@article{ZhangCaoXuetal.2022,
  author    = {Zhang, Naimeng and Cao, Xianyong and Xu, Qinghai and Huang, Xiaozhong and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Shen, Zhongwei and Peng, Wei and Liu, Sisi and Wu, Duo and Wang, Jian and Xia, Huan and Zhang, Dongju and Chen, Fahu},
  title     = {Vegetation change and human-environment interactions in the Qinghai Lake Basin, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, since the last deglaciation},
  series = {Catena},
  volume    = {210},
  journal   = {Catena},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0341-8162},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.catena.2021.105892},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The nature of the interaction between prehistoric humans and their environment, especially the vegetation, has long been of interest. The Qinghai Lake Basin in North China is well-suited to exploring the interactions between prehistoric humans and vegetation in the Tibetan Plateau, because of the comparatively dense distribution of archaeological sites and the ecologically fragile environment. Previous pollen studies of Qinghai Lake have enabled a detailed reconstruction of the regional vegetation, but they have provided relatively little information on vegetation change within the Qinghai Lake watershed. To address the issue we conducted a pollen-based vegetation reconstruction for an archaeological site (YWY), located on the southern shore of Qinghai Lake. We used high temporal-resolution pollen records from the YWY site and from Qinghai Lake, spanning the interval since the last deglaciation (15.3 kyr BP to the present) to quantitatively reconstruct changes in the local and regional vegetation using Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm models. The results show that, since the late glacial, spruce forest grew at high altitudes in the surrounding mountains, while the lakeshore environment was occupied mainly by shrub-steppe. From the lateglacial to the middle Holocene, coniferous woodland began to expand downslope and reached the YWY site at 7.1 kyr BP. The living environment of the local small groups of Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic humans (during 15.3-13.1 kyr BP and 9-6.4 kyr BP) changed from shrub-steppe to coniferous forest-steppe. The pollen record shows no evidence of pronounced changes in the vegetation community corresponding to human activity. However, based on a comparison of the local and regional vegetation reconstructions, low values of biodiversity and a significant increase in two indicators of vegetation degradation, Chenopodiaceae and Rosaceae, suggest that prehistoric hunters-gatherers likely disturbed the local vegetation during 9.0-6.4 kyr BP. Our findings are a preliminary attempt to study human-environment interactions at Paleolithic-Epipaleolithic sites in the region, and they contribute to ongoing environmental archaeology research in the Tibetan Plateau.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{ThiekenOttoHauptetal.2022,
  author    = {Thieken, Annegret and Otto, Antje and Haupt, Wolfgang and Eckersley, Peter and Kern, Kristine and Ullrich, Susann and Hautz, Timo and Rocker, Philipp and Schulz, Rabea and Sausen, Hannah and Dillenardt, Lisa and Rose, Claudia and Schmidt, Katja and Huber, Bettina and Sterzel, Till and Marken, Marieke and Miechielsen, Milena},
  title     = {Urbane Resilienz gegen{\"u}ber extremen Wetterereignissen},
  editor    = {Otto, Antje and Thieken, Annegret},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55542},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-555427},
  pages     = {IX, 99},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Aufgrund der hohen Konzentration von Bev{\"o}lkerung, {\"o}konomischen Werten und Infrastrukturen k{\"o}nnen St{\"a}dte stark von extremen Wetterereignissen getroffen werden. Insbesondere Hitzewellen und {\"U}berflutungen in Folge von Starkregen verursachen in St{\"a}dten immense gesundheitliche und finanzielle Sch{\"a}den. Um Sch{\"a}den zu verringern oder gar zu vermeiden, ist es notwendig, entsprechende Vorsorge- und Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen zu implementieren. Im Projekt „Urbane Resilienz gegen{\"u}ber extremen Wetterereignissen - Typologien und Transfer von Anpassungsstrategien in kleinen Großst{\"a}dten und Mittelst{\"a}dten" (ExTrass) lag der Fokus auf den beiden extremen Wetterereignissen Hitze und Starkregen sowie auf kleineren Großst{\"a}dten (100.000 bis 500.000 Einwohner:innen) und kreisfreien Mittelst{\"a}dten mit mehr als 50.000 Einwohner:innen. Im Projekt wurde die St{\"a}rkung der Klimaresilienz als Verbesserung der F{\"a}higkeiten von St{\"a}dten, aus vergangenen Ereignissen zu lernen sowie sich an antizipierte Gefahren anzupassen, verstanden. Klimaanpassung wurde demnach als ein Prozess aufgefasst, der durch die Umsetzung von potenziell schadensreduzierenden Maßnahmen beschreib- und operationalisierbar wird. Das Projekt hatte zwei Ziele: Erstens sollte die Klimaresilienz in den drei Fallstudienst{\"a}dten Potsdam, Remscheid und W{\"u}rzburg messbar gest{\"a}rkt werden. Zweitens sollten Transferpotenziale zwischen Groß- und Mittelst{\"a}dten in Deutschland identifiziert und besser nutzbar gemacht werden, damit die Wirkung von Pilotvorhaben {\"u}ber die direkt involvierten St{\"a}dte hinausgehen kann. Im Projekt standen folgende vier Leitfragen im Fokus: • Wie verbreitet sind Klimaanpassungsaktivit{\"a}ten in Großst{\"a}dten und gr{\"o}ßeren kreisfreien Mittelst{\"a}dten in Deutschland? • Welche hemmenden und beg{\"u}nstigenden Faktoren beeinflussen die Klimaanpassung? • Welche Maßnahmen der Klimaanpassung werden tats{\"a}chlich umgesetzt, und wie kann die Umsetzung verbessert werden? Was behindert? • Inwiefern lassen sich Beispiele guter Praxis auf andere St{\"a}dte {\"u}bertragen, adaptieren oder weiterentwickeln? Die Hauptergebnisse zu diesen Fragestellungen sind im vorliegenden Bericht zusammengefasst.