@techreport{Nastasa2024, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Nastasa, Ruxandra}, title = {Germany and the EU's pursuit of gender equality in peace and security}, series = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, number = {16}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2509-6974}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-62850}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628501}, pages = {1 -- 15}, year = {2024}, abstract = {The Women, Peace and Security Agenda (WPSA) is an international framework addressing the disproportionate impact of armed conflict on women and girls and promoting their meaningful participation in peacebuilding efforts. The Security Council called on Member States to develop National Action Plans (NAPs) to operationalize the four pillars of the Agenda. This study looks at the relevant steps undertaken by both Germany and the European Union. The author calls for improvements on either level and makes four recommendations.}, language = {en} } @article{Kainz2023, author = {Kainz, Fritz}, title = {Extraterritorial Constitutional Rights}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin}, volume = {28}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin}, number = {2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2941-1149}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-60996}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-609962}, pages = {140 -- 150}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Im Laufe der vergangenen Jahrzehnte widmeten Lehre und Rechtsprechung der extraterritorialen Anwendbarkeit von Menschenrechtsabkommen erhebliche Aufmerksamkeit. Im Gegensatz fand die extraterritoriale Anwendung verfassungsgesetzlich verankerter Grundrechte nur in den Vereinigten Staaten vergleichbares akademisches Interesse. Insbesondere l{\"a}sst sich ein Mangel an vergleichender Forschung in diesem Bereich feststellen, was zur herrschenden Meinung beitr{\"a}gt, dass internationale Menschenrechtskonventionen den geeigneten Rahmen bieten, unter dem inl{\"a}ndische Gerichte extraterritoriale Fragen des Verfassungsrechts pr{\"u}fen sollten. Dieser Artikel argumentiert, dass inl{\"a}ndische verfassungsrechtliche Regelungen und die zu ihrer Durchsetzung zust{\"a}ndigen Gerichte ein wichtiges Gegengewicht in der festgefahrenen internationalen Extraterritorialit{\"a}tsdebatte spielen sollten. Anhand zweier Fallstudien aus Deutschland und den Vereinigten Staaten wird gezeigt, dass inl{\"a}ndische Verfassungsgerichte manchmal besser geeignet sind als Vertragsorgane, um die Grundwerte der Menschenw{\"u}rde und der Universalit{\"a}t im extraterritorialen Kontext zu wahren. Dies zeigt sich besonders deutlich am Beispiel Deutschlands, das {\"u}ber eine lange Tradition der Integration in internationale Mehrebenensysteme und des grundrechtliche "Bottom-up"-Widerstands innerhalb solcher Systeme verf{\"u}gt. Aktuelle F{\"a}lle des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zur extraterritorialen Anwendung des Grundgesetzes auf ausl{\"a}ndische nachrichtendienstliche Aktivit{\"a}ten und Klimawandel unterst{\"u}tzen diese Theorie. Allerdings kann ein unabh{\"a}ngiger verfassungsrechtlicher Ansatz auch in solchen nationalen Systemen eigenst{\"a}ndige normative Effekte erzielen, welche st{\"a}rker vom internationalen Menschenrechtssystem isoliert sind. So verwendete auch der amerikanische Oberste Gerichtshof (Supreme Court) die inl{\"a}ndische verfassungsrechtliche Doktrin, um die streng territoriale Auslegung des Internationalen Pakts {\"u}ber b{\"u}rgerliche und politische Rechte durch die amerikanische Regierung zu umgehen und einen funktionalen Ansatz f{\"u}r die extraterritoriale Anwendbarkeit von Grundrechten im Fall der Inhaftierung mutmaßlicher Terroristen im Marinest{\"u}tzpunkt von Guant{\´a}namo Bay zu nutzen. Die Untersuchung dieser Beispiele beansprucht nicht, umfassend oder repr{\"a}sentativ die vielf{\"a}ltigen Verfassungen der Welt und ihre Beziehungen zu v{\"o}lkerrechtlichen Menschenrechtsnormen zu untersuchen. Dennoch sollte die unabh{\"a}ngige Wirkung von verfassungsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen in diesen beiden disparaten F{\"a}llen umso mehr Anreiz f{\"u}r eine verst{\"a}rkte vergleichende Forschung zu verfassungsrechtlichen Extraterritorialit{\"a}tsregimen und ihrem Beitrag zum Projekt der Menschenrechte bieten.}, language = {en} } @article{Burek2022, author = {Burek, Wojciech}, title = {Reservations to the Istanbul Convention and the role of GREVIO: A call for new approach}, series = {Human rights law review}, volume = {22}, journal = {Human rights law review}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1461-7781}, doi = {10.1093/hrlr/ngac030}, pages = {1 -- 18}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The question of whether the monitoring bodies have competence concerning reservations is at the centre of the discussion of reservations to human rights treaties that has occupied many international legal scholars over the last few decades. The Istanbul Convention's treaty monitoring body, GREVIO, is the only human rights treaty monitoring body with a direct competence concerning reservations. However, as practice to date shows, it does not make much use of this power. This is a big disappointment considering all the efforts of other bodies in the past and the doctrinal positions of various scholars. The main aims of this article are threefold to: present GREVIO's practice to date concerning reservations, provide a brief historical overview of how other human rights treaty bodies have approached their role concerning reservations, and finally, attempt to explain why GREVIO has abandoned a more proactive position on reservations.