@article{ZuritaSanchezHenkel2006, author = {Zurita-S{\´a}nchez, Jorge R. and Henkel, Carsten}, title = {Lossy electrical transmission lines: Thermal fluctuations and quantization}, issn = {1050-2947}, doi = {10.1103/Physreva.73.063825}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present a theoretical framework for the analysis of the statistical properties of thermal fluctuations on a lossy transmission line. A quantization scheme of the electrical signals in the transmission line is formulated. We discuss two applications in detail. Noise spectra at finite temperature for voltage and current are shown to deviate significantly from the Johnson-Nyquist limit, and they depend on the position on the transmission line. We analyze the spontaneous emission, at low temperature, of a Rydberg atom and its resonant enhancement due to vacuum fluctuations in a capacitively coupled transmission line. The theory can also be applied to study the performance of microscale and nanoscale devices, including high-resolution sensors and quantum information processors}, language = {en} } @article{HerzschuhKuerschnerMischke2006, author = {Herzschuh, Ulrike and K{\"u}rschner, Harald and Mischke, Steffen}, title = {Temperature variability and vertical vegetation belt shifts during the last similar to 50,000 yr in the Qilian Mountains (NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China)}, issn = {0033-5894}, doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2006.03.001}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A 13.94-m-long sediment core, collected from a medium-sized lake in the Qilian Mountains (NE Tibetan Plateau, China), was analysed palynologically at 81 horizons. The interpretation of indicator taxa yielded various vertical shifts of the vegetation belts. These palaeovegetation results have been checked with lake surface pollen spectra from 8 takes representing different altitudinal vegetation belts. Our main findings are the following: A short period of the late Marine Isotope Stage 3 (around similar to 46,000 yr ago) was characterized by interglacial temperature conditions with a tree line above its present-day altitude. During the LGM, the vicinity of the lake was not covered by ice but by sparse alpine vegetation and alpine deserts, indicating that the climate was colder by similar to 4-7 degrees C than today Markedly higher temperatures were inferred from higher arboreal pollen frequencies between similar to 13,000 and similar to 7000 yr ago with a Holocene temperature optimum and a maximal Picea-Betula mixed-forest expansion between similar to 9000 and similar to 7000 yr ago, when temperatures exceeded the present-day conditions by at least 1-2 degrees C. Alpine steppes and meadows and sub-alpine shrub vegetation dominated around the lake since the middle Holocene, suggesting that vegetation and climate conditions were exceptionally stable in comparison to previous periods.}, language = {en} } @article{LaubRothBuhmannetal.2006, author = {Laub, Julian and Roth, Volker and Buhmann, Joachim and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Robert}, title = {On the information and representation of non-Euclidean pairwise data}, issn = {0031-3203}, doi = {10.1016/j.patcog.2006.04.016}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Two common data representations are mostly used in intelligent data analysis, namely the vectorial and the pairwise representation. Pairwise data which satisfy the restrictive conditions of Euclidean spaces can be faithfully translated into a Euclidean vectorial representation by embedding. Non-metric pairwise data with violations of symmetry, reflexivity or triangle inequality pose a substantial conceptual problem for pattern recognition since the amount of predictive structural information beyond what can be measured by embeddings is unclear. We show by systematic modeling of non-Euclidean pairwise data that there exists metric violations which can carry valuable problem specific information. Furthermore, Euclidean and non-metric data can be unified on the level of structural information contained in the data. Stable component analysis selects linear subspaces which are particularly insensitive to data fluctuations. Experimental results from different domains support our pattern recognition strategy.}, language = {en} } @article{WichmannDeanJeltsch2006, author = {Wichmann, Matthias and Dean, W. R. J. and Jeltsch, Florian}, title = {Predicting the breeding success of large raptors in arid southern Africa : a first assessment}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Raptors are often priorities for conservation efforts and breeding success is a target measure for assessing their conservation status. The breeding success of large raptors in and southern Africa is thought to be higher in years of high rainfall. While this correlation has been found in several studies, it has not yet been shown for data from a wider geographical area. In conservation research, it is important to explore the differences between spatially- separated populations to estimate and to compare their conservation status, and to deduce specific management strategies. Using a theoretical approach, we develop a simplistic model to explain the breeding success-rainfall relationship in large African raptors at larger spatial scales. Secondly, we validate this model and we show that the inclusion of field data leads to consistent predictions. In particular, we recommend that the average size of the 'effective territory' should be included in the relationship between annual rainfall and breeding success of raptors in and southern Africa. Accordingly, we suggest that breeding success is a function of precipitation and inter- nest distance. We present a new measure of territory quality depending on rainfall and territory size. We suggest that our model provides a useful first approach to assess breeding success in large raptors of and southern Africa. However, we strongly emphasise the need to gather more data to further verify our model. A general problem in conservation research is to compare the status of populations assessed in different study areas under changing environmental conditions. Our simplistic approach indicates that this problem can be overcome by using a weighted evaluation of a target measure (i.e. breeding success), taking regional differences into account}, language = {en} } @article{CramerEisert2006, author = {Cramer, Marcus and Eisert, Jens}, title = {Correlations, spectral gap and entanglement in harmonic quantum systems on generic lattices}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/8/5/071}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We investigate the relationship between the gap between the energy of the ground state and the first excited state and the decay of correlation functions in harmonic lattice systems. We prove that in gapped systems, the exponential decay of correlations follows for both the ground state and thermal states. Considering the converse direction, we show that an energy gap can follow from algebraic decay and always does for exponential decay. The underlying lattices are described as general graphs of not necessarily integer dimension, including translationally invariant instances of cubic lattices as special cases. Any local quadratic couplings in position and momentum coordinates are allowed for, leading to quasi-free ( Gaussian) ground states. We make use of methods of deriving bounds to matrix functions of banded matrices corresponding to local interactions on general graphs. Finally, we give an explicit entanglement-area relationship in terms of the energy gap for arbitrary, not necessarily contiguous regions on lattices characterized by general graphs}, language = {en} } @article{HarutjunjanSchulze2006, author = {Harutjunjan, Gohar and Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang}, title = {The relative index for corner singularities}, issn = {0378-620X}, doi = {10.1007/s00020-005-1367-3}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We study pseudo-differential operators on a cylinder R x B where B has conical singularities. Configurations of that kind are the local model of corner singularities with cross section B. Operators in our calculus are assumed to have symbols a which are meromorphic in the complex covariable with values in the algebra of all cone operators on B. We show an explicit formula for solutions of the homogeneous equation if a is independent of the axial variable t is an element of R. Each non-bijectivity point of the symbol in the complex plane corresponds to a finite-dimensional space of solutions. Moreover, we give a relative index formula}, language = {en} } @article{TronickeVillamorGreen2006, author = {Tronicke, Jens and Villamor, P and Green, Alan G.}, title = {Detailed shallow geometry and vertical displacement estimates of the Maleme Fault Zone, New Zealand, using 2D and 3D georadar}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In an attempt to map the shallow geometry of the Maleme Fault Zone (North Island, New Zealand) and estimate vertical displacements of selected fault strands, we have collected 2D and 3D georadar data using 100 MHz antennae. The 2D data consisted of three parallel georadar lines recorded perpendicular to the axis of the well-defined graben of the Maleme Fault Zone. These similar to 160 in long lines, which were 7.5 m apart, crossed several fault strands on either side of the graben axis. The processed georadar sections revealed two prominent parallel reflections that originated from the boundaries of Late Pleistocene lacustrine and tephra deposits. Distinct vertical offsets of these reflections allowed us to estimate displacernents at individual fault strands across the entire inner graben. The total displacements represented by these offsets was similar to 10-20\% greater than that inferred from geomorphological studies, thus demonstrating the limitations of surface observations for determining cumulative fault movements. The 3D georadar data set, recorded across an area of similar to 70x similar to 20 in to one side of the graben axis, provided key details on individual fault strands. For the 3D visualization of fault-related structures, various spatial attribute analyses based on the cosine of the instantaneous phase proved to be useful}, language = {en} } @article{KamjunkeBohnGrey2006, author = {Kamjunke, Norbert and Bohn, Christiane and Grey, John}, title = {Utilisation of dissolved organic carbon from different sources by pelagic bacteria in an acidic mining lake}, issn = {0003-9136}, doi = {10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0165-0355}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We compared growth rates and efficiencies of pelagic bacteria from an extremely acidic mining lake (pH 2.6, mean depth 4.6m) supplied with different sources of carbon: (1) excreted by phytoplankton, (2) derived from benthic algae, (3) entering the lake via ground water, and (4) leached from leaf litter. Bacteria exhibited high growth rate and efficiency on exudates of pelagic and benthic algae. In contrast, they showed a lower growth rate and efficiency with organic carbon from ground water, and grew at a very high rate but a very low efficiency on leaf leachate. Results from stable isotope analyses indicate a greater importance of benthic exudates and leaf leachate for bacteria in the epilimnion, and a higher impact of ground water sources in the hypolimnion. Given the magnitude of differential source inputs into the lake, we suggest that benthic primary production was the most important carbon source for pelagic bacteria. The benthic-pelagic coupling seems to be more relevant in this shallow acidic lake with low pelagic carbon dioxide concentrations than in neutral lakes}, language = {en} } @article{LeMouelNarteauGreffLefftzetal.2006, author = {Le Mouel, Jean-Louis and Narteau, Clement and Greff-Lefftz, Marianne and Holschneider, Matthias}, title = {Dissipation at the core-mantle boundary on a small-scale topography}, issn = {0148-0227}, doi = {10.1029/2005jb003846}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The parameters of the nutations are now known with a good accuracy, and the theory accounts for most of their values. Dissipative friction at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and at the inner core boundary is an important ingredient of the theory. Up to now, viscous coupling at a smooth interface and electromagnetic coupling have been considered. In some cases they appear hardly strong enough to account for the observations. We advocate here that the CMB has a small- scale roughness and estimate the dissipation resulting from the interaction of the fluid core motion with this topography. We conclude that it might be significant}, language = {en} } @article{StrasserOstermeyer2006, author = {Strasser, A and Ostermeyer, Martin}, title = {Improving the brightness of side pumped power amplifiers by using core doped ceramic rods}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In side pumped laser head geometries good extraction of energy has to be weighted against diffraction effects of the amplified beam. Beam clipping at the aperture of laser rods can be avoided by using an undoped cladding around the doped core. The wings of e. g. Gaussian beams can be accommodated in the cladding. Phase distortion by the refractive index step of the rod can be compensated by a phase conjugating mirror in double pass configuration. In our proof of principle experiment the brightness of the beam from core doped amplifier rods was shown to be doubled compared to a conventional rod of the same outer diameter. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America}, language = {en} } @article{HlinakMuehleWerneretal.2006, author = {Hlinak, Andreas and M{\"u}hle, Ralf-Udo and Werner, Ortrud and Globig, Anja and Starick, Elke and Schirrmeier, Horst and Hoffmann, Bernd and Engelhardt, Andreas and H{\"u}bner, Dagmar and Conraths, Franz J. and Wallschl{\"a}ger, Hans-Dieter and Kruckenberg, Helmut and M{\"u}ller, Thomas}, title = {A virological survey in migrating waders and other waterfowl in one of the most important resting sites of Germany}, issn = {0931-1793}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Wild birds are considered a potential reservoir or a carrier of viral diseases and may therefore play a role in the epidemiology of economically important or zoonotic diseases. In 2001 and 2002, a survey with special emphasis oil virus isolation in migrating waders and some other birds were conducted. In one of the most important inland resting sites for migratory waterfowl, tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected from 465 waders representing 19 different species, and 165 other birds that were not captured on purpose. A total of 42 avian viruses were isolated, 34 of these were identified as paramyxoviruses (PMVs). The majority of isolates came from waders and wild ducks, and were characterized as PMV-1. In contrast, PMV-4 was found in wild ducks only, PMV-6 was mainly detected in wader species. Four avian influenza viruses (ATVs), belonging to H4 and H3 haemagglutinin subtype, were isolated from wild duck species. Furthermore, four reo-like viruses were isolated from one particular wader species for the first time. The majority of virus positive birds were < 1 year old and did not show any clinical symptoms. There was no evidence for the presence of West Nile virus in these birds. These results confirm that the restricted resting sites in Western Europe must be considered as important locations for the intra- and interspecies transmission of avian viruses}, language = {en} } @article{SiefertPeinke2006, author = {Siefert, Malte and Peinke, J}, title = {Joint multi-scale statistics of longitudinal and transversal increments in small-scale wake turbulence}, doi = {10.1080/14685240600677673}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We analyse the relationship of longitudinal and transversal increment statistics measured in isotropic small- scale turbulence. This is done by means of the theory of Markov processes leading to a phenomenological Fokker - Planck equation for the two increments from which a generalized K arm an equation is derived. We discuss in detail the analysis and show that the estimated equation can describe the statistics of the turbulent cascade. A remarkable result is that the main differences between longitudinal and transversal increments can be explained by a simple rescaling symmetry, namely the cascade speed of the transverse increments is 1.5 times faster than that of the longitudinal increments. Small differences can be found in the skewness and in a higher order intermittency term. The rescaling symmetry is compatible with the Kolmogorov constants and the K arm an equation and gives new insight into the use of extended self- similarity (ESS) for transverse increments. Based on the results we propose an extended self-similarity for the transverse increments (ESST)}, language = {en} } @article{SchulzeSeiler2006, author = {Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang and Seiler, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Edge operators with conditions of Toeplitz type}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Ellipticity of operators on a manifold with edges can be treated in the framework of a calculus of 2 X 2-block matrix operators with trace and potential operators on the edges. The picture is similar to the pseudodifferential analysis of boundary-value problems. The extra conditions satisfy an analogue of the Shapiro-Lopatinskij condition, provided a topological obstruction for the elliptic edge-degenerate operator in the upper left corner vanishes; this is an analogue of a condition of Atiyah and Bott in boundary-value problems. In general, however, we need global projection data, similarly to global boundary conditions, known for Dirac operators or other geometric operators. The present paper develops a new calculus with global projection data for operators on manifolds with edges. In particular, we show the Fredholm property in a suitable scale of spaces and construct parametrices within the calculus}, language = {en} } @article{HazanSennemaFaulkneretal.2006, author = {Hazan, Valerie and Sennema, Anke and Faulkner, Andrew and Ortega-Llebaria, Marta and Iba, Midori and Chung, Hyunsong}, title = {The use of visual cues in the perception of non-native consonant contrasts}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.2166611}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This study assessed the extent to which second-language learners are sensitive to phonetic information contained in visual cues when identifying a non-native phonemic contrast. In experiment 1, Spanish and Japanese learners of English were tested on their perception of a labial/labiodental consonant contrast in audio (A), visual (V), and audio-visual (AV) modalities. Spanish students showed better performance overall, and much greater sensitivity to visual cues than Japanese students. Both learner groups achieved higher scores in the A V than in the A test condition, thus showing evidence of audio-visual benefit. Experiment 2 examined the perception of the less visually-salient /1/-/r/ contrast in Japanese and Korean learners of English. Korean learners obtained much higher scores in auditory and audio- visual conditions than in the visual condition, while Japanese learners generally performed poorly in both modalities. Neither. group showed evidence of audio-visual benefit. These results show the impact of the language background of the learner and visual salience of the contrast on the use of visual cues for a non-native contrast. Significant correlations between scores in the auditory and visual conditions suggest that increasing auditory proficiency in identifying a non-native contrast is linked with an increasing proficiency in using visual cues to the contrast.}, language = {en} } @article{EhrlenspielSternad2006, author = {Ehrlenspiel, Felix and Sternad, D}, title = {Not a joke : no choking under pressure in a ball bouncing task}, issn = {0895-2779}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{HossnerEhrlenspiel2006, author = {Hossner, Ernst-Joachim and Ehrlenspiel, Felix}, title = {Paralysis by analysis and nodal-point motor control}, issn = {0895-2779}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{YangMuellerNeheretal.2006, author = {Yang, Xiaohui and M{\"u}ller, David C. and Neher, Dieter and Meerholz, Klaus}, title = {Highly efficient polymeric electrophosphorescent diodes}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Polymeric electrophosphorescent LEDs with internal quantum efficiencies approaching unity have been fabricated. Such performance levels are previously unknown for OLEDs. The key to this success is redox chemically doped oxetane- crosslinkable hole-transporting layers with multilayer capability (see figure). They improve hole injection and act as electron-blocking layers, without the need to include exciton-or hole-blocking layers}, language = {en} } @article{JohanssonWulfetangePoreeetal.2006, author = {Johansson, Ingela and Wulfetange, Klaas and Poree, Fabien and Michard, Erwan and Gajdanowicz, Pawel and Lacombe, Benoit and Sentenac, Herve and Thibaud, Jean-Baptiste and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Blatt, Michael R. and Dreyer, Ingo}, title = {External K+ modulates the activity of the Arabidopsis potassium channel SKOR via an unusual mechanism}, issn = {0960-7412}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02690.X}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Plant outward-rectifying K+ channels mediate K+ efflux from guard cells during stomatal closure and from root cells into the xylem for root-shoot allocation of potassium (K). Intriguingly, the gating of these channels depends on the extracellular K+ concentration, although the ions carrying the current are derived from inside the cell. This K+ dependence confers a sensitivity to the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]) that ensures that the channels mediate K+ efflux only, regardless of the [K+] prevailing outside. We investigated the mechanism of K+-dependent gating of the K+ channel SKOR of Arabidopsis by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutations affecting the intrinsic K+ dependence of gating were found to cluster in the pore and within the sixth transmembrane helix (S6), identifying an 'S6 gating domain' deep within the membrane. Mapping the SKOR sequence to the crystal structure of the voltage-dependent K+ channel KvAP from Aeropyrum pernix suggested interaction between the S6 gating domain and the base of the pore helix, a prediction supported by mutations at this site. These results offer a unique insight into the molecular basis for a physiologically important K+-sensory process in plants}, language = {en} } @article{WaltherWesselMalbergetal.2006, author = {Walther, T and Wessel, Niels and Malberg, Hagen and Voss, Andreas and Stepan, H and Faber, R}, title = {A combined technique for predicting pre-eclampsia : concurrent measurement of uterine perfusion and analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Objective Pre-eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy with high morbidity and mortality and an incidence of 3-5\% in all pregnancies. Early prediction is still insufficient in clinical practice. Although most pre- eclamptic patients have pathological uterine perfusion in the second trimester, perfusion disturbance has a positive predictive accuracy (PPA) only of approximately 30\%. Methods Non-invasive continuous blood pressure recordings were taken simultaneously via a finger cuff for 30 min. Time series of systolic as well as diastolic beat-to-beat pressure values were extracted to analyse heart rate and blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity in 102 second- trimester pregnancies, to assess predictability for pre-eclampsia (n = 16). All women underwent Doppler investigations of the uterine arteries. Results We identified a combination of three variability and baroreflex parameters to best predict pre-eclampsia several weeks before clinical manifestation. The discriminant function of these three parameters classified patients with later pre-eclampsia with a sensitivity of 87.5\%, a specificity of 83.7\%, and a PPA of 50.0\%. Combined with Doppler investigations of uterine arteries, PPA increased to 71.4\%. Conclusions This technique of incorporating one-stop clinical assessment of uterine perfusion and variability parameters in the second trimester produces the most effective prediction of pre-eclampsia to date}, language = {en} } @article{EwaldIgelHinzenetal.2006, author = {Ewald, Michael and Igel, Heiner and Hinzen, Klaus-G{\"u}nther and Scherbaum, Frank}, title = {Basin-related effects on ground motion for earthquake scenarios in the Lower Rhine Embayment}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02909.x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The deterministic calculation of earthquake scenarios using complete waveform modelling plays an increasingly important role in estimating shaking hazard in seismically active regions. Here we apply 3-D numerical modelling of seismic wave propagation to M 6+ earthquake scenarios in the area of the Lower Rhine Embayment, one of the seismically most active regions in central Europe. Using a 3-D basin model derived from geology, borehole information and seismic experiments, we aim at demonstrating the strong dependence of ground shaking on hypocentre location and basin structure. The simulations are carried out up to frequencies of ca. 1 Hz. As expected, the basin structure leads to strong lateral variations in peak ground motion, amplification and shaking duration. Depending on source-basin-receiver geometry, the effects correlate with basin depth and the slope of the basin flanks; yet, the basin also affects peak ground motion and estimated shaking hazard thereof outside the basin. Comparison with measured seismograms for one of the earthquakes shows that some of the main characteristics of the wave motion are reproduced. Cumulating the derived seismic intensities from the three modelled earthquake scenarios leads to a predominantly basin correlated intensity distribution for our study area}, language = {en} } @article{StraubeLyubimovShklyaev2006, author = {Straube, Arthur V. and Lyubimov, Dmitry V. and Shklyaev, Sergey V.}, title = {Averaged dynamics of two-phase media in a vibration field}, doi = {10.1063/1.2204057}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The averaged dynamics of various two-phase systems in a high-frequency vibration field is studied theoretically. The continuum approach is applied to describe such systems as solid particle suspensions, emulsions, bubbly fluids, when the volume concentration of the disperse phase is small and gravity is insignificant. The dynamics of the disperse system is considered by means of the method of averaging, when the fast pulsation and slow averaged motion can be treated separately. Two averaged models for both nondeformable and deformable particles, when the compressibility of the disperse phase becomes important, are obtained. A criterion when the compressibility of bubbles cannot be neglected is figured out. For both cases the developed models are applied to study the averaged dynamics of the disperse media in an infinite plane layer under the action of transversal vibration. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics}, language = {en} } @article{AlbersSpahn2006, author = {Albers, Nicole and Spahn, Frank}, title = {The influence of particle adhesion on the stability of agglomerates in Saturn's rings}, issn = {0019-1035}, doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2005.10.011}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In planetary rings, binary collisions and mutual gravity are the predominant particle interactions. Based on a viscoelastic contact model we implement the concept of static adhesion. We discuss the collision dynamics and obtain a threshold velocity for restitution or agglomeration to occur. The latter takes place within a range of a few cm s(-1) for icy grains at low temperatures. The stability of such two-body agglomerates bound by adhesion and gravity in a tidal environment is discussed and applied to the saturnian system. A maximal agglomerate size for a given orbit location is obtained. In this way we are able to resolve the borderline of the zone where agglomerates can exist as a function of the agglomerate size and thus gain an alternative to the classical Roche limit. An increasing ring grain size with distance to Saturn as observed by the VIMS-experiment on board the Cassini spacecraft can be found by our estimates and implications for the saturnian system will be addressed.