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Trautmann2022,
  author    = {Trautmann, Tina},
  title     = {Understanding global water storage variations using model-data integration},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56595},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-565954},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {VIII, 141},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Climate change is one of the greatest challenges to humanity in this century, and most noticeable consequences are expected to be impacts on the water cycle - in particular the distribution and availability of water, which is fundamental for all life on Earth. In this context, it is essential to better understand where and when water is available and what processes influence variations in water storages. While estimates of the overall terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations are available from the GRACE satellites, these represent the vertically integrated signal over all water stored in ice, snow, soil moisture, groundwater and surface water bodies. Therefore, complementary observational data and hydrological models are still required to determine the partitioning of the measured signal among different water storages and to understand the underlying processes. However, the application of large-scale observational data is limited by their specific uncertainties and the incapacity to measure certain water fluxes and storages. Hydrological models, on the other hand, vary widely in their structure and process-representation, and rarely incorporate additional observational data to minimize uncertainties that arise from their simplified representation of the complex hydrologic cycle. In this context, this thesis aims to contribute to improving the understanding of global water storage variability by combining simple hydrological models with a variety of complementary Earth observation-based data. To this end, a model-data integration approach is developed, in which the parameters of a parsimonious hydrological model are calibrated against several observational constraints, inducing GRACE TWS, simultaneously, while taking into account each data's specific strengths and uncertainties. This approach is used to investigate 3 specific aspects that are relevant for modelling and understanding the composition of large-scale TWS variations. The first study focusses on Northern latitudes, where snow and cold-region processes define the hydrological cycle. While the study confirms previous findings that seasonal dynamics of TWS are dominated by the cyclic accumulation and melt of snow, it reveals that inter-annual TWS variations on the contrary, are determined by variations in liquid water storages. Additionally, it is found to be important to consider the impact of compensatory effects of spatially heterogeneous hydrological variables when aggregating the contribution of different storage components over large areas. Hence, the determinants of TWS variations are scale-dependent and underlying driving mechanism cannot be simply transferred between spatial and temporal scales. These findings are supported by the second study for the global land areas beyond the Northern latitudes as well. This second study further identifies the considerable impact of how vegetation is represented in hydrological models on the partitioning of TWS variations. Using spatio-temporal varying fields of Earth observation-based data to parameterize vegetation activity not only significantly improves model performance, but also reduces parameter equifinality and process uncertainties. Moreover, the representation of vegetation drastically changes the contribution of different water storages to overall TWS variability, emphasizing the key role of vegetation for water allocation, especially between sub-surface and delayed water storages. However, the study also identifies parameter equifinality regarding the decay of sub-surface and delayed water storages by either evapotranspiration or runoff, and thus emphasizes the need for further constraints hereof. The third study focuses on the role of river water storage, in particular whether it is necessary to include computationally expensive river routing for model calibration and validation against the integrated GRACE TWS. The results suggest that river routing is not required for model calibration in such a global model-data integration