@phdthesis{Abouserie2018, author = {Abouserie, Ahed}, title = {Ionic liquid precursors for multicomponent inorganic nanomaterials}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418950}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xx, 193}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Health effects, attributed to the environmental pollution resulted from using solvents such as benzene, are relatively unexplored among petroleum workers, personal use, and laboratory researchers. Solvents can cause various health problems, such as neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. As such it can be absorbed via epidermal or respiratory into the human body resulting in interacting with molecules that are responsible for biochemical and physiological processes of the brain. Owing to the ever-growing demand for finding a solution, an Ionic liquid can use as an alternative solvent. Ionic liquids are salts in a liquid state at low temperature (below 100 C), or even at room temperature. Ionic liquids impart a unique architectural platform, which has been interesting because of their unusual properties that can be tuned by simple ways such as mixing two ionic liquids. Ionic liquids not only used as reaction solvents but they became a key developing for novel applications based on their thermal stability, electric conductivity with very low vapor pressure in contrast to the conventional solvents. In this study, ionic liquids were used as a solvent and reactant at the same time for the novel nanomaterials synthesis for different applications including solar cells, gas sensors, and water splitting. The field of ionic liquids continues to grow, and become one of the most important branches of science. It appears to be at a point where research and industry can work together in a new way of thinking for green chemistry and sustainable production.}, language = {en} } @misc{AbouserieSchildeTaubert2018, author = {Abouserie, Ahed and Schilde, Uwe and Taubert, Andreas}, title = {The crystal structure of N-butylpyridinium bis(μ2-dichlorido)-tetrachloridodicopper(II), C₁₈H₂₈N₂Cu₂Cl₆}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417310}, pages = {4}, year = {2018}, abstract = {C₉H₁₄Cl₃CuN, monoclinic, P2₁/n (no. 14), a = 9.6625(6) {\AA}, b = 9.3486(3) {\AA}, c = 14.1168(8) {\AA}, β = 102.288(5)°, V = 1245.97(11) {\AA}³, Z = 4, Rgₜ(F) = 0.0182, wRᵣₑf(F²) = 0.0499, T = 210(2) K.}, language = {en} } @article{Abromeit2018, author = {Abromeit, Wolfgang}, title = {Gestaltungsprobleme bei Vertr{\"a}gen f{\"u}r {\"O}ffentlich-Private Partnerschaften}, series = {KWI Schriften}, journal = {KWI Schriften}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-417-3}, issn = {1867-951X}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409404}, pages = {107 -- 118}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @book{AckermannAhlgrimmApelojgetal.2018, author = {Ackermann, Peter and Ahlgrimm, Frederik and Apelojg, Benjamin and B{\"o}rnert-Ringleb, Moritz and Borowski, Andreas and Ehlert, Antje and Eichler, Constanze and Frohn, Julia and Gehrmann, Marie-Luise and Gerlach, Erin and Goetz, Ilka and Goral, Johanna and Gronostaj, Anna and Grubert, Jana and G{\"u}lery{\"u}z, Burak and Hacke, Alexander and Heck, Sebastian and Hermanns, Jolanda and Hochmuth, J{\"o}rg and Jennek, Julia and Jostes, Brigitte and Jurczok, Anne and Kleemann, Katrin and Kortenkamp, Ulrich and Krauskopf, Karsten and K{\"u}choll, Denise and Kulawiak, Pawel R. and Lauterbach, Wolfgang and Lazarides, Rebecca and Linka, Tim and L{\"o}weke, Sebastian and Lohse-Bossenz, Hendrik and Maar, Verena and Nowak, Anna and Ratzlaff, Olaf and Reitz-Koncebovski, Karen and Rother, Stefanie and Scherreiks, Lynn and Schroeder, Christoph and Schwalbe, Anja and Schwill, Andreas and Tosch, Frank and Vock, Miriam and Wagner, Luisa and Westphal, Andrea and Wilbert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {PSI-Potsdam}, series = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung}, journal = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung}, number = {1}, editor = {Borowski, Andreas and Ehlert, Antje and Prechtl, Helmut}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-442-5}, issn = {2626-3556}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414542}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {354}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In Brandenburg kommt der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam eine besondere Rolle zu: Sie ist die einzige, an der zuk{\"u}nftige Lehrerinnen und Lehrer die erste Phase ihres Werdegangs - das Lehramtsstudium - absolvieren k{\"o}nnen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde bereits kurz nach der Gr{\"u}ndung im Jahr 1991 das „Potsdamer Modell der Lehrerbildung" entwickelt. Dieses Modell strebt fortlaufend eine enge Verzahnung von Theorie und Praxis {\"u}ber das gesamte Studium hinweg an und bindet hierf{\"u}r die schulpraktischen Studienanteile in besonderer Weise ein. Eine erneute St{\"a}rkung erfuhr die Lehrerbildung im Dezember 2014 mit der Gr{\"u}ndung des Zentrums f{\"u}r Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung (ZeLB). Aus der koordinierenden Arbeit des Zentrums entstand das fakult{\"a}ts{\"u}bergreifende Projekt „Professionalisierung - Schulpraktische Studien - Inklusion" (PSI-Potsdam) das im Rahmen der Qualit{\"a}tsoffensive Lehrerbildung des Bundesministeriums f{\"u}r Bildung und Forschung erfolgreich gef{\"o}rdert wurde (2015-2018) und dessen Verl{\"a}ngerung (2019-2023) bewilligt ist. Der vorliegende Band vermittelt in den drei großen Kapiteln „Erhebungsinstrumente", „Seminarkonzepte" und „Vernetzungen" einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber einige der praxisnahen Forschungszug{\"a}nge, hochschuldidaktischen Ans{\"a}tze und Strategien zur Vernetzung innerhalb der Lehrerbildung, die im Rahmen von PSI-Potsdam entwickelt und umgesetzt wurden. Die Beitr{\"a}ge wurden mit dem Ziel verfasst, Kolleginnen und Kollegen an Universit{\"a}ten und Hochschulen, Akteur_innen des Vorbereitungsdiensts sowie der Fort- und Weiterbildung von Lehrkr{\"a}ften m{\"o}glichst konkrete Einblicke zu gew{\"a}hren. Unter der Herausgeberschaft von Prof. Dr. Andreas Borowski (Fachdidaktik Physik), Prof. Dr. Antje Ehlert (Inklusionsp{\"a}dagogik mit dem F{\"o}rderschwerpunkt Lernen) und Prof. Dr. Helmut Prechtl (Fachdidaktik Biologie) vereinen sich Autor_innen mit breit gestreuter fachdidaktischer und bildungswissenschaftlicher Expertise.}, language = {de} } @misc{AfantenosPeldszusStede2018, author = {Afantenos, Stergos and Peldszus, Andreas and Stede, Manfred}, title = {Comparing decoding mechanisms for parsing argumentative structures}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1062}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47052}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470527}, pages = {18}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Parsing of argumentative structures has become a very active line of research in recent years. Like discourse parsing or any other natural language task that requires prediction of linguistic structures, most approaches choose to learn a local model and then perform global decoding over the local probability distributions, often imposing constraints that are specific to the task at hand. Specifically for argumentation parsing, two decoding approaches have been recently proposed: Minimum Spanning Trees (MST) and Integer Linear Programming (ILP), following similar trends in discourse parsing. In contrast to discourse parsing though, where trees are not always used as underlying annotation schemes, argumentation structures so far have always been represented with trees. Using the 'argumentative microtext corpus' [in: Argumentation and Reasoned Action: Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Argumentation, Lisbon 2015 / Vol. 2, College Publications, London, 2016, pp. 801-815] as underlying data and replicating three different decoding mechanisms, in this paper we propose a novel ILP decoder and an extension to our earlier MST work, and then thoroughly compare the approaches. The result is that our new decoder outperforms related work in important respects, and that in general, ILP and MST yield very similar performance.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Agarwal2018, author = {Agarwal, Ankit}, title = {Unraveling spatio-temporal climatic patterns via multi-scale complex networks}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42395}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423956}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xxix, 153}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The climate is a complex dynamical system involving interactions and feedbacks among different processes at multiple temporal and spatial scales. Although numerous studies have attempted to understand the climate system, nonetheless, the studies investigating the multiscale characteristics of the climate are scarce. Further, the present set of techniques are limited in their ability to unravel the multi-scale variability of the climate system. It is completely plausible that extreme events and abrupt transitions, which are of great interest to climate community, are resultant of interactions among processes operating at multi-scale. For instance, storms, weather patterns, seasonal irregularities such as El Ni{\~n}o, floods and droughts, and decades-long climate variations can be better understood and even predicted by quantifying their multi-scale dynamics. This makes a strong argument to unravel the interaction and patterns of climatic processes at different scales. With this background, the thesis aims at developing measures to understand and quantify multi-scale interactions within the climate system. In the first part of the thesis, I proposed two new methods, viz, multi-scale event synchronization (MSES) and wavelet multi-scale correlation (WMC) to capture the scale-specific features present in the climatic processes. The proposed methods were tested on various synthetic and real-world time series in order to check their applicability and replicability. The results indicate that both methods (WMC and MSES) are able to capture scale-specific associations that exist between processes at different time scales in a more detailed manner as compared to the traditional single scale counterparts. In the second part of the thesis, the proposed multi-scale similarity measures were used in constructing climate networks to investigate the evolution of spatial connections within climatic processes at multiple timescales. The proposed methods WMC and MSES, together with complex network were applied to two different datasets. In the first application, climate networks based on WMC were constructed for the univariate global sea surface temperature (SST) data to identify and visualize the SSTs patterns that develop very similarly over time and distinguish them from those that have long-range teleconnections to other ocean regions. Further investigations of climate networks on different timescales revealed (i) various high variability and co-variability regions, and (ii) short and long-range teleconnection regions with varying spatial distance. The outcomes of the study not only re-confirmed the existing knowledge on the link between SST patterns like El Ni{\~n}o Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, but also suggested new insights into the characteristics and origins of long-range teleconnections. In the second application, I used the developed non-linear MSES similarity measure to quantify the multivariate teleconnections between extreme Indian precipitation and climatic patterns with the highest relevance for Indian sub-continent. The results confirmed significant non-linear influences that were not well captured by the traditional methods. Further, there was a substantial variation in the strength and nature of teleconnection across India, and across time scales. Overall, the results from investigations conducted in the thesis strongly highlight the need for considering the multi-scale aspects in climatic processes, and the proposed methods provide robust framework for quantifying the multi-scale characteristics.}, language = {en} } @article{AhlgrimmHeck2018, author = {Ahlgrimm, Frederik and Heck, Sebastian}, title = {Internationalisierung der Lehrerbildung an der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, series = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung}, journal = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-442-5}, issn = {2626-3556}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420376}, pages = {257 -- 269}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In den vergangenen Jahren wurde immer wieder gefordert, dass die Lehrerbildung an deutschen Hochschulen st{\"a}rker internationalisiert werden solle. Die Universit{\"a}t Potsdam hat sich als Teil ihrer Internationalisierungsstrategie zur Aufgabe gemacht, die internationale Dimension ihres renommierten Modells der Lehrerbildung zu f{\"o}rdern. In diesem Beitrag wird dargestellt, wie im Rahmen des Teilprojektes Internationalisierung der QLB - ausgehend vom politisch-gesellschaftlichen Kontext und dem Status Quo im Bereich der Lehrerbildung - zun{\"a}chst ein internes Verst{\"a}ndnis von Internationalisierung entwickelt und darauf aufbauend eine Strategie mit konkreten Maßnahmen abgeleitet wurde. Der Implementierungsprozess f{\"u}hrte zu Vernetzungen sowohl innerhalb der Universit{\"a}t als auch mit externen und internationalen Akteuren im Bildungswesen. Die vorgestellten Maßnahmen k{\"o}nnen auch f{\"u}r andere Hochschulen von Interesse sein.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Aktan2018, author = {Aktan, Oktay}, title = {Turkish football clubs in Berlin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413616}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {221}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Es gibt in Berlin eine einzigartige Vereinslandschaft im Amateur - und semiprofessionellen Fußballsport, in der einst von t{\"u}rkischen Migranten gegr{\"u}ndete Vereine einen festen Platz einnehmen. Fußballsport bietet einen sozialen Raum f{\"u}r Jugendliche verschiedener kultureller, ethnischer und religi{\"o}ser Herkunft, in dem Gruppen gebildet werden, um gegen einander zu konkurrieren. Ebenso er{\"o}ffnet Fußball dem Einzelnen die M{\"o}glichkeit, die G{\"u}ltigkeit und Relevanz von Vorurteilen und von g{\"a}ngigen Stereotypisierungen anderer Gruppen im Spielalltag einer st{\"a}ndigen Pr{\"u}fung zu unterziehen. Fußballspieler k{\"o}nnen sich sowohl zwischen multi-kulturellen als auch mono-ethnischen Gruppenkonstellationen, in einigen F{\"a}llen auch in transnationalen Konstellationen bewegen, womit sie dabei wesentlich an der Sinngebung ihrer eigenen sozialen Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit mitwirken, die sich aus dem Spannungsfeld von Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmungsmustern ergibt. In Folge dessen werden in diesem Raum Anerkennungsmechanismen konstituiert. Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit dem allt{\"a}glichen Leben von t{\"u}rkisch-st{\"a}mmigen, jugendlichen Amateur- und semiprofessionellen Fußballspielern (delikanli), sowie von anderen sozialen Akteuren der t{\"u}rkischen Fußballwelt, wie zum Beispiel „{\"a}ltere" Fußballspieler (agbi) und Fußballtrainer (hoca). Hauptanliegen der Arbeit war die Rekonstruktion kollektiver Wahrnehmungs-, Deutungs - und Handlungsmuster von Mitgliedern t{\"u}rkischer Fußballvereine im allgemeinen und ihrer Selbstdarstellung aber auch ihrer Wahrnehmung der „Anderen" im besonderen. Mittels dieser Studie sollte nachvollzogen werden, ob und inwiefern sich traditionelle soziale Verhaltensmuster der gew{\"a}hlten Gruppe im technisch regulierten und stark Konkurrenz-orientierten Handlungsraum widerspiegeln und die reziproken Beziehungen zwischen dem „Selbst" und den „Anderen" regulieren. Dabei wurde die Relevanz von herkunftsbezogenen Stereotypisierungen und Vorurteilen in der kollektiven Konstitution von Selbstwahrnehmungen und Fremdverstehen im partikularen sozialen Feld (Bourdieu, 2001) des Fußballs rekonstruiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde dar{\"u}ber hinaus beleuchtet, welche Rolle t{\"u}rkische Fußballvereine auf der einen Seite bei der Entstehung sozialer Raumzugeh{\"o}rigkeit zu den Stadtquartieren in Berlin einnehmen und welche Art von Mechanismen der sozialen Integration sie in diesen Vereinen herstellen. Auf der anderen Seite wurde hinterfragt, inwiefern sie zur sozialen Koh{\"a}sion zwischen diversen Kulturen beitragen. Daher wurde gepr{\"u}ft, ob und inwiefern die negativ konnotierte ethnozentrische Wahrnehmung von „Differenz" (Bielefeld, 1998), die als soziales Konstrukt zwischen autochthonen und allochthonen Gruppen hergestellt wird, durch das Engagement der Vereinsakteure einen konstruktiven Wandel erf{\"a}hrt. {\"U}bergeordnetes Ziel all dieser Forschungsfragen war es, ein fundiertes Verst{\"a}ndnis {\"u}ber die Rolle von t{\"u}rkischen Fußballvereinen als soziale Mechanismen zu erlangen und deren Funktionsweise bei der Konstitution von Anpassungsstrategien in diesem sozialen Feld untersuchen. Detailliert wurde diese Rolle unter der Konzeptualisierung von sozialen Positionierungsmuster betrachtet, die als Gef{\"u}ge von Deutungen des Allt{\"a}glichen verstanden werden, das individuelle und kollektive Handlungsmuster und implizit Muster des Fremdverstehens sowie des othering im Migrationskontext reguliert. Eine Rekonstruktion der sozialen Positionierungsmuster bietet eine eingehende soziologische Untersuchung dieser Teilnehmergruppe, die zudem Aufschluss {\"u}ber die Bedeutung und das Verst{\"a}ndnis von ethnischer Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit f{\"u}r letztere gibt. Neben umfangreicher Feldbeobachtung wurden in dieser qualitativen Studie mit Spielern verschiedener Vereine insgesamt zehn Gruppendiskussionen (Bohnsack, 2004) innerhalb ihrer Mannschaften zu gemeinsamen allt{\"a}glichen Erlebnissen und Erfahrungen durchgef{\"u}hrt, aufgezeichnet und mittels sozialwissenschaftlichem hermeneutischem Verfahren (Soeffner, 2004) interpretiert. Auch mit anderen Vereinsmitgliedern, d. h. mit Trainern bzw. hoca, Vorsitzenden, Managern und Sponsoren wurden jeweils zehn narrative und sieben biographische Einzelinterviews sowie sieben Experteninterviews durchgef{\"u}hrt. Deren Analyse erlaubt es, die Rolle dieser Mitglieder sowie wirkende Autorit{\"a}tsmechanismen und kollektiv konstituierte Verhaltensmuster innerhalb der gesamten Vereinsgruppe zu rekonstruieren. Dabei wurde bezweckt, die Gesamtheit des sozialen Netzwerkes bzw. die Beziehungsschemata innerhalb der t{\"u}rkischen Fußballvereine Berlins zu verdeutlichen. In der Arbeit werden zwei Standpunkte der theoretischen Auseinandersetzung verwendet. Auf der einen Seite wird die Lebensweltanalyse (Sch{\"u}tz und Luckmann, 1979, 1990) angewendet, um das soziale Erbe der in der Vergangenheit gesellschaftlich konstituierten Titulierung „Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund" zu rekonstruieren, bzw. den Einfluss dieser sozialen Reproduktion auf die Wahrnehmungs-, Deutungs- und Handlungsmuster der Akteure zu untersuchen. Auf der anderen Seite wird die soziale Wirkung der tats{\"a}chlichen, allt{\"a}glichen Erfahrungsschemata im sozialen Feld des Fußballs auf die Selbstpositionierungen der Akteure mittels Goffmanscher Rahmenanalyse (Goffman, 1980) herausgearbeitet.}, language = {en} } @misc{AlHalbouniHolohanTaherietal.2018, author = {Al-Halbouni, Djamil and Holohan, Eoghan P. and Taheri, Abbas and Sch{\"o}pfer, Martin P. J. and Emam, Sacha and Dahm, Torsten}, title = {Geomechanical modelling of sinkhole development using distinct elements}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1061}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46843}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-468435}, pages = {35}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Mechanical and/or chemical removal of material from the subsurface may generate large subsurface cavities, the destabilisation of which can lead to ground collapse and the formation of sinkholes. Numerical simulation of the interaction of cavity growth, host material deformation and overburden collapse is desirable to better understand the sinkhole hazard but is a challenging task due to the involved high strains and material discontinuities. Here, we present 2-D distinct element method numerical simulations of cavity growth and sinkhole development. Firstly, we simulate cavity formation by quasi-static, stepwise removal of material in a single growing zone of an arbitrary geometry and depth. We benchmark this approach against analytical and boundary element method models of a deep void space in a linear elastic material. Secondly, we explore the effects of properties of different uniform materials on cavity stability and sinkhole development. We perform simulated biaxial tests to calibrate macroscopic geotechnical parameters of three model materials representative of those in which sinkholes develop at the Dead Sea shoreline: mud, alluvium and salt. We show that weak materials do not support large cavities, leading to gradual sagging or suffusion-style subsidence. Strong materials support quasi-stable to stable cavities, the overburdens of which may fail suddenly in a caprock or bedrock collapse style. Thirdly, we examine the consequences of layered arrangements of weak and strong materials. We find that these are more susceptible to sinkhole collapse than uniform materials not only due to a lower integrated strength of the overburden but also due to an inhibition of stabilising stress arching. Finally, we compare our model sinkhole geometries to observations at the Ghor Al-Haditha sinkhole site in Jordan. Sinkhole depth ∕ diameter ratios of 0.15 in mud, 0.37 in alluvium and 0.33 in salt are reproduced successfully in the calibrated model materials. The model results suggest that the observed distribution of sinkhole depth ∕ diameter values in each material type may partly reflect sinkhole growth trends.}, language = {en} } @article{AlbeckGidron2018, author = {Albeck-Gidron, Rachel}, title = {At Opposite Ends of Asia - Contact between East Asian Culture and Modern Hebrew Literature from the Late Nineteenth Century until Today. A Historiographical and Linguistic Study}, series = {Sprache Deutsch PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, journal = {Sprache Deutsch PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, number = {23}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-418-0}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408931}, pages = {95 -- 118}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This article deals with contact between East Asian thought and modern Hebrew Literature from the late nineteenth century through the twentieth century, until today. In the first part, the article suggests that from a historiographical perspective, one may outline three waves of contact between these two cultural phenomena, at opposite ends of Asia. In the first wave, which began in the early twentieth century, Asian influence on Hebrew literature written in Europe was mediated mainly through the philosophers Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. The second wave, which emerged in the 1950s, relates to the influence of the leaders of the Beat Generation, who, in turn, were influenced by modernist poetry in English, which was colored by contact with Asian poetry. The third wave is part of the glocal New Age phenomenon and its appropriation of certain Buddhist traits. The second part of the article presents several theoretical possibilities of symbioses between cultures, as they appear within language. The third part presents the symptomatic example of the work of contemporary Hebrew writer Yoel Hoffmann, who appears to be a representative of the second wave; however, his work maintains dialogue with the first wave, and its current popularity is part of the third wave. Hoffmann's work serves as an example of how to apply the theoretical possibilities presented in the second part of the article, as an instance of literary contact between two cultures and their respective languages.