@article{KroenerWildeZhaoetal.2006, author = {Kr{\"o}ner, Alfred and Wilde, Simon A. and Zhao, Guochun and O'Brien, Patrick J. and Sun, Min and Liu, Dun Yi and Wan, Yusheng and Liu, S. W. and Guo, Jianbin H.}, title = {Zircon geochronology and metamorphic evolution of mafic dykes in the Hengshan Complex of northern China: Evidence for late Palaeoproterozoic extension and subsequent high-pressure metamorphism in the North China Craton}, issn = {0301-9268}, doi = {10.1016/j.precamres.2006.01.008}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Magmatic and metamorphic zircons have been dated from ductilely deformed gabbroic dykes defining a dyke swarm and signifying crustal extension in the northern part of the Hengshan Complex of the North China Craton, These dykes now occur as boudins and deformed sheets within migmatitic tonalitic, trondhjemitic, granodioritic and granitic gneisses and are conspicuous due to relics of high-pressure granulite or even former eclogite facies garnet + pyroxene-bearing assemblages. SHRIMP ages for magmatic zircons from two dykes reflect the time of dyke emplacement at similar to 1915 Ma, whereas metamorphic zircons dated by both SHRIMP and evaporation techniques are consistently in the range 1848-1888 Ma. The Youngest granitoid gneiss yet dated in the Hengshan has an emplacement age of 18 2 17 Ma. These results complement recent geochronological studies from the neighbouring Wutai and Fuping Complexes, to the SE of the Hengshan, showing that a crustal extension event Occurred in the late Palaeoproterozoic. This preceded a major high-pressure collision- type metamorphic event in the central part of the North China Craton that occurred in the Palaeoproterozoic and not in the late Archaean as previously thought. Our data support recent suggestions that the North China Craton experienced a major, craton-wide orogenic event in the late Palaeoproterozoic after which it became cratonized and acted as a stable block.}, language = {en} } @article{Zubek2006, author = {Zubek, Radoslaw}, title = {Zaborowski, M., Germany, Poland and Europe; Manchester, Univ. Press, 2004}, issn = {0140-2382}, doi = {10.1080/01402380600620783}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{GorfmanTsirelsonPucheretal.2006, author = {Gorfman, Semen and Tsirelson, Vladimir and Pucher, Andreas and Morgenroth, Wolfgang and Pietsch, Ullrich}, title = {X-ray diffraction by a crystal in a permanent external electric field : electric-field-induced structural response in alpha-GaPO4}, issn = {0108-7673}, doi = {10.1107/S0108767305036111}, year = {2006}, abstract = {For the first time, site-selective distortion has been investigated for two different structural units in the ternary compound alpha-GaPO4 under the influence of a permanent external electric field. Based on 54 measured reflection intensities, the electric-field-induced distortion of PO4 and GaO4 tetrahedra in alpha-GaPO4 crystals is evaluated using a model of pseudoatomic displacements introduced recently [Gorfman, Tsirelson \& Pietsch (2005). Acta Cryst. A61, 387- 396]. A stronger variation of the P-O bond lengths in the PO4 tetrahedron was found compared to the bonds in the GaO4 tetrahedron. The different distortions of the tetrahedra owing to the electric field were analysed in terms of the valence charge density of alpha-GaPO4 and its topological characteristics. The larger charge of the P pseudoatom compared to the Ga atom was recognized as the main reason for the higher sensitivity of the PO4 tetrahedron to a permanent external electric field}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Priewe2006, author = {Priewe, Marc}, title = {Writing transit : refiguring national imaginaries in Chicana/o narratives}, series = {American Studies}, volume = {140}, journal = {American Studies}, publisher = {Winter}, address = {Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-8253-5215-8}, pages = {XII, 267 S. : Ill.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{OberauerWeidenfeldHoernig2006, author = {Oberauer, Klaus and Weidenfeld, Andrea and H{\"o}rnig, Robin}, title = {Working memory capacity and the construction of spatial mental models in comprehension and deductive reasoning}, doi = {10.1080/17470210500151717}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We asked 149 high-school students who were pretested for their working memory capacity (WMC) to read spatial descriptions relating to five objects and to evaluate conclusions asserting an unmentioned relationship between two of the objects. Unambiguous descriptions were compatible with a single spatial arrangement, whereas ambiguous descriptions permitted two arrangements; a subset of the ambiguous descriptions still determined the relation asserted in the conclusion, whereas another subset did not. Two groups of participants received different instructions: The deduction group should accept conclusions only if they followed with logical necessity from the description, whereas the comprehension group should accept a conclusion if it agreed with their representation of the arrangement. Self-paced reading times increased on sentences that introduced an ambiguity, replicating previous findings in deductive reasoning experiments. This effect was also found in the comprehension group, casting doubt on the interpretation that people consider multiple possible arrangements online. Responses to conclusions could be modelled by a multinomial processing model with four parameters: the probability of constructing a correct mental model, the probability of detecting an ambiguity, and two guessing parameters. Participants with high and with low WMC differed mainly in the probability of successfully constructing a mental model}, language = {en} } @article{HoehlevandeVijverWeisenborn2006, author = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and van de Vijver, Ruben and Weisenborn, J.}, title = {Word processing at 19 months at its relation to language performance at 30 months : a retrospective analysis of data from German learning children}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{HoehlevandeVijverWeissenborn2006, author = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and van de Vijver, Ruben and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Word processing at 19 months and its relation to language performance at 30 months : a retrospective analysis of data from German learning children}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16302}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Recent research has shown that the early lexical representations children establish in their second year of life already seem to be phonologically detailed enough to allow differentiation from very similar forms. In contrast to these findings children with specific language impairment show problems in discriminating phonologically similar word forms up to school age. In our study we investigated the question whether there would be differences in the processing of phonological details in normally developing and in children with low language performance in the second year of life. This was done by a retrospective study in which in the processing of phonological details was tested by a preferential looking experiment when the children were 19 months old. At the age of 30 months children were tested with a standardized German test of language comprehension and production (SETK2). The preferential looking data at 19 months revealed an opposite reaction pattern for the two groups: while the children scoring normally in the SETK2 increase their fixations of a pictured object only when it was named with the correct word, children with later low language performance did so only when presented with a phonologically slightly deviant mispronunciation. We suggest that this pattern does not point to a specific deficit in processing phonological information in these children but might be related to an instability of early phonological representations, and/or a generalized problem of information processing as compared to typically developing children.}, language = {en} } @article{HoernigWeskottKliegletal.2006, author = {H{\"o}rnig, Robin and Weskott, Thomas and Kliegl, Reinhold and Fanselow, Gisbert}, title = {Word order variation in spatial descriptions with adverbs}, issn = {0090-502X}, doi = {10.3758/BF03193264}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Previous research has shown that in a three-term spatial reasoning task, the second premise of a German premise pair is especially easy to comprehend if (1) the prepositional object rather than the grammatical subject denotes the given entity, and if (2) the term denoting the given entity precedes the term denoting the new entity. Accordingly, the second premise is easiest to comprehend with noncanonical word order-that is, with the prepositional object in preverbal position denoting the given entity (e.g., To the right of the given object is the new subject). This finding is explained in terms of contextual licensing of noncanonical word order. Here, we discuss and tested two alternative accounts of contextual licensing, given-new and partially ordered set relations (Poset). The given-new account claims that noncanonical word order is licensed by the term denoting the given entity preceding the term denoting the new entity. On the Poset account, noncanonical word order is licensed if the preverbal constituent introduces a new entity that stands in a transitive, irreflexive, and asymmetric relation to a given entity. Comprehension times for second premises with spatial adverbs in four different word orders support both accounts of contextual licensing; Poset licensing was stronger than given-new licensing.}, language = {en} } @article{AnishchenkoNikolaevKurths2006, author = {Anishchenko, Vadim S. and Nikolaev, S and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Winding number locking on a two-dimensional torus : synchronization of quasiperiodic motions}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/Physreve.73.056202}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We propose a new autonomous dynamical system of dimension N=4 that demonstrates the regime of stable two- frequency motions and period-doubling bifurcations of a two-dimensional torus. It is shown that the period-doubling bifurcation of the two-dimensional torus is not followed by the resonance phenomenon, and the two-dimensional ergodic torus undergoes a period-doubling bifurcation. The interaction of two generators is also analyzed. The phenomenon of external and mutual synchronization of two-frequency oscillations is observed, for which winding number locking on a two- dimensional torus takes place}, language = {en} } @article{MuellerBirn2006, author = {M{\"u}ller, C. and Birn, Lukas}, title = {Wikis for collaborative software documentation}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{WilhelmOberauer2006, author = {Wilhelm, Oliver and Oberauer, Klaus}, title = {Why are reasoning ability and working memory capacity related to mental speed? An investigation of stimulus- response compatibility in choice reaction time tasks}, doi = {10.1080/09541440500215921}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A study with 114 young adults investigated the correlations of intelligence factors and working-memory capacity with reaction time (RT) tasks. Within two sets of four-choice RT tasks, stimulus-response compatibility was varied over three levels: compatible, incompatible, and arbitrary mappings. Two satisfactory measurement models for the RTs could be established: A general factor model without constraints on the loadings and a nested model with two correlated factors, distinguishing compatible from arbitrary mappings, with constraints on the loadings. Structural models additionally including factors for working memory and intelligence showed that the nested model with correlated factors is superior in fit. Working-memory capacity and fluid intelligence were correlated strongly with the nested factor for the RT tasks with arbitrary mappings, and less with the general RT factor. The results support the hypothesis that working memory is needed to maintain arbitrary bindings between stimulus representations and response representations, and this could explain the correlation of working-memory capacity with speed in choice RT tasks}, language = {en} } @article{MacMathuna2006, author = {Mac Math{\´u}na, Liam}, title = {What's in an irish name?}, series = {The Celtic Englishes IV : the interface between English and the Celtic languages ; proceedings of the fourth international colloquium on the "Celtic Englishes" held at the University of Potsdam in Golm (Germany) from 22-26 September 2004}, journal = {The Celtic Englishes IV : the interface between English and the Celtic languages ; proceedings of the fourth international colloquium on the "Celtic Englishes" held at the University of Potsdam in Golm (Germany) from 22-26 September 2004}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40930}, pages = {64 -- 87}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Content: 1. Introduction: The Irish Patronymic System Prior to 1600 2. Anglicisation Pressure 3. Anglicisation: 1600-1900 3.1. Phonetic Approximation 3.2. Simplification 3.3. Translation 3.4. Mistranslation 3.5. Equivalence with Existing English Surname 3.6. Multiplicity of Anglicised Forms 3.7. Anglicisation of Prefixes 4. The Call to De-Anglicise 5. Current Personal Naming Patterns in Ireland 5.1. Current Modern Irish 6. Traditional Naming: "X (Son/Daughter) of Y (Son/Daughter) of Z" 7. Nicknames 8. Conclusion}, language = {en} } @article{AngerGebserJanhunenetal.2006, author = {Anger, Christian and Gebser, Martin and Janhunen, Tomi and Schaub, Torsten H.}, title = {What's a head without a body?