}, language = {en} } @article{Burek2023, author = {Burek, Wojciech}, title = {Treaty flexibility unilaterally boosted}, series = {Netherlands quarterly of human rights}, volume = {41}, journal = {Netherlands quarterly of human rights}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publications Ltd}, address = {London}, issn = {0924-0519}, doi = {10.1177/09240519231151950}, pages = {35 -- 52}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Thus far, research into reservations to treaties has often overlooked reservations formulated to both European Social Charters (and its Protocols) and the relevant European Committee of Social Rights practices. There are several pressing reasons to further explore this gap in existing literature. First, an analysis of practices within the European Social Charters (and Protocols) will provide a fuller picture of the reservations and responses of treaty bodies. Second, in the context of previous landmark events it is worth noting the practices of another human rights treaty monitoring body that is often omitted from analyses. Third, the very fact that the formulation of reservations to treaties gives parties such far-reaching flexibility to shape their contractual obligations ({\`a} la carte) is surprising. An important outcome of the research is the finding that, despite the far-reaching flexibility present in the treaties analysed, both the States Parties and the European Committee of Social Rights generally treat them as conventional treaties to which the general rules on reservations apply. Consequently, there is no basis for assuming that the mere fact of adopting the {\`a} la carte system in a treaty with no reservation clause implies a formal prohibition of reservations or otherwise discourages their formulation.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KayaKopshteyn2020, author = {Kaya, Gizem and Kopshteyn, Georgy}, title = {Dispersing the fog}, series = {Corruption and informal practices in the Middle East and North Africa}, booktitle = {Corruption and informal practices in the Middle East and North Africa}, editor = {Kubbe, Ina and Varraich, Aiysha}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-0-367-82285-9}, doi = {10.4324/9780367822859-2}, pages = {23 -- 42}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Countries in the Middle East generally fare poorly in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index. One of the biggest challenges for the anti-corruption-regime in the Middle East are the many forms of corruption that are not being recognised as such on the local level, if assessed against a culturally relativistic benchmark. Our paper seeks to establish a unifying ground by providing a functional analysis of corruption which is both, normatively guiding and culturally sensitive. We demarcate our work as follows: (1) our reference point will be the phenomenon of institutional corruption, whereas (2) our working definition of corruption will conceive of corruption as a violation of role-specific norms that is motivated by the role-occupier's private motives. In an attempt to offer a comprehensive approach, corruption will be viewed on two differing levels. On the external level, we will begin with an investigation of features within a norm-order that typically instantiate corruption. We will argue that corruption is externally conditioned by an authority's inability to enforce and (re)establish the norms of conduct that ought to be action-guiding in office. This changes the expectation-structure within a norm-order and erodes public trust in the authorities, giving rise to willing perpetrators. Complementing this, the internal level of our framework will emphasize the motivational deficits of corrupt acts. It will be argued that this deficit can typically be found in societies that lack civic virtues. This, we suspect, is the functional reason why corrupt societies have such a hard time to overcome the problem: they lack both features and are, as a consequence, caught in a vicious circle as they struggle to strengthen civil society and consolidate institutional structures - whereas corruption increasingly disappears from the radar as it becomes accepted reality.}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss2021, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {How to integrate environmental law into constitutional law}, series = {Revue juridique de l'Oc{\´e}an Indien}, volume = {26}, journal = {Revue juridique de l'Oc{\´e}an Indien}, number = {31}, publisher = {Universit{\´e} de La R{\´e}union}, address = {Saint-Denis}, issn = {1630-6910}, pages = {171 -- 175}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This chapter consists of three parts. In the first part, I will give a short overview about the integration of the protection of the environment into German constitutional law. This section will start with the presentation of the relevant provision, Art. 20a BL. Then, I will elaborate on its legal character. In the second part, I will make some brief remarks on the practical implications of Art. 20a BL. Finally, I will present some preliminary conclusions.