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Alhajturki2018, author = {Alhajturki, Dema}, title = {Characterization of altered inflorescence architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana BG-5 x Kro-0 hybrid}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420934}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {109}, year = {2018}, abstract = {A reciprocal cross between two A. thaliana accessions, Kro-0 (Krotzenburg, Germany) and BG-5 (Seattle, USA), displays purple rosette leaves and dwarf bushy phenotype in F1 hybrids when grown at 17 °C and a parental-like phenotype when grown at 21 °C. This F1 temperature-dependent-dwarf-bushy phenotype is characterized by reduced growth of the primary stem together with an increased number of branches. The reduced stem growth was the strongest at the first internode. In addition, we found that a temperature switch from 21 °C to 17 °C induced the phenotype only before the formation of the first internode of the stem. Similarly, the F1 dwarf-bushy phenotype could not be reversed when plants were shifted from 17 °C to 21 °C after the first internode was formed. Metabolic analysis showed that the F1 phenotype was associated with a significant upregulation of anthocyanin(s), kaempferol(s), salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid. As it has been previously shown that the dwarf-bushy phenotype is linked to two loci, one on chromosome 2 from Kro-0 and one on chromosome 3 from BG-5, an artificial micro-RNA approach was used to investigate the necessary genes on these intervals. From the results obtained, it was found that two genes, AT2G14120 that encodes for a DYNAMIN RELATED PROTEIN3B and AT2G14100 that encodes a member of the Cytochrome P450 family protein CYP705A13, were necessary for the appearance of the F1 phenotype on chromosome 2. It was also discovered that AT3G61035 that encodes for another cytochrome P450 family protein CYP705A13 and AT3G60840 that encodes for a MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN65-4 on chromosome 3 were both necessary for the induction of the F1 phenotype. To prove the causality of these genes, genomic constructs of the Kro-0 candidate genes on chromosome 2 were transferred to BG-5 and genomic constructs of the chromosome 3 candidate genes from BG-5 were transferred to Kro-0. The T1 lines showed that these genes are not sufficient alone to induce the phenotype. In addition to the F1 phenotype, more severe phenotypes were observed in the F2 generations that were grouped into five different phenotypic classes. Whilst seed yield was comparable between F1 hybrids and parental lines, three phenotypic classes in the F2 generation exhibited hybrid breakdown in the form of reproductive failure. This F2 hybrid breakdown was less sensitive to temperature and showed a dose-dependent effect of the loci involved in F1 phenotype. The severest class of hybrid breakdown phenotypes was observed only in the population of backcross with the parent Kro-0, which indicates a stronger contribution of the BG-5 allele when compared to the Kro-0 allele on the hybrid breakdown phenotypes. Overall, the findings of my thesis provide a further understanding of the genetic and metabolic factors underlying altered shoot architecture in hybrid dysfunction.}, language = {en} } @misc{AlonsoStangeBeta2018, author = {Alonso, Sergio and Stange, Maike and Beta, Carsten}, title = {Modeling random crawling, membrane deformation and intracellular polarity of motile amoeboid cells}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1014}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-45974}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459745}, pages = {24}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Amoeboid movement is one of the most widespread forms of cell motility that plays a key role in numerous biological contexts. While many aspects of this process are well investigated, the large cell-to-cell variability in the motile characteristics of an otherwise uniform population remains an open question that was largely ignored by previous models. In this article, we present a mathematical model of amoeboid motility that combines noisy bistable kinetics with a dynamic phase field for the cell shape. To capture cell-to-cell variability, we introduce a single parameter for tuning the balance between polarity formation and intracellular noise. We compare numerical simulations of our model to experiments with the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Despite the simple structure of our model, we found close agreement with the experimental results for the center-of-mass motion as well as for the evolution of the cell shape and the overall intracellular patterns. We thus conjecture that the building blocks of our model capture essential features of amoeboid motility and may serve as a starting point for more detailed descriptions of cell motion in chemical gradients and confined environments.}, language = {en} } @misc{Altieri2018, author = {Altieri, Riccardo}, title = {Paul Fr{\"o}lich, American exile, and communist discourse about the Russian revolution}, series = {American Communist History}, journal = {American Communist History}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413040}, pages = {13}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @misc{AmbarlıMenguellueoğluFickeletal.2018, author = {Ambarl{\i}, H{\"u}seyin and Meng{\"u}ll{\"u}oğlu, Deniz and Fickel, J{\"o}rns and F{\"o}rster, Daniel W.}, title = {Population genetics of the main population of brown bears in southwest Asia}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {937}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-45912}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459124}, pages = {20}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Genetic studies of the Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos) have so far focused on populations from Europe and North America, although the largest distribution area of brown bears is in Asia. In this study, we reveal population genetic parameters for the brown bear population inhabiting the Grand Ka{\c{c}}kar Mountains (GKM) in the north east of Turkey, western Lesser Caucasus. Using both hair (N = 147) and tissue samples (N = 7) collected between 2008 and 2014, we found substantial levels of genetic variation (10 microsatellite loci). Bear samples (hair) taken from rubbing trees worked better for genotyping than those from power poles, regardless of the year collected. Genotyping also revealed that bears moved between habitat patches, despite ongoing massive habitat alterations and the creation of large water reservoirs. This population has the potential to serve as a genetic reserve for future reintroductions in the Middle East. Due to the importance of the GKM population for on-going and future conservation actions, the impacts of habitat alterations in the region ought to be minimized; e.g., by establishing green bridges or corridors over reservoirs and major roads to maintain habitat connectivity and gene flow among populations in the Lesser Caucasus.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{anHaack2018, author = {an Haack, Jan}, title = {Market and affect in evangelical mission}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42469}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424694}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {viii, 240}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This text is a contribution to the research on the worldwide success of evangelical Christianity and offers a new perspective on the relationship between late modern capitalism and evangelicalism. For this purpose, the utilization of affect and emotion in evangelicalism towards the mobilization of its members will be examined in order to find out what similarities to their employment in late modern capitalism can be found. Different examples from within the evangelical spectrum will be analyzed as affective economies in order to elaborate how affective mobilization is crucial for evangelicalism's worldwide success. Pivotal point of this text is the exploration of how evangelicalism is able to activate the voluntary commitment of its members, financiers, and missionaries. Gathered here are examples where both spheres—evangelicalism and late modern capitalism—overlap and reciprocate, followed by a theoretical exploration of how the findings presented support a view of evangelicalism as an inner-worldly narcissism that contributes to an assumed re-enchantment of the world.}, language = {en} } @misc{Anderl2018, author = {Anderl, Gabriele}, title = {David J{\"u}nger: Jahre der Ungewissheit. Emigrationspl{\"a}ne deutscher Juden 1933-1938 / rezensiert von Gabriele Anderl}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, number = {23}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-418-0}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409119}, pages = {225 -- 228}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Rezensiertes Werk: David J{\"u}nger: Jahre der Ungewissheit. Emigrationspl{\"a}ne deutscher Juden 1933-1938 (= Schriften des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts, Bd. 24), G{\"o}ttingen: Vandenhoeck \& Ruprecht 2016, 440 S.}, language = {de} } @article{Andress2018, author = {Andress, Reinhard}, title = {Eduard Dorsch and his unpublished poem on the occasion of Humboldt's 100th birthday}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XIX}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {36}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419398}, pages = {17 -- 34}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In 1869, the German-American medical doctor and poet, Eduard Dorsch, wrote a poem read in Detroit on the occasion of Humboldt's 100th birthday. This article publishes the poem for the first time and explores its context within the life and times of its author.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Angermann2018, author = {Angermann, Lisa}, title = {Hillslope-stream connectivity across scales}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42454}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424542}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xix, 193}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The concept of hydrologic connectivity summarizes all flow processes that link separate regions of a landscape. As such, it is a central theme in the field of catchment hydrology, with influence on neighboring disciplines such as ecology and geomorphology. It is widely acknowledged to be an important key in understanding the response behavior of a catchment and has at the same time inspired research on internal processes over a broad range of scales. From this process-hydrological point of view, hydrological connectivity is the conceptual framework to link local observations across space and scales. This is the context in which the four studies this thesis comprises of were conducted. The focus was on structures and their spatial organization as important control on preferential subsurface flow. Each experiment covered a part of the conceptualized flow path from hillslopes to the stream: soil profile, hillslope, riparian zone, and stream. For each study site, the most characteristic structures of the investigated domain and scale, such as slope deposits and peat layers were identified based on preliminary or previous investigations or literature reviews. Additionally, further structural data was collected and topographical analyses were carried out. Flow processes were observed either based on response observations (soil moisture changes or discharge patterns) or direct measurement (advective heat transport). Based on these data, the flow-relevance of the characteristic structures was evaluated, especially with regard to hillslope to stream connectivity. Results of the four studies revealed a clear relationship between characteristic spatial structures and the hydrological behavior of the catchment. Especially the spatial distribution of structures throughout the study domain and their interconnectedness were crucial for the establishment of preferential flow paths and their relevance for large-scale processes. Plot and hillslope-scale irrigation experiments showed that the macropores of a heterogeneous, skeletal soil enabled preferential flow paths at the scale of centimeters through the otherwise unsaturated soil. These flow paths connected throughout the soil column and across the hillslope and facilitated substantial amounts of vertical and lateral flow through periglacial slope deposits. In the riparian zone of the same headwater catchment, the connectivity between hillslopes and stream was controlled by topography and the dualism between characteristic subsurface structures and the geomorphological heterogeneity of the stream channel. At the small scale (1 m to 10 m) highest gains always occurred at steps along the longitudinal streambed profile, which also controlled discharge patterns at the large scale (100 m) during base flow conditions (number of steps per section). During medium and high flow conditions, however, the impact of topography and parafluvial flow through riparian zone structures prevailed and dominated the large-scale response patterns. In the streambed of a lowland river, low permeability peat layers affected the connectivity between surface water and groundwater, but also between surface water and the hyporheic zone. The crucial factor was not the permeability of the streambed itself, but rather the spatial arrangement of flow-impeding peat layers, causing increased vertical flow through narrow "windows" in contrast to predominantly lateral flow in extended areas of high hydraulic conductivity sediments. These results show that the spatial organization of structures was an important control for hydrological processes at all scales and study areas. In a final step, the observations from different scales and catchment elements were put in relation and compared. The main focus was on the theoretical analysis of the scale hierarchies of structures and processes and the direction of causal dependencies in this context. Based on the resulting hierarchical structure, a conceptual framework was developed which is capable of representing the system's complexity while allowing for adequate simplifications. The resulting concept of the parabolic scale series is based on the insight that flow processes in the terrestrial part of the catchment (soil and hillslopes) converge. This means that small-scale processes assemble and form large-scale processes and responses. Processes in the riparian zone and the streambed, however, are not well represented by the idea of convergence. Here, the large-scale catchment signal arrives and is modified by structures in the riparian zone, stream morphology, and the small-scale interactions between surface water and groundwater. Flow paths diverge and processes can better be represented by proceeding from large scales to smaller ones. The catchment-scale representation of processes and structures is thus the conceptual link between terrestrial hillslope processes and processes in the riparian corridor.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Antić2018, author = {Antić, Andreas}, title = {Digitale {\"O}ffentlichkeiten und intelligente Kooperation}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-431-9}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41096}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410964}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ii, 454}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Um die gegenw{\"a}rtige Transformation der {\"O}ffentlichkeit im digitalen Zeitalter erfassen zu k{\"o}nnen, ist in der {\"O}ffentlichkeitstheorie eine erweiterte Perspektive notwendig, die nicht nur den massenmedialen Diskurs, sondern auch die Ver{\"a}nderung sozialer Praktiken und institutioneller Strukturen in den Blick nimmt. Das Ziel dieses Buches besteht darin, die Grundlagen einer solchen Perspektive auf die Theorie digitaler {\"O}ffentlichkeiten zu entwickeln. Im vorgeschlagenen Ansatz wird {\"O}ffentlichkeit im Anschluss an John Dewey als Prozess verstanden. In seiner prozessualen und funktionalen Bestimmung von {\"O}ffentlichkeit liegt eine besondere Originalit{\"a}t, die seinen Ansatz von anderen {\"O}ffentlichkeitskonzeptionen unterscheidet. Das Buch liefert sowohl eine systematische Rekonstruktion und Interpretation der Philosophie John Deweys als auch einen Vorschlag zur gesellschaftstheoretischen Deutung des digitalen Wandels.}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Antolovic2018, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Antolovic, Charis}, title = {Sinn-los in die R{\"o}hre schauen}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47876}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-478766}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit dem Etablierungsprozess der Barrierefreiheit im deutschen Fernsehen in Bezug auf die mediale Zug{\"a}nglichkeit. Dazu werden zuerst themenrelevante Begriffe wie „Behinderung", „Barrierefreiheit" und "Teilhabe" definiert. Anschließend wird aufgezeigt, wie sich das Bewusstsein f{\"u}r die Belange von Menschen mit Behinderungen ge{\"a}ndert hat und welche politischen Ver{\"a}nderungen Impulse f{\"u}r die Barrierefreiheit im Fernsehen gaben. Nach der Darstellung technischer Innovationen wird mit Hilfe von Experteninterviews und Stellungnahmen von Fernsehanstalten und Interessenverb{\"a}nden, sowie der Mediennutzungsstudie von Menschen mit Behinderungen die Entwicklung und der aktuelle Stand barrierefreier Angebote im Fernsehen erl{\"a}utert. Dies impliziert Untertitel, Geb{\"a}rdensprache, Audiodeskription und Leichte Sprache. Im Anschluss werden Grenzen und M{\"o}glichkeiten der Barrierefreiheit im Fernsehen betrachtet.}, language = {de} } @article{ApelojgHochmuth2018, author = {Apelojg, Benjamin and Hochmuth, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Der Uni-Shop}, series = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung}, journal = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-442-5}, issn = {2626-3556}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420211}, pages = {85 -- 99}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Entwicklung integrativer Lehrveranstaltungen, welche fachwissenschaftliche Inhalte mit schulrelevantem Wissen verbinden, gilt als eine wichtige Maßnahme zur Erh{\"o}hung des Professionsbezuges im Lehramtsstudium. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt sich die Frage nach der Verh{\"a}ltnism{\"a}ßigkeit fachbezogener und lehramtsbezogener Inhalte in Fachveranstaltungen und wie eine professionsorientierte Lehrerbildung in der Gestaltung und Konzeption von Lehrveranstaltungen umgesetzt werden kann. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird f{\"u}r das Fach WAT die Neuentwicklung und Umstrukturierung der Lehrveranstaltung „Marketing f{\"u}r Lehramtsstudierende" sowie deren Evaluation vorgestellt. Mit der Felix-App wurde ein neues Instrument zur Evaluation von Lehrveranstaltungen in Echtzeit entwickelt. Die Felix- App bietet die M{\"o}glichkeit u. a. die Motivation, Stimmung und das situationale Interesse in bestimmten Lehr-Lernkontexten zu erfassen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen ein hohes Interesse der Studierenden an den behandelten Themen. Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang bez{\"u}glich der Motivation und dem situationalen Interesse konnte allerdings nicht festgestellt werden.}, language = {de} } @article{AppeltKochanPfitzner2018, author = {Appelt, Franziska and Kochan, Robert and Pfitzner, Tom}, title = {Schwarz-Rot-Geil}, series = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis}, journal = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-416-6}, issn = {2194-1599}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408757}, pages = {161 -- 181}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @misc{AppiahDwomohCarlsohnMayer2018, author = {Appiah-Dwomoh, Edem Korkor and Carlsohn, Anja and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Assessment of Dietary Intake of Long-Distance Race Car Drivers}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {482}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419997}, pages = {7}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Long-distance race car drivers are classified as athletes. The sport is physically and mentally demanding, requiring long hours of practice. Therefore, optimal dietary intake is essential for health and performance of the athlete. The aim of the study was to evaluate dietary intake and to compare the data with dietary recommendations for athletes and for the general adult population according to the German Nutrition Society (DGE). A 24-h dietary recall during a competition preparation phase was obtained from 16 male race car drivers (28.3 ± 6.1 years, body mass index (BMI) of 22.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2). The mean intake of energy, nutrients, water and alcohol was recorded. The mean energy, vitamin B2, vitamin E, folate, fiber, calcium, water and alcohol intake were 2124 ± 814 kcal/day, 1.3 ± 0.5 mg/day, 12.5 ± 9.5 mg/day, 231.0 ± 90.9 ug/day, 21.4 ± 9.4 g/day, 1104 ± 764 mg/day, 3309 ± 1522 mL/day and 0.8 ± 2.5 mL/day respectively. Our study indicated that many of the nutrients studied, including energy and carbohydrate, were below the recommended dietary intake for both athletes and the DGE.}, language = {en} } @misc{AppiahDwomohMuellerMayer2018, author = {Appiah-Dwomoh, Edem Korkor and M{\"u}ller, Steffen and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Reproducibility of Static and Dynamic Postural Control Measurement in Adolescent Athletes with Back Pain}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {470}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417526}, pages = {8}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Static (one-legged stance) and dynamic (star excursion balance) postural control tests were performed by 14 adolescent athletes with and 17 without back pain to determine reproducibility. The total displacement, mediolateral and anterior-posterior displacements of the centre of pressure in mm for the static, and the normalized and composite reach distances for the dynamic tests were analysed. Intraclass correlation coefficients, 95\% confidence intervals, and a Bland-Altman analysis were calculated for reproducibility. Intraclass correlation coefficients for subjects with (0.54 to 0.65), (0.61 to 0.69) and without (0.45 to 0.49), (0.52 to 0.60) back pain were obtained on the static test for right and left legs, respectively. Likewise, (0.79 to 0.88), (0.75 to 0.93) for subjects with and (0.61 to 0.82), (0.60 to 0.85) for those without back pain were obtained on the dynamic test for the right and left legs, respectively. Systematic bias was not observed between test and retest of subjects on both static and dynamic tests. The one-legged stance and star excursion balance tests have fair to excellent reliabilities on measures of postural control in adolescent athletes with and without back pain. They can be used as measures of postural control in adolescent athletes with and without back pain.