}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Maraun2006, author = {Maraun, Douglas}, title = {What can we learn from climate data? : Methods for fluctuation, time/scale and phase analysis}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9047}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Since Galileo Galilei invented the first thermometer, researchers have tried to understand the complex dynamics of ocean and atmosphere by means of scientific methods. They observe nature and formulate theories about the climate system. Since some decades powerful computers are capable to simulate the past and future evolution of climate. Time series analysis tries to link the observed data to the computer models: Using statistical methods, one estimates characteristic properties of the underlying climatological processes that in turn can enter the models. The quality of an estimation is evaluated by means of error bars and significance testing. On the one hand, such a test should be capable to detect interesting features, i.e. be sensitive. On the other hand, it should be robust and sort out false positive results, i.e. be specific. This thesis mainly aims to contribute to methodological questions of time series analysis with a focus on sensitivity and specificity and to apply the investigated methods to recent climatological problems. First, the inference of long-range correlations by means of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) is studied. It is argued that power-law scaling of the fluctuation function and thus long-memory may not be assumed a priori but have to be established. This requires to investigate the local slopes of the fluctuation function. The variability characteristic for stochastic processes is accounted for by calculating empirical confidence regions. The comparison of a long-memory with a short-memory model shows that the inference of long-range correlations from a finite amount of data by means of DFA is not specific. When aiming to infer short memory by means of DFA, a local slope larger than \$\alpha=0.5\$ for large scales does not necessarily imply long-memory. Also, a finite scaling of the autocorrelation function is shifted to larger scales in the fluctuation function. It turns out that long-range correlations cannot be concluded unambiguously from the DFA results for the Prague temperature data set. In the second part of the thesis, an equivalence class of nonstationary Gaussian stochastic processes is defined in the wavelet domain. These processes are characterized by means of wavelet multipliers and exhibit well defined time dependent spectral properties; they allow one to generate realizations of any nonstationary Gaussian process. The dependency of the realizations on the wavelets used for the generation is studied, bias and variance of the wavelet sample spectrum are calculated. To overcome the difficulties of multiple testing, an areawise significance test is developed and compared to the conventional pointwise test in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Applications to Climatological and Hydrological questions are presented. The thesis at hand mainly aims to contribute to methodological questions of time series analysis and to apply the investigated methods to recent climatological problems. In the last part, the coupling between El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Monsoon on inter-annual time scales is studied by means of Hilbert transformation and a curvature defined phase. This method allows one to investigate the relation of two oscillating systems with respect to their phases, independently of their amplitudes. The performance of the technique is evaluated using a toy model. From the data, distinct epochs are identified, especially two intervals of phase coherence, 1886-1908 and 1964-1980, confirming earlier findings from a new point of view. A significance test of high specificity corroborates these results. Also so far unknown periods of coupling invisible to linear methods are detected. These findings suggest that the decreasing correlation during the last decades might be partly inherent to the ENSO/Monsoon system. Finally, a possible interpretation of how volcanic radiative forcing could cause the coupling is outlined.}, subject = {Spektralanalyse }, language = {en} } @article{Konczak2006, author = {Konczak, Kathrin}, title = {Weak order equivalence for Logic Programs with Prefernces}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Konczak2006, author = {Konczak, Kathrin}, title = {Voting Theory in Answer Set Programming}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{MittalPorcasWucknitzetal.2006, author = {Mittal, Rupal and Porcas, Richard and Wucknitz, Olaf and Biggs, Andy D. and Browne, Ian W. A.}, title = {VLBI phase-reference observations of the gravitational lens JVAS B0218+357}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:20054012}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present the results of phase-referenced VLBA+Effelsberg observations at five frequencies of the double-image gravitational lens WAS B0218+357, made to establish the precise registration of the A and B lensed image positions. The motivation behind these observations is to investigate the anomalous variation of the image flux-density ratio (A[B) with frequency - this ratio changes by almost a factor of two over a frequency range from 1.65 GHz to 15.35 GHz. We investigate whether frequency dependent image positions, combined with a magnification gradient across the image field, could give rise to the anomaly. Our observations confirm the variation of image flux-density ratio with frequency. The results from Our phase-reference astrometry, taken together with the lens mass model of Wucknitz et al. (2004, MNRAS, 349, 14), show that shifts of the image peaks and centroids are too small to account for the observed frequency- dependent ratio}, language = {en} } @book{NienhausGoochDoellner2006, author = {Nienhaus, Marc and Gooch, Bruce and D{\"o}llner, J{\"u}rgen Roland Friedrich}, title = {Visualizing movement dynamics in virtual urban environments}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-939469-52-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33065}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {7}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Dynamics in urban environments encompasses complex processes and phenomena such as related to movement (e.g.,traffic, people) and development (e.g., construction, settlement). This paper presents novel methods for creating human-centric illustrative maps for visualizing the movement dynamics in virtual 3D environments. The methods allow a viewer to gain rapid insight into traffic density and flow. The illustrative maps represent vehicle behavior as light threads. Light threads are a familiar visual metaphor caused by moving light sources producing streaks in a long-exposure photograph. A vehicle's front and rear lights produce light threads that convey its direction of motion as well as its velocity and acceleration. The accumulation of light threads allows a viewer to quickly perceive traffic flow and density. The light-thread technique is a key element to effective visualization systems for analytic reasoning, exploration, and monitoring of geospatial processes.}, language = {en} } @article{GandhimathiRajasekarKurths2006, author = {Gandhimathi, V. M. and Rajasekar, S. and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Vibrational and stochastic resonances in two coupled overdamped anharmonic oscillators}, series = {Modern physics letters : A, Particles and fields, gravitation, cosmology, nuclear physics}, volume = {360}, journal = {Modern physics letters : A, Particles and fields, gravitation, cosmology, nuclear physics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0375-9601}, doi = {10.1016/j.physleta.2006.08.051}, pages = {279 -- 286}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We study the overdamped version of two coupled anharmonic oscillators under the influence of both low- and high-frequency forces respectively and a Gaussian noise term added to one of the two state variables of the system. The dynamics of the system is first studied in the presence of both forces separately without noise. In the presence of only one of the forces, no resonance behaviour is observed, however, hysteresis happens there. Then the influence of the high-frequency force in the presence of a low-frequency, i.e. biharmonic forcing, is studied. Vibrational resonance is found to occur when the amplitude of the high-frequency force is varied. The resonance curve resembles a stochastic resonance-like curve. It is maximum at the value of g at which the orbit lies in one well during one half of the drive cycle of the low-frequency force and in the other for the remaining half cycle. Vibrational resonance is characterized using the response amplitude and mean residence time. We show the occurrence of stochastic resonance behaviour in the overdamped system by replacing the high-frequency force by Gaussian noise. Similarities and differences between both types of resonance are presented. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @misc{BielawskiJurišićLenzetal.2006, author = {Bielawski, Martina and Jurišić, J. and Lenz, T. and Maxian Rusche, T. and Nippert, C.}, title = {Via : communis Europa ; Europe's architecture in 2020}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48454}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Forum: EU-Diplomatie im Jahre 2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BergmannKopp2006, author = {Bergmann, Kirsten and Kopp, Stefan}, title = {Verbal or visual? : How information is distributed across speech and gesture in spatial dialog}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10375}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In spatial dialog like in direction giving humans make frequent use of speechaccompanying gestures. Some gestures convey largely the same information as speech while others complement speech. This paper reports a study on how speakers distribute meaning across speech and gesture, and depending on what factors. Utterance meaning and the wider dialog context were tested by statistically analyzing a corpus of direction-giving dialogs. Problems of speech production (as indicated by discourse markers and disfluencies), the communicative goals, and the information status were found to be influential, while feedback signals by the addressee do not have any influence.}, language = {en} } @article{SteuerHumburgSelbig2006, author = {Steuer, Ralf and Humburg, Peter and Selbig, Joachim}, title = {Validation and functional annotation of expression-based clusters based on gene ontology}, series = {BMC bioinformatics}, volume = {7}, journal = {BMC bioinformatics}, number = {380}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2105}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2105-7-380}, pages = {12}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Background: The biological interpretation of large-scale gene expression data is one of the paramount challenges in current bioinformatics. In particular, placing the results in the context of other available functional genomics data, such as existing bio-ontologies, has already provided substantial improvement for detecting and categorizing genes of interest. One common approach is to look for functional annotations that are significantly enriched within a group or cluster of genes, as compared to a reference group. Results: In this work, we suggest the information-theoretic concept of mutual information to investigate the relationship between groups of genes, as given by data-driven clustering, and their respective functional categories. Drawing upon related approaches (Gibbons and Roth, Genome Research 12: 1574-1581, 2002), we seek to quantify to what extent individual attributes are sufficient to characterize a given group or cluster of genes. Conclusion: We show that the mutual information provides a systematic framework to assess the relationship between groups or clusters of genes and their functional annotations in a quantitative way. Within this framework, the mutual information allows us to address and incorporate several important issues, such as the interdependence of functional annotations and combinatorial combinations of attributes. It thus supplements and extends the conventional search for overrepresented attributes within a group or cluster of genes. In particular taking combinations of attributes into account, the mutual information opens the way to uncover specific functional descriptions of a group of genes or clustering result. All datasets and functional annotations used in this study are publicly available. All scripts used in the analysis are provided as additional files.}, language = {en} } @article{KamjunkeBohnGrey2006, author = {Kamjunke, Norbert and Bohn, Christiane and Grey, John}, title = {Utilisation of dissolved organic carbon from different sources by pelagic bacteria in an acidic mining lake}, issn = {0003-9136}, doi = {10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0165-0355}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We compared growth rates and efficiencies of pelagic bacteria from an extremely acidic mining lake (pH 2.6, mean depth 4.6m) supplied with different sources of carbon: (1) excreted by phytoplankton, (2) derived from benthic algae, (3) entering the lake via ground water, and (4) leached from leaf litter. Bacteria exhibited high growth rate and efficiency on exudates of pelagic and benthic algae. In contrast, they showed a lower growth rate and efficiency with organic carbon from ground water, and grew at a very high rate but a very low efficiency on leaf leachate. Results from stable isotope analyses indicate a greater importance of benthic exudates and leaf leachate for bacteria in the epilimnion, and a higher impact of ground water sources in the hypolimnion. Given the magnitude of differential source inputs into the lake, we suggest that benthic primary production was the most important carbon source for pelagic bacteria. The benthic-pelagic coupling seems to be more relevant in this shallow acidic lake with low pelagic carbon dioxide concentrations than in neutral lakes}, language = {en} } @article{KamunkeBohn2006, author = {Kamunke, Norbert and Bohn, Christiane}, title = {Utilisation of dissolved organic carbon from different sources by pelagic bacteria in an acidic mining lake}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{BookhagenEchtlerMelnicketal.2006, author = {Bookhagen, Bodo and Echtler, Helmut Peter and Melnick, Daniel and Strecker, Manfred and Spencer, Joel Q. G.}, title = {Using uplifted Holocene beach berms for paleoseismic analysis on the Santa Maria Island, south-central Chile}, issn = {0094-8276}, doi = {10.1029/2006gl026734}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Major earthquakes ( M > 8) have repeatedly ruptured the Nazca-South America plate interface of south-central Chile involving meter scale land-level changes. Earthquake recurrence intervals, however, extending beyond limited historical records are virtually unknown, but would provide crucial data on the tectonic behavior of forearcs. We analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of Holocene earthquakes on Santa Maria Island (SMI; 37 degrees S), located 20 km off the Chilean coast and approximately 70 km east of the trench. SMI hosts a minimum of 21 uplifted beach berms, of which a subset were dated to calculate a mean uplift rate of 2.3 +/- 0.2 m/ky and a tilting rate of 0.022 +/- 0.002 degrees/ky. The inferred recurrence interval of strandline-forming earthquakes is similar to 180 years. Combining coseismic uplift and aseismic subsidence during an earthquake cycle, the net gain in strandline elevation in this environment is similar to 0.4 m per event}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DoktorBadeckBondeauetal.2006, author = {Doktor, Daniel and Badeck, Franz-Werner and Bondeau, Alberte and Koslowsky, Dirk and Schaber, J{\"o}rg and McAllister, Murdock}, title = {Using satellite imagery and ground observations to quantify the effect of intra-annually changing temperature patterns on spring time phenology}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7244}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Interdisziplin{\"a}res Zentrum f{\"u}r Musterdynamik und Angewandte Fernerkundung Workshop vom 9. - 10. Februar 2006}, language = {en} } @article{GerhardFariaOliveiraJretal.2006, author = {Gerhard, Reimund and Faria, Roberto M. and Oliveira Jr., O. N. and Giacometti, Jose A.