approach, due to the larger influence other observational constraints, and the determinability of certain model parameters and associated processes are identified as issues of greater relevance. In contrast to model calibration, considering river water storage derived from routing schemes can already significantly improve modelled TWS compared to GRACE observations, and thus should be considered for model evaluation against GRACE data. Beyond these specific findings that contribute to improved understanding and modelling of large-scale TWS variations, this thesis demonstrates the potential of combining simple modeling approaches with diverse Earth observational data to improve model simulations, overcome inconsistencies of different observational data sets, and identify areas that require further research. These findings encourage future efforts to take advantage of the increasing number of diverse global observational data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VehLuetzowKharlamovaetal.2022,
  author    = {Veh, Georg and L{\"u}tzow, Natalie and Kharlamova, Varvara and Petrakov, Dmitry and Hugonnet, Romain and Korup, Oliver},
  title     = {Trends, breaks, and biases in the frequency of reported glacier lake outburst floods},
  series = {Earth's future},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Earth's future},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {2328-4277},
  doi       = {10.1029/2021EF002426},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Thousands of glacier lakes have been forming behind natural dams in high mountains following glacier retreat since the early 20th century. Some of these lakes abruptly released pulses of water and sediment with disastrous downstream consequences. Yet it remains unclear whether the reported rise of these glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been fueled by a warming atmosphere and enhanced meltwater production, or simply a growing research effort. Here we estimate trends and biases in GLOF reporting based on the largest global catalog of 1,997 dated glacier-related floods in six major mountain ranges from 1901 to 2017. We find that the positive trend in the number of reported GLOFs has decayed distinctly after a break in the 1970s, coinciding with independently detected trend changes in annual air temperatures and in the annual number of field-based glacier surveys (a proxy of scientific reporting). We observe that GLOF reports and glacier surveys decelerated, while temperature rise accelerated in the past five decades. Enhanced warming alone can thus hardly explain the annual number of reported GLOFs, suggesting that temperature-driven glacier lake formation, growth, and failure are weakly coupled, or that outbursts have been overlooked. Indeed, our analysis emphasizes a distinct geographic and temporal bias in GLOF reporting, and we project that between two to four out of five GLOFs on average might have gone unnoticed in the early to mid-20th century. We recommend that such biases should be considered, or better corrected for, when attributing the frequency of reported GLOFs to atmospheric warming.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VehLuetzowKharlamovaetal.2022,
  author    = {Veh, Georg and L{\"u}tzow, Natalie and Kharlamova, Varvara and Petrakov, Dmitry and Hugonnet, Romain and Korup, Oliver},
  title     = {Trends, Breaks, and Biases in the Frequency of Reported Glacier Lake Outburst Floods},
  series = {Earth's Future},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Earth's Future},
  edition   = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken, New Jersey, United States},
  issn      = {2328-4277},
  doi       = {10.1029/2021EF002426},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Thousands of glacier lakes have been forming behind natural dams in high mountains following glacier retreat since the early 20th century. Some of these lakes abruptly released pulses of water and sediment with disastrous downstream consequences. Yet it remains unclear whether the reported rise of these glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been fueled by a warming atmosphere and enhanced meltwater production, or simply a growing research effort. Here we estimate trends and biases in GLOF reporting based on the largest global catalog of 1,997 dated glacier-related floods in six major mountain ranges from 1901 to 2017. We find that the positive trend in the number of reported GLOFs has decayed distinctly after a break in the 1970s, coinciding with independently detected trend changes in annual air temperatures and in the annual number of field-based glacier surveys (a proxy of scientific reporting). We observe that GLOF reports and glacier surveys decelerated, while temperature rise accelerated in the past five decades. Enhanced warming alone can thus hardly explain the annual number of reported GLOFs, suggesting that temperature-driven glacier lake formation, growth, and failure are weakly coupled, or that outbursts have been overlooked. Indeed, our analysis emphasizes a distinct geographic and temporal bias in GLOF reporting, and we project that between two to four out of five GLOFs on average might have gone unnoticed in the early to mid-20th century. We recommend that such biases should be considered, or better corrected for, when attributing the frequency of reported GLOFs to atmospheric warming.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{VehLuetzowKharlamovaetal.2022,