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{AriasAndres2018, author = {Arias Andr{\´e}s, Mar{\´i}a de Jes{\´u}s}, title = {Microbial gene exchange on microplastic particles}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417241}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {94}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Plastic pollution is ubiquitous on the planet since several millions of tons of plastic waste enter aquatic ecosystems each year. Furthermore, the amount of plastic produced is expected to increase exponentially shortly. The heterogeneity of materials, additives and physical characteristics of plastics are typical of these emerging contaminants and affect their environmental fate in marine and freshwaters. Consequently, plastics can be found in the water column, sediments or littoral habitats of all aquatic ecosystems. Most of this plastic debris will fragment as a product of physical, chemical and biological forces, producing particles of small size. These particles (< 5mm) are known as "microplastics" (MP). Given their high surface-to-volume ratio, MP stimulate biofouling and the formation of biofilms in aquatic systems. As a result of their unique structure and composition, the microbial communities in MP biofilms are referred to as the "Plastisphere." While there is increasing data regarding the distinctive composition and structure of the microbial communities that form part of the plastisphere, scarce information exists regarding the activity of microorganisms in MP biofilms. This surface-attached lifestyle is often associated with the increase in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) among bacteria. Therefore, this type of microbial activity represents a relevant function worth to be analyzed in MP biofilms. The horizontal exchange of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) is an essential feature of bacteria. It accounts for the rapid evolution of these prokaryotes and their adaptation to a wide variety of environments. The process of HGT is also crucial for spreading antibiotic resistance and for the evolution of pathogens, as many MGEs are known to contain antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and genetic determinants of pathogenicity. In general, the research presented in this Ph.D. thesis focuses on the analysis of HGT and heterotrophic activity in MP biofilms in aquatic ecosystems. The primary objective was to analyze the potential of gene exchange between MP bacterial communities vs. that of the surrounding water, including bacteria from natural aggregates. Moreover, the thesis addressed the potential of MP biofilms for the proliferation of biohazardous bacteria and MGEs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and associated with antibiotic resistance. Finally, it seeks to prove if the physiological profile of MP biofilms under different limnological conditions is divergent from that of the water communities. Accordingly, the thesis is composed of three independent studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The two laboratory studies were performed using both model and environmental microbial communities. In the field experiment, natural communities from freshwater ecosystems were examined. In Chapter I, the inflow of treated wastewater into a temperate lake was simulated with a concentration gradient of MP particles. The effects of MP on the microbial community structure and the occurrence of integrase 1 (int 1) were followed. The int 1 is a marker associated with mobile genetic elements and known as a proxy for anthropogenic effects on the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. During the experiment, the abundance of int1 increased in the plastisphere with increasing MP particle concentration, but not in the surrounding water. In addition, the microbial community on MP was more similar to the original wastewater community with increasing microplastic concentrations. Our results show that microplastic particles indeed promote persistence of standard indicators of microbial anthropogenic pollution in natural waters. In Chapter II, the experiments aimed to compare the permissiveness of aquatic bacteria towards model antibiotic resistance plasmid pKJK5, between communities that form biofilms on MP vs. those that are free-living. The frequency of plasmid transfer in bacteria associated with MP was higher when compared to bacteria that are free-living or in natural aggregates. Moreover, comparison increased gene exchange occurred in a broad range of phylogenetically-diverse bacteria. The results indicate a different activity of HGT in MP biofilms, which could affect the ecology of aquatic microbial communities on a global scale and the spread of antibiotic resistance. Finally, in Chapter III, physiological measurements were performed to assess whether microorganisms on MP had a different functional diversity from those in water. General heterotrophic activity such as oxygen consumption was compared in microcosm assays with and without MP, while diversity and richness of heterotrophic activities were calculated by using Biolog® EcoPlates. Three lakes with different nutrient statuses presented differences in MP-associated biomass build up. Functional diversity profiles of MP biofilms in all lakes differed from those of the communities in the surrounding water, but only in the oligo-mesotrophic lake MP biofilms had a higher functional richness compared to the ambient water. The results support that MP surfaces act as new niches for aquatic microorganisms and can affect global carbon dynamics of pelagic environments. Overall, the experimental works presented in Chapters I and II support a scenario where MP pollution affects HGT dynamics among aquatic bacteria. Among the consequences of this alteration is an increase in the mobilization and transfer efficiency of ARGs. Moreover, it supposes that changes in HGT can affect the evolution of bacteria and the processing of organic matter, leading to different catabolic profiles such as demonstrated in Chapter III. The results are discussed in the context of the fate and magnitude of plastic pollution and the importance of HGT for bacterial evolution and the microbial loop, i.e., at the base of aquatic food webs. The thesis supports a relevant role of MP biofilm communities for the changes observed in the aquatic microbiome as a product of intense human intervention.}, language = {en} } @misc{Ariel2018, author = {Ariel, Yaakov S.}, title = {Ismar Schorsch: Leopold Zunz. Creativity in Adversity / [rezensiert von] Yaakov Ariel}, series = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, journal = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417918}, pages = {239 -- 241}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @article{Ariel2018, author = {Ariel, Yaakov S.}, title = {A New Kind of Jew}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, number = {23}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-418-0}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408952}, pages = {133 -- 148}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The article examines Allen Ginsberg's spiritual path, and places his interest in Asian religions within larger cultural agendas and life choices. While identifying as a Jew, Ginsberg wished to transcend beyond his parents' orbit and actively sought to create an inclusive, tolerant, and permissive society where persons such as himself could live and create at ease. He chose elements from the Christian, Jewish, Native-American, Hindu, and Buddhist traditions, weaving them together into an ever-growing cultural and spiritual quilt. The poet never underwent a conversion experience or restricted his choices and freedoms. In Ginsberg's understanding, Buddhism was a universal, non-theistic religion that meshed well with an individualist outlook, and worked toward personal solace and mindfulness. He and other Jews saw no contradiction between enchantment with Buddhism and their Jewish identity.}, language = {en} } @misc{Arnold2018, author = {Arnold, Rafael D.}, title = {Carsten Schapkow: Role Model and Countermodel. The Golden Age of Iberian Jewry and German Jewish Culture During the Era of Emancipation / rezensiert von Rafael D. Arnold}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, number = {23}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-418-0}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409071}, pages = {221 -- 224}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Rezensiertes Werk: Carsten Schapkow: Role Model and Countermodel. The Golden Age of Iberian Jewry and German Jewish Culture During the Era of Emancipation, {\"u}bers. von Corey Twitchell, Lanham / Boulder / New York / London: Lexington Books 2016, 305 S.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Arora2018, author = {Arora, Ashima}, title = {Optical and electric field control of magnetism}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421479}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ii, 126}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Future magnetic recording industry needs a high-density data storage technology. However, switching the magnetization of small bits requires high magnetic fields that cause excessive heat dissipation. Therefore, controlling magnetism without applying external magnetic field is an important research topic for potential applications in data storage devices with low power consumption. Among the different approaches being investigated, two of them stand out, namely i) all-optical helicity dependent switching (AO-HDS) and ii) ferroelectric control of magnetism. This thesis aims to contribute towards a better understanding of the physical processes behinds these effects as well as reporting new and exciting possibility for the optical and/or electric control of magnetic properties. Hence, the thesis contains two differentiated chapters of results; the first devoted to AO-HDS on TbFe alloys and the second to the electric field control of magnetism in an archetypal Fe/BaTiO3 system. In the first part, the scalability of the AO-HDS to small laser spot-sizes of few microns in the ferrimagnetic TbFe alloy is investigated by spatially resolving the magnetic contrast with photo-emission electron microscopy (PEEM) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The results show that the AO-HDS is a local effect within the laser spot size that occurs in the ring-shaped region in the vicinity of thermal demagnetization. Within the ring region, the helicity dependent switching occurs via thermally activated domain wall motion. Further, the thesis reports on a novel effect of thickness dependent inversion of the switching orientation. It addresses some of the important questions like the role of laser heating and the microscopic mechanism driving AO-HDS. The second part of the thesis focuses on the electric field control of magnetism in an artificial multiferroic heterostructure. The sample consists of an Fe wedge with thickness varying between 0:5 nm and 3 nm, deposited on top of a ferroelectric and ferroelastic BaTiO3 [001]-oriented single crystal substrate. Here, the magnetic contrast is imaged via PEEM and XMCD as a function of out-of-plane voltage. The results show the evidence of the electric field control of superparamagnetism mediated by a ferroelastic modification of the magnetic anisotropy. The changes in the magnetoelastic anisotropy drive the transition from the superparamagnetic to superferromagnetic state at localized sample positions.}, language = {en} } @misc{Aust2018, author = {Aust, Cornelia}, title = {Nathanael Riemer (Hg.): Einf{\"u}hrungen in die Materiellen Kulturen des Judentums / [rezensiert von] Cornelia Aust}, series = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, journal = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417999}, pages = {266 -- 268}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @misc{AyzelIzhitskiy2018, author = {Ayzel, Georgy and Izhitskiy, Alexander}, title = {Coupling physically based and data-driven models for assessing freshwater inflow into the Small Aral Sea}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {703}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42787}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427873}, pages = {151 -- 158}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The Aral Sea desiccation and related changes in hydroclimatic conditions on a regional level is a hot topic for past decades. The key problem of scientific research projects devoted to an investigation of modern Aral Sea basin hydrological regime is its discontinuous nature - the only limited amount of papers takes into account the complex runoff formation system entirely. Addressing this challenge we have developed a continuous prediction system for assessing freshwater inflow into the Small Aral Sea based on coupling stack of hydrological and data-driven models. Results show a good prediction skill and approve the possibility to develop a valuable water assessment tool which utilizes the power of classical physically based and modern machine learning models both for territories with complex water management system and strong water-related data scarcity. The source code and data of the proposed system is available on a Github page (https://github.com/SMASHIproject/IWRM2018).}, language = {en} } @techreport{Baade2018, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Baade, Bj{\"o}rnstjern}, title = {Fake News and International Law}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {18}, issn = {2509-3770}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42238}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422383}, pages = {23}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In light of current efforts at addressing the dangers of fake news, this article will revisit the international law relevant to the phenomenon, in particular the prohibition of intervention, the 1936 International Convention on the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace, and the 1953 Convention on the International Right of Correction. It will be argued that important lessons can be learned from the League of Nations' (LON) efforts in the interwar period and the UN's activities in the immediate post-WWII era, while taking into account the new challenges that arise from modern communication technology. Taking up the LON's and UN's distinction between false and distorted news, the international legal framework will be tested, in particular, against the coverage of the 2016 'Lisa case' by Russian Government-funded media. This coverage is widely considered to be fake news aimed at destabilizing Germany's society and institutions. The article argues that false news can be subject to repressive regulation in a sensible manner. Distorted news, however, will have to be tolerated legally, since prohibitions in this regard would be too prone to abuse. A free and pluralist media, complemented by an appropriate governmental information policy, remains the best answer to fake news in all its forms. Due diligence obligations to fact-check, transparency, and remedies that are effective despite difficulties in attribution, and despite a lack of universal acceptance, could likewise be conducive.}, language = {en} } @misc{BacskaiAtkariBaudisch2018, author = {Bacskai-Atkari, Julia and Baudisch, Lisa}, title = {Clause typing in Germanic}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406810}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The questionnaire investigates the functional left periphery of various finite clauses in Germanic languages, with particular attention paid to clause-typing elements and the combinations thereof. The questionnaire is mostly concerned with clause typing in embedded clauses, but main clause counterparts are also considered for comparative purposes. The chief aim was to achieve comparable results across Germanic languages, though the standardised questionnaire may also be helpful in the study of other languages, too. Most questions examine the availability of various complementisers and clause-typing operators, and in some cases the movement of verbs to the left periphery is also taken into account. The questionnaire is split into seven major parts according to the types of clauses under scrutiny. All instructions were given in English and the individual questions either concern translations of given sentences from English into the target language, and/or they ask for specific details about the constructions in the target language. The present document contains the questionnaire itself (together with the instructions given at the beginning of the questionnaire and at the beginning of the individual sections, as well as the questions asking for personal data), the sociolinguistic data of the speakers, and the actual results for the individual languages. Five Germanic languages are included: Dutch, Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish. For each language, two informants were recruited. Given the small number of informants, the present study serves as a qualitative investigation and as a basis for further, quantitative and experimental studies.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BadoSchulzeGuentheretal.2018, author = {Bad{\´o}, Attila and Schulze, G{\"o}tz and G{\"u}nther, Oliver and Maisel, Markus and Tr{\´o}cs{\´a}nyi, L{\´a}zl{\´o} and Belling, Detlev W.}, title = {Deutsch-Ungarisches Symposium 2018}, series = {Acta Iuridica Universitatis Potsdamiensis}, booktitle = {Acta Iuridica Universitatis Potsdamiensis}, number = {5}, editor = {Bad{\´o}, Attila}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-428-9}, issn = {2199-9686}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407923}, pages = {148}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Der Band enth{\"a}lt die Vortr{\"a}ge, welche anl{\"a}sslich der Verabschiedung von Detlev W. Belling in den Ruhestand gehalten wurden: Der Beitrag des Ministers der Justiz von Ungarn, L{\´a}szl{\´o} Tr{\´o}cs{\´a}nyi, befasst sich mit dem Thema Demokratie, Identit{\"a}t und Rechtsstaat - die europ{\"a}ische Integration und die Mitgliedstaaten. Entwickelt wird eine Vision der Europ{\"a}ischen Union, die statt auf fortschreitender Zentralisierung st{\"a}rker auf einer gleichberechtigten Kooperation der Mitgliedstaaten basiert. Die nationalen Verfassungsidentit{\"a}ten sollen als unentbehrliche Bestandteile der nationalen Souver{\"a}nit{\"a}t nicht der europ{\"a}ischen Integration geopfert werden. Vor allem der Grundsatz vom Vorrang des Unionsrechts wird in diesem Zusammenhang kritisch hinterfragt. „Integrationswut" gelte es zu verhindern. Die Rechtsstaatlichkeit einzelner Mitgliedstaaten d{\"u}rfe durch die Union nicht infrage gestellt werden. In seiner Abschlussvorlesung geht Detlev W. Belling der Frage nach, ob und inwieweit die Aus{\"u}bung der Gnadenbefugnisse durch die Gnadentr{\"a}ger in einem s{\"a}kularen und republikanischen Rechtsstaat der gerichtlichen Kontrolle unterliegen sollte. Detailliert werden in diesem Zusammenhang nicht nur die bisherige Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts und das breit gef{\"a}cherte Meinungsspektrum der Literatur abgebildet. Anhand einer Vielzahl von Beispielen aus der ferneren und unmittelbaren Geschichte wird die Entwicklung des Gnadenrechts nachgezeichnet. Missbrauchsgefahren, wie sie nicht nur kennzeichnend f{\"u}r Diktaturen und Monarchien sind, werden aufgezeigt. Die Erkenntnisse aus der historischen Darstellung aufgreifend, wird anhand einer umfassenden Analyse der geltenden Rechtslage nachgewiesen, aus welchen Gr{\"u}nden die Konstitutionalisierung des Begnadigungsrechts geboten ist.}, language = {de} } @misc{BaldermannHomannNeugartetal.2018, author = {Baldermann, Susanne and Homann, Thomas and Neugart, Susanne and Chmielewski, Frank M. and G{\"o}tz, Klaus-Peter and G{\"o}deke, Kristin and Huschek, Gerd and Morlock, Gertrud E. and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal}, title = {Selected Plant Metabolites Involved in Oxidation-Reduction Processes during Bud Dormancy and Ontogenetic Development in Sweet Cherry Buds (Prunus avium L.)}, series = {Molecules}, journal = {Molecules}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417442}, pages = {19}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Many biochemical processes are involved in regulating the consecutive transition of different phases of dormancy in sweet cherry buds. An evaluation based on a metabolic approach has, as yet, only been partly addressed. The aim of this work, therefore, was to determine which plant metabolites could serve as biomarkers for the different transitions in sweet cherry buds. The focus here was on those metabolites involved in oxidation-reduction processes during bud dormancy, as determined by targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry-based methods. The metabolites addressed included phenolic compounds, ascorbate/dehydroascorbate, reducing sugars, carotenoids and chlorophylls. The results demonstrate that the content of phenolic compounds decrease until the end of endodormancy. After a long period of constancy until the end of ecodormancy, a final phase of further decrease followed up to the phenophase open cluster. The main phenolic compounds were caffeoylquinic acids, coumaroylquinic acids and catechins, as well as quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. The data also support the protective role of ascorbate and glutathione in the para- and endodormancy phases. Consistent trends in the content of reducing sugars can be elucidated for the different phenophases of dormancy, too. The untargeted approach with principle component analysis (PCA) clearly differentiates the different timings of dormancy giving further valuable information.}, language = {en} } @article{BallentinKaehler2018, author = {Ballentin, Josefine and K{\"a}hler, Claudia}, title = {„Wir aus dem Osten geh'n immer nach vorn."}, series = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis}, journal = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-416-6}, issn = {2194-1599}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408743}, pages = {141 -- 160}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{Baranzke2018, author = {Baranzke, Heike}, title = {Wozu ist die moralische Gemeinschaft der Gleichen da?}, series = {Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten}, journal = {Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten}, number = {18}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416571}, pages = {229 -- 253}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @techreport{BarkholdtKulaga2018, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Barkholdt, Janina and Kulaga, Julian}, title = {Analytical Presentation of the Comments and Observations by States on Draft Article 7, Paragraph 1, of the ILC Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials From Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction, United Nations General Assembly, Sixth Committee, 2017}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {14}, issn = {2509-3770}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42212}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422128}, pages = {108}, year = {2018}, abstract = {During its sessions in 2016 and 2017 the UN International Law Commission (ILC) debated the question whether the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction is subject to exceptions for international crimes and provisionally adopted a Draft Article 7 on immunity ratione materiae. The following analytical presentation classifies and documents the reactions of States to draft article 7, paragraph 1, as they have been expressed in the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the General Assembly in 2017.}, language = {en} } @article{Bartkowiak2018, author = {Bartkowiak, Michael}, title = {Fußball-„R{\"a}ume" als „m{\"a}nnliche R{\"a}ume"?}, series = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis}, journal = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-416-6}, issn = {2194-1599}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408707}, pages = {77 -- 102}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @misc{Battenberg2018, author = {Battenberg, J. Friedrich}, title = {Michał Szulc: Emanzipation in Stadt und Staat / rezensiert von J. Friedrich Battenberg}, series = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, journal = {PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus \& other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions}, number = {23}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-418-0}, issn = {1614-6492}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409142}, pages = {235 -- 237}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Rezensiertes Werk: Michał Szulc: Emanzipation in Stadt und Staat. Die Judenpolitik in Danzig 1807-1847 (= Hamburger Beitr{\"a}ge zur Geschichte der deutschen Juden XLVI), G{\"o}ttingen: Wallstein Verlag 2016, 352 S.}, language = {de} } @article{Bauer2018, author = {Bauer, Hartmut}, title = {Privatisierung oder Publizisierung?