}, language = {en} } @incollection{WeissZimmermann2022, author = {Weiß, Norman and Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Remarks on the relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law}, series = {Human rights and international humanitarian law : challenges ahead}, booktitle = {Human rights and international humanitarian law : challenges ahead}, editor = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Weiß, Norman}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {978-1-83910-826-6}, doi = {10.4337/9781839108273.00006}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Back in 1949, and thus only one year after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the four Geneva Conventions were adopted, providing a strong signal for a new world order created after 1945 with the United Nations at their centre and combining as their goals both the maintenance of peace and security and the protection of human rights, but also recognising, realistically, that succeeding generations had so far not yet been saved from the scourge of war. Hence, the continued need for rules governing, and limiting, the means and methods of warfare once an armed conflict has erupted. At the same time, the international community has unfortunately not been able so far to fully safeguard individual human rights, its efforts to that effect and the continuous development of international human rights law over the years notwithstanding.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Hajos2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Hajos, Yael}, title = {A Critical Overview of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern Mechanism}, series = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, number = {15}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2509-6974}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-58523}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-585238}, pages = {20}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The last years have been affected by Covid-19 and the international emergency mecha-nism to deal with health-related threats. The effects of this period manifested differ-ently worldwide, depending on matters such as international relations, national policies, power dynamics etc. Additionally, the impact of this time will likely have long-term effects which are yet to be known. This paper gives a critical overview of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) mechanism in the context of Covid-19. It does so by explaining the legal framework for states of emergency, specifically in the context of a PHEIC, while considering its restrictions and limitations on human rights. It further outlines issues in the manifestation of global protections and limitations on human rights during Covid-19. Lastly, considering the likelihood of future PHEICs and the known systemic obstructions, this paper offers ways to im-prove this mechanism from a holistic, non-zero-sum perspective.}, language = {en} } @article{Ehrensperger2017, author = {Ehrensperger, Kathy}, title = {Narratives of Belonging}, series = {Early Christianity}, volume = {8}, journal = {Early Christianity}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, issn = {1868-7032}, doi = {10.1628/186870317X15017545210233}, pages = {373 -- 392}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Die Darstellungen genealogischer Netzwerke waren in der Antike Ausdruck der Weltsicht ihrer Erz{\"a}hler, mit deren Hilfe N{\"a}he und Distanz zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen und V{\"o}lkern ausgedr{\"u}ckt und hergestellt werden konnte. Auch Paulus bedient sich genealogischer Argumente, um die Beziehung nicht-j{\"u}discher Christus-Gl{\"a}ubiger zu Israel und ihrem Gott zu verdeutlichen. Es handelt sich um eine ethnozentrische Argumentation, deren Fokus aber gleichzeitig eindeutig theozentrisch ist.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Weiss2017, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Programmes of Cooperation and Solidarity}, series = {The Council of Europe : its law and policies}, booktitle = {The Council of Europe : its law and policies}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-19-967252-3}, pages = {788 -- 798}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @incollection{Klein2017, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Seat and Symbols of the Council of Europe}, series = {The Council of Europe : its law and politics}, booktitle = {The Council of Europe : its law and politics}, editor = {Schmahl, Stefanie and Breuer, Marten}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-19-967252-3}, pages = {93 -- 107}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @incollection{Klein2017, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Membership and Observer Status}, series = {The Council of Europe : its law and politics}, booktitle = {The Council of Europe : its law and politics}, editor = {Schmahl, Stefanie and Breuer, Marten}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-19-967252-3}, pages = {41 -- 92}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{Tedeschini2019, author = {Tedeschini, Michele}, title = {Human Rights as a Limit to Utopian Thinking?