}, title = {Useful effects of space charge and dipole polarization: Recent developments in polymer electrets and organic semiconductors (Editorial)}, issn = {1070-9878}, doi = {10.1109/TDEI.2006.247817}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{EccardDeanWichmannetal.2006, author = {Eccard, Jana and Dean, W. Richard J. and Wichmann, Matthias and Huttunen, S. M and Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa and Moloney, Kirk A. and Jeltsch, Florian}, title = {Use of large Acacia trees by the cavity dwelling Black-tailed Tree Rat in the southern Kalahari}, issn = {0140-1963}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.06.019}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Recent extensive harvesting of large, often dead Acacia trees in and savanna of southern Africa is cause for concern about the conservation status of the arid savanna and its animal community. We mapped vegetation and nests of the Black-tailed Tree Rat Thallomy's nigricauda to assess the extent to which the rats depend on particular tree species and on the existence of dead, standing trees. The study was conducted in continuous Acacia woodland on the southern and eastern edge of the Kalahari, South Africa. Trees in which there were tree rat nests were compared with trees of similar size and vigour to identify the characteristics of nest sites. Spatial analysis of tree rat distribution was conducted using Ripley's-L function. We found that T nigricauda was able to utilize all available tree species, as long as trees were large and old enough so that cavities were existing inside the stem. The spatial distribution of nest trees did not show clumping at the investigated scale, and we therefore reject the notion of the rats forming colonies when inhabiting continuous woodlands. The selection of a particular tree as a nest site was furthermore depending on the close proximity of the major food plant, Acacia mellifera. This may limit the choice of suitable nest sites. since A. mellifera was less likely to grow within a vegetation patch containing a large trees than in patches without large trees.}, language = {en} } @article{BaptistaPereiraKurths2006, author = {Baptista, Murilo da Silva and Pereira, Tiago and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Upper bounds in phase synchronous weak coherent chaotic attractors}, issn = {0167-2789}, doi = {10.1016/j.physd.2006.02.007}, year = {2006}, abstract = {An approach is presented for coupled chaotic systems with weak coherent motion, from which we estimate the upper bound value for the absolute phase difference in phase synchronous states. This approach shows that synchronicity in phase implies synchronicity in the time of events, a characteristic explored to derive an equation to detect phase synchronization, based on the absolute difference between the time of these events. We demonstrate the potential use of this approach for the phase coherent and the funnel attractor of the Rossler system, as well as for the spiking/bursting Rulkov map.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Vockenberg2006, author = {Vockenberg, Kerstin}, title = {Updating of representations in working memory}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11767}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The limited capacity of working memory forces people to update its contents continuously. Two aspects of the updating process were investigated in the present experimental series. The first series concerned the question if it is possible to update several representations in parallel. Similar results were obtained for the updating of object features as well as for the updating of whole objects, participants were able to update representations in parallel. The second experimental series addressed the question if working memory representations which were replaced in an updating disappear directly or interfere with the new representations. Evidence for the existence of old representations was found under working memory conditions and under conditions exceeding working memory capacity. These results contradict the hypothesis that working memory contents are protected from proactive interference of long-term memory contents.}, subject = {Aktualisierung}, language = {en} } @article{VanderVenEhlerVakeeletal.2006, author = {VanderVen, Peter F. M. and Ehler, Elisabeth and Vakeel, Padmanabhan and Eulitz, Stefan and Schenk, J{\"o}rg A. and Milting, Hendrik and Micheel, Burkhard and F{\"u}rst, Dieter Oswald}, title = {Unusual splicing events result in distinct Xin isoforms that associate differentially with filamin c and Mena/ VASP}, doi = {10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.03.015}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Filamin c is the predominantly expressed filamin isoform in striated muscles. It is localized in myofibrillar Z- discs, where it binds FATZ and myotilin, and in myotendinous junctions and intercalated discs. Here, we identify Xin, the protein encoded by the human gene 'cardiomyopathy associated 1' (CMYA1) as filamin c binding partner at these specialized structures where the ends of myofibrils are attached to the sarcolemma. Xin directly binds the EVH1 domain proteins Mena and VASP. In the adult heart, Xin and Mena/VASP colocalize with filamin c in intercalated discs. In cultured cardiomyocytes, the proteins also localize in the nonstriated part of myofibrils, where sarcomeres are assembled and an extensive reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton occurs. Unusual intraexonic splicing events result in the existence of three Xin isoforms that associate differentially with its ligands. The identification of the complex filamin c-Xin-Mena/VASP provides a first glance on the role of Xin in the molecular mechanisms involved in developmental and adaptive remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during cardiac morphogenesis and sarcomere assembly. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{DiezTauerSchulz2006, author = {Diez, Isabel and Tauer, Klaus and Schulz, Burkhard}, title = {Unusual polymer dispersions-polypyrrole suspensions made of rings, frames, and platelets}, series = {Colloid and polymer science : official journal of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft}, volume = {284}, journal = {Colloid and polymer science : official journal of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0303-402X}, doi = {10.1007/s00396-006-1521-8}, pages = {1431 -- 1442}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Experimental results show that the polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of beta-naphthalenesulfonic acid and different fluorosurfactants like perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctyldiethanolamide, and ammonium perfluorooctanoate leads to polypyrrole with special morphologies, such as rings or disks and rectangular frames or plates. The formation of these unusually shaped particles of polymer dispersions is explained by the chemical and colloidal peculiarities of the oxidative pyrrole polymerization with ammonium peroxodisulfate in aqueous medium.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouMotterKurths2006, author = {Zhou, Changsong and Motter, Adilson E. and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Universality in the synchronization of weighted random networks}, doi = {10.1103/Physrevlett.96.034101}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Realistic networks display not only a complex topological structure, but also a heterogeneous distribution of weights in the connection strengths. Here we study synchronization in weighted complex networks and show that the synchronizability of random networks with a large minimum degree is determined by two leading parameters: the mean degree and the heterogeneity of the distribution of node's intensity, where the intensity of a node, defined as the total strength of input connections, is a natural combination of topology and weights. Our results provide a possibility for the control of synchronization in complex networks by the manipulation of a few parameters}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtStaude2006, author = {Schmidt, Bernd and Staude, Lucia}, title = {Unexpected transfer hydrogenation of C-C-double bonds during Tandem-RCM-isomerization reactions}, series = {Journal of organometallic chemistry}, volume = {691}, journal = {Journal of organometallic chemistry}, number = {24-25}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {0022-328X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.07.011}, pages = {5218 -- 5221}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Unexpected hydrogen transfer from 2-propanol to C-C-double bonds has been observed in the course of a Tandem RCM-isomerization reaction leading to sterically congested spirocycles.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DzikovskaCallawayStoneetal.2006, author = {Dzikovska, Myroslava O. and Callaway, Charles B. and Stone, Matthew and Moore, Johanna D.}, title = {Understanding student input for tutorial dialogue in procedural domains}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10193}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present an analysis of student language input in a corpus of tutoring dialogue in the domain of symbolic differentiation. Our focus on procedural tutoring makes the dialogue comparable to collaborative problem-solving (CPS). Existing CPS models describe the process of negotiating plans and goals, which also fits procedural tutoring. However, we provide a classification of student utterances and corpus annotation which shows that approximately 28\% of non-trivial student language in this corpus is not accounted for by existing models, and addresses other functions, such as evaluating past actions or correcting mistakes. Our analysis can be used as a foundation for improving models of tutoring dialogue.}, language = {en} } @article{HoieSjoholmGuldstrandetal.2006, author = {Hoie, Lars H. and Sjoholm, Ake and Guldstrand, Marie and Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz and Lueder, Wolfgang and Graubaum, Hans-Joachim and Gr{\"u}nwald, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Ultra heat treatment destroys cholesterol-lowering effect of soy protein}, series = {International journal of food sciences and nutrition}, volume = {57}, journal = {International journal of food sciences and nutrition}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0963-7486}, doi = {10.1080/09637480601009059}, pages = {512 -- 519}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study was performed to investigate the dose-dependent response of serum cholesterol after consuming an ultra-heat-treated milk containing a soy protein preparation. Eighty hypercholesterolemic subjects were assigned to one of four study groups receiving 12.5 or 25 g soy protein (active treatment) or casein (placebo) daily over a period of 4 weeks. The trial substances were provided as ready-made, ultra-heated milk preparations. Before and after the treatment, serum concentrations of total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined. Unexpectedly, at the end of the study, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased compared with baseline in all study groups. The magnitude of this increase (17 - 19\%) was similar in all active and placebo study groups. Soy protein supplements previously shown to be effective in reducing serum cholesterol had in this study no such lipid-lowering effect after ultra heat treatment.}, language = {en} } @article{O'Brien2006, author = {O'Brien, Patrick J.}, title = {Type-locality granulites: high-pressure rocks formed at eclogite-facies conditions}, doi = {10.1007/s00710-005-0108-2}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The type-locality granulites from the Granulitgebirge of Saxony, Germany, are rocks of broadly granitic composition containing minor garnet and kyanite within a commonly mylonitised matrix of feldspars and quartz. Petrographic evidence indicates a primary assemblage of ternary feldspar + quartz + garnet + kyanite + rutile, most likely resulting from partial melting of a granitic protolith, for which equilibrium temperature and pressure conditions of > 1000 degrees C and > 1.5 GPa have been deduced. These extreme (for crustal rocks) conditions, and the inferred peak assemblage, are supported by the newly-developed Zr-in-rutile geothermometer and experimental studies on the same bulk composition, respectively. As these conditions lie above those required for plagioclase stability in quartz tholeiites, they are thus in the eclogite facies. Widespread modification of the peak assemblage, for example mesoperthite formation after ternary feldspar, deformation-induced recrystallisation of perthites to two-feldspar + quartz aggregates, biotite replacing garnet, Ca-loss at garnet rims, sillimanite replacing kyanite or secondary garnet growth, makes reliable interpretation of equilibrium assemblages and compositions very difficult and explains the spread of published pressure- temperature values and consequent confusion about formation depths and the validity of tectonometamorphic models. Such extreme metamorphic conditions in rock compositions typical for the upper continental crust, reflecting a hot subduction environment, has important consequences for understanding some collisional orogens}, language = {en} } @article{YenesewKiplagatDereseetal.2006, author = {Yenesew, Abiy and Kiplagat, John T. and Derese, Solomon and Midiwo, Jacob O. and Kabaru, Jacques M. and Heydenreich, Matthias and Peter, Martin G.}, title = {Two unusual rotenoid derivatives, 7a-O-methyl-12a-hydroxydeguelol and spiro-13-homo-13-oxaelliptone, from the seeds of Derris trifoliata}, doi = {10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.002}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The crude methanol extract of the seeds of Derris trifoliata showed potent and dose dependent larvicidal activity against the 2nd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. From this extract two unusual rotenoid derivatives, a rotenoloid (named 7a-O-methyl-12a-hydroxydeguelol) and a spirohomooxarotenoid (named spiro-13-homo-13-oxaelliptone), were isolated and characterised. In addition a rare natural chromanone (6,7-dimethoxy-4-chromanone) and the known rotenoids rotenone, tephrosin and dehydrodeguelin were identified. The structures were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The larvicidal activity of the crude extract is mainly due to rotenone. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{ThielRomanoKurthsetal.2006, author = {Thiel, Marco and Romano, Maria Carmen and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Rolfs, Martin and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Twin surrogates to test for complex synchronisation}, doi = {10.1209/epl/i2006-10147-0}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present an approach to generate (multivariate) twin surrogates (TS) based on recurrence properties. This technique generates surrogates which correspond to an independent copy of the underlying system, i.e. they induce a trajectory of the underlying system starting at different initial conditions. We show that these surrogates are well suited to test for complex synchronisation and exemplify this for the paradigmatic system of Rossler oscillators. The proposed test enables to assess the statistical relevance of a synchronisation analysis from passive experiments which are typical in natural systems}, language = {en} } @misc{ThielRomanoKurthsetal.2006, author = {Thiel, Marco and Romano, Maria Carmen and Kurths, J{\"u}rgen and Rolfs, Martin}, title = {Twin Surrogates to Test for Complex Synchronisation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57231}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present an approach to generate (multivariate) twin surrogates (TS) based on recurrence properties. This technique generates surrogates which correspond to an independent copy of the underlying system, i. e. they induce a trajectory of the underlying system starting at different initial conditions. We show that these surrogates are well suited to test for complex synchronisation and exemplify this for the paradigmatic system of R¨ossler oscillators. The proposed test enables to assess the statistical relevance of a synchronisation analysis from passive experiments which are typical in natural systems.}, language = {en} } @article{EvansDeviMaketal.2006, author = {Evans, Nicholas R. and Devi, Lekshmi Sudha and Mak, Chris S. K. and Watkins, Scott E. and Pascu, Sofia I. and K{\"o}hler, Anna and Friend, Richard H. and Williams, Charlotte K. and Holmes, Andrew B.}, title = {Triplet energy back transfer in conjugated polymers with pendant phosphorescent iridium complexes}, issn = {0002-7863}, doi = {10.1021/Ja0584267}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The nature of Dexter triplet energy transfer between bonded systems of a red phosphorescent iridium complex 13 and a conjugated polymer, polyfluorene, has been investigated in electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. Red- emitting phosphorescent iridium complexes based on the [Ir(btp)2(acac)]fragment (where btp is 2-(2 '- benzo[b]thienyl)pyridinato and acac is acetylacetonate) have been attached either directly (spacerless) or through a - (CH2)(8)-chain (octamethylene-tethered) at the 9-position of a 9-octylfluorene host. The resulting dibromo- functionalized spacerless (8) or octamethylene-tethered (12) fluorene monomers were chain extended by Suzuki polycondensations using the bis(boronate)-terminated fluorene macromonomers 16 in the presence of end-capping chlorobenzene solvent to produce the statistical spacerless (17) and octamethylene-tethered ( 18) copolymers containing an even dispersion of the pendant phosphorescent fragments. The spacerless monomer 12 adopts a face-to-face conformation with a separation of only 3.6 angstrom between the iridium complex and fluorenyl group, as shown by X-ray analysis of a single crystal, and this facilitates intramolecular triplet energy transfer in the spacerless copolymers 17. The photo- and electroluminescence efficiencies of the octamethylene-tethered copolymers 18 are double those of the spacerless copolymers 17, and this is consistent with suppression of the back transfer of triplets from the red phosphorescent iridium complex to the polyfluorene backbone in 18. The incorporation of a -(CH2)(8)- chain between the polymer host and phosphorescent guest is thus an important design principle for achieving higher efficiencies in those electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes for which the triplet energy levels of the host and guest are similar}, language = {en} } @article{LotzKinder2006, author = {Lotz, Anja and Kinder, Annette}, title = {Transfer in artificial grammar learning : the role of repetition information}, issn = {0278-7393}, doi = {10.1037/0278-7393.32.4.707}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this article, the authors report 2 experiments that investigated the sources of information used in transfer and nontransfer tasks in artificial grammar learning. Multiple regression analyses indicated that 2 types of information about repeating elements were crucial for performance in both tasks: information about the repetition of adjacent elements and information about repetition of elements in the whole item. Similarity of test items to specific training items and chunk information influenced participants' judgments only in nontransfer tasks}, language = {en} } @misc{KlieglNuthmannEngbert2006, author = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Nuthmann, Antje and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Tracking the Mind During Reading: The Influence of Past, Present, and Future Words on Fixation Durations}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57225}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Reading requires the orchestration of visual, attentional, language-related, and oculomotor processing constraints. This study replicates previous effects of frequency, predictability, and length of fixated words on fixation durations in natural reading and demonstrates new effects of these variables related to previous and next words. Results are based on fixation durations recorded from 222 persons, each reading 144 sentences. Such evidence for distributed processing of words across fixation durations challenges psycholinguistic immediacy-of-processing and eye-mind assumptions. Most of the time the mind processes several words in parallel at different perceptual and cognitive levels. Eye movements can help to unravel these processes.}, language = {en} } @article{KlieglNuthmannEngbert2006, author = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Nuthmann, Antje and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Tracking the mind during reading : the influence of past, present, and future words on fixation durations}, issn = {0096-3445}, doi = {10.1037/0096-3445.135.1.12}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Reading requires the orchestration of visual, attentional, language-related, and oculomotor processing constraints. This study replicates previous effects of frequency, predictability, and length of fixated words on fixation durations in natural reading and demonstrates new effects of these variables related to previous and next words. Results are based on fixation durations recorded from 222 persons, each reading 144 sentences. Such evidence for distributed processing of words across fixation durations challenges psycholinguistic immediacy-of-processing and eye- mind assumptions. Most of the time the mind processes several words in parallel at different perceptual and cognitive levels. Eye movements can help to unravel these processes}, language = {en} } @article{NagelWarsinke2006, author = {Nagel, Birgit and Warsinke, Axel}, title = {Towards separation-free electrochemical affinity sensors by using antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers : a review}, doi = {10.1080/00032710600853903}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PflegerAlexandersson2006, author = {Pfleger, Norbert and Alexandersson, Jan}, title = {Towards resolving referring expressions by implicitly activated referents in practical dialogue systems}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10187}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present an extension to a comprehensive context model that has been successfully employed in a number of practical conversational dialogue systems. The model supports the task of multimodal fusion as well as that of reference resolution in a uniform manner. Our extension consists of integrating implicitly mentioned concepts into the context model and we show how they serve as candidates for reference resolution.}, language = {en} } @article{CouperKuhlenSelting2006, author = {Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth and Selting, Margret}, title = {Towards an interactional perspective on prosody and a prosodic perspective on interaction}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{ShenoyKrauledatBlankertzetal.2006, author = {Shenoy, Pradeep and Krauledat, Matthias and Blankertz, Benjamin and Rao, Rajesh P. N. and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Robert}, title = {Towards adaptive classification for BCI}, doi = {10.1088/1741-2560/3/1/R02}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Non-stationarities are ubiquitous in EEG signals. They are especially apparent in the use of EEG-based brain- computer interfaces (BCIs): (a) in the differences between the initial calibration measurement and the online operation of a BCI, or (b) caused by changes in the subject's brain processes during an experiment (e.g. due to fatigue, change of task involvement, etc). In this paper, we quantify for the first time such systematic evidence of statistical differences in data recorded during offline and online sessions. Furthermore, we propose novel techniques of investigating and visualizing data distributions, which are particularly useful for the analysis of (non-) stationarities. Our study shows that the brain signals used for control can change substantially from the offline calibration sessions to online control, and also within a single session. In addition to this general characterization of the signals, we propose several adaptive classification schemes and study their performance on data recorded during online experiments. An encouraging result of our study is that surprisingly simple adaptive methods in combination with an offline feature selection scheme can significantly increase BCI performance}, language = {en} } @article{WesselSchirdewan2006, author = {Wessel, Niels and Schirdewan, Alexander}, title = {Toward a prediction of sudden death in propofol-related infusion syndrome}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{MontbrioPazoSchmidt2006, author = {Montbrio, Ernest and Pazo, Diego and Schmidt, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Time delay in the Kuramoto model with bimodal frequency distribution}, series = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, volume = {74}, journal = {Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics}, publisher = {APS}, address = {College Park}, issn = {1539-3755}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.74.056201}, pages = {5}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We investigate the effects of a time-delayed all-to-all coupling scheme in a large population of oscillators with natural frequencies following a bimodal distribution. The regions of parameter space corresponding to synchronized and incoherent solutions are obtained both numerically and analytically for particular frequency distributions. In particular, we find that bimodality introduces a new time scale that results in a quasiperiodic disposition of the regions of incoherence.}, language = {en} } @article{GermerElsenbeerdeMoraes2006, author = {Germer, Sonja and Elsenbeer, Helmut and de Moraes, Jorge M.}, title = {Throughfall and temporal trends of rainfall redistribution in an open tropical rainforest, south-western Amazonia (Rond{\^o}nia, Brazil)}, issn = {1027-5606}, doi = {10.5194/hess-10-383-2006}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{MohsenKindSobolevetal.2006, author = {Mohsen, Ayman and Kind, Rainer and Sobolev, Stephan Vladimir and Weber, Michael}, title = {Thickness of the lithosphere east of the Dead Sea Transform}, series = {Geophysical journal international}, volume = {167}, journal = {Geophysical journal international}, number = {2}, publisher = {Blackwell}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03185.x}, pages = {845 -- 852}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We use the S receiver function method to study the lithosphere at the Dead Sea Transform (DST). A temporary network of 22 seismic broad-band stations was operated on both sides of the DST from 2000 to 2001 as part of the DESERT project. We also used data from six additional permanent broad-band seismic stations at the DST and in the surrounding area, that is, in Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Cyprus. Clear S-to-P converted phases from the crust-mantle boundary (Moho) and a deeper discontinuity, which we interpret as lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) have been observed. The Moho depth (30-38 km) obtained from S receiver functions agrees well with the results from P receiver functions and other geophysical data. We observe thinning of the lithosphere on the eastern side of the DST from 80 km in the north of the Dead Sea to about 65 km at the Gulf of Aqaba. On the western side of the DST, the few data indicate a thin LAB of about 65 km. For comparison, we found a 90-km-thick lithosphere in eastern Turkey and a 160-km-thick lithosphere under the Arabian shield, respectively. These observations support previous suggestions, based on xenolith data, heat flow observations, regional uplift history and geodynamic modelling, that the lithosphere around DST has been significantly thinned in the Late Cenozoic, likely following rifting and spreading of the Red Sea.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bellin2006, author = {Bellin, Ingo}, title = {Thermosensitive Polymer Networks with Two Different Shapes in Memory}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {117 S. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{OstermeyerMudgeVeitchetal.2006, author = {Ostermeyer, Martin and Mudge, Damien and Veitch, Peter John and Munch, Jesper}, title = {Thermally induced birefringence in Nd : YAG slab lasers}, doi = {10.1364/AO.45.005368}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We study thermally induced birefringence in crystalline Nd:YAG zigzag slab lasers and the associated depolarization losses. The optimum crystallographic orientation of the zigzag slab within the Nd:YAG boule and photoelastic effects in crystalline Nd:YAG slabs are briefly discussed. The depolarization is evaluated using the temperature and stress distributions, calculated using a finite element model, for realistically pumped and cooled slabs of finite dimensions. Jones matrices are then used to calculate the depolarization of the zigzag laser mode. We compare the predictions with measurements of depolarization, and suggest useful criteria for the design of the gain media for such lasers.