}, series = {KWI Schriften}, journal = {KWI Schriften}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-417-3}, issn = {1867-951X}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409369}, pages = {15 -- 39}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @book{BauerSzewczykPopowskaetal.2018, author = {Bauer, Hartmut and Szewczyk, Marek and Popowska, Bożena and Meier, Michael and Abromeit, Wolfgang and Fuks, Adrian and Lissoń, Piotr and Kruś, Maciej and Princ, Marcin and Staniszewska, Lucyna and Pawłowski, Sławomir and Jędrzejczak, Maria}, title = {Publizisierung {\"o}ffentlicher Aufgaben}, series = {KWI Schriften}, journal = {KWI Schriften}, number = {11}, editor = {Bauer, Hartmut and Szewczyk, Marek and Popowska, Bożena and Meier, Michael and Fuks, Adrian}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-417-3}, issn = {1867-951X}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402270}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {197}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die Privatisierungseuphorie der vergangenen Jahrzehnte ist heute weitgehend verflogen. Nicht nur die Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise hat das Vertrauen in die Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit der M{\"a}rkte ersch{\"u}ttert. Auch haben bei weitem nicht alle Privatisierungsmaßnahmen die in sie gesetzten Erwartungen erf{\"u}llt. Daher war schon vor vielen Jahren eine Trendwende weg von der Privatisierung und hin zu dem gegenl{\"a}ufigen Prozess der Rekommunalisierung zu beobachten. Die R{\"u}ckkehr zum {\"O}ffentlichen beschr{\"a}nkt sich aber nicht auf den kommunalen Bereich, sondern ist l{\"a}ngst auch auf Landes-, Bundes-, EU- und sogar globaler Ebene zu beobachten. Ebenen{\"u}bergreifend l{\"a}sst sich dieser Trend zu Rekommunalisierung und R{\"u}ckverstaatlichung mit dem neuen Begriff der „Publizisierung" erfassen. Freilich ist die Trendwende „hin zum {\"O}ffentlichen" kein durchg{\"a}ngiges Ph{\"a}nomen. Vielmehr gibt es daneben auch Bestrebungen, die auf k{\"u}nftige Privatisierungen abzielen - etwa im Infrastrukturbereich. An diesen gegenl{\"a}ufigen Entwicklungstendenzen setzt der vorliegende Tagungsband an. Er dokumentiert den Gedankenaustausch zwischen polnischen und deutschen Verwaltungsrechtswissenschaftlern auf einer Tagung, die im Juni 2017 an der Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza (Adam-Mickiewicz-Universit{\"a}t, UAM) in Poznań stattgefunden hat. Dieses Symposium ist Teil einer Kooperation zwischen der UAM und dem Kommunalwissenschaftlichen Institut (KWI) der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, die sich mit dem umfassenderen Programm einer „Modernisierung des Gemeinwesens" besch{\"a}ftigt und dabei den Fokus insbesondere auf die beiden Modernisierungsans{\"a}tze „Privatisierung" und „Publizisierung" richtet.}, language = {de} } @article{BauerSzewczykPopowskaetal.2018, author = {Bauer, Hartmut and Szewczyk, Marek and Popowska, Bożena and Meier, Michael and Fuks, Adrian}, title = {Editorial}, series = {KWI Schriften}, journal = {KWI Schriften}, number = {11}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-417-3}, issn = {1867-951X}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409350}, pages = {7 -- 14}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Bazhenova2018, author = {Bazhenova, Ekaterina}, title = {Discovery of Decision Models Complementary to Process Models}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410020}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Business process management is an acknowledged asset for running an organization in a productive and sustainable way. One of the most important aspects of business process management, occurring on a daily basis at all levels, is decision making. In recent years, a number of decision management frameworks have appeared in addition to existing business process management systems. More recently, Decision Model and Notation (DMN) was developed by the OMG consortium with the aim of complementing the widely used Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). One of the reasons for the emergence of DMN is the increasing interest in the evolving paradigm known as the separation of concerns. This paradigm states that modeling decisions complementary to processes reduces process complexity by externalizing decision logic from process models and importing it into a dedicated decision model. Such an approach increases the agility of model design and execution. This provides organizations with the flexibility to adapt to the ever increasing rapid and dynamic changes in the business ecosystem. The research gap, identified by us, is that the separation of concerns, recommended by DMN, prescribes the externalization of the decision logic of process models in one or more separate decision models, but it does not specify this can be achieved. The goal of this thesis is to overcome the presented gap by developing a framework for discovering decision models in a semi-automated way from information about existing process decision making. Thus, in this thesis we develop methodologies to extract decision models from: (1) control flow and data of process models that exist in enterprises; and (2) from event logs recorded by enterprise information systems, encapsulating day-to-day operations. Furthermore, we provide an extension of the methodologies to discover decision models from event logs enriched with fuzziness, a tool dealing with partial knowledge of the process execution information. All the proposed techniques are implemented and evaluated in case studies using real-life and synthetic process models and event logs. The evaluation of these case studies shows that the proposed methodologies provide valid and accurate output decision models that can serve as blueprints for executing decisions complementary to process models. Thus, these methodologies have applicability in the real world and they can be used, for example, for compliance checks, among other uses, which could improve the organization's decision making and hence it's overall performance.}, language = {en} } @article{BeckKriehuberBochetal.2018, author = {Beck, Christina and Kriehuber, Eva and Boch, Florian and Engl, Anna-Teresa and Helzel, Andreas and Pickert, Tina and Reiter, Christian and Blasini, Bettina and Nerdel, Claudia}, title = {Vernetzung von Fachwissenschaft, Fachdidaktik, Erziehungswissenschaft und Schulpraxis}, series = {Koh{\"a}renz in der universit{\"a}ren Lehrerbildung}, journal = {Koh{\"a}renz in der universit{\"a}ren Lehrerbildung}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-438-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418670}, pages = {309 -- 330}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Beck2018, author = {Beck, Christoph}, title = {Geschichtsphilosophie als Provokation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410977}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {316}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In einer verschr{\"a}nkten Lekt{\"u}re von Curtius, Auerbach und Bachtin macht die Dissertation sichtbar, wie die Autoren mit ihren Arbeiten zur europ{\"a}ischen Literaturgeschichte nach einer ethischen Orientierung in der Krise der Moderne suchen. Ihr Konzept einer philologisch fundierten Geschichtsphilosophie in praktischer Absicht wird sowohl kultur- und theoriegeschichtlich aufbereitet, als auch anhand detaillierter Textanalysen nachvollzogen. Der Blick auf den geschichtsphilosophischen Aspekt ihrer Forschungsarbeit erweist sich hierbei nicht nur insoweit als fruchtbar, als er sich als Schl{\"u}ssel offenbart, philologische Mikrologie und breite Zusammenschau sowie ideengeschichtliche und gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen zu verkn{\"u}pfen. Ihr Ansatz offenbart sich auch als wesentlich differenzierter, als es die g{\"a}ngigen Vorbehalte gegen{\"u}ber der Geschichtsphilosophie vermuten lassen. Die Untersuchung erweitert aus diesem Grund den methodischen Diskurshorizont, indem sie die M{\"o}glichkeiten einer kritischen Geschichtsphilosophie f{\"u}r gegenw{\"a}rtige Fragen der Literaturgeschichte neu justiert. Dies geschieht {\"u}ber den Zugang so unterschiedlicher Rezeptionen wie der von Anselm Haverkamp, Edward Said, Terry Eagleton und Homi Bhabha, die einen Diskussionsraum er{\"o}ffnen, welcher den eigenen historischen Standpunkt der Dissertation im Kontext von Postmoderne und Postkolonialismus reflektiert.}, language = {de} } @misc{BeermannWestburyHofreiteretal.2018, author = {Beermann, Jan and Westbury, Michael V. and Hofreiter, Michael and Hilgers, Leon and Deister, Fabian and Neumann, Hermann and Raupach, Michael J.}, title = {Cryptic species in a well-known habitat}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1059}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46079}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-460792}, pages = {28}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Taxonomy plays a central role in biological sciences. It provides a communication system for scientists as it aims to enable correct identification of the studied organisms. As a consequence, species descriptions should seek to include as much available information as possible at species level to follow an integrative concept of 'taxonomics'. Here, we describe the cryptic species Epimeria frankei sp. nov. from the North Sea, and also redescribe its sister species, Epimeria cornigera. The morphological information obtained is substantiated by DNA barcodes and complete nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequences. In addition, we provide, for the first time, full mitochondrial genome data as part of a metazoan species description for a holotype, as well as the neotype. This study represents the first successful implementation of the recently proposed concept of taxonomics, using data from high-throughput technologies for integrative taxonomic studies, allowing the highest level of confidence for both biodiversity and ecological research.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Behrendt2018, author = {Behrendt, Felix Nicolas}, title = {New bio-based polymers}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418316}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vii, 153}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Redox-responsive polymers, such as poly(disulfide)s, are a versatile class of polymers with potential applications including gene- and drug-carrier systems. Their degradability under reductive conditions allows for a controlled response to the different redox states that are present throughout the body. Poly(disulfide)s are typically synthesized by step growth polymerizations. Step growth polymerizations, however, may suffer from low conversions and therefore low molar masses, limiting potential applications. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to find and investigate new synthetic routes towards the synthesis of amino acid-based poly(disulfide)s. The different routes in this thesis include entropy-driven ring opening polymerizations of novel macrocyclic monomers, derived from cystine derivatives. These monomers were obtained with overall yields of up to 77\% and were analyzed by mass spectrometry as well as by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The kinetics of the entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP) were thoroughly investigated in dependence of temperature, monomer concentration, and catalyst concentration. The polymerization was optimized to yield poly(disulfide)s with weight average molar masses of up to 80 kDa and conversions of ~80\%, at the thermodynamic equilibrium. Additionally, an alternative metal free polymerization, namely the entropy-driven ring-opening disulfide metathesis polymerization (ED-RODiMP) was established for the polymerization of the macrocyclic monomers. The effect of different solvents, concentrations and catalyst loadings on the polymerization process and its kinetics were studied. Polymers with very high weight average molar masses of up to 177 kDa were obtained. Moreover, various post-polymerization reactions were successfully performed. This work provides the first example of the homopolymerization of endo-cyclic disulfides by ED-ROMP and the first substantial study into the kinetics of the ED-RODiMP process.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Behrens2018, author = {Behrens, Ricarda}, title = {Causes for slow weathering and erosion in the steep, warm, monsoon-subjected Highlands of Sri Lanka}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408503}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {ix, 107, XXIV}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In the Highlands of Sri Lanka, erosion and chemical weathering rates are among the lowest for global mountain denudation. In this tropical humid setting, highly weathered deep saprolite profiles have developed from high-grade metamorphic charnockite during spheroidal weathering of the bedrock. The spheroidal weathering produces rounded corestones and spalled rindlets at the rock-saprolite interface. I used detailed textural, mineralogical, chemical, and electron-microscopic (SEM, FIB, TEM) analyses to identify the factors limiting the rate of weathering front advance in the profile, the sequence of weathering reactions, and the underlying mechanisms. The first mineral attacked by weathering was found to be pyroxene initiated by in situ Fe oxidation, followed by in situ biotite oxidation. Bulk dissolution of the primary minerals is best described with a dissolution - re-precipitation process, as no chemical gradients towards the mineral surface and sharp structural boundaries are observed at the nm scale. Only the local oxidation in pyroxene and biotite is better described with an ion by ion process. The first secondary phases are oxides and amorphous precipitates from which secondary minerals (mainly smectite and kaolinite) form. Only for biotite direct solid state transformation to kaolinite is likely. The initial oxidation of pyroxene and biotite takes place in locally restricted areas and is relatively fast: log J = -11 molmin/(m2 s). However, calculated corestone-scale mineral oxidation rates are comparable to corestone-scale mineral dissolution rates: log R = -13 molpx/(m2 s) and log R = -15 molbt/(m2 s). The oxidation reaction results in a volume increase. Volumetric calculations suggest that this observed oxidation leads to the generation of porosity due to the formation of micro-fractures in the minerals and the bedrock allowing for fluid transport and subsequent dissolution of plagioclase. At the scale of the corestone, this fracture reaction is responsible for the larger fractures that lead to spheroidal weathering and to the formation of rindlets. Since these fractures have their origin from the initial oxidational induced volume increase, oxidation is the rate limiting parameter for weathering to take place. The ensuing plagioclase weathering leads to formation of high secondary porosity in the corestone over a distance of only a few cm and eventually to the final disaggregation of bedrock to saprolite. As oxidation is the first weathering reaction, the supply of O2 is a rate-limiting factor for chemical weathering. Hence, the supply of O2 and its consumption at depth connects processes at the weathering front with erosion at the surface in a feedback mechanism. The strength of the feedback depends on the relative weight of advective versus diffusive transport of O2 through the weathering profile. The feedback will be stronger with dominating diffusive transport. The low weathering rate ultimately depends on the transport of O2 through the whole regolith, and on lithological factors such as low bedrock porosity and the amount of Fe-bearing primary minerals. In this regard the low-porosity charnockite with its low content of Fe(II) bearing minerals impedes fast weathering reactions. Fresh weatherable surfaces are a pre-requisite for chemical weathering. However, in the case of the charnockite found in the Sri Lankan Highlands, the only process that generates these surfaces is the fracturing induced by oxidation. Tectonic quiescence in this region and low pre-anthropogenic erosion rate (attributed to a dense vegetation cover) minimize the rejuvenation of the thick and cohesive regolith column, and lowers weathering through the feedback with erosion.}, language = {en} } @article{Belling2018, author = {Belling, Detlev W.}, title = {Die Konstitutionalisierung des Begnadigungsrechts}, series = {Deutsch-Ungarisches Symposium 2018}, journal = {Deutsch-Ungarisches Symposium 2018}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-428-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409978}, pages = {31 -- 148}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In seiner Abschlussvorlesung geht Detlev W. Belling der Frage nach, ob und inwieweit die Aus{\"u}bung der Gnadenbefugnisse durch die Gnadentr{\"a}ger in einem s{\"a}kularen und republikanischen Rechtsstaat der gerichtlichen Kontrolle unterliegen sollte. Detailliert werden in diesem Zusammenhang nicht nur die bisherige Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts und das breit gef{\"a}cherte Meinungsspektrum der Literatur abgebildet. Anhand einer Vielzahl von Beispielen aus der ferneren und unmittelbaren Geschichte wird die Entwicklung des Gnadenrechts nachgezeichnet. Missbrauchsgefahren, wie sie nicht nur kennzeichnend f{\"u}r Diktaturen und Monarchien sind, werden aufgezeigt. Die Erkenntnisse aus der historischen Darstellung aufgreifend, wird anhand einer umfassenden Analyse der geltenden Rechtslage nachgewiesen, aus welchen Gr{\"u}nden die Konstitutionalisierung des Begnadigungsrechts geboten ist.}, language = {de} } @article{Belling2018, author = {Belling, Detlev W.}, title = {Предисловие немецкой стороны}, series = {Vierte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 31.05.-03.06.2016 mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, journal = {Vierte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 31.05.-03.06.2016 mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411433}, pages = {12 -- 12}, year = {2018}, language = {ru} } @article{Belling2018, author = {Belling, Detlev W.}, title = {Vorwort der deutschen Seite}, series = {Vierte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 31.05.-03.06.2016 mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, journal = {Vierte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 31.05.-03.06.2016 mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universit{\"a}t (Akademie)}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411426}, pages = {11 -- 11}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Bergholz2018, author = {Bergholz, Kolja}, title = {Trait-based understanding of plant species distributions along environmental gradients}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42634}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426341}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {128}, year = {2018}, abstract = {For more than two centuries, plant ecologists have aimed to understand how environmental gradients and biotic interactions shape the distribution and co-occurrence of plant species. In recent years, functional trait-based approaches have been increasingly used to predict patterns of species co-occurrence and species distributions along environmental gradients (trait-environment relationships). Functional traits are measurable properties at the individual level that correlate well with important processes. Thus, they allow us to identify general patterns by synthesizing studies across specific taxonomic compositions, thereby fostering our understanding of the underlying processes of species assembly. However, the importance of specific processes have been shown to be highly dependent on the spatial scale under consideration. In particular, it remains uncertain which mechanisms drive species assembly and allow for plant species coexistence at smaller, more local spatial scales. Furthermore, there is still no consensus on how particular environmental gradients affect the trait composition of plant communities. For example, increasing drought because of climate change is predicted to be a main threat to plant diversity, although it remains unclear which traits of species respond to increasing aridity. Similarly, there is conflicting evidence of how soil fertilization affects the traits related to establishment ability (e.g., seed mass). In this cumulative dissertation, I present three empirical trait-based studies that investigate specific research questions in order to improve our understanding of species distributions along environmental gradients. In the first case study, I analyze how annual species assemble at the local scale and how environmental heterogeneity affects different facets of biodiversity—i.e. taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity—at different spatial scales. The study was conducted in a semi-arid environment at the transition zone between desert and Mediterranean ecosystems that features a sharp precipitation gradient (Israel). Different null model analyses revealed strong support for environmentally driven species assembly at the local scale, since species with similar traits tended to co-occur and shared high abundances within microsites (trait convergence). A phylogenetic approach, which assumes that closely related species are functionally more similar to each other than distantly related ones, partly supported these results. However, I observed that species abundances within microsites were, surprisingly, more evenly distributed across the phylogenetic tree than expected (phylogenetic overdispersion). Furthermore, I showed that environmental heterogeneity has a positive effect on diversity, which was higher on functional than on taxonomic diversity and increased with spatial scale. The results of this case study indicate that environmental heterogeneity may act as a stabilizing factor to maintain species diversity at local scales, since it influenced species distribution according to their traits and positively influenced diversity. All results were constant along the precipitation gradient. In the second case study (same study system as case study one), I explore the trait responses of two Mediterranean annuals (Geropogon hybridus and Crupina crupinastrum) along a precipitation gradient that is comparable to the maximum changes in precipitation predicted to occur by the end of this century (i.e., -30\%). The heterocarpic G. hybridus showed strong trends in seed traits, suggesting that dispersal ability increased with aridity. By contrast, the homocarpic C. crupinastrum showed only a decrease in plant height as aridity increased, while leaf traits of both species showed no consistent pattern along the precipitation gradient. Furthermore, variance decomposition of traits revealed that most of the trait variation observed in the study system was actually found within populations. I conclude that trait responses towards aridity are highly species-specific and that the amount of precipitation is not the most striking environmental factor at this particular scale. In the third case study, I assess how soil fertilization mediates—directly by increased nutrient addition and indirectly by increased competition—the effect of seed mass on establishment ability. For this experiment, I used 22 species differing in seed mass from dry grasslands in northeastern Germany and analyzed the interacting effects of seed mass with nutrient availability and competition on four key components of seedling establishment: seedling emergence, time of seedling emergence, seedling survival, and seedling growth. (Time of) seedling emergence was not affected by seed mass. However, I observed that the positive effect of seed mass on seedling survival is lowered under conditions of high nutrient availability, whereas the positive effect of seed mass on seedling growth was only reduced by competition. Based on these findings, I developed a conceptual model of how seed mass should change along a soil fertility gradient in order to reconcile conflicting findings from the literature. In this model, seed mass shows a U-shaped pattern along the soil fertility gradient as a result of changing nutrient availability and competition. Overall, the three case studies highlight the role of environmental factors on species distribution and co-occurrence. Moreover, the findings of this thesis indicate that spatial heterogeneity at local scales may act as a stabilizing factor that allows species with different traits to coexist. In the concluding discussion, I critically debate intraspecific trait variability in plant community ecology, the use of phylogenetic relationships and easily measured key functional traits as a proxy for species' niches. Finally, I offer my outlook for the future of functional plant community research.