  author    = {Veh, Georg and L{\"u}tzow, Natalie and Kharlamova, Varvara and Petrakov, Dmitry and Hugonnet, Romain and Korup, Oliver},
  title     = {Trends, Breaks, and Biases in the Frequency of Reported Glacier Lake Outburst Floods},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56100},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-561005},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Thousands of glacier lakes have been forming behind natural dams in high mountains following glacier retreat since the early 20th century. Some of these lakes abruptly released pulses of water and sediment with disastrous downstream consequences. Yet it remains unclear whether the reported rise of these glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) has been fueled by a warming atmosphere and enhanced meltwater production, or simply a growing research effort. Here we estimate trends and biases in GLOF reporting based on the largest global catalog of 1,997 dated glacier-related floods in six major mountain ranges from 1901 to 2017. We find that the positive trend in the number of reported GLOFs has decayed distinctly after a break in the 1970s, coinciding with independently detected trend changes in annual air temperatures and in the annual number of field-based glacier surveys (a proxy of scientific reporting). We observe that GLOF reports and glacier surveys decelerated, while temperature rise accelerated in the past five decades. Enhanced warming alone can thus hardly explain the annual number of reported GLOFs, suggesting that temperature-driven glacier lake formation, growth, and failure are weakly coupled, or that outbursts have been overlooked. Indeed, our analysis emphasizes a distinct geographic and temporal bias in GLOF reporting, and we project that between two to four out of five GLOFs on average might have gone unnoticed in the early to mid-20th century. We recommend that such biases should be considered, or better corrected for, when attributing the frequency of reported GLOFs to atmospheric warming.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DeusdaraLealSamprognaMohorCuartasetal.2022,
  author    = {Deusdar{\´a}-Leal, Karinne and Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme and Cuartas, Luz Adriana and Seluchi, Marcelo E. and Marengo, Jose A. and Zhang, Rong and Broedel, Elisangela and Amore, Diogo de Jesus and Alval{\´a}, Regina C. S. and Cunha, Ana Paula M. A. and Gon{\c{c}}alves, Jos{\´e} A. C.},
  title     = {Trends and climate elasticity of streamflow in south-eastern Brazil basins},
  series = {Water},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Water},
  number    = {14},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2073-4441},
  doi       = {10.3390/w14142245},
  pages     = {25},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Trends in streamflow, rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) time series, from 1970 to 2017, were assessed for five important hydrological basins in Southeastern Brazil. The concept of elasticity was also used to assess the streamflow sensitivity to changes in climate variables, for annual data and 5-, 10- and 20-year moving averages. Significant negative trends in streamflow and rainfall and significant increasing trend in PET were detected. For annual analysis, elasticity revealed that 1\% decrease in rainfall resulted in 1.21-2.19\% decrease in streamflow, while 1\% increase in PET induced different reductions percentages in streamflow, ranging from 2.45\% to 9.67\%. When both PET and rainfall were computed to calculate the elasticity, results were positive for some basins. Elasticity analysis considering 20-year moving averages revealed that impacts on the streamflow were cumulative: 1\% decrease in rainfall resulted in 1.83-4.75\% decrease in streamflow, while 1\% increase in PET induced 3.47-28.3\% decrease in streamflow. This different temporal response may be associated with the hydrological memory of the basins. Streamflow appears to be more sensitive in less rainy basins. This study provides useful information to support strategic government decisions, especially when the security of water resources and drought mitigation are considered in face of climate change.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{IturriFunkSommeretal.2022,
  author    = {Iturri, Laura Antonela and Funk, Roger and Sommer, Michael and Buschiazzo, Daniel},
  title     = {Transport preferences of P forms in wind-blown sediments of two susceptible soils},
  series = {Aeolian research : an international journal on wind erosion research / International Society of Aeolian Research},
  volume    = {55},
  journal   = {Aeolian research : an international journal on wind erosion research / International Society of Aeolian Research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
