@incollection{Zimmermann2015, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Artikel 199 (Zwecke der Assoziierung)}, series = {Europ{\"a}isches Unionsrecht : Vertrag {\"u}ber die Europ{\"a}ische Union Vertrag {\"u}ber die Arbeitsweise der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europ{\"a}ischen Union ; EUV, AEUV, GRC}, volume = {Bd. 4}, booktitle = {Europ{\"a}isches Unionsrecht : Vertrag {\"u}ber die Europ{\"a}ische Union Vertrag {\"u}ber die Arbeitsweise der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europ{\"a}ischen Union ; EUV, AEUV, GRC}, editor = {von der Groeben, Hans and Schwarze, J{\"u}rgen and Hatje, Armin}, edition = {7. Aufl.}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8329-6019-3}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {248 -- 249}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Zimmermann2015, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Artikel 198 (Ziele der Assoziierung)}, series = {Europ{\"a}isches Unionsrecht : Vertrag {\"u}ber die Europ{\"a}ische Union Vertrag {\"u}ber die Arbeitsweise der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europ{\"a}ischen Union ; EUV, AEUV, GRC}, volume = {Bd. 4}, booktitle = {Europ{\"a}isches Unionsrecht : Vertrag {\"u}ber die Europ{\"a}ische Union Vertrag {\"u}ber die Arbeitsweise der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europ{\"a}ischen Union ; EUV, AEUV, GRC}, editor = {von der Groeben, Hans and Schwarze, J{\"u}rgen and Hatje, Armin}, edition = {7. Aufl.}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8329-6019-3}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {244 -- 247}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Zimmermann2015, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Artikel 212 (Grunds{\"a}tze der Zusammenarbeit mit Nichtentwicklungsl{\"a}ndern)}, series = {Europ{\"a}isches Unionsrecht : Vertrag {\"u}ber die Europ{\"a}ische Union Vertrag {\"u}ber die Arbeitsweise der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europ{\"a}ischen Union ; EUV, AEUV, GRC}, volume = {Bd. 4}, booktitle = {Europ{\"a}isches Unionsrecht : Vertrag {\"u}ber die Europ{\"a}ische Union Vertrag {\"u}ber die Arbeitsweise der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europ{\"a}ischen Union ; EUV, AEUV, GRC}, editor = {von der Groeben, Hans and Schwarze, J{\"u}rgen and Hatje, Armin}, edition = {7. Aufl.}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8329-6019-3}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {399 -- 403}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Zimmermann2015, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Artikel 208 (Beitrag der Union; Ziel)}, series = {Europ{\"a}isches Unionsrecht : Vertrag {\"u}ber die Europ{\"a}ische Union Vertrag {\"u}ber die Arbeitsweise der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europ{\"a}ischen Union ; EUV, AEUV, GRC}, volume = {4}, booktitle = {Europ{\"a}isches Unionsrecht : Vertrag {\"u}ber die Europ{\"a}ische Union Vertrag {\"u}ber die Arbeitsweise der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europ{\"a}ischen Union ; EUV, AEUV, GRC}, editor = {von der Groeben, Hans and Schwarze, J{\"u}rgen and Hatje, Armin}, edition = {7. Aufl.}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8329-6019-3}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {352 -- 376}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @incollection{Zimmermann2015, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Artikel 210 (Koordinierung)}, series = {Europ{\"a}isches Unionsrecht : Vertrag {\"u}ber die Europ{\"a}ische Union Vertrag {\"u}ber die Arbeitsweise der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europ{\"a}ischen Union ; EUV, AEUV, GRC}, volume = {Bd. 4}, booktitle = {Europ{\"a}isches Unionsrecht : Vertrag {\"u}ber die Europ{\"a}ische Union Vertrag {\"u}ber die Arbeitsweise der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, Charta der Grundrechte der Europ{\"a}ischen Union ; EUV, AEUV, GRC}, editor = {von der Groeben, Hans and Schwarze, J{\"u}rgen and Hatje, Armin}, edition = {7. Aufl.}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8329-6019-3}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {396 -- 397}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @article{ZimmermannUberZimmermannetal.2015, author = {Zimmermann, Alexander and Uber, Magdalena and Zimmermann, Beate and Levia, Delphis F.}, title = {Predictability of stemflow in a species-rich tropical forest}, series = {Hydrological processes}, volume = {29}, journal = {Hydrological processes}, number = {23}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0885-6087}, doi = {10.1002/hyp.10554}, pages = {4947 -- 4956}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Numerous studies investigated the influence of abiotic (meteorological conditions) and biotic factors (tree characteristics) on stemflow generation. Although these studies identified the variables that influence stemflow volumes in simply structured forests, the combination of tree characteristics that allows a robust prediction of stemflow volumes in species-rich forests is not well known. Many hydrological applications, however, require at least a rough estimate of stemflow volumes based on the characteristics of a forest stand. The need for robust predictions of stemflow motivated us to investigate the relationships between tree characteristics and stemflow volumes in a species-rich tropical forest located in central Panama. Based on a sampling setup consisting of ten rainfall collectors, 300 throughfall samplers and 60 stemflow collectors and cumulated data comprising 26 rain events, we derive three main findings. Firstly, stemflow represents a minor hydrological component in the studied 1-ha forest patch (1.0\% of cumulated rainfall). Secondly, in the studied species-rich forest, single tree characteristics are only weakly related to stemflow volumes. The influence of multiple tree parameters (e.g. crown diameter, presence of large epiphytes and inclination of branches) and the dependencies among these parameters require a multivariate approach to understand the generation of stemflow. Thirdly, predicting stemflow in species-rich forests based on tree parameters is a difficult task. Although our best model can capture the variation in stemflow to some degree, a critical validation reveals that the model cannot provide robust predictions of stemflow. A reanalysis of data from previous studies in species-rich forests corroborates this finding. Based on these results and considering that for most hydrological applications, stemflow is only one parameter among others to estimate, we advocate using the base model, i.e. the mean of the stemflow data, to quantify stemflow volumes for a given study area. Studies in species-rich forests that wish to obtain predictions of stemflow based on tree parameters probably need to conduct a much more extensive sampling than currently implemented by most studies. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.}, language = {en} } @article{ZieglerReiterHeidbachetal.2015, author = {Ziegler, Moritz O. and Reiter, Karsten and Heidbach, Oliver and Zang, Arno and Kwiatek, Grzegorz and Stromeyer, Dietrich and Dahm, Torsten and Dresen, Georg and Hofmann, Gerhard}, title = {Mining-Induced Stress Transfer and Its Relation to a 1.9 Seismic Event in an Ultra-deep South African Gold Mine}, series = {Pure and applied geophysics}, volume = {172}, journal = {Pure and applied geophysics}, number = {10}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0033-4553}, doi = {10.1007/s00024-015-1033-x}, pages = {2557 -- 2570}, year = {2015}, abstract = {On 27 December 2007, a 1.9 seismic event occurred within a dyke in the deep-level Mponeng Gold Mine, South Africa. From the seismological network of the mine and the one from the Japanese-German Underground Acoustic Emission Research in South Africa (JAGUARS) group, the hypocentral depth (3,509 m), focal mechanism and aftershock location were estimated. Since no mining activity took place in the days before the event, dynamic triggering due to blasting can be ruled out as the cause. To investigate the hypothesis that stress transfer, due to excavation of the gold reef, induced the event, we set up a small-scale high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) geomechanical numerical model. The model consisted of the four different rock units present in the mine: quartzite (footwall), hard lava (hanging wall), conglomerate (gold reef) and diorite (dykes). The numerical solution was computed using a finite-element method with a discretised mesh of approximately elements. The initial stress state of the model is in agreement with in situ data from a neighbouring mine, and the step-wise excavation was simulated by mass removal from the gold reef. The resulting 3D stress tensor and its changes due to mining were analysed based on the Coulomb failure stress changes on the fault plane of the event. The results show that the seismic event was induced regardless of how the Coulomb failure stress changes were calculated and of the uncertainties in the fault plane solution. We also used the model to assess the seismic hazard due to the excavation towards the dyke. The resulting curve of stress changes shows a significant increase in the last in front of the dyke, indicating that small changes in the mining progress towards the dyke have a substantial impact on the stress transfer.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouZhangGuietal.2015, author = {Zhou, Ying and Zhang, Ling and Gui, Jiadong and Dong, Fang and Cheng, Sihua and Mei, Xin and Zhang, Linyun and Li, Yongqing and Su, Xinguo and Baldermann, Susanne and Watanabe, Naoharu and Yang, Ziyin}, title = {Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Short-Chain Dehydrogenase Showing Activity with Volatile Compounds Isolated from Camellia sinensis}, series = {Plant molecular biology reporter}, volume = {33}, journal = {Plant molecular biology reporter}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0735-9640}, doi = {10.1007/s11105-014-0751-z}, pages = {253 -- 263}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Camellia sinensis synthesizes and emits a large variety of volatile phenylpropanoids and benzenoids (VPB). To investigate the enzymes involved in the formation of these VPB compounds, a new C. sinensis short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (CsSDR) was isolated, cloned, sequenced, and functionally characterized. The complete open reading frame of CsSDR contains 996 nucleotides with a calculated protein molecular mass of 34.5 kDa. The CsSDR recombinant protein produced in Escherichia coli exhibited dehydrogenase-reductase activity towards several major VPB compounds in C. sinensis flowers with a strong preference for NADP/NADPH co-factors, and showed affinity for (R)/(S)-1-phenylethanol (1PE), phenylacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol, and no affinity for acetophenone (AP) and 2-phenylethanol. CsSDR showed the highest catalytic efficiency towards (R)/(S)-1PE. Furthermore, the transient expression analysis in Nicotiana benthamiana plants validated that CsSDR could convert 1PE to AP in plants. CsSDR transcript level was not significantly affected by floral development and some jasmonic acid-related environmental stress, and CsSDR transcript accumulation was detected in most floral tissues such as receptacle and anther, which were main storage locations of VPB compounds. Our results indicate that CsSDR is expressed in C. sinensis flowers and is likely to contribute to a number of floral VPB compounds including the 1PE derivative AP.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouChenDongetal.2015, author = {Zhou, Xiqiang and Chen, Daizhao and Dong, Shaofeng and Zhang, Yanqiu and Guo, Zenghui and Wei, Hengye and Yu, Hao}, title = {Diagenetic barite deposits in the Yurtus Formation in Tarim Basin, NW China: Implications for barium and sulfur cycling in the earliest Cambrian}, series = {Precambrian research}, volume = {263}, journal = {Precambrian research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0301-9268}, doi = {10.1016/j.precamres.2015.03.006}, pages = {79 -- 87}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Barite concretions and bands are widely distributed in black shale-chert horizons in the Yurtus Formation of Lower Cambrian in Aksu area, northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China. They mainly consist of coarse-grained anhedral to euhedral barite crystals with minor dolomites and pyrites. Petrological features indicate these concretions grew from the porewater in unconsolidated sediments at shallow burial below sediment-water interface. The slight deviation of Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios (0.7083 to 0.7090) and significant elevated delta S-34 values (56.8-76.4 parts per thousand CDT) of barite samples with respect to those of the Early Cambrian seawater further support that barite deposits precipitated from the enclosed porewater in sediment column, which evolved from the penecontemporaneous seawater with weak interaction with the host fine-grained siliciclastic sediments and highly-depleted sulfate in response to prolonged strong bacterial sulfate reduction without necessary renewal. The abundant organic matters in the basal Yurtus Formation should have facilitated developing sulfate-depleted methanogenesis zone and sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) slightly after deposition. Therefore, barite deposits in the Yurtus Formation most likely resulted from diagenetic barium cycling and persistently grew from the porewater in the static SMTZ with a low sedimentation rate in the Early Cambrian. In comparison with the distribution of sedimentary barites in geological records, we tentatively proposed that a transition in diagenetic barium cycling and associated mineralization may have occurred from the Precambrian to Cambrian periods; this scenario may be causally linked to the changes in marine ecology (the advent of mesozooplankton and associated faecal pellet) and geochemistry (the increase of seawater sulfate concentration). Thus, the occurrence of diagenetic barite deposits in the Yurtus Formation implies that diagenetic barium cycling and more effective scavenging of barium from CH4- and Ba-rich porewaters within sediments might have become an nonnegligible process in continental margin areas, at least, since the earliest Cambrian, which could have significantly impacted the marine barium cycling. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhongMetwalliRawolleetal.2015, author = {Zhong, Qi and Metwalli, Ezzeldin and Rawolle, Monika and Kaune, Gunar and Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Papadakis, Christine M. and Cubitt, Robert and M{\"u}ller-Buschbaum, Peter}, title = {Rehydration of Thermoresponsive Poly(monomethoxydiethylene glycol acrylate) Films Probed in Situ by Real-Time Neutron Reflectivity}, series = {Macromolecules : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {48}, journal = {Macromolecules : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, number = {11}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0024-9297}, doi = {10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00645}, pages = {3604 -- 3612}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The rehydration of thermoresponsive poly(monomethoxydiethylene glycol acrylate) (PMDEGA) films exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type demixing phase transition in aqueous environments, induced by a decrease in temperature, is investigated in situ with real-time neutron reflectivity. Two different starting conditions (collapsed versus partially swollen chain conformation) are compared. In one experiment, the temperature is reduced from above the demixing temperature to well below the demixing temperature. In a second experiment, the starting temperature is below the demixing temperature, but within the transition regime, and reduced to the same final temperature. In both cases, the observed rehydration process can be divided into three stages: first condensation of water from the surrounding atmosphere, then absorption of water by the PMDEGA film and evaporation of excess water, and finally, rearrangement of the PMDEGA chains. The final rehydrated film is thicker and contains more absorbed water as compared with the initially swollen film at the same temperature well below the demixing temperature.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zhao2015, author = {Zhao, Liming}, title = {Characterization genes involved in leaf development and senescence of arabidopsis}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {137}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangChenZhouetal.2015, author = {Zhang, Yanqiu and Chen, Daizhao and Zhou, Xiqiang and Guo, Zenghui and Wei, Wenwen and Mutti, Maria}, title = {Depositional facies and stratal cyclicity of dolomites in the Lower Qiulitag Group (Upper Cambrian) in northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China}, series = {Facies : an international journal of palaeontology, sedimentology, geology}, volume = {61}, journal = {Facies : an international journal of palaeontology, sedimentology, geology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0172-9179}, doi = {10.1007/s10347-014-0417-1}, pages = {24}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Upper Cambrian Lower Qiulitag Group in the Tarim Basin, NW China, is overwhelmingly composed of cyclic dolomites. Based on extensive field investigations and facies analysis from four outcrop sections in the Bachu-Keping area, northwestern Tarim Basin, four main types of facies are recognized: open-marine subtidal, restricted shallow subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal facies, and these are further subdivided into ten lithofacies. In general, these facies are vertically arranged into shallowing-upward, metre-scale cycles. These cycles are commonly composed of a thin basal horizon reflecting abrupt deepening, and a thicker upper succession showing gradual shallowing upwards. Based on the vertical facies arrangements and changes across boundary surfaces, two types of cycle: peritidal and shallow subtidal cycle, are further identified. The peritidal cycles, predominating over the lower-middle Lower Qiulitag Group, commence with shallow subtidal to lower intertidal facies and are capped by inter-supratidal facies. In contrast, the shallow subtidal cycles, dominating the upper Lower Qiulitag Group, are capped by shallow-subtidal facies. Based on vertical lithofacies variations, cycle stacking patterns, and accommodation variations revealed by Fischer plots, six larger-scale third-order depositional sequences (Sq1-Sq6) are recognized. These sequences generally consist of a lower transgressive and an upper regressive systems tract. The transgressive tracts are dominated by thicker-than-average cycles, indicating an overall accommodation increase, whereas the regressive tracts are characterized by thinner-than-average peritidal cycles, indicating an overall accommodation decrease. The sequence boundaries are characterized by transitional zones of stacked thinner-than-average cycles, rather than by a single surface. These sequences can further be grouped into lower-order sequence sets: the lower and upper sequence sets. The lower sequence set, including Sq1-Sq3, is characterized by peritidal facies-dominated sequences and a progressive decrease in accommodation space, indicating a longer-term fall in sea level. In contrast, the upper sequence set (Sq4-Sq6) is characterized by subtidal facies-dominated sequences and a progressive increase in accommodation space, indicating a longer-term rise in sea level.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangSauterFangetal.2015, author = {Zhang, Quanchao and Sauter, Tilman and Fang, Liang and Kratz, Karl and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Shape-Memory Capability of Copolyetheresterurethane Microparticles Prepared via Electrospraying}, series = {Macromolecular materials and engineering}, volume = {300}, journal = {Macromolecular materials and engineering}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1438-7492}, doi = {10.1002/mame.201400267}, pages = {522 -- 530}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Multifunctional thermo-responsive and degradable microparticles exhibiting a shapememory effect (SME) have attracted widespread interest in biomedicine as switchable delivery vehicles or microactuators. In this work almost spherical solid microparticles with an average diameter of 3.9 +/- 0.9 mm are prepared via electrospraying of a copolyetheresterurethane named PDC, which is composed of crystallizable oligo(p-dioxanone) (OPDO) hard and oligo(e-caprolactone) (OCL) switching segments. The PDC microparticles are programmed via compression at different pressures and their shapememory capability is explored by off-line and online heating experiments. When a low programming pressure of 0.2 MPa is applied a pronounced thermally-induced shape-memory effect is achieved with a shape recovery ratio about 80\%, while a high programming pressure of 100 MPa resulted in a weak shape-memory performance. Finally, it is demonstrated that an array of PDC microparticles deposited on a polypropylene (PP) substrate can be successfully programmed into a smart temporary film, which disintegrates upon heating to 60 degrees C.