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Berman2018, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Berman, Franklin}, title = {Authority in International Law}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {22}, issn = {2509-3770}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42284}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422843}, pages = {21}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The author discusses the question of authority when determining the content of an international legal rule. Taking Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute as a point of departure, he determines through meticolous analysis what ranks as judicial decisions as well as teachings within the meaning of the norm. The author then proceeds to a number of factors to determine authoritativeness: objectivity, knowledgeability, depth of analysis, and the presence or otherwise of reasoning and, in particular, the persuasiveness of an opinion. In the case of judicial pronouncements, the author points out that the paradox between Article 59 and Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute is only an apparent one. While judgments of the Court are binding only between the parties, it is merely the underlying reasoning that can be taken into account in the context of Article 38(1)(d) if considered persuasive. Without central authority, authoritativenes in international law must always be earned which is also the reason for the lack of an hierarchical order between as well as within judicial pronouncements and learned writings though the former are usually more likely to fulfil the criteria of authoritativeness. In both cases, however, previously acquired reputation of a court or even an individual judge as well as of a learned writer can create a presumption of authoritativeness. On a more general level, the author concludes with a call for a more careful differentiation between the determination of law and its application. Putting the issue discussed into perspective, the author argues that situations of law determination arise, contrary to common understanding, in fact far less often than situations of law application.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bertz2018, author = {Bertz, Martin}, title = {Funktion von Selenoproteinen  w{\"a}hrend der kolorektalen Karzinogenese}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42780}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427808}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {VII, 109}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Kolorektalkrebs (CRC) ist die dritth{\"a}ufigste Tumorerkrankung weltweit. Neben dem Alter spielt auch die Ern{\"a}hrung eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung der Krankheit. Eine vermutlich krebspr{\"a}ventive Wirkung wird dabei dem Spurenelement Selen zugeschrieben, das fast ausschließlich {\"u}ber Lebensmittel aufgenommen wird. So h{\"a}ngt beispielsweise ein niedriger Selenstatus mit dem Risiko, im Laufe des Lebens an CRC zu erkranken, zusammen. Seine Funktionen vermittelt Selen dabei {\"u}berwiegend durch Selenoproteine, in denen es in Form von Selenocystein eingebaut wird. Zu den bisher am besten untersuchten Selenoproteinen mit m{\"o}glicher Funktion w{\"a}hrend CRC z{\"a}hlen die Glutathionperoxidasen (GPXen). Die Mitglieder dieser Familie tragen aufgrund ihrer Hydroperoxid-reduzierenden Eigenschaften entscheidend zum Schutz der Zellen vor oxidativem Stress bei. Dies kann je nach Art und Stadium des Tumors entweder krebshemmend oder -f{\"o}rdernd wirken, da auch transformierte Zellen von dieser Schutzfunktion profitieren. In dieser Arbeit wurde die GPX2 in HT29-Darmkrebszellen mithilfe stabil-transfizierter shRNA herunterreguliert, um die Funktion des Enzyms vor allem in Hinblick auf regulierte Signalwege zu untersuchen. Ein Knockdowns (KD) der strukturell {\"a}hnlichen GPX1 kam ebenfalls zum Einsatz, um gezielt Isoform-spezifische Funktionen unterscheiden zu k{\"o}nnen. Anhand eines PCR-Arrays wurden Signalwege identifiziert, die auf einen Einfluss der beiden Proteine im Zellwachstum hindeuteten. Anschließende Untersuchungen ließen auf einen verminderten Differenzierungsstatus in den GPX1- und GPX2-KDs aufgrund einer geringeren Aktivit{\"a}t der Alkalischen Phosphatase schließen. Zudem war die Zellviabilit{\"a}t im Neutralrot-Assay (NRU) bei Fehlen der GPX1 bzw. GPX2 im Vergleich zur Kontrolle reduziert. Die Ergebnisse des PCR-Arrays, und speziell f{\"u}r die GPX2 fr{\"u}here Untersuchungen der Arbeitsgruppe, wiesen weiterhin auf eine Rolle der beiden Proteine in der entz{\"u}ndungsgetriebenen Karzinogenese hin. Daher wurden auch m{\"o}gliche Interaktionen mit dem NFκB-Signalweg analysiert. Eine Stimulation der Zellen mit dem proinflammatorischen Zytokin IL1β ging mit einer verst{\"a}rkten Aktivierung der MAP-Kinasen ERK1/2 in den Zellen mit GPX1- bzw. GPX2-KD einher. Die gleichzeitige Behandlung mit dem Antioxidans NAC f{\"u}hrte nicht zur R{\"u}cknahme der Effekte in den KDs, sodass m{\"o}glicherweise nicht nur die antioxidativen Eigenschaften der Enzyme bei der Interaktion mit diesen Signalwegsproteinen relevant sind. Weiterhin wurden Analysen zum Substratspektrum der GPX2 in HCT116-Zellen mit einer {\"U}berexpression des Proteins durchgef{\"u}hrt. Dabei zeigte sich mittels NRU-Assay und DNA-Laddering, dass die GPX2 besonders vor den proapoptotischen Effekten einer Behandlung mit den Lipidhydroperoxiden HPODE und HPETE sch{\"u}tzt. Im Gegensatz zur GPX2 l{\"a}sst sich Selenoprotein H (SELENOH) st{\"a}rker durch die aliment{\"a}re Selenzufuhr beeinflussen. Einer m{\"o}glichen Nutzung als Biomarker oder gar als Ansatzpunkt bei der Pr{\"a}vention bzw. Behandlung von CRC steht allerdings unvollst{\"a}ndiges Wissen {\"u}ber die Funktion des Proteins gegen{\"u}ber. Zur genaueren Charakterisierung von SELENOH wurden daher stabil-transfizierte KD-Klone in HT29- und Caco2-Zellen hergestellt und zun{\"a}chst auf ihre Tumorigenit{\"a}t untersucht. Zellen mit SELENOH-KD bildeten mehr und gr{\"o}ßere Kolonien im Soft Agar und zeigten ein erh{\"o}htes Proliferations- und Migrationspotenzial im Vergleich zur Kontrolle. Ein Xenograft in Nacktm{\"a}usen resultierte zudem in einer st{\"a}rkeren Tumorbildung nach Injektion von KD-Zellen. Untersuchungen zur Beteiligung von SELENOH an der Zellzyklusregulation deuten auf eine hemmende Rolle des Proteins in der G1/S-Phase hin. Die weiterhin beobachtete Hochregulation von SELENOH in humanen Adenokarzinomen und pr{\"a}kanzer{\"o}sem Mausgewebe l{\"a}sst sich m{\"o}glicherweise mit der postulierten Schutzfunktion vor oxidativen Zell- und DNA-Sch{\"a}den erkl{\"a}ren. In gesunden Darmepithelzellen war das Protein vorrangig am Kryptengrund lokalisiert, was zu einer potenziellen Rolle w{\"a}hrend der gastrointestinalen Differenzierung passt.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Biewener2018, author = {Biewener, Ann-Kathrin}, title = {S{\"a}kularisierung im Heiligen Land?}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42491}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424916}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {241}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Von einer S{\"a}kularisierung in einem Land wie Israel zu sprechen, wo die Religion offensichtlich einen wichtigen Teil des {\"o}ffentlichen Lebens darstellt, scheint widerspr{\"u}chlich zu sein. Doch Israel befindet sich bedingt durch Globalisierung, Pluralisierung und Modernisierung an einem Scheideweg. Teile der israelischen Gesellschaft s{\"a}kularisieren sich bereits. Die religi{\"o}se orthodoxe Vorherrschaft scheint zu br{\"o}ckeln. Kann jedoch deswegen von einem Mentalit{\"a}tswandel oder einer S{\"a}kularisierung des Staates gesprochen werden? Kann ein S{\"a}kularisierungsprozess in Israel erfolgreich sein? Wie muss ein s{\"a}kularer Staat beschaffen sein, um den unterschiedlichen religi{\"o}sen Denominationen die gleichen M{\"o}glichkeiten zu bieten? Welche Rolle spielen dabei die j{\"u}dische Diaspora, Einwanderungen und gesellschaftliche Minderheiten? Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es diese Fragen zu er{\"o}rtern. Auch wenn die enge Verkn{\"u}pfung von Nation und Religion im Judentum eine S{\"a}kularisierung scheinbar unm{\"o}glich macht, so erlaubt unter Bezugnahme der Konzepte von S{\"a}kularismus und Nationalismus im Kontext der historischen Entwicklungen des Judentums eine differenziertere Betrachtung dieser Verkn{\"u}pfung. Durch die Nutzung von unterschiedlichen qualitativen Methoden, wie der hermeneutischen Methode zur Betrachtung der verschiedenen theoretischen Begriffe und der Analyse des Verh{\"a}ltnisses von Nation und Religion im Judentum; der Nutzung von Zeitungsartikel zur Aufarbeitung der aktuellen Debatten in der israelischen Gesellschaft; der Auswertung von Statistiken; sowie der Durchf{\"u}hrung von Experteninterviews erlauben einen vielseitigen Zugang zum Forschungsgegenstand. Letztendlich soll aufgezeigt werden, dass sich Israel zwar zunehmend s{\"a}kularisiert, aber vor verschiedenen Herausforderungen, wie dem gesellschaftlichen Pluralismus, der instabilen Sicherheitslage, sowie einem zunehmenden religi{\"o}sen Nationalismus steht.}, language = {de} } @misc{BiterovaEsmaeeliMoghaddamTabalvandaniAlanenetal.2018, author = {Biterova, Ekaterina and Esmaeeli Moghaddam Tabalvandani, Mariam and Alanen, Heli I. and Saaranen, Mirva and Ruddock, Lloyd W.}, title = {Structures of Angptl3 and Angptl4}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1048}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46794}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-467943}, pages = {14}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death globally and is linked to a number of risk factors including serum low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a). Recently two proteins, angiopoietin-like protein 3 and 4, have emerged from genetic studies as being factors that significantly modulate plasma triglyceride levels and coronary artery disease. The exact function and mechanism of action of both proteins remains to be elucidated, however, mutations in these proteins results in up to 34\% reduction in coronary artery disease and inhibition of function results in reduced plasma triglyceride levels. Here we report the crystal structures of the fibrinogen-like domains of both proteins. These structures offer new insights into the reported loss of function mutations, the mechanisms of action of the proteins and open up the possibility for the rational design of low molecular weight inhibitors for intervention in coronary artery disease.}, language = {en} } @misc{BochMuellerPratietal.2018, author = {Boch, Steffen and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Prati, Daniel and Fischer, Markus}, title = {Low-intensity management promotes bryophyte diversity in grasslands}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1049}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46008}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-460086}, pages = {311 -- 328}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Bryophytes constitute an important and permanent component of the grassland flora and diversity in Europe. As most bryophyte species are sensitive to habitat change, their diversity is likely to decline following land-use intensification. Most previous studies on bryophyte diversity focused on specific habitats of high bryophyte diversity, such as bogs, montane grasslands, or calcareous dry grasslands. In contrast, mesic grasslands are rarely studied, although they are the most common grassland habitat in Europe. They are secondary vegetation, maintained by agricultural use and thus, are influenced by different forms of land use. We studied bryophyte species richness in three regions in Germany, in 707 plots of 16 m2 representing different land-use types and environmental conditions. Our study is one of the few to inspect the relationships between bryophyte richness and land use across contrasting regions and using a high number of replicates.Among the managed grasslands, pastures harboured 2.5 times more bryophyte species than mead-ows and mown pastures. Similarly, bryophyte cover was about twice as high in fallows and pastures than in meadows and mown pastures. Among the pastures, bryophyte species richness was about three times higher in sheep grazed plots than in the ones grazed by cattle or horses. In general, bryophyte species richness and cover was more than 50\% lower in fertilized than in unfertilized plots. Moreover, the amount of suitable substrates was linked to bryophyte diversity. Species richness of bryophytes growing on stones increased with stone cover, and the one of bryophytes growing on bark and deadwood increased with larger values of woody plant species and deadwood cover. Our findings highlight the importance of low-intensity land use and high structural heterogeneity for bryophyte conservation. They also caution against an intensification of traditionally managed pastures. In the light of our results, we recommend to maintain low-intensity sheep grazing on sites with low productivity, such as slopes on shallow soils.}, language = {en} } @misc{Bock2018, author = {Bock, Dennis}, title = {Primo Levi: So war Auschwitz. Zeugnisse 1945-1986 / [rezensiert von] Dennis Bock}, series = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, journal = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417972}, pages = {260 -- 262}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{BorowskiGlowinski2018, author = {Borowski, Andreas and Glowinski, Ingrid}, title = {Vorwort}, series = {Koh{\"a}renz in der universit{\"a}ren Lehrerbildung}, journal = {Koh{\"a}renz in der universit{\"a}ren Lehrerbildung}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-438-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418503}, pages = {9 -- 13}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BorowskiGlowinskiFristeretal.2018, author = {Borowski, Andreas and Glowinski, Ingrid and Frister, Jonas and H{\"o}ttecke, Dietmar and Buth, Katrin and Koenen, Jenna and Masanek, Nicole and Reichwein, Wilko and Scholten, Nina and Sprenger, Sandra and Stender, Peter and W{\"o}hlke, Carina and Komorek, Michael and Freckmann, Janine and Hofmann, Josefine and Niesel, Verena and Richter, Chris and Mehlmann, Nelli and Bikner-Ahsbahs, Angelika and Unverricht, Katja and Schanze, Sascha and Bittorf, Robert Marten and Meier, Monique and Grospietsch, Finja and Mayer, J{\"u}rgen and Gimbel, Katharina and Ziepprecht, Kathrin and Hofmann, Judith and Kramer, Charlotte and M{\"u}ller, Britta-Kornelia and Rohde, Andreas and Z{\"u}hlsdorf, Felix and Winkler, Iris and Laging, Ralf and Peter, Carina and Schween, Michael and H{\"a}rle, Gerhard and Busse, Beatrix and Mahner, Sebastian and K{\"o}stler, Verena and Kufner, Sabrina and M{\"a}gdefrau, Jutta and M{\"u}ller, Christian and Beck, Christina and Kriehuber, Eva and Boch, Florian and Engl, Anna-Teresa and Helzel, Andreas and Pickert, Tina and Reiter, Christian and Blasini, Bettina and Nerdel, Claudia and Lewalter, Doris and Schiffhauer, Silke and Richter-Gebert, J{\"u}rgen and Bannert, Maria and Maahs, Mirjam and Reißner, Maria and Ungar, Patrizia and von Wachter, Jana-Kristin and Hellmann, Katharina and Zaki, Katja and Pohlenz, Philipp}, title = {Koh{\"a}renz in der universit{\"a}ren Lehrerbildung}, editor = {Glowinski, Ingrid and Borowski, Andreas and Gillen, Julia and Schanze, Sascha and von Meien, Joachim}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-438-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414267}, year = {2018}, abstract = {One area that is supported by the project "Qualit{\"a}tsoffensive Lehrerbildung" (funded by BMBF) is the improvement of collaboration and coordination between studies in the discipline, studies in pedagogical content knowledge, and studies in pedagogical knowledge during teacher education at university. Aiming a better coordination among these three parts of teacher education at university, many of the supported projects have designed and realized university-specific approaches. This conference proceedings volume comprises contributions by 15 of these projects. Seven of those were introduced and discussed in workshops on the occasion of two cross-regional project-conferences in Hannover and Potsdam. Overall, the contributions give a theoretically funded as well as a practice-oriented overview of current approaches and concepts to achieve a better connection between study units concerning studies in content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge in teacher education. The volume presents university projects, which take effect on different levels (at the level of curriculum and content, at a collegiate level, at the level of structural conditions of universities). The different approaches are described in a way that they can provide a basis for transfer to other subjects or further universities. The contributions are aimed at teacher educators as well as other actors working in the field of teaching- and quality development at universities. All of them can take transferable ideas and impulses from the described concepts and formats.}, language = {de} } @article{BorowskiLohwasser2018, author = {Borowski, Andreas and Lohwaßer, Roswitha}, title = {Grußworte}, series = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung}, journal = {Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-442-5}, issn = {2626-3556}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420149}, pages = {9 -- 10}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{Bossen2018, author = {Bossen, Anja}, title = {Einleitung}, series = {Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikp{\"a}dagogik}, journal = {Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikp{\"a}dagogik}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417559}, pages = {11 -- 14}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @article{Bossen2018, author = {Bossen, Anja}, title = {Unterrichtskommunikation und Sprachbildung als Themenfelder der fachdidaktischen Ausbildung von Musiklehrenden}, series = {Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikp{\"a}dagogik}, journal = {Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikp{\"a}dagogik}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417604}, pages = {29 -- 49}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @book{BossenLippJanketal.2018, author = {Bossen, Anja and Lipp, Alexander and Jank, Birgit and Wysujack, Jan and Godau, Marc and Haacker, Frances and Wagner, Robert and M{\"o}hle, Jutta and Nikolayeva, Natalija}, title = {Musikarbeit im Kontext von Inklusion und Integration}, series = {Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikp{\"a}dagogik}, journal = {Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikp{\"a}dagogik}, number = {6/2}, editor = {Bossen, Anja and Jank, Birgit}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-436-4}, issn = {2196-5080}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413625}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {218}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die zweiteilige Publikation „Musikarbeit im Kontext von Inklusion und Integration" der Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikp{\"a}dagogik beinhaltet Ertr{\"a}ge aus Veranstaltungen und Qualifikationsarbeiten mehrerer Jahre, die am Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Musikp{\"a}dagogik und Musikdidaktik der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam entstanden sind. Beide B{\"a}nde enthalten neben theoretischen Beitr{\"a}gen auch Beitr{\"a}ge aus Praxis und Ausbildung in verschiedenen Berufsfeldern, die das besondere Potenzial musikalischer Bet{\"a}tigung f{\"u}r Inklusion und Integration anhand von best-practise-Beispielen darstellen und sind somit als umfassendes Studienmaterial konzipiert. Der zweite Band erweitert den im ersten Teil auf die Potenziale von Musik f{\"u}r Inklusion gesetzten Schwerpunkt um die Darstellung integrativer und inklusiver Potenziale einzelner ausgew{\"a}hlter musikalischer Aktivit{\"a}ten und Umgangsweisen mit Musik. Stand im ersten Band die Dokumentation der 2013 am Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Musikp{\"a}dagogik und Musikdidaktik durchgef{\"u}hrten internationalen Fachtagung „Musikarbeit im Kontext von Inklusion und Integration" im Fokus, schließt der zweite Teil mit der Dokumentation eines interdisziplin{\"a}r und mehrperspektivisch angelegten Projektseminars an, das im Wintersemester 2016/2017 unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Birgit Jank durchgef{\"u}hrt wurde. Dieses Seminar setzte neue Impulse f{\"u}r die Entstehung weiterer musikp{\"a}dagogischer Forschungsarbeiten, aus denen konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r die Musikarbeit in integrativen und inklusiven Unterrichtssettings abgeleitet werden k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @misc{BouchouleSchemmerHenkel2018, author = {Bouchoule, Isabelle and Schemmer, Max and Henkel, Carsten}, title = {Cooling phonon modes of a Bose condensate with uniform few body losses}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1029}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46881}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-468811}, pages = {20}, year = {2018}, abstract = {We present a general analysis of the cooling produced by losses on condensates or quasi-condensates. We study how the occupations of the collective phonon modes evolve in time, assuming that the loss process is slow enough so that each mode adiabatically follows the decrease of the mean density. The theory is valid for any loss process whose rate is proportional to the jth power of the density, but otherwise spatially uniform. We cover both homogeneous gases and systems confined in a smooth potential. For a low-dimensional gas, we can take into account the modified equation of state due to the broadening of the cloud width along the tightly confined directions, which occurs for large interactions. We find that at large times, the temperature decreases proportionally to the energy scale mc2, where m is the mass of the particles and c the sound velocity. We compute the asymptotic ratio of these two quantities for different limiting cases: a homogeneous gas in any dimension and a one-dimensional gas in a harmonic trap.}, language = {en} } @article{Bratkin2018, author = {Bratkin, Dimitri}, title = {Manuscripts, Images, and Biographies of Daniel Chwolson}, series = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, journal = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417884}, pages = {171 -- 189}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy (PFA RAN) contains two manuscript biographies of Daniel Chwolson, the Russian-Jewish Orientalist, advocate of Jewish scholarship, and bridge builder to the Breslau Jewish Theological Seminary. They were written by his pupil and colleague, Pavel Kokovtsov, and his grandson Yevgeny Chwolson, respectively. These two texts are studied against the background of published texts and popular opinion of Chwolson in late Imperial Russia. Apart from some details, these manuscripts offer limited additional information as factual sources, most of their contents being mere variation of published texts. However, the biography of Chwolson written by his grandson is a valuable source on the reception of Chwolson and illustrates the potential of further mythological appreciation of his personality and works in the Soviet time as a defense strategy for Chwolson's family. It also contains crucial information on the fate of Chwolson's archive.