}, language = {en} } @article{FloresSuarezMellingerWegeneretal.2006, author = {Flores Su{\´a}rez, Rosaura and Mellinger, Axel and Wegener, Michael and Wirges, Werner and Gerhard, Reimund and Singh, Rajeev}, title = {Thermal-pulse tomography of polarization distributions in a cylindrical geometry}, series = {IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation}, volume = {13}, journal = {IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation}, number = {5}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, issn = {1070-9878}, doi = {10.1109/TDEI.2006.258210}, pages = {1030 -- 1035}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Fast, three-dimensional polarization mapping in piezoelectric sensor cables was performed by means of the novel thermal-pulse tomography (TPT) technique with a lateral resolution of 200 mum. The active piezoelectric cable material (a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene) was electrically poled with a point-to-cable corona discharge. A focused laser was employed to heat the opaque outer electrode, and the short-circuit current generated by the thermal pulse was used to obtain 3D polarization maps via the scale transformation method. The article describes the TPT technique as a fast non-destructive option for studying cylindrical geometries.}, language = {en} } @article{MellingerWegenerWirgesetal.2006, author = {Mellinger, Axel and Wegener, Michael and Wirges, Werner and Mallepally, Rajendar Reddy and Gerhard, Reimund}, title = {Thermal and temporal stability of ferroelectret films made from cellular polypropylene/air composites}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Ferroelectrets are thin films of polymer foams, exhibiting piezoelectric properties after electrical charging. Ferroelectret foams usually consist of a cellular polymer structure filled with air. Polymer-air composites are elastically soft due to their high air content as well as due to the size and shape of the polymer walls. Their elastically soft composite structure is one essential key for the working principle of ferroelectrets, besides the permanent trapping of electric charges inside the polymer voids. The elastic properties allow large deformations of the electrically charged voids. However, the composite structure can also possibly limit the stability and consequently the range of applications because of, e. g., penetration of gas and liquids accompanied by discharge phenomena or because of a mechanical pre-load which may be required during the application. Here, we discuss various stability aspects related to the piezoelectric properties of polypropylene ferroelectrets. Near and below room temperature, the piezoelectric effect and the stability of the trapped charges are practically independent from humidity during long-time storage in a humid atmosphere or water, or from operating conditions, such as continuous mechanical excitation. Thermal treatment of cellular polypropylene above -10 degrees C leads to a softening of the voided structure which is apparent from the decreasing values of the elastic modulus. This decrease results in an increase of the piezoelectric activity. Heating above 60 degrees C, however, leads to a decrease in piezoelectricity}, language = {en} } @article{MellingerWegenerWirgesetal.2006, author = {Mellinger, Axel and Wegener, Michael and Wirges, Werner and Mallepally, Rajendar Reddy and Gerhard, Reimund}, title = {Thermal and temporal stability of ferroelectret films made from cellular polypropylene/air composites}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{AndrianovSaalfrank2006, author = {Andrianov, Ivan and Saalfrank, Peter}, title = {Theoretical study of vibration-phonon coupling of H adsorbed on a Si(100) surface}, issn = {0021-9606}, doi = {10.1063/1.2161191}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this paper a perturbation-theory study of vibrational lifetimes for the bending and stretching modes of hydrogen adsorbed on a Si(100) surface is presented. The hydrogen-silicon interaction is treated with a semiempirical bond-order potential. Calculations are performed for H-Si clusters of different sizes. The finite lifetime is due to vibration-phonon coupling, which is assumed to be linear or bilinear in the phonon and nonlinear in the H-Si stretching and bending modes. Lifetimes and vibrational transition rates are evaluated with one- and two-phonon processes taken into account. Temperature effects are also discussed. In agreement with the experiment and previous theoretical treatment it is found that the H-Si (upsilon(s)=1) stretching vibration decays on a nanosecond timescale, whereas for the H-Si (upsilon(b)=1) bending mode a picosecond decay is predicted. For higher-excited vibrations, simple scaling laws are found if the excitation energies are not too large. The relaxation mechanisms for the excited H-Si stretching and the H-Si bending modes are analyzed in detail.}, language = {en} } @article{CharronCironeNegrettietal.2006, author = {Charron, Eric and Cirone, M. A. and Negretti, Antonio and Schmiedmayer, J{\"o}rg and Calarco, Tommaso}, title = {Theoretical analysis of a realistic atom-chip quantum gate}, issn = {1050-2947}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We present a detailed, realistic analysis of the implementation of a proposal for a quantum phase gate based on atomic vibrational states, specializing it to neutral rubidium atoms on atom chips. We show how to create a double-well potential with static currents on the atom chips, using for all relevant parameters values that are achieved with present technology. The potential barrier between the two wells can be modified by varying the currents in order to realize a quantum phase gate for qubit states encoded in the atomic external degree of freedom. The gate performance is analyzed through numerical simulations; the operation time is similar to 10 ms with a performance fidelity above 99.9\%. For storage of the state between the operations the qubit state can be transferred efficiently via Raman transitions to two hyperfine states, where its decoherence is strongly inhibited. In addition we discuss the limits imposed by the proximity of the surface to the gate fidelity.}, language = {en} } @article{HarutyunyanSchulze2006, author = {Harutyunyan, Gohar and Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang}, title = {The Zaremba problem with singular interfaces as a corner boundary value problem}, series = {Potential analysis : an international journal devoted to the interactions between potential theory, probability theory, geometry and functional analysis}, volume = {25}, journal = {Potential analysis : an international journal devoted to the interactions between potential theory, probability theory, geometry and functional analysis}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0926-2601}, doi = {10.1007/s11118-006-9020-6}, pages = {327 -- 369}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We study mixed boundary value problems for an elliptic operator A on a manifold X with boundary Y, i.e., Au = f in int X, T (+/-) u = g(+/-) on int Y+/-, where Y is subdivided into subsets Y+/- with an interface Z and boundary conditions T+/- on Y+/- that are Shapiro-Lopatinskij elliptic up to Z from the respective sides. We assume that Z subset of Y is a manifold with conical singularity v. As an example we consider the Zaremba problem, where A is the Laplacian and T- Dirichlet, T+ Neumann conditions. The problem is treated as a corner boundary value problem near v which is the new point and the main difficulty in this paper. Outside v the problem belongs to the edge calculus as is shown in Bull. Sci. Math. ( to appear). With a mixed problem we associate Fredholm operators in weighted corner Sobolev spaces with double weights, under suitable edge conditions along Z {v} of trace and potential type. We construct parametrices within the calculus and establish the regularity of solutions.}, language = {en} } @article{HazanSennemaFaulkneretal.2006, author = {Hazan, Valerie and Sennema, Anke and Faulkner, Andrew and Ortega-Llebaria, Marta and Iba, Midori and Chung, Hyunsong}, title = {The use of visual cues in the perception of non-native consonant contrasts}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.2166611}, year = {2006}, abstract = {This study assessed the extent to which second-language learners are sensitive to phonetic information contained in visual cues when identifying a non-native phonemic contrast. In experiment 1, Spanish and Japanese learners of English were tested on their perception of a labial/labiodental consonant contrast in audio (A), visual (V), and audio-visual (AV) modalities. Spanish students showed better performance overall, and much greater sensitivity to visual cues than Japanese students. Both learner groups achieved higher scores in the A V than in the A test condition, thus showing evidence of audio-visual benefit. Experiment 2 examined the perception of the less visually-salient /1/-/r/ contrast in Japanese and Korean learners of English. Korean learners obtained much higher scores in auditory and audio- visual conditions than in the visual condition, while Japanese learners generally performed poorly in both modalities. Neither. group showed evidence of audio-visual benefit. These results show the impact of the language background of the learner and visual salience of the contrast on the use of visual cues for a non-native contrast. Significant correlations between scores in the auditory and visual conditions suggest that increasing auditory proficiency in identifying a non-native contrast is linked with an increasing proficiency in using visual cues to the contrast.}, language = {en} } @article{LeitererLeitenbergerEmmerlingetal.2006, author = {Leiterer, York and Leitenberger, Wolfram and Emmerling, Franziska and Th{\"u}nemann, Andreas F. and Panne, Ulrich}, title = {The use of an acoustic levitator to follow crystallization in small droplets by energydispersive X-ray diffraction}, issn = {0021-8898}, doi = {10.1107/S0021889806024915}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{StroheAchsani2006, author = {Strohe, Hans Gerhard and Achsani, Noer Azam}, title = {The transmission of economic fluctuations between Russia, Europe, Asia and North America}, isbn = {3-540-24183-3}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{ThomasWebsterRhedeetal.2006, author = {Thomas, Rainer and Webster, J. D. and Rhede, Dieter and Seifert, W. and Rickers, Karen and F{\"o}rster, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Heinrich, Wilhelm and Davidson, P.}, title = {The transition from peraluminous to peralkaline granitic melts: Evidence from melt inclusions and accessory minerals}, series = {Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry}, volume = {91}, journal = {Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry}, number = {1-4}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0024-4937}, doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.013}, pages = {137 -- 149}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Fractional crystallization of peraluminous F- and H(2)O-rich granite magmas progressively enriches the remaining melt with volatiles. We show that, at saturation, the melt may separate into two immiscible conjugate melt fractions, one of the fractions shows increasing peraluminosity and the other increasing peralkalinity. These melt fractions also fractionate the incompatible elements to significantly different degrees. Coexisting melt fractions have differing chemical and physical properties and, due to their high density and viscosity contrasts, they will tend to separate readily from each other. Once separated, each melt fraction evolves independently in response to changing T/P/X conditions and further immiscibility events may occur, each generating its own conjugate pair of melt fractions. The strongly peralkaline melt fractions in particular are very reactive and commonly react until equilibrium is attained. Consequently, the peralkaline melt fraction is commonly preserved only in the isolated melt and mineral inclusions. We demonstrate that the differences between melt fractions that can be seen most clearly in differing melt inclusion compositions are also visible in the composition of the resulting ore-forming and accessory minerals, and are visible on scales from a few micrometers to hundreds of meters.}, language = {en} } @book{Schulze2006, author = {Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang}, title = {The structure of operators on manifolds with polyhedral singularities}, series = {Preprint / Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Institut f{\"u}r Mathematik, Arbeitsgruppe Partiell}, journal = {Preprint / Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, Institut f{\"u}r Mathematik, Arbeitsgruppe Partiell}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1437-739X}, pages = {131 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @unpublished{Schulze2006, author = {Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang}, title = {The structure of operators on manifolds with polyhedral singularities}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-30099}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We discuss intuitive ideas and historical background of concepts in the analysis on configurations with singularities, here in connection with our iterative approach for higher singularities.}, language = {en} } @article{Vogel2006, author = {Vogel, Ralf}, title = {The simple generator}, series = {Linguistics in Potsdam}, journal = {Linguistics in Potsdam}, number = {25}, issn = {1616-7392}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32338}, pages = {99 -- 136}, year = {2006}, abstract = {I argue that the shift of explanatory burden from the generator to the evaluator in OT syntax - together with the difficulties that arise when we try to formulate a working theory of the interfaces of syntax - leads to a number of assumptions about syntactic structures in OT which are quite different from those typical of minimalist syntax: formal features, as driving forces behind syntactic movement, are useless, and derivational and representational economy are problematic for both empirical and conceptual reasons. The notion of markedness, central in Optimality Theory, is not fully compatible with the idea of synactic economy. Even more so, seemingly obvious cases of blocking by structural economy do not seem to result from grammar proper, but reflect (economical) aspects of language use.