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangHankeGogokhiaJiangetal.2015, author = {Zhang, Houbin and Hanke-Gogokhia, Christin and Jiang, Li and Li, Xiaobo and Wang, Pu and Gerstner, Cecilia D. and Frederick, Jeanne M. and Yang, Zhenglin and Baehr, Wolfgang}, title = {Mistrafficking of prenylated proteins causes retinitis pigmentosa 2}, series = {The FASEB journal : the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology}, volume = {29}, journal = {The FASEB journal : the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology}, address = {Bethesda}, issn = {0892-6638}, doi = {10.1096/fj.14-257915}, pages = {932 -- 942}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The retinitis pigmentosa 2 polypeptide (RP2) functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for ARL3 (Arf-like protein 3), a small GTPase. ARL3 is an effector of phosphodiesterase 6 Delta (PDE6D), a prenyl-binding protein and chaperone of prenylated protein in photoreceptors. Mutations in the human RP2 gene cause X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) and cone-rod dystrophy (XL-CORD). To study mechanisms causing XLRP, we generated an RP2 knockout mouse. The RP2h(-/-) mice exhibited a slowly progressing rod-cone dystrophy simulating the human disease. RP2h(-/-) scotopic a-wave and photopic b-wave amplitudes declined at 1 mo of age and continued to decline over the next 6 mo. Prenylated PDE6 subunits and G-protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) were unable to traffic effectively to the RP2h(-/-) outer segments. Mechanistically, absence of RP2 GAP activity increases ARL3-GTP levels, forcing PDE6D to assume a predominantly "closed" conformation that impedes binding of lipids. Lack of interaction disrupts trafficking of PDE6 and GRK1 to their destination, the photoreceptor outer segments. We propose that hyperactivity of ARL3-GTP in RP2 knockout mice and human patients with RP2 null alleles leads to XLRP resembling recessive rod-cone dystrophy.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangChenBoettcheretal.2015, author = {Zhang, Haocheng and Chen, Xuhui and B{\"o}ttcher, Markus and Guo, Fan and Li, Hui}, title = {Polarization swings reveal magnetic energy dissipation in blazars}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {804}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {1}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/58}, pages = {11}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The polarization signatures of blazar emissions are known to be highly variable. In addition to small fluctuations of the polarization angle around a mean value, large (greater than or similar to 180 degrees) polarization angle swings are sometimes observed. We suggest that such phenomena can be interpreted as arising from light travel time effects within an underlying axisymmetric emission region. We present the first simultaneous fitting of the multi-wavelength spectrum, variability, and time-dependent polarization features of a correlated optical and gamma-ray flaring event of the prominent blazar 3C279, which was accompanied by a drastic change in its polarization signatures. This unprecedented combination of spectral, variability, and polarization information in a coherent physical model allows us to place stringent constraints on the particle acceleration and magnetic field topology in the relativistic jet of a blazar, strongly favoring a scenario in which magnetic energy dissipation is the primary driver of the flare event.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangLideGrijsetal.2015, author = {Zhang, Chaoli and Li, Chengyuan and de Grijs, Richard and Bekki, Kenji and Deng, Licai and Zaggia, Simone and Rubele, Stefano and Piatti, Andres E. and Cioni, Maria-Rosa L. and Emerson, Jim and For, Bi-Qing and Ripepi, Vincenzo and Marconi, Marcella and Ivanov, Valentin D. and Chen, Li}, title = {The vmc survey. XVIII. radial dependence of the Low-Mass, 0.55-0.82M(circle dot) stellar mass function in the galactic globular cluster 47 tucanae}, series = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, volume = {815}, journal = {The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0004-637X}, doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/95}, pages = {9}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{ZerballLaschewskyvonKlitzing2015, author = {Zerball, Maximilian and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and von Klitzing, Regine}, title = {Swelling of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: The Relation Between, Surface and Bulk Characteristics}, series = {The journal of physical chemistry : B, Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces \& biophysical chemistry}, volume = {119}, journal = {The journal of physical chemistry : B, Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces \& biophysical chemistry}, number = {35}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1520-6106}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04350}, pages = {11879 -- 11886}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The odd even effect, i.e., the influence of the outermost layer of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) on their swelling behavior, is investigated. For that purpose poly(styrene sodium sulfonate) (PSS)/poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) polyelectrolyte multilayers are studied in air with 1\% relative humidity (RH), 30\% RH, 95\% RH, and in liquid water by ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray reflectometry (XRR). Since the total amount of water uptake in swollen PEMs is divided into two fractions, the void water and the swelling water, a correct evaluation of the odd even effect is only possible if both fractions are examined separately. In order to allow measuring samples over a larger thickness regime the investigation of a larger amount of samples is required. Therefore, the concept of separating void water from swelling water using neutron reflectometry is for the first time transferred to ellipsometry. The subsequent analysis of swelling water, void water, and roughness revealed the existence of two types of odd even effects: an odd even effect which addresses only the surface of the PEM (surface-odd even effect) and an odd even effect which addresses also the bulk of the PEM (bulk-odd even effect). The appearance of both effects is dependent on the environment; the surface-odd even effect is only detectable in humid air while the bulk-odd even effect is only detectable in liquid water. The bulk-odd even effect is related to the osmotic pressure between the PEM and the surrounding water. A correlation between the amount of void water and both odd even effects is not found. The amount of void water is independent of the terminated layer and the thickness of PEMs.}, language = {en} } @article{ZengPankratovFalketal.2015, author = {Zeng, Ting and Pankratov, Dmitry and Falk, Magnus and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Shleev, Sergey and Wollenberger, Ursula}, title = {Miniature direct electron transfer based sulphite/oxygen enzymatic fuel cells}, series = {Biosensors and bioelectronics : the principal international journal devoted to research, design development and application of biosensors and bioelectronics}, volume = {66}, journal = {Biosensors and bioelectronics : the principal international journal devoted to research, design development and application of biosensors and bioelectronics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-5663}, doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2014.10.080}, pages = {39 -- 42}, year = {2015}, abstract = {A direct electron transfer (DET) based sulphite/oxygen biofuel cell is reported that utilises human sulphite oxidase (hSOx) and Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase (MvBOx) and nanostructured gold electrodes. For bioanode construction, the nanostructured gold microelectrodes were further modified with 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid di(N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) to which polyethylene imine was covalently attached. hSOx was adsorbed onto this chemically modified nanostructured electrode with high surface loading of electroactive enzyme and in presence of sulphite high anodic bioelectrocatalytic currents were generated with an onset potential of 0.05 V vs. NHE. The biocathode contained MyBOx directly adsorbed to the deposited gold nanoparticles for cathodic oxygen reduction starting at 0.71 V vs. NHE. Both enzyme electrodes were integrated to a DET-type biofuel cell. Power densities of 8 and 1 mu W cm(-2) were achieved at 0.15 V and 0.45 V of cell voltages, respectively, with the membrane based biodevices under aerobic conditions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{ZengLeimkuehlerKoetzetal.2015, author = {Zeng, Ting and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Koetz, Joachim and Wollenberger, Ursula}, title = {Effective Electrochemistry of Human Sulfite Oxidase Immobilized on Quantum-Dots-Modified Indium Tin Oxide Electrode}, series = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces}, volume = {7}, journal = {ACS applied materials \& interfaces}, number = {38}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1944-8244}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.5b06665}, pages = {21487 -- 21494}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The bioelectrocatalytic sulfite oxidation by human sulfite oxidase (hSO) on indium tin oxide (ITO) is reported, which is facilitated by functionalizing of the electrode surface with polyethylenimine (PEI)-entrapped CdS nanoparticles and enzyme. hSO was assembled onto the electrode with a high surface loading of electroactive enzyme. In the presence of sulfite but without additional mediators, a high bioelectrocatalytic current was generated. Reference experiments with only PEI showed direct electron transfer and catalytic activity of hSO, but these were less pronounced. The application of the polyelectrolyte-entrapped quantum dots (QDs) on ITO electrodes provides a compatible surface for enzyme binding with promotion of electron transfer. Variations of the buffer solution conditions, e.g., ionic strength, pH, viscosity, and the effect of oxygen, were studied in order to understand intramolecular and heterogeneous electron transfer from hSO to the electrode. The results are consistent with a model derived for the enzyme by using flash photolysis in solution and spectroelectrochemistry and molecular dynamic simulations of hSO on monolayer-modified gold electrodes. Moreover, for the first time a photoelectrochemical electrode involving immobilized hSO is demonstrated where photoexcitation of the CdS/hSO-modified electrode lead to an enhanced generation of bioelectrocatalytic currents upon sulfite addition. Oxidation starts already at the redox potential of the electron transfer domain of hSO and is greatly increased by application of a small overpotential to the CdS/hSO-modified ITO.}, language = {en} } @article{ZehbeMochalesRadziketal.2015, author = {Zehbe, Rolf and Mochales, Carolina and Radzik, Daniela and Mueller, Wolf-Dieter and Fleck, Claudia}, title = {Electrophoretic deposition of multilayered (cubic and tetragonal stabilized) zirconia ceramics for adapted crack deflection}, series = {Journal of the European Ceramic Society}, volume = {36}, journal = {Journal of the European Ceramic Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0955-2219}, doi = {10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.08.022}, pages = {357 -- 364}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The electrophoretic deposition process was used to produce multi-layered ceramics consisting of alternating layers of fully stabilized cubic zirconia and partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia to make use of their different mechanical behaviour, investigating the possibility to deflect advancing cracks at the interfaces of the different layers. This crack deflection is apparently impacted by a toughening mechanism only found in the tetragonal stabilized zirconia polymorph and is characterized by the stress induced transformation of the metastable tetragonal phase into the monoclinic one, which is accompanied by a volume increase resulting in a closing mechanism for advancing cracks. While improving the electrophoretic deposition process, we investigated the transformation toughening mechanism at the layer interfaces and their effect on crack propagation. Investigations involved a combination of different imaging methods, including light microscopy, white light interferometry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zakharova2015, author = {Zakharova, Olga}, title = {Analysis and modeling of transient earthquake patterns and their dependence on local stress regimes}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-86455}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XVI, 94}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Investigations in the field of earthquake triggering and associated interactions, which includes aftershock triggering as well as induced seismicity, is important for seismic hazard assessment due to earthquakes destructive power. One of the approaches to study earthquake triggering and their interactions is the use of statistical earthquake models, which are based on knowledge of the basic seismicity properties, in particular, the magnitude distribution and spatiotemporal properties of the triggered events. In my PhD thesis I focus on some specific aspects of aftershock properties, namely, the relative seismic moment release of the aftershocks with respect to the mainshocks; the spatial correlation between aftershock occurrence and fault deformation; and on the influence of aseismic transients on the aftershock parameter estimation. For the analysis of aftershock sequences I choose a statistical approach, in particular, the well known Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model, which accounts for the input of background and triggered seismicity. For my specific purposes, I develop two ETAS model modifications in collaboration with Sebastian Hainzl. By means of this approach, I estimate the statistical aftershock parameters and performed simulations of aftershock sequences as well. In the case of seismic moment release of aftershocks, I focus on the ratio of cumulative seismic moment release with respect to the mainshocks. Specifically, I investigate the ratio with respect to the focal mechanism of the mainshock and estimate an effective magnitude, which represents the cumulative aftershock energy (similar to Bath's law, which defines the average difference between mainshock and the largest aftershock magnitudes). Furthermore, I compare the observed seismic moment ratios with the results of the ETAS simulations. In particular, I test a restricted ETAS (RETAS) model which is based on results of a clock advanced model and static stress triggering. To analyze spatial variations of triggering parameters I focus in my second approach on the aftershock occurrence triggered by large mainshocks and the study of the aftershock parameter distribution and their spatial correlation with the coseismic/postseismic slip and interseismic locking. To invert the aftershock parameters I improve the modified ETAS (m-ETAS) model, which is able to take the extension of the mainshock rupture into account. I compare the results obtained by the classical approach with the output of the m-ETAS model. My third approach is concerned with the temporal clustering of seismicity, which might not only be related to earthquake-earthquake interactions, but also to a time-dependent background rate, potentially biasing the parameter estimations. Thus, my coauthors and I also applied a modification of the ETAS model, which is able to take into account time-dependent background activity. It can be applicable for two different cases: when an aftershock catalog has a temporal incompleteness or when the background seismicity rate changes with time, due to presence of aseismic forces. An essential part of any research is the testing of the developed models using observational data sets, which are appropriate for the particular study case. Therefore, in the case of seismic moment release I use the global seismicity catalog. For the spatial distribution of triggering parameters I exploit two aftershock sequences of the Mw8.8 2010 Maule (Chile) and Mw 9.0 2011 Tohoku (Japan) mainshocks. In addition, I use published geodetic slip models of different authors. To test our ability to detect aseismic transients my coauthors and I use the data sets from Western Bohemia (Central Europe) and California. Our results indicate that: (1) the seismic moment of aftershocks with respect to mainshocks depends on the static stress changes and is maximal for the normal, intermediate for thrust and minimal for strike-slip stress regimes, where the RETAS model shows a good correspondence with the results; (2) The spatial distribution of aftershock parameters, obtained by the m-ETAS model, shows anomalous values in areas of reactivated crustal fault systems. In addition, the aftershock density is found to be correlated with coseismic slip gradient, afterslip, interseismic coupling and b-values. Aftershock seismic moment is positively correlated with the areas of maximum coseismic slip and interseismically locked areas. These correlations might be related to the stress level or to material properties variations in space; (3) Ignoring aseismic transient forcing or temporal catalog incompleteness can lead to the significant under- or overestimation of the underlying trigger parameters. In the case when a catalog is complete, this method helps to identify aseismic sources.}, language = {en} } @article{ZajnulinaBoehmBlowetal.2015, author = {Zajnulina, Marina and B{\"o}hm, Michael and Blow, K. and Rieznik, A. A. and Giannone, Domenico and Haynes, Roger and Roth, Martin M.}, title = {Soliton radiation beat analysis of optical pulses generated from two continuous-wave lasers}, series = {Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science}, volume = {25}, journal = {Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science}, number = {10}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {1054-1500}, doi = {10.1063/1.4930316}, pages = {6}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We propose a fibre-based approach for generation of optical frequency combs (OFCs) with the aim of calibration of astronomical spectrographs in the low and medium-resolution range. This approach includes two steps: in the first step, an appropriate state of optical pulses is generated and subsequently moulded in the second step delivering the desired OFC. More precisely, the first step is realised by injection of two continuous-wave (CW) lasers into a conventional single-mode fibre, whereas the second step generates a broad OFC by using the optical solitons generated in step one as initial condition. We investigate the conversion of a bichromatic input wave produced by two initial CW lasers into a train of optical solitons, which happens in the fibre used as step one. Especially, we are interested in the soliton content of the pulses created in this fibre. For that, we study different initial conditions (a single cosine-hump, an Akhmediev breather, and a deeply modulated bichromatic wave) by means of soliton radiation beat analysis and compare the results to draw conclusion about the soliton content of the state generated in the first step. In case of a deeply modulated bichromatic wave, we observed the formation of a collective soliton crystal for low input powers and the appearance of separated solitons for high input powers. An intermediate state showing the features of both, the soliton crystal and the separated solitons, turned out to be most suitable for the generation of OFC for the purpose of calibration of astronomical spectrographs.}, language = {en} } @article{ZajnulinaBoggioBoehmetal.2015, author = {Zajnulina, Marina and Boggio, Jose M. Chavez and B{\"o}hm, Michael and Rieznik, A. A. and Fremberg, Tino and Haynes, Roger and Roth, Martin M.}, title = {Generation of optical frequency combs via four-wave mixing processes for low- and medium-resolution astronomy}, series = {Applied physics : B, Lasers and optics}, volume = {120}, journal = {Applied physics : B, Lasers and optics}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0946-2171}, doi = {10.1007/s00340-015-6121-1}, pages = {171 -- 184}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We investigate the generation of optical frequency combs through a cascade of four-wave mixing processes in nonlinear fibres with optimised parameters. The initial optical field consists of two continuous-wave lasers with frequency separation larger than 40 GHz (312.7 pm at 1531 nm). It propagates through three nonlinear fibres. The first fibre serves to pulse shape the initial sinusoidal-square pulse, while a strong pulse compression down to sub-100 fs takes place in the second fibre which is an amplifying erbium-doped fibre. The last stage is a low-dispersion highly nonlinear fibre where the frequency comb bandwidth is increased and the line intensity is equalised. We model this system using the generalised nonlinear Schrodinger equation and investigate it in terms of fibre lengths, fibre dispersion, laser frequency separation and input powers with the aim to minimise the frequency comb noise. With the support of the numerical results, a frequency comb is experimentally generated, first in the near infra-red and then it is frequency-doubled into the visible spectral range. Using a MUSE-type spectrograph, we evaluate the comb performance for astronomical wavelength calibration in terms of equidistancy of the comb lines and their stability.