@article{Tomioka2007,
  author    = {Tomioka, Satoshi},
  title     = {Intervention effects in focus},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Schwarz, Anne},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24502},
  pages     = {97 -- 118},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The most recent trend in the studies of LF intervention effects makes crucial reference to focusing effects on the interveners, and this paper critically examines the representative analyses of the focus-based approach. While each analysis has its own merits and shortcomings, I argue that a pragmatic analysis that does not make appeal to syntactic configurations is better equipped to deal with many of the complex and delicate facts surrounding intervention effects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Ishihara2007,
  author    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro},
  title     = {Intonation of sentences with an NPI},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Schwarz, Anne},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24497},
  pages     = {65 -- 96},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This paper presents the results of a production experiment on the intonation of sentences containing a negative polarity item (NPI) in Tokyo Japanese. The results show that NPI sentences exhibit a focus intonation: the F₀-peak of the word to which an NPI is attached is raised, while the pitch contour after the NPI-attached word is compressed until the negation. This intonation pattern is parallel to that of wh-question, in which the F₀ of the wh-phrase is raised while the post-wh-contour is compressed until the question particle.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Kitagawa2007,
  author    = {Kitagawa, Yoshihisa},
  title     = {When we fail to question in Japanese},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Schwarz, Anne},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24481},
  pages     = {29 -- 64},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {When we pay close attention to the prosody of Wh-questions in Japanese, we discover many novel and interesting empirical puzzles that would require us to devise a much finer syntactic component of grammar. This paper addresses the issues that pose some problems to such an elaborated grammar, and offers solutions, making an appeal to the information structure and sentence processing involved in the interpretation of interrogative and focus constructions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Kubozono2007,
  author    = {Kubozono, Haruo},
  title     = {Focus and intonation in Japanese},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Schwarz, Anne},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24472},
  pages     = {1 -- 27},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This paper discusses how focus changes prosodic structure in Tokyo Japanese. It is generally believed that focus blocks the intonational process of downstep and causes a pitch reset. This paper presents experimental evidence against this traditional view by looking at the prosodic behavior of Wh words, which receive focus lexically in Japanese as in other languages. It is demonstrated, specifically, that the focused Wh element does not block downstep although it receives a much higher pitch than its preceding element. This suggests that presence of lexical focus does not trigger pitch reset in Japanese.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-2260,
  title     = {Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Prosody, Syntax, and Information Structure (WPSI 2)},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Schwarz, Anne},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22234},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This volume contains the proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Prosody, Syntax, and Information Structure (WPSI2), held at University of Potsdam on March 18, 2005. WPSI 2 was aimed to discuss issues on the interaction of prosody, syntax, and information structure, from interdisciplinary points of view. The contributors (Haruo Kubozono, Shinichiro Ishihara, Yoshihisa Kitagawa, and Satoshi Tomioka) have been recently working on relevant issues, especially looking at the phenomena related to the intonation of focus and (wh-)questions in Japanese.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Hole2008,
  author    = {Hole, Daniel},
  title     = {EVEN, ALSO and ONLY in Vietnamese},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Schwarz, Anne},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22171},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {The article analyzes the system of focus-sensitive particles and, to a lesser extent, clefts in Vietnamese. EVEN/ALSO/ONLY foci are discussed across syntactic categories, and Vietnamese is found to organize its system of focus-sensitive particles along three dimensions of classification: (i) EVEN vs. ALSO vs. ONLY; (ii) particles c-commanding foci vs. particles c-commanding backgrounds; (iii) adverbial focus-sensitive particles vs. particles c-commanding argument foci only. Towards the end of the paper, free-choice constructions and additional sentence-final particles conveying ONLY and ALSO semantics are briefly discussed. The peculiar Vietnamese system reflects core properties of the analogous empirical domain in Chinese, a known source of borrowings into Vietnamese over the millennia.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GoetzeWeskottEndrissetal.2007,
  author    = {G{\"o}tze, Michael and Weskott, Thomas and Endriss, Cornelia and Fiedler, Ines and Hinterwimmer, Stefan and Petrova, Svetlana and Schwarz, Anne and Skopeteas, Stavros and Stoel, Ruben},
  title     = {Information structure},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1614-4708},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22277},
  pages     = {147 -- 187},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The guidelines for Information Structure include instructions for the annotation of Information Status (or 'givenness'), Topic, and Focus, building upon a basic syntactic annotation of nominal phrases and sentences. A procedure for the annotation of these features is proposed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EndrissHinterwimmerSkopeteas2007,
  author    = {Endriss, Cornelia and Hinterwimmer, Stefan and Skopeteas, Stavros},
  title     = {Semantics},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1614-4708},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22265},
  pages     = {135 -- 145},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The guidelines for semantics comprise a number of layers related to quantificational structures as well as some crucial semantic properties of NPs with respect to information structure: definiteness, countability, and animacy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlaszczakDipperFanselowetal.2007,
  author    = {Blaszczak, Joanna and Dipper, Stefanie and Fanselow, Gisbert and Ishihara, Shinishiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Skopeteas, Stavros and Weskott, Thomas and Zimmermann, Malte},
  title     = {Syntax},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1614-4708},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22253},
  pages     = {95 -- 133},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The guidelines for syntactic annotation contain the layers that are especially relevant for queries related to the interaction of information structure with syntax. The layers of this level are constituent structure, grammatical functions, and semantic roles.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlaszczakDipperFanselowetal.2007,
  author    = {Blaszczak, Joanna and Dipper, Stefanie and Fanselow, Gisbert and Ishihara, Shinishiro and Petrova, Svetlana and Skopeteas, Stavros and Weskott, Thomas and Zimmermann, Malte},
  title     = {Morphology},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1614-4708},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22247},
  pages     = {55 -- 94},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The guidelines for morphological annotation contain the layers that are necessary for understanding the structure of the words in the object language: morphological segmentation, glossing, and annotation of part-of-speech.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DipperGoetzeSkopeteas2007,
  author    = {Dipper, Stefanie and G{\"o}tze, Michael and Skopeteas, Stavros},
  title     = {Introduction [ISIS (2007) 07: Information structure in Cross-Linguistic Corpora]},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1614-4708},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22225},
  pages     = {1 -- 27},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The annotation guidelines introduced in this chapter present an attempt to create a unique infrastructure for the encoding of data from very different languages. The ultimate target of these annotations is to allow for data retrieval for the study of information structure, and since information structure interacts with all levels of grammar, the present guidelines cover all levels of grammar too. After introducing the guidelines, the current chapter also presents an evaluation by means of measurements of the inter-annotator agreement.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FeryHellmuthKuegleretal.2007,
  author    = {F{\´e}ry, Caroline and Hellmuth, Sam and K{\"u}gler, Frank and Mayer, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Phonology and intonation},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1614-4708},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22217},
  pages     = {29 -- 53},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The encoding standards for phonology and intonation are designed to facilitate consistent annotation of the phonological and intonational aspects of information structure, in languages across a range of prosodic types. The guidelines are designed with the aim that a nonspecialist in phonology can both implement and interpret the resulting annotation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AllefeldFrisch2004,
  author    = {Allefeld, Carsten and Frisch, Stefan},
  title     = {Phase synchronization analysis of event-related potentials in language processing},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-20113},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Phase synchronization analysis, including our recently introduced multivariate approach, is applied to event-related EEG data from an experiment on language processing, following a classic psycholinguistic paradigm. For the two types of experimental manipulation distinct effects in overall synchronization are found; for one of them they can also be localized. The synchronization effects occur earlier than those found by the conventional analysis method, indicating that the new approach provides additional information on the underlying neuronal process.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hartmann2007,
  author    = {Hartmann, Katharina},
  title     = {Focus and Tone},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19729},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Tone is a distinctive feature of the lexemes in tone languages. The information-structural category focus is usually marked by syntactic and morphological means in these languages, but sometimes also by intonation strategies. In intonation languages, focus is marked by pitch movements, which are also perceived as tone. The present article discusses prosodic focus marking in these two language types.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Fanselow2007,
  author    = {Fanselow, Gisbert},
  title     = {The restricted access of information structure to syntax},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19713},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This paper sketches the view that syntax does not directly interact with information structure. Therefore, syntactic data are of little help when one wants to narrow down the interpretation of terms such as "focus", "topic", etc.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Gussenhoven2007,
  author    = {Gussenhoven, Carlos},
  title     = {Notions and subnotions in information structure},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19704},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Three dimensions can be distinguished in a cross-linguistic account of information structure. First, there is the definition of the focus constituent, the part of the linguistic expression which is subject to some focus meaning. Second and third, there are the focus meanings and the array of structural devices that encode them. In a given language, the expression of focus is facilitated as well as constrained by the grammar within which the focus devices operate. The prevalence of focus ambiguity, the structural inability to make focus distinctions, will thus vary across languages, and within a language, across focus meanings.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Fery2007,
  author    = {F{\´e}ry, Caroline},
  title     = {Information structural notions and the fallacy of invariant correlates},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19692},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {In a first step, definitions of the irreducible information structural categories are given, and in a second step, it is shown that there are no invariant phonological or otherwise grammatical correlates of these categories. In other words, the phonology, syntax or morphology are unable to define information structure. It is a common mistake that information structural categories are expressed by invariant grammatical correlates, be they syntactic, morphological or phonological. It is rather the case that grammatical cues help speaker and hearer to sort out which element carries which information structural role, and only in this sense are the grammatical correlates of information structure important. Languages display variation as to the role of grammar in enhancing categories of information structure, and this variation reflects the variation found in the 'normal' syntax and phonology of languages.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Zimmermann2007,
  author    = {Zimmermann, Malte},
  title     = {Contrastive focus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19688},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The article puts forward a discourse-pragmatic approach to the notoriously evasive phenomena of contrastivity and emphasis. It is argued that occurrences of focus that are treated in terms of 'contrastive focus', 'kontrast' (Vallduv{\´i} \& Vilkuna 1998) or 'identificational focus' ({\´E}. Kiss 1998) in the literature should not be analyzed in familiar semantic terms like introduction of alternatives or exhaustivity. Rather, an adequate analysis must take into account discourse-pragmatic notions like hearer expectation or discourse expectability of the focused content in a given discourse situation. The less expected a given content is judged to be for the hearer, relative to the Common Ground, the more likely a speaker is to mark this content by means of special grammatical devices, giving rise to emphasis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Selkirk2007,
  author    = {Selkirk, Elisabeth},
  title     = {Contrastive focus, givenness and the unmarked status of "Discourse-New"},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19670},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {New evidence is provided for a grammatical principle that singles out contrastive focus (Rooth 1996; Truckenbrodt 1995) and distinguishes it from discourse-new "informational" focus. Since the prosody of discourse-given constituents may also be distinguished from discourse-new, a three-way distinction in representation is motivated. It is assumed that an F-feature marks just contrastive focus (Jackendoff 1972, Rooth 1992), and that a G-feature marks discoursegiven constituents (F{\´e}ry and Samek-Lodovici 2006), while discoursenew is unmarked. A crucial argument for G-marking comes from second occurrence focus (SOF) prosody, which arguably derives from a syntactic representation where SOF is both F-marked and G-marked. This analysis relies on a new G-Marking Condition specifying that a contrastive focus may be G-marked only if the focus semantic value of its scope is discourse-given, i.e. only if the contrast itself is given.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Abusch2007,
  author    = {Abusch, Dorit},
  title     = {Focus presuppositions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19663},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This paper reviews notions related to focus and presupposition and addresses the hypothesis that focus triggers an existential presupposition. Presupposition projection behavior in certain examples appears to favor a presuppositional analysis of focus. It is argued that these examples are open to a different analysis using givenness theory. Overall, the analysis favors a weak semantics for focus not including an existential presupposition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Tomioka2007,
  author    = {Tomioka, Satoshi},