  issn      = {1875-9637},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.aeolia.2022.100776},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Wind erosion of agricultural soils affects their stock of essential elements for plants, like phosphorus (P). It is known that the composition of the eroded sediments varies with height, according to the size and density of the transported substances. Aim of this study was to analyze the concentration and enrichment ratios of P forms in sediments transported by the wind. A wind-tunnel study was performed on a sandy-and a sandy loam soil in order to measure P forms concentrations in the saltating sediments. P concentrations were also measured in the particulate matter (PM) of each soil, gained with the Easy Dust Generator. In both soils, inorganic-(Pi) and organic P (Po) were preferentially transported in PM, with enrichment ratios of 1.8 and 5.5, respectively. Nevertheless, a Pi/Po of 0.9 indicated that the accumulation of the minor Po in PM was more pronounced than Pi. This agrees with P-rich light and easily erodible organic compounds, almost exclusively accumulated in PM, and in relatively heavy and less erodible minerals, like apatites, in lower height sediments. Labile P (Pl) was preferentially transported in saltating sediments of both soils. This was attributed to the selective Bray \& Kurtz I's extraction of the abundant inorganic P forms of these sediments. Total P (Pt) copied the transport trends of Pi, the major form. According to the transporting trends, Pi and Po would be re-sedimented at longer distances from the source than Pl. Outcomes become useful for modeling the influence of wind erosion on P cycling.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeleemAyzelCostaTomazdeSouzaetal.2022,
  author    = {Seleem, Omar and Ayzel, Georgy and Costa Tomaz de Souza, Arthur and Bronstert, Axel and Heistermann, Maik},
  title     = {Towards urban flood susceptibility mapping using data-driven models in Berlin, Germany},
  series = {Geomatics, natural hazards and risk},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Geomatics, natural hazards and risk},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1947-5705},
  doi       = {10.1080/19475705.2022.2097131},
  pages     = {1640 -- 1662},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Identifying urban pluvial flood-prone areas is necessary but the application of two-dimensional hydrodynamic models is limited to small areas. Data-driven models have been showing their ability to map flood susceptibility but their application in urban pluvial flooding is still rare. A flood inventory (4333 flooded locations) and 11 factors which potentially indicate an increased hazard for pluvial flooding were used to implement convolutional neural network (CNN), artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) to: (1) Map flood susceptibility in Berlin at 30, 10, 5, and 2 m spatial resolutions. (2) Evaluate the trained models' transferability in space. (3) Estimate the most useful factors for flood susceptibility mapping. The models' performance was validated using the Kappa, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The results indicated that all models perform very well (minimum AUC = 0.87 for the testing dataset). The RF models outperformed all other models at all spatial resolutions and the RF model at 2 m spatial resolution was superior for the present flood inventory and predictor variables. The majority of the models had a moderate performance for predictions outside the training area based on Kappa evaluation (minimum AUC = 0.8). Aspect and altitude were the most influencing factors on the image-based and point-based models respectively. Data-driven models can be a reliable tool for urban pluvial flood susceptibility mapping wherever a reliable flood inventory is available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SeleemAyzelCostaTomazdeSouzaetal.2022,
  author    = {Seleem, Omar and Ayzel, Georgy and Costa Tomaz de Souza, Arthur and Bronstert, Axel and Heistermann, Maik},
  title     = {Towards urban flood susceptibility mapping using data-driven models in Berlin, Germany},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1297},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57680},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-576806},
  pages     = {1640 -- 1662},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Identifying urban pluvial flood-prone areas is necessary but the application of two-dimensional hydrodynamic models is limited to small areas. Data-driven models have been showing their ability to map flood susceptibility but their application in urban pluvial flooding is still rare. A flood inventory (4333 flooded locations) and 11 factors which potentially indicate an increased hazard for pluvial flooding were used to implement convolutional neural network (CNN), artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) to: (1) Map flood susceptibility in Berlin at 30, 10, 5, and 2 m spatial resolutions. (2) Evaluate the trained models' transferability in space. (3) Estimate the most useful factors for flood susceptibility mapping. The models' performance was validated using the Kappa, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The results indicated that all models perform very well (minimum AUC = 0.87 for the testing dataset). The RF models outperformed all other models at all spatial resolutions and the RF model at 2 m spatial resolution was superior for the present flood inventory and predictor variables. The majority of the models had a moderate performance for predictions outside the training area based on Kappa evaluation (minimum AUC = 0.8). Aspect and altitude were the most influencing factors on the image-based and point-based models respectively. Data-driven models can be a reliable tool for urban pluvial flood susceptibility mapping wherever a reliable flood inventory is available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FournierSteinerBrochetetal.2022,