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zajnulina2015, author = {Zajnulina, Marina}, title = {Optical frequency comb generation in optical fibres}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88776}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 103}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Optical frequency combs (OFC) constitute an array of phase-correlated equidistant spectral lines with nearly equal intensities over a broad spectral range. The adaptations of combs generated in mode-locked lasers proved to be highly efficient for the calibration of high-resolution (resolving power > 50000) astronomical spectrographs. The observation of different galaxy structures or the studies of the Milky Way are done using instruments in the low- and medium resolution range. To such instruments belong, for instance, the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) being developed for the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) being in development for the ESO VISTA 4.1 m Telescope. The existing adaptations of OFC from mode-locked lasers are not resolvable by these instruments. Within this work, a fibre-based approach for generation of OFC specifically in the low- and medium resolution range is studied numerically. This approach consists of three optical fibres that are fed by two equally intense continuous-wave (CW) lasers. The first fibre is a conventional single-mode fibre, the second one is a suitably pumped amplifying Erbium-doped fibre with anomalous dispersion, and the third one is a low-dispersion highly nonlinear optical fibre. The evolution of a frequency comb in this system is governed by the following processes: as the two initial CW-laser waves with different frequencies propagate through the first fibre, they generate an initial comb via a cascade of four-wave mixing processes. The frequency components of the comb are phase-correlated with the original laser lines and have a frequency spacing that is equal to the initial laser frequency separation (LFS), i.e. the difference in the laser frequencies. In the time domain, a train of pre-compressed pulses with widths of a few pico-seconds arises out of the initial bichromatic deeply-modulated cosine-wave. These pulses undergo strong compression in the subsequent amplifying Erbium-doped fibre: sub-100 fs pulses with broad OFC spectra are formed. In the following low-dispersion highly nonlinear fibre, the OFC experience a further broadening and the intensity of the comb lines are fairly equalised. This approach was mathematically modelled by means of a Generalised Nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger Equation (GNLS) that contains terms describing the nonlinear optical Kerr effect, the delayed Raman response, the pulse self-steepening, and the linear optical losses as well as the wavelength-dependent Erbium gain profile for the second fibre. The initial condition equation being a deeply-modulated cosine-wave mimics the radiation of the two initial CW lasers. The numerical studies are performed with the help of Matlab scripts that were specifically developed for the integration of the GNLS and the initial condition according to the proposed approach for the OFC generation. The scripts are based on the Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta in the Interaction Picture Method (RK4IP) in combination with the local error method. This work includes the studies and results on the length optimisation of the first and the second fibre depending on different values of the group-velocity dispersion of the first fibre. Such length optimisation studies are necessary because the OFC have the biggest possible broadband and exhibit a low level of noise exactly at the optimum lengths. Further, the optical pulse build-up in the first and the second fibre was studied by means of the numerical technique called Soliton Radiation Beat Analysis (SRBA). It was shown that a common soliton crystal state is formed in the first fibre for low laser input powers. The soliton crystal continuously dissolves into separated optical solitons as the input power increases. The pulse formation in the second fibre is critically dependent on the features of the pulses formed in the first fibre. I showed that, for low input powers, an adiabatic soliton compression delivering low-noise OFC occurs in the second fibre. At high input powers, the pulses in the first fibre have more complicated structures which leads to the pulse break-up in the second fibre with a subsequent degradation of the OFC noise performance. The pulse intensity noise studies that were performed within the framework of this thesis allow making statements about the noise performance of an OFC. They showed that the intensity noise of the whole system decreases with the increasing value of LFS.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zaccarella2015, author = {Zaccarella, Emiliano}, title = {Breaking down complexity}, series = {MPI series human cognitive and brain sciences ; 175}, journal = {MPI series human cognitive and brain sciences ; 175}, publisher = {Max-Planck-Institute}, address = {Leipzig}, isbn = {978-3-941504-60-8}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {217}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The unbounded expressive capacity of human language cannot boil down to an infinite list of sentences stored in a finite brain. Our linguistic knowledge is rather grounded around a rule-based universal syntactic computation—called Merge—which takes categorized units in input (e.g. this and ship), and generates structures by binding words recursively into more complex hierarchies of any length (e.g. this ship; this ship sinks…). Here we present data from different fMRI datasets probing the cortical implementation of this fundamental process. We first pushed complexity down to a three-word level, to explore how Merge creates minimally hierarchical phrases and sentences. We then moved to the most fundamental two-word level, to directly assess the universal invariant nature of Merge, when no additive mechanisms are involved. Our most general finding is that Merge as the basic syntactic operation is primarily performed by confined area, namely BA 44 in the IFG. Activity reduces to its most ventral-anterior portion at the most fundamental level, following fine-grained sub-anatomical parcellation proposed for the region. The deep frontal operculum/anterior-dorsal insula (FOP/adINS), a phylogenetically older and less specialized region, rather appears to support word-accumulation processing in which the categorical information of the word is first accessed based on its lexical status, and then maintained on hold before further processing takes place. The present data confirm the general notion of BA 44 being activated as a function of complex structural hierarchy, but they go beyond this view by proposing that structural sensitivity in BA 44 is already appreciated at the lowest levels of complexity during which minimal phrase-structures are build up, and syntactic Merge is assessed. Further, they call for a redefinition of BA 44 from multimodal area to a macro-region with internal localizable functional profiles}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Yuan2015, author = {Yuan, Jiayin}, title = {Poly(Ionic Liquid)s}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {300}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @misc{YokoyamaLeimkuehler2015, author = {Yokoyama, Kenichi and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke}, title = {The role of FeS clusters for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and molybdoenzymes in bacteria}, series = {Biochimica et biophysica acta : Molecular cell research}, volume = {1853}, journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta : Molecular cell research}, number = {6}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0167-4889}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.021}, pages = {1335 -- 1349}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) has been intensively studied, in addition to its insertion into molybdoenzymes. In particular, a link between the assembly of molybdoenzymes and the biosynthesis of FeS clusters has been identified in the recent years: 1) the synthesis of the first intermediate in Moco biosynthesis requires an FeS-cluster containing protein, 2) the sulfurtransferase for the dithiolene group in Moco is also involved in the synthesis of FeS clusters, thiamin and thiolated tRNAs, 3) the addition of a sulfido-ligand to the molybdenum atom in the active site additionally involves a sulfurtransferase, and 4) most molybdoenzymes in bacteria require FeS clusters as redox active cofactors. In this review we will focus on the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor in bacteria, its modification and insertion into molybdoenzymes, with an emphasis to its link to FeS cluster biosynthesis and sulfur transfer. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{YinRajkovicVeeduetal.2015, author = {Yin, Zhong and Rajkovic, Ivan and Veedu, Sreevidya Thekku and Deinert, Sascha and Raiser, Dirk and Jain, Rohit and Fukuzawa, Hironobu and Wada, Shin-ichi and Quevedo, Wilson and Kennedy, Brian and Schreck, Simon and Pietzsch, Annette and Wernet, Philippe and Ueda, Kyoshi and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Techert, Simone}, title = {Ionic solutions probed by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r physikalische Chemie : international journal of research in physical chemistry and chemical physics}, volume = {229}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r physikalische Chemie : international journal of research in physical chemistry and chemical physics}, number = {10-12}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0942-9352}, doi = {10.1515/zpch-2015-0610}, pages = {1855 -- 1867}, year = {2015}, abstract = {X-ray spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study the local charge distribution of chemical systems. Together with the liquid jet it becomes possible to probe chemical systems in their natural environment, the liquid phase. In this work, we present X-ray absorption (XA), X-ray emission (XE) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) data of pure water and various salt solutions and show the possibilities these methods offer to elucidate the nature of ion-water interaction.}, language = {en} } @article{YildirimSemerciBenayahuAdamovskietal.2015, author = {Yildirim-Semerci, Cigdem and Benayahu, Dafna and Adamovski, Miriam and Wollenberger, Ursula}, title = {An Electrochemical Assay for Monitoring Differentiation of the Osteoblastic Cell Line (MBA-15) on the Sensor Chip}, series = {Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis}, volume = {27}, journal = {Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1040-0397}, doi = {10.1002/elan.201400684}, pages = {1350 -- 1358}, year = {2015}, abstract = {An electrochemical assay for the indication of the activity of the cell bound differentiation marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is proposed using voltammetry on an in-vitro cell culture. The basis of the assay is cultivation of cells on gold microelectrodes in wells of a microplate, catalytic hydrolysis of p-aminophenyl phosphate by ALP and indication of p-aminophenol oxidation by square wave voltammetry (SWV) with the sensors onto which the cells attached. The morphology of the bone marrow stromal cell line (MBA-15) on the electrode surface was investigated and it exhibited in vitro osteogenic characteristics. Since ALP is expressed on the cell surface in early differentiation stage of osteoblastic cells, its activity was followed after different culture times over a period of 144 h by recording repetitive voltammograms at different time points upon addition of the substrate p-aminophenyl phosphate. The ALP activity was estimated from the signal increase related to formation rate of p-aminophenol and the number of cells. The highest value was measured at 120 h, when the cells reached confluence. The results of the electrochemical activity assay are consistent with the colorimetric acquired value from p-nitrophenol formation rate.}, language = {en} } @misc{YarmanDechtriratBosserdtetal.2015, author = {Yarman, Aysu and Dechtrirat, Decha and Bosserdt, Maria and Jetzschmann, Katharina J. and Gajovic-Eichelmann, Nenad and Scheller, Frieder W.}, title = {Cytochrome c-derived hybrid systems based on moleculary imprinted polymers}, series = {Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis}, volume = {27}, journal = {Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis}, number = {3}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1040-0397}, doi = {10.1002/elan.201400592}, pages = {573 -- 586}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Hybrid architectures which combine a MIP with an immobilized affinity ligand or a biocatalyst sum up the advantages of both components. In this paper, hybrid architectures combining a layer of a molecularly imprinted electropolymer with a mini-enzyme or a self-assembled monolayer will be presented. (i) Microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) catalyzed oxidation of the drug aminopyrine on a product-imprinted sublayer: The peroxide dependent conversion of the analyte aminopyrine takes place in the MP-11 containing layer on top of a product-imprinted electropolymer on the indicator electrode. The hierarchical architecture resulted in the elimination of interfering signals for ascorbic acid and uric acid. An advantage of the new hierarchical structure is the separation of MIP formation by electropolymerization and immobilization of the catalyst. In this way it was for the first time possible to integrate an enzyme with a MIP layer in a sensor configuration. This combination has the potential to be transferred to other enzymes, e.g. P450, opening the way to clinically important analytes. (ii) Epitope-imprinted poly-scopoletin layer for binding of the C-terminal peptide and cytochrome c (Cyt c): The MIP binds both the target peptide and the parent protein almost eight times stronger than the non-imprinted polymer with affinities in the lower micromolar range. Exchange of only one amino acid in the peptide decreases the binding by a factor of five. (iii) MUA-poly-scopoletin MIP for cytochrome c: Cyt c bound to the MIP covered gold electrode exhibits direct electron transfer with a redox potential and rate constant typical for the native protein. The MIP cover layer suppresses the displacement of the target protein by BSA or myoglobin. The combination of protein imprinted polymers with an efficient electron transfer is a new concept for characterizing electroactive proteins such as Cyt c. The competition with other proteins shows that the MIP binds its target Cyt c preferentially and that molecular shape and the charge of protein determine the binding of interfering proteins.}, language = {en} } @article{YangDupontNivetJolivetetal.2015, author = {Yang, Wei and Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume and Jolivet, Marc and Guo, Zhaojie and Bougeois, Laurie and Bosboom, Roderic and Zhang, Ziya and Zhu, Bei and Heilbronn, Gloria}, title = {Magnetostratigraphic record of the early evolution of the southwestern Tian Shan foreland basin (Ulugqat area), interactions with Pamir indentation and India-Asia collision}, series = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, volume = {644}, journal = {Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0040-1951}, doi = {10.1016/j.tecto.2015.01.003}, pages = {122 -- 137}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Tian Shan range is an inherited intracontinental structure reactivated by the far-field effects of the India-Asia collision. A growing body of thermochronology and magnetostratigraphy datasets shows that the range grew through several tectonic pulses since similar to 25 Ma, however the early Cenozoic history remains poorly constrained. The time-lag between the Eocene India-Asia collision and the Miocene onset of Tian Shan exhumation is particularly enigmatic. This peculiar period is potentially recorded along the southwestern Tian Shan piedmont. There, late Eocene marine deposits of the proto-Paratethys epicontinental sea transition to continental foreland basin sediments of unknown age were recently dated. We provide magnetostratigraphic dating of these continental sediments from the 1700-m-thick Mine section integrated with previously published detrital apatite fission track and U/Pb zircon ages. The most likely correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale indicates an age span from 20.8 to 13.3 Ma with a marked increase in accumulation rates at 19-18 Ma. This implies that the entire Oligocene period is missing between the last marine and first continental sediments, as suggested by previous southwestern Tian Shan results. This differs from the southwestern Tarim basin where Eocene marine deposits are continuously overlain by late Eocene-Oligocene continental sediments. This supports a simple evolution model of the western Tarim basin with Eocene-Oligocene foreland basin activation to the south related to northward thrusting of the Kunlun Shan, followed by early Miocene activation of northern foreland basin related to overthrusting of the south Tian Shan. Our data also support southward propagation of the Tian Shan piedmont from 20 to 18 Ma that may relate to motion on the Talas Fergana Fault. The coeval activation of a major right-lateral strike-slip system allowing indentation of the Pamir Salient into the Tarim basin, suggests far-field deformation from the India-Asia collision zone affected the Tian Shan and the Talas Fergana fault by early Miocene. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{YanFangNoecheletal.2015, author = {Yan, Wan and Fang, Liang and N{\"o}chel, Ulrich and Kratz, Karl and Lendlein, Andreas}, title = {Influence of deformation temperature on structural variation and shape-memory effect of a thermoplastic semi-crystalline multiblock copolymer}, series = {eXPRESS polymer letters}, volume = {9}, journal = {eXPRESS polymer letters}, number = {7}, publisher = {Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Polymer Engineering}, address = {Budapest}, issn = {1788-618X}, doi = {10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.58}, pages = {624 -- 635}, year = {2015}, abstract = {A multiblock copolymer termed as PCL-PIBMD, consisting of crystallizable poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) segments and crystallizable poly(3S-isobutyl-morpholine-2,5-dione) (PIBMD) segments, has been reported as a material showing a thermally-induced shape-memory effect. While PIBMD crystalline domains act as netpoints to determine the permanent shape, both PCL crystalline domains and PIBMD amorphous domains, which have similar transition temperatures (T-trans) can act as switching domains. In this work, the influence of the deformation temperature (T-deform = 50 or 20 degrees C), which was above or below T-trans, on the structural changes of PCL-PIBMD during uniaxial deformation and the shapememory properties were investigated. Furthermore, the relative contribution of crystalline PCL and PIBMD amorphous phases to the fixation of the temporary shape were distinguished by a toluene vapor treatment approach. The results indicated that at 50 degrees C, both PCL and PIBMD amorphous phases can be orientated during deformation, resulting in thermally-induced crystals of PCL domains and joint contribution to the switching domains. In contrast at 20 degrees C, the temporary shape was mainly fixed by PCL crystals generated via strain-induced crystallization.