  title     = {Information Structure as information-based partition},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19657},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {While the Information Structure (IS) is most naturally interpreted as 'structure of information', some may argue that it is structure of something else, and others may object to the use of the word 'structure'. This paper focuses on the question of whether the informational component can have structural properties such that it can be called 'structure'. The preliminary conclusion is that, although there are some vague indications of structurehood in it, it is perhaps better understood to be a representation that encodes a finite set of information-based partitions, rather than structure.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EndrissHinterwimmer2007,
  author    = {Endriss, Cornelia and Hinterwimmer, Stefan},
  title     = {Direct and indirect aboutness topics},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19640},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {We propose a definition of aboutness topicality that not only encompasses individual denoting DPs, but also indefinites. We concentrate on the interpretative effects of marking indefinites as topics: they either receive widest scope in their clause, or they are interpreted in the restrictor of an overt or covert Q-adverb. We show that in the first case they are direct aboutness topics insofar as they are the subject of a predication expressed by the comment, while in the second case they are indirect aboutness topics: they define the subject of a higher-order predication - namely the set of situations that the respective Q-adverb quantifies over.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Kiss2007,
  author    = {Kiss, Katalin {\´E}.},
  title     = {Topic and focus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19639},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The paper explicates the notions of topic, contrastive topic, and focus as used in the analysis of Hungarian. Based on distributional criteria, topic and focus are claimed to represent distinct structural positions in the left periphery of the Hungarian sentence, associated with logical rather than discourse functions. The topic is interpreted as the logical subject of predication. The focus is analyzed as a derived main predicate, specifying the referential content of the set denoted by the backgrounded post-focus section of the sentence. The exhaustivity associated with the focus and the existential presupposition associated with the background are shown to be properties following from their specificational predication relation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Rooth2007,
  author    = {Rooth, Mats},
  title     = {Notions of focus anaphoricity},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19622},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This article reviews some of the theoretical notions and empirical phenomena which figure in current formal-semantic theories of focus. It also develops the connection between "alternative semantics" and "givenness" accounts of focus interpretation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Krifka2007,
  author    = {Krifka, Manfred},
  title     = {Basic notions of information structure},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-939469-88-9},
  issn      = {1614-4708},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19603},
  pages     = {13 -- 55},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This article takes stock of the basic notions of Information Structure (IS). It first provides a general characterization of IS — following Chafe (1976) — within a communicative model of Common Ground(CG), which distinguishes between CG content and CG management. IS is concerned with those features of language that concern the local CG. Second, this paper defines and discusses the notions of Focus (as indicating alternatives) and its various uses, Givenness (as indicating that a denotation is already present in the CG), and Topic (as specifying what a statement is about). It also proposes a new notion, Delimitation, which comprises contrastive topics and frame setters, and indicates that the current conversational move does not entirely satisfy the local communicative needs. It also points out that rhetorical structuring partly belongs to IS.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Kasimir2006,
  author    = {Kasimir, Elke},
  title     = {On 'nicht...sondern...' (contrastive 'not...but...')},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19537},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {This article presents an analysis of German nicht...sondern... (contrastive not...but...) which departs from the commonly held view that this construction should be explained by appeal to its alleged corrective function. It will be demonstrated that in nicht A sondern B (not A but B), A and B just behave like stand-alone unmarked answers to a common question Q, and that this property of sondern is presuppositional in character. It is shown that from this general observation many interesting properties of nicht...sondern... follow, among them distributional differences between German 'sondern' and German 'aber' (contrastive but, concessive but), intonational requirements and exhaustivity effects. sondern's presupposition is furthermore argued to be the result of the conventionalization of conversational implicatures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{vandeVijverSennemaZimmer–Stahl2006,
  author    = {van de Vijver, Ruben and Sennema, Anke and Zimmer-Stahl, Anne},
  title     = {An analysis of pitch and duration in material used to test L2 processing of words},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19583},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The material reported on in this paper is part of a set of experiments in which the role of Information Structure on L2 processing of words is tested. Pitch and duration of 4 sets of experimental material in German and English are measured and analyzed in this paper. The well-known finding that accent boosts duration and pitch is confirmed. Syntactic and lexical means of marking focus, however, do not give the duration and the pitch of a word an extra boost.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmitzHoehleMuelleretal.2006,
  author    = {Schmitz, Michaela and H{\"o}hle, Barbara and M{\"u}ller, Anja and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {The recognition of the prosodic focus position in German-learning infants from 4 to 14 months},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19566},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The aim of the present study was to elucidate in a study with 4-, 6-, 8-, and 14-month-old German-learning children, when and how they may acquire the regularities which underlie Focus-to-Stress Alignment (FSA) in the target language, that is, how prosody is associated with specific communicative functions. Our findings suggest, that 14-month-olds have already found out that German allows for variable focus positions, after having gone through a development which goes from a predominantly prosodically driven processing of the input to a processing where prosody interacts more and more with the growing lexical and syntactic knowledge of the child.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Petrova2006,
  author    = {Petrova, Svetlana},
  title     = {A discourse-based approach to verb placement in early West-Germanic},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19540},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The paper presents a novel approach to explaining word order variation in the early Germanic languages. Initial observations about verb placement as a device marking types of rhetorical relations made on data from Old High German (cf. Hinterh{\"o}lzl \& Petrova 2005) are now reconsidered on a larger scale and compared with evidence from other early Germanic languages. The paper claims that the identification of information-structural domains in a sentence is best achieved by taking into account the interaction between the pragmatic features of discourse referents and properties of discourse organization.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{HartmannZimmermann2006,
  author    = {Hartmann, Katharina and Zimmermann, Malte},
  title     = {Morphological focus marking in G{\`u}r{\`u}nt{\`u}m (West Chadic)},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19525},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The paper presents an in-depth study of focus marking in G{\`u}r{\`u}nt{\`u}m, a West Chadic language spoken in Bauchi Province of Northern Nigeria. Focus in G{\`u}r{\`u}nt{\`u}m is marked morphologically by means of a focus marker a, which typically precedes the focus constituent. Even though the morphological focus-marking system of G{\`u}r{\`u}nt{\`u}m allows for a lot of fine-grained distinctions in information structure (IS) in principle, the language is not entirely free of focus ambiguities that arise as the result of conflicting IS- and syntactic requirements that govern the placement of focus markers. We show that morphological focus marking with a applies across different types of focus, such as newinformation, contrastive, selective and corrective focus, and that a does not have a second function as a perfectivity marker, as is assumed in the literature. In contrast, we show at the end of the paper that a can also function as a foregrounding device at the level of discourse structure.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EndrissHinterwimmer2006,
  author    = {Endriss, Cornelia and Hinterwimmer, Stefan},
  title     = {Quantificational Variability Effects with plural definites},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19512},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In this paper we compare the behaviour of adverbs of frequency (de Swart 1993) like usually with the behaviour of adverbs of quantity like for the most part in sentences that contain plural definites. We show that sentences containing the former type of Q-adverb evidence that Quantificational Variability Effects (Berman 1991) come about as an indirect effect of quantification over situations: in order for quantificational variability readings to arise, these sentences have to obey two newly observed constraints that clearly set them apart from sentences containing corresponding quantificational DPs, and that can plausibly be explained under the assumption that quantification over (the atomic parts of) complex situations is involved. Concerning sentences with the latter type of Q-adverb, on the other hand, such evidence is lacking: with respect to the constraints just mentioned, they behave like sentences that contain corresponding quantificational DPs. We take this as evidence that Q-adverbs like for the most part do not quantify over the atomic parts of sum eventualities in the cases under discussion (as claimed by Nakanishi and Romero (2004)), but rather over the atomic parts of the respective sum individuals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FeryDrenhaus2008,
  author    = {F{\´e}ry, Caroline and Drenhaus, Heiner},
  title     = {Single prosodic phrase sentences},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19371},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {A series of production and perception experiments investigating the prosody and well-formedness of special sentences, called Wide Focus Partial Fronting (WFPF), which consist of only one prosodic phrase and a unique initial accented argument, are reported on here. The results help us to decide between different models of German prosody. The absence of pitch height difference on the accent of the sentence speaks in favor of a relative model of prosody, in which accents are scaled relative to each other, and against models in which pitch accents are scaled in an absolute way. The results also speak for a model in which syntax, but not information structure, influences the prosodic phrasing. Finally, perception experiments show that the prosodic structure of sentences with a marked word order needs to be presented for grammaticality judgments. Presentation of written material only is not enough, and falsifies the results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HartmannJacobZimmermann2008,
  author    = {Hartmann, Katharina and Jacob, Peggy and Zimmermann, Malte},
  title     = {Focus asymmetries in Bura},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19381},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {(Chadic), which exhibits a number of asymmetries: Grammatical focus marking is obligatory only with focused subjects, where focus is marked by the particle {\´a}n following the subject. Focused subjects remain in situ and the complement of {\´a}n is a regular VP. With nonsubject foci, {\´a}n appears in a cleft-structure between the fronted focus constituent and a relative clause. We present a semantically unified analysis of focus marking in Bura that treats the particle as a focusmarking copula in T that takes a property-denoting expression (the background) and an individual-denoting expression (the focus) as arguments. The article also investigates the realization of predicate and polarity focus, which are almost never marked. The upshot of the discussion is that Bura shares many characteristic traits of focus marking with other Chadic languages, but it crucially differs in exhibiting a structural difference in the marking of focus on subjects and non-subject constituents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AsherReese2007,
  author    = {Asher, Nicholas and Reese, Brian},
  title     = {Intonation and discourse},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19399},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This paper surveys a range of constructions in which prosody affects discourse function and discourse structure.We discuss English tag questions, negative polar questions, and what we call "focus" questions. We postulate that these question types are complex speech acts and outline an analysis in Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) to account for the interactions between prosody and discourse.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hinterwimmer2007,
  author    = {Hinterwimmer, Stefan},
  title     = {The interpretation of Universally Quantified DPs and singular definites in adverbially quantified sentences},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19401},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This paper deals with the conditions under which singular definites, on the one hand, and universally quantified DPs, on the other hand, receive interpretations according to which the sets denoted by the NP-complements of the respective determiner vary with the situations quantified over by a Q-adverb. I show that in both cases such interpretations depend on the availability of situation predicates that are compatible with the presuppositions associated with the respective determiner, as co-variation in both cases comes about via the binding of a covert situation variable that is contained within the NP-complement of the respective determiner. Secondly, I offer an account for the observation that the availability of a co-varying interpretation is more constrained in the case of universally quantified DPs than in the case of singular definites, as far as word order is concerned. This is shown to follow from the fact that co-varying definites in contrast to universally quantified DPs are inherently focus-marked.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Krifka2007,
  author    = {Krifka, Manfred},
  title     = {Functional similarities between bimanual coordination and topic/comment structure},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19416},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Human manual action exhibits a differential use of a non-dominant (typically, left) and a dominant (typically, right) hand. Human communication exhibits a pervasive structuring of utterances into topic and comment. I will point out striking similarities between the coordination of hands in bimanual actions, and the structuring of utterances in topics and comments. I will also show how principles of bimanual coordination influence the expression of topic/comment structure in sign languages and in gestures accompanying spoken language, and suggest that bimanual coordination might have been a preadaptation of the development of information structure in human communication.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Fiedler2007,
  author    = {Fiedler, Ines},
  title     = {Focus expressions in Foodo},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19428},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This paper aims at presenting different ways of expressing focus in Foodo, a Guang language. We can differentiate between marked and unmarked focus strategies. The marked focus expressions are first syntactically characterized: the focused constituent is in sentence-initial position and is second always marked obligatorily by a focus marker, which is nɩ for non-subjects and N for subjects. Complementary to these structures, Foodo knows an elliptic form consisting of the focused constituent and a predication marker gɛ́. It will be shown that the two focus markers can be analyzed as having developed out of the homophone conjunction nɩ and that the constraints on the use of the focus markers can be best explained by this fact.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Schwarz2007,
