated with psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. Teachers rate destructive and aggressive behaviour of pupils as the primary stress factor.}, language = {en} } @article{OPUS4-12593, title = {Die erweiterte Vorsorgeuntersuchung (EVU) : eine entwicklungsneurologische Erg{\"a}nzung zur p{\"a}diatrischen Vorsorge bei U4 bis U9}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Die Arbeitsgruppe berichtete an dieser Stelle bereits fr{\"u}her {\"u}ber die ersten Ergebnisse ihrer Arbeit zur entwicklungsneurologischen und - psychologischen Erg{\"a}nzung der Vorsorgeuntersuchung f{\"u}r U 4 bis U 9 (Melchers et al. 2000). Da dieser Werkstattbericht große Resonanz ausl{\"o}ste, soll hier {\"u}ber das Ergebnis der Arbeiten und die ersten Erfahrungen zur Anwendung in der Praxis berichtet werden. Zwischenzeitlich konnte die Normierung auf der Grundlage einer Feldstichprobe von insgesamt 1743 Kindern aus dem gesamten Bundesgebiet abgeschlossen werden. In Verbindung mit der Standardisierung von Untersuchungsmaterial und Durchf{\"u}hrungsanweisungen sowie Auswertungs- und Interpretationsrichtlinien steht f{\"u}r die kinder{\"a}rztliche Praxis jetzt ein Screeninstrument zur Verf{\"u}gung, mit dessen Hilfe die Erfassung und Beurteilung von drohenden und manifesten Retardierungen m{\"o}glich ist. Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse der Gesamtstudie auszugsweise dargestellt.}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-1195, title = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632 - Vol. 5}, editor = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Schmitz, Michaela and Schwarz, Anne}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1866-4725}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13047}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {221}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this paper we compare the behaviour of adverbs of frequency (de Swart 1993) like usually with the behaviour of adverbs of quantity like for the most part in sentences that contain plural definites. We show that sentences containing the former type of Q-adverb evidence that Quantificational Variability Effects (Berman 1991) come about as an indirect effect of quantification over situations: in order for quantificational variability readings to arise, these sentences have to obey two newly observed constraints that clearly set them apart from sentences containing corresponding quantificational DPs, and that can plausibly be explained under the assumption that quantification over (the atomic parts of) complex situations is involved. Concerning sentences with the latter type of Q-adverb, on the other hand, such evidence is lacking: with respect to the constraints just mentioned, they behave like sentences that contain corresponding quantificational DPs. We take this as evidence that Q-adverbs like for the most part do not quantify over the atomic parts of sum eventualities in the cases under discussion (as claimed by Nakanishi and Romero (2004)), but rather over the atomic parts of the respective sum individuals.}, language = {en} }