@article{CordesKaiserSelbig2006, author = {Cordes, Frank and Kaiser, Rolf and Selbig, Joachim}, title = {Bioinformatics approach to predicting HIV drug resistance}, issn = {1473-7159}, doi = {10.1586/14737159.6.2.207}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The emergence of drug resistance remains one of the most challenging issues in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The extreme replication dynamics of HIV facilitates its escape from the selective pressure exerted by the human immune system and by the applied combination drug therapy. This article reviews computational methods whose combined use can support the design of optimal antiretroviral therapies based on viral genotypic and phenotypic data. Genotypic assays are based on the analysis of mutations associated with reduced drug susceptibility, but are difficult to interpret due to the numerous mutations and mutational patterns that confer drug resistance. Phenotypic resistance or susceptibility can be experimentally evaluated by measuring the inhibition of the viral replication in cell culture assays. However, this procedure is expensive and time consuming}, language = {en} } @article{BrovkinClaussenDriesschaertetal.2006, author = {Brovkin, Victor and Claussen, Martin and Driesschaert, Emmanuelle and Fichefet, Thierry and Kicklighter, David Wesley and Loutre, Marie-France and Matthews, H. Damon and Ramankutty, Navin Delire and Schaeffer, Michiel and Sokolov, Andrei}, title = {Biogeophysical effects of historical land cover changes simulated by six Earth system models of intermediate complexity}, issn = {0930-7575}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-005-0092-6}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Six Earth system models of intermediate complexity that are able to simulate interaction between atmosphere, ocean, and land surface, were forced with a scenario of land cover changes during the last millennium. In response to historical deforestation of about 18 million sq km, the models simulate a decrease in global mean annual temperature in the range of 0.13-0.25 degrees C. The rate of this cooling accelerated during the 19th century, reached a maximum in the first half of the 20th century, and declined at the end of the 20th century. This trend is explained by temporal and spatial dynamics of land cover changes, as the effect of deforestation on temperature is less pronounced for tropical than for temperate regions, and reforestation in the northern temperate areas during the second part of the 20th century partly offset the cooling trend. In most of the models, land cover changes lead to a decline in annual land evapotranspiration, while seasonal changes are rather equivocal because of spatial shifts in convergence zones. In the future, reforestation might be chosen as an option for the enhancement of terrestrial carbon sequestration. Our study indicates that biogeophysical mechanisms need to be accounted for in the assessment of land management options for climate change mitigation}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Vakeel2006, author = {Vakeel, Padmanabhan}, title = {Biochemical and cellular characterization of filamin binding proteins in cross striated muscle}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {XV, 156 Bl. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{HoernigOberauerWeidenfeld2006, author = {Hoernig, Robin and Oberauer, Klaus and Weidenfeld, Andrea}, title = {Between reasoning}, series = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology}, volume = {59}, journal = {The quarterly journal of experimental psychology}, number = {10}, publisher = {SAGE Publishing}, address = {Thousand Oaks, CA}, issn = {1747-0218}, doi = {10.1080/17470210500416151}, pages = {1805 -- 1825}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In two experiments we investigated three-term reasoning with spatial relational assertions using the preposition between as compared to projective prepositions (such as to the left of). For each kind of assertion we distinguish the referent expression (i.e., the grammatical subject) from the relatum expression (i.e., the internal argument of the preposition; e.g., [The hedgehog](referent)_(expression) is to the left of [the frog](relatum)_(expression); [the snake](referent)_(expression) is between [the donkey and the deer](relatum)_(expression)). Previous research has shown that integrating premises with projective prepositions is easier (a) when the relatum expression of the second premise denotes an element already given by the first premise (relatum = given), and (b) when the term denoting a given element precedes the term denoting a new element (given - new). Experiment 1 extended this finding to second premises with the preposition between. In Experiment 2, between figured in the first premise. In this case, participants built an initial preferred model already from the first premise, although such a premise is indeterminate with respect to the array that it describes. Since there is no need left for integrating the second premise, this premise is instead used to verify the initial model and to modify it when necessary. A further investigation of conclusion evaluation times showed that conclusions were evaluated faster when they first mentioned the element that was included most recently into the mental model of the premises. The use of premises with between permitted the separation of recency of model inclusion from recency of appearance of an element in a premise.}, language = {en} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Bello, Andr{\´e}s (1781-1865)}, series = {Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics}, journal = {Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics}, editor = {Brown, Keith}, edition = {2nd ed.}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Burlington}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{GrabskiStede2006, author = {Grabski, Michael and Stede, Manfred}, title = {Bei : intraclausal coherence relations illustrated with a German preposition}, issn = {0163-853X}, doi = {10.1207/s15326950dp4102_5}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Coherence relations are typically taken to link two clauses or larger units and to be signaled at the text surface by conjunctions and certain adverbials. Relations, however, also can hold within clauses, indicated by prepositions like despite, due to, or in case of, when these have an internal argument denoting an eventuality. Although these prepositions act as reliable cues to indicate a specific relation, others are lexically more neutral. We investigated this situation for the German preposition bei, which turns out to be highly ambiguous. We demonstrate the range of readings in a corpus study, proposing 6 more specific prepositions as a comprehensive substitution set. All these uses of bei share a common kernel meaning, which is missed by the standard accounts that assume lexical polysemy. We examine the range of coherence relations that can be signaled by bei and provide some factors here supporting the disambiguation task in a framework of discourse interpretation}, language = {en} } @article{WronskiApioWankeretal.2006, author = {Wronski, Torsten and Apio, Ann and Wanker, R and Plath, Martin}, title = {Behavioural repertoire of the bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus): agonistic interactions, mating behaviour and parent-offspring relations}, doi = {10.1007/s10164-005-0186-y}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A free-ranging bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) population was observed over a period of 3 years, thereby enabling a detailed description of the behavioural repertoire of this widespread but barely investigated solitary African antelope species. Agonistic and submissive behaviour patterns are described, among them several hitherto un- described behaviour patterns - such as "escorting", where territorial males guide intruders to the periphery of their territory - and "push-up position", an extreme form of submissive behaviour. Furthermore, we report on behaviour patterns of males and females during mating as well as on behaviour patterns of parents directed towards their offspring. Again, we describe a hitherto unknown behaviour: the protection of calves by adult males, which may be a socio-positive behaviour directed towards their offspring led by kin selection}, language = {en} } @article{RossmanithGrimmBlaumetal.2006, author = {Rossmanith, Eva and Grimm, Volker and Blaum, Niels and Jeltsch, Florian}, title = {Behavioural flexibility in the mating system buffers population extinction: lessons from the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (Picoides minor)}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01074.x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In most stochastic models addressing the persistence of small populations, environmental noise is included by imposing a synchronized effect of the environment on all individuals. However, buffer mechanisms are likely to exist that may counteract this synchronization to some degree. We have studied