  author    = {Schwarz, Anne},
  title     = {The particles l{\´e} and l{\´a} in the grammar of Konkomba},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19449},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The paper investigates focus marking devices in the scarcely documented North-Ghanaian Gur language Konkomba. The two particles l{\´e} and l{\´a} occur under specific focus conditions and are therefore regarded as focus markers in the sparse literature. Comparing the distribution and obligatoriness of both alleged focus markers however, I show that one of the particles, l{\´e}, is better analyzed as a connective particle, i.e. as a syntactic rather than as a genuine pragmatic marker, and that comparable syntactic focus marking strategies for sentence-initial constituents are also known from related languages.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HellmuthSkopeteas2007,
  author    = {Hellmuth, Sam and Skopeteas, Stavros},
  title     = {Information structure in linguistic theory and in speech production : validation of a Cross-Linguistic data set},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-939469-72-8},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19450},
  pages     = {141 -- 186},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The aim of this paper is to validate a dataset collected by means of production experiments which are part of the Questionnaire on Information Structure. The experiments generate a range of information structure contexts that have been observed in the literature to induce specific constructions. This paper compares the speech production results from a subset of these experiments with specific claims about the reflexes of information structure in four different languages. The results allow us to evaluate and in most cases validate the efficacy of our elicitation paradigms, to identify potentially fruitful avenues of future research, and to highlight issues involved in interpreting speech production data of this kind.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KueglerSkopeteasVerhoeven2007,
  author    = {K{\"u}gler, Frank and Skopeteas, Stavros and Verhoeven, Elisabeth},
  title     = {Encoding information structure in Yucatec Maya},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19469},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The aim of this paper is to outline the means for encoding information structure in Yucatec Maya. Yucatec Maya is a tone language, displaying a three-fold opposition in the tonal realization of syllables. From the morpho-syntactic point of view, the grammar of Yucatec Maya contains morphological (topic affixes, morphological marking of out-of-focus predicates) and syntactic (designated positions) means to uniquely specify syntactic constructions for their information structure. After a descriptive overview of these phenomena, we present experimental evidence which reveals the impact of the nonavailability of prosodic alternatives on the choice of syntactic constructions in language production.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Jannedy2007,
  author    = {Jannedy, Stefanie},
  title     = {Prosodic focus in Vietnamese},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19478},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This paper reports on pilot work on the expression of Information Structure in Vietnamese and argues that Focus in Vietnamese is exclusively expressed prosodically: there are no specific focus markers, and the language uses phonology to express intonational emphasis in similar ways to languages like English or German. The exploratory data indicates that (i) focus is prosodically expressed while word order remains constant, (ii) listeners show good recoverability of the intended focus structure, and (iii) that there is a trading relationship between several phonetic parameters (duration, f0, amplitude) involved to signal prosodic (acoustic) emphasis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Siegmueller2008,
  author    = {Siegm{\"u}ller, Julia},
  title     = {Der Gebrauch lexikalischer Erwerbsbeschr{\"a}nkungen bei Kindern mit Williams-Beuren-Syndrom},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18889},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Studie zum mentalen Lexikon bei Kindern mit Williams-Beuren-Syndrom (WBS) pr{\"a}sentiert. Das Lexikon junger WBS-Kinder entwickelt sich verz{\"o}gert (Mervis \& Robinson, 2000). Trotzdem gilt das Lexikon jugendlicher WBS-Probanden im Vergleich zu Probanden mit anderen Syndromen als elaboriert (Wang et al. 1995). Dies k{\"o}nnte auf sich sp{\"a}t entwickelnde Sprachf{\"a}higkeiten hindeuten. Es wird vermutet, dass ab 11 Jahren Ver{\"a}nderungen stattfinden, durch die das typische Profil des WBS erst entsteht (Rossen et al. 1996). Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, sich der Aufholphase zu n{\"a}hern, indem die lexikalischen F{\"a}higkeiten vor dem kritischen Alter untersucht werden. Dazu werden zwei lexical constraints untersucht, die Markman (1989) f{\"u}r den ungest{\"o}rten Lexikonerwerb postuliert. Whole object constraint (WOC): Das Kind nimmt an, dass sich ein unfamili{\"a}res Wort auf ein ganzes Objekt bezieht. Mutual exclusivity constraint (MEC): Das Kind nimmt eine beidseitig exklusive Beziehung zwischen Wortform und Referenten an. Zum WBS gibt es eine einzige Studie zu den constraints (Stevens \& Karmiloff-Smith 1997). Die WBS-Probanden sind zu alt (7;5 bis 31;5), um Aussagen {\"u}ber die Sprachf{\"a}higkeiten in der Zeit des Spurts machen zu k{\"o}nnen. Markman postuliert die constraints als Teil des universalen Wissens von Kindern. Dementsprechend ist die Hypothese, dass die constraints auch bei WBS-Kindern aktiv sind und in experimentellen Situationen zur Anwendung kommen. Zentral f{\"u}r die Hypothese ist die Untersuchung von Vorschulalkindern. Es werden 5 WBS-Kinder (3;2-7;0) und 98 chronologisch gematchte Kontrollkinder im WOC bzw. 97 im MEC untersucht. Es wird jeweils ein Versuch zum WOC (n=9) und zum MEC (n=12) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Beim WOC-Versuch w{\"a}hlen WBS-Kinder und Kontrollkinder am h{\"a}ufigsten das Zielitem. Die WBS-Kinder w{\"a}hlen h{\"a}ufig das Teilablenkerbild. Im Einzelfallvergleich sind 4 der 5 WBS-Kinder im Vergleich zu ihrer Kontrollgruppe auff{\"a}llig. Im MEC-Versuch zeigen die ungest{\"o}rten Kinder signifikant h{\"a}ufiger auf das Bild mit dem phonologischen Ablenker als die WBS-Kinder. In der Einzelfallanalyse liegen 4 von 5 WBS-Kindern bei der Auswahl des Zielitems oberhalb des Mittelwertes ihrer Kontrollgruppe. Insgesamt ergeben sich durch das Verhalten der WBS-Kinder in den Versuchen eher Hinweise auf defizit{\"a}re perzeptuelle Einfl{\"u}sse auf die Anwendung der lexikalischen constraints als auf ihr Fehlen. Als Ursache f{\"u}r das Verhalten der WBS-Kinder wird die Detailpr{\"a}ferenzhypothese postuliert. Majerus et al.s (2003)Hypothese wird um die visuelle Verarbeitung erweitert. Diese findet lokal statt und kann nur bedingt Gattungsbegriffe aufbauen. Den {\"u}berspezifizierten Wortformen stehen Teilrepr{\"a}sentationen gegen{\"u}ber. Die entstehenden semantischen Repr{\"a}sentationen sind an konkreten Erfahrungen orientiert und verbleiben auf einer {\"u}berspezifizierten Form. Mit der Hypothese der generellen Detailpr{\"a}ferenz wird zum ersten Mal eine einheitliche Wurzel f{\"u}r das Verhalten von WBS-Kindern im Vorschulalter in verschiedenen psychologischen Fakult{\"a}ten aufgestellt. Majerus, S., Van der Linden, M., Mulder, L., Meulemans, T., \& Peters, F. (2003). Verbal short-term memory reflects the sublexical organization of the phonological language network: evidence from an incidental phonotactic learning paradigm. Journal of Memory and Language, 51, 297-306. Markman, E. (1989). Categorization and naming in children. Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Mervis, C. B. \& Robinson, B. F. (2000). Expressive vocabulary ability of toddlers with Williams syndrome or Down syndrome: a comparison. Developmental Neuropsychology, 17, 11-126. Rossen, M., Klima, E., Bellugi, U., Bihrle, A., \& Jones, W. (1996). Interaction between language and cognition: evidence from Williams syndrome. In J. H. Beitchman, N. Cohen, M. Konstantareas, \& R. Tannock (Eds.), Language, learning and behavior disorders: developmental, biological, and clinical perspectives. (367-392). New York: Cambridge University Press. Stevens, T. \& Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1997). Word learning in a special population: do individuals with Williams syndrome obey lexical constraints? Journal of Child Language, 24, 737-765. Wang, P. P., Doherty, S., Rourke, S. B., \& Bellugi, U. (1995). Unique profile of visuo-perceptual skills in a genetic syndrome. Brain and Cognition, 29, 54-65.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Lorenz2008,
  author    = {Lorenz, Antje},
  title     = {Die Verarbeitung von Nominalkomposita bei Aphasie},
  series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik},
  journal   = {Spektrum Patholinguistik},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1866-9085},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18932},
  pages     = {67 -- 81},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Auszug: In der psycho- und neurolinguistischen Morphologieforschung wird die Frage behandelt, wie polymorphematische W{\"o}rter, d. h. W{\"o}rter, die aus mehr als einem Morphem bestehen (z. B. Apfel-baum; Be-mal-ung, mal-e), im mentalen Lexikon repr{\"a}sentiert sind und wie sie verarbeitet werden. Spielt die interne morphologische Wortstruktur dabei {\"u}berhaupt eine Rolle oder sind solche W{\"o}rter ganzheitlich repr{\"a}sentiert? Die beiden großen konkurrierenden Theorien zur Verarbeitung polymorphematischer W{\"o}rter sind die Dekompositionshypothese und die Auflistungshypothese. Nach der Dekompositionshypothese werden morphologisch komplexe W{\"o}rter bei der rezeptiven Worterkennung in ihre Einzelteile aufgespalten (dekomponiert), beim expressiven Wortabruf m{\"u}ssen die zugrunde liegenden Morpheme einzeln vom Lexikon abgerufen und zu einer Vollform zusammengesetzt (komponiert) werden (z. B. Taft \& Forster 1976). Im Unterschied dazu besagt die Auflistungshypothese, dass komplexe W{\"o}rter als Vollformen im Lexikon repr{\"a}sentiert sind und abgerufen werden (Butterworth 1983). Wortbildungsregeln kommen nach der Dekompositionshypothese also grunds{\"a}tzlich zum Einsatz, w{\"a}hrend nach der Auflistungshypothese morphologische Prozesse nur bei der Verarbeitung von unbekannten Vollformen oder bei der Bildung neuer Vollformen ablaufen. [...]},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Schroeder2008,
  author    = {Schr{\"o}der, Astrid},
  title     = {Semantik},
  series = {Spektrum Patholinguistik},
  journal   = {Spektrum Patholinguistik},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1866-9085},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18922},
  pages     = {57 -- 66},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Auszug: In diesem Beitrag werden „von der Theorie zur Therapie" aktuelle theoretische Annahmen {\"u}ber die Organisation semantischer Repr{\"a}sentationen sowie der gegenw{\"a}rtige Stand der Forschungsliteratur zur Behandlung semantischer St{\"o}rungen vorgestellt. Zun{\"a}chst gebe ich einen Einblick in die Fragestellungen meiner Dissertation, in der mit zwei Reaktionszeitexperimenten insbesondere die Frage {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft wurde, ob f{\"u}r Konzepte aus biologischen semantischen Kategorien andere Organisationsprinzipien angenommen werden m{\"u}ssen als f{\"u}r Konzepte aus k{\"u}nstlichen, von Menschenhand geschaffenen semantischen Kategorien. Anschließend wird ein Einblick in die gegenw{\"a}rtige Literatur zur Therapie semantischer St{\"o}rungen und den zu erwartenden Generalisierungseffekten auf in der Therapie nicht behandelte Items gegeben. [...]},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{KlannDeliusKauschkeGluecketal.2008,
  author    = {Klann-Delius, Gisela and Kauschke, Christina and Gl{\"u}ck, Christian W. and Schr{\"o}der, Astrid and Lorenz, Antje and Domahs, Frank and Grande, Marion and Domahs, Ulrike and Frankenberg, Jenny v. and Wahl, Michael and De Kok, D{\"o}rte and Stadie, Nicole and Machleb, Franziska and Manz, Katrin and Frank, Ulrike and Sperlich, Kathrin and Vauth, Friederike and Hampel, Pamela and M{\"a}der, Mark and Sticher, Heike and Bethmann, Anja and Fischenich, Andrea and Scheich, Henning and Brechmann, Andr{\´e} and Peschke, Claudia and Ziegler, Wolfram and Kappes, Juliane and Baumg{\"a}rtner, Annette and Sonntag, Kristin and Bartels, Luise and Heide, Judith and Meinunger, Andr{\´e} and Burchert, Frank and Bohn, Christiane and Kliegl, Reinhold and Gottal, Stephanie and Berendes, Karin and Grabherr, Britta and Schneeberg, Jennifer and Wittler, Marion and Ptok, Martin and Sallat, Stephan},
  title     = {Spektrum Patholinguistik = Schwerpunktthema: der Erwerb von Lexikon und Semantik: Meilensteine, St{\"o}rungen und Therapie ; Tagungsband zum 1. Herbsttreffen Patholinguistik, 24. November 2007},
  number    = {1},
  editor    = {Wahl, Michael and Michael, Judith and Hanne, Sandra},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  organization    = {Verband f{\"u}r Patholinguistik e. V. (vpl)},
  issn      = {1869-3822},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-1719},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18688},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Der vorliegende Tagungsband enth{\"a}lt alle Beitr{\"a}ge des 1. Herbsttreffens Patholinguistik, das am 24.11.2007 an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam stattgefunden hat. Sowohl die drei Hauptvortr{\"a}ge zum Thema „Der Erwerb von Lexikon und Semantik - Meilensteine, St{\"o}rungen und Therapie" als auch die Kurzvortr{\"a}ge promovierter Patholinguisten sind ausf{\"u}hrlich dokumentiert. Außerdem enth{\"a}lt der Tagungsband die Abstracts der pr{\"a}sentierten Poster.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Pelzer2007,
  author    = {Pelzer, Lydia},
  title     = {Die Rolle von Konkordanzmarkierungen f{\"u}r die Segmentierung von Phrasen aus dem Sprachstrom : Untersuchungen bei S{\"a}uglingen und Erwachsenen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16687},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Diese Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Rolle von Konkordanzmarkierungen innerhalb einer Phrase f{\"u}r die Segmentierung eines fremden Sprachstroms. Das Merkmal der Konkordanz tritt auf, wenn alle Bestandteile einer Phrase gleichermaßen durch eine identische Markierung gekennzeichnet sind (z. B. los muchachos ricosSpanisch = die reichen M{\"a}nner). Da diese wiederkehrenden Markierungen zumeist aus Affixen bestehen, kann Konkordanz als ein Sonderfall der Flexionsmorphologie betrachtet werden. Es wurde untersucht, ob die formale Korrespondenz zwischen den Bestandteilen konkordanter Phrasen als Hinweis auf die Grenzen der linguistisch relevanten Einheit Phrase im Spracherwerb fungieren kann. Zus{\"a}tzlich wird auf das Zusammenspiel einzelner Hinweisreize untereinander eingegangen. Mit Kindern im Alter von zehn Monaten wurden vier Experimente mit dem Headturn Preference Paradigma (Jusczyk \& Aslin, 1995) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Es wurde zun{\"a}chst bei deutschen und englischen Kleinkindern untersucht, ob sie sensibel f{\"u}r gleich bleibende Suffixe innerhalb einer Phrase sind und diese f{\"u}r die Segmentierung nutzen k{\"o}nnen. Außerdem wurde das Zusammenspiel der Hinweise Konkordanz und Prosodie bei der Auffindung von Phrasengrenzen betrachtet. Es zeigte sich, dass deutsche Kinder in besonderer Weise auf konkordante Markierungen reagieren. Neben einer Sensitivit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Konkordanzmarkierungen zeigte das Ergebnis der deutschen Kinder auch, dass sie Flexionssuffixe im Deutschen bereits im Sprachstrom bemerken k{\"o}nnen. Ein solches Ergebnismuster ließ sich bei den Englisch lernenden Kindern nicht beobachten. Verschiedene Erkl{\"a}rungsm{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r diesen Unterschied werden erl{\"a}utert. Insgesamt weisen die Daten aus den Kindersprachexperimenten darauf hin, dass bereits im Alter von zehn Monaten bei Kindern eine Sensibilit{\"a}t f{\"u}r wiederholt in {\"a}hnlicher / gleicher Form auftretende sprachliche Elemente innerhalb der Dom{\"a}ne der Phrase vorhanden ist. Außerdem lassen die Resultate darauf schließen, dass Konkordanzmarkierungen bereits fr{\"u}h zur Segmentierung von kontinuierlicher Sprache verwendet werden. Diese Leistung steht in Zusammenhang mit der Beachtung von statistischen Regularit{\"a}ten im Sprachstrom. Untersuchungen dazu zeigen, dass m. H. statistischer Lernmechanismen wiederkehrende Elemente im Sprachstrom erkannt werden k{\"o}nnen (Bonatti, Pe{\~n}a, Nespor, \& Mehler, 2005; Newport \& Aslin, 2004; Saffran, 2001; Saffran, Aslin \& Newport, 1996). Anscheinend ist das Auftreten identischer Segmente innerhalb einer relativ kleinen Dom{\"a}ne im Sprachstrom f{\"u}r Lerner ein hervorstechendes Merkmal, das dazu beitr{\"a}gt, diese Dom{\"a}ne aus dem Signal hervorzuheben und somit die Segmentierung des Sprachstroms in kleinere Anteile zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Neben den Untersuchungen mit den Kleinkindern wurden zus{\"a}tzlich drei Reaktionszeitexperimente mit deutschen und englischen Erwachsenen zur Rolle von Konkordanzmarkierungen bei der Verarbeitung der Fremdsprachen Spanisch, Suaheli und (f{\"u}r die englischen Probanden) Deutsch durchgef{\"u}hrt. Das erste Experiment befasste sich mit der Stimulussprache Spanisch, in der es bei Konkordanz zum mehrfachen Auftreten von identischen Suffixen mit Vollvokalen kommt. Dabei war zu beobachten, dass deutsche und englische Muttersprachler die zu erinnernden Phrasen besser in einem kontinuierlichen spanischen Sprachstrom wieder erkannten, wenn die kritischen Phrasen konkordant waren, als wenn sie nicht konkordant waren. Das zweite Experiment verwendete die Stimulussprache Suaheli (konkordante vs. nicht konkordante Pr{\"a}fixe). Dabei zeigte sich ein solches Muster ausschließlich bei den englischen Muttersprachlern. Das dritte Experiment untersuchte englische Muttersprachler mit deutschem Stimulusmaterial, wobei Konkordanz durch Suffixe markiert wird, die aus einer Schwa-Silbe bestehen. Hier ergab sich kein Hinweis f{\"u}r eine Nutzung konkordanter Markierungen bei der Erkennung von Phrasen. Als Grund daf{\"u}r wird die reduzierte Vokalqualit{\"a}t angenommen, die Schwa-Silben u.U. schwerer wahrnehmbar macht als Vollvokalsilben (z.B. Widera \& Portele, 1999; Gom{\´e}z Lacabex, Garc{\´i}a Lecumberri, \& Cooke, 2005). Es werden weitere Erkl{\"a}rungshypothesen bzgl. der Ergebnisunterschiede bei deutschen und englischen Muttersprachlern beschrieben, die auch auf den Unterschied zwischen der Verarbeitung von konkordanten Suffixen vs. Pr{\"a}fixen eingehen. Zus{\"a}tzlich erfolgt eine Diskussion der Ergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund von Annahmen {\"u}ber Arten von (nicht-)sprachlichen {\"A}hnlichkeiten und ihren Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung von {\"a}hnlichen Elementen. Die vorliegenden Daten st{\"u}tzen die Annahme von Morgan (1986), dass der Input f{\"u}r einen Sprachlerner bereits zahlreiche Hinweise {\"u}ber die Struktur der jeweiligen Sprache enth{\"a}lt. Sowohl Kleinkinder als auch erwachsene Sprachlerner scheinen f{\"u}r einen beachtlichen Teil dieser Hinweisreize sensibel zu sein. Die bislang kaum beachteten konkordante Markierungen innerhalb von Phrasen scheinen zumindest einen Teil dieser Hinweisreize auszumachen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-1537,