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Braun2018, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Braun, Harald}, title = {Berlin - New York}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {11}, issn = {2509-3770}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42198}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421984}, pages = {17}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Beginning in January 2019, the new German government will face a particular new responsibility for world affairs: provided the elections in June 2018 lead to the desired result, Germany will be an elected member of the UN Security Council for two years from January 2019 until December 2020. However, Germany has been a respected and highly relevant member of the United Nations not only during its terms on the Security Council but also in "normal" times. The present article attempts to shed light on a few aspects of Germany's role in the UN during Merkel's chancellorship with an emphasis on her third term (2014-2017), such as the cooperative relationship between Germany and the UN Secretary-General in important policy fields, Germany's financial contributions to the UN, the impact of Germany's EU membership on its UN membership and the country's efforts with regard to the reform of the Security Council. The paper further provides context for Germany's abstention in the vote on Security Council Resolution 1973 on Libya in 2011. It concludes by ascertaining that Germany with its approach of active multilateralism has taken its place as one of the leading nations in Europe and is ready to take on responsibility with its partners to achieve a peaceful and stable world order.}, language = {en} } @article{BraunKappHaraetal.2018, author = {Braun, Iris and Kapp, Felix and Hara, Tenshi and Kubica, Tommy}, title = {Erfolgsfaktoren beim Einsatz von Audience Response Systemen in der universit{\"a}ren Lehre}, series = {E-Learning Symposium 2018}, journal = {E-Learning Symposium 2018}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42195}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421959}, pages = {65 -- 67}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Beitrag berichtet auf der Grundlage von Erfahrungen mit dem Audience Response System (ARS) „Auditorium Mobile Classroom Service" von Erfolgsfaktoren f{\"u}r den Einsatz in der universit{\"a}ren Lehre. Dabei werden sowohl die technischen Rahmenbedingungen und Herausforderungen der Anwendungen ber{\"u}cksichtigt, als auch die unterschiedlichen didaktischen Konzepte und Ziele der beteiligten Akteure (Studierende, Lehrende und Institution). Ziel ist es, Einflussfaktoren f{\"u}r den erfolgreichen Einsatz sowohl f{\"u}r die Praxis als auch die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung und Weiterentwicklung der Systeme zu benennen und ein heuristisches Framework f{\"u}r Chancen und Herausforderungen beim Einsatz von ARS anzubieten.}, language = {de} } @misc{Brendel2018, author = {Brendel, Heiko}, title = {'Hasty observations'?}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Philosophische Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Philosophische Reihe}, number = {166}, issn = {1866-8380}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43500}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435000}, pages = {184 -- 208}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This article examines geographical field research in Albania and Montenegro under Austro-Hungarian occupation, which lasted from 1916 to 1918. It focusses on one of the most important German-speaking geographers of the early 20 th century, Eugen Oberhummer (1859-1944), a pupil of Friedrich Ratzel, the founder of German geo-politics. In 1917 and 1918, Oberhummer went on two expeditions to Montenegro and Albania during the First World War. He already had travelled in four continents and vaguely knew the Western Balkans from an expedition in 1907. It will be argued that the actual situation in Albania and Montenegro did not alter, but did rather reinforce Oberhummer's attitudes and opinions on the 'other' he encountered. Thus, the two war expeditions - Oberhummer primarily met high-ranking Austro-Hungarian officials and only few locals - confirmed his expectations basing on his 'Ratzelian' theoretical conceptions. It will further be argued that - in contrast to the much younger and less experienced 'scholars-at-arms' of the expedition of 1916 - war and violence were of secondary relevance for the well-travelled and renowned professor of geography in his late 50s. Neither in Oberhummer's articles nor in his diaries the war and the occupation of Albania and Montenegro made up an important part. In Oberhummer's 'Ratzelian' view, humans could not change or over-come the basic features of geography, as humans were clearly subordinated to the elemental forces of geography. People, over generations, adapted to geography, not the other way round. The on-going First World War was an opportunity for Oberhummer to travel to Albania and Montenegro, but the guerrilla warfare in large parts of Montenegro, the violence against the civilian population, and the fighting at the Albanian front were of secondary relevance and interest for him. Nevertheless, what Oberhummer observed offers great insights into the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Montenegro and Albania from the perspective of a renowned and - given the general circumstances - pleasantly relaxed Ratzelian geographer at the height of his academic career.}, language = {en} } @misc{BridwellCavanaghCollinsetal.2018, author = {Bridwell, David A. and Cavanagh, James F. and Collins, Anne G. E. and Nunez, Michael D. and Srinivasan, Ramesh and Stober, Sebastian and Calhoun, Vince D.}, title = {Moving beyond ERP components}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {656}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-45966}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-459667}, pages = {19}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Relationships between neuroimaging measures and behavior provide important clues about brain function and cognition in healthy and clinical populations. While electroencephalography (EEG) provides a portable, low cost measure of brain dynamics, it has been somewhat underrepresented in the emerging field of model-based inference. We seek to address this gap in this article by highlighting the utility of linking EEG and behavior, with an emphasis on approaches for EEG analysis that move beyond focusing on peaks or "components" derived from averaging EEG responses across trials and subjects (generating the event-related potential, ERP). First, we review methods for deriving features from EEG in order to enhance the signal within single-trials. These methods include filtering based on user-defined features (i.e., frequency decomposition, time-frequency decomposition), filtering based on data-driven properties (i.e., blind source separation, BSS), and generating more abstract representations of data (e.g., using deep learning). We then review cognitive models which extract latent variables from experimental tasks, including the drift diffusion model (DDM) and reinforcement learning (RL) approaches. Next, we discuss ways to access associations among these measures, including statistical models, data-driven joint models and cognitive joint modeling using hierarchical Bayesian models (HBMs). We think that these methodological tools are likely to contribute to theoretical advancements, and will help inform our understandings of brain dynamics that contribute to moment-to-moment cognitive function.}, language = {en} } @article{Brodt2018, author = {Brodt, Eliezer}, title = {Mattityahu Strashun (1817-1885) and His Relationship with the Early Founders of Wissenschaft des Judentums}, series = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, journal = {PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung f{\"u}r J{\"u}dische Studien e. V.}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417788}, pages = {27 -- 45}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @misc{BroekerKieleCasjensetal.2018, author = {Broeker, Nina K. and Kiele, Franziska and Casjens, Sherwood R. and Gilcrease, Eddie B. and Thalhammer, Anja and Koetz, Joachim}, title = {In Vitro Studies of Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated DNA Release of Podovirus HK620}, series = {Viruses}, journal = {Viruses}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417493}, pages = {15}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Gram-negative bacteria protect themselves with an outermost layer containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). O-antigen-specific bacteriophages use tailspike proteins (TSP) to recognize and cleave the O-polysaccharide part of LPS. However, O-antigen composition and structure can be highly variable depending on the environmental conditions. It is important to understand how these changes may influence the early steps of the bacteriophage infection cycle because they can be linked to changes in host range or the occurrence of phage resistance. In this work, we have analyzed how LPS preparations in vitro trigger particle opening and DNA ejection from the E. coli podovirus HK620. Fluorescence-based monitoring of DNA release showed that HK620 phage particles in vitro ejected their genome at velocities comparable to those found for other podoviruses. Moreover, we found that HK620 irreversibly adsorbed to the LPS receptor via its TSP at restrictive low temperatures, without opening the particle but could eject its DNA at permissive temperatures. DNA ejection was solely stimulated by LPS, however, the composition of the O-antigen dictated whether the LPS receptor could start the DNA release from E. coli phage HK620 in vitro. This finding can be significant when optimizing bacteriophage mixtures for therapy, where in natural environments O-antigen structures may rapidly change.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Brune2018, author = {Brune, Sascha}, title = {Modelling continental rift dynamics}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43236}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432364}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {192}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Continental rift systems open up unique possibilities to study the geodynamic system of our planet: geodynamic localization processes are imprinted in the morphology of the rift by governing the time-dependent activity of faults, the topographic evolution of the rift or by controlling whether a rift is symmetric or asymmetric. Since lithospheric necking localizes strain towards the rift centre, deformation structures of previous rift phases are often well preserved and passive margins, the end product of continental rifting, retain key information about the tectonic history from rift inception to continental rupture. Current understanding of continental rift evolution is based on combining observations from active rifts with data collected at rifted margins. Connecting these isolated data sets is often accomplished in a conceptual way and leaves room for subjective interpretation. Geodynamic forward models, however, have the potential to link individual data sets in a quantitative manner, using additional constraints from rock mechanics and rheology, which allows to transcend previous conceptual models of rift evolution. By quantifying geodynamic processes within continental rifts, numerical modelling allows key insight to tectonic processes that operate also in other plate boundary settings, such as mid ocean ridges, collisional mountain chains or subduction zones. In this thesis, I combine numerical, plate-tectonic, analytical, and analogue modelling approaches, whereas numerical thermomechanical modelling constitutes the primary tool. This method advanced rapidly during the last two decades owing to dedicated software development and the availability of massively parallel computer facilities. Nevertheless, only recently the geodynamical modelling community was able to capture 3D lithospheric-scale rift dynamics from onset of extension to final continental rupture. The first chapter of this thesis provides a broad introduction to continental rifting, a summary of the applied rift modelling methods and a short overview of previews studies. The following chapters, which constitute the main part of this thesis feature studies on plate boundary dynamics in two and three dimension followed by global scale analyses (Fig. 1). Chapter II focuses on 2D geodynamic modelling of rifted margin formation. It highlights the formation of wide areas of hyperextended crustal slivers via rift migration as a key process that affected many rifted margins worldwide. This chapter also contains a study of rift velocity evolution, showing that rift strength loss and extension velocity are linked through a dynamic feed-back. This process results in abrupt accelerations of the involved plates during rifting illustrating for the first time that rift dynamics plays a role in changing global-scale plate motions. Since rift velocity affects key processes like faulting, melting and lower crustal flow, this study also implies that the slow-fast velocity evolution should be imprinted in rifted margin structures. Chapter III relies on 3D Cartesian rift models in order to investigate various aspects of rift obliquity. Oblique rifting occurs if the extension direction is not orthogonal to the rift trend. Using 3D lithospheric-scale models from rift initialisation to breakup I could isolate a characteristic evolution of dominant fault orientations. Further work in Chapter III addresses the impact of rift obliquity on the strength of the rift system. We illustrate that oblique rifting is mechanically preferred over orthogonal rifting, because the brittle yielding requires a lower tectonic force. This mechanism elucidates rift competition during South Atlantic rifting, where the more oblique Equatorial Atlantic Rift proceeded to breakup while the simultaneously active but less oblique West African rift system became a failed rift. Finally this Chapter also investigates the impact of a previous rift phase on current tectonic activity in the linkage area of the Kenyan with Ethiopian rift. We show that the along strike changes in rift style are not caused by changes in crustal rheology. Instead the rift linkage pattern in this area can be explained when accounting for the thinned crust and lithosphere of a Mesozoic rift event. Chapter IV investigates rifting from the global perspective. A first study extends the oblique rift topic of the previous chapter to global scale by investigating the frequency of oblique rifting during the last 230 million years. We find that approximately 70\% of all ocean-forming rift segments involved an oblique component of extension where obliquities exceed 20°. This highlights the relevance of 3D approaches in modelling, surveying, and interpretation of many rifted margins. In a final study, we propose a link between continental rift activity, diffuse CO2 degassing and Mesozoic/Cenozoic climate changes. We used recent CO2 flux measurements in continental rifts to estimate worldwide rift-related CO2 release, which we based on the global extent of rifts through time. The first-order correlation to paleo-atmospheric CO2 proxy data suggests that rifts constitute a major element of the global carbon cycle.}, language = {en} } @article{Brunozzi2018, author = {Brunozzi, Philippe}, title = {Das Ideal n{\"a}her an uns heranbringen}, series = {Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten}, journal = {Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten}, number = {18}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416501}, pages = {81 -- 100}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @misc{BruttelStolley2018, author = {Bruttel, Lisa Verena and Stolley, Florian}, title = {Gender differences in the response to decision power and responsibility}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {135}, issn = {1867-5808}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47306}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473068}, pages = {18}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This paper studies the effects of two different frames on decisions in a dictator game. Before making their allocation decision, dictators read a short text. Depending on the treatment, the text either emphasizes their decision power and freedom of choice or it stresses their responsibility for the receiver's payoff. Including a control treatment without such a text, three treatments are conducted with a total of 207 dictators. Our results show a different reaction to these texts depending on the dictator's gender. We find that only men react positively to a text that stresses their responsibility for the receiver, while only women seem to react positively to a text that emphasizes their decision power and freedom of choice.}, language = {en} } @misc{BrzezinkaAltmannBaeurle2018, author = {Brzezinka, Krzysztof and Altmann, Simone and B{\"a}urle, Isabel}, title = {BRUSHY1/TONSOKU/MGOUN3 is required for heat stress memory}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {788}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43621}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436219}, pages = {11}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Plants encounter biotic and abiotic stresses many times during their life cycle and this limits their productivity. Moderate heat stress (HS) primes a plant to survive higher temperatures that are lethal in the naive state. Once temperature stress subsides, the memory of the priming event is actively retained for several days preparing the plant to better cope with recurring HS. Recently, chromatin regulation at different levels has been implicated in HS memory. Here, we report that the chromatin protein BRUSHY1 (BRU1)/TONSOKU/MGOUN3 plays a role in the HS memory in Arabidopsis thaliana. BRU1 is also involved in transcriptional gene silencing and DNA damage repair. This corresponds with the functions of its mammalian orthologue TONSOKU-LIKE/NF Kappa BIL2. During HS memory, BRU1 is required to maintain sustained induction of HS memory-associated genes, whereas it is dispensable for the acquisition of thermotolerance. In summary, we report that BRU1 is required for HS memory in A. thaliana, and propose a model where BRU1 mediates the epigenetic inheritance of chromatin states across DNA replication and cell division.}, language = {en} } @misc{BukowskiSchittkoPetermann2018, author = {Bukowski, Alexandra R. and Schittko, Conrad and Petermann, Jana S.}, title = {The strength of negative plant-soil feedback increases from the intraspecific to the interspecific and the functional group level}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {618}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42383}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423833}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {One of the processes that may play a key role in plant species coexistence and ecosystem functioning is plant-soil feedback, the effect of plants on associated soil communities and the resulting feedback on plant performance. Plant-soil feedback at the interspecific level (comparing growth on own soil with growth on soil from different species) has been studied extensively, while plant-soil feedback at the intraspecific level (comparing growth on own soil with growth on soil from different accessions within a species) has only recently gained attention. Very few studies have investigated the direction and strength of feedback among different taxonomic levels, and initial results have been inconclusive, discussing phylogeny, and morphology as possible determinants. To test our hypotheses that the strength of negative feedback on plant performance increases with increasing taxonomic level and that this relationship is explained by morphological similarities, we conducted a greenhouse experiment using species assigned to three taxonomic levels (intraspecific, interspecific, and functional group level). We measured certain fitness-related aboveground traits and used them along literature-derived traits to determine the influence of morphological similarities on the strength and direction of the feedback. We found that the average strength of negative feedback increased from the intraspecific over the interspecific to the functional group level. However, individual accessions and species differed in the direction and strength of the feedback. None of our results could be explained by morphological dissimilarities or individual traits. Synthesis. Our results indicate that negative plant-soil feedback is stronger if the involved plants belong to more distantly related species. We conclude that the taxonomic level is an important factor in the maintenance of plant coexistence with plant-soil feedback as a potential stabilizing mechanism and should be addressed explicitly in coexistence research, while the traits considered here seem to play a minor role.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Burchardt2018, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Burchardt, Dana}, title = {The Functions of Law and Their Challenges}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {17}, issn = {2509-3770}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42231}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422318}, pages = {29}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This paper illustrates the functional and conceptual variances of law in different contexts. Whereas legal actors on the international level might normatively aim for law to have a similar effect to that of domestic law, the way in which international and supranational law can fulfil these potential functions is different. Accordingly, this paper argues that an awareness with regard to the particularities and challenges that the potential functions of law encounter in the international and supranational context is needed. Moreover, it suggests an analytical lens to conceptually frame and locate current developments, offering a broader perspective on, or even an element of explication for, the apparent crisis that law is currently facing on the international and supranational scale. After describing the potential functions of law on an abstract scale and grouping them into analytical categories, the paper uses these categories as a lens in order to assess in which way international law can fulfil these potential functions, where priorities regarding certain functions might differ and where some aspects of these functions are challenged when law is made and applied in the international and supranational sphere.}, language = {en} } @misc{BurmesterSauermannSpaleketal.2018, author = {Burmester, Juliane and Sauermann, Antje and Spalek, Katharina and Wartenburger, Isabell}, title = {Sensitivity to salience}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {454}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412838}, pages = {19}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Sentence comprehension is optimised by indicating entities as salient through linguistic (i.e., information-structural) or visual means. We compare how salience of a depicted referent due to a linguistic (i.e., topic status) or visual cue (i.e., a virtual person's gaze shift) modulates sentence comprehension in German. We investigated processing of sentences with varying word order and pronoun resolution by means of self-paced reading and an antecedent choice task, respectively. Our results show that linguistic as well as visual salience cues immediately speeded up reading times of sentences mentioning the salient referent first. In contrast, for pronoun resolution, linguistic and visual cues modulated antecedent choice preferences less congruently. In sum, our findings speak in favour of a significant impact of linguistic and visual salience cues on sentence comprehension, substantiating that salient information delivered via language as well as the visual environment is integrated in the current mental representation of the discourse.