}, language = {en} } @article{PlathRohdeSchroederetal.2006, author = {Plath, Martin and Rohde, Matthias and Schr{\"o}der, Thekla and Taebel-Hellwig, Angelika and Schlupp, Ingo}, title = {Female mating preferences in blind cave tetras Astyanax fasciatus (Characidae, Teleostei)}, issn = {0005-7959}, doi = {10.1163/156853906775133560}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The Mexican tetra Astyanax fasciatus has evolved a variety of more or less color- and eyeless cave populations. Here we examined the evolution of the female preference for large male body size within different populations of this species, either surface- or cave-dwelling. Given the choice between visual cues from a large and a small male, females from the surface form as well as females from an eyed cave form showed a strong preference for large males. When only non-visual cues were presented in darkness, the surface females did not prefer either males. Among the six cave populations studied, females of the eyed cave form and females of one of the five eyeless cave populations showed a preference for large males. Apparently, not all cave populations of Astyanax have evolved non-visual mating preferences. We discuss the role of selection by benefits of non-visual mate choice for the evolution of non-visual mating preferences}, language = {en} } @article{WilligMitschke2006, author = {Willig, Andreas and Mitschke, Robert}, title = {Results of bit error measurements with sensor nodes and casuistic consequences for design of energy-efficient error control schemes}, isbn = {978-3-540-32158-3}, year = {2006}, abstract = {For the proper design of energy-efficient error control schemes some insight into channel error patterns is needed. This paper presents bit error and packet loss measurements taken with sensor nodes running the popular RFM}, language = {en} } @article{WesselSchirdewan2006, author = {Wessel, Niels and Schirdewan, Alexander}, title = {Toward a prediction of sudden death in propofol-related infusion syndrome}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Schloer2006, author = {Schl{\"o}r, Joachim}, title = {Road, path, panorama : travel ways and landscape variations from 1930 to 1990}, issn = {0149-7952}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{WegenerKuenstlerGerhard2006, author = {Wegener, Michael and K{\"u}nstler, Wolfgang and Gerhard, Reimund}, title = {Poling behavior and optical absorption of partially dehydrofluorinated and uniaxially stretched polyvinylidene fluoride}, doi = {10.1080/00150190600694761}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Polyvinylidene fluoride was dissolved together with solid sodium hydroxide as catalyst in a dimethylsulfoxide/ acetone mixture and moderately dehydrofluorinated. The dehydrofluorination leads to a partial degradation of the fluorohydrocarbons, and in particular to main-chain scission and to formation of carbon double or triple bonds. This enhances the absorption at UV-vis frequencies. The degradation process also generates a large amount of excess charges in the polymer, which influence the electrical polarization behavior of the dehydrofluorinated polymer. Uniaxial stretching of moderately dehydrofluorinated polyvinylidene fluoride leads to films in a polar phase. Dipole polarization in the degraded and stretched films is demonstrated by means of switching experiments}, language = {en} } @article{PikovskijRosenau2006, author = {Pikovskij, Arkadij and Rosenau, Philip}, title = {Phase compactons}, doi = {10.1016/j.physd.2006.04.015}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We study the phase dynamics of a chain of autonomous, self-sustained, dispersively coupled oscillators. In the quasicontinuum limit the basic discrete model reduces to a Korteveg-de Vries-like equation, but with a nonlinear dispersion. The system supports compactons - solitary waves with a compact support - and kovatons - compact formations of glued together kink-antikink pairs that propagate with a unique speed, but may assume an arbitrary width. We demonstrate that lattice solitary waves, though not exactly compact, have tails which decay at a superexponential rate. They are robust and collide nearly elastically and together with wave sources are the building blocks of the dynamics that emerges from typical initial conditions. In finite lattices, after a long time, the dynamics becomes chaotic. Numerical studies of the complex Ginzburg-Landau lattice show that the non-dispersive coupling causes a damping and deceleration, or growth and acceleration, of compactons. A simple perturbation method is applied to study these effects. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{VanderVenEhlerVakeeletal.2006, author = {VanderVen, Peter F. M. and Ehler, Elisabeth and Vakeel, Padmanabhan and Eulitz, Stefan and Schenk, J{\"o}rg A. and Milting, Hendrik and Micheel, Burkhard and F{\"u}rst, Dieter Oswald}, title = {Unusual splicing events result in distinct Xin isoforms that associate differentially with filamin c and Mena/ VASP}, doi = {10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.03.015}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Filamin c is the predominantly expressed filamin isoform in striated muscles. It is localized in myofibrillar Z- discs, where it binds FATZ and myotilin, and in myotendinous junctions and intercalated discs. Here, we identify Xin, the protein encoded by the human gene 'cardiomyopathy associated 1' (CMYA1) as filamin c binding partner at these specialized structures where the ends of myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma. Xin directly binds the EVH1 domain proteins Mena and VASP. In the adult heart, Xin and Mena/VASP colocalize with filamin c in intercalated discs. In cultured cardiomyocytes, the proteins also localize in the nonstriated part of myofibrils, where sarcomeres are assembled and an extensive reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton occurs. Unusual intraexonic splicing events result in the existence of three Xin isoforms that associate differentially with its ligands. The identification of the complex filamin c-Xin-Mena/VASP provides a first glance on the role of Xin in the molecular mechanisms involved in developmental and adaptive remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during cardiac morphogenesis and sarcomere assembly. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{SchulzSeppeltZeheetal.2006, author = {Schulz, K. and Seppelt, Ralf and Zehe, Erwin and Vogel, Hans-J{\"o}rg and Attinger, Sabine}, title = {Importance of spatial structures in advancing hydrological sciences}, doi = {10.1029/2005wr004301}, year = {2006}, abstract = {[1] Spatial patterns of land surface and subsurface characteristics often exert significant control over hydrological processes at many scales. Recognition of the dominant controls at the watershed scale, which is a prerequisite to successful prediction of system responses, will require significant progress in many different research areas. The development and improvement of techniques for mapping structures and spatiotemporal patterns using geophysical and remote sensing techniques would greatly benefit watershed science but still requires a significant synthesis effort. Effective descriptions of hydrological systems will also significantly benefit from new scaling and averaging techniques, from new mathematical description for spatial pattern/structures and their dynamics, and also from an understanding and quantification of structure and pattern-building processes in different compartments ( soils, rocks, and land surface) and at different scales. The advances that are needed to tackle these complex challenges could be greatly facilitated through the development of an interdisciplinary research framework that explores instrumentation, theory, and simulation components and that is implemented in a coordinated manner}, language = {en} } @article{SchiffersTielboerger2006, author = {Schiffers, Katja and Tielb{\"o}rger, Katja}, title = {Ontogenetic shifts in interactions among annual plants}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01097.x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {1.Interactions among plants are key processes that strongly influence the structure and dynamics of plant populations and communities. However, most empirical studies of plant-plant inter­actions failed to repeatedly measure the plants? response to neighboring individuals and thereby neglected possible changes in interactions through­out the life history of the plants.2.Here, we tested the hypo­thesis that competition between annual species intensifies from early to late life history stages. To test this hypothesis, we sequentially measured interactions at different levels of water stress. 3.For this purpose, we con­ducted neighbor-removal experiments in three study sites located along a climatic gradient in Israel. The two annual species Biscutella didyma and Hymenocarpos circinnatus were used as target plants. They grew with and without neighbors in their natural habitats. Five response variables, according to the consecutive life-history stages, (seedling survival, juvenile biomass, adult survival, number of seeds and final biomass) were recorded through­out the whole growing season. 4.The results suggest that direction and inten­sity of inter­actions varied consider­ably between environ­ments and life stages. On average, growth-related response variables indicated higher competition intensity at the productive end of the climatic gradient, while survival indicated either facilitation at the dry end or no trend along the gradient. 5.Considering the temporal aspect, moderate facili­tation short after germi­nation shifted to strong compe­tition at the end of the growing season. 6.Our results highlight that the outcome of experi­mental studies on plant-plant inter­actions may not only depend on the environ­mental productivity but even more on the life stage at which a target plant is found.}, language = {en} } @article{SimchenKoebnickHoyeretal.2006, author = {Simchen, U and Koebnick, Corinna and Hoyer, Stephan W. and Issanchou, S and Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz}, title = {Odour and taste sensitivity is associated with body weight and extent of misreporting of body weight}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Background: Sensory factors are important determinants of appetite and food choices but little is known about the relationship between body weight and sensory capabilities. Objective: To investigate the relationship between measured body weights, misreporting of body weight and sensory capabilities. Design: In a cross-sectional sensory study, body weight was assessed by measured and self-reported body weight in healthy men ( n = 130) and women ( n = 181). Sensory capabilities were assessed as odour detection and identification, and detection for salty, sweet, sour and bitter taste. Results: Odour detection, odour identification and taste perception scores were lower in subjects with a BMI >= 28 kg/m(2) than in subjects with a BMI < 28 kg/m(2) in the age group < 65 years whereas in subjects >= 65 years scores were higher in subjects with a BMI >= 28 kg/m(2) than in subjects with a BMI < 28 kg/m(2) ( BMI*age group: P = 0.015, 0.053 and 0.015, respectively). Independent of age, scores were highest in under reporters of body weight ( P = 0.008, 0.001 and 0.017). Differences in taste perception could be attributed to sour ( P 0.015) and bitter ( P = 0.026) perception, but not to salty or sweet perception. Conclusion: Relationship between sensory capabilities and body mass is age dependent. Compared to overweight subjects, the sensory capabilities of normal weight individuals appear to be higher ( < 65 years) and lower ( >= 65 years). At any age, however, subjects who under reported their body weight show higher sensory capabilities}, language = {en} } @article{GarciaWagnerEinigetal.2006, author = {Garcia, Ada and Wagner, Karen and Einig, Christiana and Trippo, Ulrike and Koebnick, Corinna and Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz}, title = {Evaluation of body fat changes during weight loss by using improved anthropometric predictive equations}, issn = {0250-6807}, doi = {10.1159/000092601}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Background/Aim: Skinfold-based equations are widely used to evaluate body fat (BF), but over-/underestimation is often reported. We evaluate the capacity of improved skinfold-based equations to estimate BF changes during weight reduction and compare them against well-established equations. Methods: Overweight adults (n = 44) participated in a 4- month weight reduction intervention. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and after intervention. The BF\% was calculated using Garcia, Peterson, and Durnin and Womersley (DW) equations. Results: Baseline and postintervention BF\% measured by DXA correlated highest with BF\% predicted according to Garcia (r = 0.934 and r = 0.948, respectively), followed by Peterson (r = 0.941 and r = 0.932, respectively) and DW (r = 0.557 and r = 0.402, respectively); only a slight systematic error in overestimating the BF\% was observed in estimates according to Garcia (r = 0.147 and r = 0.104, respectively; p < 0.001), while increasing errors occurred using the Peterson (r = 0.624 and r = 0.712, respectively; p < 0.001) and DW (r = 0.767 and r = 0.769, respectively; p < 0.001) equations. Moderate correlations between BF changes (kg) measured by DXA and predicted by DW (r = 0.7211), Peterson (r = 0.697), and Garcia (r = 0.645) were observed. Conclusion: Improved skin-fold equations cannot accurately measure changes in BF after weight reduction}, language = {en} } @article{KietzkeEgbeHoerholdetal.2006, author = {Kietzke, Thomas and Egbe, Daniel A. M. and H{\"o}rhold, Hans-Heinrich and Neher, Dieter}, title = {Comparative study of M3EH-PPV-based bilayer photovoltaic devices}, issn = {4018-4022}, doi = {10.1021/Ma0601991}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We have recently shown that efficient polymer solar cells can be fabricated by using a weakly soluble derivative of poly-p-vinylene (M3EH-PPV) as the electron donor. Here we present studies on bilayer devices using organic electron acceptors with varying LUMO levels and M3EH-PPV. It is found that the open-circuit voltage scales linearly with the LUMO level of the acceptor, reaching values as high as 1.5 V when cyano-substituted poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)-alt- poly(p-phenylenevinylene) copolymers are used. Further, we discovered that for an increasing number of triple bonds in the repeat unit of the acceptor polymer the device performance decreases with increasing thickness of the acceptor layer. Also, the quantum efficiency was smaller when using polymers with higher LUMO levels. Thus, further effort is needed to design optimum acceptor polymers for devices exhibiting large open-circuit voltage and high quantum efficiency}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtHermanns2006, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Hermanns, Jolanda}, title = {Ring closing metathesis of substrates containing more than two C-C-double bonds : rapid access to functionalized heterocycles}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In most cases where ring closing metathesis is applied to the synthesis of heterocycles, alpha,omega-dienes are used as precursors. If substrates containing more than two double bonds are subjected to a metathesis reaction, carba- or heterocycles bearing additional exocyclic alkene functionality result, or multiple ring closing processes occur. This offers interesting and potentially very useful synthetic perspectives. On the other hand, selectivity problems need to be addressed as the cyclization of substrates with more than two double bonds available for olefin metathesis may result in constitutional isomers or stereoisomers. This review highlights problems and opportunities evolving from ring closing metathesis of tri-, tetra-, and polyenes as a strategy for the selective synthesis of functionalized heterocycles. The chapter on RCM of trienes is subdivided according to the symmetry of the metathesis precursor. The following two chapters deal with the double or multiple RCM of tetra- or polyenes. These processes are further classified according to the preferred cyclization mode. Finally, the application of cascade or domino metathesis reactions to the synthesis of heterocycles will be discussed. These processes can be classified into those where exclusively C-C-double bonds take part in the metathesis reaction, and those where one or more C-C-triple bonds are involved}, language = {en} } @article{BoeckmannKirsche2006, author = {B{\"o}ckmann, Christine and Kirsche, Andreas}, title = {Iterative regularization method for lidar remote sensing}, issn = {0010-4655}, doi = {10.1016/j.cpc.2005.12.019}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this paper we present an inversion algorithm for ill-posed problems arising in atmospheric remote sensing. The proposed method is an iterative Runge-Kutta type regularization method. Those methods are better well known for solving differential equations. We adapted them for solving inverse ill-posed problems. The numerical performances of the algorithm are studied by means of simulations concerning the retrieval of aerosol particle size distributions from lidar observations.