  title     = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632. - Vol. 10},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Schwarz, Anne},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16929},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {The 10th volume of the working paper series contains two papers contributed by SFB-members. The first paper "Single prosodic phrase sentences" by Caroline F{\´e}ry (A1) and Heiner Drenhaus (C6, University of Potsdam) investigates the prosody of Wide Focus Partial Fronting in a series of production and perception experiments. The second paper "Focus Asymmetries in Bura" by Katharina Hartmann, Peggy Jacob (B2, Humboldt University Berlin) and Malte Zimmermann (A5, University of Potsdam) explores the strategies of marking focus in Bura (Chadic).},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Huebner2007,
  author    = {H{\"u}bner, Sebastian Valentin},
  title     = {Wissensbasierte Modellierung von Audio-Signal-Klassifikatoren : zur Bioakustik von Tursiops truncatus. - 2., {\"u}berarb. Aufl.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16631},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der wissensbasierten Modellierung von Audio-Signal-Klassifikatoren (ASK) f{\"u}r die Bioakustik. Sie behandelt ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Problem, das viele Facetten umfasst. Zu diesen geh{\"o}ren artspezifische bioakustische Fragen, mathematisch-algorithmische Details und Probleme der Repr{\"a}sentation von Expertenwissen. Es wird eine universelle praktisch anwendbare Methode zur wissensbasierten Modellierung bioakustischer ASK dargestellt und evaluiert. Das Problem der Modellierung von ASK wird dabei durchg{\"a}ngig aus KDD-Perspektive (Knowledge Discovery in Databases) betrachtet. Der grundlegende Ansatz besteht darin, mit Hilfe von modifizierten KDD-Methoden und Data-Mining-Verfahren die Modellierung von ASK wesentlich zu erleichtern. Das etablierte KDD-Paradigma wird mit Hilfe eines detaillierten formalen Modells auf den Bereich der Modellierung von ASK {\"u}bertragen. Neunzehn elementare KDD-Verfahren bilden die Grundlage eines umfassenden Systems zur wissensbasierten Modellierung von ASK. Methode und Algorithmen werden evaluiert, indem eine sehr umfangreiche Sammlung akustischer Signale des Großen T{\"u}mmlers mit ihrer Hilfe untersucht wird. Die Sammlung wurde speziell f{\"u}r diese Arbeit in Eilat (Israel) angefertigt. Insgesamt werden auf Grundlage dieses Audiomaterials vier empirische Einzelstudien durchgef{\"u}hrt: - Auf der Basis von oszillographischen und spektrographischen Darstellungen wird ein ph{\"a}nomenologisches Klassifikationssystem f{\"u}r die vielf{\"a}ltigen Laute des Großen T{\"u}mmlers dargestellt. - Mit Hilfe eines Korpus halbsynthetischer Audiodaten werden verschiedene grundlegende Verfahren zur Modellierung und Anwendung von ASK in Hinblick auf ihre Genauigkeit und Robustheit untersucht. - Mit einem speziell entwickelten Clustering-Verfahren werden mehrere Tausend nat{\"u}rliche Pfifflaute des Großen T{\"u}mmlers untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden visualisiert und diskutiert. - Durch maschinelles mustererkennungsbasiertes akustisches Monitoring wird die Emissionsdynamik verschiedener Lauttypen im Verlaufe von vier Wochen untersucht. Etwa 2.5 Millionen Klicklaute werden im Anschluss auf ihre spektralen Charakteristika hin untersucht. Die beschriebene Methode und die dargestellten Algorithmen sind in vielf{\"a}ltiger Hinsicht erweiterbar, ohne dass an ihrer grundlegenden Architektur etwas ge{\"a}ndert werden muss. Sie lassen sich leicht in dem gesamten Gebiet der Bioakustik einsetzen. Hiermit besitzen sie auch f{\"u}r angrenzende Disziplinen ein hohes Potential, denn exaktes Wissen {\"u}ber die akustischen Kommunikations- und Sonarsysteme der Tiere wird in der theoretischen Biologie, in den Kognitionswissenschaften, aber auch im praktischen Naturschutz, in Zukunft eine wichtige Rolle spielen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{OttvandeVijverHoehle2006,
  author    = {Ott, Susan and van de Vijver, Ruben and H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {The effect of phonotactic constraints in German-speaking children with delayed phonological acquisition : evidence from production of word-initial consonant clusters},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16316},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In this study the effect of phonotactic constraints concerning word-initial consonant clusters in children with delayed phonological acquisition was explored. Twelve German-speaking children took part (mean age 5;1). The spontaneous speech of all children was characterized by the regular appearance of the error patterns fronting, e.g., Kuh (cow) → /tu:/, or stopping, e.g., Schaf (sheep) → /ta:f/, which were inappropriate for their chronological age. The children were asked to produce words (picture naming task, word repetition task) with initial consonant clusters, in which the application of the error patterns would violate phonotactic sequence constraints. For instance, if fronting would apply in /kl-/, e.g., Kleid (dress), it would be realized as the phontactically illegal consonant cluster /tl-/. The results indicate that phonotactic constraints affect word production in children with delayed phonological developments. Surprisingly, we found that children with fronting produced the critical consonants correctly significantly more often in word-initial consonant clusters than in words in which they appeared as singleton onsets. In addition, the results provide evidence for a similar developmental trajectory of acquisition in children with typical development and in children with delayed phonological acquisition. Keywords: Children with delayed phonological acquisition, phonotactic constraints, word-initial consonant clusters, fronting, stopping.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HoehlevandeVijverWeissenborn2006,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and van de Vijver, Ruben and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Word processing at 19 months and its relation to language performance at 30 months : a retrospective analysis of data from German learning children},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16302},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Recent research has shown that the early lexical representations children establish in their second year of life already seem to be phonologically detailed enough to allow differentiation from very similar forms. In contrast to these findings children with specific language impairment show problems in discriminating phonologically similar word forms up to school age. In our study we investigated the question whether there would be differences in the processing of phonological details in normally developing and in children with low language performance in the second year of life. This was done by a retrospective study in which in the processing of phonological details was tested by a preferential looking experiment when the children were 19 months old. At the age of 30 months children were tested with a standardized German test of language comprehension and production (SETK2). The preferential looking data at 19 months revealed an opposite reaction pattern for the two groups: while the children scoring normally in the SETK2 increase their fixations of a pictured object only when it was named with the correct word, children with later low language performance did so only when presented with a phonologically slightly deviant mispronunciation. We suggest that this pattern does not point to a specific deficit in processing phonological information in these children but might be related to an instability of early phonological representations, and/or a generalized problem of information processing as compared to typically developing children.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HoehleSchmitzMuelleretal.2006,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Schmitz, Michaela and M{\"u}ller, Anja and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {The recognition of discontinuous verbal dependencies by German 19-month-olds : evidence for lexical and structural influences on children's early processing capacities},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16297},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Recent work has shown that English-learning 18-month-olds can detect the relationship between discontinuous morphemes such as is and -ing in Grandma is always running (Gomez, 2002; Santelmann \& Jusczyk, 1998) but only at a maximum of 3 intervening syllables. In this article we examine the tracking of discontinuous dependencies in children acquiring German. Due to freer word order, German allows for greater distances between dependent elements and a greater syntactic variety of the intervening elements than English does. The aim of this study was to investigate whether factors other than distance may influence the child's capacity to recognize discontinuous elements. Our findings provide evidence that children's recognition capacities are affected not only by distance but also by their ability to linguistically analyze the material intervening between the dependent elements. We speculate that this result supports the existence of processing mechanisms that reduce a discontinuous relation to a local one based on subcategorization relations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HoehleWeissenbornKieferetal.2004,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara and Weissenborn, J{\"u}rgen and Kiefer, Dorothea and Schulz, Antje and Schmitz, Michaela},
  title     = {Functional elements in infants' speech processing : the role of determiners in the syntactic categorization of lexical elements},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16285},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {How do children determine the syntactic category of novel words? In this article we present the results of 2 experiments that investigated whether German children between 12 and 16 months of age can use distributional knowledge that determiners precede nouns and subject pronouns precede verbs to syntactically categorize adjacent novel words. Evidence from the head-turn preference paradigm shows that, although 12- to 13-month-olds cannot do this, 14- to 16-month-olds are able to use a determiner to categorize a following novel word as a noun. In contrast, no categorization effect was found for a novel word following a subject pronoun. To understand this difference we analyzed adult child-directed speech. This analysis showed that there are in fact stronger co-occurrence relations between determiners and nouns than between subject pronouns and verbs. Thus, in German determiners may be more reliable cues to the syntactic category of an adjacent novel word than are subject pronouns. We propose that the capacity to syntactically categorize novel words, demonstrated here for the first time in children this young, mediates between the recognition of the specific morphosyntactic frame in which a novel word appears and the word-to-world mapping that is needed to build up a semantic representation for the novel word.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Hoehle2005,
  author    = {H{\"o}hle, Barbara},
  title     = {Der Einstieg in die Grammatik : Spracherwerb w{\"a}hrend des ersten Lebensjahres},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16276},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Die j{\"u}ngere Forschung zum Spracherwerb hat gezeigt, dass sich schon in den ersten {\"A}ußerungen von Kindern bestimmte Strukturmerkmale der Sprache, die die Kinder lernen, zeigen, d.h., es gibt Bereiche, in denen im normalen Erwerb praktisch keine Fehler zu beobachten sind. Dies l{\"a}sst den Schluss zu, dass die Kinder entsprechendes Wissen {\"u}ber die Zielsprache bereits erwerben, bevor sie entsprechende {\"A}ußerungen produzieren. Diese fr{\"u}hen Erwerbsschritte k{\"o}nnen in erster Linie {\"u}ber die Untersuchung der Sprachwahrnehmung untersucht werden. Solche Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass Kinder schon sehr fr{\"u}h gerade f{\"u}r prosodische Eigenschaften der Sprache sensitiv sind und dass sie diese Sensitivit{\"a}t unter anderem f{\"u}r die Erkennung von Wortgrenzen einsetzen. Die fr{\"u}hen F{\"a}higkeiten zur Sprachwahrnehmung und -verarbeitung stehen offenbar in einem direkten Zusammenhang zur sp{\"a}teren lexikalischen und syntaktischen Entwicklung.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-1430,
  title     = {The notions of information structure},
  editor    = {F{\´e}ry, Caroline and Fanselow, Gisbert and Krifka, Manfred},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-939469-88-9},
  issn      = {1614-4708},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15472},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {235},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Contents: Introduction (The Editors) Basic Notions of Information Structure (Manfred Krifka) Notions of Focus Anaphoricity (Mats Rooth) Topic and Focus: Two Structural Positions Associated with Logical Functions in the Left Periphery of the Hungarian Sentence (Katalin {\´E}. Kiss) Direct and Indirect Aboutness Topics (Cornelia Endriss \& Stefan Hinterwimmer) Information Structure as Information-based Partition (Satoshi Tomioka) Focus Presuppositions (Dorit Abush) Contrastive Focus, Givenness and the Unmarked Status of "Discourse-new"(Elisabeth O. Selkirk) Contrastive Focus (Malte Zimmermann) The Fallacy of Invariant Phonological Correlates of Information Structural Notions (Caroline F{\´e}ry) Notions and Subnotions of Information Structure (Carlos Gussenhoven) The Restricted Access of Information Structure to Syntax - A Minority Report (Gisbert Fanselow) Focus and Tone (Katharina Hartmann)},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-1329,