whether the flexibility in the mating system, which has been observed in some bird species, is a potential mechanism counteracting the synchronization of environmental fluctuations. Our study organism is the lesser spotted woodpecker Picoides minor (Linnaeus), a generally monogamous species. However, facultative polyandry, where one female mates with two males with separate nests, was observed in years with male-biased sex ratio. We constructed an individual-based model from data and observations of a population in Taunus, Germany. We tested the impact of three behavioural scenarios on population persistence: (1) strict monogamy; (2) polyandry without costs; and (3) polyandry assuming costs in terms of lower survival and reproductive success for secondary males. We assumed that polyandry occurs only in years with male-biased sex ratio and only for females with favourable breeding conditions. Even low rates of polyandry had a strong positive effect on population persistence. The increase of persistence with carrying capacity was slower in the monogamous scenario, indicating strong environmental noise. In the polyandrous scenarios, the increase of persistence was stronger, indicating a buffer mechanism. In the polyandrous scenarios, populations had a higher mean population size, a lower variation in number of individuals, and recovered faster after a population breakdown. Presuming a realistic polyandry rate and costs for polyandry, there was still a strong effect of polyandry on persistence. The results show that polyandry and in general flexibility in mating systems is a buffer mechanism that can significantly reduce the impact of environmental and demographic noise in small populations. Consequently, we suggest that even behaviour that seems to be exceptional should be considered explicitly when predicting the persistence of populations}, language = {en} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Beauz{\´e}e, Nicolas (1717-1789)}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{KoetzAndresKosmellaetal.2006, author = {Koetz, Joachim and Andres, S. and Kosmella, Sabine and Tiersch, Brigitte}, title = {BaSO4 nanorods produced in polymer-modified bicontinuous microemulsions}, issn = {0927-6440}, doi = {10.1163/156855406777408629}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The influence of the water soluble polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on structure formation in the quasiternary system sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)/pentanol-xylene/water was checked by means of conductometry, rheology, and micro differential calorimetry. The polymer induces the formation of an isotropic phase channel between the o/w and w/o microemulsion. The transition from the normal as well as from the inverse micellar to the bicontinuous phase range can be detected by conductometry, rheology as well as micro-DSC. As a result of polymer-surfactant interactions, the spontaneous curvature of the surfactant film is changed and a sponge phase is formed. The bicontinuous phase is characterized by a moderate shear viscosity, a Newtonian flow behaviour, and the disappearence of interphasal water in the heating curve of the micro-DSC. When the polymer-modified bicontinuous phase is used as a template phase for the nanoparticle formation, spherical BaSO4 nanoparticles were formed. During the following solvent evaporation process the primarily formed spherical nanoparticles aggregate to nanorods and triangular structures due to the non-restriction of the bicontinuous template phase in longitudinal direction}, language = {en} } @article{EwaldIgelHinzenetal.2006, author = {Ewald, Michael and Igel, Heiner and Hinzen, Klaus-G{\"u}nther and Scherbaum, Frank}, title = {Basin-related effects on ground motion for earthquake scenarios in the Lower Rhine Embayment}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02909.x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The deterministic calculation of earthquake scenarios using complete waveform modelling plays an increasingly important role in estimating shaking hazard in seismically active regions. Here we apply 3-D numerical modelling of seismic wave propagation to M 6+ earthquake scenarios in the area of the Lower Rhine Embayment, one of the seismically most active regions in central Europe. Using a 3-D basin model derived from geology, borehole information and seismic experiments, we aim at demonstrating the strong dependence of ground shaking on hypocentre location and basin structure. The simulations are carried out up to frequencies of ca. 1 Hz. As expected, the basin structure leads to strong lateral variations in peak ground motion, amplification and shaking duration. Depending on source-basin-receiver geometry, the effects correlate with basin depth and the slope of the basin flanks; yet, the basin also affects peak ground motion and estimated shaking hazard thereof outside the basin. Comparison with measured seismograms for one of the earthquakes shows that some of the main characteristics of the wave motion are reproduced. Cumulating the derived seismic intensities from the three modelled earthquake scenarios leads to a predominantly basin correlated intensity distribution for our study area}, language = {en} } @book{BlumensteinVanRensburgKruegeretal.2006, author = {Blumenstein, Oswald and Van Rensburg, L. and Kr{\"u}ger, Wolfgang and Schachtzabel, Hartmut}, title = {Basics for modelling of heavy metal dynamics in tailing dam systems}, series = {Stoffdynamik in Geosystemen}, volume = {11}, journal = {Stoffdynamik in Geosystemen}, publisher = {Selbstverl. der Arbeitsgruppe Stoffdynamik in Geosystemen}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {0949-4731}, pages = {109 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{StraubeLyubimovShklyaev2006, author = {Straube, Arthur V. and Lyubimov, Dmitry V. and Shklyaev, Sergey V.}, title = {Averaged dynamics of two-phase media in a vibration field}, doi = {10.1063/1.2204057}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The averaged dynamics of various two-phase systems in a high-frequency vibration field is studied theoretically. The continuum approach is applied to describe such systems as solid particle suspensions, emulsions, bubbly fluids, when the volume concentration of the disperse phase is small and gravity is insignificant. The dynamics of the disperse system is considered by means of the method of averaging, when the fast pulsation and slow averaged motion can be treated separately. Two averaged models for both nondeformable and deformable particles, when the compressibility of the disperse phase becomes important, are obtained. A criterion when the compressibility of bubbles cannot be neglected is figured out. For both cases the developed models are applied to study the averaged dynamics of the disperse media in an infinite plane layer under the action of transversal vibration. (C) 2006 American Institute of Physics}, language = {en} } @article{FengNiElgeetal.2006, author = {Feng, Xiao-Li and Ni, Wei-Min and Elge, Stephan and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Xu, Zhi-Hong and Xue, Hong-Wei}, title = {Auxin flow in anther filaments is critical for pollen grain development through regulating pollen mitosis}, issn = {0167-4412}, doi = {10.1007/s11103-006-0005-z}, year = {2006}, abstract = {It was well known that auxin is critical for anther/pollen grain development, however, the clear distribution and detailed effects of auxin during floral development are still unclear. We have shown here that, through analyzing GUS activities of Arabidopsis lines harboring auxin response elements DR5-GUS, auxin was mainly accumulated in the anther during flower stages 10-12. Further studies employing the indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase (iaaL) coding gene from Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi under control of the promoter region of Arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol monophosphate 5-kinase 1 gene, which conducts the anther filament-specific expression, showed that block of auxin flow of filaments resulted in shortened filaments and significantly defective pollen grains. Similar phenotype was observed in tobacco plants transformed with the same construct, confirming the effects of auxin flow in filaments on anther development. Detailed studies further revealed that the meiosis process of pollen grain was normal while the mitosis at later stage was significantly defected, indicating the effects of auxin flow in filaments on pollen grain mitosis process. Analysis employing [C-14]IAA, as well as the observation on the expression of AtPIN1, coding for auxin efflux carrier, demonstrated the presence of polar auxin transport in anther filaments and pollen grains}, language = {en} } @article{FudickarVomdranLinker2006, author = {Fudickar, Werner and Vomdran, Katja and Linker, Torsten}, title = {Auxiliary controlled singlet-oxygen ene reactions of cyclohexenes}, series = {Tetrahedron}, volume = {62}, journal = {Tetrahedron}, number = {46}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0040-4020}, doi = {10.1016/j.tet.2006.07.104}, pages = {10639 -- 10646}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The photooxygenation of homochiral cyclohexene ketals, which are easily available from 2-cyclohexenone and L-tartrates, affords hydroperoxides and after reduction the corresponding allylic alcohols in good yields and high regioselectivities. This can be rationalized by electronic repulsions in a perepoxide intermediate and provides evidence for unfavorable 1,3 diaxial interactions with a dioxolane oxygen atom. Only low stereoselectivities were observed, due to the flexibility of the cyclohexene ring. However, the diastereomers could be separated and after cleavage of the auxiliary, 4-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one was isolated in enantiomerically pure form, which can serve as a building block for natural product synthesis.