}, language = {en} } @article{MeinelKlotz2006, author = {Meinel, Christoph and Klotz, Volker}, title = {The first 10 years of the ECCC digital library}, doi = {10.1145/1107458.1107484}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{RichterEngbertKliegl2006, author = {Richter, Eike M. and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Current advances in SWIFT}, issn = {1389-0417}, doi = {10.1016/j.cogsys.2005.07.003}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Models of eye movement control are very useful for gaining insights into the intricate connections of different cognitive and oculomotor subsystems involved in reading. The SWIFT model (Engbert, Longtin, \& Kliegl (2002). Vision Research, 42, 621 - 636) proposed a unified mechanism to account for all types of eye movement patterns that might be observed in reading behavior. The model is based on the notion of spatially distributed, or parallel, processing of words in a sentence. We present a refined version of SWIFT introducing a letter-based approach that proposes a processing gradient in the shape of a smooth function. We show that SWIFT extents its capabilities by accounting for distributions of landing positions.}, language = {en} } @article{SaalfrankNestAndrianovetal.2006, author = {Saalfrank, Peter and Nest, Mathias and Andrianov, Igor V. and Klamroth, Tillmann and Kroner, Dominic and Beyvers, Stephanie}, title = {Quantum dynamics of laser-induced desorption from metal and semiconductor surfaces, and related phenomena}, volume = {18}, number = {30}, publisher = {IOP Publ.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1361-648X}, doi = {10.1088/0953-8984/18/30/S05}, pages = {S1425 -- S1459}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Recent progress towards a quantum theory of laser-induced desorption and related phenomena is reviewed, for specific examples. These comprise the photodesorption of NO from Pt(111), the scanning tunnelling microscope and laser- induced desorption and switching of H at Si(100), and the electron stimulated desorption and dissociation of CO at Ru(0001). The theoretical methods used for nuclear dynamics range from open-system density matrix theory over nonadiabatically coupled multi-state models to electron-nuclear wavepackets. Also, aspects of time-dependent spectroscopy to probe ultrafast nonadiabatic processes at surfaces will be considered for the example of two-photon photoemission of solvated electrons in ice layers on Cu(111)}, language = {en} } @article{RozinatVanderAalst2006, author = {Rozinat, A and Van der Aalst, Wil M. P.}, title = {Conformance testing: Measuring the fit and appropriateness of event logs and process models}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Most information systems log events (e.g., transaction logs, audit traits) to audit and monitor the processes they support. At the same time, many of these processes have been explicitly modeled. For example, SAP R/3 logs events in transaction logs and there are EPCs (Event-driven Process Chains) describing the so-called reference models. These reference models describe how the system should be used. The coexistence of event logs and process models raises an interesting question: "Does the event log conform to the process model and vice versa?". This paper demonstrates that there is not a simple answer to this question. To tackle the problem, we distinguish two dimensions of conformance: fitness (the event log may be the result of the process modeled) and appropriateness (the model is a likely candidate from a structural and behavioral point of view). Different metrics have been defined and a Conformance Checker has been implemented within the ProM Framework}, language = {en} } @article{AndertSanchaisuriyaSanchaisuriyaetal.2006, author = {Andert, Christoph U. and Sanchaisuriya, Pattara and Sanchaisuriya, Kanokwan and Schelp, Frank P. and Schweigert, Florian J.}, title = {Nutritional status of pregnant women in Northeast Thailand}, issn = {0964-7058}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A comparative study on the nutritional status of primiparous and multiparous women in the first trimester of pregnancy was conducted in the northeastern province of Thailand, Khon Kaen, to investigate differences in protein- energy-mal nutrition, iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin A deficiency and carotenoid status between both parity groups. 94 subjects were recruited at first attendance of antenatal clinic. Data about weight, height, haemoglobin and haematocrit were obtained from hospital records. Anthropometric measurements of mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold were done on a sub sample. Retinol, carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol were analysed using a reversed-phase high- performance liquid chromatography method. Ferritin, transthyretin and retinol-binding protein were determined by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Primiparous women showed lower body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, corrected arm muscle area (P <0.001) as well as lower retinol, cholesterol and triceps skinfold (P <0.05). After adjusting for age and socio-economical status the significant difference persisted for all parameters but triceps skinfold. No significant differences of alpha-tocopherol, serum proteins, carotenoids and iron indices could be observed, even though a tendency to higher values for ferritin, haemoglobin and haematocrit was shown in multiparous women. Prevalence of protein-energy- malnutrition (body mass index <18.5 kg/m(2)) in the primiparous group was significantly higher compared to the multiparous group (P<0.05). Prevalence of protein-energy-malnutrition, iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin A deficiency were 15.1\%, 6.3\% and 3.3\%, respectively, in the total study population. No differences between parity groups could be observed for prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin A deficiency}, language = {en} } @article{TewsEstherMiltonetal.2006, author = {Tews, J{\"o}rg and Esther, Alexandra and Milton, Sue J. and Jeltsch, Florian}, title = {Linking a population model with an ecosystem model : assessing the impact of land use and climate change on savanna shrub cover dynamics}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.025}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In semiarid savannas of Southern Africa current land use practices and climate change may lead to substantial changes of vegetation structure in the near future, however uncertainty remains about the potential consequences and the magnitude of change. In this paper we study the impact of climate change, cattle grazing, and wood cutting on shrub cover dynamics in savannas of the southern Kalahari. We use an established savanna ecosystem model to simulate landscape dynamics in terms of rainfall, fire and distribution of the dominant tree Acacia erioloba. We then incorporate these data into a spatial population model of the common, fleshy-fruited shrub Grewia flava and investigate shrub cover dynamics for a period of 100 years. Depending on the intensity of commercial wood cutting practices tree removal of A. erioloba led to a strong decline of the G. flava population, as shrub recruitment is concentrated in tree sub-canopies due to bird-mediated seed dispersal. Under climate change shrub cover slightly decreased with decreasing precipitation and was unchanged with increase in precipitation variability. Contrarily, grazing by cattle strongly increased shrub cover and facilitated shrub encroachment because of cattle-induced distribution of G. flava seeds into the matrix vegetation. Knowledge of the latter process is particularly important because shrub invasion is a major concern for conservation and savanna rangeland management as a result of its adverse effects on livestock carrying capacity and biodiversity}, language = {en} } @article{JakupecMeiervanCuong2006, author = {Jakupec, Viktor and Meier, Bernd and van Cuong, Nguyen}, title = {International trends in building teaching curriculum and the relations to the upper secondary curriculum in Viet Nam}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{BreiterFoersterSkoda2006, author = {Breiter, Karel and F{\"o}rster, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Skoda, Radek}, title = {Extreme P-, Bi-, Nb-, Sc-, U- and F-rich zircon from fractionated perphosphorous granites: the peraluminous Podlesi granite system, Czech Republic}, issn = {0024-4937}, doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2005.08.011}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The strongly peraluminous and P-rich, protolithionite and zinnwaldite leucogranites from Podlesi, western Krusne Hory Mts., Czech Republic, contain accessory zircon with extraordinary enrichment of several elements, which constitute trace elements in common zircon. Elements showing a not yet reported anomalous enrichment include P (up to 20.2 wt.\% P2O5; equivalent to 0.60 apfu, formula calculated on the basis of 4 oxygen atoms), Bi (up to 9.0 wt.\% Bi2O3; 0.086 apfu), Nb (up to 6.7 wt.\% Nb2O5, 0.12 apfu), Sc (up to 3.45 wt.\% Sc2O3; 0.10 apfu), U (up to 14.8 wt.\% UO2; 0.12 apfu) and F (up to 3.81 wt.\% F; 0.42 apfu). Strong enrichment of P preferentially involved the berlinite-type substitution (2 Si4+ double left right arrow P5+ + Al3+) implying that significant Al may enter the Si position in zircon. Incorporation of other exotic elements is primarily governed by the xenotime (Si4++Zr4+ double left right arrow P5++Y3+), pretulite (Sc3++P5+ double left right arrow Zr4++Si4+), brabantite-type (Ca2++(U, Th)(4+)+2P(5+) double left right arrow 2Zr(4+)+2Si(4+)), and ximengite-type (Bi3++P5+double left right arrow Zr4++Si4+) substitution reactions. One part of the anomalous zircons formed late-magmatically, from a strongly peraluminous, P-F-U-rich hydrous residual melt that gave rise to the zinnwaldite granite. Interaction with aggressive residual fluids and metamictization have further aided in element enrichment or depletion, particularly in altered parts of zircon contained in the protolithionite granite. Most of the zircon from F-rich greisens have a composition close to endmember ZrSiO4 and are chemically distinct from zircon in its granite parent. This discrepancy implies that at Podlesi, granitic zircon became unstable and completely dissolved during greisenization. Part of the mobilized elements was reprecipitated in newly grown, hydrothermal zircon.}, language = {en} } @article{GerbserSchaub2006, author = {Gerbser, Martin and Schaub, Torsten}, title = {Tableau calculi for answer set programming}, issn = {0302-9743}, doi = {10.1007/11799573}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{LattemannStieglitz2006, author = {Lattemann, Christoph and Stieglitz, Stefan}, title = {Coworker governance in open-source projects}, isbn = {978-0-444-52769-1}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{LattemannKupke2006, author = {Lattemann, Christoph and Kupke, S{\"o}ren}, title = {Bridging the Experience Gap in Virtual Organizations}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{PannewickEtte2006, author = {Pannewick, Friederike and Ette, Ottmar}, title = {The American Hemisphere and the Arab World : introduction}, isbn = {3-86527-289-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Konczak2006, author = {Konczak, Kathrin}, title = {Weak order equivalence for Logic Programs with Prefernces}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Niehl2006, author = {Niehl, Annette Christine}, title = {Exploring defence responses in the compatible interaction between potato and potato Virus X : the cell wall matters}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {116 Bl. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{GerbserSchaub2006, author = {Gerbser, Martin and Schaub, Torsten}, title = {Characterizing (ASP) inferences by unit propagation}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{GerbserLeeLierler2006, author = {Gerbser, Martin and Lee, Joohyung and Lierler, Yuliya}, title = {Elementary sets for logic programs}, isbn = {978-1-57735-281-5}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{AngerGebserJanhunenetal.2006, author = {Anger, Christian and Gebser, Martin and Janhunen, Tomi and Schaub, Torsten}, title = {What's a head without a body?}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2006, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Germany}, isbn = {83-88216-99-6}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Konczak2006, author = {Konczak, Kathrin}, title = {Voting Theory in Answer Set Programming}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Priewe2006, author = {Priewe, Marc}, title = {Writing transit : refiguring national imaginaries in Chicana/o narratives}, series = {American Studies}, volume = {140}, journal = {American Studies}, publisher = {Winter}, address = {Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-8253-5215-8}, pages = {XII, 267 S. : Ill.