  title     = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632. - Vol. 8},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Jannedy, Stefanie and Schwarz, Anne},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-939469-72-8},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14359},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {230},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The 8th volume of the working paper series Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure (ISIS) of the SFB 632 contains a collection of eight papers contributed by guest authors and SFB-members. The first paper on "Biased Questions" is an invited contribution by Nicholas Asher (CNRS, Laboratoire IRIT) \& Brian Reese (University of Texas at Austin). Surveying English tag questions, negative polar questions, and what they term "focus" questions, they investigate the effects of prosody on discourse function and discourse structure and analyze the interaction between prosody and discourse in SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Stefan Hinterwimmer (A2) explores the interpretation of singular definites and universally quantified DPs in adverbially quantified English sentences. He suggests that the availability of a co-varying interpretation is more constrained in the case of universally quantified DPs than in the case of singular definites, because different from universally quantified DPs, co-varying definites are inherently focus-marked. The existence of striking similarities between topic/comment structure and bimanual coordination is pointed out and investigated by Manfred Krifka (A2). Showing how principles of bimanual coordination influence the expression of topic/comment structure beyond spoken language, he suggests that bimanual coordination might have been a preadaptation of the development of Information Structure in human communication. Among the different ways of expressing focus in Foodo, an underdescribed African Guang language of the Kwa family, the marked focus constructions are the central topic of the paper by Ines Fiedler (B1 \& D2). Exploring the morphosyntactic facilities that Foodo has for focalization, she suggests that the two focus markers N and n have developed out of a homophone conjunction. Focus marking in another scarcely documented African tone language, the Gur language Konkomba, is treated by Anne Schwarz (B1 \& D2). Comparing the two alleged focus markers l{\´e} and l{\´a} of the language, she argues that l{\´e} is better interpreted as a syntactic device rather than as a focus marker and shows that this analysis is corroborated by parallels in related languages. The reflexes of Information Structure in four different European languages (French, German, Greek and Hungarian) are compared and validated by Sam Hellmuth \& Stavros Skopeteas (D2). The production data was collected with selected materials of the Questionnaire on Information Structure (QUIS) developed at the SFB. The results not only allow for an evaluation of the current elicitation paradigms, but also help to identify potentially fruitful venues of future research. Frank K{\"u}gler, Stavros Skopeteas (D2) \& Elisabeth Verhoeven (University of Bremen) give an account of the encoding of Information Structure in Yucatec Maya, a Mayan tone language spoken on the Yucatecan peninsula in Mexico. The results of a production experiment lead them to the conclusion that focus is mainly expressed by syntax in this language. Stefanie Jannedy (D3) undertakes an instrumental investigation on the expressions and interpretation of focus in Vietnamese, a language of the Mon-Khmer family contrasting six lexical tones. The data strongly suggests that focus in Vietnamese is exclusively marked by prosody (intonational emphasis expressed via duration, f0 and amplitude) and that different focus conditions can reliably be recovered. This volume offers insights into current work conducted at the SFB 632, comprising empirical and theoretical aspects of Information Structure in a multitude of languages. Several of the papers mine field work data collected during the first phase of the SFB and explore the expression of Information Structure in tone and non-tone languages from various regions of the world.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wahl2007,
  author    = {Wahl, Michael},
  title     = {Syntaktische und semantische Verarbeitung auditorisch pr{\"a}sentierter S{\"a}tze in kortiko-basalen Hirnstrukturen : eine EKP-Studie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14247},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Seit den Anf{\"a}ngen empirisch-neurowissenschaftlicher Forschung gilt Sprachkompetenz zuvorderst als eine Leistung der Hirnrinde (Kortex), jedoch wurden v. a. im Zuge sich verbessernder bildgebender Verfahren aphasische Syndrome auch nach L{\"a}sionen subkortikaler Hirnregionen, insbesondere der Basalganglien und des Thalamus nachgewiesen. Diese Strukturen liegen in der Tiefe des Gehirns und kommunizieren {\"u}ber weit gef{\"a}cherte Faserverbindungen mit dem Kortex. In erster Linie werden den Basalganglien senso-motorische Kontrollfunktionen zugewiesen. Dementsprechend werden diverse Erkrankungen, die durch St{\"o}rungen physiologischer Bewegungsabl{\"a}ufe gekennzeichnet sind (z. B. Morbus Parkinson, Chorea Huntington), auf Funktionsdefekte dieser Strukturen zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt. Der Thalamus wird h{\"a}ufig als Relaisstation des Informationsaustauschs zwischen anatomisch entfernten Arealen des Nervensystems aufgefasst. Basalganglien und Thalamus werden jedoch auch dar{\"u}ber hinausgehende Funktionen, z. B. zur Bereitstellung, Aufrechterhaltung und Auslenkung von Aufmerksamkeit bei der Bearbeitung kognitiver Aufgaben zugesprochen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mit elektrophysiologischen Methoden untersucht, ob auf der Ebene von Thalamus und Basalganglien kognitive Sprachleistungen, spezifisch der syntaktischen und semantischen Verarbeitung nachgewiesen werden k{\"o}nnen und inwieweit sich eventuell subkortikale von kortikaler Sprachverarbeitung unterscheidet. Die Untersuchung spezieller Sprachfunktionen der Basalganglien und des Thalamus ist im Rahmen der operativen Behandlung bewegungsgest{\"o}rter Patienten mit der sog. Tiefenhirnstimulation (DBS = engl. Deep Brain Stimulation) m{\"o}glich. Hierbei werden Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson Stimulationselektroden in den Nucleus subthalamicus (STN) implantiert. Bei Patienten mit generalisierten Dystonien erfolgt die Implantation in den Globus pallidus internus (GPI) und bei Patienten mit essentiellem Tremor in den Nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM). STN und GPI sind Kernareale der Basalganglien, der VIM ist Teil des motorischen Systems. Nach der Implantation besteht die M{\"o}glichkeit, direkt von diesen Elektroden elektroenzephalographische (EEG)-Signale abzuleiten und diese mit simultan abgeleiteten Oberfl{\"a}chen-EEG zu vergleichen. In dieser Arbeit wurden DBS-Patienten aus allen genannten Gruppen in Bezug auf Sprachverst{\"a}ndnisleistungen untersucht. Neben der Pr{\"a}sentation korrekter S{\"a}tze h{\"o}rten die Patienten S{\"a}tze mit syntaktischen oder semantischen Fehlern. In verschiedenen Studien wurden an der Skalp-Oberfl{\"a}che EKP-Komponenten (EKP = ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale) beschrieben, welche mit der Verarbeitung solcher Fehler in Verbindung gebracht werden. So verursachen syntaktische Phrasenstrukturverletzungen eine fr{\"u}he links-anteriore Negativierung (ELAN). Dieser Komponente folgt eine sp{\"a}te Positivierung (P600), die mit Reanalyse und Reparaturmechanismen in Verbindung gebracht wird. Semantische Verletzungen evozieren eine breite Negativierung um 400ms (N400). In den thalamischen Ableitungen wurden zwei zus{\"a}tzliche syntaktische fehlerbezogene Komponenten gefunden, die (i) ~ 80ms nach der Skalp-ELAN und (ii) ~ 70ms vor der Skalp-P600 auftraten. Bei semantischen Verletzungen wurde im Thalamus ein fehlerbezogenes Potential nachgewiesen, welches weitgehend parallel mit dem am Skalp gefundenen Muster verl{\"a}uft. Aus den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Studie folgt, dass der Thalamus spezifische Sprachfunktionen erf{\"u}llt. Komponenten, die Sprachverarbeitungsprozesse reflektieren, konnten in den Basalganglienstrukturen STN und GPI nicht identifiziert werden. Aufgrund der erhobenen Daten werden zwei getrennte Netzwerke f{\"u}r die Verarbeitung syntaktischer bzw. semantischer Fehler angenommen. In diesen Netzwerken scheint der Thalamus spezifische Aufgaben zu {\"u}bernehmen. In einem ‚Syntaxnetzwerk' kommunizieren frontale Hirnstrukturen unter Einbeziehung des Thalamus mit parietalen Hirnstrukturen. Dem Thalamus wurde eine Mediationsfunktion in der syntaktischen Reanalyse zugesprochen. In einem ‚Semantiknetzwerk' waren keine eindeutig zuordenbaren Prozesse auf thalamischer Ebene nachweisbar. Es wurde eine unscharfe, jedoch aber spezifische Aktivierung des Thalamus {\"u}ber den gesamten Zeitraum der kortikalen semantischen Analyse gezeigt, welche als Integration verschiedener Analysemechanismen gewertet wurde.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-1294,
  title     = {Information structure in cross-linguistic corpora : annotation guidelines for phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and information structure},
  editor    = {Dipper, Stefanie and Goetze, Michael and Skopeteas, Stavros},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-939469-66-7},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14199},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {210},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {This volume presents annotation guidelines that have been developed in the context of the SFB 632, a collaborative research center entitled "Information Structure: the Linguistic Means for Structuring Utterances, Sentences and Texts". An important result of the SFB 632 are the SFB corpora from more than 20 typologically different languages, which have been annotated according to the guidelines presented here. The ultimate target of the data and its annotations is to support the study of Information Structure. Information Structure involves all levels of grammar and, hence, the present guidelines cover relevant aspects of all these levels: - Phonology - Morphology - Syntax - Semantics - Information Structure These levels are dealt with in individual chapters, containing tagset declarations with obligatory and optional tags, detailed annotation instructions, and illustrative examples. The volume also presents an evaluation of inter-annotator agreement of Syntax and Information Structural annotation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-1195,
  title     = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632 - Vol. 5},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Schmitz, Michaela and Schwarz, Anne},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13047},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {221},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In this paper we compare the behaviour of adverbs of frequency (de Swart 1993) like usually with the behaviour of adverbs of quantity like for the most part in sentences that contain plural definites. We show that sentences containing the former type of Q-adverb evidence that Quantificational Variability Effects (Berman 1991) come about as an indirect effect of quantification over situations: in order for quantificational variability readings to arise, these sentences have to obey two newly observed constraints that clearly set them apart from sentences containing corresponding quantificational DPs, and that can plausibly be explained under the assumption that quantification over (the atomic parts of) complex situations is involved. Concerning sentences with the latter type of Q-adverb, on the other hand, such evidence is lacking: with respect to the constraints just mentioned, they behave like sentences that contain corresponding quantificational DPs. We take this as evidence that Q-adverbs like for the most part do not quantify over the atomic parts of sum eventualities in the cases under discussion (as claimed by Nakanishi and Romero (2004)), but rather over the atomic parts of the respective sum individuals.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schroeder2006,
  author    = {Schr{\"o}der, Astrid},
  title     = {Semantische Kategorien und Merkmalswissen : eine experimentelle Studie zur semantischen Repr{\"a}sentation konkreter Objektbegriffe},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12837},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeit untersucht die Annahme einer unterschiedlichen Gewichtung von distinktiven enzyklop{\"a}dischen, funktionalen und sensorischen Merkmalen innerhalb der Repr{\"a}sentationen von Objekten der belebten und unbelebten semantischen Dom{\"a}ne. Hierzu wurde ein Reaktionszeitexperiment zur Merkmalsverifikation durchgef{\"u}hrt. Vorab wurden deutsche Normen {\"u}ber das gesch{\"a}tzte Erwerbsalter f{\"u}r 244 Stimuli aus dem Korpus von Snodgrass \& Vanderwart (1980) erhoben. Weiterhin wurde eine Datenbank von Merkmalsnormen f{\"u}r 80 konkrete Objektbegriffe erstellt. Insgesamt wurden zwei Reaktionszeitexperimente durchgef{\"u}hrt, die sich lediglich durch die Darbietungsdauer des Konzeptbegriffes unterschieden. Der Konzeptbegriff wurde entweder 1000 ms (lange Darbietung) oder 250 ms (kurze Darbietung) pr{\"a}sentiert, bevor das zu verifizierende semantische Merkmal erschien. Bei langer Pr{\"a}sentationszeit des Objektbegriffes zeigten sich f{\"u}r Objekte der unbelebten Dom{\"a}ne schnellere Reaktionszeiten beim Verifizieren von distinktiven funktionalen Merkmalen als beim Verifizieren von distinktiven enzyklop{\"a}dischen Merkmalen. Dieser Effekt wurde bei kurzer Darbietungsdauer des Konzeptbegriffes repliziert. Bei kurzer Darbietung konnten f{\"u}r Objekte der unbelebten Dom{\"a}ne zus{\"a}tzlich k{\"u}rzere Reaktionszeiten beim Verifizieren distinktiver funktionaler Merkmale als beim Verifizieren distinktiver sensorischer Merkmale beobachtet werden. F{\"u}r Objekte der belebten Dom{\"a}ne lagen weder nach kurzer noch nach langer Pr{\"a}sentation des Objektbegriffes Unterschiede in den Reaktionszeiten beim Verifizieren der semantischen Merkmale vor. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund aktueller neurolinguistischer Modelle zur Organisation des semantischen Ged{\"a}chtnisses diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass innerhalb der Objektrepr{\"a}sentationen belebter Objekte alle drei Merkmalstypen interkorrelieren. F{\"u}r Objekte der unbelebten Dom{\"a}ne werden starke Interkorrelationen zwischen funktionalen und sensorischen Merkmalen angenommen. Zus{\"a}tzlich wird davon ausgegangen, dass distinktive funktionale Merkmale innerhalb der Repr{\"a}sentationen unbelebter Objekte besonders stark gewichtet sind.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Domahs2006,
  author    = {Domahs, Frank},
  title     = {Semantische Repr{\"a}sentation, obligatorische Aktivierung und verbale Produktion arithmetischer Fakten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12506},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Repr{\"a}sentation und Verarbeitung arithmetischer Fakten. Dieser Bereich semantischen Wissens eignet sich unter anderem deshalb besonders gut als Forschungsgegenstand, weil nicht nur seine einzelne Bestandteile, sondern auch die Beziehungen dieser Bestandteile untereinander außergew{\"o}hnlich gut definierbar sind. Kognitive Modelle k{\"o}nnen also mit einem Grad an Pr{\"a}zision entwickelt werden, der in anderen Bereichen kaum je zu erreichen sein wird. Die meisten aktuellen Modelle stimmen darin {\"u}berein, die Repr{\"a}sentation arithmetischer Fakten als eine assoziative, netzwerkartig organisierte Struktur im deklarativen Ged{\"a}chtnis zu beschreiben. Trotz dieser grunds{\"a}tzlichen {\"U}bereinstimmung bleibt eine Reihe von Fragen offen. In den hier vorgestellten Untersuchungen werden solche offene Fragen in Hinsicht auf drei verschiedene Themenbereiche angegangen: 1) die neuroanatomischen Korrelate 2) Nachbarschaftskonsistenzeffekte bei der verbalen Produktion sowie 3) die automatische Aktivierung arithmetischer Fakten. In einer kombinierten fMRT- und Verhaltensstudie wurde beispielsweise der Frage nachgegangen, welche neurofunktionalen Entsprechungen es f{\"u}r den Erwerb arithmetischer Fakten bei Erwachsenen gibt. Den Ausgangspunkt f{\"u}r diese Untersuchung bildete das Triple-Code-Modell von Dehaene und Cohen, da es als einziges auch Aussagen {\"u}ber neuroanatomische Korrelate numerischer Leistungen macht. Das Triple-Code-Modell geht davon aus, dass zum Abruf arithmetischer Fakten eine „perisylvische" Region der linken Hemisph{\"a}re unter Einbeziehung der Stammganglien sowie des Gyrus angularis n{\"o}tig ist (Dehaene \& Cohen, 1995; Dehaene \& Cohen, 1997; Dehaene, Piazza, Pinel, \& Cohen, 2003). In der aktuellen Studie sollten gesunde Erwachsene komplexe Multiplikationsaufgaben etwa eine Woche lang intensiv {\"u}ben, so dass ihre Beantwortung immer mehr automatisiert erfolgt. Die L{\"o}sung dieser ge{\"u}bten Aufgaben sollte somit - im Gegensatz zu vergleichbaren unge{\"u}bten Aufgaben - immer st{\"a}rker auf Faktenabruf als auf der Anwendung von Prozeduren und Strategien beruhen. Hingegen sollten unge{\"u}bte Aufgaben im Vergleich zu ge{\"u}bten h{\"o}here Anforderungen an exekutive Funktionen einschließlich des Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnisses stellen. Nach dem Training konnten die Teilnehmer - wie erwartet - ge{\"u}bte Aufgaben deutlich schneller und sicherer beantworten als unge{\"u}bte. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden sie auch im Magnetresonanztomografen untersucht. Dabei konnte zun{\"a}chst best{\"a}tigt werden, dass das L{\"o}sen von Multiplikationsaufgaben allgemein von einem vorwiegend linkshemisph{\"a}rischen Netzwerk frontaler und parietaler Areale unterst{\"u}tzt wird. Das wohl wichtigste Ergebnis ist jedoch eine Verschiebung der Hirnaktivierungen von eher frontalen Aktivierungsmustern zu einer eher parietalen Aktivierung und innerhalb des Parietallappens vom Sulcus intraparietalis zum Gyrus angularis bei den ge{\"u}bten im Vergleich zu den unge{\"u}bten Aufgaben. So wurde die zentrale Bedeutung von Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnis- und Planungsleistungen f{\"u}r komplexe unge{\"u}bte Rechenaufgaben erneut herausgestellt. Im Sinne des Triple-Code-Modells k{\"o}nnte die Verschiebung innerhalb des Parietallappens auf einen Wechsel von quantit{\"a}tsbasierten Rechenleistungen (Sulcus intraparietalis) zu automatisiertem Faktenabruf (linker Gyrus angularis) hindeuten. Gibt es bei der verbalen Produktion arithmetischer Fakten Nachbarschaftskonsistenzeffekte {\"a}hnlich zu denen, wie sie auch in der Sprachverarbeitung beschrieben werden? Solche Effekte sind nach dem aktuellen „Dreiecksmodell" von Verguts \& Fias (2004) zur Repr{\"a}sentation von Multiplikationsfakten erwartbar. Demzufolge sollten richtige Antworten leichter gegeben werden k{\"o}nnen, wenn sie Ziffern mit m{\"o}glichst vielen semantisch nahen falschen Antworten gemeinsam haben. M{\"o}glicherweise sollten demnach aber auch falsche Antworten dann mit gr{\"o}ßerer Wahrscheinlichkeit produziert werden, wenn sie eine Ziffer mit der richtigen Antwort teilen. Nach dem Dreiecksmodell w{\"a}re dar{\"u}ber hinaus sogar der klassische Aufgabengr{\"o}ßeneffekt bei einfachen Multiplikationsaufgaben (Zbrodoff \& Logan, 2004) auf die Konsistenzverh{\"a}ltnisse der richtigen Antwort mit semantisch benachbarten falschen Antworten zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren. In einer Reanalyse der Fehlerdaten von gesunden Probanden (Campbell, 1997) und einem Patienten (Domahs, Bartha, \& Delazer, 2003) wurden tats{\"a}chlich Belege f{\"u}r das Vorhandensein von Zehnerkonsistenzeffekten beim L{\"o}sen einfacher Multiplikationsaufgaben gefunden. Die Versuchspersonen bzw. der Patient hatten solche falschen Antworten signifikant h{\"a}ufiger produziert, welche die gleiche Zehnerziffer wie das richtigen Ergebnisses aufwiesen, als ansonsten vergleichbare andere Fehler. Damit wird die Annahme unterst{\"u}tzt, dass die Zehner- und die Einerziffern zweistelliger Zahlen separate Repr{\"a}sentationen aufweisen - bei der Multiplikation (Verguts \& Fias, 2004) wie auch allgemein bei numerischer Verarbeitung (Nuerk, Weger, \& Willmes, 2001; Nuerk \& Willmes, 2005). Zus{\"a}tzlich dazu wurde in einer Regressionsanalyse {\"u}ber die Fehlerzahlen auch erstmalig empirische Evidenz f{\"u}r die Hypothese vorgelegt, dass der klassische Aufgabengr{\"o}ßeneffekt beim Abruf von Multiplikationsfakten auf Zehnerkonsistenzeffekte zur{\"u}ckf{\"u}hrbar ist: Obwohl die Aufgabengr{\"o}ße als erster Pr{\"a}diktor in das Modell einging, wurde diese Variable wieder verworfen, sobald ein Maß f{\"u}r die Nachbarschaftskonsistenz der richtigen Antwort in das Modell aufgenommen wurde. Schließlich wurde in einer weiteren Studie die automatische Aktivierung von Multiplikationsfakten bei gesunden Probanden mit einer Zahlenidentifikationsaufgabe (Galfano, Rusconi, \& Umilta, 2003; Lefevre, Bisanz, \& Mrkonjic, 1988; Thibodeau, Lefevre, \& Bisanz, 1996) untersucht. Dabei sollte erstmals die Frage beantwortet werden, wie sich die automatische Aktivierung der eigentlichen Multiplikationsergebnisse (Thibodeau et al., 1996) zur Aktivierung benachbarter falscher Antworten (Galfano et al., 2003) verh{\"a}lt. Ferner sollte durch die Pr{\"a}sentation mit verschiedenen SOAs der zeitliche Verlauf dieser Aktivierungen aufgekl{\"a}rt werden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie k{\"o}nnen insgesamt als Evidenz f{\"u}r das Vorhandensein und die automatische, obligatorische Aktivierung eines Netzwerkes arithmetischer Fakten bei gesunden, gebildeten Erwachsenen gewertet werden, in dem die richtigen Produkte st{\"a}rker mit den Faktoren assoziiert sind als benachbarte Produkte (Operandenfehler). Dabei f{\"u}hren Produkte kleiner Aufgaben zu einer st{\"a}rkeren Interferenz als Produkte großer Aufgaben und Operandenfehler großer Aufgaben zu einer st{\"a}rkeren Interferenz als Operandenfehler kleiner Aufgaben. Ein solches Aktivierungsmuster passt gut zu den Vorhersagen des Assoziationsverteilungsmodells von Siegler (Lemaire \& Siegler, 1995; Siegler, 1988), bei dem kleine Aufgaben eine schmalgipflige Verteilung der Assoziationen um das richtige Ergebnis herum aufweisen, große Aufgaben jedoch eine breitgipflige Verteilung. Somit sollte die vorliegende Arbeit etwas mehr Licht in bislang weitgehend vernachl{\"a}ssigte Aspekte der Repr{\"a}sentation und des Abrufs arithmetischer Fakten gebracht haben: Die neuronalen Korrelate ihres Erwerbs, die Konsequenzen ihrer Einbindung in das Stellenwertsystem mit der Basis 10 sowie die spezifischen Auswirkungen ihrer assoziativen semantischen Repr{\"a}sentation auf ihre automatische Aktivierbarkeit. Literatur Campbell, J. I. (1997). On the relation between skilled performance of simple division and multiplication. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23, 1140-1159. Dehaene, S. \& Cohen, L. (1995). Towards an anatomical and functional model of number processing. Mathematical Cognition, 1, 83-120. Dehaene, S. \& Cohen, L. (1997). Cerebral pathways for calculation: double dissociation between rote verbal and quantitative knowledge of arithmetic. Cortex, 33, 219-250. Dehaene, S., Piazza, M., Pinel, P., \& Cohen, L. (2003). Three parietal circuits for number processing. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 20, 487-506. Domahs, F., Bartha, L., \& Delazer, M. (2003). Rehabilitation of arithmetic abilities: Different intervention strategies for multiplication. Brain and Language, 87, 165-166. Galfano, G., Rusconi, E., \& Umilta, C. (2003). Automatic activation of multiplication facts: evidence from the nodes adjacent to the product. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A, 56, 31-61. Lefevre, J. A., Bisanz, J., \& Mrkonjic, L. (1988). Cognitive arithmetic: evidence for obligatory activation of arithmetic facts. Memory and Cognition, 16, 45-53. Lemaire, P. \& Siegler, R. S. (1995). Four aspects of strategic change: contributions to children's learning of multiplication. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124, 83-97. Nuerk, H. C., Weger, U., \& Willmes, K. (2001). Decade breaks in the mental number line? Putting the tens and units back in different bins. Cognition, 82, B25-B33. Nuerk, H. C. \& Willmes, K. (2005). On the magnitude representations of two-digit numbers. Psychology Science, 47, 52-72. Siegler, R. S. (1988). Strategy choice procedures and the development of multiplication skill. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 258-275. Thibodeau, M. H., Lefevre, J. A., \& Bisanz, J. (1996). The extension of the interference effect to multiplication. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, 393-396. Verguts, T. \& Fias, W. (2004). Neighborhood Effects in Mental Arithmetic. Psychology Science. Zbrodoff, N. J. \& Logan, G. D. (2004). What everyone finds: The problem-size effect. In J. I. D. Campbell (Hrsg.), Handbook of Mathematical Cognition (pp.331-345). New York, NY: Psychology Press.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{SkopeteasFiedlerHellmuthetal.2006,
  author    = {Skopeteas, Stavros and Fiedler, Ines and Hellmuth, Sam and Schwarz, Anne and Stoel, Ruben and Fanselow, Gisbert and F{\´e}ry, Caroline and Krifka, Manfred},
  title     = {Questionnaire on information structure (OUIS): reference manual},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-939469-14-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12413},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {263},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Information Structure 2 Grammatical Correlates of Information Structure 3 Structure of the Questionnaire 4 Experimental Tasks 5 Technicalities 6 Archiving 7 Acknowledgments Chapter 2. General Questions 1 General Information 2 Phonology 3 Morphology and Syntax Chapter 3. Experimental tasks 1 Changes (Given/New in Intransitives and Transitives) 2 Giving (Given/New in Ditransitives) 3 Visibility (Given/New, Animacy and Type/Token Reference) 4 Locations (Given/New in Locative Expressions) 5 Sequences (Given/New/Contrast in Transitives) 6 Dynamic Localization (Given/New in Dynamic Loc. Descriptions) 7 Birthday Party (Weight and Discourse Status) 8 Static Localization (Macro-Planning and Given/New in Locatives) 9 Guiding (Presentational Utterances) 10 Event Cards (All New) 11 Anima (Focus types and Animacy) 12 Contrast (Contrast in pairing events) 13 Animal Game (Broad/Narrow Focus in NP) 14 Properties (Focus on Property and Possessor) 15 Eventives (Thetic and Categorical Utterances) 16 Tell a Story (Contrast in Text) 17 Focus Cards (Selective, Restrictive, Additive, Rejective Focus) 18 Who does What (Answers to Multiple Constituent Questions) 19 Fairy Tale (Topic and Focus in Coherent Discourse) 20 Map Task (Contrastive and Selective Focus in Spontaneous Dialogue) 21 Drama (Contrastive Focus in Argumentation) 22 Events in Places (Spatial, Temporal and Complex Topics) 23 Path Descriptions (Topic Change in Narrative) 24 Groups (Partial Topic) 25 Connections (Bridging Topic) 26 Indirect (Implicational Topic) 27 Surprises (Subject-Topic Interrelation) 28 Doing (Action Given, Action Topic) 29 Influences (Question Priming) Chapter 4. Translation tasks 1 Basic Intonational Properties 2 Focus Translation 3 Topic Translation 4 Quantifiers Chapter 5. Information structure summary survey 1 Preliminaries 2 Syntax 3 Morphology 4 Prosody 5 Summary: Information structure Chapter 6. Performance of Experimental Tasks in the Field 1 Field sessions 2 Field Session Metadata 3 Informants' Agreement},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-1107,
  title     = {Optimality theory and minimalism : a possible convergence?},
  editor    = {Broekhuis, Hans and Vogel, Ralf},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-939469-54-4},
  issn      = {1616-7392},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11909},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {vii ; 231},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {This issue of Linguistics in Potsdam contains a number of papers that grew out of the workshop Descriptive and Empirical Adequacy in Linguistics held in Berlin on December 17-19 December, 2005. One of the goals of this meeting was to bring together scholars working in various frameworks (with emphasis on the Minimalist Program and Optimality Theory) and to discuss matters concerning descriptive and empirical adequacy. Another explicit goal was to discuss the question whether Minimalism and Optimality Theory should be considered incompatible and, hence, competing theories, or whether the two frameworks should rather be considered complementary in certain respects (see http://let.uvt.nl/deal05/call.html for the call for papers). Five of the seven papers in this volume directly grew out of the oral presentations given at the workshop. Although Vieri Samek-Lodovici's paper was not part of the workshop, it can also be considered a result of the workshop since it pulls together some of his many comments during the discussion time. The paper by Eva Engels and Sten Vikner discusses a phenomenon that received much interest from both minimalist and optimality theoretic syntax in the recent years, Scandinavian object shift. The paper may serve as a practical example for a claim that is repeatedly made in this volume: minimalist and OT analyses, even where they might be competing, can fruitfully inform each other in a constructive manner, leading to a deeper understanding of syntactic phenomena.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{BlaszczakFischer2001,
  author    = {Blaszczak, Joanna and Fischer, Susann},
  title     = {Multiple Wh-Konstruktionen im Slavischen : state of the art report},
  issn      = {1864-1857},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10973},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine kritische {\"U}bersicht {\"u}ber den Forschungsstand zu multiplen Wh-Konstruktionen im Slavischen dar. Das Ziel ist es, die Unklarheit der Datenlage und die Widerspr{\"u}chlichkeit der auf solchen "unklaren" Daten basierten Theorien aufzuzeigen. Inhalt: Historischer Hintergrund (Wachowicz 1974) Einige {\"a}ltere Ans{\"a}tze H{\"o}hepunkt: die folgenschwere Arbeit von Rudin (1988) Probleme: - Das Problem der Zuverl{\"a}sslichkeit von Daten - Das Problem der Relevanz von Daten "Harte" Fakten: - Strikte Superiorit{\"a}tseffekte im Bulgarischen - Obligatorische Wh-Anhebung im Slavischen Neuere Ans{\"a}tze: - "Qualitative" Ans{\"a}tze - "Quantitative" Ans{\"a}tze - Alternative Ans{\"a}tze},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-1011,
  title     = {Experimental studies in linguistics 1},
  editor    = {Fischer, Susann and van de Vijver, Ruben and Vogel, Ralf},
  issn      = {1864-1857},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10960},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {This is the first issue of a series in which affiliates of the Institute of Linguistics report the results of their experimental work. Generative linguistics usually rely on the method of native speaker judgements in order to test their hypotheses. If a hypothesis rules out a set of sentences, linguistics can ask native speakers whether they feel these sentences are indeed ungrammatical in their language. There are, however, circumstances where this method is unreliable. In such cases a more elaborate method to test a hypothesis is called. All papes in this series, and hence, all papers in this volume deal with issues that cannot be reliably tested with native speaker judgements. This volume contains 7 papers, all using different methods and finding answers to very different questions. This heterogenity, by the way, reflects the various interests and research programs of the institute. The paper, by Trutkowski, Zugck, Blaszczak, Fanselow, Fischer and Vogel deals with superiority in 10 Indo-European languages. The paper by Schlesewsky, Fanselow and Frisch and by Schlesewsky and Frisch, deal with the role of case in processing German sentences. The paper by Vogel and Frisch deals with resolving case conflicts, as does the paper by Vogel and Zugck. The nature of partitive case is the topic of the paper by Fischer. The paper by K?gler deals with the realization of question intonation in two German dialects. We hope that you enjoy reading the papers!},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-1006,
  title     = {Three papers on German verb movement},
  editor    = {Vogel, Ralf},
  isbn      = {978-3-937786-07-0},
  issn      = {1864-1857},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10934},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This volume offers new arguments and perspectives in the ongoing debate about the optimal analysis of verb movement, mainly, but not exclusively, in German. Fanselow and Meinunger deal with verb second (V2) movement in German main clauses. Fanselow argues that head movement of the substitution type follows the standard minimalist conceptions of Merge and Move and is therefore not subject to the same objections as head movement as head adjunction which violates Chomsky's minimalist extension condition, operates countercyclically, and fails to let the moved head c-command its trace. Fanselow argues for V2 movement as head movement of the substitution type. Meinunger discusses a restriction on V2 movement imposed by phrases like "mehr als" ('more than'), as in "Der Wert hat sich weit mehr als verdreifacht" ('the value has far more than tripled') where V2 movement is ruled out (cf. *"Der Wert verdreifachte sich mehr als"). Meinunger claims that this restriction is best analysed in phonological terms: the preposition/complementiser "als" acts as a prefixal clitic to its host, the finite verb, which therefore may not move without it. With respect to the V2 debate, Meinunger argues for an interface perspective. He shows that V2 is restricted from both the conceptual and the phonological interface. Vogel, finally, discusses the syntax of clause-final verbal complexes and their dialectal variation in German. He compares three different syntactic analyses, a minimalist head movement analysis, a minimalist XP movement analysis, and an Optimality theoretic PF movement analysis. The three accounts are evaluated relative to the additional assumptions they have to make, the complications they face and how they fit the observations. Vogel argues in favour of the phonologically oriented OT analysis because of its ability to create a direct link between the coming about of a particular word order pattern and its basically phonological trigger. Each of the three papers recognises the relevance of surface forms in the analysis of German verb movement. They differ, however in the extent to which phonological aspects take part in the explanations they offer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Fery2004,
  author    = {F{\´e}ry, Caroline},
  title     = {Phonologie des Deutschen},
  series = {Linguistics in Potsdam},
  journal   = {Linguistics in Potsdam},
  number    = {7},
  edition   = {3., {\"u}berarb. Aufl.},
  issn      = {1864-1857},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10916},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Inhalt: Kapitel 1: Phonetische Grundlagen: Akustische Phonetik Kapitel 2: Phonetische Grundlagen: Artikulatorische Phonetik Kapitel 3: Segment und Allophonie Kapitel 4: Distinktive Merkmale Kapitel 5: Die Silbe: prosodische Struktur der W{\"o}rter Kapitel 6: Derivationen und OT: die phonologischen Theorien},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{OPUS4-964,
  title     = {brandial'06 : Proceedings of the 10th Workshop on the semantics and pragmatics of dialogue (SemDial-10)},
  editor    = {Schlangen, David and Fern{\´a}ndez, Raquel},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-939469-29-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10484},