}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, volume = {24}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, number = {1/2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1434-2820}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47413}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-474137}, pages = {12 -- 23}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2019, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {The Founding of the Human Rights Centre in 1994}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, volume = {24}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, number = {1/2}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1434-2820}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43863}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438633}, pages = {5 -- 11}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{SteinertYordanova2016, author = {Steinert, Christoph and Yordanova, Nikoleta}, title = {Coalition in a Large German Federal State}, series = {German politics}, volume = {25}, journal = {German politics}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0964-4008}, doi = {10.1080/09644008.2015.1060589}, pages = {54 -- 72}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article seeks to explain the 2013 coalition between the CDU and the Greens in the German federal state of Hesse. It applies traditional office-seeking and policy-seeking coalition formation theories to the case alongside a new explanation underscoring the influence of past behaviour on coalition partnership; namely, the negative impact of a pre-electoral commitment breach on future coalition formation. The results show that pure office-seeking cannot explain the coalition outcome. Instead, as the analysis of textual data extracted from political parties' manifestos shows, there has been a constant process of policy approximation between the CDU and the Greens in Hesse. Additionally, we find evidence suggesting that the SPD's breach on their promise not to rely on support by the Left Party in 2008 shaped the CDU's refusal to coalesce with the SPD in 2013. The findings add to our understanding of the interplay between office-seeking and policy-seeking motivations as well as the personal enmities of key actors in shaping the coalition formation. The study further offers insights into the new German coalition option between the Greens and the CDU, which can serve as a blueprint at the national level.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Weiss2017, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Origin and Further Development}, series = {The Council of Europe : its law and politics}, booktitle = {The Council of Europe : its law and politics}, editor = {Schmahl, Stefanie and Breuer, Marten}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-19-967252-3}, pages = {3 -- 22}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @techreport{DamenKoehlerWoodard2017, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Damen, Juliane and K{\"o}hler, Lena and Woodard, Sean}, title = {The Human Right of Privacy in the Digital Age}, series = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, number = {3}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2509-6974}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399265}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The right to privacy in the digital age generates new challenges for the international jurisdiction. The following article deals with such challenges. Therefore it firstly defines the term of privacy in general and presents an international legal framework. With whisteblower Snowden a huge political discourse was initiated and the article gives insights into its further development. In 2015 the Human Rights Council for the first time announced a special rapporteur on the right to privacy. However, the discourse is not only taking place on a political level, also civil society organizations advocate more stringent regulations and prosecutions against violations of the right to privacy. Moreover the importance of the technology sector becomes clear. Companies like Microsoft are increasingly taking responsibility to protect digital media against unjustified data misuse, surveillance, collection and storage. But whereas the IT sector is developing very quickly, legislative processes do so rather slowly. Lastly, the individual is also hold to account. To protect oneself against data misuse is to a great extent acting self-responsible. Still, therefore information on protection must be clear and accessible for everyone.}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss2010, author = {Weiss, Norman}, title = {Human Rights}, isbn = {978-90-04-18004-8}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss2008, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Xenophobia}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss2008, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Assembly, freedom of, international protection}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss2008, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Aliens, intregration}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{Klein1995, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Some thoughts on preventive protection of human rights}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-27503, title = {The institution of a commissioner for human rights and minorities and the prevention of human rights violations}, series = {Menschenrechtszentrum der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, volume = {1}, journal = {Menschenrechtszentrum der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, editor = {Klein, Eckart}, publisher = {Spitz}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {85 S.