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @book{Schulze2006, author = {Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang}, title = {Pseudo-differential calculus on Manifolds with geometric singularities}, series = {Preprint / Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Institut f{\"u}r Mathematik, Arbeitsgruppe Partiell}, journal = {Preprint / Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Institut f{\"u}r Mathematik, Arbeitsgruppe Partiell}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1437-739X}, pages = {60 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @book{HarutjunjanSchulze2006, author = {Harutjunjan, Gohar and Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang}, title = {Boundary value problems in weighted edge spaces}, series = {Preprint / Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Institut f{\"u}r Mathematik, Arbeitsgruppe Partiell}, journal = {Preprint / Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Institut f{\"u}r Mathematik, Arbeitsgruppe Partiell}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1437-739X}, pages = {21 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{GressmannJanhunenMerceretal.2006, author = {Gressmann, Jean and Janhunen, Tomi and Mercer, Robert E. and Schaub, Torsten and Thiele, Sven and Tichy, Richard}, title = {On probing and multi-threading in platypus}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{DeDonnoSchulze2006, author = {De Donno, Giuseppe and Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang}, title = {Meromorphic symbolic structures for boundary value problems on manifolds with edges}, issn = {0025-584X}, doi = {10.1002/mana.200310366}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We investigate the ideal of Green and Mellin operators with asymptotics for a manifold with edge-corner singularities and boundary which belongs to the structure of parametrices of elliptic boundary value problems on a configuration with corners whose base manifolds have edges.}, language = {en} } @article{EccardDeanWichmannetal.2006, author = {Eccard, Jana and Dean, W. Richard J. and Wichmann, Matthias and Huttunen, S. M and Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa and Moloney, Kirk A. and Jeltsch, Florian}, title = {Use of large Acacia trees by the cavity dwelling Black-tailed Tree Rat in the southern Kalahari}, issn = {0140-1963}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.019}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Recent extensive harvesting of large, often dead Acacia trees in and savanna of southern Africa is cause for concern about the conservation status of the arid savanna and its animal community. We mapped vegetation and nests of the Black-tailed Tree Rat Thallomy's nigricauda to assess the extent to which the rats depend on particular tree species and on the existence of dead, standing trees. The study was conducted in continuous Acacia woodland on the southern and eastern edge of the Kalahari, South Africa. Trees in which there were tree rat nests were compared with trees of similar size and vigour to identify the characteristics of nest sites. Spatial analysis of tree rat distribution was conducted using Ripley's-L function. We found that T nigricauda was able to utilize all available tree species, as long as trees were large and old enough so that cavities were existing inside the stem. The spatial distribution of nest trees did not show clumping at the investigated scale, and we therefore reject the notion of the rats forming colonies when inhabiting continuous woodlands. The selection of a particular tree as a nest site was furthermore depending on the close proximity of the major food plant, Acacia mellifera. This may limit the choice of suitable nest sites. since A. mellifera was less likely to grow within a vegetation patch containing a large trees than in patches without large trees.}, language = {en} } @article{MittalPorcasWucknitzetal.2006, author = {Mittal, Rupal and Porcas, Richard and Wucknitz, Olaf and Biggs, Andy D. and Browne, Ian W. A.}, title = {VLBI phase-reference observations of the gravitational lens JVAS B0218+357}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:20054012}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present the results of phase-referenced VLBA+Effelsberg observations at five frequencies of the double-image gravitational lens WAS B0218+357, made to establish the precise registration of the A and B lensed image positions. The motivation behind these observations is to investigate the anomalous variation of the image flux-density ratio (A[B) with frequency - this ratio changes by almost a factor of two over a frequency range from 1.65 GHz to 15.35 GHz. We investigate whether frequency dependent image positions, combined with a magnification gradient across the image field, could give rise to the anomaly. Our observations confirm the variation of image flux-density ratio with frequency. The results from Our phase-reference astrometry, taken together with the lens mass model of Wucknitz et al. (2004, MNRAS, 349, 14), show that shifts of the image peaks and centroids are too small to account for the observed frequency- dependent ratio}, language = {en} } @article{LiSunKurths2006, author = {Li, Changpin and Sun, Weigang and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Synchronization of complex dynamical networks with time delays}, issn = {0378-4371}, doi = {10.1016/j.physa.2005.07.007}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In the present paper, two kinds of dynamical complex networks are considered. The first is that elements of every node have different time delays but all nodes in Such networks have the same time-delay vector. The second is that different nodes have different time-delay vectors, and the elements of each node also have different time delays. Corresponding synchronization theorems are established. Numerical examples show the efficiency of the derived theorems.}, language = {en} } @article{CoriascoSchulze2006, author = {Coriasco, Sandro and Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang}, title = {Edge problems on configurations with model cones of different dimensions}, issn = {0030-6126}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Elliptic equations on configurations W = W-1 boolean OR (. . .) boolean OR W-N with edge Y and components W-j of different dimension can be treated in the frame of pseudo-differential analysis on manifolds with geometric singularities, here edges. Starting from edge-degenerate operators on Wj, j = 1, . . . , N, we construct an algebra with extra 'transmission' conditions on Y that satisfy an analogue of the Shapiro-Lopatinskij condition. Ellipticity refers to a two-component symbolic hierarchy with an interior and an edge part; the latter one is operator- valued, operating on the union of different dimensional model cones. We construct parametrices within our calculus, where exchange of information between the various components is encoded in Green and Mellin operators that are smoothing on WY. Moreover, we obtain regularity of solutions in weighted edge spaces with asymptotics}, language = {en} } @article{CordesKaiserSelbig2006, author = {Cordes, Frank and Kaiser, Rolf and Selbig, Joachim}, title = {Bioinformatics approach to predicting HIV drug resistance}, issn = {1473-7159}, doi = {10.1586/14737159.6.2.207}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The emergence of drug resistance remains one of the most challenging issues in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The extreme replication dynamics of HIV facilitates its escape from the selective pressure exerted by the human immune system and by the applied combination drug therapy. This article reviews computational methods whose combined use can support the design of optimal antiretroviral therapies based on viral genotypic and phenotypic data. Genotypic assays are based on the analysis of mutations associated with reduced drug susceptibility, but are difficult to interpret due to the numerous mutations and mutational patterns that confer drug resistance. Phenotypic resistance or susceptibility can be experimentally evaluated by measuring the inhibition of the viral replication in cell culture assays. However, this procedure is expensive and time consuming}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarz2006, author = {Schwarz, Wolfgang}, title = {On the relationship between the redundant signals effect and temporal order judgments: Parametric data and a new model}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Paradigms used to study the time course of the redundant signals effect (RSE; J. O. Miller, 1986) and temporal order judgments (TOJs) share many important similarities and address related questions concerning the time course of sensory processing. The author of this article proposes and tests a new aggregate diffusion-based model to quantitatively explain both the RSE and TOJs and the relationship between them. Parametric data (13 stimulus onset asynchronies) from an experiment with pairs of visual stimuli (626-nm LEDs) confirm that, relative to central signals (3 degrees), peripheral signals (35 degrees) yield slower reaction times, more strongly modulated RSE time-course functions, and flatter TOJ psychometric functions. All of these qualitative features are well captured, even in quantitative detail, by the aggregate diffusion model}, language = {en} } @article{BestSchroederHerbert2006, author = {Best, Wendy and Schr{\"o}der, Astrid and Herbert, Ruth}, title = {An investigation of a relative impairment in naming non-living items : theoretical and methodological implications}, issn = {0911-6044}, doi = {10.1016/j.jneuroling.2005.09.001}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This paper presents a study of PH, a woman with aphasia, who shows a robust impairment in naming pictures of non-living relative to living things. Un-timed investigations of feature knowledge show similar performance across categories suggesting that, as in previous studies, the category effect may be arising at a post-semantic level. However, her performance on a timed feature verification task was slower for non-living than living things (relative to matched controls), in line with her naming. This suggests that the source of PH's category deficit is in fact semantic and that thorough investigation is necessary before claiming a post-semantic category specific deficit in word production. Finally, the results of an intervention study, which apparently eliminated the effect of semantic category on PH's naming, are reported.}, language = {en} } @article{ThielRomanoKurths2006, author = {Thiel, Marco and Romano, Maria Carmen and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Spurious structures in recurrence plots induced by embedding}, doi = {10.1007/s11071-006-2010-9}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this paper we show that delay embedding produces spurious structures in a recurrence plot (RP) that are not present in the real attractor. We analyze typical sets of simulated data, such as white noise and data from the chaotic Rossler system to show the relevance of this effect. In the second part of the paper we show that the second order Renyi entropy and the correlation dimension are dynamical invariants that can be estimated from Recurrence Plots with arbitrary embedding dimension and delay}, language = {en} } @article{GoldobinPikovskij2006, author = {Goldobin, Denis S. and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Effects of delayed feedback on Kuramoto transition}, issn = {0375-9687}, doi = {10.1143/PTPS.161.43}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We develop a weakly nonlinear theory of the Kuramoto transition in an ensemble of globally coupled oscillators in presence of additional time-delayed coupling terms. We show that a linear delayed feedback not only controls the transition point, but effectively changes the nonlinear terms near the transition. A purely nonlinear delayed coupling does not effect the transition point, but can reduce or enhance the amplitude of collective oscillations}, language = {en} } @article{BlasigWinklerLassowskietal.2006, author = {Blasig, Ingolf E. and Winkler, Lars and Lassowski, Birgit and M{\"u}ller, Sandra L. and Zuleger, Nikolaj and Krause, Eberhard and Krause, Gerd and Gast, Klaus and Kolbe, Michael and Piontek, J{\"o}rg}, title = {On the self-association potential of transmembrane tight junction proteins}, issn = {1420-682X}, doi = {10.1007/s00018-005-5472-x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Tight junctions seal intercellular clefts via membrane-related strands, hence, maintaining important organ functions. We investigated the self-association of strand-forming transmembrane tight junction proteins. The regulatory tight junction protein occludin was differently tagged and cotransfected in eucaryotic cells. These occludins colocalized within the plasma membrane of the same cell, coprecipitated and exhibited fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Differently tagged strand-forming claudin-5 also colocalized in the plasma membrane of the same cell and showed fluorescence resonance energy transfer. This demonstrates self-association in intact cells both of occludin and claudin-5 in one plasma membrane. In search of dimerizing regions of occludin, dimerization of its cytosolic C-terminal coiled-coil domain was identified. In claudin-5, the second extracellular loop was detected as a dimer. Since the transmembrane junctional adhesion molecule also is known to dimerize, the assumption that homodimerization of transmembrane tight junction proteins may serve as a common structural feature in tight junction assembly is supported}, language = {en} } @article{Stoecklein2006, author = {St{\"o}cklein, Walter F. M.}, title = {Molecule-detective}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Biosensors are analytical devices incorporating biological material (receptor) intimately associated with or integrated within a physicochernical transducer. Advantages are the high selectivity for analyte detection. Examples given comprise the very successful commercial blood glucose biosensors made for the self-control by the diabetic patients. Other biosensors are part of an analytic system, including the sensor chips Of surface plasmon resonance or interferometry based devices, piezoelectric or reflectometric sensors capable of direct measurement of mass changes, and thermometric and other reagentless sensors. The development of nanotubes-based devices allows for significant enhancment of the signal-to-noise ratio of the biosensors. A milestone on the way towards miniaturization and parallelization of biosensors is the recently developed and prize-winning electronic DNA chip}, language = {en} } @article{YenesewKiplagatDereseetal.2006, author = {Yenesew, Abiy and Kiplagat, John T. and Derese, Solomon and Midiwo, Jacob O. and Kabaru, Jacques M. and Heydenreich, Matthias and Peter, Martin G.}, title = {Two unusual rotenoid derivatives, 7a-O-methyl-12a-hydroxydeguelol and spiro-13-homo-13-oxaelliptone, from the seeds of Derris trifoliata}, doi = {10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.002}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The crude methanol extract of the seeds of Derris trifoliata showed potent and dose dependent larvicidal activity against the 2nd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. From this extract two unusual rotenoid derivatives, a rotenoloid (named 7a-O-methyl-12a-hydroxydeguelol) and a spirohomooxarotenoid (named spiro-13-homo-13-oxaelliptone), were isolated and characterised. In addition a rare natural chromanone (6,7-dimethoxy-4-chromanone) and the known rotenoids rotenone, tephrosin and dehydrodeguelin were identified. The structures were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The larvicidal activity of the crude extract is mainly due to rotenone. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{DeschampsHaferkampDauvilleeetal.2006, author = {Deschamps, Philippe and Haferkamp, Ilka and Dauvillee, David and Haebel, Sophie and Steup, Martin and Buleon, Alain and Putaux, Jean-Luc and Colleoni, Christophe and d'Hulst, Christophe and Plancke, Charlotte and Gould, Sven and Maier, Uwe and Neuhaus, Heinz Eckhard and Ball, Steven G.}, title = {Nature of the periplastidial pathway of starch synthesis in the cryptophyte Guillardia theta}, issn = {1535-9778}, doi = {10.1128/Ec.00380-05}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The nature of the periplastidial pathway of starch biosynthesis was investigated with the model cryptophyte Guillardia theta. The storage polysaccharide granules were shown to be composed of both amylose and amylopectin fractions with a chain length distribution and crystalline organization very similar to those of starch from green algae and land plants. Most starch granules displayed a shape consistent with biosynthesis occurring around the pyrenoid through the rhodoplast membranes. A protein with significant similarity to the amylose-synthesizing granule-bound starch syntbase 1 from green plants was found as the major polypeptide bound to the polysaccharide matrix. N-terminal sequencing of the mature protein proved that the precursor protein carries a nonfunctional transit peptide in its bipartite topogenic signal sequence which is cleaved without yielding transport of the enzyme across the two inner plastid membranes. The enzyme was shown to display similar affinities for ADP and UDP-glucose, while the V-max measured with UDP-glucose was twofold higher. The granule-bound starch synthase from Guillardia theta was demonstrated to be responsible for the synthesis of long glucan chains and therefore to be the functional equivalent of the amylose- synthesizing enzyme of green plants. Preliminary characterization of the starch pathway suggests that Guillardia theta utilizes a UDP-glucose-based pathway to synthesize starch}, language = {en} } @article{LettauWarsinkeKatterleetal.2006, author = {Lettau, Kristian and Warsinke, Axel and Katterle, Martin and Danielsson, Bengt and Scheller, Frieder W.}, title = {A bifunctional molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP): analysis of binding and catalysis by a thermistor}, doi = {10.1002/anie.200601796}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Binding or catalysis? Both can be distinguished with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) by the different patterns of heat generation. The catalytically active sites, like in the corresponding enzyme, generate a steady-state temperature increase. Thus, enzyme-like catalysis and antibody-analogue binding are analyzed simultaneously in a bifunctional MIP for the first time (see scheme).}, language = {en} } @article{MenendezRawelSchwarzenbolzetal.2006, author = {Menendez, Orquidea and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Schwarzenbolz, Uwe and Henle, Thomas}, title = {Structural changes of microbial transglutaminase during thermal and high-pressure treatment}, doi = {10.1021/Jf0522863}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The activity of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) and the corresponding secondary structure, measured by circular dichroism (CID), was analyzed before and after treatment at different temperatures (40 and 80 degrees C) and pressures (0.1, 200, 400, 600 MPa). Irreversible enzyme inactivation was achieved after 2 min at 80 degrees C and 0.1 MPa. Enzyme inactivation at 0.1, 200, 400, and 600 MPa and 40 degrees C followed first-order kinetics. The enzyme showed residual activity of 50\% after 12 min at 600 MPa and 40 degrees C. Mobility of aromatic side chains of the enzyme molecule was observed in all temperature- and/or pressure-treated samples; however, high-pressure treatment at 600 MPa induced a loss of tertiary structure and a significant decrease in the alpha-helix content. The relative content of beta- strand substructures was significantly increased after 30 min at 600 MPa and 40 degrees C or 2 min at 0.1 MPa and 80 degrees C. We conclude that the active center of MTG, which is located in an expanded 8-strand domain, is resistant to high hydrostatic pressure and pressure-induced inactivation is caused by destruction of cc-helix elements with a corresponding influence on the enzyme stability in solution}, language = {en} } @article{WawrzenitzRomerOberhaenslietal.2006, author = {Wawrzenitz, Nicole and Romer, Rolf L. and Oberh{\"a}nsli, Roland and Dong, Shuwen}, title = {Dating of subduction and differential exhumation of UHP rocks from the Central Dabie Complex (E-China) : constraints from microfabrics, Rb-Sr and U-Pb isotope systems}, doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2005.12.001}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The correlation of deformation fabrics and metamorphic reactions with geochronologic data of UHP metamorphic rocks demonstrate that the multistage subduction and exhumation history of the Central Dabie Complex requires rapid subduction and rapid initial exhumation. Moreover, these data show that volume diffusion is not the major resetting mechanism of radiogenic isotope systems. Thus, our age data do not simply reflect a thermal/cooling history. In the investigated section, the maximum age for UHP is given by the 244 +/- 3 Ma (2 sigma) U-Pb age of a pre-UHP titanite phenocryst that survived UHP metamorphism and subsequent tectonometamorphic events. A minimum age for UHP is set by the 238 +/- 1 Ma (2 sigma) U-238-Pb-206 mineral isochron age of titanite and cogenetic epidote. These minerals formed from local partial melts during ascent and their age suggests fast exhumation and emplacement in the middle crust. In the period of ca. 238-218 Ma, the UHP terrain records HT metamorphism, local partial melting, and extensive pervasive strain below the eclogite (jd+grt) stability field. Exhumation was polyphase with a first phase of fast exhumation, succeeded by episodes of HT metamorphism and concomitant deformation at deep/mid crustal level between 238 and 218 Ma. Slow exhumation related to the final emplacement of tectonic units along greenschist facies shear zones did not cease before ca. 209-204 Ma. The resetting and homogenization of radiogenic isotope systems were aided by dissolution precipitation creep, which was the dominant deformation mechanism in quartz-feldspar rocks, in combination with fluid influx. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{CarrapaStreckerSobel2006, author = {Carrapa, Barbara and Strecker, Manfred and Sobel, Edward}, title = {Cenozoic orogenic growth in the Central Andes : evidence from sedimentary rock provenance and apatite fission track thermochronology in the Fiambala Basin, southernmost Puna Plateau margin (NW Argentina)}, issn = {0012-821X}, doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.010}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Intramontane sedimentary basins along the margin of continental plateaus often preserve strata that contain fundamental information regarding the pattern of orogenic growth. The sedimentary record of the elastic Miocene-Pliocene sequence deposited in the Fiambala Basin, at the southern margin of the Puna Plateau (NW Argentina), documents the late Miocene paleodrainage evolution from headwaters to the west, towards headwaters in the ranges that constitute the border of the Puna Plateau to the north. Apatite Fission track (AFT) thermochronology of sedimentary and basement rocks show that the southern Puna Plateau was the source for the youngest, middle Miocene, detrital population detected in late Miocene rocks; and that the margin of the Puna Plateau expressed a high relief, possibly similar to or higher than at present, by late Miocene time. Cooling ages obtained from basement rocks at the southern Puna margin suggest that exhumation started in the Oligocene and continued until the middle Miocene. We interpret the basin reorganization and the creation of a high relief plateau margin to be the direct response of the source-basin system to a wholesale surface uplift event that may have occurred during the late Cenozoic in the Puna-Altiplano region. At this time coeval paleodrainage reorganization is observed not only in the Fiambala Basin, but also in different basins along the southern and eastern Puna margin, suggesting a genetic link between the last stage of plateau formation and basin response. However, this event did not cause sufficient exhumation of basin bounding ranges to be recorded by AFT thermochronology. Our new data thus document a decoupling between late Cenozoic surface uplift and exhumation in the southern Puna Plateau. High relief achieved at the Puna margin by late Miocene time is linked to Oligocene-Miocene exhumation; no significant erosion (< 3 km) has occurred since in this and highland.}, language = {en} } @article{Foerster2006, author = {F{\"o}rster, Hans-J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Composition and origin of intermediate solid solutions in the system thorite-xenotime-zircon-coffinite}, issn = {0024-4937}, doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2005.08.003}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A comprehensive survey of the accessory-mineral assemblages in Variscan granites of the German Erzgebirge and Pan-African granites from Jordan revealed the occurrence of intermediate solid solutions of the tetragonal thorite- xenotime-zircon-coffinite mineral group with partially novel compositions. These solid solutions preferentially formed in evolved and metasomatically altered, P-poor leucogranites of either I- or A-type affinity. Thorite from the Erzgebirge contained up to 18-8 Wt-\% Y2O3, 16.1 wt.\% ZrO2, and 23.3 Wt-\% UO2. Xenotime and zircon have incorporated Th in abundances up to 36.3 wt.\% and 41.8 wt.\% ThO2, respectively. Extended compositional gradation with only minor gaps is confined to hydrated members of this mineral group, and is observed to exist between thorite and xenotime, thorite and coffinite, and Y-HREE-bearing thorite and zircon. Complex, hydrous solid solutions containing elevated abundances of three or more of the endmembers are subordinate. Previously reported intermediate solid solutions between anhydrous zircon and xenotime, and anhydrous zircon and thorite, are not observed and are in conflict with experimental work demonstrating very limited miscibility between anhydrous species of endmember composition. The majority of hydrous intermediate solid solutions in the Th-Y-Zr-U system are likely thermodynamically unstable. Instead, they are probably metastable responses to unusual physico-chemical conditions involving various parameters and conditions, the relative importance of which is incompletely known. Leaching and dissolution of preexisting accessory phases during interaction with F-bearing hydrous fluids enriched in Th, Y(HREE), Zr, and/or U, and common deposition of the various elements at disequilibrium (supersaturation) seems to play a key role, but other processes may be of similar importance. Experimental work involving hydrous conditions and complex systems composed of more than two endmembers are needed to shed light into the stability relations of the chemically uncommon compositions treated in this study.}, language = {en} } @article{ThiedeArrowsmithBookhagenetal.2006, author = {Thiede, Rasmus Christoph and Arrowsmith, J. Ram{\´o}n and Bookhagen, Bodo and McWilliams, Michael O. and Sobel, Edward and Strecker, Manfred}, title = {Dome formation and extension in the Tethyan Himalaya, Leo Pargil, northwest India}, doi = {10.1130/B25872.1}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Metamorphic dome complexes occur within the internal structures of the northern Himalaya and southern Tibet. Their origin, deformation, and fault displacement patterns are poorly constrained. We report new field mapping, structural data, and cooling ages from the western flank of the Leo Pargil dome in the northwestern Himalaya in an attempt to characterize its post-middle Miocene structural development. The western flank of the dome is characterized by shallow, west-dipping pervasive foliation and WNW-ESE mineral lineation. Shear-sense indicators demonstrate that it is affected by east-west normal faulting that facilitated exhumation of high-grade metamorphic rocks in a contractional setting. Sustained top-to-northwest normal faulting during exhumation is observed in a progressive transition from ductile to brittle deformation. Garnet and kyanite indicate that the Leo Pargil dome was exhumed from the mid-crust. Ar- 40/Ar-39 mica and apatite fission track (AFT) ages constrain cooling and exhumation pathways front 350 to 60 degrees C and suggest that the dome cooled in three stages since the middle Miocene. Ar-40/Ar-39 white mica ages of 16-14 Ma suggest a first phase of rapid cooling and provide minimum estimates for the onset of dome exhumation. AFT ages between 10 and 8 Ma suggest that ductile fault displacement had ceased by then, and AFT track-length data from high-elevation samples indicate that the rate of cooling had decreased significantly. We interpret this to indicate decreased fault displacement along the Leo Pargil shear zone and possibly a transition to the Kaurik-Chango normal fault system between 10 and 6 Ma. AFT ages from lower elevations indicate accelerated cooling since the Pliocene that cannot be related to pure fault displacement, and therefore may reflect more pronounced regionally distributed and erosion-driven exhumation}, language = {en} } @article{MillerSchwarz2006, author = {Miller, Jeff and Schwarz, Wolfgang}, title = {Dissociations between reaction times and temporal order judgments : a diffusion model approach}, doi = {10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.394}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A diffusion model for simple reaction time (RT) and temporal order judgment (TOJ) tasks was developed to account for a commonly observed dissociation between these 2 tasks: Most stimulus manipulations (e.g., intensity) have larger effects in RT tasks than in TOJ tasks. The model assumes that a detection criterion determines the level of sensory evidence needed to conclude that a stimulus has been presented. Analysis of the performance that would be achieved with different possible criterion settings revealed that performance was optimal with a lower criterion setting for the TOJ task than for the RT task. In addition, the model predicts that effects of stimulus