  author    = {Fournier, Bertrand and Steiner, Magdalena and Brochet, Xavier and Degrune, Florine and Mammeri, Jibril and Carvalho, Diogo Leite and Siliceo, Sara Leal and Bacher, Sven and Pe{\~n}a-Reyes, Carlos Andr{\´e}s and Heger, Thierry Jean},
  title     = {Toward the use of protists as bioindicators of multiple stresses in agricultural soils},
  series = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management},
  volume    = {139},
  journal   = {Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1470-160X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108955},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Management of agricultural soil quality requires fast and cost-efficient methods to identify multiple stressors that can affect soil organisms and associated ecological processes. Here, we propose to use soil protists which have a great yet poorly explored potential for bioindication. They are ubiquitous, highly diverse, and respond to various stresses to agricultural soils caused by frequent management or environmental changes. We test an approach that combines metabarcoding data and machine learning algorithms to identify potential stressors of soil protist community composition and diversity. We measured 17 key variables that reflect various potential stresses on soil protists across 132 plots in 28 Swiss vineyards over 2 years. We identified the taxa showing strong responses to the selected soil variables (potential bioindicator taxa) and tested for their predictive power. Changes in protist taxa occurrence and, to a lesser extent, diversity metrics exhibited great predictive power for the considered soil variables. Soil copper concentration, moisture, pH, and basal respiration were the best predicted soil variables, suggesting that protists are particularly responsive to stresses caused by these variables. The most responsive taxa were found within the clades Rhizaria and Alveolata. Our results also reveal that a majority of the potential bioindicators identified in this study can be used across years, in different regions and across different grape varieties. Altogether, soil protist metabarcoding data combined with machine learning can help identifying specific abiotic stresses on microbial communities caused by agricultural management. Such an approach provides complementary information to existing soil monitoring tools that can help manage the impact of agricultural practices on soil biodiversity and quality.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BryantDaviesSoletal.2022,
  author    = {Bryant, Seth and Davies, Evan and Sol, David and Davis, Sandy},
  title     = {The progression of flood risk in southern Alberta since the 2013 flood},
  series = {Journal of flood risk management},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Journal of flood risk management},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1753-318X},
  doi       = {10.1111/jfr3.12811},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {After a century of semi-restricted floodplain development, Southern Alberta, Canada, was struck by the devastating 2013 Flood. Aging infrastructure and limited property-level floodproofing likely contributed to the \$4-6 billion (CAD) losses. Following this catastrophe, Alberta has seen a revival in flood management, largely focused on structural protections. However, concurrent with the recent structural work was a 100,000+ increase in Calgary's population in the 5 years following the flood, leading to further densification of high-hazard areas. This study implements the novel Stochastic Object-based Flood damage Dynamic Assessment (SOFDA) model framework to quantify the progression of the direct-damage flood risk in a mature urban neighborhood after the 2013 Flood. Five years of remote-sensing data, property assessment records, and inundation simulations following the flood are used to construct the model. Results show that in these 5 years, vulnerability trends (like densification) have increased flood risk by 4\%; however, recent structural mitigation projects have reduced overall flood risk by 47\% for this case study. These results demonstrate that the flood management revival in Southern Alberta has largely been successful at reducing flood risk; however, the gains are under threat from continued development and densification absent additional floodproofing regulations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HudsonThieken2022,