}, year = {1995}, language = {en} } @article{Klein1998, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Some thoughts on the legal status of the peopleµs republic of china relating to the international covenant on civil and political rights}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{Klein1998, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {The Reporting system under the international covenent on civil and political rights}, isbn = {3- 87061-636-9}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @book{PetzoldLiddell1998, author = {Petzold, Herbert and Liddell, Roderick}, title = {The European Court of Human Rights, Organisation and Procedure : questions concerning the implementation of protocol No. 11 to the European convention on Human Rights ; colloquy, Potsdam, 19.-20. September 1997 ; reports and proceedings}, editor = {Klein, Eckart and Stender, Heike}, publisher = {Univ. Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {266 S.}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-22483, title = {The monitoring system of human rights treaty obligation : colloquium, Potsdam, 22./23. November 1996}, series = {Menschenrechtszentrum der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, volume = {5}, journal = {Menschenrechtszentrum der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, editor = {Klein, Eckart}, publisher = {Berlin-Verl. Spitz}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {3-87061-636-9}, pages = {205 S.}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss1998, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Overlapping human rights guarantees : Summary of the discuccion on their impact on the examination procedure}, isbn = {3- 87061-636-9}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss1998, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {The monitoring of human rights treaty obligations : Summary of the discussion on the reporting system}, isbn = {3- 87061-636-9}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{Strauss1998, author = {Strauß, Ekkehard}, title = {Changes in the understanding of Human Rights in Europe - especially in Germany}, isbn = {83-87545-07-4}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss1998, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Overlapping human rights guarantees : An analysis of causes and a scetch of possible effects}, isbn = {3- 87061-636-9}, year = {1998}, abstract = {Der Beitrag befaßt sich mit den Ursachen und Folgen menschenrechtlicher Mehrfachgarantien und konkurrierender Kontrollmechanismen.}, language = {en} } @article{Klein1999, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {The universal protection of human rights : reality or utopia?}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-19359, title = {The duty to protect and to ensure human rights : colloquium, Potsdam, 1 - 3 July 1999}, series = {Menschenrechtszentrum der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, volume = {8}, journal = {Menschenrechtszentrum der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, editor = {Klein, Eckart}, publisher = {Berlin-Verl. Spitz}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {3-8305-0014-9}, pages = {341 S.}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-17608, title = {The Concept of Human Dignity in Human Rights Discourse}, editor = {Klein, Eckart and Kretzmer, David}, publisher = {Kluwer Law International}, address = {The Hague}, isbn = {90-411-1783-0}, pages = {324 S.}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss2002, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Human Rights}, isbn = {90-411-1865-9}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @book{OkaforObasi2003, author = {Okafor-Obasi, Obasi}, title = {The enforcement of state obligatons to recepect and ensure human rights in international law}, series = {Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten}, volume = {10}, journal = {Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten}, editor = {Klein, Eckart and Menke, Christoph}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1435-9154}, pages = {149 S.}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss2003, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {The Impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on German Jurisprudence}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-14786, title = {Democracy, miniorities and human rihts education in Europe : workshop dpkumentation ; March 5 - 6, 2004, Humboldt University of Berlin ; teaching human rights in Europe ; VW-Tandem research project}, series = {Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten / MenschenRechtsZentrum der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, journal = {Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten / MenschenRechtsZentrum der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, editor = {Mahler, Claudia}, publisher = {Menschenrechtszentrum}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1435-9154}, pages = {89 S.