@article{LibudaStimmingMeschetal.2014,
  author    = {Libuda, Lars and Stimming, Madlen and Mesch, Christina and Warschburger, Petra and Kalhoff, Hermann and Koletzko, Berthold Viktor and Kersting, Mathilde},
  title     = {Frequencies and demographic determinants of breastfeeding and DHA supplementation in a nationwide sample of mothers in Germany},
  series = {European journal of nutrition},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {European journal of nutrition},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1436-6207},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00394-013-0633-4},
  pages     = {1335 -- 1344},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Data derived from a nationwide consumer survey of 986 mothers with children between 5 and 36 months of age in Germany. 78.3 \% reported that they ever breastfed their children, and 55.6 \% of the mothers exclusively breastfed for at least 4 months. Mothers who did not breastfeed were less likely to be informed by their paediatrician or midwife and were more often not informed at all; 27.8 \% of mothers used DHA supplements during pregnancy, 16.8 \% postnatal. DHA supplementation was more common in women with a high versus a low fish intake. The social status was the major determinant of breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity and also DHA supplementation. Breastfeeding initiation and duration of exclusive breastfeeding in Germany need to be improved. Professional counselling and support, with a focus on mothers from lower social classes, appears necessary to increase current rates of breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusiveness, but also to ensure a sufficient supply with DHA in pregnant and lactating women, particularly in women with low fish consumption.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LibudaMeschStimmingetal.2016,
  author    = {Libuda, Lars and Mesch, Christina M. and Stimming, Madlen and Demmelmair, Hans and Koletzko, Berthold and Warschburger, Petra and Blanke, Katharina and Reischl, Eva and Kalhoff, Hermann and Kersting, Mathilde},
  title     = {Fatty acid supply with complementary foods and LC-PUFA status in healthy infants: results of a randomised controlled trial},
  series = {European journal of nutrition},
  volume    = {55},
  journal   = {European journal of nutrition},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1436-6207},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00394-015-0982-2},
  pages     = {1633 -- 1644},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Purpose Introduction of complementary food usually leads to decreasing intakes of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), compared to full breast-feeding. In the randomised controlled PINGU intervention trial, we tested the effects of complementary foods with different contents of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on term infant LC-PUFA status. Methods Healthy infants born at term were randomised to receive from the introduction of complementary feeding at the age of 4 to 6 months until age of 10 months ready-made complementary meals either with ALA-rich rapeseed oil (intervention group (IG)-R), with salmon twice weekly to provide preformed DHA (IG-F), or with linoleic acid-rich corn oil (control group, CG). Fatty acid composition was assessed in erythrocyte (RBC) and plasma glycerophospholipids. Results Complete data of fatty acids in RBC (plasma) were available from 158 (155) infants. After intervention, infants assigned to IG-F showed higher RBC and plasma percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA, and total n-3 LC-PUFA than CG (each p < 0.001). In IG-R, levels of ALA and the ratio of ALA to LA in plasma and RBC (all p < 0.0001) as well as RBC-EPA (p < 0.0001) were higher than in CG, while DHA levels did not differ between IG-R and CG. Conclusions Regular fish consumption during complementary feeding enhances infant EPA and DHA status. The usage of rapeseed oil in small amounts concordant with EU-law for commercial meals enhances endogenic EPA-synthesis, but does not affect DHA status. Provision of oily fish with complementary feeds is advisable to prevent a decline of DHA status. Clinical Trial Registration www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT01487889, title: Polyunsaturated fatty acids in child nutrition-a German multimodal optimisation study (PINGU).},
  language  = {en}
}