}, language = {en} } @article{YanZhouShuetal.2015, author = {Yan, Ming and Zhou, Wei and Shu, Hua and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Perceptual span depends on font size during the reading of chinese sentences}, series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, volume = {41}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7393}, doi = {10.1037/a0038097}, pages = {209 -- 219}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The present study explored the perceptual span (i.e., the physical extent of an area from which useful visual information is extracted during a single fixation) during the reading of Chinese sentences in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, we tested whether the rightward span can go beyond 3 characters when visually similar masks were used. Results showed that Chinese readers needed at least 4 characters to the right of fixation to maintain a normal reading behavior when visually similar masks were used and when characters were displayed in small fonts, indicating that the span is dynamically influenced by masking materials. In Experiments 2 and 3, we asked whether the perceptual span varies as a function of font size in spaced (German) and unspaced (Chinese) scripts. Results clearly suggest perceptual span depends on font size in Chinese, but we failed to find such evidence for German. We propose that the perceptual span in Chinese is flexible; it is strongly constrained by its language-specific properties such as high information density and lack of word spacing. Implications for saccade-target selection during the reading of Chinese sentences are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{YanSommer2015, author = {Yan, Ming and Sommer, Werner}, title = {Parafoveal-on-Foveal Effects of Emotional Word Semantics in Reading Chinese Sentences: Evidence From Eye Movements}, series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, volume = {41}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, number = {4}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7393}, doi = {10.1037/xlm0000095}, pages = {1237 -- 1243}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Despite the well-known influence of emotional meaning on cognition, relatively less is known about its effects on reading behavior. We investigated whether fixation behavior during the reading of Chinese sentences is influenced by emotional word meaning in the parafovea. Two-character target words embedded into the same sentence frames provided emotionally positive, negative, or neutral contents. Fixation durations on neutral pretarget words were prolonged for positive parafoveal words and for highly frequent negative parafoveal words. In addition, fixation durations on foveal emotional words were shorter than those on neutral words. We also found that the role of emotional words varied as a function of their valence during foveal and parafoveal processing. These findings suggest a processing advantage for emotional words relative to emotionally neutral stimuli in foveal and parafoveal vision. We discuss implications for the notion of attention attraction due to emotional content.}, language = {en} } @article{YanPanBelangeretal.2015, author = {Yan, Ming and Pan, Jinger and Belanger, Nathalie N. and Shu, Hua}, title = {Chinese deaf readers have early access to parafoveal semantics}, series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, volume = {41}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition}, number = {1}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0278-7393}, doi = {10.1037/xlm0000035}, pages = {254 -- 261}, year = {2015}, abstract = {In the present study, we manipulated different types of information available in the parafovea during the reading of Chinese sentences and examined how deaf readers make use of the parafoveal information. Results clearly indicate that although the reading-level matched hearing readers make greater use of orthographic information in the parafovea, parafoveal semantic information is obtained earlier among the deaf readers. In addition, a phonological preview benefit effect was found for the better deaf readers (relative to less-skilled deaf readers), although we also provide an alternative explanation for this effect. Providing evidence that Chinese deaf readers have higher efficiency when processing parafoveal semantics, the study indicates flexibility across individuals in the mechanisms underlying word recognition adapting to the inputs available in the linguistic environment.}, language = {en} } @article{Yan2015, author = {Yan, Ming}, title = {Visually complex foveal words increase the amount of parafoveal information acquired}, series = {Vision research : an international journal for functional aspects of vision.}, volume = {111}, journal = {Vision research : an international journal for functional aspects of vision.}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0042-6989}, doi = {10.1016/j.visres.2015.03.025}, pages = {91 -- 96}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This study investigates the effect of foveal load (i.e., processing difficulty of currently fixated words) on parafoveal information processing. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that high foveal load leads to reduced parafoveal processing efficiency, results of the present study showed that increasing foveal visual (but not linguistic) processing load actually increased the amount of parafoveal information acquired, presumably due to the fact that longer fixation duration on the pretarget word provided more time for parafoveal processing of the target word. It is therefore proposed in the present study that foveal linguistic processing load is not the only factor that determines parafoveal processing; preview time (afforded by foveal word visual processing load) may jointly influence parafoveal processing. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{YadavalliKoenigSanter2015, author = {Yadavalli, Nataraja Sekhar and K{\"o}nig, Tobias and Santer, Svetlana}, title = {Selective mass transport of azobenzene-containing photosensitive films towards or away from the light intensity}, series = {Journal of the Society for Information Display}, volume = {23}, journal = {Journal of the Society for Information Display}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1071-0922}, doi = {10.1002/jsid.306}, pages = {154 -- 162}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Here, we report on two photosensitive amorphous polymers showing opposite behavior upon exposure to illumination. The first polymer (PAZO) consists of linear backbone to which azobenzene-containing side chains are covalently attached, while in the second polymer (azo-PEI), the azobenzene side chains are attached ionically to a polyelectrolyte backbone. When irradiated through a mask, the PAZO goes away from the intensity maxima, leaving behind topography trenches, while the direction of the mass transport of the azo-PEI polymer points towards the intensity maxima. This kind of behavior has been reported only for certain liquid crystalline polymers that exhibit in-phase reaction on illumination, that is, topography maxima coincides with the intensity maxima. Furthermore, flat nanocrystals placed on top of azo-PEI film was found to be moved together with the mass transport of the underlying polymer film as visualized using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. It was also demonstrated that the two polymer films respond differently on irradiation with the polarization and intensity interference patterns (IPs). To record the kinetic of the surface relief grating formation within two polymers during irradiation with different IPs, we utilized a homemade setup combining the optical part for the generation of IP and AFM. A possible mechanism explaining different responses on the irradiation of amorphous polymers is discussed in the frame of a theoretical model proposed by Saphiannikova et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 5032-5045 (2009)).}, language = {en} } @article{XuShalomPiersimonietal.2015, author = {Xu, Jingsan and Shalom, Menny and Piersimoni, Fortunato and Antonietti, Markus and Neher, Dieter and Brenner, Thomas J. K.}, title = {Color-Tunable Photoluminescence and NIR Electroluminescence in Carbon Nitride Thin Films and Light-Emitting Diodes}, series = {Advanced optical materials}, volume = {3}, journal = {Advanced optical materials}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2195-1071}, doi = {10.1002/adom.201500019}, pages = {913 -- 917}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{XuCaoBrenneretal.2015, author = {Xu, Jingsan and Cao, Shaowen and Brenner, Thomas J. K. and Yang, Xiaofei and Yu, Jiaguo and Antonietti, Markus and Shalom, Menny}, title = {Supramolecular Chemistry in Molten Sulfur: Preorganization Effects Leading to Marked Enhancement of Carbon Nitride Photoelectrochemistry}, series = {Advanced functional materials}, volume = {25}, journal = {Advanced functional materials}, number = {39}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1616-301X}, doi = {10.1002/adfm.201502843}, pages = {6265 -- 6271}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Here, a new method for enhancing the photoelectrochemical properties of carbon nitride thin films by in situ supramolecular-driven preorganization of phenyl-contained monomers in molten sulfur is reported. A detailed analysis of the chemical and photophysical properties suggests that the molten sulfur can texture the growth and induce more effective integration of phenyl groups into the carbon nitride electrodes, resulting in extended light absorption alongside with improved conductivity and better charge transfer. Furthermore, photophysical measurements indicate the formation of sub-bands in the optical bandgap which is beneficial for exciton splitting. Moreover, the new bands can mediate hole transfer to the electrolyte, thus improving the photooxidation activity. The utilization of high temperature solvent as the polymerization medium opens new opportunities for the significant improvement of carbon nitride films toward an efficient photoactive material for various applications.}, language = {en} } @article{XinLaRueObergetal.2015, author = {Xin, Hong and LaRue, Jerry and Oberg, Henrik and Beye, Martin and Turner, J. J. and Gladh, J{\"o}rgen and Ng, May L. and Sellberg, Jonas A. and Kaya, Sarp and Mercurio, G. and Hieke, F. and Nordlund, Dennis and Schlotter, William F. and Dakovski, Georgi L. and Minitti, Michael P. and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander and Wolf, Martin and Wurth, Wilfried and Ogasawara, Hirohito and Norskov, Jens K. and Ostrom, Henrik and Pettersson, Lars G. M. and Nilsson, Anders and Abild-Pedersen, Frank}, title = {Strong Influence of Coadsorbate Interaction on CO Desorption Dynamics on Ru(0001) Probed by Ultrafast X-Ray Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Simulations}, series = {Physical review letters}, volume = {114}, journal = {Physical review letters}, number = {15}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {0031-9007}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.156101}, pages = {6}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We show that coadsorbed oxygen atoms have a dramatic influence on the CO desorption dynamics from Ru(0001). In contrast to the precursor-mediated desorption mechanism on Ru(0001), the presence of surface oxygen modifies the electronic structure of Ru atoms such that CO desorption occurs predominantly via the direct pathway. This phenomenon is directly observed in an ultrafast pump-probe experiment using a soft x-ray free-electron laser to monitor the dynamic evolution of the valence electronic structure of the surface species. This is supported with the potential of mean force along the CO desorption path obtained from density-functional theory calculations. Charge density distribution and frozen-orbital analysis suggest that the oxygen-induced reduction of the Pauli repulsion, and consequent increase of the dative interaction between the CO 5 sigma and the charged Ru atom, is the electronic origin of the distinct desorption dynamics. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of CO desorption from Ru(0001) and oxygen-coadsorbed Ru(0001) provide further insights into the surface bond-breaking process.}, language = {en} } @misc{XiangHofreiterZhao2015, author = {Xiang, Hai and Hofreiter, Michael and Zhao, Xingbo}, title = {Reply to Peng et al.: Archaeological contexts should not be ignored for early chicken domestication}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {112}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {16}, publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1502207112}, pages = {E1972 -- E1973}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @misc{XiangGaoYuetal.2015, author = {Xiang, Hai and Gao, Jianqiang and Yu, Baoquan and Hofreiter, Michael and Zhao, Xingbo}, title = {Reply to Peters et al.: Further discussions confirm early Holocene chicken domestication in northern China}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {112}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {19}, publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1503956112}, pages = {E2416 -- E2416}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{WuerznerSchroeder2015, author = {W{\"u}rzner, Kay-Michael and Schroeder, Sascha}, title = {Morphologische und phonologische Repr{\"a}sentationen in childLex}, series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen prim{\"a}rer St{\"o}rungsbilder}, journal = {Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen prim{\"a}rer St{\"o}rungsbilder}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79842}, pages = {183 -- 200}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @article{WuerfelNeherSpiesetal.2015, author = {W{\"u}rfel, Uli and Neher, Dieter and Spies, Annika and Albrecht, Steve}, title = {Impact of charge transport on current-voltage characteristics and power-conversion efficiency of organic solar cells}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {6}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/ncomms7951}, pages = {9}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This work elucidates the impact of charge transport on the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells. Here we show that the analysis of current-voltage curves of organic solar cells under illumination with the Shockley equation results in values for ideality factor, photo-current and parallel resistance, which lack physical meaning. Drift-diffusion simulations for a wide range of charge-carrier mobilities and illumination intensities reveal significant carrier accumulation caused by poor transport properties, which is not included in the Shockley equation. As a consequence, the separation of the quasi Fermi levels in the organic photoactive layer (internal voltage) differs substantially from the external voltage for almost all conditions. We present a new analytical model, which considers carrier transport explicitly. The model shows excellent agreement with full drift-diffusion simulations over a wide range of mobilities and illumination intensities, making it suitable for realistic efficiency predictions for organic solar cells.}, language = {en} } @book{WaetzoldtGiese2015, author = {W{\"a}tzoldt, Sebastian and Giese, Holger}, title = {Modeling collaborations in self-adaptive systems of systems}, number = {96}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-324-4}, issn = {1613-5652}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-73036}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {72}, year = {2015}, abstract = {An increasing demand on functionality and flexibility leads to an integration of beforehand isolated system solutions building a so-called System of Systems (SoS). Furthermore, the overall SoS should be adaptive to react on changing requirements and environmental conditions. Due SoS are composed of different independent systems that may join or leave the overall SoS at arbitrary point in times, the SoS structure varies during the systems lifetime and the overall SoS behavior emerges from the capabilities of the contained subsystems. In such complex system ensembles new demands of understanding the interaction among subsystems, the coupling of shared system knowledge and the influence of local adaptation strategies to the overall resulting system behavior arise. In this report, we formulate research questions with the focus of modeling interactions between system parts inside a SoS. Furthermore, we define our notion of important system types and terms by retrieving the current state of the art from literature. Having a common understanding of SoS, we discuss a set of typical SoS characteristics and derive general requirements for a collaboration modeling language. Additionally, we retrieve a broad spectrum of real scenarios and frameworks from literature and discuss how these scenarios cope with different characteristics of SoS. Finally, we discuss the state of the art for existing modeling languages that cope with collaborations for different system types such as SoS.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wust2015, author = {Wust, Johannes}, title = {Mixed workload managment for in-memory databases}, pages = {VIII, 167}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @misc{WuGlebeBoeker2015, author = {Wu, Lei and Glebe, Ulrich and B{\"o}ker, Alexander}, title = {Surface-initiated controlled radical polymerizations from silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and bionanoparticles}, series = {Polymer Chemistry}, volume = {6}, journal = {Polymer Chemistry}, number = {29}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1759-9954}, doi = {10.1039/c5py00525f}, pages = {5143 -- 5184}, year = {2015}, abstract = {In recent years, core/shell nanohybrids containing a nanoparticle core and a distinct surrounding shell of polymer brushes have received extensive attention in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, catalysis, nanopatterning, drug delivery, biosensing, and many others. From the large variety of existing polymerization methods on the one hand and strategies for grafting onto nanoparticle surfaces on the other hand, the combination of grafting-from with controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques has turned out to be the best suited for synthesizing these well-defined core/shell nanohybrids and is known as surface-initiated CRP. Most common among these are surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and surface-initiated nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). This review highlights the state of the art of growing polymers from nanoparticles using surface-initiated CRP techniques. We focus on mechanistic aspects, synthetic procedures, and the formation of complex architectures as well as novel properties. From the vast number of examples of nanoparticle/polymer hybrids formed by surface-initiated CRP techniques, we present nanohybrid formation from the particularly important and most studied silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and proteins which can be regarded as bionanoparticles.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wollny2015, author = {Wollny, Anna Irena}, title = {Eigeninitiative in der Kindheit und ihre Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Entwicklung der Lesekompetenz}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {313}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @article{WolffSchindlerBrand2015, author = {Wolff, Wanja and Schindler, Sebastian and Brand, Ralf}, title = {The Effect of Implicitly Incentivized Faking on Explicit and Implicit Measures of Doping Attitude: When Athletes Want to Pretend an Even More Negative Attitude to Doping}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {10}, journal = {PLoS one}, number = {4}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0118507}, pages = {10}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Implicit Association Test (IAT) aims to measure participants' automatic evaluation of an attitude object and is useful especially for the measurement of attitudes related to socially sensitive subjects, e.g. doping in sports. Several studies indicate that IAT scores can be faked on instruction. But fully or semi-instructed research scenarios might not properly reflect what happens in more realistic situations, when participants secretly decide to try faking the test. The present study is the first to investigate IAT faking when there is only an implicit incentive to do so. Sixty-five athletes (22.83 years +/- 2.45; 25 women) were randomly assigned to an incentive-to-fake condition or a control condition. Participants in the incentive-to-fake condition were manipulated to believe that athletes with lenient doping attitudes would be referred to a tedious 45-minute anti-doping program. Attitudes were measured with the pictorial doping brief IAT (BIAT) and with the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). A one-way MANOVA revealed significant differences between conditions after the manipulation in PEAS scores, but not in the doping BIAT. In the light of our hypothesis this suggests that participants successfully faked an exceedingly negative attitude to doping when completing the PEAS, but were unsuccessful in doing so on the reaction time-based test. This study assessed BIAT faking in a setting that aimed to resemble a situation in which participants want to hide their attempts to cheat. The two measures of attitude were differentially affected by the implicit incentive. Our findings provide evidence that the pictorial doping BIAT is relatively robust against spontaneous and naive faking attempts. (B) IATs might be less prone to faking than implied by previous studies.