}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss2004, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {The Protection of Minorities in a Federalm State : the Case of Germany}, isbn = {0-275-98024-3}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{Pollmann2005, author = {Pollmann, Arnd}, title = {Dignity after measure}, issn = {0012-1045}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @incollection{Weiss2012, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {Rule of Law as a Basis for Effective Human Rights Protection}, series = {The Universalism of Human Rights (Ius Gentium : Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice ; 16)}, booktitle = {The Universalism of Human Rights (Ius Gentium : Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice ; 16)}, editor = {Arnold, Rainer}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dodrecht}, isbn = {978-94-007-4509-4}, issn = {1534-6781}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {257 -- 267}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Human rights can be understood as a multi-faceted concept which needs a strong legal basis, namely, a set of legal guarantees in human rights treaties and an increasing number of monitoring mechanisms. Following the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of December 10, 1948, various multi-lateral treaties for the protection of human rights have been negotiated and entered into force. They are not restricted to civil and political rights and take a much broader approach. All have monitoring mechanisms acting on a legal basis. The important European system with its strong, judicial monitoring mechanism is providing an effective human rights protection focused on civil and political rights. In the G{\"o}rg{\"u}l{\"u} case (2004), the German Federal Constitutional Court underlined the importance of the European Court's judgments and of the ECHR as a legally binding instrument for the protection of human rights.}, language = {en} } @book{SoussanHennequetLamouretal.2015, author = {Soussan, Audrey and Hennequet, Erika and Lamour, Marianne and Udich, Julian and tho Pesch, Sebastian and Risini, Isabella and Kolb, Andreas S. and Beulay, Marjorie and Thouvenin, Jean-Marc and Vaurs-Chaumette, Anne-Laure and Lorenzmeier, Stefan and Schadendorf, Sarah and Papinot, Camille and Buszewski, Sinthiou Estelle and Dolle, Tobias and Epiney, Astrid and Pirker, Benedikt}, title = {The Influence of Human Rights on International Law}, editor = {Weiß, Norman and Thouvenin, Jean-Marc}, edition = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg u.a.}, isbn = {978-3-319-12020-1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {248}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This volume discusses the impact of human rights law on other fields of international law. Does international human rights law modify other fields of international law? Contributions focus on possible spillover effects of human rights on international economic or international criminal law. Does international human rights law have a streamlining effect on international law as a whole? This might be identified as a process of constitutionalisation. In this book, human rights can be understood as one of the core principles of international legal order and thus have an effect on the general law of treaties or on the settlement of disputes. Although human rights law is a relatively young field of international law, its content and core values today are of major importance for the interpretation of international law as a whole. As we witness a redefinition of sovereignty as a responsibility of states towards the people and a shift to greater relevance of the individual in international law in general, it is a logical consequence that human rights have an impact on other areas of international law.}, language = {en} } @article{Schmidt2011, author = {Schmidt, Markus G.}, title = {Reform of the United Nations Human Rights Programs}, series = {Die Vereinten Nationen vor globalen Herausforderungen : Referate der Potsdamer UNO-Konferenzen 2000-2008}, journal = {Die Vereinten Nationen vor globalen Herausforderungen : Referate der Potsdamer UNO-Konferenzen 2000-2008}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60964}, pages = {81 -- 93}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Inhalt: - Kurzzusammenfassung - I. Introduction - II. Current challenges to the United Nations Human Rights Programme - III. The Secretary General's Reform report "In larger Freedom" and its impact for the human rights programme - IV. The High Commissioner's Plan of Action of May 2005 - V. Negotiations on the establishment of the Human Rights Council and first Council activities - VI. Reform of the treaty body system and debates over the creation of a unified standing treaty body}, language = {en} } @book{OkaforObasi2003, author = {Okafor-Obasi, Obasi}, title = {The enforcement of state obligations to respect and ensure human rights in international law}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51330}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Content: I. The nature and form of international law 1. The acceptance of the existence of an international legal order 2. The legal position of the individual in international law II. Obligations of states in the protection of international human rights 1. Treaty-based human rights obligations 2. The nature of treaty-based human rights obligations 3. The "absolute" and "objective" character of human rights treaty obligations 4. Human rights conventions as self-contained regimes 5. The problem of characterisation of human rights obligations of states III. Human rights obligations arising from general principles of international law 1. Obligations erga omnes and human rights norms 2. The outlawing of genocide as obligation erga omnes 3. Protection from slavery as obligation erga omnes 4. The outlawing of acts of aggression as obligation erga omnes 5. Protection from racial discrimination