}, language = {en} } @article{ChenReger2006, author = {Chen, Xiangdong D. and Reger, Guido}, title = {The role of technology in the investment of German firms in China}, issn = {0166-4972}, doi = {10.1016/j.technovation.2004.11.009}, year = {2006}, abstract = {China, as being the largest foreign direct investment (FDI) host country in the world and the leading developing country in terms of volume of FDI inflows, has been increasingly attracting international attention from companies and policy makers. As more and more German manufacturing companies move into China, the investment is becoming larger in size and of higher quality. In the meantime, issues of the motives and nature of German FDI in China and related technological activities are developed to a more important topic for both Chinese and overseas researchers. This paper aims at the analysis and explanation of FDI movement driven by German companies in China and the role of technology hereby. Our research includes a literature review, a database analysis and a mail survey on German firms investing in China. Different indicators suggest that the motives for German FDI are long-term based and are deeply market-oriented, which can be characterised through seeking new markets and enlarging market shares. Technology transfer is therefore mainly dedicated to production and managerial facilities.}, language = {en} } @article{HuberGaedke2006, author = {Huber, Veronika and Gaedke, Ursula}, title = {The role of predation for seasonal variability patterns among phytoplankton and ciliates}, issn = {0030-1299}, doi = {10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14753.x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Investigating the mechanisms which underlie the biomass fluctuations of populations and communities is important to better understand the processes which buffer community biomass in a variable environment. Based on long- term data of plankton biomass in Lake Constance (Bodensee), this study aims at explaining the different degree of synchrony among populations observed within two freshwater plankton groups, phytoplankton and ciliates. Established measures of temporal variability such as the variance ratio and cross-correlation coefficients were combined with first- order autoregressive models that allow estimating species interactions from time-series data. We found that predation was an important driver of the observed seasonal variability patterns in phytoplankton and ciliates, and that competitive interactions only played a subordinate role. In Lake Constance copepods and cladocerans, two major invertebrate predator groups, focus their grazing pressure at different times of the season. Model results suggested that compensatory dynamics detected in phytoplankton originate from the differential vulnerability of species to either one of these two predator groups. For ciliates model results advocated that synchrony among species occurs because ciliates tend to be vulnerable to both predator groups. Our findings underline the necessity of extending studies of community variability to multiple trophic levels because accounting for predator-prey interactions may often be more important than accounting for competitive interactions at one trophic level}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dominis2006, author = {Dominis, Dijana}, title = {The role of binary stars in searches for extrasolar planets by microlensing and astrometry}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10814}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {When Galactic microlensing events of stars are observed, one usually measures a symmetric light curve corresponding to a single lens, or an asymmetric light curve, often with caustic crossings, in the case of a binary lens system. In principle, the fraction of binary stars at a certain separation range can be estimated based on the number of measured microlensing events. However, a binary system may produce a light curve which can be fitted well as a single lens light curve, in particullary if the data sampling is poor and the errorbars are large. We investigate what fraction of microlensing events produced by binary stars for different separations may be well fitted by and hence misinterpreted as single lens events for various observational conditions. We find that this fraction strongly depends on the separation of the binary components, reaching its minimum at between 0.6 and 1.0 Einstein radius, where it is still of the order of 5\% The Einstein radius is corresponding to few A.U. for typical Galactic microlensing scenarios. The rate for misinterpretation is higher for short microlensing events lasting up to few months and events with smaller maximum amplification. For fixed separation it increases for binaries with more extreme mass ratios. Problem of degeneracy in photometric light curve solution between binary lens and binary source microlensing events was studied on simulated data, and data observed by the PLANET collaboration. The fitting code BISCO using the PIKAIA genetic algorithm optimizing routine was written for optimizing binary-source microlensing light curves observed at different sites, in I, R and V photometric bands. Tests on simulated microlensing light curves show that BISCO is successful in finding the solution to a binary-source event in a very wide parameter space. Flux ratio method is suggested in this work for breaking degeneracy between binary-lens and binary-source photometric light curves. Models show that only a few additional data points in photometric V band, together with a full light curve in I band, will enable breaking the degeneracy. Very good data quality and dense data sampling, combined with accurate binary lens and binary source modeling, yielded the discovery of the lowest-mass planet discovered outside of the Solar System so far, OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, having only 5.5 Earth masses. This was the first observed microlensing event in which the degeneracy between a planetary binary-lens and an extreme flux ratio binary-source model has been successfully broken. For events OGLE-2003-BLG-222 and OGLE-2004-BLG-347, the degeneracy was encountered despite of very dense data sampling. From light curve modeling and stellar evolution theory, there was a slight preference to explain OGLE-2003-BLG-222 as a binary source event, and OGLE-2004-BLG-347 as a binary lens event. However, without spectra, this degeneracy cannot be fully broken. No planet was found so far around a white dwarf, though it is believed that Jovian planets should survive the late stages of stellar evolution, and that white dwarfs will retain planetary systems in wide orbits. We want to perform high precision astrometric observations of nearby white dwarfs in wide binary systems with red dwarfs in order to find planets around white dwarfs. We selected a sample of observing targets (WD-RD binary systems, not published yet), which can possibly have planets around the WD component, and modeled synthetic astrometric orbits which can be observed for these targets using existing and future astrometric facilities. Modeling was performed for the astrometric accuracy of 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mas, separation between WD and planet of 3 and 5 A.U., binary system separation of 30 A.U., planet masses of 10 Earth masses, 1 and 10 Jupiter masses, WD mass of 0.5M and 1.0 Solar masses, and distances to the system of 10, 20 and 30 pc. It was found that the PRIMA facility at the VLTI will be able to detect planets around white dwarfs once it is operating, by measuring the astrometric wobble of the WD due to a planet companion, down to 1 Jupiter mass. We show for the simulated observations that it is possible to model the orbits and find the parameters describing the potential planetary systems.}, subject = {Mikrogravitationslinseneffekt}, language = {en} } @article{HarlovJohanssonVanDenKerkhofetal.2006, author = {Harlov, Daniel E. and Johansson, L. and Van Den Kerkhof, A. and F{\"o}rster, Hans-J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The role of advective fluid flow and diffusion during localized, solid-state dehydration : Sondrum Stenhuggeriet, Halmstad, SW Sweden}, issn = {0022-3530}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A localized dehydration zone, Sondrum stone quarry, Halmstad, SW Sweden, consists of a central, 1 m wide granitic pegmatoid dyke, on either side of which extends a 2.5-3 m wide dehydration zone (650-700 degrees C; 800 MPa; orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-biotite-amphibole-garnet) overprinting a local migmatized granitic gneiss (amphibole-biotite- garnet). Whole-rock chemistry indicates that dehydration of the granitic gneiss was predominantly isochemical. Exceptions include [Y + heavy rare earth elements (HREE)], Ba, Sr, and F, which are markedly depleted throughout the dehydration zone. Systematic trends in the silicate and fluorapatite mineral chemistry across the dehydration zone include depletion in Fe, (Y + HREE), Na, K, F, and Cl, and enrichment in Mg, Mn, Ca, and Ti. Fluid inclusion chemistry is similar in all three zones and indicates the presence of a fluid containing CO2, NaCl, and H2O components. Water activities in the dehydration zone average 0.36, or XH2O = 0.25. All lines of evidence suggest that the formation of the dehydration zone was due to advective transport of a CO2-rich fluid with a minor NaCl brine component originating from a tectonic fracture. Fluid infiltration resulted in the localized partial breakdown of biotite and amphiboles to pyroxenes releasing Ti and Ca, which were partitioned into the remaining biotite and amphibole, as well as uniform depletion in (Y + HREE), Ba, Sr, Cl, and F. At some later stage, H2O-rich fluids (H2O activity > 0.8) gave rise to localized partial melting and the probable injection of a granitic melt into the tectonic fracture, which resulted in the biotite and amphibole recording a diffusion profile for F across the dehydration zone into the granitic gneiss as well as a diffusion profile in Fe, Mn, and Mg for all Fe-Mg silicate minerals within 100 cm of the pegmatoid dyke}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mueller2006, author = {M{\"u}ller, Dana}, title = {The representation of numbers in space : a journey along the mental number line}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12949}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The present thesis deals with the mental representation of numbers in space. Generally it is assumed that numbers are mentally represented on a mental number line along which they ordered in a continuous and analogical manner. Dehaene, Bossini and Giraux (1993) found that the mental number line is spatially oriented from left­-to­-right. Using a parity­-judgment task they observed faster left-hand responses for smaller numbers and faster right-hand responses for larger numbers. This effect has been labelled as Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect. The first study of the present thesis deals with the question whether the spatial orientation of the mental number line derives from the writing system participants are adapted to. According to a strong ontogenetic interpretation the SNARC effect should only obtain for effectors closely related to the comprehension and production of written language (hands and eyes). We asked participants to indicate the parity status of digits by pressing a pedal with their left or right foot. In contrast to the strong ontogenetic view we observed a pedal SNARC effect which did not differ from the manual SNARC effect. In the second study we evaluated whether the SNARC effect reflects an association of numbers and extracorporal space or an association of numbers and hands. To do so we varied the spatial arrangement of the response buttons (vertical vs. horizontal) and the instruction (hand­related vs. button­-related). For vertically arranged buttons and a button­related instruction we found a button-­related SNARC effect. In contrast, for a hand-­related instruction we obtained a hand­-related SNARC effect. For horizontally arranged buttons and a hand­related instruction, however, we found a button­related SNARC effect. The results of the first to studies were interpreted in terms of weak ontogenetic view. In the third study we aimed to examine the functional locus of the SNARC effect. We used the psychological refractory period paradigm. In the first experiment participants first indicated the pitch of a tone and then the parity status of a digit (locus­-of-­slack paradigma). In a second experiment the order of stimulus presentation and thus tasks changed (effect­-propagation paradigm). The results led us conclude that the SNARC effect arises while the response is centrally selected. In our fourth study we test for an association of numbers and time. We asked participants to compare two serially presented digits. Participants were faster to compare ascending digit pairs (e.g., 2-­3) than descending pairs (e.g., 3-­2). The pattern of our results was interpreted in terms of forward­associations ("1­-2-­3") as formed by our ubiquitous cognitive routines to count of objects or events.}, language = {en} } @article{HarutjunjanSchulze2006, author = {Harutjunjan, Gohar and Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang}, title = {The relative index for corner singularities}, issn = {0378-620X}, doi = {10.1007/s00020-005-1367-3}, year = {2006}, abstract = {We study pseudo-differential operators on a cylinder R x B where B has conical singularities. Configurations of that kind are the local model of corner singularities with cross section B. Operators in our calculus are assumed to have symbols a which are meromorphic in the complex covariable with values in the algebra of all cone operators on B. We show an explicit formula for solutions of the homogeneous equation if a is independent of the axial variable t is an element of R. Each non-bijectivity point of the symbol in the complex plane corresponds to a finite-dimensional space of solutions. Moreover, we give a relative index formula}, language = {en} } @article{SchmitzHoehleMuelleretal.2006, author = {Schmitz, Michaela and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and M{\"u}ller, Anja and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The recognition of the prosodic focus position in German-Learning Infants from 4 to 14 Months}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{SchmitzHoehleMuelleretal.2006, author = {Schmitz, Michaela and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and M{\"u}ller, Anja and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The recognition of the prosodic focus position in German-learning infants from 4 to 14 months}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19566}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The aim of the present study was to elucidate in a study with 4-, 6-, 8-, and 14-month-old German-learning children, when and how they may acquire the regularities which underlie Focus-to-Stress Alignment (FSA) in the target language, that is, how prosody is associated with specific communicative functions. Our findings suggest, that 14-month-olds have already found out that German allows for variable focus positions, after having gone through a development which goes from a predominantly prosodically driven processing of the input to a processing where prosody interacts more and more with the growing lexical and syntactic knowledge of the child.