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Buschmann2018, author = {Buschmann, Stefan}, title = {A software framework for GPU-based geo-temporal visualization techniques}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44340}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-443406}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {viii, 99}, year = {2018}, abstract = {R{\"a}umlich-zeitliche Daten sind Daten, welche sowohl einen Raum- als auch einen Zeitbezug aufweisen. So k{\"o}nnen beispielsweise Zeitreihen von Geodaten, thematische Karten die sich {\"u}ber die Zeit ver{\"a}ndern, oder Bewegungsaufzeichnungen von sich bewegenden Objekten als r{\"a}umlich-zeitliche Daten aufgefasst werden. In der heutigen automatisierten Welt gibt es eine wachsende Anzahl von Datenquellen, die best{\"a}ndig r{\"a}umlich-zeitliche Daten generieren. Hierzu geh{\"o}ren beispielsweise Verkehrs{\"u}berwachungssysteme, die Bewegungsdaten von Menschen oder Fahrzeugen aufzeichnen, Fernerkundungssysteme, welche regelm{\"a}ßig unsere Umgebung scannen und digitale Abbilder wie z.B. Stadt- und Landschaftsmodelle erzeugen, sowie Sensornetzwerke in unterschiedlichsten Anwendungsgebieten, wie z.B. der Logistik, der Verhaltensforschung von Tieren, oder der Klimaforschung. Zur Analyse r{\"a}umlich-zeitlicher Daten werden neben der automatischen Analyse mittels statistischer Methoden und Data-Mining auch explorative Methoden angewendet, welche auf der interaktiven Visualisierung der Daten beruhen. Diese Methode der Analyse basiert darauf, dass Anwender in Form interaktiver Visualisierung die Daten explorieren k{\"o}nnen, wodurch die menschliche Wahrnehmung sowie das Wissen der User genutzt werden, um Muster zu erkennen und dadurch einen Einblick in die Daten zu erlangen. Diese Arbeit beschreibt ein Software-Framework f{\"u}r die Visualisierung r{\"a}umlich-zeitlicher Daten, welches GPU-basierte Techniken beinhaltet, um eine interaktive Visualisierung und Exploration großer r{\"a}umlich-zeitlicher Datens{\"a}tze zu erm{\"o}glichen. Die entwickelten Techniken umfassen Datenhaltung, Prozessierung und Rendering und erm{\"o}glichen es, große Datenmengen in Echtzeit zu prozessieren und zu visualisieren. Die Hauptbeitr{\"a}ge der Arbeit umfassen: - Konzept und Implementierung einer GPU-zentrierten Visualisierungspipeline. Die beschriebenen Techniken basieren auf dem Konzept einer GPU-zentrierten Visualisierungspipeline, in welcher alle Stufen -- Prozessierung,Mapping, Rendering -- auf der GPU ausgef{\"u}hrt werden. Bei diesem Konzept werden die r{\"a}umlich-zeitlichen Daten direkt im GPU-Speicher abgelegt. W{\"a}hrend des Rendering-Prozesses werden dann mittels Shader-Programmen die Daten prozessiert, gefiltert, ein Mapping auf visuelle Attribute vorgenommen, und schließlich die Geometrien f{\"u}r die Visualisierung erzeugt. Datenprozessierung, Filtering und Mapping k{\"o}nnen daher in Echtzeit ausgef{\"u}hrt werden. Dies erm{\"o}glicht es Usern, die Mapping-Parameter sowie den gesamten Visualisierungsprozess interaktiv zu steuern und zu kontrollieren. - Interaktive Visualisierung attributierter 3D-Trajektorien. Es wurde eine Visualisierungsmethode f{\"u}r die interaktive Exploration einer großen Anzahl von 3D Bewegungstrajektorien entwickelt. Die Trajektorien werden dabei innerhalb einer virtuellen geographischen Umgebung in Form von einfachen Geometrien, wie Linien, B{\"a}ndern, Kugeln oder R{\"o}hren dargestellt. Durch interaktives Mapping k{\"o}nnen Attributwerte der Trajektorien oder einzelner Messpunkte auf visuelle Eigenschaften abgebildet werden. Hierzu stehen Form, H{\"o}he, Gr{\"o}ße, Farbe, Textur, sowie Animation zur Verf{\"u}gung. Mithilfe dieses dynamischen Mappings wurden außerdem verschiedene Visualisierungsmethoden implementiert, wie z.B. eine Focus+Context-Visualisierung von Trajektorien mithilfe von interaktiven Dichtekarten, sowie einer Space-Time-Cube-Visualisierung zur Darstellung des zeitlichen Ablaufs einzelner Bewegungen. - Interaktive Visualisierung geographischer Netzwerke. Es wurde eine Visualisierungsmethode zur interaktiven Exploration geo-referenzierter Netzwerke entwickelt, welche die Visualisierung von Netzwerken mit einer großen Anzahl von Knoten und Kanten erm{\"o}glicht. Um die Analyse von Netzwerken verschiedener Gr{\"o}ßen und in unterschiedlichen Kontexten zu erm{\"o}glichen, stehen mehrere virtuelle geographische Umgebungen zur Verf{\"u}gung, wie bspw. ein virtueller 3D-Globus, als auch 2D-Karten mit unterschiedlichen geographischen Projektionen. Zur interaktiven Analyse dieser Netzwerke stehen interaktive Tools wie Filterung, Mapping und Selektion zur Verf{\"u}gung. Des weiteren wurden Visualisierungsmethoden f{\"u}r verschiedene Arten von Netzwerken, wie z.B. 3D-Netzwerke und zeitlich ver{\"a}nderliche Netzwerke, implementiert. Zur Demonstration des Konzeptes wurden interaktive Tools f{\"u}r zwei unterschiedliche Anwendungsf{\"a}lle entwickelt. Das erste beinhaltet die Visualisierung attributierter 3D-Trajektorien, welche die Bewegungen von Flugzeugen um einen Flughafen beschreiben. Es erm{\"o}glicht Nutzern, die Trajektorien von ankommenden und startenden Flugzeugen {\"u}ber den Zeitraum eines Monats interaktiv zu explorieren und zu analysieren. Durch Verwendung der interaktiven Visualisierungsmethoden f{\"u}r 3D-Trajektorien und interaktiven Dichtekarten k{\"o}nnen Einblicke in die Daten gewonnen werden, wie beispielsweise h{\"a}ufig genutzte Flugkorridore, typische sowie untypische Bewegungsmuster, oder ungew{\"o}hnliche Vorkommnisse wie Fehlanfl{\"u}ge. Der zweite Anwendungsfall beinhaltet die Visualisierung von Klimanetzwerken, welche geographischen Netzwerken in der Klimaforschung darstellen. Klimanetzwerke repr{\"a}sentieren die Dynamiken im Klimasystem durch eine Netzwerkstruktur, die die statistische Beziehungen zwischen Orten beschreiben. Das entwickelte Tool erm{\"o}glicht es Analysten, diese großen Netzwerke interaktiv zu explorieren und dadurch die Struktur des Netzwerks zu analysieren und mit den geographischen Daten in Beziehung zu setzen. Interaktive Filterung und Selektion erm{\"o}glichen es, Muster in den Daten zu identifizieren, und so bspw. Cluster in der Netzwerkstruktur oder Str{\"o}mungsmuster zu erkennen.}, language = {en} } @misc{BalintMartonSchatzetal.2018, author = {B{\´a}lint, Mikl{\´o}s and M{\´a}rton, Orsolya and Schatz, Marlene and D{\"u}ring, Rolf-Alexander and Grossart, Hans-Peter}, title = {Proper experimental design requires randomization/balancing of molecular ecology experiments}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {616}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42387}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423878}, pages = {8}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Properly designed (randomized and/or balanced) experiments are standard in ecological research. Molecular methods are increasingly used in ecology, but studies generally do not report the detailed design of sample processing in the laboratory. This may strongly influence the interpretability of results if the laboratory procedures do not account for the confounding effects of unexpected laboratory events. We demonstrate this with a simple experiment where unexpected differences in laboratory processing of samples would have biased results if randomization in DNA extraction and PCR steps do not provide safeguards. We emphasize the need for proper experimental design and reporting of the laboratory phase of molecular ecology research to ensure the reliability and interpretability of results.}, language = {en} } @misc{BenardKlimmWoodlandetal.2018, author = {B{\´e}nard, Antoine and Klimm, Kevin and Woodland, Alan B. and Arculus, Richard J. and Wilke, Max and Botcharnikov, Roman E. and Shimizu, Nobumichi and Nebel, Oliver and Rivard, Camille and Ionov, Dmitri A.}, title = {Oxidising agents in sub-arc mantle melts link slab devolatilisation and arc magmas}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {717}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42618}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426184}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Subduction zone magmas are more oxidised on eruption than those at mid-ocean ridges. This is attributed either to oxidising components, derived from subducted lithosphere (slab) and added to the mantle wedge, or to oxidation processes occurring during magma ascent via differentiation. Here we provide direct evidence for contributions of oxidising slab agents to melts trapped in the sub-arc mantle. Measurements of sulfur (S) valence state in sub-arc mantle peridotites identify sulfate, both as crystalline anhydrite (CaSO4) and dissolved SO42- in spinel-hosted glass (formerly melt) inclusions. Copper-rich sulfide precipitates in the inclusions and increased Fe3+/∑Fe in spinel record a S6+-Fe2+ redox coupling during melt percolation through the sub-arc mantle. Sulfate-rich glass inclusions exhibit high U/Th, Pb/Ce, Sr/Nd and δ34S (+ 7 to + 11 per mille), indicating the involvement of dehydration products of serpentinised slab rocks in their parental melt sources. These observations provide a link between liberated slab components and oxidised arc magmas.}, language = {en} } @article{BoehmHennemann2018, author = {B{\"o}hm, Ver{\´o}nica Julia and Hennemann, Anja}, title = {The Spanish imperfecto as a construal form for the conceptualization of state of affairs in journalistic texts}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416094}, pages = {18}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This study adopts a cognitive approach to the analysis of the use of the Spanish imperfecto as a construal form for the conceptualization of state of affairs in certain journalistic texts. In doing so, the main focus of the study is to investigate cognitive processes like modalization and subjectivization, which are related to the speaker's standpoint and to his subjective, not grammatically motivated, decision to use the imperfective instead of the perfective form. By the help of the corpus programmes GlossaNet and CREA (corpus of the Real Academia Espa{\~n}ola) we analyze the imperfective use of some Spanish verbs, which are semantically perfective in nature so that the normative use would require a perfective form. In other words, we investigate how the speaker/journalist construes a reality or situation to be expressed by means of the imperfecto and show that this use of the imperfect is typical for journalistic discourse.}, language = {en} } @misc{BoernertRinglebWilbert2018, author = {B{\"o}rnert-Ringleb, Moritz and Wilbert, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {The Association of Strategy Use and Concrete-Operational Thinking in Primary School}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {431}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-162010}, pages = {11}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Concrete-operational thinking depicts an important aspect of cognitive development. A promising approach in promoting these skills is the instruction of strategies. The construction of such instructional programs requires insights into the mental operations involved in problem-solving. In the present paper, we address the question to which extent variations of the effect of isolated and combined mental operations (strategies) on correct solution of concrete-operational concepts can be observed. Therefore, a cross-sectional design was applied. The use of mental operations was measured by thinking-aloud reports from 80 first- and second-graders (N = 80) while solving tasks depicting concrete-operational thinking. Concrete-operational thinking was assessed using the subscales conservation of numbers, classification and sequences of the TEKO. The verbal reports were transcribed and coded with regard to the mental operations applied per task. Data analyses focused on tasks level, resulting in the analyses of N = 240 tasks per subscale. Differences regarding the contribution of isolated and combined mental operations (strategies) to correct solution were observed. Thereby, the results indicate the necessity of selection and integration of appropriate mental operations as strategies. The results offer insights in involved mental operations while solving concrete-operational tasks and depict a contribution to the construction of instructional programs.}, language = {en} } @misc{Boesel2018, author = {B{\"o}sel, Bernd}, title = {Affect Disposition(ing)}, series = {Media and Communication}, journal = {Media and Communication}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418309}, pages = {15 -- 21}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The "affective turn" has been primarily concerned not with what affect is, but what it does. This article focuses on yet another shift towards how affect gets organized, i.e., how it is produced, classified, and controlled. It proposes a genealogical as well as a critical approach to the organization of affect and distinguishes between several "affect disposition(ing) regimes"—meaning paradigms of how to interpret and manage affects, for e.g., encoding them as byproducts of demonic possession, judging them in reference to a moralistic framework, or subsuming them under an industrial regime. Bernard Stiegler's concept of psychopower will be engaged at one point and expanded to include social media and affective technologies, especially Affective Computing. Finally, the industrialization and cybernetization of affect will be contrasted with poststructuralist interpretations of affects as events.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Carstensen2018, author = {Carstensen, Janet}, title = {Modellentwicklung f{\"u}r eine wirtschaftsorientierte Ausbildung vor dem Hintergrund des Generationenwandels am Beispiel Potsdam}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417542}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XII, 217, L}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Die deutsche Berufsausbildung hat in den vergangenen Jahren stark an Zuspruch verloren. Dies trifft insbesondere auch auf die duale kaufm{\"a}nnische Berufsausbildung zu. Galt sie vor einigen Jahren noch als ein m{\"o}glicher Ausbildungsweg f{\"u}r leistungsstarke Sch{\"u}ler/-innen, pr{\"a}ferieren diese heute zum großen Teil das Studium. Die wachsende Anzahl an Studienabbrechern belegt jedoch, dass dadurch auch Potenzial verloren geht, weil sich Jugendliche mit dem Studium f{\"u}r einen Ausbildungsweg entscheiden, der f{\"u}r sie nicht geeignet ist. Bisherige Bem{\"u}hungen zur Etablierung alternativer Bildungswege wie zum Beispiel Berufsakademien weisen zwar Erfolge auf, basieren jedoch auf einem Konzept, das sich ausschließlich am Bedarf der Wirtschaft orientiert. Es ist jedoch die {\"U}berzeugung der Autorin, dass neue innovative Bildungswege auch die Bed{\"u}rfnisse und Vorstellungen derjenigen ber{\"u}cksichtigen m{\"u}ssen, f{\"u}r die sie entworfen werden. Denn die Generation der heutigen Jugendlichen zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie ein anderes Wertekonzept als ihre Vorg{\"a}ngergenerationen aufweist. Die Dissertation entwickelt daher ein Modell einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung, welches sich aus unterschiedlichen motivationstheoretischen Elementen ableitet und zugleich die Werte der Generation der heutigen Jugend-lichen ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Es umfasst sowohl die Anreiz-Beitrags-Theorie nach Barnard als auch die Inhalts-Erwartungstheorie nach Vroom. Zudem liegt ein Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit auf der Anpassung der Zwei-Faktoren-Theorie nach Herzberg auf die heutige Zeit. Empirisch basiert die Dissertation auf einem dreistufigen Untersuchungsdesign. Die erste Stufe umfasst eine quantitative Befragung von insgesamt 459 Abiturienten/-innen und 100 Studierenden. In der zweiten Stufe wurden 10 Studieren-de und 12 Abiturienten/-innen qualitativ befragt. Eine Validierung der Ergebnis-se erfolgte in der dritten Stufe mittels Experteninterviews. Das Ziel der empirischen Untersuchung bestand in der {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung von vier Hypothesen als Basis zur Modellableitung: Hypothese H1 - Flexibilit{\"a}t erh{\"o}ht die Attraktivit{\"a}t einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung: Der Faktor Flexibilit{\"a}t wurde als ein relevanter Motivator f{\"u}r die Wahl eines Ausbildungsweges identifiziert. Jugendliche wollen sich heutzutage nicht sofort bzw. nicht zu fr{\"u}h festlegen m{\"u}ssen. Hypothese H2 - Auslandsaufenthalte erh{\"o}hen die Attraktivit{\"a}t einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung: Es wurde best{\"a}tigt, dass Auslandsaufenthalte die Attraktivit{\"a}t einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung steigert, es besteht jedoch eine Reihe von Barrieren, die Jugendliche (obwohl sie den grunds{\"a}tzlichen Vor-teil sehen) davon abhalten, einen Auslandsaufenthalt f{\"u}r sich selbst in Betracht zu ziehen. Hypothese H3 - Das Aufzeigen einer Karriereperspektive erh{\"o}ht die Attraktivit{\"a}t einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung: F{\"u}r die Generation der heutigen Jugendlichen steht bez{\"u}glich der Wahl ihres Ausbildungsweges die Aussicht auf eine T{\"a}tigkeit im Vordergrund, die ein gesichertes Einkommen und somit ein gutes Leben erm{\"o}glicht und zudem aus ihrer Sicht eine gewisse Sinnhaftigkeit hat. F{\"u}hrungspositionen, in denen auch h{\"o}here Verantwortung {\"u}bernommen wird, strebt nur eine Minderheit an. Hypothese H4 - Zus{\"a}tzliche monet{\"a}re Anreize erh{\"o}hen die Attraktivit{\"a}t einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung: Verg{\"u}tungsbestandteile werden grunds{\"a}tzlich nicht abgelehnt (das w{\"a}re auch irrational), haben jedoch auch nicht die Anreizfunktion, die ihr auf Basis der Voruntersuchung im Rahmen dieser Arbeit h{\"a}tte unterstellt werden k{\"o}nnen. F{\"u}r die Entscheidungsfindung bez{\"u}glich eines Ausbildungsweges spielen sie nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. Dennoch tr{\"a}gt die Verg{\"u}tung zur Attraktivit{\"a}t eines Ausbildungsweges bei. Basierend auf den zuvor genannten Ergebnissen wurde das Modell einer wirtschaftsorientieren Ausbildung abgeleitet, das sowohl horizontal als auch vertikal flexibel ist. Horizontale Flexibilit{\"a}t ist dadurch gegeben, dass innerhalb eines Ausbildungsjahres unterschiedliche Unternehmen und Branchen kennengelernt werden (Jahr 1 und Jahr 2). Eine Spezialisierung erfolgt erst in den sp{\"a}teren Ausbildungsjahren. Durch die M{\"o}glichkeit, nach jedem Ausbildungsjahr mit einem Abschluss ins Berufsleben zu wechseln und die Ausbildung gegebenenfalls zu einem sp{\"a}teren Zeitpunkt fortzusetzen, ist auch eine vertikale Flexibilit{\"a}t gegeben. Zudem bietet das Modell Studienabbrechern/-innen die M{\"o}glichkeit, im Ausbildungsjahr 2 bzw. 3 in die Ausbildung einzusteigen. Im Jahr 2 und/oder Jahr 3 sind Auslandsaufenthalte integriert. Diese werden fakultativ an-geboten. Bereits ab dem Jahr 1 besteht die M{\"o}glichkeit, Vorbereitungskurse zu belegen. Der hohen Bedeutung der Karriereperspektive wird im abgeleiteten Modell auf mehreren Ebenen Rechnung getragen. So werden nach jedem Ausbildungsjahr anerkannte Abschl{\"u}sse erreicht. W{\"a}hrend diese in den Jahren 1 und 2 mit IHK-Abschl{\"u}ssen gleichzusetzen sind, beginnen ab Jahr 3 die akademischen Graduierungen (Jahr 3 Bachelor, Jahr 4 Master). Die Verg{\"u}tung wird Bestandteil einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung, wobei ihre H{\"o}he mit Dauer der Ausbildung zunimmt. Da mit der Einf{\"u}hrung des Modells einer wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung die {\"U}berwindung von institutionellen Paradigmen und Schranken verbunden sind, erfolgte im Rahmen des Ausblicks der Arbeit eine weitere Expertenbefragung bez{\"u}glich seiner Umsetzbarkeit. Es setzt eine Beweglichkeit von institutioneller Seite voraus (hierbei insbesondere auch von den Kammern), die von der Mehr-zahl der Experten derzeit skeptisch gesehen wird. Die konzeptionelle Ausgestaltung findet grunds{\"a}tzlichen Zuspruch, wobei in einigen Details, zum Beispiel in der Dauer der Ausbildung, noch Kl{\"a}rungsbedarf besteht. Grunds{\"a}tzlich schließen sich die Experten/-innen der Meinung der Autorin an, dass ein Sinneswandel in der deutschen Ausbildungslandschaft gew{\"u}nscht und gefordert wird. Dies betrifft insbesondere auch den kaufm{\"a}nnischen Bereich. Diese Arbeit liefert mit dem Modell der wirtschaftsorientierten Ausbildung einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Diskussion {\"u}ber neue Ausbildungswege.}, language = {de} } @misc{CasadoLandaisPicardetal.2018, author = {Casado, Mathieu and Landais, Amaelle and Picard, Ghislain and M{\"u}nch, Thomas and Laepple, Thomas and Stenni, Barbara and Dreossi, Giuliano and Ekaykin, Alexey and Arnaud, Laurent and Genthon, Christophe and Touzeau, Alexandra and Masson-Delmotte, Valerie and Jouzel, Jean}, title = {Archival processes of the water stable isotope signal in East Antarctic ice cores}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {716}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42705}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427054}, pages = {22}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The oldest ice core records are obtained from the East Antarctic Plateau. Water isotopes are key proxies to reconstructing past climatic conditions over the ice sheet and at the evaporation source. The accuracy of climate reconstructions depends on knowledge of all processes affecting water vapour, precipitation and snow isotopic compositions. Fractionation processes are well understood and can be integrated in trajectory-based Rayleigh distillation and isotope-enabled climate models. However, a quantitative understanding of processes potentially altering snow isotopic composition after deposition is still missing. In low-accumulation sites, such as those found in East Antarctica, these poorly constrained processes are likely to play a significant role and limit the interpretability of an ice core's isotopic composition. By combining observations of isotopic composition in vapour, precipitation, surface snow and buried snow from Dome C, a deep ice core site on the East Antarctic Plateau, we found indications of a seasonal impact of metamorphism on the surface snow isotopic signal when compared to the initial precipitation. Particularly in summer, exchanges of water molecules between vapour and snow are driven by the diurnal sublimation-condensation cycles. Overall, we observe in between precipitation events modification of the surface snow isotopic composition. Using high-resolution water isotopic composition profiles from snow pits at five Antarctic sites with different accumulation rates, we identified common patterns which cannot be attributed to the seasonal variability of precipitation. These differences in the precipitation, surface snow and buried snow isotopic composition provide evidence of post-deposition processes affecting ice core records in low-accumulation areas.}, language = {en} } @article{Casas2018, author = {Casas, Vicente Dur{\´a}n}, title = {Immanuel Kant, Alexander von Humboldt and the Tequendama Fall}, series = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, volume = {XIX}, journal = {HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies}, number = {36}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1617-5239}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419404}, pages = {35 -- 46}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Immanuel Kant mentions in his Physical Geography the waterfall of the Bogot{\´a} River in South America, known today as the Salto de Tequendama, which is located near Bogot{\´a}, the capital city of Colombia. Kant claims that this was the highest waterfall in the world, which is not true. Alexander von Humboldt could not know anything about it, but he visited the Salto in 1801, just before the publication of Kant's Physical Geography, and went to personally measure the height of the Salto. In this paper we make a comparison of both personalities who, unknowingly, were united by their interest in the Salto de Tequendama.