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Li2006, author = {Li, Xianhua}, title = {Arithmetic properties and the characterization of finite groups}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {X, 186 S. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{VasishthLewis2006, author = {Vasishth, Shravan and Lewis, Richard L.}, title = {Argument-head distance and processing complexity: Explaining both locality and antilocality effects}, series = {Language : journal of the Linguistic Society of America}, volume = {82}, journal = {Language : journal of the Linguistic Society of America}, number = {4}, publisher = {Linguistic Society of America}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0097-8507}, doi = {10.1353/lan.2006.0236}, pages = {767 -- 794}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Although proximity between arguments and verbs (locality) is a relatively robust determinant of sentence-processing difficulty (Hawkins 1998, 2001, Gibson 2000), increasing argument-verb distance can also facilitate processing (Konieczny 2000). We present two self-paced reading (SPR) experiments involving Hindi that provide further evidence of antilocality, and a third SPR experiment which suggests that similarity-based interference can attenuate this distance-based facilitation. A unified explanation of interference, locality, and antilocality effects is proposed via an independently motivated theory of activation decay and retrieval interference (Anderson et al. 2004).*}, language = {en} } @article{Kunow2006, author = {Kunow, R{\"u}diger}, title = {Architect of the Cosmopolitan Dream : Salman Rushdie}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{GarciaSteinigerReichetal.2006, author = {Garcia, A. L. and Steiniger, J. and Reich, S. C. and Weickert, M. O. and Harsch, I. and Machowetz, A. and Mohlig, M. and Spranger, Joachim and Rudovich, N. N. and Meuser, F. and Doerfer, J. and Katz, N. and Speth, M. and Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz and Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. and Koebnick, Corinna}, title = {Arabinoxylan fibre consumption improved glucose metabolism, but did not affect serum adipokines in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance}, series = {Hormone and metabolic research}, volume = {38}, journal = {Hormone and metabolic research}, number = {2}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0018-5043}, doi = {10.1055/s-2006-955089}, pages = {761 -- 766}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The consumption of arabinoxylan, a soluble fibre fraction, has been shown to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects. Soluble dietary fibre may modulate gastrointestinal or adipose tissue hormones regulating food intake. The present study investigated the effects of arabinoxylan consumption on serum glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, adiponectin and resistin in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. In a randomized, single-blind, controlled, crossover intervention trial, 11 adults consumed white bread rolls as either placebo or supplemented with 15g arabinoxylan for 6 weeks with a 6-week washout period. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, unesterified fatty acids, apolipoprotein A1 and B, adiponectin, resistin and leptin were assessed before and after intervention. Fasting serum glucose, serum triglycerides and apolipoprotein A-1 were significantly lower during arabinoxylan consumption compared to placebo (p = 0.029, p = 0.047; p = 0.029, respectively). No effects of arabinoxylan were observed for insulin, adiponectin, leptin and resistin as well as for apolipoprotein B, and unesterified fatty acids. In conclusion, the consumption of AX in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance improved fasting serum glucose, and triglycerides. However, this beneficial effect was not accompanied by changes in fasting adipokine concentrations.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-12054, title = {ArabAmericas : literary Entanglements of the American hemisphere and the Arab world}, series = {Bibliotheca ibero-americana}, volume = {110}, journal = {Bibliotheca ibero-americana}, editor = {Ette, Ottmar and Pannewick, Friederike}, publisher = {Iberoamericana; Vervuert}, address = {Madrid; Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {3-86527-289-4}, pages = {288 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{AngerGebserSchaub2006, author = {Anger, Christian and Gebser, Martin and Schaub, Torsten H.}, title = {Approaching the core of unfounded sets}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @book{GronauFroemingSchmid2006, author = {Gronau, Norbert and Fr{\"o}ming, Jane and Schmid, Simone}, title = {Application of knowledge management methods for the improvement of education and training needs}, address = {Harbin}, pages = {10 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{GoldobinPikovskij2006, author = {Goldobin, Denis S. and Pikovskij, Arkadij}, title = {Antireliability of noise-driven neurons}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/Physreve.73.061906}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We demonstrate, within the framework of the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, that a firing neuron can respond to a noisy driving in a nonreliable manner: the same Gaussian white noise acting on identical neurons evokes different patterns of spikes. The effect is characterized via calculations of the Lyapunov exponent and the event synchronization correlations. We construct a theory that explains the antireliability as a combined effect of a high sensitivity to noise of some stages of the dynamics and nonisochronicity of oscillations. Geometrically, the antireliability is described by a random noninvertible one-dimensional map}, language = {en} } @article{AndayiYenesewDereseetal.2006, author = {Andayi, Andrew W. and Yenesew, Abiy and Derese, Solomon and Midiwo, Jacob O. and Gitu, Peter M. and Jondiko, Ogoche J. I. and Akala, Hoseah M. and Liyala, Pamela and Wangui, Julia and Waters, Norman C. and Heydenreich, Matthias and Peter, Martin G.}, title = {Antiplasmodial flavonoids from Erythrina sacleuxii}, issn = {0032-0943}, doi = {10.1055/s-2005-873200}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The acetone extracts of the root bark and stem bark of Erythrina sacleuxii showed antiplasmodial activities against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Chromatographic separation of the acetone extract of the root bark afforded a new isoflavone, 7-hydroxy-4 -methoxy-3'- prenylisoflavone (trivial name 5-deoxy-3' - prenylbiochanin A) along with known isoflavonoids as the antiplasmodial principles. Flavonoids and isoflavonoids isolated from the stem bark of E. sucleuxii were also tested and showed antiplasmodial activities. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence}, language = {en} } @article{RuferKulling2006, author = {Rufer, CE and Kulling, Sabine E.}, title = {Antioxidant activity of isoflavones and their major metabolites using different in vitro assays}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Isoflavone phytoestrogens found mainly in soybeans and clover are widely studied phytochemicals. Genistein and daidzein, the major isoflavones found in soy, have received the most attention. However, they undergo extensive metabolism in the intestine and the liver, which might affect their biological properties, e.g. their antioxidant capacities. Furthermore, the biological activities of other naturally occurring isoflavones, for instance, glycitein from soy or biochanin A from red clover, have not yet been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of six naturally occurring isoflavones and their corresponding oxidative and bacterial metabolites. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay as well as the in vitro oxidation of low density lipoproteins with the conjugated diene and the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances formation as end points were used. The oxidative metabolites of genistein and daidzein as well as equol exhibited the highest antioxidant activities in all three assays. With few exceptions, they were more effective than the positive controls quercetin and ascorbic acid. Formononetin, the 4'-O-methyl ether of daidzein, showed the lowest antioxidant property. Because the antioxidant efficacy of isoflavones as effective antioxidants is evident at concentrations well within the range found in the plasma of subjects consuming soy products, this biological activity could be of physiological relevance}, language = {en} } @book{Paneah2006, author = {Paneah, Boris}, title = {Another approach to the stability of linear functional operators}, series = {Preprint / Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Institut f{\"u}r Mathematik, Arbeitsgruppe Partiell}, journal = {Preprint / Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Institut f{\"u}r Mathematik, Arbeitsgruppe Partiell}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1437-739X}, pages = {9 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{KappeMenzelOstermeyer2006, author = {Kappe, Philip and Menzel, Ralf and Ostermeyer, Martin}, title = {Analysis of the temporal and spectral output properties of a mode-locked and Q-switched laser oscillator with a nonlinear mirror based on stimulated Brillouin scattering}, issn = {1050-2947}, doi = {10.1103/Physreva.74.013809}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The emission dynamics of a mode-locked laser oscillator with a nonlinear mirror based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has been investigated with regard to its spectrum and to its intensity distribution. The investigation was carried out experimentally as well as by numerical simulations. The laser yields trains of pulses with measured durations of 410 ps and energies of the single pulse of up to 2 mJ. Two theoretical models describing the complex emission dynamics of a mode-locked SBS-laser oscillator are introduced. The first model consists of spectrally resolved laser rate equations and thus describes the mode locking in the frequency domain by the superposition of the longitudinal resonator modes. The SBS-Q-switch is incorporated by a phenomenological description of the time dependent SBS reflectivity. Numerical simulations based on this model yield the evolution of a few 100 longitudinal laser modes and the corresponding intensity distribution during the course of a Q-switch pulse with 10-ps resolution. The influences of the different components on the spectrum and thus on the pulse duration will be discussed. The second model describes all occurring dynamics in the time domain providing easy access to the study of misalignment on the output dynamics. Results of numerical simulations of both models and measurement results are compared}, language = {en} } @article{RheinbergTramp2006, author = {Rheinberg, Falko and Tramp, N}, title = {Analysis of the incentive for intensive leisue-time use of computers}, year = {2006}, abstract = {What makes computer users spend their free time working with the computer? Are there different types of users and, if so, in what ways do they differ? N = 271 subjects took part in an online survey concerning the incentives for computer use in free time. Selected mailing lists were used to identify highly committed users (A4 3.9 hours of free time a day spent working with computers). The following incentive factors were found for these users: community/ affiliation; sense of competence; flexibility/utility; avoidance of boredom; rebellious tendency to illegality. Depending on their favorite use of the computer, three types of users were found: Purposeful users (58\%), hackers (entering other networks without intention to cause damage) (22\%), and crackers (entering other networks with intention to cause damage) (20\%). There are significant differences in the incentive profiles of these types of users. Hacking and cracking, but not purposeful use, are correlated with flow experience and positive activation. These findings are not representative for all leisure time computer users. They refer to a sample of highly committed users who can be reached in special associations (e.g., relevant student networks, the Chaos Computer Club)}, language = {en} } @article{SchroederSeppelt2006, author = {Schr{\"o}der, Boris and Seppelt, Ralf}, title = {Analysis of pattern-process interactions based on landscape models - Overview, general concepts, and methodological issues}, series = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, volume = {199}, journal = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-3800}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.036}, pages = {505 -- 516}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Pattern-process analysis is one of the main threads in landscape ecological research. It aims at understanding the complex relationships between ecological processes and landscape patterns, identifying the underlying mechanisms and deriving valid predictions for scenarios of landscape change and its consequences. Today, various studies cope with these tasks through so called "landscape modelling" approaches. They integrate different aspects of heterogeneous and dynamic landscapes and model different driving forces, often using both statistical and process-oriented techniques. We identify two main approaches to deal with the analysis of pattern-process interactions: the first starts with pattern detection, pattern description and pattern analysis, the second with process description, simulation and pattern generation. Focussing on the interplay between these two approaches, landscape analysis and landscape modelling will improve our understanding of pattern-process interactions. The comparison of simulated and observed pattern is a prerequisite for both approaches. Therefore, we identify a set of quantitative, robust, and reproducible methods for the analysis of spatiotemporal patterns that is a starting point for a standard toolbox for ecologists as major future challenge and suggest necessary further methodological developments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{MikhailyukKnoxPaschenkoetal.2006, author = {Mikhailyuk, Igor K. and Knox, Peter P. and Paschenko, Vladimir Z. and Razjivin, Andrej P. and Lokstein, Heiko}, title = {Analysis of absorption spectra of purple bacterial reaction centers in the near infrared region by higher order derivative spectroscopy}, doi = {10.1016/j.bpc.2006.02.002}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Reaction centers (RCs) of purple bacteria are uniquely suited objects to study the mechanisms of the photosynthetic conversion of light energy into chemical energy. A recently introduced method of higher order derivative spectroscopy [I.K. Mikhailyuk, H. Lokstein, A.P. Razjivin, A method of spectral subband decomposition by simultaneous fitting the initial spectrum and a set of its derivatives, J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 63 (2005) 10-23] was used to analyze the NIR absorption spectra of RC preparations from Rhodobacter (R.) sphaeroides strain 2R and Blastochloris (B.) viridis strain KH, containing bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a and b, respectively. Q(y) bands of individual RC porphyrin components (BChls and bacteriopheophytins, BPheo) were identified. The results indicate that the upper exciton level Py+ of the photo-active BChl dimer in RCs of R. sphaeroides has an absorption maximum of 810nm. The blue shift of a complex integral band at approximately 800nm upon oxidation of the RC is caused primarily by bleaching of Py+, rather than by an electrochromic shift of the absorption band(s) of the monomeric BChls. Likewise, the disappearance of a band peaking at 842 nm upon oxidation of RCs from B. viridis indicates that this band has to be assigned to Py+, A blue shift of an absorption band at approximately 830nm upon oxidation of RCs of B. viridis is also essentially caused by the disappearance of Py+, rather than by an electrochromic shift of the absorption bands of monomeric BChls. Absorption maxima of the monomeric BCHls, B-B and B-A are at 802 and 797nm, respectively, in RCs of R. sphaeroides at room temperature. BPheo co-factors H-B and HA peak at 748 and 758 nm, respectively, at room temperature. For B. viridis RCs the spectral positions of HB and HA were found to be 796 and 816nm, respectively, at room temperature.}, language = {en} } @article{BestSchroederHerbert2006, author = {Best, Wendy and Schr{\"o}der, Astrid and Herbert, Ruth}, title = {An investigation of a relative impairment in naming non-living items : theoretical and methodological implications}, issn = {0911-6044}, doi = {10.1016/j.jneuroling.2005.09.001}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This paper presents a study of PH, a woman with aphasia, who shows a robust impairment in naming pictures of non-living relative to living things. Un-timed investigations of feature knowledge show similar performance across categories suggesting that, as in previous studies, the category effect may be arising at a post-semantic level. However, her performance on a timed feature verification task was slower for non-living than living things (relative to matched controls), in line with her naming. This suggests that the source of PH's category deficit is in fact semantic and that thorough investigation is necessary before claiming a post-semantic category specific deficit in word production. Finally, the results of an intervention study, which apparently eliminated the effect of semantic category on PH's naming, are reported.