manipulations should increase with the size of the detection criterion. Thus, the model suggests that commonly observed dissociations between RT and TOJ tasks may simply be due to performance optimization in the face of conflicting task demands}, language = {en} } @article{HennenbergFischerKouadioetal.2006, author = {Hennenberg, K. J. and Fischer, Franka and Kouadio, K and Goetze, D and Orthmann, B and Linsenmair, KE and Jeltsch, Florian and Porembski, Stefan}, title = {Phytornass and fire occurrence along forest-savanna transects in the Comoe National Park, Ivory Coast}, issn = {0266-4674}, doi = {10.1017/S026646705003007}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In tropical West Africa, distribution patterns of forest islands in savannas are influenced by fires which occur regularly in the grass stratum. Along continuous forest-savanna transects in the Comoe National Park, the change in the amount and composition of non-woody phytomass was investigated from savanna to forest interior. This was correlated with the cover of vegetation strata above, soil depth, and the occurrence of seasonal surface fires. Phytomass mainly consisted of leaf litter in the forests (about 400 g m(-2) at the end of the rainy season, and about 600 g m(-2) at the end of the dry season) and of grasses in the savanna (about 900 g m(-2)). Low grass biomass appeared to be primarily the result of suppression by competing woody species and not of shallow soil. The occurrence of early dry-season fires seemed to be determined mainly by the amount of grass biomass as fuel because fires occurred in almost all savanna plots while forest sites remained unaffected. However, late dry-season fires will encounter higher amounts of leaf litter raising fire probability in forests. Due to the importance of the amount of combustible phytomass, fire probability and intensity might increase with annual precipitation in both savanna and forest}, language = {en} } @article{PaascheTronickeHolligeretal.2006, author = {Paasche, Hendrik and Tronicke, Jens and Holliger, Klaus and Green, Alan G. and Maurer, Hansruedi}, title = {Integration of diverse physical-property models : subsurface zonation and petrophysical parameter estimation based on fuzzy c-means cluster analyses}, doi = {10.1190/1.2192927}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Inversions of an individual geophysical data set can be highly nonunique, and it is generally difficult to determine petrophysical parameters from geophysical data. We show that both issues can be addressed by adopting a statistical multiparameter approach that requires the acquisition, processing, and separate inversion of two or more types of geophysical data. To combine information contained in the physical-property models that result from inverting the individual data sets and to estimate the spatial distribution of petrophysical parameters in regions where they are known at only a few locations. we demonstrate the potential of the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering technique. After testing this new approach on synthetic data, we apply it to limited crosshole georadar, crosshole seismic, gamma-log, and slug-test data acquired within a shallow alluvial aquifer. The derived multiparameter model effectively outlines the major sedimentary units observed in numerous boreholes and provides plausible estimates for the spatial distributions of gamma-ray emitters and hydraulic conductivity}, language = {en} } @article{HoldtMuellerKellingetal.2006, author = {Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and M{\"u}ller, Holger and Kelling, Alexandra and Drexler, Hans-Joachim and M{\"u}ller, Thomas and Schwarze, Thomas and Schilde, Uwe and Starke, Ines}, title = {Mercury(II) chloride and iodide complexes of dithia- and tetrathiacrown ethers}, issn = {0044-2313}, doi = {10.1002/zaac.200500281}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The complexes [(HgCl2)(2)((ch)(2)30S(4)O(6))] (1), [HgCl,(mn21S(2)O(5))] (2), [HgCl2(ch18S(2)O(4))] (3) and [HgI(meb12S(2)O(2))](2)[Hg2I6] (4) have been synthesized, characterized and their crystal structures were determined. In [(HgCl2)(2)((ch)(2)3OS(4)O(6))] two HgCl2 units are discretely bonded within the ligand cavity of the 30-membered dichinoxaline-tetrathia-30-crown-10 ((ch)(2)30S(4)O(6)) forming a binuclear complex. HgCl2 forms I : I "in-cavity" complexes with the 21-membered maleonitrile-dithia-21-crown-7(mn21S(2)O(5)) ligand and the 18-membered chinoxaline- dithia-18-crown-6 (ch18S(2)O(4)) ligand, respectively. The 12-membered 4-methyl-benzo-dithia-12-crown-4 (meb12S(2)O(2)) ligand gave with two equivalents HgI2 the compound [HgI(meb12S(2)O(2))](2)[Hg2I6]. In the cation [HgI(meb12S(2)O(2))](+) meb12S(2)O(2) forms with the cation HgI+ a half-sandwich complex}, language = {en} } @article{HerbstFuchsTeubneretal.2006, author = {Herbst, Uta and Fuchs, Iris Judith and Teubner, Wera and Steinberg, Pablo}, title = {Malignant transformation of human colon epithelial cells by benzo[c]phenanthrene dihydrodiolepoxides as well as 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine}, issn = {0041-008X}, doi = {10.1016/j.taap.2005.07.016}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) ingested with food have repeatedly been suggested to be involved in the malignant transformation of colon epithelial cells. In order to test this hypothesis, HCEC cells (SV40 large T antigen-immortalized human colon epithelial cells) were incubated with a racemic mixture of benzo[c]phenanthrene dihydrodiol epoxides (B[c]PhDE), extremely potent carcinogenic PAH metabolites in vivo, or with 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP), the N-hydroxylated metabolite of the most abundant HCA in cooked meat. First, it was shown that HCEC cells express sulfotransferase 1A1, which is needed to metabolize N-OH-PhIP to the corresponding N-sulfonyloxy derivative, the direct precursor molecule of genotoxic nitrenium ions. Thereafter, exponentially growing HCEC cells were exposed five times to 0.1 mu g (0.37 nmol) B[c]PhDE/ml for 30 min or 0.72 mu g (3 mnol) N-OH-PhTP/ml for 24 h. Chemically treated HCEC cells showed an enhanced saturation density and grew faster than the corresponding solvent-treated cell cultures. After five treatment cycles, HCECB[c]PhDE as well as HCECN-OH-PhIP cells lost cell-cell contact inhibition and started piling up and forming foci in the culture flasks. Furthermore, HCECB[c]phDE and HCECN-OH-PhIP cells were injected i.m. into SCID mice. Within 6 weeks after injection, eight animals out of eight injected with HCECB[c]phDE or HCECN-OH-PhIP cells developed tumors at the site of injection, thus demonstrating the high tumorigenic potential of the HCECB[c]PhDE and HCECN-OH-PhIP cell cultures. Taken together, we show for the first time that the abovementioned active PAH metabolites as well as N-OH-PhIP are indeed able to malignantly transform human colon epithelial cells in vitro.}, language = {en} } @article{GarnierLaschewskyStorsberg2006, author = {Garnier, Sebastien and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Storsberg, J}, title = {Polymeric surfactants : novel agents with exceptional properties}, issn = {0932-3414}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This article presents recent progress in the field of polymeric surfactants made of permanently amphiphilic block copolymers or of stimulus-sensitive ones. We highlight key points in the design of amphiphilic macromolecules, to yield polymer surfactants with tailor-made properties, as well as recently developed and still challenging application fields for this new class of surfactants. The efficiency boosting of amphiphilic block copolymers as co-surfactants in microemulsions is discussed, as are surface modification by polymer surfactants, and stabilization of dispersions. Moreover, the use of block copolymers in nanosciences is presented, for instance as a tool for nanomaterial fabrication, or for biomedical and cosmetic applications in bio-nanotechnology. Finally, self-assembly and applications of some newly developed "exotic" amphiphilic block copolymer structures as new surface-active materials will be highlighted}, language = {en} } @article{TellerHalamekMakoweretal.2006, author = {Teller, C. and Halamek, Jan and Makower, Alexander and Fournier, Didier and Schulze, H. and Scheller, Frieder W.}, title = {A piezoelectric sensor with propidium as a recognition element for cholinesterases}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2005.02.053}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A piezoelectric biosensor has been developed on the basis of the reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor propidium. The propidium cation was bound to a 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayer on gold-coated quartz crystals. The immobilization was done via activation of carboxyl groups by 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Different types of cholinesterases (acetyl- and butyryl-ChE) from different origins were tested for their binding ability towards the immobilized propidium. Binding Studies were performed in a flow system, Furthermore, catalytically active and organophosphate-inhibited enzyme were compared re-aiding their binding capability. The binding constants were derived by using an one to one binding model and a refined model also including rebinding effects. It was shown that organophosphorylation of the active site hardly influences the affinity of AChE towards propidium. Furthermore the propidium-based biosensor provides equal sensitivity as compared with piezolelectric sensors with immobilized paraoxon- an active site ligand of AChE. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{StadieRilling2006, author = {Stadie, Nicole and Rilling, Eva}, title = {Evaluation of lexically and nonlexically based reading treatment in a deep dyslexic}, doi = {10.1080/02643290500538364}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The aim of the single case study was to evaluate two different treatment procedures to improve reading skills with a German-speaking deep dyslexic. Generally, in treatment studies for deep dyslexia, retraining of grapheme-phoneme correspondences is described, but hardly any treatment focuses on reactivating residual functions of the semantic- lexical route. This strategy was explored here with an experimentally presented priming paradigm, to implicitly strengthen residual skills of lexical access with semantically/phonologically related primes (lexically based treatment). In contrast, grapheme-phoneme associations and blending were explicitly relearned during a nonlexically based treatment. Stimuli were controlled for part of speech, word length, and frequency. A cross-over design to identify item- and treatment-specific effects for both procedures was applied. Results indicate positive outcomes with respect to treatment-specific effects for both procedures, generalization to untrained items, and a transfer task after the nonlexically based procedure. All effects remained stable in the follow-up assessment. Implications for theoretically/ empirically generated expectations about treatment outcomes are discussed}, language = {en} } @article{FeulnerKirschbaumSchugardtetal.2006, author = {Feulner, Philine G. D. and Kirschbaum, Frank and Schugardt, Christian and Ketmaier, Valerio and Tiedemann, Ralph}, title = {Electrophysiological and molecular genetic evidence for sympatrically occuring cryptic species in African weakly electric fishes (Teleostei : Mormyridae : Campylomormyrus)}, issn = {1055-7903}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.008}, year = {2006}, abstract = {For two sympatric species of African weakly electric fish, Campylomormyrus tamandua and Campylomormyrus numenius, we monitored ontogenetic differentiation in electric organ discharge (EOD) and established a molecular phylogeny, based on 2222 bp from cytochrome b, the S7 ribosomal protein gene, and four flanking regions of unlinked microsatellite loci. In C tamandua, there is one common EOD type, regardless of age and sex, whereas in C numenius we were able to identify three different male adult EOD waveform types, which emerged from a single common EOD observed in juveniles. Two of these EOD types formed well supported clades in our phylogenetic analysis. In an independent line of evidence, we were able to affirm the classification into three groups by microsatellite data. The correct assignment and the high pairwise FST values support our hypothesis that these groups are reproductively isolated. We propose that in C numenius there are cryptic species, hidden behind similar and, at least as juveniles, identical morphs.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhangHayerAlSutietal.2006, author = {Zhang, Ning and Hayer, Anna and Al-Suti, Mohammed K. and Al-Belushi, Rayya A. and Khan, Muhammad S. and K{\"o}hler, Anna}, title = {The effect of delocalization on the exchange energy in meta- and para-linked Pt-containing carbazole polymers and monomers}, doi = {10.1063/1.2200351}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A series of novel platinum-containing carbazole monomers and polymers was synthesized and fully characterized by UV-VIS absorption, luminescence, and photoinduced absorption studies. In these compounds, a carbazole unit is incorporated into the main chain via either a para- or a meta-linkage. We discuss the effects of linkage and polymerization on the energy levels of S-1, T-1, and T-n. The S-1-T-1 splitting observed for the meta-linked monomer (0.4 eV) is only half of that in the para-linked monomer (0.8 eV). Upon polymerization, the exchange energy in the para- linked compound reduces, yet still remains larger than in the meta-linked polymer. We attribute the difference in exchange energy to the difference in wave function overlap between electron and hole in these compounds. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics}, language = {en} } @article{BoccalettiHwangChavezetal.2006, author = {Boccaletti, Stefano and Hwang, Dong-Uk and Chavez, Mario and Amann, Andreas and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Pecora, Louis M.