}, language = {en} } @misc{WolffSchindlerBrand2015, author = {Wolff, Wanja and Schindler, Sebastian and Brand, Ralf}, title = {The effect of implicitly incentivized faking on explicit and implicit measures of doping attitude}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {524}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-40985}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409854}, pages = {10}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The Implicit Association Test (IAT) aims to measure participants' automatic evaluation of an attitude object and is useful especially for the measurement of attitudes related to socially sensitive subjects, e.g. doping in sports. Several studies indicate that IAT scores can be faked on instruction. But fully or semi-instructed research scenarios might not properly reflect what happens in more realistic situations, when participants secretly decide to try faking the test. The present study is the first to investigate IAT faking when there is only an implicit incentive to do so. Sixty-five athletes (22.83 years +/- 2.45; 25 women) were randomly assigned to an incentive-to-fake condition or a control condition. Participants in the incentive-to-fake condition were manipulated to believe that athletes with lenient doping attitudes would be referred to a tedious 45-minute anti-doping program. Attitudes were measured with the pictorial doping brief IAT (BIAT) and with the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). A one-way MANOVA revealed significant differences between conditions after the manipulation in PEAS scores, but not in the doping BIAT. In the light of our hypothesis this suggests that participants successfully faked an exceedingly negative attitude to doping when completing the PEAS, but were unsuccessful in doing so on the reaction time-based test. This study assessed BIAT faking in a setting that aimed to resemble a situation in which participants want to hide their attempts to cheat. The two measures of attitude were differentially affected by the implicit incentive. Our findings provide evidence that the pictorial doping BIAT is relatively robust against spontaneous and naive faking attempts. (B) IATs might be less prone to faking than implied by previous studies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wohlfarth2015, author = {Wohlfarth, Kai}, title = {PPP: zu Finanzierungsformen, Kapitalmarktrelevanz und {\"o}ffentlicher Verschuldung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90216}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 184}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit thematisiert die Finanzierungsmodelle von Public-Private-Partnership-Projekten (PPP) und deren Refinanzierung durch die Kapitalgeber. Dabei wurden zwei zentrale Fragestellungen thematisiert. Erstens: F{\"u}hren PPP­Projekte zu einer Verschuldung der {\"o}ffentlichen Hand und sind sie entsprechend bei den Berechnungen der Konvergenzkriterien bzw. der Schulden- und Neuverschuldungsquoten zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen? Die zu pr{\"u}fende Arbeitshypothese geht von einer Verschuldung der {\"o}ffentlichen Hand in Folge von PPP-Projekten aus. Zweitens: Unterstellt wird eine bedeutsame Funktion von PPP f{\"u}r die Infrastrukturfinanzierung, wobei im Sinne einer Effizienzsteigerung die Passgenauigkeit beziehungsweise Konsistenz der haushaltsrechtlichen Regelungen mit den regulatorischen Vorgaben f{\"u}r die Kapitalgeber von PPP-Projekten analysiert wird. Diese Schnittstelle und die zur Generierung g{\"u}nstiger („kommunal{\"a}hnlicher") Finanzierungskonditionen notwendigen staatlichen Garantien bei PPP dr{\"a}ngt geradezu zu einem ordnungspolitischen Vergleich von Ans{\"a}tzen bzw. Projekten im Bereich PPP und in Cash-Flow-Kalk{\"u}len. Die Arbeit f{\"u}hrt mit einem gewissen gesamtwirtschaftlichen Fokus der PPP tief in die Analyse des Kapitalmarktes und der Bankenregulierung. Es erfolgt ein Vergleich der gedeckten Refinanzierungsinstrumente f{\"u}r PPP, die durch Forderungen besichert sind (Asset Backed Securities) und solche, die beispielsweise durch Forderungen gegen die {\"o}ffentliche Hand besichert sind (Covered Bonds). Letztere k{\"o}nnen auch grundpfandrechtlich gesichert sein. Hier setzt der Verfasser sp{\"a}ter seine Skizze eines „Infrastructure Covered Bonds" f{\"u}r die Finanzierung notwendiger Infrastrukturmaßnahmen nicht nur in Deutschland an, wobei das Wertpapier hier ausschließlich zur Finanzierung der Infrastruktur bei einem entsprechend neu zuschaffenden (Deckungs-) Registers begeben werden wird.}, language = {de} } @misc{WitzelNeugartRuppeletal.2015, author = {Witzel, Katja and Neugart, Susanne and Ruppel, Silke and Schreiner, Monika and Wiesner, Melanie and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Recent progress in the use of 'omics technologies in brassicaceous vegetables}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406479}, pages = {14}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'Omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. Many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus Brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescence (cauliflower, broccoli). Characterization at the genome, transcript, protein and metabolite levels has illustrated the complexity of the cellular response to a whole series of environmental stresses, including nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, heavy metal toxicity, cold acclimation, and excessive and sub optimal irradiation. This review covers recent applications of omics technologies to the brassicaceous vegetables, and discusses future scenarios in achieving improvements in crop end-use quality.}, language = {en} } @misc{WitzelNeugartRuppeletal.2015, author = {Witzel, Katja and Neugart, Susanne and Ruppel, Silke and Schreiner, Monika and Wiesner, Melanie and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Recent progress in the use of 'omics technologies in brassicaceous vegetables}, series = {Frontiers in plant science}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2015.00244}, pages = {14}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'Omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. Many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus Brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescence (cauliflower, broccoli). Characterization at the genome, transcript, protein and metabolite levels has illustrated the complexity of the cellular response to a whole series of environmental stresses, including nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, heavy metal toxicity, cold acclimation, and excessive and sub optimal irradiation. This review covers recent applications of omics technologies to the brassicaceous vegetables, and discusses future scenarios in achieving improvements in crop end-use quality.}, language = {en} } @article{WirthHatterDrostetal.2015, author = {Wirth, Jonas and Hatter, Nino and Drost, Robert and Umbach, Tobias R. and Barja, Sara and Zastrow, Matthias and R{\"u}ck-Braun, Karola and Pascual, Jose Ignacio and Saalfrank, Peter and Franke, Katharina J.}, title = {Diarylethene Molecules on a Ag(111) Surface: Stability and Electron-Induced Switching}, series = {The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces}, volume = {119}, journal = {The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces}, number = {9}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1932-7447}, doi = {10.1021/jp5122036}, pages = {4874 -- 4883}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Diarylethene derivatives are photochromic molecular switches, undergoing a ring-opening/-closing reaction by illumination with light. The symmetry of the closed form is determined by the WoodWard Hoffinann rules according to which the reaction proceeds by corirotatory rotation -in that case. Here, we show by a cOrnbined approach of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations that the Open isomer of 4,4'-(4,4'-(perfluorocydopent-1-ene-1,2-diyl)bis(5-methyl-thiophent-4,2,4-dipyridine) (PDTE) retains its open form upon adsorption on a Ag(111) surface. It caribe switched into a closed form, which we identify as the digrotatOly cydization product, by controlled manipulation 'With the STM tip, Evidence of an electric-field dependent switching-process 'is interpreted on the basis of a Simple electroStatic Model, which suggests that the reaction proceedS via an "upright" intermediate state. This pathway thus strongly differs from the switching reaction in solution.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WippertDriessleinDeWittHuberts2015, author = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and Driesslein, David and De Witt Huberts, Jessie}, title = {Prediction of pain outcomes by stress parameters}, series = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {61}, booktitle = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0306-4530}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.493}, pages = {38 -- 38}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{WippertDeWittHubertsKlipkeretal.2015, author = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and De Witt Huberts, Jessie and Klipker, Kathrin and Gantz, Simone and Schiltenwolf, Marcus and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Development and content of the behavioral therapy module of the MiSpEx intervention. Randomized, controlled trial on chronic nonspecific low back pain}, series = {Der Schmerz : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft zum Studium des Schmerzes, der {\"O}sterreichischen Schmerzgesellschaft und der Deutschen Interdisziplin{\"a}ren Vereinigung f{\"u}r Schmerztherapie}, volume = {29}, journal = {Der Schmerz : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft zum Studium des Schmerzes, der {\"O}sterreichischen Schmerzgesellschaft und der Deutschen Interdisziplin{\"a}ren Vereinigung f{\"u}r Schmerztherapie}, number = {6}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0932-433X}, doi = {10.1007/s00482-015-0044-y}, pages = {658 -- 663}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Back pain is a complex phenomenon that goes beyond a simple medical diagnosis. The aetiology and chronification of back pain can be best described as an interaction between biological, psychological, and social processes. However, to date, multimodal prevention and intervention programs for back pain that target all three aetiological factors have demonstrated limited effectiveness. This lack of supportive evidence for multimodal programmes in the treatment of back pain could be due to the fact that few programs are suitable for long-term and unsupervised use in everyday life. Moreover, in combining the elements from various therapies, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects of the separate components. In this contribution, we will describe the development of a new multimodal intervention for back pain that set out to address these limitations. To this end, the biological elements of neuromuscular adaptation is supplemented with cognitive behavioral and psychophysiological techniques in an intervention that can be followed at home as well as in clinics, and that is suitable for all grades of pain. The efficacy of this intervention will be tested in a multicentric randomized controlled longitudinal trial (n = 714) at five time points over a period of 6 months. Here we will describe the development and the content of this new intervention.}, language = {de} } @misc{WinterMatlockShakietal.2015, author = {Winter, Bodo and Matlock, Teenie and Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Mental number space in three dimensions}, series = {Neuroscience \& biobehavioral reviews : official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society}, volume = {57}, journal = {Neuroscience \& biobehavioral reviews : official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0149-7634}, doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.005}, pages = {209 -- 219}, year = {2015}, abstract = {A large number of experimental findings from neuroscience and experimental psychology demonstrated interactions between spatial cognition and numerical cognition. In particular, many researchers posited a horizontal mental number line, where small numbers are thought of as being to the left of larger numbers. This review synthesizes work on the mental association between space and number, indicating the existence of multiple spatial mappings: recent research has found associations between number and vertical space, as well as associations between number and near/far space. We discuss number space in three dimensions with an eye on potential origins of the different number mappings, and how these number mappings fit in with our current knowledge of brain organization and brain-culture interactions. We derive novel predictions and show how this research fits into a general view of cognition as embodied, grounded and situated. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @misc{Winst2015, author = {Winst, Silke}, title = {A Test to Narrate. Studies on Interpretation and contextualization of Charles's Literature 'Morant and Galie'}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur}, volume = {137}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur}, number = {1}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0005-8076}, doi = {10.1515/bgsl-2015-0012}, pages = {160 -- 164}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @article{WinklerAbel2015, author = {Winkler, Michael and Abel, Markus}, title = {Small- and large-scale characterization and mixing properties in a thermally driven thin liquid film}, series = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, volume = {92}, journal = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, number = {6}, publisher = {American Physical Society}, address = {College Park}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.92.063002}, pages = {10}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We study aqueous, freestanding, thin films stabilized by a surfactant with respect to mixing and dynamical systems properties. With this special setup, a two-dimensional fluid can be realized experimentally. The physics of the system involves a complex interplay of thermal convection and interface and gravitational forces. Methodologically, we characterize the system using two classical dynamical systems properties: Lyapunov exponents and entropies. Our experimental setup produces convection with two stable eddies by applying a temperature gradient in one spot that yields weakly turbulent mixing. From dynamical systems theory, one expects a relation of entropies, Lyapunov exponents, a prediction with little experimental support. We can confirm the corresponding statements experimentally, on different scales using different methods. On the small scale the motion and deformation of fluid filaments of equal size (color imaging velocimetry) are used to compute Lyapunov exponents. On the large scale, entropy is computed by tracking the left-right motion of the center fluid jet at the separatrix between the two convection rolls. We thus combine here dynamical systems methods with a concrete application of mixing in a nanoscale freestanding thin film.}, language = {en} } @misc{WilskeEccardZistlSchlingmannetal.2015, author = {Wilske, Burkhard and Eccard, Jana and Zistl-Schlingmann, Marcus and Hohmann, Maximilian and Methler, Annabel and Herde, Antje and Liesenjohann, Thilo and Dannenmann, Michael and Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus and Breuer, Lutz}, title = {Effects of short term bioturbation by common voles on biogeochemical soil variables}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {499}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-40837}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408375}, pages = {19}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Bioturbation contributes to soil formation and ecosystem functioning. With respect to the active transport of matter by voles, bioturbation may be considered as a very dynamic process among those shaping soil formation and biogeochemistry. The present study aimed at characterizing and quantifying the effects of bioturbation by voles on soil water relations and carbon and nitrogen stocks. Bioturbation effects were examined based on a field set up in a luvic arenosol comprising of eight 50 x 50 m enclosures with greatly different numbers of common vole (Microtus arvalis L., ca. 35-150 individuals ha(-1) mth(-1)). Eleven key soil variables were analyzed: bulk density, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity, contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N), CO2 emission potential, C/N ratio, the stable isotopic signatures of C-13 and N-15, and pH. The highest vole densities were hypothesized to cause significant changes in some variables within 21 months. Results showed that land history had still a major influence, as eight key variables displayed an additional or sole influence of topography. However, the delta N-15 at depths of 10-20 and 20-30 cm decreased and increased with increasing vole numbers, respectively. Also the CO2 emission potential from soil collected at a depth of 15-30 cm decreased and the C/N ratio at 5-10 cm depth narrowed with increasing vole numbers. These variables indicated the first influence of voles on the respective mineralization processes in some soil layers. Tendencies of vole activity homogenizing SOC and N contents across layers were not significant. The results of the other seven key variables did not confirm significant effects of voles. Thus overall, we found mainly a first response of variables that are indicative for changes in biogeochemical dynamics but not yet of those representing changes in pools.}, language = {en} } @article{WillnerBarrGlodnyetal.2015, author = {Willner, Arne P. and Barr, Sandra M. and Glodny, Johannes and Massonne, Hans-Joachim and Sudo, Masafumi and Thomson, Stuart N. and Van Staal, Cees R. and White, Chris E.}, title = {Effects of fluid flow, cooling and deformation as recorded by Ar-40/Ar-39, Rb-Sr and zircon fission track ages in very low- to low-grade metamorphic rocks in Avalonian SE Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia, Canada)}, series = {Geological magazine}, volume = {152}, journal = {Geological magazine}, number = {5}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0016-7568}, doi = {10.1017/S0016756814000508}, pages = {767 -- 787}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Ar-40/Ar-39 in situ UV laser ablation of white mica, Rb-Sr mineral isochrons and zircon fission track dating were applied to determine ages of very low- to low-grade metamorphic processes at 3.5 +/- 0.4 kbar, 280 +/- 30 degrees C in the Avalonian Mira terrane of SE Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia). The Mira terrane comprises Neoproterozoic volcanic-arc rocks overlain by Cambrian sedimentary rocks. Crystallization of metamorphic white mica was dated in six metavolcanic samples by Ar-40/Ar-39 spot age peaks between 396 +/- 3 and 363 +/- 14 Ma. Rb-Sr systematics of minerals and mineral aggregates yielded two isochrons at 389 +/- 7 Ma and 365 +/- 8 Ma, corroborating equilibrium conditions during very low- to low-grade metamorphism. The dated white mica is oriented parallel to foliations produced by sinistral strike-slip faulting and/or folding related to the Middle-Late Devonian transpressive assembly of Avalonian terranes during convergence and emplacement of the neighbouring Meguma terrane. Exhumation occurred earlier in the NW Mira terrane than in the SE. Transpression was related to the closure of the Rheic Ocean between Gondwana and Laurussia by NW-directed convergence. The Ar-40/Ar-39 spot age spectra also display relict age peaks at 477-465 Ma, 439 Ma and 420-428 Ma attributed to deformation and fluid access, possibly related to the collision of Avalonia with composite Laurentia or to earlier Ordovician-Silurian rifting. Fission track ages of zircon from Mira terrane samples range between 242 +/- 18 and 225 +/- 21 Ma and reflect late Palaeozoic reburial and reheating close to previous peak metamorphic temperatures under fluid-absent conditions during rifting prior to opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean.}, language = {en} } @misc{WillnerBarrGlodnyetal.2015, author = {Willner, Arne P. and Barr, Sandra M. and Glodny, Johannes and Massonne, Hans-Joachim and Sudo, Masafumi and Thomson, Stuart N. and Van Staal, Cees R. and White, Chris E.}, title = {Effects of fluid flow, cooling and deformation as recorded by 40Ar/39Ar, Rb-Sr and zircon fission track ages in very low- to low-grade metamorphic rocks in Avalonian SE Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia, Canada)}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {584}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41448}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414484}, pages = {767 -- 787}, year = {2015}, abstract = {40Ar/39Ar in situ UV laser ablation of white mica, Rb-Sr mineral isochrons and zircon fission track dating were applied to determine ages of very low- to low-grade metamorphic processes at 3.5±0.4 kbar, 280±30°C in the Avalonian Mira terrane of SE Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia). The Mira terrane comprises Neoproterozoic volcanic-arc rocks overlain by Cambrian sedimentary rocks. Crystallization of metamorphic white mica was dated in six metavolcanic samples by 40Ar/39Ar spot age peaks between 396±3 and 363±14 Ma. Rb-Sr systematics of minerals and mineral aggregates yielded two isochrons at 389±7 Ma and 365±8 Ma, corroborating equilibrium conditions during very low- to low-grade metamorphism. The dated white mica is oriented parallel to foliations produced by sinistral strike-slip faulting and/or folding related to the Middle-Late Devonian transpressive assembly of Avalonian terranes during convergence and emplacement of the neighbouring Meguma terrane. Exhumation occurred earlier in the NW Mira terrane than in the SE. Transpression was related to the closure of the Rheic Ocean between Gondwana and Laurussia by NW-directed convergence. The 40Ar/39Ar spot age spectra also display relict age peaks at 477-465 Ma, 439 Ma and 420-428 Ma attributed to deformation and fluid access, possibly related to the collision of Avalonia with composite Laurentia or to earlier Ordovician-Silurian rifting. Fission track ages of zircon from Mira terrane samples range between 242±18 and 225±21 Ma and reflect late Palaeozoic reburial and reheating close to previous peak metamorphic temperatures under fluid-absent conditions during rifting prior to opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean.}, language = {en} } @article{WilkeViethHillebrandNaumannetal.2015, author = {Wilke, Franziska Daniela Helena and Vieth-Hillebrand, Andrea and Naumann, Rudolf and Erzinger, J{\"o}rg and Horsfield, Brian}, title = {Induced mobility of inorganic and organic solutes from black shales using water extraction: Implications for shale gas exploitation}, series = {Applied geochemistry : journal of the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry}, volume = {63}, journal = {Applied geochemistry : journal of the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0883-2927}, doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.07.008}, pages = {158 -- 168}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The study reported here evaluates the degree to which metals, salt anions and organic compounds are released from shales by exposure to water, either in its pure form or mixed with additives commonly employed during shale gas exploitation. The experimental conditions used here were not intended to simulate the exploitation process itself, but nevertheless provided important insights into the effects additives have on solute partition behaviour under oxic to sub-oxic redox conditions. In order to investigate the mobility of major (e.g. Ca, Fe) and trace (e.g. As, Cd, Co, Mo, Pb, U) elements and selected organic compounds, we performed leaching tests with black shale samples from Bornholm, Denmark and Lower Saxony, Germany. Short-term experiments (24 h) were carried out at ambient pressure and temperatures of 100 degrees C using five different lab-made stimulation fluids. Two long-term experiments under elevated pressure and temperature conditions at 100 degrees C/100 bar were performed lasting 6 and 2 months, respectively, using a stimulation fluid containing commercially-available biocide, surfactant, friction reducer and clay stabilizer. Our results show that the amount of dissolved constituents at the end of the experiment is independent of the pH of the stimulation fluid but highly dependent on the composition of the black shale and the buffering capacity of specific components, namely pyrite and carbonates. Shales containing carbonates buffer the solution at pH 7-8. Sulphide minerals (e.g. pyrite) become oxidized and generate sulphuric acid leading to a pH of 2-3. This low pH is responsible for the overall much larger amount of cations dissolved from shales containing pyrite but little to no carbonate. The amount of elements released into the fluid is also dependent on the residence time, since as much as half of the measured 23 elements show highest concentrations within four days. Afterwards, the concentration of most of the elemental species decreased pointing to secondary precipitations. Generally, in our experiments less than 15\% of each analysed element contained in the black shale was mobilised into the fluid. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{WilkeSchmidtZiemann2015, author = {Wilke, Franziska Daniela Helena and Schmidt, Alexander and Ziemann, Martin Andreas}, title = {Subduction, peak and multi-stage exhumation metamorphism: Traces from one coesite-bearing eclogite, Tso Moran, western Himalaya}, series = {Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry}, volume = {231}, journal = {Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0024-4937}, doi = {10.1016/j.lithos2015.06.007}, pages = {77 -- 91}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP), coesite-bearing edogites in the Himalaya have been documented from the Kaghan Valley in Pakistan and the Tso Morani area in northwest India. These complexes are part of the northern edge of the Indian plate that has been subducted to, and metamorphosed at, mantle depths of more than 100 km before being exhumed. Both UHP complexes are located today directly adjacent to the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone and are not separated by non-metamorphosed sequences of Tethyan sediments from the Asian margin. Herein, we present new data for one fresh coesite-bearing eclogite from the Tso Moran massif. Therein, garnets are zoned reflecting their growth during prograde and peak metamorphism and showing a thin retrograde overgrowth. Inclusions can be directly correlated to the compositional zoning and are seen as either relicts of the protolith mineral paragenesis and as "snap shots" of the mineral paragenesis during subduction and under peak conditions. Rare earth element concentrations (REE) were obtained for garnet, mineral inclusions in garnet and matrix minerals. The REE pattern in garnet reflects a sequential change in matrix minerals and their proportions due to net transfer reactions during subduction and peak metamorphism. Using conventional geothermobarometry, a peak pressure of ca. 44-48 kbar at 560-760 degrees C followed by an S-shaped exhumation curve has been deduced. Gibbs free energy minimization modelling was used to supplement our analytical findings. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @book{WilhelmHummelbrunnerCausemannetal.2015, author = {Wilhelm, Jan Lorenz and Hummelbrunner, Richard and Causemann, Bernward and Mutter, Theo and Raab, Michaela and Bugenhagen, Anja and Smid, Hendrik}, title = {Evaluation komplexer Systeme}, editor = {Wilhelm, Jan Lorenz}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-336-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-78384}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {169}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Seit von Foerster k{\"o}nnen wir soziale Systeme als Black Boxes betrachten, zu deren Funktionsweise keine klaren Wenn-Dann-Aussagen m{\"o}glich erscheinen und deren Operationsweise sich f{\"u}r den Beobachter immer nur sequenziell und sprunghaft - und folglich nie ganzheitlich - darstellt. Jedes Bem{\"u}hen, ein soziales System tiefgr{\"u}ndig verstehen und abbilden zu wollen, kann somit schnell ein Gef{\"u}hl von Orientierungslosigkeit und {\"U}berforderung ausl{\"o}sen - {\"a}hnlich, wie w{\"a}hrend einer Achterbahnfahrt. F{\"u}r die Evaluationsdebatte resultiert aus dieser Sichtweise die Kernfrage, wie nun also im Rahmen von Evaluationen mit sozialer Komplexit{\"a}t umgegangen werden kann. An diese Frage ankn{\"u}pfend stellt der vorliegende Band das Feld der systemischen Therapie- und Beratungsans{\"a}tze als inspirierenden Fundus vor, aus welchem sich Konzepte, Methoden und Techniken zur Gestaltung von Evaluationsvorhaben ableiten lassen. Aber welche M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen offenbaren sich dabei? L{\"a}sst sich sozialer Komplexit{\"a}t mit Hilfe dieser Ans{\"a}tze besser begegnen? Welche Rahmenbedingungen sollten dabei erf{\"u}llt sein und wie lassen sich systemische von nicht-systemischen Ans{\"a}tzen unterscheiden?}, language = {de} } @article{WiggeringSteinhardt2015, author = {Wiggering, Hubert and Steinhardt, Uta}, title = {A conceptual model for site-specific agricultural land-use}, series = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, volume = {295}, journal = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-3800}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.08.011}, pages = {42 -- 46}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Land-use concepts provide decision support for the most efficient usage options according to sustainable development and multifunctionality requirements. However, developments in landscape-related, agricultural production schemes are primarily driven by economic benefits. Therefore, most agricultural land-use concepts tackle particular problems or interests and lack a systemic perspective. As a result, we discuss a conceptual model for future site-specific agricultural land-use with an inbuilt requirement for adequate experimental sites to enable monitoring systems for a new generation of ecosystem models and for new approaches to address science-stakeholder interactions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WiesnerBarknowitzFlorianetal.2015, author = {Wiesner, Melanie and Barknowitz, Gitte and Florian, Simone and Haack, Michael and Lehmann, Carsten and Lippmann, Doris and Mewis, Inga and Schumacher, Fabian and Brigelius-Floh{\´e}, Regina and Schreiner, Monika and Glatt, Hansruedi}, title = {Pak Choi Fed to Mice: Formation of DNA Adducts and Influence on Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes}, series = {NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY}, volume = {388}, booktitle = {NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0028-1298}, pages = {S68 -- S68}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{WiesmeierMunroBartholdetal.2015, author = {Wiesmeier, Martin and Munro, Sam and Barthold, Frauke Katrin and Steffens, Markus and Schad, Peter and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid}, title = {Carbon storage capacity of semi-arid grassland soils and sequestration potentials in northern China}, series = {Global change biology}, volume = {21}, journal = {Global change biology}, number = {10}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1354-1013}, doi = {10.1111/gcb.12957}, pages = {3836 -- 3845}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Organic carbon (OC) sequestration in degraded semi-arid environments by improved soil management is assumed to contribute substantially to climate change mitigation. However, information about the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential in steppe soils and their current saturation status remains unknown. In this study, we estimated the OC storage capacity of semi-arid grassland soils on the basis of remote, natural steppe fragments in northern China. Based on the maximum OC saturation of silt and clay particles <20m, OC sequestration potentials of degraded steppe soils (grazing land, arable land, eroded areas) were estimated. The analysis of natural grassland soils revealed a strong linear regression between the proportion of the fine fraction and its OC content, confirming the importance of silt and clay particles for OC stabilization in steppe soils. This relationship was similar to derived regressions in temperate and tropical soils but on a lower level, probably due to a lower C input and different clay mineralogy. In relation to the estimated OC storage capacity, degraded steppe soils showed a high OC saturation of 78-85\% despite massive SOC losses due to unsustainable land use. As a result, the potential of degraded grassland soils to sequester additional OC was generally low. This can be related to a relatively high contribution of labile SOC, which is preferentially lost in the course of soil degradation. Moreover, wind erosion leads to substantial loss of silt and clay particles and consequently results in a direct loss of the ability to stabilize additional OC. Our findings indicate that the SOC loss in semi-arid environments induced by intensive land use is largely irreversible. Observed SOC increases after improved land management mainly result in an accumulation of labile SOC prone to land use/climate changes and therefore cannot be regarded as contribution to long-term OC sequestration.}, language = {en} } @article{WieseEsatbeyogluWinterhalteretal.2015, author = {Wiese, Stefanie and Esatbeyoglu, Tuba and Winterhalter, Peter and Kruse, Hans-Peter and Winkler, Stephanie and Bub, Achim and Kulling, Sabine E.}, title = {Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ols: A randomized cross-over study in humans}, series = {Molecular nutrition \& food research : bioactivity, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, safety, technology}, volume = {59}, journal = {Molecular nutrition \& food research : bioactivity, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, safety, technology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {1613-4125}, doi = {10.1002/mnfr.201400422}, pages = {610 -- 621}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Scope: Flavan-3-ols are abundant polyphenols in human nutrition and are associated with beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the metabolic fate of (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and polymeric procyanidins in a randomized cross-over study in humans. Methods and results: Parent compounds, conjugates, and microbial metabolites were determined in plasma, urine, and faeces by HPLC-MS and GC-MS/MS. Glucuronidated, sulfated, and methylated (-)-epicatechin and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone were the dominant metabolites in blood and urine. In addition, minor amounts of procyanidin B1 and 4-hydroxy-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) valeric acid and their conjugated metabolites were detected. The formation of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone and 4-hydroxy-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl) valeric acid varied largely between individuals as well as with the degree of polymerization of flavan-3-ols. Monomer units were not detectable in plasma or urine after procyanidin B1 and polymeric procyanidin intake. No correlation was found between the intake of flavan-3-ols and the occurrence of phenolic acids in blood and urine or the phenolic compound profiles in faeces. Conclusion: In addition to conjugated metabolites derived from the absorption of monomeric flavan-3-ols, 5-(3',4' -dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone represents an important in vivo metabolite of (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B1 produced by the gut microbiota.}, language = {en} } @article{Wiese2015, author = {Wiese, Heike}, title = {"This migrants' babble is not a German dialect!": The interaction of standard language ideology and 'us'/'them' dichotomies in the public discourse on a multiethnolect}, series = {Language in society}, volume = {44}, journal = {Language in society}, number = {3}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0047-4045}, doi = {10.1017/S0047404515000226}, pages = {341 -- 368}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This article investigates a public debate in Germany that put a special spotlight on the interaction of standard language ideologies with social dichotomies, centering on the question of whether Kiezdeutsch, a new way of speaking in multilingual urban neighbourhoods, is a legitimate German dialect. Based on a corpus of emails and postings to media websites, I analyse central topoi in this debate and an underlying narrative on language and identity. Central elements of this narrative are claims of cultural elevation and cultural unity for an idealised standard language High German', a view of German dialects as part of a national folk culture, and the construction of an exclusive in-group of German' speakers who own this language and its dialects. The narrative provides a potent conceptual frame for the Othering of Kiezdeutsch and its speakers, and for the projection of social and sometimes racist deliminations onto the linguistic plane.}, language = {en} } @misc{Wiese2015, author = {Wiese, Heike}, title = {"This migrants' babble is not a German dialect!"}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosopische Fakult{\"a}t}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Philosopische Fakult{\"a}t}, number = {157}, issn = {1866-8380}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41476}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414764}, pages = {28}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This article investigates a public debate in Germany that put a special spotlight on the interaction of standard language ideologies with social dichotomies, centering on the question of whether Kiezdeutsch, a new way of speaking in multilingual urban neighbourhoods, is a legitimate German dialect. Based on a corpus of emails and postings to media websites, I analyse central topoi in this debate and an underlying narrative on language and identity. Central elements of this narrative are claims of cultural elevation and cultural unity for an idealised standard language High German', a view of German dialects as part of a national folk culture, and the construction of an exclusive in-group of German' speakers who own this language and its dialects. The narrative provides a potent conceptual frame for the Othering of Kiezdeutsch and its speakers, and for the projection of social and sometimes racist deliminations onto the linguistic plane.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wieland2015, author = {Wieland, Volkmar}, title = {Particle-in-cell simulations of perpendicular supernova shock fronts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-74532}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {v, 89}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The origin of cosmic rays was the subject of several studies for over a century. The investigations done within this dissertation are one small step to shed some more light on this mystery. Locating the sources of cosmic rays is not trivial due to the interstellar magnetic field. However, the Hillas criterion allows us to arrive at the conclusion that supernova remnants are our main suspect for the origin of galactic cosmic rays. The mechanism by which they are accelerating particles is found within the field of shock physics as diffusive shock acceleration. To allow particles to enter this process also known as Fermi acceleration pre-acceleration processes like shock surfing acceleration and shock drift acceleration are necessary. Investigating the processes happening in the plasma shocks of supernova remnants is possible by utilising a simplified model which can be simulated on a computer using Particle-in-Cell simulations. We developed a new and clean setup to simulate the formation of a double shock, i.e., consisting of a forward and a reverse shock and a contact discontinuity, by the collision of two counter-streaming plasmas, in which a magnetic field can be woven into. In a previous work, we investigated the processes at unmagnetised and at magnetised parallel shocks, whereas in the current work, we move our investigation on to magnetised perpendicular shocks. Due to a much stronger confinement of the particles to the collision region the perpendicular shock develops much faster than the parallel shock. On the other hand, this leads to much weaker turbulence. We are able to find indications for shock surfing acceleration and shock drift acceleration happening at the two shocks leading to populations of pre-accelerated particles that are suitable as a seed population to be injected into further diffusive shock acceleration to be accelerated to even higher energies. We observe the development of filamentary structures in the shock ramp of the forward shock, but not at the reverse shock. This leads to the conclusion that the development of such structures in the shock ramp of quasi-perpendicular collisionless shocks might not necessarily be determined by the existence of a critical sonic Mach number but by a critical shock speed. The results of the investigations done within this dissertation might be useful for further studies of oblique shocks and for studies using hybrid or magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Together with more sophisticated observational methods, these studies will help to bring us closer to an answer as to how particles can be accelerated in supernova remnants and eventually become cosmic rays that can be detected on Earth.}, language = {en} } @article{WiebkingNorthoff2015, author = {Wiebking, Christine and Northoff, Georg}, title = {Neural activity during interoceptive awareness and its associations with alexithymia-An fMRI study in major depressive disorder and non-psychiatric controls}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00589}, pages = {16}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Objective: Alexithymia relates to difficulties recognizing and describing emotions. It has been linked to subjectively increased interoceptive awareness (IA) and to psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and somatization. MDD in turn is characterized by aberrant emotion processing and IA on the subjective as well as on the neural level. However, a link between neural activity in response to IA and alexithymic traits in health and depression remains unclear. Methods: A well-established fMRI task was used to investigate neural activity during IA (heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (tone counting) in non-psychiatric controls (NC) and MDD. Firstly, comparing MDD and NC, a linear relationship between IA-related activity and scores of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was investigated through whole-brain regression. Secondly, NC were divided by median-split of TAS scores into groups showing low (NC-low) or high (NC-high) alexithymia. MDD and NC-high showed equally high TAS scores. Subsequently, IA-related neural activity was compared on a whole-brain level between the three independent samples (MDD, NC-low, NC-high). Results: Whole-brain regressions between MDD and NC revealed neural differences during IA as a function of TAS-DD (subscale difficulty describing feelings) in the supragenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC; BA 24/32), which were due to negative associations between TAS-DD and IA-related activity in NC. Contrasting NC subgroups after median-split on a whole-brain level, high TAS scores were associated with decreased neural activity during IA in the sACC and increased insula activity. Though having equally high alexithymia scores, NC-high showed increased insula activity during IA compared to MDD, whilst both groups showed decreased activity in the sACC. Conclusions: Within the context of decreased sACC activity during IA in alexithymia (NC-high and MDD), increased insula activity might mirror a compensatory mechanism in NC-high, which is disrupted in MDD.