as obligation erga omnes 6. The basic rights of the human person as obligation erga omnes 7. Jus Cogens and the search for peremptory norms of human rights 8. International crimes and human rights norms 9. The relationship between the concepts: erga omnes, jus cogens, international crime and human rights IV. International instruments for the coercive enforcement of state obligations to 'respect and ensure' human rights 1. Countermeasures as consequences of breach of treaties in international law 2. Application of reprisals for the enforcement of treaty-based human rights obligations 3. Intervention for the protection of human rights in international law 4. Intervention by the Security Council for the protection of human rights: the situation before the East-West d{\´e}tente 5. Humanitarian intervention after the end of the Cold War 6. The legal nature of ECOWAS intervention in the Liberian Civil War 7. The legality of NATO's intervention in Kosovo 8. Some instances of intervention with mixed motives V. Non-forceful measures for the enforcement of states' human rights obligations 1. Economic and financial pressure as means of enforcing states' obligation to respect and observe human rights 2. The application of the clausula rebus sic stantibus for the protection of human rights 3. The enforcement of human rights through the World Bank 4. The enforcement of human rights through the ILO 5. Diplomatic recognition as an instrument for securing a state's respect and promotion of human rights 6. Refusal to comply with an extradition agreement as a means of enforcing a state's human rights obligations 7. Denial of immunity as a means of enforcing a state's human rights obligations 8. Publicity as an instrument for the enforcement of human rights VI. Judicial enforcement of state obligations to 'respect and ensure' human rights 1. Enforcement of human rights through International Criminal Tribunals 2. The International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia 3. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 4. The International Special Court of Sierra Leone R{\´e}sum{\´e}}, language = {en} } @book{FigariLayus2010, author = {Figari Lay{\´u}s, Rosario}, title = {The role of transitional justice in the midst of ongoing armed conflicts}, series = {Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik}, journal = {Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-063-2}, issn = {1867-2663}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-42500}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {111}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Between 2002 and 2006 the Colombian government of {\´A}lvaro Uribe counted with great international support to hand a demobilization process of right-wing paramilitary groups, along with the implementation of transitional justice policies such as penal prosecutions and the creation of a National Commission for Reparation and Reconciliation (NCRR) to address justice, truth and reparation for victims of paramilitary violence. The demobilization process began when in 2002 the United Self Defence Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia, AUC) agreed to participate in a government-sponsored demobilization process. Paramilitary groups were responsible for the vast majority of human rights violations for a period of over 30 years. The government designed a special legal framework that envisaged great leniency for paramilitaries who committed serious crimes and reparations for victims of paramilitary violence. More than 30,000 paramilitaries have demobilized under this process between January 2003 and August 2006. Law 975, also known as the "Justice and Peace Law", and Decree 128 have served as the legal framework for the demobilization and prosecutions of paramilitaries. It has offered the prospect of reduced sentences to demobilized paramilitaries who committed crimes against humanity in exchange for full confessions of crimes, restitution for illegally obtained assets, the release of child soldiers, the release of kidnapped victims and has also provided reparations for victims of paramilitary violence. The Colombian demobilization process presents an atypical case of transitional justice. Many observers have even questioned whether Colombia can be considered a case of transitional justice. Transitional justice measures are often taken up after the change of an authoritarian regime or at a post-conflict stage. However, the particularity of the Colombian case is that transitional justice policies were introduced while the conflict still raged. In this sense, the Colombian case expresses one of the key elements to be addressed which is the tension between offering incentives to perpetrators to disarm and demobilize to prevent future crimes and providing an adequate response to the human rights violations perpetrated throughout the course of an internal conflict. In particular, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes require a fine balance between the immunity guarantees offered to ex-combatants and the sought of accountability for their crimes. International law provides the legal framework defining the rights to justice, truth and reparations for victims and the corresponding obligations of the State, but the peace negotiations and conflicted political structures do not always allow for the fulfillment of those rights. Thus, the aim of this article is to analyze what kind of transition may be occurring in Colombia by focusing on the role that transitional justice mechanisms may play in political negotiations between the Colombian government and paramilitary groups. In particular, it seeks to address to what extent such processes contribute to or hinder the achievement of the balance between peacebuilding and accountability, and thus facilitate a real transitional process.