}, title = {Synchronization in dynamical networks : evolution along commutative graphs}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/Physreve.74.016102}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Starting from an initial wiring of connections, we show that the synchronizability of a network can be significantly improved by evolving the graph along a time dependent connectivity matrix. We consider the case of connectivity matrices that commute at all times, and compare several approaches to engineer the corresponding commutative graphs. In particular, we show that synchronization in a dynamical network can be achieved even in the case in which each individual commutative graphs does not give rise to synchronized behavior}, language = {en} } @article{GoldobinPikovskij2006, author = {Goldobin, Denis S. and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Antireliability of noise-driven neurons}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/Physreve.73.061906}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We demonstrate, within the framework of the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, that a firing neuron can respond to a noisy driving in a nonreliable manner: the same Gaussian white noise acting on identical neurons evokes different patterns of spikes. The effect is characterized via calculations of the Lyapunov exponent and the event synchronization correlations. We construct a theory that explains the antireliability as a combined effect of a high sensitivity to noise of some stages of the dynamics and nonisochronicity of oscillations. Geometrically, the antireliability is described by a random noninvertible one-dimensional map}, language = {en} } @article{AnishchenkoNikolaevKurths2006, author = {Anishchenko, Vadim S. and Nikolaev, S and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Winding number locking on a two-dimensional torus : synchronization of quasiperiodic motions}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/Physreve.73.056202}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We propose a new autonomous dynamical system of dimension N=4 that demonstrates the regime of stable two- frequency motions and period-doubling bifurcations of a two-dimensional torus. It is shown that the period-doubling bifurcation of the two-dimensional torus is not followed by the resonance phenomenon, and the two-dimensional ergodic torus undergoes a period-doubling bifurcation. The interaction of two generators is also analyzed. The phenomenon of external and mutual synchronization of two-frequency oscillations is observed, for which winding number locking on a two- dimensional torus takes place}, language = {en} } @article{NolteMeineckeZieheetal.2006, author = {Nolte, Guido and Meinecke, Frank C. and Ziehe, Andreas and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Robert}, title = {Identifying interactions in mixed and noisy complex systems}, doi = {10.1103/Physreve.73.051913}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present a technique that identifies truly interacting subsystems of a complex system from multichannel data if the recordings are an unknown linear and instantaneous mixture of the true sources. The method is valid for arbitrary noise structure. For this, a blind source separation technique is proposed that diagonalizes antisymmetrized cross- correlation or cross-spectral matrices. The resulting decomposition finds truly interacting subsystems blindly and suppresses any spurious interaction stemming from the mixture. The usefulness of this interacting source analysis is demonstrated in simulations and for real electroencephalography data}, language = {en} } @article{RaabWesselSchirdewanetal.2006, author = {Raab, Corinna and Wessel, Niels and Schirdewan, Alexander and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Large-scale dimension densities for heart rate variability analysis}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/Physreve.73.041907}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this work, we reanalyze the heart rate variability (HRV) data from the 2002 Computers in Cardiology (CiC) Challenge using the concept of large-scale dimension densities and additionally apply this technique to data of healthy persons and of patients with cardiac diseases. The large-scale dimension density (LASDID) is estimated from the time series using a normalized Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm, which leads to a suitable correction of systematic errors produced by boundary effects in the rather large scales of a system. This way, it is possible to analyze rather short, nonstationary, and unfiltered data, such as HRV. Moreover, this method allows us to analyze short parts of the data and to look for differences between day and night. The circadian changes in the dimension density enable us to distinguish almost completely between real data and computer-generated data from the CiC 2002 challenge using only one parameter. In the second part we analyzed the data of 15 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), 15 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), 15 elderly healthy subjects (EH), as well as 18 young and healthy persons (YH). With our method we are able to separate completely the AF (rho(mu)(ls)=0.97 +/- 0.02) group from the others and, especially during daytime, the CHF patients show significant differences from the young and elderly healthy volunteers (CHF, 0.65 +/- 0.13; EH, 0.54 +/- 0.05; YH, 0.57 +/- 0.05; p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Moreover, for the CHF patients we find no circadian changes in rho(mu)(ls) (day, 0.65 +/- 0.13; night, 0.66 +/- 0.12; n.s.) in contrast to healthy controls (day, 0.54 +/- 0.05; night, 0.61 +/- 0.05; p=0.002). Correlation analysis showed no statistical significant relation between standard HRV and circadian LASDID, demonstrating a possibly independent application of our method for clinical risk stratification}, language = {en} } @article{HainzlScherbaumBeauval2006, author = {Hainzl, Sebastian and Scherbaum, Frank and Beauval, C{\´e}line}, title = {Estimating background activity based on interevent-time distribution}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120050053}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The statistics of time delays between successive earthquakes has recently been claimed to be universal and to show the existence of clustering beyond the duration of aftershock bursts. We demonstrate that these claims are unjustified. Stochastic simulations with Poissonian background activity and triggered Omori-type aftershock sequences are shown to reproduce the interevent-time distributions observed on different spatial and magnitude scales in California. Thus the empirical distribution can be explained without any additional long-term clustering. Furthermore, we find that the shape of the interevent-time distribution, which can be approximated by the gamma distribution, is determined by the percentage of main-shocks in the catalog. This percentage can be calculated by the mean and variance of the interevent times and varies between 5\% and 90\% for different regions in California. Our investigation of stochastic simulations indicates that the interevent-time distribution provides a nonparametric reconstruction of the mainshock magnitude-frequency distribution that is superior to standard declustering algorithm}, language = {en} } @article{IlnytskyiSaphiannikovaNeher2006, author = {Ilnytskyi, Jaroslav and Saphiannikova, Marina and Neher, Dieter}, title = {Photo-induced deformations in azobenzene-containing side-chain polymers : molecular dynamics study}, issn = {1607-324X}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We perform molecular dynamics simulations of azobenzene containing side-chain liquid crystalline polymer subject to an external model field that mimicks the reorientations of the azobenzenes upon irradiation with polarized light. The smectic phase of the polymer is studied with the field applied parallel to the nematic director, forcing the trans isomers to reorient perpendicularly to the field (the direction of which can be assosiated with the light polarization). The coupling between the reorientation of azobenzenes and mechanical deformation of the sample is found to depend on the field strength. In a weak field the original smectic order is melted gradually with no apparent change in the simulation box shape, whereas in a strong field two regimes are observed. During the first one a rapid melting of the liquid crystalline order is accompanied by the contraction of the polymer along the field direction (the effect similar to the one observed experimentally in azopenzene containing elastomers). During the slower second regime, the smectic layers are rebuilt to accomodate the preferential direction of chromophores perperdicular to the field.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinmuellerPetitjeanLedouxetal.2006, author = {Heinm{\"u}ller, Janine and Petitjean, Patrick and Ledoux, Cedric and Caucci, Sara and Srianand, Raghunathan}, title = {Kinematics and star formation activity in the z(abs)=2.03954 damped Lyman-alpha system towards PKS 0458-020}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:20053910}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present UVES observations of the log N(H I) = 21.7 damped Lyman-alpha system at z(abs) = 2.03954 towards the quasar PKS 0458-020. Hi Lyman-alpha emission is detected in the center of the damped Lyman-alpha absorption trough. Metallicities are derived for Mg II, Si II, P II, Cr II, Mn II, Fe II and Zn II and are found to be -1.21 +/- 0.12, - 1.28 +/- 0.20, -1.54 +/- 0.11, -1.66 +/- 0.10, -2.05 +/- 0.11, -1.87 +/- 0.11, -1.22 +/- 0.10, respectively, relative to solar. The depletion factor is therefore of the order of [Zn/Fe] = 0.65. We observe metal absorption lines to be blueshifted compared to the Lyman-alpha emission up to a maximum of similar to 100 and 200 km s(-1) for low and high- ionization species respectively. This can be interpreted either as the consequence of rotation in a large (similar to 7 kpc) disk or as the imprint of a galactic wind. The star formation rate (SFR) derived from the Lyman-alpha emission, 1.6 M-circle dot yr(-1), is compared with that estimated from the observed C II* absorption. No molecular hydrogen is detected in our data, yielding a molecular fraction log f < -6.52. This absence of H-2 can be explained as the consequence of a high ambient UV flux which is one order of magnitude larger than the radiation field in the ISM of our Galaxy and originates in the observed emitting region}, language = {en} } @article{BleidornPodsiadlowskiBartolomaeus2006, author = {Bleidorn, Christoph and Podsiadlowski, Lars and Bartolomaeus, Thomas}, title = {The complete mitochondrial genome of the orbiniid polychaete Orbinia latreillii (Annelida, Orbiniidae) : a novel gene order for Annelida and implications for annelid phylogeny}, issn = {0378-1119}, doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2005.11.018}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Relationships of annelid subtaxa are controversially discussed and additional markers are necessarily needed to get further insights into their evolution. Due to their high content of information, mitochondrial genomes have been proven very useful in phylogenetic analyses. Whereas many complete mitochondrial genomes of arthropods are available, lophotrochozoan taxa are only scarcely represented and this is especially true for annelids. Here we present the complete mitochondrial genome of the orbiniid polychaete Orbinia latreillii. The circular genome is 15,558 bp in size and contains the same 37 genes as found in most other metazoans. As in the case for all studied annelids all genes are transcribed from the same strand. Compared with the known data from other annelids at least five gene translocations must be hypothesized for O. latreillii. A comparison of the available data shows that gene translocations within Annelida seem to be less frequent than in molluscs, but more frequent as previously assumed. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequence data and amino acid data support an inclusion Of Sipuncula within Annelida and a closer relationship to orbiniids is recovered for this taxon.}, language = {en} } @article{HalamekTellerZeraviketal.2006, author = {Halamek, Jan and Teller, Carsten and Zeravik, Jiri and Fournier, Didier and Makower, Alexander and Scheller, Frieder W.}, title = {Characterization of binding of cholinesterases to surface immobilized ligands}, issn = {0003-2719}, doi = {10.1080/00032710600713107}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We summarize here the development of various piezoelectric biosensors utilizing cholinesterase (ChE) as the recognition element. In our work we studied the interaction between cholinesterase and its ligands (propidium, carnitine, benzylgonine-1,8-diamino-3,4-dioxaoctane (BZE-DADOO) and paraoxon). The sensor modification was based on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of a thiol compound (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid) on the gold electrode and the subsequent covalent coupling of the cholinesterase ligand to this SAM. The ligand-modified piezoelectric sensors were placed in a flow system to allow the on-line monitoring of cholinesterase binding and the enzymatic activity quantification by amperometry. Cholinesterases from different species-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Electrophorus electricus , AChE from Drosophila melanogaster , and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) of human origin-were tested on the various immobilized ligands. Our research allowed the development of a competitive assay for the detection of organophosphates in river water samples using the BZE-DADOO-modified piezosensor. Another direction of research was pointed on the characterization of the interactions between ChE and its ligands. The kinetic binding constants were derived using a one- to-one binding model}, language = {en} } @article{TirokGaedke2006, author = {Tirok, Katrin and Gaedke, Ursula}, title = {Spring weather determines the relative importance of ciliates, rotifers and crustaceans for the initiation of the clear-water phase in a large, deep lake}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Clear-water phase (CWP) is an important event in seasonal plankton succession. We examined the influence of all herbivorous zooplankton on its initiation under different weather and climatic conditions using up to 19 years of observations from the large, deep Lake Constance (Europe) and estimates of relative clearance rates. A CWP occurred regularly, even if daphnid biomass was still very low. CWP was attributed to strong grazing either by a daphnid- dominated zooplankton community or by a diverse assemblage consisting of micro- and meso-zooplankton. Both types of zooplankton communities occurred with approximately the same frequency. The timing of the CWP was unrelated to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) but correlated with the wind-dependent intensity of deep vertical mixing 3 months earlier, during early spring. Less mixing enabled early growth of phytoplankton, ciliates and rotifers despite low temperatures, which prevented daphnid development at this time. This resulted in enhanced grazing of ciliates and rotifers, which increased the importance of phytoplankton less edible for most ciliates, rotifers and daphnids. Ciliates clearly dominated the grazing pressure on phytoplankton throughout spring, maintaining high biomasses together with the phytoplankton for up to 2 months. A CWP was observed when herbivores grazing on larger phytoplankton developed in addition to ciliates}, language = {en} }