}, language = {en} } @misc{CastroWardelmannGruneetal.2018, author = {Castro, Jos{\´e} Pedro and Wardelmann, Kristina and Grune, Tilman and Kleinridders, Andr{\´e}}, title = {Mitochondrial chaperones in the brain}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1031}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46065}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-460650}, pages = {15}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The brain orchestrates organ function and regulates whole body metabolism by the concerted action of neurons and glia cells in the central nervous system. To do so, the brain has tremendously high energy consumption and relies mainly on glucose utilization and mitochondrial function in order to exert its function. As a consequence of high rate metabolism, mitochondria in the brain accumulate errors over time, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, reactive oxygen species, and misfolded and aggregated proteins. Thus, mitochondria need to employ specific mechanisms to avoid or ameliorate the rise of damaged proteins that contribute to aberrant mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. To maintain mitochondria homeostasis (mitostasis), cells evolved molecular chaperones that shuttle, refold, or in coordination with proteolytic systems, help to maintain a low steady-state level of misfolded/aggregated proteins. Their importance is exemplified by the occurrence of various brain diseases which exhibit reduced action of chaperones. Chaperone loss (expression and/or function) has been observed during aging, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and in neurode-generative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD) or even Huntington's (HD) diseases, where the accumulation of damage proteins is evidenced. Within this perspective, we propose that proper brain function is maintained by the joint action of mitochondrial chaperones to ensure and maintain mitostasis contributing to brain health, and that upon failure, alter brain function which can cause metabolic diseases.}, language = {en} } @misc{CestnikRosenblum2018, author = {Cestnik, Rok and Rosenblum, Michael}, title = {Inferring the phase response curve from observation of a continuously perturbed oscillator}, series = {Scientific Reports}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418425}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Phase response curves are important for analysis and modeling of oscillatory dynamics in various applications, particularly in neuroscience. Standard experimental technique for determining them requires isolation of the system and application of a specifically designed input. However, isolation is not always feasible and we are compelled to observe the system in its natural environment under free-running conditions. To that end we propose an approach relying only on passive observations of the system and its input. We illustrate it with simulation results of an oscillator driven by a stochastic force.}, language = {en} } @misc{ChaabeneNegraBouguezzietal.2018, author = {Chaabene, Helmi and Negra, Yassine and Bouguezzi, Raja and Capranica, Laura and Franchini, Emerson and Prieske, Olaf and Hbacha, Hamdi and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Tests for the Assessment of Sport-Specific Performance in Olympic Combat Sports}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {436}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411959}, pages = {18}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The regular monitoring of physical fitness and sport-specific performance is important in elite sports to increase the likelihood of success in competition. This study aimed to systematically review and to critically appraise the methodological quality, validation data, and feasibility of the sport-specific performance assessment in Olympic combat sports like amateur boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, and wrestling. A systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Google-Scholar, and Science-Direct up to October 2017. Studies in combat sports were included that reported validation data (e.g., reliability, validity, sensitivity) of sport-specific tests. Overall, 39 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The majority of studies (74\%) contained sample sizes <30 subjects. Nearly, 1/3 of the reviewed studies lacked a sufficient description (e.g., anthropometrics, age, expertise level) of the included participants. Seventy-two percent of studies did not sufficiently report inclusion/exclusion criteria of their participants. In 62\% of the included studies, the description and/or inclusion of a familiarization session (s) was either incomplete or not existent. Sixty-percent of studies did not report any details about the stability of testing conditions. Approximately half of the studies examined reliability measures of the included sport-specific tests (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.43-1.00). Content validity was addressed in all included studies, criterion validity (only the concurrent aspect of it) in approximately half of the studies with correlation coefficients ranging from r = -0.41 to 0.90. Construct validity was reported in 31\% of the included studies and predictive validity in only one. Test sensitivity was addressed in 13\% of the included studies. The majority of studies (64\%) ignored and/or provided incomplete information on test feasibility and methodological limitations of the sport-specific test. In 28\% of the included studies, insufficient information or a complete lack of information was provided in the respective field of the test application. Several methodological gaps exist in studies that used sport-specific performance tests in Olympic combat sports. Additional research should adopt more rigorous validation procedures in the application and description of sport-specific performance tests in Olympic combat sports.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{ChaleawlertUmpon2018, author = {Chaleawlert-Umpon, Saowaluk}, title = {Sustainable electrode materials based on lignin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411793}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {114}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The utilization of lignin as renewable electrode material for electrochemical energy storage is a sustainable approach for future batteries and supercapacitors. The composite electrode was fabricated from Kraft lignin and conductive carbon and the charge storage contribution was determined in terms of electrical double layer (EDL) and redox reactions. The important factors at play for achieving high faradaic charge storage capacity contribute to high surface area, accessibility of redox sites in lignin and their interaction with conductive additives. A thinner layer of lignin covering the high surface area of carbon facilitates the electron transfer process with a shorter pathway from the active sites of nonconductive lignin to the current collector leading to the improvement of faradaic charge storage capacity. Composite electrodes from lignin and carbon would be even more sustainable if the fluorinated binder can be omitted. A new route to fabricate a binder-free composite electrode from Kraft lignin and high surface area carbon has been proposed by crosslinking lignin with glyoxal. A high molecular weight of lignin is obtained to enhance both electroactivity and binder capability in composite electrodes. The order of the processing step of crosslinking lignin on the composite electrode plays a crucial role in achieving a stable electrode and high charge storage capacity. The crosslinked lignin based electrodes are promising since they allow for more stable, sustainable, halogen-free and environmentally benign devices for energy storage applications. Furthermore, improvement of the amount of redox active groups (quinone groups) in lignin is useful to enhance the capacity in lithium battery applications. Direct oxidative demethylation by cerium ammonium nitrate has been carried out under mild conditions. This proves that an increase of quinone groups is able to enhance the performance of lithium battery. Thus, lignin is a promising material and could be a good candidate for application in sustainable energy storage devices.}, language = {en} } @misc{ChenGuentherGrosseetal.2018, author = {Chen, Jie and G{\"u}nther, Frank and Grosse, Guido and Liu, Lin and Lin, Hui}, title = {Sentinel-1 InSAR Measurements of Elevation Changes over Yedoma Uplands on Sobo-Sise Island, Lena Delta}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {690}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42680}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426807}, pages = {16}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Yedoma-extremely ice-rich permafrost with massive ice wedges formed during the Late Pleistocene-is vulnerable to thawing and degradation under climate warming. Thawing of ice-rich Yedoma results in lowering of surface elevations. Quantitative knowledge about surface elevation changes helps us to understand the freeze-thaw processes of the active layer and the potential degradation of Yedoma deposits. In this study, we use C-band Sentinel-1 InSAR measurements to map the elevation changes over ice-rich Yedoma uplands on Sobo-Sise Island, Lena Delta with frequent revisit observations (as short as six or 12 days). We observe significant seasonal thaw subsidence during summer months and heterogeneous inter-annual elevation changes from 2016-17. We also observe interesting patterns of stronger seasonal thaw subsidence on elevated flat Yedoma uplands by comparing to the surrounding Yedoma slopes. Inter-annual analyses from 2016-17 suggest that our observed positive surface elevation changes are likely caused by the delayed progression of the thaw season in 2017, associated with mean annual air temperature fluctuations.}, language = {en} } @misc{ChenBornhorstAschner2018, author = {Chen, Pan and Bornhorst, Julia and Aschner, Michael A.}, title = {Manganese metabolism in humans}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {711}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42743}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427432}, pages = {25}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for intracellular activities; it functions as a cofactor for a variety of enzymes, including arginase, glutamine synthetase (GS), pyruvate carboxylase and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). Through these metalloproteins, Mn plays critically important roles in development, digestion, reproduction, antioxidant defense, energy production, immune response and regulation of neuronal activities. Mn deficiency is rare. In contrast Mn poisoning may be encountered upon overexposure to this metal. Excessive Mn tends to accumulate in the liver, pancreas, bone, kidney and brain, with the latter being the major target of Mn intoxication. Hepatic cirrhosis, polycythemia, hypermanganesemia, dystonia and Parkinsonism-like symptoms have been reported in patients with Mn poisoning. In recent years, Mn has come to the forefront of environmental concerns due to its neurotoxicity. Molecular mechanisms of Mn toxicity include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy dysregulation, apoptosis, and disruption of other metal homeostasis. The mechanisms of Mn homeostasis are not fully understood. Here, we will address recent progress in Mn absorption, distribution and elimination across different tissues, as well as the intracellular regulation of Mn homeostasis in cells. We will conclude with recommendations for future research areas on Mn metabolism.}, language = {en} } @misc{ChenBornhorstNeelyetal.2018, author = {Chen, Pan and Bornhorst, Julia and Neely, M. Diana and Avila, Daiana Silva}, title = {Mechanisms and disease pathogenesis underlying metal-induced oxidative stress}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {1045}, issn = {1866-8372}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46786}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-467869}, pages = {5}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Cheng2018, author = {Cheng, Lung-Pan}, title = {Human actuation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-418371}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xiv, 85}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Ever since the conception of the virtual reality headset in 1968, many researchers have argued that the next step in virtual reality is to allow users to not only see and hear, but also feel virtual worlds. One approach is to use mechanical equipment to provide haptic feedback, e.g., robotic arms, exoskeletons and motion platforms. However, the size and the weight of such mechanical equipment tends to be proportional to its target's size and weight, i.e., providing human-scale haptic feedback requires human-scale equipment, often restricting them to arcades and lab environments. The key idea behind this dissertation is to bypass mechanical equipment by instead leveraging human muscle power. We thus create software systems that orchestrate humans in doing such mechanical labor—this is what we call human actuation. A potential benefit of such systems is that humans are more generic, flexible, and versatile than machines. This brings a wide range of haptic feedback to modern virtual reality systems. We start with a proof-of-concept system—Haptic Turk, focusing on delivering motion experiences just like a motion platform. All Haptic Turk setups consist of a user who is supported by one or more human actuators. The user enjoys an interactive motion simulation such as a hang glider experience, but the motion is generated by those human actuators who manually lift, tilt, and push the user's limbs or torso. To get the timing and force right, timed motion instructions in a format familiar from rhythm games are generated by the system. Next, we extend the concept of human actuation from 3-DoF to 6-DoF virtual reality where users have the freedom to walk around. TurkDeck tackles this problem by orchestrating a group of human actuators to reconfigure a set of passive props on the fly while the user is progressing in the virtual environment. TurkDeck schedules human actuators by their distances from the user, and instructs them to reconfigure the props to the right place on the right time using laser projection and voice output. Our studies in Haptic Turk and TurkDeck showed that human actuators enjoyed the experience but not as much as users. To eliminate the need of dedicated human actuators, Mutual Turk makes everyone a user by exchanging mechanical actuation between two or more users. Mutual Turk's main functionality is that it orchestrates the users so as to actuate props at just the right moment and with just the right force to produce the correct feedback in each other's experience. Finally, we further eliminate the need of another user, making human actuation applicable to single-user experiences. iTurk makes the user constantly reconfigure and animate otherwise passive props. This allows iTurk to provide virtual worlds with constantly varying or even animated haptic effects, even though the only animate entity present in the system is the user. Our demo experience features one example each of iTurk's two main types of props, i.e., reconfigurable props (the foldable board from TurkDeck) and animated props (the pendulum). We conclude this dissertation by summarizing the findings of our explorations and pointing out future directions. We discuss the development of human actuation compare to traditional machine actuation, the possibility of combining human and machine actuators and interaction models that involve more human actuators.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Cheng2018, author = {Cheng, Xiao}, title = {Controlled solvent vapor annealing of block copolymer films}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42417}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424179}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {X, 166}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This project was focused on exploring the phase behavior of poly(styrene)187000-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine)203000 (SV390) with high molecular weight (390 kg/mol) in thin films, in which the self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) was realized via thermo-solvent annealing. The advanced processing technique of solvent vapor treatment provides controlled and stable conditions. In Chapter 3, the factors to influence the annealing process and the swelling behavior of homopolymers are presented and discussed. The swelling behavior of BCP in films is controlled by the temperature of the vapor and of the substrate, on one hand, and variation of the saturation of the solvent vapor atmosphere (different solvents), on the other hand. Additional factors like the geometry and material of the chamber, the type of flow inside the chamber etc. also influence the reproducibility and stability of the processing. The slightly selective solvent vapor of chloroform gives 10\% more swelling of P2VP than PS in films with thickness of ~40 nm. The tunable morphology in ultrathin films of high molecular weight BCP (SV390) was investigated in Chapter 4. First, the swelling behavior can be precisely tuned by temperature and/or vapor flow separately, which provided information for exploring the multiple-parameter-influenced segmental chain mobility of polymer films. The equilibrium state of SV390 in thin films influenced by temperature was realized at various temperatures with the same degree of swelling. Various methods including characterization with SFM, metallization and RIE were used to identify the morphology of films as porous half-layer with PS dots and P2VP matrix. The kinetic investigations demonstrate that on substrates with either weak or strong interaction the original morphology of the BCP with high molecular weight is changed very fast within 5 min, and the further annealing serves for annihilation of defects. The morphological development of symmetric BCP in films with thickness increasing from half-layer to one-layer influenced by confinement factors of gradient film thicknesses and various surface properties of substrates was studied in Chapter 5. SV390 and SV99 films show bulk lamella-forming morphology after slightly selective solvent vapor (chloroform) treatment. SV99 films show cylinder-forming morphology under strongly selective solvent vapor (toluene) treatment since the asymmetric structure (caused by toluene uptake in PS blocks only) of SV99 block copolymer during annealing. Both kinds of morphology (lamella and cylinder) are influenced by the film thickness. The annealed morphology of SV390 and SV99 influenced by the combination of confined film and substrate property is similar to the morphology on flat silicon wafers. In this chapter the gradients in the film thickness and surface properties of the substrates with regard to their influence on the morphological development in thin BCP films are presented. Directed self-assembly (graphoepitaxy) of this SV390 was also investigated to compare with systematically reported SV99. In Chapter 6 an approach to induced oriented microphase separation in thick block copolymer films via treatment with the oriented vapor flow using mini-extruder is envisaged to be an alternative to existing methodologies, e.g. via non-solvent-induced phase separation. The preliminary tests performed in this study confirm potential perspective of this method, which alters the structure through the bulk of the film (as revealed by SAXS measurements), but more detailed studies have to be conducted in order to optimize the preparation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Choi2018, author = {Choi, Youngeun}, title = {DNA origami structures as versatile platforms for nanophotonics}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421483}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {125}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Nanophotonics is the field of science and engineering aimed at studying the light-matter interactions on the nanoscale. One of the key aspects in studying such optics at the nanoscale is the ability to assemble the material components in a spatially controlled manner. In this work, DNA origami nanostructures were used to self-assemble dye molecules and DNA coated plasmonic nanoparticles. Optical properties of dye nanoarrays, where the dyes were arranged at distances where they can interact by F{\"o}rster resonance energy transfer (FRET), were systematically studied according to the size and arrangement of the dyes using fluorescein (FAM) as the donor and cyanine 3 (Cy 3) as the acceptor. The optimized design, based on steady-state and time-resolved fluorometry, was utilized in developing a ratiometric pH sensor with pH-inert coumarin 343 (C343) as the donor and pH-sensitive FAM as the acceptor. This design was further applied in developing a ratiometric toxin sensor, where the donor C343 is unresponsive and FAM is responsive to thioacetamide (TAA) which is a well-known hepatotoxin. The results indicate that the sensitivity of the ratiometric sensor can be improved by simply arranging the dyes into a well-defined array. The ability to assemble multiple fluorophores without dye-dye aggregation also provides a strategy to amplify the signal measured from a fluorescent reporter, and was utilized here to develop a reporter for sensing oligonucleotides. By incorporating target capturing sequences and multiple fluorophores (ATTO 647N dye molecules), a reporter for microbead-based assay for non-amplified target oligonucleotide sensing was developed. Analysis of the assay using VideoScan, a fluorescence microscope-based technology capable of conducting multiplex analysis, showed the DNA origami nanostructure based reporter to have a lower limit of detection than a single stranded DNA reporter. Lastly, plasmonic nanostructures were assembled on DNA origami nanostructures as substrates to study interesting optical behaviors of molecules in the near-field. Specifically, DNA coated gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and gold nanorods, were placed on the DNA origami nanostructure aiming to study surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of molecules placed in the hotspot of coupled plasmonic structures.}, language = {en} } @misc{ClahsenPaulmannBuddetal.2018, author = {Clahsen, Harald and Paulmann, Silke and Budd, Mary-Jane and Barry, Christopher}, title = {Morphological encoding beyond slots and fillers}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {550}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42648}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426481}, pages = {16}, year = {2018}, abstract = {One important organizational property of morphology is competition. Different means of expression are in conflict with each other for encoding the same grammatical function. In the current study, we examined the nature of this control mechanism by testing the formation of comparative adjectives in English during language production. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during cued silent production, the first study of this kind for comparative adjective formation. We specifically examined the ERP correlates of producing synthetic relative to analytic comparatives, e.g. angriervs. more angry. A frontal, bilaterally distributed, enhanced negative-going waveform for analytic comparatives (vis-a-vis synthetic ones) emerged approximately 300ms after the (silent) production cue. We argue that this ERP effect reflects a control mechanism that constrains grammatically-based computational processes (viz. more comparative formation). We also address the possibility that this particular ERP effect may belong to a family of previously observed negativities reflecting cognitive control monitoring, rather than morphological encoding processes per se.}, language = {en} }