  pages     = {vii ; 201},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {brandial06 was the tenth in a series of workshops that aims to bring together researchers working on the semantics and pragmatics of dialogues in fields such as artificial intelligence, formal semantics and pragmatics, computational linguistics, philosophy, and psychology. This volume collects all presented papers and posters and gives abstracts of the invited talks.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Postler2006,
  author    = {Postler, Jenny},
  title     = {Die neuronale Verarbeitung von Nomen und Verben},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10214},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Seit etwa zwei Jahrzehnten stellt die kognitive und neuronale Verarbeitung von Nomen und Verben einen bedeutsamen Forschungsschwerpunkt im Bereich der Neurolinguistik und Neuropsychologie dar. Intensive Forschungsbem{\"u}hungen der letzten Jahre erbrachten eine Reihe von Ergebnissen, die jedoch {\"u}berwiegend inkonsistent und widerspr{\"u}chlich sind. Eine h{\"a}ufig vertretene Annahme im Bezug auf die neuronale Basis der Nomen und Verb Verarbeitung ist die so genannte anterior-posterior Dissoziation. Demnach werden Nomen in temporalen und Verben in frontalen Regionen der sprachdominanten, linken Hemisph{\"a}re verarbeitet. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht mit Hilfe der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomographie, welche kortikalen Regionen in den Abruf von Nomen und Verben beim stillen Bildbennen involviert sind. Ferner wird der Einfluss des Faktors age-of-acquisition (Erwerbsalter) auf die Hirnaktivierung beim Bildbenennen {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass der Abruf von Nomen und Verben {\"a}hnliche kortikale Aktivierungen in bilateral okzipitalen sowie links frontalen, temporalen und inferior parietalen Regionen hervorruft, wobei f{\"u}r Verben st{\"a}rkere Aktivierungen in links frontalen und bilateral temporalen Arealen beobachtet wurden. Dieses Ergebnis widerspricht der Annahme einer anterior-posterior Dissoziation. Die beobachteten Aktivierungsmuster unterst{\"u}tzen dagegen die Auffassung, dass ein gemeinsames Netzwerk bestehend aus anterioren und posterioren Komponenten f{\"u}r die Verarbeitung von Nomen und Verben beim Bildbenennen verantwortlich ist. Die Studie ergab ferner, dass kortikale Aktivierungen beim Bildbenennen durch das Erwerbsalter moduliert werden. Dabei zeigten sich Aktivierungen f{\"u}r sp{\"a}ter erworbene W{\"o}rter im linken inferioren Frontallappen und im basal temporalen Sprachareal. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und interpretiert vor dem Hintergrund aktueller kognitiver und neuroanatomischer Modelle der Sprachverarbeitung.},
  subject      = {Nomen},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{PflegerAlexandersson2006,
  author    = {Pfleger, Norbert and Alexandersson, Jan},
  title     = {Towards resolving referring expressions by implicitly activated referents in practical dialogue systems},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10187},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {We present an extension to a comprehensive context model that has been successfully employed in a number of practical conversational dialogue systems. The model supports the task of multimodal fusion as well as that of reference resolution in a uniform manner. Our extension consists of integrating implicitly mentioned concepts into the context model and we show how they serve as candidates for reference resolution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JannedyMendozaDenton2005,
  author    = {Jannedy, Stefanie and Mendoza-Denton, Norma},
  title     = {Structuring information through gesture and intonation},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8774},
  pages     = {199 -- 244},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Face-to-face communication is multimodal. In unscripted spoken discourse we can observe the interaction of several "semiotic layers", modalities of information such as syntax, discourse structure, gesture, and intonation. We explore the role of gesture and intonation in structuring and aligning information in spoken discourse through a study of the co-occurrence of pitch accents and gestural apices. Metaphorical spatialization through gesture also plays a role in conveying the contextual relationships between the speaker, the government and other external forces in a naturally-occurring political speech setting.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SennemavandeVijverCarrolletal.2005,
  author    = {Sennema, Anke and van de Vijver, Ruben and Carroll, Susanne E. and Zimmer-Stahl, Anne},
  title     = {Focus accent, word length and position as cues to L1 and L2 word recognition},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8769},
  pages     = {183 -- 198},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The present study examines native and nonnative perceptual processing of semantic information conveyed by prosodic prominence. Five groups of German learners of English each listened to one of 5 experimental conditions. Three conditions differed in place of focus accent in the sentence and two conditions were with spliced stimuli. The experiment condition was presented first in the learners' L1 (German) and then in a similar set in the L2 (English). The effect of the accent condition and of the length and position of the target in the sentence was evaluated in a probe recognition task. In both the L1 and L2 tasks there was no significant effect in any of the five focus conditions. Target position and target word length had an effect in the L1 task. Word length did not affect accuracy rates in the L2 task. For probe recognition in the L2, word length and the position of the target interacted with the focus condition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Weskott2005,
  author    = {Weskott, Thomas},
  title     = {Stop bashing givenness!},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8718},
  pages     = {53 -- 62},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Elke Kasimir's paper (in this volume) argues against employing the notion of Givenness in the explanation of accent assignment. I will claim that the arguments against Givenness put forward by Kasimir are inconclusive because they beg the question of the role of Givenness. It is concluded that, more generally, arguments against Givenness as a diagnostic for information structural partitions should not be accepted offhand, since the notion of Givenness of discourse referents is (a) theoretically simple, (b) readily observable and quantifiable, and (c) bears cognitive significance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Kasimir2005,
  author    = {Kasimir, Elke},
  title     = {Question-answer test and givenness},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8698},
  pages     = {1 -- 52},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {In order to investigate the empirical properties of focus, it is necessary to diagnose focus (or: "what is focused") in particular linguistic examples. It is often taken for granted that the application of one single diagnostic tool, the so-called question-answer test, which roughly says that whatever a question asks for is focused in the answer, is a fool-proof test for focus. This paper investigates one example class where such uncritical belief in the question-answer test has led to the assumption of rather complex focus projection rules: in these examples, pitch accent placement has been claimed to depend on certain parts of the focused constituents being given or not. It is demonstrated that such focus projection rules are unnecessarily complex and in turn require the assumption of unnecessarily complicated meaning rules, not to speak of the difficulties to give a precise semantic/pragmatic definition of the allegedly involved givenness property. For the sake of the argument, an alternative analysis is put forward which relies solely on alternative sets following Mats Rooth's work, and avoids any recourse to givenness. As it turns out, this alternative analysis is not only simpler but also makes in a critical case the better predictions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TeichFankhauser2005,
  author    = {Teich, Elke and Fankhauser, Peter},
  title     = {Exploring lexical patterns in text},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8685},
  pages     = {129 -- 145},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {We present a system for the linguistic exploration and analysis of lexical cohesion in English texts. Using an electronic thesaurus-like resource, Princeton WordNet, and the Brown Corpus of English, we have implemented a process of annotating text with lexical chains and a graphical user interface for inspection of the annotated text. We describe the system and report on some sample linguistic analyses carried out using the combined thesaurus-corpus resource.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DipperGoetzeStedeetal.2004,
  author    = {Dipper, Stefanie and G{\"o}tze, Michael and Stede, Manfred and Wegst, Tillmann},
  title     = {ANNIS},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8432},
  pages     = {245 -- 279},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of our first version of the database "ANNIS" ("ANNotation of Information Structure"). For research based on empirical data, ANNIS provides a uniform environment for storing this data together with its linguistic annotations. A central database promotes standardized annotation, which facilitates interpretation and comparison of the data. ANNIS is used through a standard web browser and offers tier-based visualization of data and annotations, as well as search facilities that allow for cross-level and cross-sentential queries. The paper motivates the design of the system, characterizes its user interface, and provides an initial technical evaluation of ANNIS with respect to data size and query processing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JasinskajaMayerSchlangen2004,
  author    = {Jasinskaja, Ekaterina and Mayer, J{\"o}rg and Schlangen, David},
  title     = {Discourse structure and information structure},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8414},
  pages     = {151 -- 206},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In this paper we review the current state of research on the issue of discourse structure (DS)/information structure (IS) interface. This field has received a lot of attention from discourse semanticists and pragmatists, and has made substantial progress in recent years. In this paper we summarize the relevant studies. In addition, we look at the issue of DS/ISinteraction at a different level - that of phonetics. It is known that both information structure and discourse structure can be realized prosodically, but the issue of phonetic interaction between the prosodic devices they employ has hardly ever been discussed in this context. We think that a proper consideration of this aspect of DS/IS-interaction would enrich our understanding of the phenomenon, and hence we formulate some related research-programmatic positions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Ishihara2004,
  author    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro},
  title     = {Prosody by phase},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8391},
  pages     = {77 -- 119},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Japanese wh-questions always exhibit focus intonation (FI). Furthermore, the domain of FI exhibits a correspondence to the wh-scope. I propose that this phonology-semantics correspondence is a result of the cyclic computation of FI, which is explained under the notion of Multiple Spell-Out in the recent Minimalist framework. The proposed analysis makes two predictions: (1) embedding of an FI into another is possible; (2) (overt) movement of a wh-phrase to a phase edge position causes a mismatch between FI and wh-scope. Both predictions are tested experimentally, and shown to be borne out.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EndrissHinterwimmer2004,
  author    = {Endriss, Cornelia and Hinterwimmer, Stefan},
  title     = {The influence of tense in adverbial quantification},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8409},
  pages     = {121 -- 151},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {We argue that there is a crucial difference between determiner and adverbial quantification. Following Herburger [2000] and von Fintel [1994], we assume that determiner quantifiers quantify over individuals and adverbial quantifiers over eventualities. While it is usually assumed that the semantics of sentences with determiner quantifiers and those with adverbial quantifiers basically come out the same, we will show by way of new data that quantification over events is more restricted than quantification over individuals. This is because eventualities in contrast to individuals have to be located in time which is done using contextual information according to a pragmatic resolution strategy. If the contextual information and the tense information given in the respective sentence contradict each other, the sentence is uninterpretable. We conclude that this is the reason why in these cases adverbial quantification, i.e. quantification over eventualities, is impossible whereas quantification over individuals is fine.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Fanselow2004,
  author    = {Fanselow, Gisbert},
  title     = {Cyclic phonology-syntax-interaction},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8264},
  pages     = {1 -- 42},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {This paper investigates the nature of the attraction of XPs to clauseinitial position in German (and other languages). It argues that there are two different types of preposing. First, an XP can move when it is attracted by an EPP-like feature of Comp. Comp can, however, also attract elements that bear the formal marker of some semantic or pragmatic (information theoretic) function. This second type of movement is driven by the attraction of a formal property of the moved element. It has often been misanalysed as "operator" movement in the past. Japanese wh-questions always exhibit focus intonation (FI). Furthermore, the domain of FI exhibits a correspondence to the wh-scope. I propose that this phonology-semantics correspondence is a result of the cyclic computation of FI, which is explained under the notion of Multiple Spell-Out in the recent Minimalist framework. The proposed analysis makes two predictions: (1) embedding of an FI into another is possible; (2) (overt) movement of a wh-phrase to a phase edge position causes a mismatch between FI and wh-scope. Both predictions are tested experimentally, and shown to be borne out.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FeryHerbst2004,
  author    = {F{\´e}ry, Caroline and Herbst, Laura},
  title     = {German sentence accent revisited},
  series = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  journal   = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632},
  number    = {1},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Schmitz, Michaela and Schwarz, Anne},
  issn      = {1614-4708},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8273},
  pages     = {43 -- 75},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Results of a production experiment on the placement of sentence accent in German are reported. The hypothesis that German fulfills some of the most widely accepted rules of accent assignment— predicting focus domain integration—was only partly confirmed. Adjacency between argument and verb induces a single accent on the argument, as recognized in the literature, but interruption of this sequence by a modifier often induces remodeling of the accent pattern with a single accent on the modifier. The verb is rarely stressed. All models based on linear alignment or adjacency between elements belonging to a single accent domain fail to account for this result. A cyclic analysis of prosodic domain formation is proposed in an optimality-theoretic framework that can explain the accent pattern. Japanese wh-questions always exhibit focus intonation (FI). Furthermore, the domain of FI exhibits a correspondence to the wh-scope. I propose that this phonology-semantics correspondence is a result of the cyclic computation of FI, which is explained under the notion of Multiple Spell-Out in the recent Minimalist framework. The proposed analysis makes two predictions: (1) embedding of an FI into another is possible; (2) (overt) movement of a wh-phrase to a phase edge position causes a mismatch between FI and wh-scope. Both predictions are tested experimentally, and shown to be borne out.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-724,
  title     = {Approaches and findings in oral, written and gestural language},