}, language = {en} } @article{DelgrandeSchaubTompits2006, author = {Delgrande, James Patrick and Schaub, Torsten H. and Tompits, Hans}, title = {An Extended Query language for action languages (and its application to aggregates and preferences)}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{CliftonFanselowFrazier2006, author = {Clifton, Charles and Fanselow, Gisbert and Frazier, Lyn}, title = {Amnestying superiority violations : processing multiple questions}, issn = {0024-3892}, doi = {10.1162/002438906775321139}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Two experiments investigated the acceptability of multiple questions. As expected, sentences violating the Superiority Condition were accepted less often than sentences obeying it. The status of the Superiority violations was not improved by the addition of a third wh, regardless of whether the third wh was an adjunct or an argument, though it was improved by the addition of a second question (e.g., and when). Further, in a small pilot study directly comparing a sentence with adjacent final wh-phrases that may induce a stress clash (I'd like to know who hid it where when) with a sentence violating Superiority but avoiding the final adjacent wh-phrases (I'd like to know where who hid it when), half the participants indicated that the Superiority violation sentence sounded better. This suggests that the status of some additional-wh sentences may appear to improve simply because the comparison sentence with adjacent final wh-phrases is degraded. Overall, the results of the studies suggest that there is no need to complicate syntactic theory to account for the additional-wh effect, because there is no general additional-wh effect}, language = {en} } @article{NasdalaWildnerWirthetal.2006, author = {Nasdala, Lutz and Wildner, Manfred and Wirth, Richard and Groschopf, Nora and Pal, Dipak C. and M{\"o}ller, Andreas}, title = {Alpha particle haloes in chlorite and cordierite}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Effects of the impact of natural long-term irradiation with alpha particles in one chamosite and one cordierite sample were characterised in detail using electron microprobe, Raman microprobe, optical absorption spectroscopy (cordierite only), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM; cordierite only) analysis. In both cases, the impact of He- 4 cores (alpha particles) that were emitted from actinide-bearing mineral inclusions has caused the formation of radiation damage haloes in the host mineral. These haloes have maximum radii of about 33 mu m (chamosite) and 47 mu m (cordierite). They show notably changed optical properties, i.e., intensified absorption of light as recognised by brown (chamosite) and yellow (cordierite) pleochroism and enhanced or even anomalous interference colours. In spite of the significant disturbance of their short range order, alpha particle haloes are characterised by generally low degrees of structural radiation damage. This is indicated by rather moderate broadening of vibrational bands and, in the case of cordierite, apparently undisturbed electron diffraction patterns in the TEM. Intensive damage, virtually close to an amorphous state, was only found in cordierite up to a few tens of nanometres away from actinide-bearing inclusions. This damage is mainly assigned to recoils of heavy nuclei upon emission of an alpha particle, which have particle trajectory lengths that are three orders of magnitude shorter than those of the alpha particles. Similar to observations on biotite, alpha particle haloes in chamosite and cordierite as observed in the optical microscope may be considered as representative of a very early stage of the metamictisation process}, language = {en} } @article{Kupke2006, author = {Kupke, S{\"o}ren}, title = {Alliancing as a dynamic capability : outlining a research field}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{Eckstein2006, author = {Eckstein, Lars}, title = {Alder, E., Hauck, D., Music and Literature: Music in the Works of Anthony Burgess and E.M. Forster - An Interdisciplinary Study; T{\"u}bingen, Francke, 2005}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {Alarcos Llorach, Emilio (1922-1998)}, isbn = {0-08-044299-4}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{WattebledLaschewskyMoussaetal.2006, author = {Wattebled, Laurent and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Moussa, Alain and Habib-Jiwan, Jean-Louis}, title = {Aggregation numbers of cationic oligomeric surfactants : A time-resolved fluorescence quenching study}, doi = {10.1021/La052414h}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The micelle aggregation numbers (N-agg) of several series of cationic oligomeric surfactants were determined by time-resolved fluorescence quenching (TRFQ) experiments, using advantageously 9,10-dimethylanthracene as fluorophore. The study comprises six dimeric ("gemini"), three trimeric, and two tetrameric surfactants, which are quaternary ammonium chlorides, with medium length spacer groups (C-3-C-6) separating the individual surfactant fragments. Two standard cationic surfactants served as references. The number of hydrophobic chains making up a micellar core is relatively low for the oligomeric surfactants, the spacer length playing an important role. For the dimers, the number decreases from 32 to 21 with increasing spacer length. These numbers decrease further with increasing degree of oligomerization down to values of about 15. As for many conventional ionic surfactants, the micelles of all oligomers studied grow only slightly with the concentration, and they remain in the regime of small micelles up to concentrations of at least 3 wt \%.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hetzer2006, author = {Hetzer, Dirk}, title = {Adaptive Quality of Service based Bandwidth Planning in Internet}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {190 S. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{WronskiApioPlath2006, author = {Wronski, Torsten and Apio, Ann and Plath, Martin}, title = {Activity patterns of bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) in Queen Elizabeth National Park}, series = {Behavioural processes}, volume = {73}, journal = {Behavioural processes}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0376-6357}, doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2006.08.003}, pages = {333 -- 341}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Activity patterns and time budgets of bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) were studied in a free-ranging population in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda from August 2000 to January 2002. We investigated differences in activity patterns in relation to daytime, season, sun radiation, moonlight, age and sex. Bushbuck were found to show peak activities around sunrise and at dawn. No difference in the mean activity rates was found between the dry and wet season. Daytime activity was not predicted by differences in sun radiation, nor was nighttime activity predicted by the presence or absence of moonlight. We found the activity of adult territorial males to be strongly positively correlated with that of females, whereas the activity of young-adult non-territorial males was not significantly correlated with the activity of females. This suggests that young-adult males shift their peak activity to phases when adult territorial males are less active.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-11818, title = {Accessible Media : Pre-Proceedings of a Workshop Potsdam 8-9 May, 2006}, series = {Preprint / Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Institut f{\"u}r Informatik}, volume = {2006, 7}, journal = {Preprint / Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Institut f{\"u}r Informatik}, editor = {J{\"u}rgensen, Helmut}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {0946-7580}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{HlinakMuehleWerneretal.2006, author = {Hlinak, Andreas and M{\"u}hle, Ralf-Udo and Werner, Ortrud and Globig, Anja and Starick, Elke and Schirrmeier, Horst and Hoffmann, Bernd and Engelhardt, Andreas and H{\"u}bner, Dagmar and Conraths, Franz J. and Wallschl{\"a}ger, Hans-Dieter and Kruckenberg, Helmut and M{\"u}ller, Thomas}, title = {A virological survey in migrating waders and other waterfowl in one of the most important resting sites of Germany}, issn = {0931-1793}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Wild birds are considered a potential reservoir or a carrier of viral diseases and may therefore play a role in the epidemiology of economically important or zoonotic diseases. In 2001 and 2002, a survey with special emphasis oil virus isolation in migrating waders and some other birds were conducted. In one of the most important inland resting sites for migratory waterfowl, tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected from 465 waders representing 19 different species, and 165 other birds that were not captured on purpose. A total of 42 avian viruses were isolated, 34 of these were identified as paramyxoviruses (PMVs). The majority of isolates came from waders and wild ducks, and were characterized as PMV-1. In contrast, PMV-4 was found in wild ducks only, PMV-6 was mainly detected in wader species. Four avian influenza viruses (ATVs), belonging to H4 and H3 haemagglutinin subtype, were isolated from wild duck species. Furthermore, four reo-like viruses were isolated from one particular wader species for the first time. The majority of virus positive birds were < 1 year old and did not show any clinical symptoms. There was no evidence for the presence of West Nile virus in these birds. These results confirm that the restricted resting sites in Western Europe must be considered as important locations for the intra- and interspecies transmission of avian viruses}, language = {en} } @article{FettkeChiaEckermannetal.2006, author = {Fettke, J{\"o}rg and Chia, Tansy and Eckermann, Nora and Smith, Alison M. and Steup, Martin}, title = {A transglucosidase necessary for starch degradation and maltose metabolism in leaves at night acts on cytosolic heteroglycans (SHG)}, issn = {0960-7412}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02732.x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The recently characterized cytosolic transglucosidase DPE2 (EC 2.4.1.25) is essential for the cytosolic metabolism of maltose, an intermediate on the pathway by which starch is converted to sucrose at night. In in vitro assays, the enzyme utilizes glycogen as a glucosyl acceptor but the in vivo acceptor molecules remained unknown. In this communication we present evidence that DPE2 acts on the recently identified cytosolic water-soluble heteroglycans (SHG) as does the cytosolic phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) isoform. By using in vitro two-step C-14 labeling assays we demonstrate that the two transferases can utilize the same acceptor sites of the SHG. Cytosolic heteroglycans from a DPE2-deficient Arabidopsis mutant were characterized. Compared with the wild type the glucose content of the heteroglycans was increased. Most of the additional glucosyl residues were found in the outer chains of SHG that are released by an endo- alpha-arabinanase (EC 3.2.1.99). Additional starch-related mutants were characterized for further analysis of the increased glucosyl content. Based on these data, the cytosolic metabolism of starch-derived carbohydrates is discussed}, language = {en} } @article{StaniforthWoodReich2006, author = {Staniforth, Andrew and Wood, Nigel and Reich, Sebastian}, title = {A time-staggered semi-Lagrangian discretization of the rotating shallow-water equations}, series = {Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, volume = {132}, journal = {Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society}, number = {621C}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0035-9009}, doi = {10.1256/qj.06.30}, pages = {3107 -- 3116}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A time-staggered semi-Lagrangian discretization of the rotating shallow-water equations is proposed and analysed. Application of regularization to the geopotential field used in the momentum equations leads to an unconditionally stable scheme. The analysis, together with a fully nonlinear example application, suggests that this approach is a promising, efficient, and accurate alternative to traditional schemes.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Sokolova2006, author = {Sokolova, Elena}, title = {A Study of large-scale Atmospheric Dynamics on the Basic of NCEP Data and AOGCM Simulations}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {128 S. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{GrimmBergerBastiansenetal.2006, author = {Grimm, Volker and Berger, Uta and Bastiansen, Finn and Eliassen, Sigrunn and Ginot, Vincent and Giske, Jarl and Goss-Custard, John and Grand, Tamara and Heinz, Simone K. and Huse, Geir and Huth, Andreas and Jepsen, Jane U. and Jorgensen, Christian and Mooij, Wolf M. and Mueller, Birgit and Piou, Cyril and Railsback, Steven Floyd and Robbins, Andrew M. and Robbins, Martha M. and Rossmanith, Eva and Rueger, Nadja and Strand, Espen and Souissi, Sami and Stillman, Richard A. and Vabo, Rune and Visser, Ute and DeAngelis, Donald L.}, title = {A standard protocol for describing individual-based and agent-based models}, series = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, volume = {198}, journal = {Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0304-3800}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.04.023}, pages = {115 -- 126}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Simulation models that describe autonomous individual organisms (individual based models, IBM) or agents (agent-based models, ABM) have become a widely used tool, not only in ecology, but also in many other disciplines dealing with complex systems made up of autonomous entities. However, there is no standard protocol for describing such simulation models, which can make them difficult to understand and to duplicate. This paper presents a proposed standard protocol, ODD, for describing IBMs and ABMs, developed and tested by 28 modellers who cover a wide range of fields within ecology. This protocol consists of three blocks (Overview, Design concepts, and Details), which are subdivided into seven elements: Purpose, State variables and scales, Process overview and scheduling, Design concepts, Initialization, Input, and Submodels. We explain which aspects of a model should be described in each element, and we present an example to illustrate the protocol in use. In addition, 19 examples are available in an Online Appendix. We consider ODD as a first step for establishing a more detailed common format of the description of IBMs and ABMs. Once initiated, the protocol will hopefully evolve as it becomes used by a sufficiently large proportion of modellers. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{HauserCazzamaliWilliamsonetal.2006, author = {Hauser, Frank and Cazzamali, Giuseppe and Williamson, Michael and Blenau, Wolfgang and Grimmelikhuijzen, CJ.}, title = {A review of neurohormone GPCRs present in the fruitfly "Drosophila melanogaster" and the honey bee "Apis mellifera"}, issn = {0301-0082}, doi = {10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.07.005}, year = {2006}, abstract = {G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes are large gene families in every animal, sometimes making up to 1-2\% of the animal's genome. Of all insect GPCRs, the neurohormone (neuropeptide, protein hormone, biogenic amine) GPCRs are especially important, because they, together with their ligands, occupy a high hierarchic position in the physiology of insects and steer crucial processes such as development, reproduction, and behavior. In this paper, we give a review of our current knowledge on Drosophila melanogaster GPCRs and use this information to annotate the neurohormone GPCR genes present in the recently sequenced genome from the honey bee Apis mellifera. We found 35 neuropeptide receptor genes in the honey bee (44 in Drosophila) and two genes, coding for leucine-rich repeats-containing protein hormone GPCRs (4 in Drosophila). In addition, the honey bee has 19 biogenic amine receptor genes (21 in Drosophila). The larger numbers of neurohormone receptors in Drosophila are probably due to gene duplications that occurred during recent evolution of the fly. Our analyses also yielded the likely ligands for 40 of the 56 honey bee neurohormone GPCRs identified in this study. In addition, we made some interesting observations on neurohormone GPCR evolution and the evolution and co-evolution of their ligands. For neuropeptide and protein hormone GPCRs, there appears to be a general co-evolution between receptors and their ligands. This is in contrast to biogenic amine GPCRs, where evolutionarily unrelated GPCRs often bind to the same biogenic amine, suggesting frequent ligand exchanges ("ligand hops") during GPCR evolution.}, language = {en} } @article{DelgrandeSchaubTompits2006, author = {Delgrande, James Patrick and Schaub, Torsten H. and Tompits, Hans}, title = {A Preference-Based Framework for Updating logic Programs : preliminary reports}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{TellerHalamekMakoweretal.2006, author = {Teller, C. and Halamek, Jan and Makower, Alexander and Fournier, Didier and Schulze, H. and Scheller, Frieder W.