@article{FischerWachsBilz2021,
  author    = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig},
  title     = {Teachers' empathy and likelihood of intervention in hypothetical relational and retrospectively reported bullying situations},
  series = {European journal of developmental psychology},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {European journal of developmental psychology},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {London [u.a.]},
  issn      = {1740-5629},
  doi       = {10.1080/17405629.2020.1869538},
  pages     = {896 -- 911},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Prior research suggests that teachers with higher levels of empathy are more willing to intervene in bullying among students. However, these findings are based on hypothetical bullying situations and teachers' self-reports. In this study with 2,071 German students and their 556 teachers, we analysed reactions to hypothetical relational bullying situations as well as retrospectively reported bullying situations both from the teachers' as well as the students' perspectives. Results showed that teachers with higher levels of empathy reported stronger intentions to intervene in hypothetical relational bullying situations but were not more likely to intervene in retrospectively reported bullying situations. From the students' perspective, teachers' empathy was neither connected to the teachers' intention to intervene nor to the likelihood of intervention in the retrospectively reported situations. These different results could be taken as an opportunity to investigate whether existing findings could be influenced by methodological aspects such as teachers' self-reports. Implications for future research are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WilbertUrtonKrulletal.2020,
  author    = {Wilbert, J{\"u}rgen and Urton, Karolina and Krull, Johanna and Kulawiak, Pawel R. and Schwalbe, Anja and Hennemann, Thomas},
  title     = {Teachers' accuracy in estimating social inclusion of students with and without special educational needs},
  series = {Frontiers in education},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Frontiers in education},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2504-284X},
  doi       = {10.3389/feduc.2020.598330},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {It is unclear to what extent teachers can accurately assess the social inclusion of their students with and without SEN. The study aims to shed light on these desiderata. Students (N = 1.644) with SEN (learning, behavior, and language problems) and without SEN and their teachers (N = 79) participated in the study. Sociometric peer nominations, students' self-perceived social inclusion, and teachers' assessments regarding students' social inclusion and self-perceived social inclusion were administered. The results suggest that teachers are moderately accurate in identifying social acceptance and social rejection, while accuracy is low when assessing students' self-perceived social inclusion. That said, rating accuracy varied strongly between teachers, ranging from no agreement to a perfect concordance. Teachers seem to be more accurate in estimating the social acceptance of students with learning problems. The results emphasize the importance of differentiating between various social inclusion criteria (i.e., students' self-report vs. peer nominations) and accounting for inter-individual differences in teachers' rating accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WachsBilzNiproschkeetal.2018,
  author    = {Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Niproschke, Saskia and Schubarth, Wilfried},
  title     = {Bullying Intervention in Schools},
  series = {Journal of early adolescence},
  volume    = {39},
  journal   = {Journal of early adolescence},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {0272-4316},
  doi       = {10.1177/0272431618780423},
  pages     = {642 -- 668},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {To date, little has been known about teachers' success in bullying interventions. Thus, the present study analyzes how successfully teachers intervene in real bullying situations, based on an analysis of 1,996 reports by German students aged between 12 and 15 (49.2\% female) from 24 schools. Predictors of success included intervention strategy (authoritarian-punitive, supportive-individual, supportive-cooperative intervention), bullying form (physical, verbal, relational, cyber), and the student's bullying role (bully, victim, bystander) in the particular situation. Multilevel analyses showed that supportive-cooperative intervention strategies were the most successful in dealing with bullying in both the short and long term. In the long term, students evaluated teachers as being more successful in dealing with cyberbullying compared with physical bullying. Compared with students who observed bullying, students who perpetrated it were less likely to report that teachers' interventions were successful in the short term. Implications for bullying intervention, preservice teacher-training, and future research are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}