  editor    = {Dipper, Stefanie and G{\"o}tze, Michael and Stede, Manfred},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8255},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {244},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Der vorliegende dritte Band der Serie "Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure" enth{\"a}lt sieben Beitr{\"a}ge aus verschiedenen Projekten des Sonderforschungsbereiches "Informationsstruktur: Die sprachlichen Mittel der Gliederung von {\"A}ußerung, Satz und Text" (SFB 632). Der Titel "Approaches and Findings in Oral, Written and Gestural Language" reflektiert die Bandbreite der Untersuchungen zum Thema Informationsstruktur. In ihrem Artikel hinterfragt Elke Kasimir die Zuverl{\"a}ssigkeit des sog. Frage-Antwort-Tests zur Bestimmung des fokussierten Elementes in S{\"a}tzen. Ihr alternativer L{\"o}sungsvorschlag wird in dem Kommentar von Thomas Weskott kritisch diskutiert. Der Artikel von Paul Elbourne befasst sich mit Ph{\"a}nomenen der Ellipse und bietet eine neue semantische Analyse an. Spezielle morphologisch stark markierte Fokuskonstruktionen aus f{\"u}nf verschiedenen afrikanischen Sprachen der Gur- und Kwa-Sprachgruppe werden von Ines Fiedler und Anne Schwarz analysiert und diachronisch interpretiert. Ebenfalls sprachhistorisch ausgerichtet ist der Artikel von Roland Hinterh{\"o}lzl, Svetlana Petrova und Michael Solf, die Belege f{\"u}r die Interaktion von Wortstellung und Informationsstruktur bereits in der althochdeutschen Tatian-{\"U}bersetzung fanden. Anke Sennema, Ruben van de Vijver, Susanne E. Carroll und Anne Zimmer-Stahl diskutieren anhand einer Serie von Experimenten die Nutzung von Prosodie, Wortl{\"a}nge und -Stellung f{\"u}r die semantischen Interpretation in der Erst- und Zweitsprache. Die besondere Rolle von Gestik in Verbindung mit Intonation f{\"u}r die Strukturierung des sprachlichen Diskurses wird von Stefanie Jannedy und Norma Mendoza-Denton hervorgehoben.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-723,
  title     = {Heterogeneity in focus : creating and using linguistic databases},
  editor    = {Dipper, Stefanie and G{\"o}tze, Michael and Stede, Manfred},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-937786-48-3},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8244},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {145},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The papers in this volume were presented at the workshop Heterogeneity in Linguistic Databases', which took place on July 9, 2004 at the University of Potsdam. The workshop was organized by project D1: Linguistic Database for Information Structure: Annotation and Retrieval', a member project of the SFB 632, a collaborative research center entitled Information Structure: the Linguistic Means for Structuring Utterances, Sentences and Texts'. The workshop brought together both developers and users of linguistic databases from a number of research projects which work on an empirical basis, all of which have to cope with different sorts of heterogeneity: primary linguistic data and annotated information may be heterogeneous, as well as the data structures representing them. The first four papers (by Wagner, Schmidt, L{\"u}deling, and Witt) address aspects of heterogeneous data from the point of view of database developers; the remaining three papers (by Meyer, Smith, and Teich/Fankhauser) focus on data exploitation by the users.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-721,
  title     = {Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632. - Vol. 1},
  editor    = {Ishihara, Shinichiro and Schmitz, Michaela and Schwarz, Anne},
  issn      = {1866-4725},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8237},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Contents: A1: Phonology and syntax of focussing and topicalisation: Gisbert Fanselow: Cyclic Phonology-Syntax-Interaction: Movement to First Position in German Caroline F{\´e}ry and Laura Herbst: German Sentence Accent Revisited Shinichiro Ishihara: Prosody by Phase: Evidence from Focus Intonation-Wh-scope Correspondence in Japanese A2: Quantification and information structure: Cornelia Endriss and Stefan Hinterwimmer: The Influence of Tense in Adverbial Quantification A3: Rhetorical Structure in Spoken Language: Modeling of Global Prosodic Parameters: Ekaterina Jasinskaja, J{\"o}rg Mayer and David Schlangen: Discourse Structure and Information Structure: Interfaces and Prosodic Realization B2: Focussing in African Tchadic languages: Katharina Hartmann and Malte Zimmermann: Focus Strategies in Chadic: The Case of Tangale Revisited D1: Linguistic database for information structure: Annotation and retrieval: Stefanie Dipper, Michael G{\"o}tze, Manfred Stede and Tillmann Wegst: ANNIS: A Linguistic Database for Exploring Information Structure},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{BrehmJurish2005,
  author    = {Brehm-Jurish, Eva Ute},
  title     = {Connective ties in discourse : three ERP-studies on causal, temporal and concessive connective ties and their influence on language processing},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-6780},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Connective ties in discourse: Three ERP studies on causal, temporal and concessive connective ties and their influence on language processing. Questions In four experiments the influence of lexical connectives such as " darum", therefore, " danach", afterwards, and " trotzdem", nevertheless, on the processing of short two-sentence discourses was examined and compared to the processing of deictical sentential adverbs such as " gestern", yesterday, and " lieber", rather. These latter words do not have the property of signaling a certain discourse relation between two sentences, as connective ties do. Three questions were central to the work: * Do the processing contrasts found between connective and non-connective elements extend to connective ties and deictical sentential adverbs (experiments 2 and 3)? * Does the semantic content of the connective ties play the primary role, i.e is the major distinction to be made indeed between connective and non-connective or instead between causal, temporal and concessive? * When precisely is the information provided by connective ties used? There is some evidence that connective ties can have an immediate influence on the integration of subsequent elements, but the end of the second sentences appears to play an important role as well: experiments 2, 3, and 4. Conclusions First of all, the theoretical distinction between connective and non-connective elements does indeed have " cognitive reality" . This has already been shown in previous studies. The present studies do however show, that there is also a difference between one-place discourse elements (deictical sentential adverbs) and two-place discourse elements, namely connective ties, since all experiments examining this contrast found evidence for qualitatively and quantitatively different processing (experiments 1, 2, and 3). Secondly, the semantic type of the connective ties also plays a role. This was not shown for the LAN, found for all connective ties when compared to non-connective elements, and consequently interpreted as a more abstract reflection of the integration of connective ties. There was also no difference between causal and temporal connective ties before the end of the discourses in experiment 3. However, the N400 found for incoherent discourses in experiment 2, larger for connective incoherent than non-connective incoherent discourses, as well as the P3b found for concessive connective ties in the comparison between causal and concessive connective ties gave reason to assume that the semantic content of connective ties is made use of in incremental processing, and that the relation signaled by the connective tie is the one that readers attempt to construct. Concerning when the information provided by connective ties is used, it appears as if connectivity is generally and obligatorily taken at face value. As long as the meaning of a connective tie did not conflict with a preferred canonical discourse relation, there were no differences found for varying connective discourses (experiment 3). However, the fact that concessive connective ties announce the need for a more complex text representation was recognized and made use of immediately (experiment 4). Additionally, a violation of the discourse relation resulted in more difficult semantic integration if a connective tie was present (experiment 2). It is therefore concluded here that connective ties influence processing immediately. This claim has to be modified somewhat, since the sentence-final elements suggested that connective ties trigger different integration processes than non-connective elements. It seems as if the answer to the question of when connective ties are processed is neither exclusively immediately nor exclusively afterwards, but that both viewpoints are correct. It is suggested here that before the end of a discourse economy plays a central role in that a canonical relation is assumed unless there is evidence to the contrary. A connective tie could have the function of reducing the dimensions evaluated in a discourse to the one signaled by the connective tie. At the end of the discourse the representation is evaluated and verified, and an integrated situation model constructed. Here, the complexity of the different discourse relations that connective ties can signal, is expressed.},
  subject      = {Sprachverarbeitung <Psycholinguistik>},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Engels2004,
  author    = {Engels, Eva},
  title     = {Adverb placement : an optimality theoretic approach},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-2453},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Adverb positioning is guided by syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic considerations and is subject to cross-linguistic as well as language-specific variation. The goal of the thesis is to identify the factors that determine adverb placement in general (Part I) as well as in constructions in which the adverb's sister constituent is deprived of its phonetic material by movement or ellipsis (gap constructions, Part II) and to provide an Optimality Theoretic approach to the contrasts in the effects of these factors on the distribution of adverbs in English, French, and German. In Optimality Theory (Prince \& Smolensky 1993), grammaticality is defined as optimal satisfaction of a hierarchy of violable constraints: for a given input, a set of output candidates are produced out of which that candidate is selected as grammatical output which optimally satisfies the constraint hierarchy. Since grammaticality crucially relies on the hierarchic relations of the constraints, cross-linguistic variation can be traced back to differences in the language-specific constraint rankings. Part I shows how diverse phenomena of adverb placement can be captured by corresponding constraints and their relative rankings: - contrasts in the linearization of adverbs and verbs/auxiliaries in English and French - verb placement in German and the filling of the prefield position - placement of focus-sensitive adverbs - fronting of topical arguments and adverbs Part II extends the analysis to a particular phenomenon of adverb positioning: the avoidance of adverb attachment to a phonetically empty constituent (gap). English and French are similar in that the acceptability of pre-gap adverb placement depends on the type of adverb, its scope, and the syntactic construction (English: wh-movement vs. topicalization / VP Fronting / VP Ellipsis, inverted vs. non-inverted clauses; French: CLLD vs. Cleft, simple vs. periphrastic tense). Yet, the two languages differ in which strategies a specific type of adverb may pursue to escape placement in front of a certain type of gap. In contrast to English and French, placement of an adverb in front of a gap never gives rise to ungrammaticality in German. Rather, word ordering has to obey the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic principles discussed in Part I; whether or not it results in adverb attachment to a phonetically empty constituent seems to be irrelevant: though constraints are active in every language, the emergence of a visible effect of their requirements in a given language depends on their relative ranking. The complex interaction of the diverse factors as well as their divergent effects on adverb placement in the various languages are accounted for by the universal constraints and their language-specific hierarchic relations in the OT framework.},
  subject      = {Adverb},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Lorenz2004,
  author    = {Lorenz, Antje},
  title     = {Die Behandlung von Wortabrufst{\"o}rungen bei Aphasie : eine methodenvergleichende Studie zum Bildbenennen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001747},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In einer multiplen Einzelfallstudie mit zehn aphasischen Patienten wurde die Wirksamkeit eines semantischen und eines phonologischen Therapieansatzes zur Behandlung von Wortabrufst{\"o}rungen verglichen. Detaillierte Einzelfalluntersuchungen erm{\"o}glichten die Diagnose der zugrundeliegenden funktionalen St{\"o}rungen bei jedem Patienten. Auf diese Weise konnten die erzielten Therapieeffekte auf die individuellen kognitiv-neurolinguistischen St{\"o}rungsmuster bezogen werden. Im Vordergrund der Therapie stand in beiden Ans{\"a}tzen das m{\"u}ndliche Benennen von Objektabbildungen mit unterschiedlichen Arten von Hilfen. W{\"a}hrend in der semantischen Therapie Teilaspekte des semantischen Zielkonzepts als Benennhilfen eingesetzt wurden, handelte es sich bei den phonologischen Hilfen um Teilinformationen der Zielwortform. Bei der Erhebung von spezifischen Therapieeffekten wurde zwischen itemspezifischen und item{\"u}bergreifenden Verbesserungen sowie kurz- und langfristigen Effekten auf die m{\"u}ndlichen Benennleistungen unterschieden. Dabei wurden neben den quantitativen Verbesserungen (\% korrekt) auch die qualitativen Effekte (Fehlertypen) der beiden Ans{\"a}tze ber{\"u}cksichtigt, und es wurden Transfereffekte in die Spontansprache der Patienten untersucht. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden auch die Soforteffekte der verschiedenen Benennhilfen in den Therapiesitzungen erhoben. Im Methodenvergleich zeigte sich, dass die phonologische Therapiephase kurzfristig bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten signifikante Verbesserungen beim Bildbenennen bewirkte, diese Effekte haben sich jedoch {\"u}berwiegend als nicht stabil erwiesen. Im Gegensatz dazu erwies sich die semantische Therapiephase auch als langfristig effektiv. Im Unterschied dazu erwiesen sich die phonologischen Benennhilfen bei fast allen Patienten als unmittelbar effektiver als die semantischen Benennhilfen. Somit waren die Soforteffekte der Hilfetypen in den Therapiesitzungen kein sicherer Indikator f{\"u}r die Dauer der Gesamteffekte einer Therapiephase. Außerdem zeigte sich nicht bei allen Patienten ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen der Art ihrer zugrundeliegenden funktionalen St{\"o}rung und den erzielten Therapieeffekten. Einerseits profitierten Patienten mit erhaltenen semantischen Verarbeitungsleistungen von der semantischen Therapie, andererseits zeigten sich signifikante phonologische Therapieeffekte bei Patienten mit zentral-semantischen St{\"o}rungen. Die Wirkmechanismen der beiden Therapieans{\"a}tze werden unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung unterschiedlicher kognitiv-neurolinguistischer Theorien zum m{\"u}ndlichen Wortabrufprozess beim Bildbenennen interpretiert.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kohler2003,
  author    = {Kohler, Kaja},
  title     = {Erwerb der fr{\"u}hen Verbmorphologie im Estnischen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001288},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Die Studie untersucht den Erwerb der fr{\"u}hen Verbmorphologie im Estnischen. Als Datengrundlage der Arbeit dienen Spontansprachaufnahmen von 10 estnischsprachigen Kindern im Alter zwischen 10 und 32 Monaten. Die Studie versucht eine detaillierte Analyse des Erwerbs des estnischsprachigen Verbmorphologie vorzunehmen. Dabei werden die aufeinander folgenden Entwicklungsstadien, ihre ungef{\"a}hren Altersgrenzen, sowie Erwerbsreihenfolge dargestellt und mit typologisch unterschiedlichen Sprachen verglichen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Trommer2001,
  author    = {Trommer, Jochen},
  title     = {Distributed optimality},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001377},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {In dieser Dissertation schlage ich eine Synthese (Distributed Optimality, DO) von Optimalit{\"a}tstheorie und einem derivationellen, morphologischem Asatz, Distributed Morphology (DM; Halle \& Marantz, 1993) vor. Durch die Integration von OT in DM wird es m{\"o}glich, Ph{\"a}nomene, die in DM durch sprachspezifische Regeln oder Merkmale von lexikalischen Eintr{\"a}ge erfasst werden, auf die Interaktion von verletzbaren, universellen Constraints zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren. Andererseits leistet auch DM zwei substantielle Beitr{\"a}ge zu DO, Lokalit{\"a}t und Impoverishment. Lokalit{\"a}t erlaubt eine formal einfache Interpretation von DO, w{\"a}hrend sich Impoverishment als unverzichtbar erweist, um Kongruenz-Morphologie ad{\"a}quat zu beschreiben. Die empirische Grundlage der Arbeit sind die komplexen Kongruenzsysteme von genetisch unterschiedlichen Sprachen. Der theoretische Schwerpunkt liegt in zwei Bereichen: Erstens, sogenannte Direkt/Invers-Markierung, f{\"u}r die gezeigt wird, dass eine Behandlung durch Constraints {\"u}ber Merkmalsrealisierung am angemessensten ist. Zweitens, die Effekte von Abfolge-Constraints, die den Satus von Affixen als Pr{\"a}fixe und Suffixe sowie ihre relative Reihenfolge regeln. Eine konkrete Typologie f{\"u}r die Abfolge von Kongruenz-Affixen auf der Basis von OT-Constraints wird vorgeschlagen.},
  language  = {en}
}