}, title = {A piezoelectric sensor with propidium as a recognition element for cholinesterases}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2005.02.053}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A piezoelectric biosensor has been developed on the basis of the reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor propidium. The propidium cation was bound to a 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid monolayer on gold-coated quartz crystals. The immobilization was done via activation of carboxyl groups by 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Different types of cholinesterases (acetyl- and butyryl-ChE) from different origins were tested for their binding ability towards the immobilized propidium. Binding Studies were performed in a flow system, Furthermore, catalytically active and organophosphate-inhibited enzyme were compared re-aiding their binding capability. The binding constants were derived by using an one to one binding model and a refined model also including rebinding effects. It was shown that organophosphorylation of the active site hardly influences the affinity of AChE towards propidium. Furthermore the propidium-based biosensor provides equal sensitivity as compared with piezolelectric sensors with immobilized paraoxon- an active site ligand of AChE. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{HahnewaldLeimkuehlerVilasecaetal.2006, author = {Hahnewald, Rita and Leimk{\"u}hler, Silke and Vilaseca, Antonia and Acquaviva-Bourdain, Cecile and Lenz, Ulrike and Reiss, Jochen}, title = {A novel MOCS2 mutation reveals coordinated expression of the small and large subunit of molybdopterin synthase}, series = {Molecular genetics and metabolism}, volume = {89}, journal = {Molecular genetics and metabolism}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1096-7192}, doi = {10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.04.008}, pages = {210 -- 213}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The small and large subunits of molybdopterin (MPT) synthase (MOCS2A and MOCS2B), are both encoded by the MOCS2 gene in overlapping and shifted open reading frames (ORFs), which is a highly unusual structure for eukaryotes. Theoretical analysis of genomic sequences suggested that the expression of these overlapping ORFs is facilitated by the use of alternate first exons leading to alternative transcripts. Here, we confirm the existence of these overlapping transcripts experimentally. Further, we identified a deletion in a molybdenum cofactor deficient patient, which removes the start codon for the small subunit (MOCS2A). We observed undisturbed production of both transcripts, while Western blot analysis demonstrated that MOCS2B, the large subunit, is unstable in the absence of MOCS2A. This reveals new insights into the expression of this evolutionary ancient anabolic system.}, language = {en} } @article{KawanabeBlanchardSugiyamaetal.2006, author = {Kawanabe, Motoaki and Blanchard, Gilles and Sugiyama, Masashi and Spokoiny, Vladimir G. and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Robert}, title = {A novel dimension reduction procedure for searching non-Gaussian subspaces}, issn = {0302-9743}, doi = {10.1007/11679363_19}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this article, we consider high-dimensional data which contains a low-dimensional non-Gaussian structure contaminated with Gaussian noise and propose a new linear method to identify the non-Gaussian subspace. Our method NGCA (Non-Gaussian Component Analysis) is based on a very general semi-parametric framework and has a theoretical guarantee that the estimation error of finding the non-Gaussian components tends to zero at a parametric rate. NGCA can be used not only as preprocessing for ICA, but also for extracting and visualizing more general structures like clusters. A numerical study demonstrates the usefulness of our method}, language = {en} } @article{MeriauWartenburgerKazzeretal.2006, author = {M{\´e}riau, Katja and Wartenburger, Isabell and Kazzer, Philipp and Prehn, Kristin and Lammers, Claas-Hinrich and van der Meer, Elke and Villringer, Arno and Heekeren, Hauke R.}, title = {A neural network reflecting individual differences in cognitive processing of emotions during perceptual decision making}, issn = {1053-8119}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{LeimuKoricheva2006, author = {Leimu, Roosa and Koricheva, Julia}, title = {A meta-analysis of genetic correlations between plant resistances to multiple enemies}, issn = {0003-0147}, doi = {10.1086/505766}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Genetic correlations between plant resistances to multiple natural enemies are important because they have the potential to determine the mode of selection that natural enemies impose on a host plant, the structure of herbivore and pathogen communities, and the success of plant breeding for resistance to multiple diseases and pests. We conducted a meta-analysis of 29 published studies of 16 different plant species reporting a total of 467 genetic correlations between resistances to multiple herbivores or pathogens. In general, genetic associations between resistances to multiple natural enemies tended to be positive regardless of the breeding design, type of attacker, and type of host plant. Positive genetic correlations between resistances were stronger when both attackers were pathogens or generalist herbivores and when resistance to different enemies was tested independently, suggesting that generalists may be affected by the same plant resistance traits and that interactions among natural enemies are common. Although the mean associations between resistances were positive, indicating the prevalence of diffuse selection and generalized defenses against multiple enemies, the large variation in both the strength and the direction of the associations suggests a continuum between pairwise and diffuse selection}, language = {en} } @article{MartinazzoNestSaalfranketal.2006, author = {Martinazzo, Rocco and Nest, Mathias and Saalfrank, Peter and Tantardini, Gian Franco}, title = {A local coherent-state approximation to system-bath quantum dynamics}, series = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, volume = {125}, journal = {The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr}, number = {19}, publisher = {American Institute of Physics}, address = {Melville}, issn = {0021-9606}, doi = {10.1063/1.2362821}, pages = {16}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A novel quantum method to deal with typical system-bath dynamical problems is introduced. Subsystem discrete variable representation and bath coherent-state sets are used to write down a multiconfigurational expansion of the wave function of the whole system. With the help of the Dirac-Frenkel variational principle, simple equations of motion-a kind of Schrodinger-Langevin equation for the subsystem coupled to (pseudo) classical equations for the bath-are derived. True dissipative dynamics at all times is obtained by coupling the bath to a secondary, classical Ohmic bath, which is modeled by adding a friction coefficient in the derived pseudoclassical bath equations. The resulting equations are then solved for a number of model problems, ranging from tunneling to vibrational relaxation dynamics. Comparison of the results with those of exact, multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree calculations in systems with up to 80 bath oscillators shows that the proposed method can be very accurate and might be of help in studying realistic problems with very large baths. To this end, its linear scaling behavior with respect to the number of bath degrees of freedom is shown in practice with model calculations using tens of thousands of bath oscillators.}, language = {en} } @article{DeBleser2006, author = {De Bleser, Ria}, title = {A linguist's view on progressive anomia: Evidence for Delbr{\"u}ck (1886) in modern neurolinguistic research}, series = {Cortex : a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behaviour}, volume = {42}, journal = {Cortex : a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behaviour}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Milano}, issn = {0010-9452}, doi = {10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70421-0}, pages = {805 -- 810}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In his short paper of 1886, the neogrammarian linguist Delbruck sketches his views on normal language processing and their relevance for the interpretation of some of the symptoms of progressive anomic aphasia. In particular, he discusses proper name impairments, verb and abstract noun superiority and the predominance of semantically related errors. Furthermore, he suggests that part of speech, morphology and word order may be preserved in this condition. This historical document has been lost in oblivion but the original ideas and their relevance for contemporary discussions merit a revival.}, language = {en} } @article{KatterleHolzwarthJesorka2006, author = {Katterle, Martin and Holzwarth, Alfred R. and Jesorka, Aldo}, title = {A Heck-type coupling for the synthesis of novel bridged metallochlorin-fullerene C-60 dyads}, issn = {1434-193X}, doi = {10.1002/ejoc.200500494}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A short and convenient synthesis of metallochlorin-C-60 dyads based on a Heck-type hetero coupling at the 3(2) position of a chlorin is described. p-Bromobenzaldehyde was treated with Zn-metalated 13(2)- demethoxycarbonylmethylpheophorbide a, using a palladium acetate/LiCl catalyst mixture under phase-transfer conditions in DMF at 70 degrees C. The resulting asymmetric olefin was obtained in a high trans/cis ratio. The desired trans isomer was separated and subsequently transformed into a donor-acceptor dyad by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to C-60 in the presence of sarcosine in refluxing toluene. The resulting dyads are expected to undergo efficient photoinduced electron transfer and can potentially be utilized in solar energy conversion devices.