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoehleSchmitzMuelleretal.2006, author = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schmitz, Michaela and M{\"u}ller, Anja and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The recognition of discontinuous verbal dependencies by German 19-month-olds : evidence for lexical and structural influences on children's early processing capacities}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16297}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Recent work has shown that English-learning 18-month-olds can detect the relationship between discontinuous morphemes such as is and -ing in Grandma is always running (Gomez, 2002; Santelmann \& Jusczyk, 1998) but only at a maximum of 3 intervening syllables. In this article we examine the tracking of discontinuous dependencies in children acquiring German. Due to freer word order, German allows for greater distances between dependent elements and a greater syntactic variety of the intervening elements than English does. The aim of this study was to investigate whether factors other than distance may influence the child's capacity to recognize discontinuous elements. Our findings provide evidence that children's recognition capacities are affected not only by distance but also by their ability to linguistically analyze the material intervening between the dependent elements. We speculate that this result supports the existence of processing mechanisms that reduce a discontinuous relation to a local one based on subcategorization relations.}, language = {en} } @article{HoehleSchmitzSantelmannetal.2006, author = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schmitz, M. and Santelmann, L. M. and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The recognition of discontinuous verbal dependencies by German 19-month-olds : evidence for lexical and structural influences on childrens early processing capacities}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{LiXu2006, author = {Li, Xianhua and Xu, Mingyao}, title = {The primitive permutation groups of degree 2(a)center dot 3(b)}, issn = {0003-889X}, doi = {10.1007/s00013-005-1494-8}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this paper, we give a complete classification of all finite simple groups with maximal subgroups of index n, where n = 2(a)center dot 3b for a, b >= 1. As a consequence, for such n, all primitive permutation groups of degree n are given. The motivation of this work comes also from a study of Cayley graphs of certain valency on a finite simple group}, language = {en} } @article{KonradSchmolkeBabistHandyetal.2006, author = {Konrad-Schmolke, Matthias and Babist, Jochen and Handy, Mark R. and O'brien, Patrick J.}, title = {The physico-chemical properties of a subducted slab from garnet zonation patterns (Sesia Zone, Western Alps)}, series = {Journal of petrology}, volume = {47}, journal = {Journal of petrology}, number = {11}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3530}, doi = {10.1093/petrology/egl039}, pages = {2123 -- 2148}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Garnets in continentally derived high-pressure (HP) rocks of the Sesia Zone (Western Alps) exhibit three different chemical zonation patterns, depending on sample locality. Comparison of observed garnet zonation patterns with thermodynamically modelled patterns shows that the different patterns are caused by differences in the water content of the subducted protoliths during prograde metamorphism. Zonation patterns of garnets in water-saturated host rocks show typical prograde chemical zonations with steadily increasing pyrope content and increasing XMg, together with bell-shaped spessartine patterns. In contrast, garnets in water-undersaturated rocks have more complex zonation patterns with a characteristic decrease in pyrope and XMg between core and inner rim. In some cases, garnets show an abrupt compositional change in core-to-rim profiles, possibly due to water-undersaturation prior to HP metamorphism. Garnets from both water-saturated and water-undersaturated rocks show signs of intervening growth interruptions and core resorption. This growth interruption results from bulk-rock depletion caused by fractional garnet crystallization. The water content during burial influences significantly the physical properties of the subducted rocks. Due to enhanced garnet crystallization, water-undersaturated rocks, i.e. those lacking a free fluid phase, become denser than their water-saturated equivalents, facilitating the subduction of continental material. Although water-bearing phases such as phengite and epidote are stable up to eclogite-facies conditions in these rocks, dehydration reactions during subduction are lacking in water-undersaturated rocks up to the transition to the eclogite facies, due to the thermodynamic stability of such hydrous phases at high P-T conditions. Our calculations show that garnet zonation patterns strongly depend on the mineral parageneses stable during garnet growth and that certain co-genetic mineral assemblages cause distinct garnet zonation patterns. This observation enables interpretation of complex garnet growth zonation patterns in terms of garnet-forming reactions and water content during HP metamorphism, as well determination of detailed P-T paths.}, language = {en} } @article{Changphas2006, author = {Changphas, Thawhat}, title = {The order of hypersubstitutions of type tau = (3)}, issn = {1005-3867}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Hypersubstitutions were introduced in [3] as a way of making precise the concepts of hyperidentity and M- hyperidentity. The monoid of hypersubstitutions has been widely studied by many authors. Knowledge of the monoid of hypersubstitutions can be applied to the concept of M-hyperidentities. In this paper, we show that the order of hypersubstitutions of type tau = (3) is 1, 2, 3 or infinite}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kopka2006, author = {Kopka, Claudia}, title = {The nucleoside diphosphate kinases - a small gene family involved in the energyphosphotransfer of arabidopsis thaliana}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {133 Bl. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Hacken2006, author = {Hacken, Pius ten}, title = {The nature, use and origin of explanatory adequacy}, series = {Linguistics in Potsdam}, journal = {Linguistics in Potsdam}, number = {25}, issn = {1616-7392}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-32297}, pages = {9 -- 32}, year = {2006}, abstract = {If we want to compare the explanatory and descriptive adequacy of the MP and OT, the original definitions by Chomsky (1964) are or little direct use. However, a relativized version of both notions can be defined, which can be used to express a number of parallels between the study of individual I-languages and the language faculty. In any version of explanatory and descriptive adequacy, the two notions derive from the research programme and can only be achieved together. They can therefore not be used to characterize the difference in orientation between OT and the MP. Even if 'OT' is restricted to a particular theory in Chomskyan linguistics (to the exclusion of, for instance, its use in LFG), it cannot be said to be stronger in descriptive adequacy than in explanatory adequacy in the technical sense of these terms.}, language = {en} } @article{AlbersSpahn2006, author = {Albers, Nicole and Spahn, Frank}, title = {The influence of particle adhesion on the stability of agglomerates in Saturn's rings}, issn = {0019-1035}, doi = {10.1016/j.icarus.2005.10.011}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In planetary rings, binary collisions and mutual gravity are the predominant particle interactions. Based on a viscoelastic contact model we implement the concept of static adhesion. We discuss the collision dynamics and obtain a threshold velocity for restitution or agglomeration to occur. The latter takes place within a range of a few cm s(-1) for icy grains at low temperatures. The stability of such two-body agglomerates bound by adhesion and gravity in a tidal environment is discussed and applied to the saturnian system. A maximal agglomerate size for a given orbit location is obtained. In this way we are able to resolve the borderline of the zone where agglomerates can exist as a function of the agglomerate size and thus gain an alternative to the classical Roche limit. An increasing ring grain size with distance to Saturn as observed by the VIMS-experiment on board the Cassini spacecraft can be found by our estimates and implications for the saturnian system will be addressed.}, language = {en} } @article{ZimmermannElsenbeerdeMoraes2006, author = {Zimmermann, Beate and Elsenbeer, Helmut and de Moraes, Jorge M.}, title = {The influence of land-use changes on soil hydraulic properties : implications for runoff generation}, issn = {0378-1127}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.070}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Green2006, author = {Green, Antony Dubach}, title = {The independence of phonology and morphology: The Celtic mutations}, series = {Lingua : international review of general linguistics}, volume = {116}, journal = {Lingua : international review of general linguistics}, number = {11}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0024-3841}, doi = {10.1016/j.lingua.2004.09.002}, pages = {1946 -- 1985}, year = {2006}, abstract = {One of the most important insights of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky, 1993) is that phonological processes can be reduced to the interaction between faithfulness and universal markedness principles. In the most constrained version of the theory, all phonological processes should be thus reducible. This hypothesis is tested by alternations that appear to be phonological but in which universal markedness principles appear to play no role. If we are to pursue the claim that all phonological processes depend on the interaction of faithfulness and markedness, then processes that are not dependent on markedness must lie outside phonology. In this paper I will examine a group of such processes, the initial consonant mutations of the Celtic languages, and argue that they belong entirely to the morphology of the languages, not the phonology.}, language = {en} } @article{BeauvalHainzlScherbaum2006, author = {Beauval, Celine and Hainzl, Sebastian and Scherbaum, Frank}, title = {The impact of the spatial uniform distribution of seismicity on probabilistic seismic-hazard estimation}, series = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, volume = {96}, journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America}, number = {6}, publisher = {GeoScienceWorld}, address = {Alexandria, Va.}, issn = {0037-1106}, doi = {10.1785/0120060073}, pages = {2465 -- 2471}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The first step in the estimation of probabilistic seismic hazard in a region commonly consists of the definition and characterization of the relevant seismic sources. Because in low-seismicity regions seismicity is often rather diffuse and faults are difficult to identify, large areal source zones are mostly used. The corresponding hypothesis is that seismicity is uniformly distributed inside each areal seismic source zone. In this study, the impact of this hypothesis on the probabilistic hazard estimation is quantified through the generation of synthetic spatial seismicity distributions. Fractal seismicity distributions are generated inside a given source zone and probabilistic hazard is computed for a set of sites located inside this zone. In our study, the impact of the spatial seismicity distribution is defined as the deviation from the hazard value obtained for a spatially uniform seismicity distribution. From the generation of a large number of synthetic distributions, the correlation between the fractal dimension D and the impact is derived. The results show that the assumption of spatially uniform seismicity tends to bias the hazard to higher values. The correlation can be used to determine the systematic biases and uncertainties for hazard estimations in real cases, where the fractal dimension has been determined. We apply the technique in Germany (Cologne area) and in France (Alps).}, language = {en} } @article{PelzerHoehle2006, author = {Pelzer, Lydia and H{\"o}hle, Barbara}, title = {The impact of morphological markers on infants' and adults' speech processing}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @misc{LouMaLinetal.2006, author = {Lou, Ying and Ma, Hui and Lin, Wen-Hui and Chu, Zhao-Quing and M{\"u}ller-R{\"o}ber, Bernd and Xu, Zhi-Hong and Xue, Hong-Wei}, title = {The highly charged region of plant beta-type phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase is involved in membrane targeting and phospholipid binding}, issn = {0167-4412}, doi = {10.1007/s11103-005-5548-x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa, two types of PI 4-kinase (PI4Ks) have been isolated and functionally characterized. The alpha-type PI4Ks (similar to 220 kDa) contain a PH domain, which is lacking in beta-type PI4Ks (similar to 120 kDa). beta-Type PI4Ks, exemplified by Arabidopsis AtPI4K beta and rice OsPI4K2, contain a highly charged repetitive segment designated PPC (Plant PI4K Charged) region, which is an unique domain only found in plant beta-type PI4Ks at present. The PPC region has a length of similar to 300 amino acids and harboring 11 (AtPI4K beta) and 14 (OsPI4K2) repeats, respectively, of a 20-aa motif. Studies employing a modified yeast-based "Sequence of Membrane- Targeting Detection'' system demonstrate that the PPC(OsPI4K2) region, as well as the former 8 and latter 6 repetitive motifs within the PPC region, are able to target fusion proteins to the plasma membrane. Further detection on the transiently expressed GFP fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells showed that the PPC(OsPI4K2) region alone, as well as the region containing repetitive motifs 1-8, was able to direct GFP to the plasma membrane, while the regions containing less repetitive motifs, i.e. 6, 4, 2 or single motif(s) led to predominantly intracellular localization. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of PPC-GFP fusion protein further confirms the membrane-targeting capacities of PPC region. In addition, the predominant plasma membrane localization of AtPI4Kb was mediated by the PPC region. Recombinant PPC peptide, expressed in E. coli, strongly binds phosphatidic acid, PI and PI4P, but not phosphatidylcholine, PI5P, or PI(4,5) P-2 in vitro, providing insights into potential mechanisms for regulating sub- cellular localization and lipid binding for the plant beta-type PI4Ks}, language = {en} } @article{LattemannSoerenStieglitz2006, author = {Lattemann, Christoph and Soeren, Kupke and Stieglitz, Stefan}, title = {The Governance of virtual corporations}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The concept of the virtual corporation (VC), which describes a modern form of collaboration among organizations, was introduced in the scientific discussion in the mid 1990th. The practice shows that VCs need new forms of governance because the traditional mechanisms of control, management, and steering are hardly applicable. Until now there is only a few research related to the question how to govern VC. The main problems to govern a VC are to coordinate the communication among dispersed partners and to motivate employees to actively involve themselves into the network. Open source projects are confronted with similar problems. As several governance mechanisms are already analyzed in this context, the authors analyze and adopt governance concepts from open source projects to extract a governance framework for virtual corporations. This new approach leads to innovative insights in governing virtual corporations by using community techniques as an appropriate way for communication and collaboration purposes.}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-11759, title = {The Governance of services of general interest between state, market and society}, editor = {Reichard, Christoph and Mussari, Riccardo and Kupke, S{\"o}ren}, publisher = {WVB Wiss.-Verl.}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {3-86573-208-9}, pages = {252 S.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{StalzRothSchleuderetal.2006, author = {Stalz, Holger and Roth, Udo and Schleuder, Detlev and Macht, Marcus and Haebel, Sophie and Strupat, Kerstin and Peter-Katalinic, Jasna and Hanisch, Franz-Georg}, title = {The Geodia cydonium galectin exhibits prototype and chimera-type characteristics and a unique sequence polymorphism within its carbohydrate recognition domain}, doi = {10.1093/glycob/cwj086}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The ancestral galectin from the sponge Geodia cydonium (GCG) is classified on a structural basis to the prototype subfamily, whereas its carbohydrate-binding specificity is related to that of the mammalian chimera-type galectin-3. This dual coordination reveals GCG as a potential precursor of the later evolved galectin subfamilies, which is reflected in the primary structure of the protein. This study provides evidence that GCG is the LECT1 gene product, while neither a previously described LECT2 gene nor a functional LECT2 gene product was found in the specimen under investigation. The electrophoretically separated protein isomers with apparent molecular masses of 13, 15, and 16 kDa correspond to variants of the LECT1 protein-exhibiting peptide sequence polymorphisms that concern critical positions of the carbohydrate recognition domain (13 kDa: Leu51, Asn55, His130, Gly137; 15 kDa: Ser51, Asn55, Asn130, Gly137; 16 kDa: Ser51, Tyr55, Asn130, Glu137). Four residues, highly conserved in the galectin family, are substituted. None of the residues claimed to be involved in interactions with GalNAc alpha 1-3 moieties at an extended binding subsite of galectin-3 was identified in the corresponding positions of GCG. Apparently, the substitutions do not confer distinct binding characteristics to the GCG variants as evidenced by binding studies with a recombinantly expressed 15-kDa isoform. The natural isoforms as well as the recombinant 15-kDa isoform oligomerize by the formation of non-covalent heteromeric or homomeric complexes. A phosphorylation of the galectin was confirmed neither by mass spectrometry nor by alkaline phosphatase treatment combined with isoelectric focusing}, language = {en} } @article{HamannGraefenerLiermann2006, author = {Hamann, Wolf-Rainer and Graefener, G. and Liermann, A.}, title = {The galactic WN stars - Spectral analyses with line-blanketed model atmospheres versus stellar evolution models with and without rotation}, series = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, volume = {457}, journal = {Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal}, number = {3}, publisher = {EDP Sciences}, address = {Les Ulis}, issn = {0004-6361}, doi = {10.1051/0004-6361:20065052}, pages = {1015 -- 1031}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Context. Very massive stars pass through the Wolf-Rayet (WR) stage before they finally explode. Details of their evolution have not yet been safely established, and their physics are not well understood. Their spectral analysis requires adequate model atmospheres, which have been developed step by step during the past decades and account in their recent version for line blanketing by the millions of lines from iron and iron-group elements. However, only very few WN stars have been re-analyzed by means of line-blanketed models yet. Aims. The quantitative spectral analysis of a large sample of Galactic WN stars with the most advanced generation of model atmospheres should provide an empirical basis for various studies about the origin, evolution, and physics of the Wolf-Rayet stars and their powerful winds. Methods. We analyze a large sample of Galactic WN stars by means of the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmospheres, which account for iron line blanketing and clumping. The results are compared with a synthetic population, generated from the Geneva tracks for massive star evolution. Results. We obtain a homogeneous set of stellar and atmospheric parameters for the GalacticWN stars, partly revising earlier results. Conclusions. Comparing the results of our spectral analyses of the Galactic WN stars with the predictions of the Geneva evolutionary calculations, we conclude that there is rough qualitative agreement. However, the quantitative discrepancies are still severe, and there is no preference for the tracks that account for the effects of rotation. It seems that the evolution of massive stars is still not satisfactorily understood.}, language = {en} } @article{Schubert2006, author = {Schubert, Hans-Joachim}, title = {The Foundations of Pragmatistic Sociology : George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{HoldtMuellerPotteretal.2006, author = {Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and M{\"u}ller, Holger and Potter, Matthias and Kelling, Alexandra and Schilde, Uwe and Starke, Ines and Heydenreich, Matthias and Kleinpeter, Erich}, title = {The first sandwich complex with an octa(thioether) coordination sphere : Bis(maleonitrile-tetrathia-12-crown- 4)silver(I)}, issn = {1434-1948}, doi = {10.1002/ejic.200501109}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The new tetrathiacrown ethers maleonitrile-tetrathia-12-crown-4 (mn12S(4)) and maleonitrile-tetrathia-13-crown- 4 (mn13S(4)) have been prepared and characterised by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These crown ethers form 2:1, 3:2 and 1: 1 complexes with AgY (Y = BF4, PF6). The crystal structures of [Ag(mn12S(4))(2)]BF4 (3a), [Ag(mn13S(4))(2)]BF4 (4a) and [Ag-2(mn13S(4))(3)](PF6)(2) (6b) have been determined. Compound 3a contains the centrosymmetric sandwich complex cation [Ag(mn12S(4))(2)](+) where each mn12S(4) ligand is coordinated to the Ag centre in an endo manner through all four S atoms. The 2:1 complex [Ag(mn12S(4))(2)](+) is the first sandwich complex with a tetrathiacrown ether and the first complex with an octa(thioether) coordination sphere. The crystal structure of compound 4a also reveals a 2:1 complex. This complex, [Ag(mnl3S(4))(2)](+), exhibits a half-sandwich structure. One mn13S(4) ligand coordinates to Ag+ by all four S donor atoms and the other 13S(4) crown by only one S atom. Compound 6b contains a dinuclear Ag complex. The Ag complexes 3a,b-8a,b were also studied by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) was used to compare the relative stability of 2:1 complexes [AgL2]+ and 1:1 complexes [AgL](+) (L = mn12S(4), mn13S(4)). The C-13 NMR chemical shifts of 2:1 and 1:1 Ag complexes and their corresponding free ligands were also estimated and compared. The free energy of the barrier of ring inversion (Delta G(double dagger)) for [Ag(mn12S(4))(2)](+) was determined to be 64 kJmol(-1).}, language = {en} } @article{MeinelKlotz2006, author = {Meinel, Christoph and Klotz, Volker}, title = {The first 10 years of the ECCC digital library}, doi = {10.1145/1107458.1107484}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{ScherbaumCottonStaedtke2006, author = {Scherbaum, Frank and Cotton, Fabrice Pierre and Staedtke, Helmut}, title = {The estimation of minimum-misfit stochastic models from empirical ground-motion prediction equations}, doi = {10.1785/0120050015}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In areas of moderate to low seismic activity there is commonly a lack of recorded strong ground motion. As a consequence, the prediction of ground motion expected for hypothetical future earthquakes is often performed by employing empirical models from other regions. In this context, Campbell's hybrid empirical approach (Campbell, 2003, 2004) provides a methodological framework to adapt ground-motion prediction equations to arbitrary target regions by using response spectral host-to-target-region-conversion filters. For this purpose, the empirical ground-motion prediction equation has to be quantified in terms of a stochastic model. The problem we address here is how to do this in a systematic way and how to assess the corresponding uncertainties. For the determination of the model parameters we use a genetic algorithm search. The stochastic model spectra were calculated by using a speed-optimized version of SMSIM (Boore, 2000). For most of the empirical ground-motion models, we obtain sets of stochastic models that match the empirical models within the full magnitude and distance ranges of their generating data sets fairly well. The overall quality of fit and the resulting model parameter sets strongly depend on the particular choice of the distance metric used for the stochastic model. We suggest the use of the hypocentral distance metric for the stochastic Simulation of strong ground motion because it provides the lowest-misfit stochastic models for most empirical equations. This is in agreement with the results of two recent studies of hypocenter locations in finite-source models which indicate that hypocenters are often located close to regions of large slip (Mai et al., 2005; Manighetti et al., 2005). Because essentially all empirical ground-motion prediction equations contain data from different geographical regions, the model parameters corresponding to the lowest-misfit stochastic models cannot necessarily be expected to represent single, physically realizable host regions but to model the generating data sets in an average way. In addition, the differences between the lowest-misfit stochastic models and the empirical ground-motion prediction equation are strongly distance, magnitude, and frequency dependent, which, according to the laws of uncertainty propagation, will increase the variance of the corresponding hybrid empirical model predictions (Scherbaum et al., 2005). As a consequence, the selection of empirical ground-motion models for host-to-target-region conversions requires considerable judgment of the ground-motion analyst}, language = {en} } @article{Kunow2006, author = {Kunow, R{\"u}diger}, title = {The Enigma of Arrival}, isbn = {978-3-32311-955-5}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Wyrwa2006, author = {Wyrwa, Ulrich}, title = {The empire in 1871 - 1914}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{BudwegBockWeber2006, author = {Budweg, Martin and Bock, G{\"u}nter and Weber, Michael H.}, title = {The Eifel Plume : imaged with converted seismic waves}, issn = {0956-540X}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02778.x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Receiver functions (RF) are used to investigate the upper mantle structure beneath the Eifel, the youngest volcanic area of Central Europe. Data from 96 teleseismic events recorded by 242 seismological stations from permanent and a temporary network has been analysed. The temporary network operated from 1997 November to 1998 June and covered an area of approximately 400 x 250 km(2) centred on the Eifel volcanic fields. The average Moho depth in the Eifel is approximately 30 km, thinning to ca. 28 km under the Eifel volcanic fields. RF images suggest the existence of a low velocity zone at about 60-90 km depth under the West Eifel. This observation is supported by P- and S-wave tomographic results and absorption (but the array aperture limits the resolution of the tomographic methods to the upper 400 km). There are also indications for a zone of elevated velocities at around 200 km depth, again in agreement with S-wave and absorption tomographic results. This anomaly is not visible in P-wave tomography and could be due to S-wave anisotropy. The RF anomalies at the Moho, at 60-90 km, and near 200 km depth have a lateral extent of about 100 km. The 410 km discontinuity under the Eifel is depressed by 15-25 km, which could be explained by a maximum temperature increase of +200 degrees C to +300 degrees C. In the 3-D RF image of the Eifel Plume we also notice two additional currently unexplained conversions between 410 and 550 km depth. They could represent remnants of previous subduction or anomalies due to delayed phase changes. The lateral extent of these conversions and the depression of the 410 km discontinuity is about 200 km. The 660 km discontinuity does not show any depth deviation from its expected value. Our observations are consistent with interpretation in terms of an upper mantle plume but they do not rule out connections to processes at larger depth}, language = {en} } @article{OttvandeVijverHoehle2006, author = {Ott, Susan and van de Vijver, Ruben and H{\"o}hle, Barbara}, title = {The effect of phonotactic constraints in German-speaking children with delayed phonological acquisition : Evidence from production of word-initial consonant clusters}, year = {2006}, language = {en} }