  author    = {Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {The presence of moral hazard regarding flood insurance and German private businesses},
  series = {Natural hazards : journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards},
  volume    = {112},
  journal   = {Natural hazards : journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0921-030X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11069-022-05227-9},
  pages     = {1295 -- 1319},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {There is a movement towards the concepts of integrated flood risk management and governance. In these concepts, each stakeholder prone to flooding is tasked with actively limiting flood impacts. Currently, relatively more research has focused upon the adaptation of private households and not on private businesses operating in flood-prone areas. This paper offers an extension of this literature on business-level flood adaptation by exploring the potential presence of moral hazard. The analyses are based on survey data collected in the aftermath of six floods across Germany between 2002 and 2013 to provide a first indication of the presence of moral hazard in private businesses. Moral hazard is where increased insurance coverage results in policyholders preparing less, increasing the risk they face, a counterproductive outcome. We present an initial study of moral hazard occurring through three channels: the performance of emergency measures during a flood, changes in precautionary behavior employed before a given flood occurred, and changes in the intention to employ additional precautionary measures after a flood. We find, much like for private households, no strong indication that moral hazard is present regarding past adaptation. However, there is a potential avenue after 2005 for insurance coverage to lower businesses' intentions to employ more adaptation measures after a flood. This has significant policy relevance such as opportunities for strengthening the link between insurance and risk reduction measures and boosting insurance coverage against flooding in general.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TrautmannKoiralaCarvalhaisetal.2022,
  author    = {Trautmann, Tina and Koirala, Sujan and Carvalhais, Nuno and G{\"u}ntner, Andreas and Jung, Martin},
  title     = {The importance of vegetation in understanding terrestrial water storage variations},
  series = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1027-5606},
  doi       = {10.5194/hess-26-1089-2022},
  pages     = {1089 -- 1109},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {So far, various studies have aimed at decomposing the integrated terrestrial water storage variations observed by satellite gravimetry (GRACE, GRACE-FO) with the help of large-scale hydrological models. While the results of the storage decomposition depend on model structure, little attention has been given to the impact of the way that vegetation is represented in these models. Although vegetation structure and activity represent the crucial link between water, carbon, and energy cycles, their representation in large-scale hydrological models remains a major source of uncertainty. At the same time, the increasing availability and quality of Earth-observation-based vegetation data provide valuable information with good prospects for improving model simulations and gaining better insights into the role of vegetation within the global water cycle. In this study, we use observation-based vegetation information such as vegetation indices and rooting depths for spatializing the parameters of a simple global hydrological model to define infiltration, root water uptake, and transpiration processes. The parameters are further constrained by considering observations of terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWS), soil moisture, evapotranspiration (ET) and gridded runoff ( Q) estimates in a multi-criteria calibration approach. We assess the implications of including varying vegetation characteristics on the simulation results, with a particular focus on the partitioning between water storage components. To isolate the effect of vegetation, we compare a model experiment in which vegetation parameters vary in space and time to a baseline experiment in which all parameters are calibrated as static, globally uniform values. Both experiments show good overall performance, but explicitly including varying vegetation data leads to even better performance and more physically plausible parameter values. The largest improvements regarding TWS and ET are seen in supply-limited (semi-arid) regions and in the tropics, whereas Q simulations improve mainly in northern latitudes. While the total fluxes and storages are similar, accounting for vegetation substantially changes the contributions of different soil water storage components to the TWS variations. This suggests an important role of the representation of vegetation in hydrological models for interpreting TWS variations. Our simulations further indicate a major effect of deeper moisture storages and groundwater-soil moisture-vegetation interactions as a key to understanding TWS variations. We highlight the need for further observations to identify the adequate model structure rather than only model parameters for a reasonable representation and interpretation of vegetation-water interactions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DallmeyerKleinenClaussenetal.2022,