}, language = {en} } @article{HerzschuhWinterWuennemannetal.2006, author = {Herzschuh, Ulrike and Winter, Katja and W{\"u}nnemann, Bernd and Li, Shijie}, title = {A general cooling trend on the central Tibetan Plateau throughout the Holocene recorded by the Lake Zigetang pollen spectra}, series = {Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research}, volume = {154}, journal = {Quaternary international : the journal of the International Union for Quaternary Research}, publisher = {Pergamon Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1040-6182}, doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2006.02.005}, pages = {113 -- 121}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A 741-cm-long laminated sediment core, covering the last 10,800 years was collected from Lake Zigetang, central Tibetan Plateau (90.9 degrees E, 32.0 degrees N, 4560m a.s.l.), and analysed palynologically at 69 horizons. Biome reconstruction suggests a dominance of temperate steppe vegetation (mainly Artemisia and Poaceae) on the central Tibetan Plateau during the first half of the Holocene (10.8-4.4 cal. ka BP), while alpine steppes with desert elements (mainly Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and characteristic high-alpine herb families) tend to dominate the second half (4.4-0 cal. ka BP). The Artemisia/Cyperaceae ratio-a semi-quantitative measure for summer temperature-indicates a general cooling trend throughout the Holocene. Dense temperate steppe vegetation and maximum desert plant withdrawal, however, indicate that a suitable balance of wet and warm conditions for optimum vegetation growth likely occurred during the middle Holocene (7.3-4.4 cal. ka BP). Severe Early Holocene cold events have been reconstructed for 8.7-8.3 and similar to 7.4 cal. ka BP. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{OberauerKliegl2006, author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {A formal model of capacity limits in working memory}, series = {Journal of Memory and Language}, volume = {55}, journal = {Journal of Memory and Language}, number = {4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0749-596X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.009}, pages = {601 -- 626}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A mathematical model of working-memory capacity limits is proposed on the key assumption of mutual interference between items in working memory. Interference is assumed to arise from overwriting of features shared by these items. The model was fit to time-accuracy data of memory-updating tasks from four experiments using nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) models as a framework. The model gave a good account of the data from a numerical and a spatial task version. The performance pattern in a combination of numerical and spatial updating could be explained by variations in the interference parameter: assuming less feature overlap between contents from different domains than between contents from the same domain, the model can account for double dissociations of content domains in dual-task experiments. Experiment 3 extended this idea to similarity within the verbal domain. The decline of memory accuracy with increasing memory load was steeper with phonologically similar than with dissimilar material, although processing speed was faster for the similar material. The model captured the similarity effects with a higher estimated interference parameter for the similar than for the dissimilar condition. The results are difficult to explain with alternative models, in particular models incorporating time-based decay and models assuming limited resource pools.}, language = {en} } @article{Hassler2006, author = {Haßler, Gerda}, title = {A Fala : normalizaci{\´o}n tard{\´i}a e identidad cultural}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{BalciKochKleinpeter2006, author = {Balci, Kubilay and Koch, Andreas and Kleinpeter, Erich}, title = {A comparative vibrational spectroscopic investigation of free mn-12S(2)O(2) and fn-12S(2)O(2) dithiacrown ethers based on DFT calculations}, issn = {0022-2860}, doi = {10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.10.048}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A successful assignment for the fundamental bands observed in the experimental IR spectra of mn-12S(2)O(2) and fn-12S(2)O(2) dithiacrown ethers was achieved by the aid of the density functional theory (DFT) based quantum mechanical calculations carried out at the 133LYP/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/6-31 + G(d) level of theory. Two different scaling approaches, '(i) scaled quantum mechanics force field (SQM FF) methodology', and (ii) the 'scaling frequencies with dual empirical scale factors', were used in order to fit the calculated harmonic frequencies to the experimental ones. Potential energy distribution (PED) calculations were carried out to define the internal coordinate contributions to each normal mode and to define the corresponding normal modes of the molecules. The effects of the conformational differences onto the IR active normal modes of the two isomeric molecules and their corresponding experimental frequencies were discussed in the light of the calculated spectral data.}, language = {en} } @article{WaltherWesselMalbergetal.2006, author = {Walther, T and Wessel, Niels and Malberg, Hagen and Voss, Andreas and Stepan, H and Faber, R}, title = {A combined technique for predicting pre-eclampsia : concurrent measurement of uterine perfusion and analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Objective Pre-eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy with high morbidity and mortality and an incidence of 3-5\% in all pregnancies. Early prediction is still insufficient in clinical practice. Although most pre- eclamptic patients have pathological uterine perfusion in the second trimester, perfusion disturbance has a positive predictive accuracy (PPA) only of approximately 30\%. Methods Non-invasive continuous blood pressure recordings were taken simultaneously via a finger cuff for 30 min. Time series of systolic as well as diastolic beat-to-beat pressure values were extracted to analyse heart rate and blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity in 102 second- trimester pregnancies, to assess predictability for pre-eclampsia (n = 16). All women underwent Doppler investigations of the uterine arteries. Results We identified a combination of three variability and baroreflex parameters to best predict pre-eclampsia several weeks before clinical manifestation. The discriminant function of these three parameters classified patients with later pre-eclampsia with a sensitivity of 87.5\%, a specificity of 83.7\%, and a PPA of 50.0\%. Combined with Doppler investigations of uterine arteries, PPA increased to 71.4\%. Conclusions This technique of incorporating one-stop clinical assessment of uterine perfusion and variability parameters in the second trimester produces the most effective prediction of pre-eclampsia to date}, language = {en} } @article{LettauWarsinkeKatterleetal.2006, author = {Lettau, Kristian and Warsinke, Axel and Katterle, Martin and Danielsson, Bengt and Scheller, Frieder W.}, title = {A bifunctional molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP): analysis of binding and catalysis by a thermistor}, doi = {10.1002/anie.200601796}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Binding or catalysis? Both can be distinguished with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) by the different patterns of heat generation. The catalytically active sites, like in the corresponding enzyme, generate a steady-state temperature increase. Thus, enzyme-like catalysis and antibody-analogue binding are analyzed simultaneously in a bifunctional MIP for the first time (see scheme).}, language = {en} } @article{JuergensenKonstantinidis2006, author = {J{\"u}rgensen, Helmut and Konstantinidis, Stavros}, title = {(Near-)inverses of sequences}, issn = {0020-7160}, doi = {10.1080/00207160500537801}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We introduce the notion of a near-inverse of a non-decreasing sequence of positive integers; near-inverses are intended to assume the role of inverses in cases when the latter cannot exist. We prove that the near-inverse of such a sequence is unique; moreover, the relation of being near-inverses of each other is symmetric, i.e. if sequence g is the near-inverse of sequence f, then f is the near-inverse of g. There is a connection, by approximations, between near- inverses of sequences and inverses of continuous strictly increasing real-valued functions which can be exploited to derive simple expressions for near-inverses}, language = {en} }