}, language = {en} } @article{WiebkingNorthoff2015, author = {Wiebking, Christine and Northoff, Georg}, title = {Neural activity during interoceptive awareness and its associations with alexithymia}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, number = {589}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00589}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Objective: Alexithymia relates to difficulties recognizing and describing emotions. It has been linked to subjectively increased interoceptive awareness (IA) and to psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and somatization. MDD in turn is characterized by aberrant emotion processing and IA on the subjective as well as on the neural level. However, a link between neural activity in response to IA and alexithymic traits in health and depression remains unclear. Methods: A well-established fMRI task was used to investigate neural activity during IA (heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (tone counting) in non-psychiatric controls (NC) and MDD. Firstly, comparing MDD and NC, a linear relationship between IA-related activity and scores of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was investigated through whole-brain regression. Secondly, NC were divided by median-split of TAS scores into groups showing low (NC-low) or high (NC-high) alexithymia. MDD and NC-high showed equally high TAS scores. Subsequently, IA-related neural activity was compared on a whole-brain level between the three independent samples (MDD, NC-low, NC-high). Results: Whole-brain regressions between MDD and NC revealed neural differences during IA as a function of TAS-DD (subscale difficulty describing feelings) in the supragenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC; BA 24/32), which were due to negative associations between TAS-DD and IA-related activity in NC. Contrasting NC subgroups after median-split on a whole-brain level, high TAS scores were associated with decreased neural activity during IA in the sACC and increased insula activity. Though having equally high alexithymia scores, NC-high showed increased insula activity during IA compared to MDD, whilst both groups showed decreased activity in the sACC. Conclusions: Within the context of decreased sACC activity during IA in alexithymia (NC-high and MDD), increased insula activity might mirror a compensatory mechanism in NC-high, which is disrupted in MDD.}, language = {en} } @misc{WiebkingNorthoff2015, author = {Wiebking, Christine and Northoff, Georg}, title = {Neural activity during interoceptive awareness and its associations with alexithymia}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-78726}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Objective: Alexithymia relates to difficulties recognizing and describing emotions. It has been linked to subjectively increased interoceptive awareness (IA) and to psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and somatization. MDD in turn is characterized by aberrant emotion processing and IA on the subjective as well as on the neural level. However, a link between neural activity in response to IA and alexithymic traits in health and depression remains unclear. Methods: A well-established fMRI task was used to investigate neural activity during IA (heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (tone counting) in non-psychiatric controls (NC) and MDD. Firstly, comparing MDD and NC, a linear relationship between IA-related activity and scores of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) was investigated through whole-brain regression. Secondly, NC were divided by median-split of TAS scores into groups showing low (NC-low) or high (NC-high) alexithymia. MDD and NC-high showed equally high TAS scores. Subsequently, IA-related neural activity was compared on a whole-brain level between the three independent samples (MDD, NC-low, NC-high). Results: Whole-brain regressions between MDD and NC revealed neural differences during IA as a function of TAS-DD (subscale difficulty describing feelings) in the supragenual anterior cingulate cortex (sACC; BA 24/32), which were due to negative associations between TAS-DD and IA-related activity in NC. Contrasting NC subgroups after median-split on a whole-brain level, high TAS scores were associated with decreased neural activity during IA in the sACC and increased insula activity. Though having equally high alexithymia scores, NC-high showed increased insula activity during IA compared to MDD, whilst both groups showed decreased activity in the sACC. Conclusions: Within the context of decreased sACC activity during IA in alexithymia (NC-high and MDD), increased insula activity might mirror a compensatory mechanism in NC-high, which is disrupted in MDD.}, language = {en} } @article{WiebkingdeGreckDuncanetal.2015, author = {Wiebking, Christine and de Greck, Moritz and Duncan, Niall W. and Tempelmann, Claus and Bajbouj, Malek and Northoff, Georg}, title = {Interoception in insula subregions as a possible state marker for depression}, series = {Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience}, journal = {Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience}, number = {9}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1662-5153}, doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00082}, pages = {14}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Interoceptive awareness (iA), the awareness of stimuli originating inside the body, plays an important role in human emotions and psychopathology. The insula is particularly involved in neural processes underlying iA. However, iA-related neural activity in the insula during the acute state of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in remission from depression has not been explored. Methods: A well-established fMRI paradigm for studying (iA; heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (eA; tone counting) was used. Study participants formed three independent groups: patients suffering from MDD, patients in remission from MDD or healthy controls. Task-induced neural activity in three functional subdivisions of the insula was compared between these groups. Results: Depressed participants showed neural hypo-responses during iA in anterior insula regions, as compared to both healthy and remitted participants. The right dorsal anterior insula showed the strongest response to iA across all participant groups. In depressed participants there was no differentiation between different stimuli types in this region (i.e., between iA, eA and noTask). Healthy and remitted participants in contrast showed clear activity differences. Conclusions: This is the first study comparing iA and eA-related activity in the insula in depressed participants to that in healthy and remitted individuals. The preliminary results suggest that these groups differ in there being hypo-responses across insula regions in the depressed participants, whilst non-psychiatric participants and patients in remission from MDD show the same neural activity during iA in insula subregions implying a possible state marker for MDD. The lack of activity differences between different stimulus types in the depressed group may account for their symptoms of altered external and internal focus.}, language = {en} } @article{WiebkingdeGreckDuncanetal.2015, author = {Wiebking, Christine and de Greck, Moritz and Duncan, Niall W. and Tempelmann, Claus and Bajbouj, Malek and Northoff, Georg}, title = {Interoception in insula subregions as a possible state marker for depression - an exploratory fMRI study investigating healthy, depressed and remitted participants}, series = {Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1662-5153}, doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00082}, pages = {33}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Interoceptive awareness, the awareness of stimuli originating inside the body, plays an important role in human emotions and psychopathology. The insula is particularly involved in neural processes underlying iA. However, iA-related neural activity in the insula during the acute state of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in remission from depression has not been explored. Methods: A well-established fMRI paradigm for studying interoceptive awareness (iA; heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (eA; tone counting) was used. Study participants formed three independent groups: patients suffering from MDD, patients in remission from MDD or healthy controls. Task-induced neural activity in three functional subdivisions of the insula was compared between these groups. Results: Depressed participants showed neural hypo-responses during iA in anterior insula regions, as compared to both healthy and remitted participants. The right dorsal anterior insula showed the strongest response to iA across all participant groups. In depressed participants there was no differentiation between different stimuli types in this region (i.e., between iA, eA and noTask). Healthy and remitted participants in contrast showed clear activity differences. Conclusions: This is the first study comparing iA and eA-related activity in the insula in depressed participants to that in healthy and remitted individuals. The preliminary results suggest that these groups differ in there being hypo-responses across insula regions in the depressed participants, whilst healthy participants and patients in remission from MDD show the same neural activity during iA in insula subregions implying a possible state marker for MDD. The lack of activity differences between different stimulus types in the depressed group may account for their symptoms of altered external and internal focus.}, language = {en} } @misc{WiebkingdeGreckDuncanetal.2015, author = {Wiebking, Christine and de Greck, Moritz and Duncan, Niall W. and Tempelmann, Claus and Bajbouj, Malek and Northoff, Georg}, title = {Interoception in insula subregions as a possible state marker for depression}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-75161}, pages = {14}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background: Interoceptive awareness (iA), the awareness of stimuli originating inside the body, plays an important role in human emotions and psychopathology. The insula is particularly involved in neural processes underlying iA. However, iA-related neural activity in the insula during the acute state of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in remission from depression has not been explored. Methods: A well-established fMRI paradigm for studying (iA; heartbeat counting) and exteroceptive awareness (eA; tone counting) was used. Study participants formed three independent groups: patients suffering from MDD, patients in remission from MDD or healthy controls. Task-induced neural activity in three functional subdivisions of the insula was compared between these groups. Results: Depressed participants showed neural hypo-responses during iA in anterior insula regions, as compared to both healthy and remitted participants. The right dorsal anterior insula showed the strongest response to iA across all participant groups. In depressed participants there was no differentiation between different stimuli types in this region (i.e., between iA, eA and noTask). Healthy and remitted participants in contrast showed clear activity differences. Conclusions: This is the first study comparing iA and eA-related activity in the insula in depressed participants to that in healthy and remitted individuals. The preliminary results suggest that these groups differ in there being hypo-responses across insula regions in the depressed participants, whilst non-psychiatric participants and patients in remission from MDD show the same neural activity during iA in insula subregions implying a possible state marker for MDD. The lack of activity differences between different stimulus types in the depressed group may account for their symptoms of altered external and internal focus.}, language = {en} } @article{WichuraJacobsLinetal.2015, author = {Wichura, Henry and Jacobs, Louis L. and Lin, Andrew and Polcyn, Michael J. and Manthi, Fredrick K. and Winkler, Dale A. and Strecker, Manfred and Clemens, Matthew}, title = {A 17-My-old whale constrains onset of uplift and climate change in east Africa}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {112}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {13}, publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1421502112}, pages = {3910 -- 3915}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Timing and magnitude of surface uplift are key to understanding the impact of crustal deformation and topographic growth on atmospheric circulation, environmental conditions, and surface processes. Uplift of the East African Plateau is linked to mantle processes, but paleoaltimetry data are too scarce to constrain plateau evolution and subsequent vertical motions associated with rifting. Here, we assess the paleotopographic implications of a beaked whale fossil (Ziphiidae) from the Turkana region of Kenya found 740 km inland from the present-day coastline of the Indian Ocean at an elevation of 620 m. The specimen is similar to 17 My old and represents the oldest derived beaked whale known, consistent with molecular estimates of the emergence of modern straptoothed whales (Mesoplodon). The whale traveled from the Indian Ocean inland along an eastward-directed drainage system controlled by the Cretaceous Anza Graben and was stranded slightly above sea level. Surface uplift from near sea level coincides with paleoclimatic change from a humid environment to highly variable and much drier conditions, which altered biotic communities and drove evolution in east Africa, including that of primates.}, language = {en} } @misc{WichaKeesSolmsetal.2015, author = {Wicha, Sebastian G. and Kees, Martin G. and Solms, Alexander Maximilian and Minichmayr, Iris K. and Kratzer, Alexander and Kloft, Charlotte}, title = {TDMx: A novel web-based open-access support tool for optimising antimicrobial dosing regimens in clinical routine}, series = {International journal of antimicrobial agents}, volume = {45}, journal = {International journal of antimicrobial agents}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0924-8579}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.010}, pages = {442 -- 444}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wettstein2015, author = {Wettstein, Christoph}, title = {Cytochrome c-DNA and cytochrome c-enzyme interactions for the construction of analytical signal chains}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-78367}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {120}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Electron transfer (ET) reactions play a crucial role in the metabolic pathways of all organisms. In biotechnological approaches, the redox properties of the protein cytochrome c (cyt c), which acts as an electron shuttle in the respiratory chain, was utilized to engineer ET chains on electrode surfaces. With the help of the biopolymer DNA, the redox protein assembles into electro active multilayer (ML) systems, providing a biocompatible matrix for the entrapment of proteins. In this study the characteristics of the cyt c and DNA interaction were defined on the molecular level for the first time and the binding sites of DNA on cyt c were identified. Persistent cyt c/DNA complexes were formed in solution under the assembly conditions of ML architectures, i.e. pH 5.0 and low ionic strength. At pH 7.0, no agglomerates were formed, permitting the characterization of the NMR spectroscopy. Using transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy (TROSY)-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) experiments, DNAs' binding sites on the protein were identified. In particular, negatively charged AA residues, which are known interaction sites in cyt c/protein binding were identified as the main contact points of cyt c and DNA. Moreover, the sophisticated task of arranging proteins on electrode surfaces to create functional ET chains was addressed. Therefore, two different enzyme types, the flavin dependent fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) and the pyrroloquinoline quinone dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH), were tested as reaction partners of freely diffusing cyt c and cyt c immobilized on electrodes in mono- and MLs. The characterisation of the ET processes was performed by means of electrochemistry and the protein deposition was monitored by microgravimetric measurements. FDH and PQQ-GDH were found to be generally suitable for combination with the cyt c/DNA ML system, since both enzymes interact with cyt c in solution and in the immobilized state. The immobilization of FDH and cyt c was achieved with the enzyme on top of a cyt c monolayer electrode without the help of a polyelectrolyte. Combining FDH with the cyt c/DNA ML system did not succeed, yet. However, the basic conditions for this protein-protein interaction were defined. PQQ-GDH was successfully coupled with the ML system, demonstrating that that the cyt c/DNA ML system provides a suitable interface for enzymes and that the creation of signal chains, based on the idea of co-immobilized proteins is feasible. Future work may be directed to the investigation of cyt c/DNA interaction under the precise conditions of ML assembly. Therefore, solid state NMR or X-ray crystallography may be required. Based on the results of this study, the combination of FDH with the ML system should be addressed. Moreover, alternative types of enzymes may be tested as catalytic component of the ML assembly, aiming on the development of innovative biosensor applications.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Westphal2015, author = {Westphal, Andrea}, title = {Diagnostische Kompetenzen von Lehrkr{\"a}ften}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {94}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @article{WessonMelnickCisternasetal.2015, author = {Wesson, Robert L. and Melnick, Daniel and Cisternas, Marco and Moreno, Marcos and Ely, Lisa L.}, title = {Vertical deformation through a complete seismic cycle at Isla Santa Maria, Chile}, series = {Nature geoscience}, volume = {8}, journal = {Nature geoscience}, number = {7}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {New York}, issn = {1752-0894}, doi = {10.1038/NGEO2468}, pages = {547 -- U157}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Individual great earthquakes are posited to release the elastic strain energy that has accumulated over centuries by the gradual movement of tectonic plates(1,2). However, knowledge of plate deformation during a complete seismic cycle-two successive great earthquakes and the intervening interseismic period-remains incomplete(3). A complete seismic cycle began in south-central Chile in 1835 with an earthquake of about magnitude 8.5 (refs 4,5) and ended in 2010 with a magnitude 8.8 earthquake(6). During the first earthquake, an uplift of Isla Santa Maria by 2.4 to 3m was documented(4,5). In the second earthquake, the island was uplifted(7) by 1.8 m. Here we use nautical surveys made in 1804, after the earthquake in 1835 and in 1886, together with modern echo sounder surveys and GPS measurements made immediately before and after the 2010 earthquake, to quantify vertical deformation through the complete seismic cycle. We find that in the period between the two earthquakes, Isla Santa Maria subsided by about 1.4 m. We simulate the patterns of vertical deformation with a finite-element model and find that they agree broadly with predictions from elastic rebound theory(2). However, comparison with geomorphic and geologic records of millennial coastline emergence(8,9) reveal that 10-20\% of the vertical uplift could be permanent.}, language = {en} } @article{WessigMerkelMueller2015, author = {Wessig, Pablo and Merkel, Roswitha and Mueller, Peter}, title = {Articulated rods - a novel class of molecular rods based on oligospiroketals (OSK)}, series = {Beilstein journal of organic chemistry}, volume = {11}, journal = {Beilstein journal of organic chemistry}, publisher = {Beilstein-Institut zur F{\"o}rderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften}, address = {Frankfurt, Main}, issn = {1860-5397}, doi = {10.3762/bjoc.11.11}, pages = {74 -- 84}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We developed a new type of molecular rods consisting of two (or more) rigid units linked by a flexible joint. Consequently we called these constructs articulated rods (ARs). The syntheses of ARs were carried out by a flexible and modular approach providing access to a number of compounds with various functionalizations in terminal positions. First applications were presented with pyrene, cinnamoyl and anthracenyl labelled ARs.