@phdthesis{Krentz2012,
  author    = {Krentz, Eva Maria},
  title     = {Essst{\"o}rungen bei Jugendlichen im Hochleistungssport : eine Analyse sportbezogener Einflussfaktoren},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-59933},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Essst{\"o}rungen, wie Anorexia Nervosa oder Bulimia Nervorsa, gehen mit einer hohen psychischen Belastung einher und k{\"o}nnen gesundheitliche Sch{\"a}den zur Folge haben. Bei Athleten mit einer Essst{\"o}rung kann es dar{\"u}ber hinaus zu Einbußen in der Sportleistung kommen. Gerade f{\"u}r den Hochleistungssport ist es daher wichtig zu wissen, welches Risiko f{\"u}r Essst{\"o}rungen besteht und wodurch das Risiko bedingt wird. Bisherige Studien zeigen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Sportarten. Eliteathleten aus {\"a}sthetischen Sportarten, wie rhythmische Sportgymnastik oder Eiskunstlauf, scheinen ein besonders hohes Essst{\"o}rungsrisiko aufzuweisen. Deutlich geringere Pr{\"a}valenzraten finden sich in Ballsportarten, wie Handball oder Basketball. Um zu verstehen, welche Aspekte der Sportart das Essst{\"o}rungsrisiko beeinflussen, besch{\"a}ftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit der Rolle sportbezogener Variablen. In die Studien einbezogen wurden insgesamt 171 Athleten zwischen 11 und 18 Jahren (im Mittel 14.1 ± 1.8 Jahre) aus {\"a}sthetischen Sportarten und Ballsportarten, die einen Fragebogenpaket mit Instrumenten zu gest{\"o}rtem Essverhalten, allgemeiner K{\"o}rperunzufriedenheit, sozialem Druck im Sport, sportbezogener K{\"o}rperunzufriedenheit, Schlankheitsstreben zur Leistungssteigerung und negativen Gef{\"u}hle bei Trainingsausfall ausf{\"u}llten. Nach einem Jahr wieder befragt wurden 65 Athleten aus {\"a}sthetischen Sportarten. Nach Kontrolle von Alter, Geschlecht, BMI und allgemeiner K{\"o}rperunzufriedenheit trugen sportbezogene Variablen signifikant zur weiteren Varianzaufkl{\"a}rung gest{\"o}rten Essverhaltens bei. Die L{\"a}ngsschnittanalysen best{\"a}tigten einen Risikofaktorstatus f{\"u}r Schlankheitsstreben zur Leistungssteigerung. Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen sportbezogenen Aspekten und gest{\"o}rtem Essverhalten zeigten sich sowohl in Hochrisikosportarten f{\"u}r gest{\"o}rtes Essverhalten ({\"a}sthetischen Sportarten), als auch in Niedrigrisikosportarten f{\"u}r gest{\"o}rtes Essverhalten (Ballsportarten). Mit Ausnahme von negativen Gef{\"u}hlen nach Trainingsausfall traten die sportbezogenen Variabeln h{\"a}ufiger in den {\"a}sthetischen Sportarten auf als in den Ballsportarten. Die eigenen Befunde verdeutlichen somit, dass der Einbezug potentieller sportbezogener Risikofaktoren - zus{\"a}tzlich zu den allgemeinen Risikofaktoren - zum besseren Verst{\"a}ndnis der Essst{\"o}rungssymptomatik von Athleten beitr{\"a}gt. Vor allem die Bedeutung von Gewicht f{\"u}r die Leistung beeinflusst das Essst{\"o}rungsrisiko bei Athleten und ist st{\"a}rker ausgepr{\"a}gt in Hochrisikosportarten f{\"u}r Essst{\"o}rungssymptomatik.},
  language  = {mul}
}
@article{KrentzWarschburger2013,
  author    = {Krentz, Eva Maria and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {A longitudinal investigation of sports-related risk factors for disordered eating in aesthetic sports},
  series = {Scandinavian journal of medicine \& science in sports},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {Scandinavian journal of medicine \& science in sports},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0905-7188},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01380.x},
  pages     = {303 -- 310},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Previous studies have indicated a higher risk of disordered eating in certain types of elite sports such as aesthetic sports (e.g., rhythmical gymnastics, figure skating). But even though some studies on risk factors for disordered eating in sports exist, most research on this topic is based on cross-sectional data with limitations on causal inferences. We examined sports-related risk factors for disordered eating in a 1-year longitudinal study with two assessment points. The participants were 65 adolescent athletes from aesthetic sports (mean age 14.0 +/- 2.2years) who completed measures of disordered eating, social pressure from the sports environment, sports-related body dissatisfaction, desire to be leaner to improve sports performance, and emotional distress resulting from missed exercise sessions. All variables were relatively stable in the mean. Individual changes in the desire to be leaner to improve sports performance were associated with individual changes in disordered eating. Furthermore, a cross-lagged partial correlation analysis showed that the desire to be leaner to improve sports performance was predictive of disordered eating and not vice versa. The results of our study indicate that athletes are more at risk for disordered eating if they believe it is possible to enhance their sports performance through weight regulation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wang2016,
  author    = {Wang, Victor-C.},
  title     = {Injury and illness risk factors for elite athletes in training environment},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100925},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {viii, 84, ix},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Since 1998, elite athletes' sport injuries have been monitored in single sport event, which leads to the development of first comprehensive injury surveillance system in multi-sport Olympic Games in 2008. However, injury and illness occurred in training phases have not been systematically studied due to its multi-facets, potentially interactive risk related factors. The present thesis aim to address issues of feasibility of establishing a validated measure for injury/illness, training environment and psychosocial risk factors by creating the evaluation tool namely risk of injury questionnaire (Risk-IQ) for elite athletes, which based on IOC consensus statement 2009 recommended content of preparticipation evaluation(PPE) and periodic health exam (PHE). A total of 335 top level athletes and a total of 88 medical care providers from Germany and Taiwan participated in tow "cross-sectional plus longitudinal" Risk-IQ and MCPQ surveys respectively. Four categories of injury/illness related risk factors questions were asked in Risk-IQ for athletes while injury risk and psychological related questions were asked in MCPQ for MCP cohorts. Answers were quantified scales wise/subscales wise before analyzed with other factors/scales. In addition, adapted variables such as sport format were introduced for difference task of analysis. Validated with 2-wyas translation and test-retest reliabilities, the Risk-IQ was proved to be in good standard which were further confirmed by analyzed results from official surveys in both Germany and Taiwan. The result of Risk-IQ revealed that elite athletes' accumulated total injuries, in general, were multi-factor dependent; influencing factors including but not limited to background experiences, medical history, PHE and PPE medical resources as well as stress from life events. Injuries of different body parts were sport format and location specific. Additionally, medical support of PPE and PHE indicated significant difference between German and Taiwan. The result of the present thesis confirmed that it is feasible to construct a comprehensive evalua-tion instrument for heterogeneous elite athletes cohorts' risk factor analysis for injury/illness oc-curred during their non-competition periods. In average and with many moderators involved, Ger-man elite athletes have superior medical care support yet suffered more severe injuries than Tai-wanese counterparts. Opinions of injury related psychological issues reflected differently on vari-ous MCP groups irrespective of different nationalities. In general, influencing factors and interac-tions existed among relevant factors in both studies which implied further investigation with multiple regression analysis is needed for better understanding.},
  language  = {en}
}