}, language = {en} } @article{OPUS4-4280, title = {UN-Menschenrechtsausschuß : Mitteilung gegen Deutschland}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, volume = {6}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, number = {1}, issn = {1434-2820}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44662}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{KeisengRakate2000, author = {Keiseng Rakate, Phenyo}, title = {Is the Sierra Leonean amnesty law compatible with international law?}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, volume = {5}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, number = {3}, issn = {1434-2820}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44193}, pages = {151 -- 154}, year = {2000}, abstract = {Der Autor diskutiert in seinem Aufsatz kritisch den Friedensvertrag von Lom{\´e}, der am 7. Juli 1999 offiziell den bewaffneten Konflikt in Sierra Leone beendete. Nach einer kurzen Zusammenfassung der allgemeinen Regelungen des Vertrags stellt der Autor die in Artikel 9 des Abkommens vorgesehene Generalamnestie den bindenden Grunds{\"a}tzen des internationalen Rechts gegen{\"u}ber. Internationale Verbrechen, wie V{\"o}lkermord, Kriegsverbrechen oder Folterung sind als Verstoß gegen ius cogens-Normen von allen Staaten zu verfolgen. Nach der Er{\"o}rterung der betreffenden Konventionen, internationalen Abkommen und Fallentscheidungen des IGH, die diesen Grundsatz festschreiben, beschreibt er den - Friedensprozessen inh{\"a}renten - Konflikt, ein Gleichgewicht zwischen notwendiger Vers{\"o}hnung und strafrechtlicher Verfolgung zu finden. Bei der Betrachtung des Fallrechts schließt Phenyo neuere Entscheidungen ein, wie die des britischen House of Lords im Fall Pinochet, die sowohl nationalen wie internationalen Gerichten das Recht auf Strafverfolgung internationaler Verbrechen zugestand. Stellvertretend f{\"u}r die weite Kritik der Generalamnestie des Lom{\´e}-Abkommens zitiert der Autor den VN-Generalsekret{\"a}r Kofi Annan, der die Generalamnestie als unvereinbar mit der T{\"a}tigkeit und Aufgabe der internationalen Straftribunale in Den Haag und Arusha sowie des zuk{\"u}nftigen Internationalen Strafgerichtshofes ansieht. Phenyo schließt sich mit seiner kurzen Analyse des Friedensabkommens der kritischen Haltung Annans an und sieht nur eine geringe M{\"o}glichkeit f{\"u}r die Durchsetzung der fraglichen Amnestie, deren G{\"u}ltigkeit durch die wiederaufgeflammten K{\"a}mpfe in Sierra Leone auch faktisch in Frage gestellt worden sind. (trai)}, language = {en} } @article{FreudenreichRanft2009, author = {Freudenreich, Johannes and Ranft, Florian}, title = {Learning from the past}, series = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, volume = {14}, journal = {MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen}, number = {1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1434-2820}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-35494}, pages = {22 -- 42}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Content I. Introduction II. Theoretical Approach III. Empirical Analysis of Truth Commissions IV. Learning from the Past V. Conclusion VI. Annex}, language = {en} } @book{OPUS4-2806, title = {Armenia : a human rights perspective for peace and democracy; human rights, human rights education and minorities}, editor = {Mihr, Anja and Mkrtichyan, Artur and Mahler, Claudia and Toivanen, Reetta}, isbn = {978-3-937786-66-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-29740}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2005}, abstract = {I. Human Rights and Democratic Movements in Armenia - Human Rights as an "Attractor" of Europeanization Processes of Transcaucasian "Neither War nor Peace Societies" (Artur Mkrtichyan) - Human Rights Defender's Office Armenia (Larisa Alaverdyan) - The Factor of Human Rights Protection as Criteria for the Development in the Social System (Hovhannes Hovhannisyan) - Two Priorities and Two Suggestions in Leading the Way to Human Rights Protection (Gevork Manoukian) - Intrastate Mechanisms of the Protection of Human Political Rights and Freedoms in Armenia (Ashot A. Alexanyan) - The Future of Democracy in Armenia: Institutional and Mass Beliefs Perspectives (Alexander Markarov) II. Human Rights and Education in Armenia - Human Rights in the System of Civic Education Values (Valery Poghosyan) - The Role of Academic Knowledge in Maintaining Tolerance (Ani Muradyan) - Rights of a Child or Duties of Adults...? (Mira Antonyan) - The Right to Education for Children with Special Needs: Inclusive Education in Armenia (Marina Hovhannissyan) - Human Rights Awareness and UNDP Evaluation in Armenia (Kristina Henschen) - Human Rights Education in Armenia - A Base Line Study (Litit Umroyan; Lucig Danielian) III. Human Rights and Minorities in Armenia - Human Rights, Minorities and Human Rights Education in Armenia: An External Perspective (Claudia Mahler; Anja Mihr; Reetta Toivanen) - Minorities and Identity in Armenia (Tatevik Margaryan) - Legal and Real Opportunities for the National Minorities Residing on the Territory of the Republic of Armenia (Hranush Kharatyan)}, language = {en} }