@article{CaloHenneEugsteretal.2013,
  author    = {Calo, Camilla and Henne, Paul D. and Eugster, Patricia and van Leeuwen, Jacqueline and Gilli, Adrian and Hamann, Yvonne and La Mantia, Tommaso and Pasta, Salvatore and Vescovi, Elisa and Tinner, Willy},
  title     = {1200 years of decadal-scale variability of mediterranean vegetation and climate at Pantelleria Island, Italy},
  series = {The Holocene : an interdisciplinary journal focusing on recent environmental change},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {The Holocene : an interdisciplinary journal focusing on recent environmental change},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0959-6836},
  doi       = {10.1177/0959683613493935},
  pages     = {1477 -- 1486},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {A new sedimentary sequence from Lago di Venere on Pantelleria Island, located in the Strait of Sicily between Tunisia and Sicily was recovered. The lake is located in the coastal infra-Mediterranean vegetation belt at 2 m a.s.l. Pollen, charcoal and sedimentological analyses are used to explore linkages among vegetation, fire and climate at a decadal scale over the past 1200 years. A dry period from ad 800 to 1000 that corresponds to the Medieval Warm Period' (WMP) is inferred from sedimentological analysis. The high content of carbonate recorded in this period suggests a dry phase, when the ratio of evaporation/precipitation was high. During this period the island was dominated by thermophilous and drought-tolerant taxa, such as Quercus ilex, Olea, Pistacia and Juniperus. A marked shift in the sediment properties is recorded at ad 1000, when carbonate content became very low suggesting wetter conditions until ad 1850-1900. Broadly, this period coincides with the Little Ice Age' (LIA), which was characterized by wetter and colder conditions in Europe. During this time rather mesic conifers (i.e. Pinus pinaster), shrubs and herbs (e.g. Erica arborea and Selaginella denticulata) expanded, whereas more drought-adapted species (e.g. Q. ilex) declined. Charcoal data suggest enhanced fire activity during the LIA probably as a consequence of anthropogenic burning and/or more flammable fuel (e.g. resinous Pinus biomass). The last century was characterized by a shift to high carbonate content, indicating a change towards drier conditions, and re-expansion of Q. ilex and Olea. The post-LIA warming is in agreement with historical documents and meteorological time series. Vegetation dynamics were co-determined by agricultural activities on the island. Anthropogenic indicators (e.g. Cerealia-type, Sporormiella) reveal the importance of crops and grazing on the island. Our pollen data suggest that extensive logging caused the local extinction of deciduous Quercus pubescens around ad1750.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DeplazesLueckgePetersonetal.2013,
  author    = {Deplazes, Gaudenz and Lueckge, Andreas and Peterson, Larry C. and Timmermann, Axel and Hamann, Yvonne and Hughen, Konrad A. and Roehl, Ursula and Laj, Carlo and Cane, Mark A. and Sigman, Daniel M. and Haug, Gerald H.},
  title     = {Links between tropical rainfall and North Atlantic climate during the last glacial period},
  series = {Nature geoscience},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Nature geoscience},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1752-0894},
  doi       = {10.1038/ngeo1712},
  pages     = {213 -- 217},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {During the last glacial period, the North Atlantic region experienced pronounced, millennial-scale alternations between cold, stadial conditions and milder interstadial conditions-commonly referred to as Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations-as well as periods of massive iceberg discharge known as Heinrich events(1). Changes in Northern Hemisphere temperature, as recorded in Greenland(2-4), are thought to have affected the location of the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone(5,6) and the strength of the Indian summer monsoon(7,8). Here we use high-resolution records of sediment colour-a measure of terrigenous versus biogenic content-from the Cariaco Basin off the coast of Venezuela and the Arabian Sea to assess teleconnections with the North Atlantic climate system during the last glacial period. The Cariaco record indicates that the intertropical convergence zone migrated seasonally over the site during mild stadial conditions, but was permanently displaced south of the basin during peak stadials and Heinrich events. In the Arabian Sea, we find evidence of a weak Indian summer monsoon during the stadial events. The tropical records show a more variable response to North Atlantic cooling than the Greenland temperature records. We therefore suggest that Greenland climate is especially sensitive to variations in the North Atlantic system-in particular sea-ice extent-whereas the intertropical convergence zone and Indian monsoon system respond primarily to variations in mean Northern Hemisphere temperature.},
  language  = {en}
}