}, language = {en} } @article{WessigBudachThuenemann2015, author = {Wessig, Pablo and Budach, Dennis B. and Th{\"u}nemann, Andreas F.}, title = {Dendrimers with Oligospiroketal (OSK) Building Blocks: Synthesis and Properties}, series = {Chemistry - a European journal}, volume = {21}, journal = {Chemistry - a European journal}, number = {29}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0947-6539}, doi = {10.1002/chem.201501386}, pages = {10466 -- 10471}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The development of novel dendrimers containing oligospiroketal (OSK) rods as building blocks is described. The linkage between the core unit (CU), branching units (BU), and OSK rods relies on the CuAAC reaction between terminal alkynes and azides. Two different strategies of dendrimer synthesis were investigated and it was found that the convergent approach is clearly superior to the divergent one. SAXS measurements and MD simulations indicate that the obtained dendrimer features a globular structure with very low density. Obviously, the OSK rods stabilize a rather loose mass-fractal structure.}, language = {en} } @article{WernetKunnusJosefssonetal.2015, author = {Wernet, Philippe and Kunnus, Kristjan and Josefsson, Ida and Rajkovic, Ivan and Quevedo, Wilson and Beye, Martin and Schreck, Simon and Gruebel, S. and Scholz, Mirko and Nordlund, Dennis and Zhang, Wenkai and Hartsock, Robert W. and Schlotter, William F. and Turner, Joshua J. and Kennedy, Brian and Hennies, Franz and de Groot, Frank M. F. and Gaffney, Kelly J. and Techert, Simone and Odelius, Michael and F{\"o}hlisch, Alexander}, title = {Orbital-specific mapping of the ligand exchange dynamics of Fe(CO)(5) in solution}, series = {Nature : the international weekly journal of science}, volume = {520}, journal = {Nature : the international weekly journal of science}, number = {7545}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {0028-0836}, doi = {10.1038/nature14296}, pages = {78 -- 81}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Transition-metal complexes have long attracted interest for fundamental chemical reactivity studies and possible use in solar energy conversion(1,2). Electronic excitation, ligand loss from the metal centre, or a combination of both, creates changes in charge and spin density at the metal site(3-11) that need to be controlled to optimize complexes for photocatalytic hydrogen production(8) and selective carbon-hydrogen bond activation(9-11). An understanding at the molecular level of how transition-metal complexes catalyse reactions, and in particular of the role of the short-lived and reactive intermediate states involved, will be critical for such optimization. However, suitable methods for detailed characterization of electronic excited states have been lacking. Here we show, with the use of X-ray laser-based femtosecond-resolution spectroscopy and advanced quantum chemical theory to probe the reaction dynamics of the benchmark transition-metal complex Fe(CO)(5) in solution, that the photo-induced removal of CO generates the 16-electron Fe(CO)(4) species, a homogeneous catalyst(12,13) with an electron deficiency at the Fe centre(14,15), in a hitherto unreported excited singlet state that either converts to the triplet ground state or combines with a CO or solvent molecule to regenerate a penta-coordinated Fe species on a sub-picosecond timescale. This finding, which resolves the debate about the relative importance of different spin channels in the photochemistry of Fe(CO)(5) (refs 4, 16-20), was made possible by the ability of femtosecond X-ray spectroscopy to probe frontier-orbital interactions with atom specificity. We expect the method to be broadly applicable in the chemical sciences, and to complement approaches that probe structural dynamics in ultrafast processes.}, language = {en} } @article{Werner2015, author = {Werner, Anja}, title = {Alexander von Humboldt's footnotes}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XV}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {28}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-84076}, pages = {59 -- 67}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Alexander von Humboldts Fußnoten waren ihrer Zeit weit voraus, obwohl sie kaum den heutigen akademischen Standards entsprechen. Dieser Artikel untersucht die Fußnoten in Humboldts Essai politique sur l'{\^i}le de Cuba (1826). Zwar ist es nicht immer leicht, die manchmal recht geheimnisvollen Verweise zu entschl{\"u}sseln, dennoch lohnt sich der Versuch: Humboldts Fußnoten geben nicht nur Auskunft {\"u}ber seine umfassenden Netzwerke des Wissens. Sie verweisen auch auf Auseinandersetzungen verschiedener Gelehrter {\"u}ber Humboldts Schriften. Schließlich beinhalten sie Humboldts Reaktionen auf solche Auseinandersetzungen. Eine Untersuchung von Humboldts Fußnoten erlaubt es folglich dem Leser, mehr {\"u}ber Humboldt den Wissenschaftler aber auch Humboldt den Mensch zu erfahren.}, language = {en} } @article{WenzWillnerRadebachetal.2015, author = {Wenz, Leonie and Willner, Sven N. and Radebach, Alexander and Bierkandt, Robert and Steckel, Jan Christoph and Levermann, Anders}, title = {Regional and sectoral disaggregation of multi-regional input-output tables - a flexible algorithm}, series = {Economic systems research : journal of the International Input-Output Association}, volume = {27}, journal = {Economic systems research : journal of the International Input-Output Association}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0953-5314}, doi = {10.1080/09535314.2014.987731}, pages = {194 -- 212}, year = {2015}, abstract = {A common shortcoming of available multi-regional input-output (MRIO) data sets is their lack of regional and sectoral detail required for many research questions (e.g. in the field of disaster impact analysis). We present a simple algorithm to refine MRIO tables regionally and/or sectorally. By the use of proxy data, each MRIO flow in question is disaggregated into the corresponding sub-flows. This downscaling procedure is complemented by an adjustment rule ensuring that the sub-flows match the superordinate flow in sum. The approximation improves along several iteration steps. The algorithm unfolds its strength through the flexible combination of multiple, possibly incomplete proxy data sources. It is also flexible in a sense that any target sector and region resolution can be chosen. As an exemplary case we apply the algorithm to a regional and sectoral refinement of the Eora MRIO database.}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss2015, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Forschung am MenschenRechtsZentrum der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam - Versuch einer Bilanz}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin: Informationen | Meinungen | Analysen [19.2014, Heft 2]}, volume = {2014}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin: Informationen | Meinungen | Analysen [19.2014, Heft 2]}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-78465}, pages = {78 -- 81}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @misc{Weiss2015, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {The Nature of Children's Well-Being, Theory and Practice [rezensiert von Norman Weiß]}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, volume = {20}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1434-2820}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94969}, pages = {130 -- 130}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Buchbesprechung: Alexander Bagattini/Colin Macleod (Hrsg.), The Nature of Children's Well-Being, Theory and Practice (Children's Well-Being: Indicators and Research, 9), Springer, 2015, 262 Seiten, ISBN 978-94-017-9251-6.}, language = {de} } @article{WeissJeltsch2015, author = {Weiß, Lina and Jeltsch, Florian}, title = {The response of simulated grassland communities to the cessation of grazing}, series = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, volume = {303}, journal = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-3800}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.02.002}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Changes in land-use are supposed to be among the severest prospective threats to plant diversity worldwide. In semi-natural temperate grasslands, the cessation of traditional land use like livestock grazing is considered to be one of the most important drivers of the diversity loss witnessed within the last decades. Despite of the enormous number of studies on successional pathways following grazing abandonment there is no general pattern of how grassland communities are affected in terms of diversity, trait composition and pace of succession. To gain a comprehensive picture is difficult given the heterogeneity of environments and the time and effort needed for long-term investigations. We here use a proven individual- and trait-based grassland community model to analyze short- and long-term consequences of grazing abandonment under different assumptions of resource availability, pre-abandonment grazing intensity and regional isolation of communities. Grazing abandonment led to a decrease of plant functional type (PFT) diversity in all but two scenarios in the long-term. In short-term we also found an increase or no change in Shannon diversity for several scenarios. With grazing abandonment we overall found an increase in maximum plant mass, clonal integration and longer lateral spread, a decrease in rosette plant types and in stress tolerant plants, as well as an increase in grazing tolerant and a decrease in grazing avoiding plant types. Observed changes were highly dependent on the regional configuration of communities, prevalent resource conditions and land use intensity before abandonment. While long-term changes took around 10-20 years in resource rich conditions, new equilibria established in resource poor conditions only after 30-40 years. Our results confirm the potential threats caused by recent land-use changes and the assumption that oligotrophic communities are more resistant than mesotrophic communities also for long-term abandonment. Moreover, results revealed that species-rich systems are not per se more resistant than species-poor grasslands. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Weits2015, author = {Weits, Daniel}, title = {Regulation of the molecular response to low oxygen in plants}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {113}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{WeithoffRochaGaedke2015, author = {Weithoff, Guntram and Rocha, Marcia R. and Gaedke, Ursula}, title = {Comparing seasonal dynamics of functional and taxonomic diversity reveals the driving forces underlying phytoplankton community structure}, series = {Freshwater biology}, volume = {60}, journal = {Freshwater biology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0046-5070}, doi = {10.1111/fwb.12527}, pages = {758 -- 767}, year = {2015}, abstract = {In most biodiversity studies, taxonomic diversity is the measure for the multiplicity of species and is often considered to represent functional diversity. However, trends in taxonomic diversity and functional diversity may differ, for example, when many functionally similar but taxonomically different species co-occur in a community. The differences between these diversity measures are of particular interest in diversity research for understanding diversity patterns and their underlying mechanisms. We analysed a temporally highly resolved 20-year time series of lake phytoplankton to determine whether taxonomic diversity and functional diversity exhibit similar or contrasting seasonal patterns. We also calculated the functional mean of the community in n-dimensional trait space for each sampling day to gain further insights into the seasonal dynamics of the functional properties of the community. We found an overall weak positive relationship between taxonomic diversity and functional diversity with a distinct seasonal pattern. The two diversity measures showed synchronous behaviour from early spring to mid-summer and a more complex and diverging relationship from autumn to late winter. The functional mean of the community exhibited a recurrent annual pattern with the most prominent changes before and after the clear-water phase. From late autumn to winter, the functional mean of the community and functional diversity were relatively constant while taxonomic diversity declined, suggesting competitive exclusion during this period. A further decline in taxonomic diversity concomitant with increasing functional diversity in late winter to early spring is seen as a result of niche diversification together with competitive exclusion. Under these conditions, several different sets of traits are suitable to thrive, but within one set of functional traits only one, or very few, morphotypes can persist. Taxonomic diversity alone is a weak descriptor of trait diversity in phytoplankton. However, the combined analysis of taxonomic diversity and functional diversity, along with the functional mean of the community, allows for deeper insights into temporal patterns of community assembly and niche diversification.}, language = {en} } @article{WeilbacherMonrealIberoKollatschnyetal.2015, author = {Weilbacher, Peter Michael and Monreal-Ibero, Ana and Kollatschny, Wolfram and Ginsburg, Adam and McLeod, Anna F. and Kamann, Sebastian and Sandin, Christer and Palsa, Ralf and Wisotzki, Lutz and Bacon, Roland and Selman, Fernando and Brinchmann, Jarle and Caruana, Joseph and Kelz, Andreas and Martinsson, Thomas and Pecontal-Rousset, Arlette and Richard, Johan and Wendt, Martin}, title = {A MUSE map of the central Orion Nebula (M 42)}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {582}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {1432-0746}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/201526529}, pages = {16}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We present a new integral field spectroscopic dataset of the central part of the Orion Nebula (M 42), observed with the MUSE instrument at the ESO VLT. We reduced the data with the public MUSE pipeline. The output products are two FITS cubes with a spatial size of similar to 5'9 x 4'9 (corresponding to similar to 0.76 x 0.63 pc(2)) and a contiguous wavelength coverage of 4595 ... 9366 angstrom, spatially sampled at 0 ''.2. We provide two versions with a sampling of 1.25 angstrom and 0.85 angstrom in dispersion direction. Together with variance cubes these files have a size of 75 and 110 GiB on disk. They are the largest integral field mosaics to date in terms of information content. We make them available for use in the community. To validate this dataset, we compare world coordinates, reconstructed magnitudes, velocities, and absolute and relative emission line fluxes to the literature values and find excellent agreement. We derive a 2D map of extinction and present de-reddened flux maps of several individual emission lines and of diagnostic line ratios. We estimate physical properties of the Orion Nebula, using the emission line ratios [N II] and [S III] (for the electron temperature T-e) and [S II] and [Cl III] (for the electron density N-e), and show 2D images of the velocity measured from several bright emission lines.}, language = {en} } @article{WegnerZenderLucke2015, author = {Wegner, Christian and Zender, Raphael and Lucke, Ulrike}, title = {ProtoSense}, series = {KEYCIT 2014 - Key Competencies in Informatics and ICT}, journal = {KEYCIT 2014 - Key Competencies in Informatics and ICT}, number = {7}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1868-0844}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-82970}, pages = {405 -- 407}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Wegbrod2015, author = {Wegbrod, Jana}, title = {Influence of interspecific competition on photosynthetic rates of algal communities}, series = {European journal of phycology}, volume = {50}, booktitle = {European journal of phycology}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0967-0262}, pages = {71 -- 72}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{WeclawskiMeilingLeniaketal.2015, author = {Weclawski, Marek K. and Meiling, Till Thomas and Leniak, Arkadiusz and Cywinski, Piotr J. and Gryko, Daniel T.}, title = {Planar, Fluorescent Push-Pull System That Comprises Benzofuran and Iminocoumarin Moieties}, series = {Organic letters}, volume = {17}, journal = {Organic letters}, number = {17}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {1523-7060}, doi = {10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02042}, pages = {4252 -- 4255}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Previously unknown, vertically linked heterocycles comprised of benzofuran and iminocoumarin moieties have been synthesized directly from 1,5-dibenzoyloxyanthraquinone and arylacetonitriles via double Knoevenagel condensation followed by formal HCN elimination. The structural assembly of fully conjugated, electron-rich benzofuran and electron-deficient iminocoumarin is responsible for the strongly polarized nature of these heterocycles which translates into their polarity-sensitive fluorescence.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Weckmann2015, author = {Weckmann, Ute}, title = {Die elektrische Leitf{\"a}higkeit von fossilen St{\"o}rungszonen und Mobile Belts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88820}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi, VIII, 74}, year = {2015}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden verschiedene Experimente zur Untersuchung der elektrischen Leitf{\"a}higkeit von Sutur- und Kollisionszonen im Zusammenhang diskutiert, um die M{\"o}glichkeiten, die die moderne Magnetotellurik (MT) f{\"u}r das Abbilden fossiler tektonischer Systeme bietet, aufzuzeigen. Aus den neuen hochaufl{\"o}senden Abbildern der elektrischen Leitf{\"a}higkeit k{\"o}nnen potentielle Gemeinsamkeiten verschiedener tektonischer Einheiten abgeleitet werden. Innerhalb der letzten Dekade haben sich durch die Weiterentwicklung der Messger{\"a}te und der Auswerte- und Interpretationsmethoden v{\"o}llig neue Perspektiven f{\"u}r die geodynamische Tiefensondierung ergeben. Dies wird an meinen Forschungsarbeiten deutlich, die ich im Rahmen von Projekten selbst eingeworben und am Deutschen GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam durchgef{\"u}hrt habe. In Tabelle A habe ich die in dieser Arbeit ber{\"u}cksichtigten Experimente aufgef{\"u}hrt, die in den letzten Jahren entweder als Array- oder als Profilmessungen durchgef{\"u}hrt wurden. F{\"u}r derart große Feldexperimente ben{\"o}tigt man ein Team von WissenschaftlerInnen, StudentInnen und technischem Personal. Das bedeutet aber auch, dass von mir betreute StudentInnen und DoktorandInnen Teilaspekte dieser Experimente in Form von Diplom-, Bachelor- und Mastersarbeiten oder Promotionsschriften verarbeitet haben. Bei anschließender Ver{\"o}ffentlichung der Arbeiten habe ich als Co-Autor mitgewirkt. Die beiliegenden Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen enthalten eine Einf{\"u}hrung in die Methode der Magnetotellurik und gegebenenfalls die Beschreibung neu entwickelter Methoden. Eine allgemeine Darstellung der theoretischen Grundlagen der Magnetotellurik findet man zum Beispiel in Chave \& Jones (2012); Simpson \& Bahr (2005); Kaufman \& Keller (1981); Nabighian (1987); Weaver (1994). Die Arbeit beinhaltet zudem ein Glossar, in dem einige Begriffe und Abk{\"u}rzungen erkl{\"a}rt werden. Ich habe mich entschieden, Begriffe, f{\"u}r die es keine ad{\"a}quate deutsche {\"U}bersetzung gibt oder die im Deutschen eine andere oder missverst{\"a}ndliche Bedeutung bekommen, auf Englisch in der Arbeit zu belassen. Sie sind durch eine kursive Schreibweise gekennzeichnet.}, language = {de} } @article{WeberWicksLeStunffetal.2015, author = {Weber, Michael H. and Wicks, Charles and Le Stunff, Yves and Romanowicz, Barbara and Kr{\"u}ger, Frank}, title = {Seismic evidence for a steeply dipping reflector-stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone}, series = {Geophysical journal international}, volume = {200}, journal = {Geophysical journal international}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1093/gji/ggu438}, pages = {1235 -- 1251}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Studies of seismic tomography have been highly successful at imaging the deep structure of subduction zones. In a study complementary to these tomographic studies, we use array seismology and reflected waves to image a stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone. Using P and S (SH) waves we find a steeply dipping reflector centred at ca. 400 km depth and ca. 550 km west of the present Mariana subduction zone (at 20N, 140E). The discovery of this anomaly in tomography and independently in array seismology (this paper) helps in understanding the evolution of the Mariana margin. The reflector/stagnant slab may be the remains of the hypothetical North New Guinea Plate, which was theorized to have subducted ca. 50 Ma.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Weber2015, author = {Weber, Edzard}, title = {Erarbeitung einer Methodik der Wandlungsf{\"a}higkeit}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {471}, year = {2015}, language = {de} }