@article{LilliestamPattBersalli2020,
  author    = {Lilliestam, Johan and Patt, Anthony and Bersalli, German},
  title     = {The effect of carbon pricing on technological change for full energy decarbonization},
  series = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Climate change},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Climate change},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1757-7780},
  doi       = {10.1002/wcc.681},
  pages     = {21},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In order to achieve the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement, the world must reach net-zero carbon emissions around mid-century, which calls for an entirely new energy system. Carbon pricing, in the shape of taxes or emissions trading schemes, is often seen as the main, or only, necessary climate policy instrument, based on theoretical expectations that this would promote innovation and diffusion of the new technologies necessary for full decarbonization. Here, we review the empirical knowledge available in academic ex-post analyses of the effectiveness of existing, comparatively high-price carbon pricing schemes in the European Union, New Zealand, British Columbia, and the Nordic countries. Some articles find short-term operational effects, especially fuel switching in existing assets, but no article finds mentionable effects on technological change. Critically, all articles examining the effects on zero-carbon investment found that existing carbon pricing scheme have had no effect at all. We conclude that the effectiveness of carbon pricing in stimulating innovation and zero-carbon investment remains a theoretical argument. So far, there is no empirical evidence of its effectiveness in promoting the technological change necessary for full decarbonization. This article is categorized under: Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OllierMelligerLilliestam2020,
  author    = {Ollier, Lana and Melliger, Marc Andr{\´e} and Lilliestam, Johan},
  title     = {Friends or foes?},
  series = {Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management},
  number    = {23},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1996-1073},
  doi       = {10.3390/en13236339},
  pages     = {23},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Energy efficiency measures and the deployment of renewable energy are commonly presented as two sides of the same coin-as necessary and synergistic measures to decarbonize energy systems and reach the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement. Here, we quantitatively investigate the policies and performances of the EU Member States to see whether renewables and energy efficiency policies are politically synergistic or if they rather compete for political attention and resources. We find that Member States, especially the ones perceived as climate leaders, tend to prioritize renewables over energy efficiency in target setting. Further, almost every country performs well in either renewable energy or energy efficiency, but rarely performs well in both. We find no support for the assertion that the policies are synergistic, but some evidence that they compete. However, multi-linear regression models for performance show that performance, especially in energy efficiency, is also strongly associated with general economic growth cycles, and not only efficiency policy as such. We conclude that renewable energy and energy efficiency are not synergistic policies, and that there is some competition between them.},
  language  = {en}
}