  author    = {Dallmeyer, Anne and Kleinen, Thomas and Claussen, Martin and Weitzel, Nils and Cao, Xianyong and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {The deglacial forest conundrum},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK},
  address   = {[London]},
  issn      = {2041-1723},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41467-022-33646-6},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {How fast the Northern Hemisphere (NH) forest biome tracks strongly warming climates is largely unknown. Regional studies reveal lags between decades and millennia. Here we report a conundrum: Deglacial forest expansion in the NH extra-tropics occurs approximately 4000 years earlier in a transient MPI-ESM1.2 simulation than shown by pollen-based biome reconstructions. Shortcomings in the model and the reconstructions could both contribute to this mismatch, leaving the underlying causes unresolved. The simulated vegetation responds within decades to simulated climate changes, which agree with pollen-independent reconstructions. Thus, we can exclude climate biases as main driver for differences. Instead, the mismatch points at a multi-millennial disequilibrium of the NH forest biome to the climate signal. Therefore, the evaluation of time-slice simulations in strongly changing climates with pollen records should be critically reassessed. Our results imply that NH forests may be responding much slower to ongoing climate changes than Earth System Models predict. <br /> Deglacial forest expansion in the Northern Hemisphere poses a conundrum: Model results agree with the climate signal but are several millennia ahead of reconstructed forest dynamics. The underlying causes remain unsolved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReineckeTrautmannWageneretal.2022,
  author    = {Reinecke, Robert and Trautmann, Tim and Wagener, Thorsten and Sch{\"u}ler, Katja},
  title     = {The critical need to foster computational reproducibility},
  series = {Environmental research letters},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Environmental research letters},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {1748-9326},
  doi       = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac5cf8},
  pages     = {5},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuehnBeckerHarpkeetal.2022,
  author    = {K{\"u}hn, Elisabeth and Becker, Marc and Harpke, Alexander and K{\"u}hn, Ingolf and Kuhlicke, Christian and Schmitt, Thomas and Settele, Josef and Musche, Martin},
  title     = {The benefits of counting butterflies: recommendations for a successful citizen science project},
  series = {Ecology and Society},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Ecology and Society},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Resilience Alliance},
  address   = {Wolfville},
  issn      = {1708-3087},
  doi       = {10.5751/ES-12861-270238},
  pages     = {39},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Citizen science (CS) projects, being popular across many fields of science, have recently also become a popular tool to collect biodiversity data. Although the benefits of such projects for science and policy making are well understood, relatively little is known about the benefits participants get from these projects as well as their personal backgrounds and motivations. Furthermore, very little is known about their expectations. We here examine these aspects, with the citizen science project "German Butterfly Monitoring" as an example. A questionnaire was sent to all participants of the project and the responses to the questionnaire indicated the following: center dot Most transect walkers do not have a professional background in this field, though they do have a high educational level, and are close to retirement, with a high number of females; center dot An important motivation to join the project is to preserve the natural environment and to contribute to scientific knowledge; center dot Participants benefit by enhancing their knowledge about butterflies and especially their ability to identify different species (taxonomic knowledge); center dot Participants do not have specific expectations regarding the project beyond proper management and coordination, but have an intrinsic sense of working for a greater good. The willingness to join a project is higher if the project contributes to the solution of a problem discussed in the media (here, insect decline). Based on our findings from the analysis of the questionnaire we can derive a set of recommendations for establishing a successful CS project. These include the importance of good communication, e.g., by explaining what the (scientific) purpose of the project is and what problems are to be solved with the help of the data collected in the project. The motivation to join a CS project is mostly intrinsic and CS is a good tool to engage people during difficult times such as the COVID-19 pandemic, giving participants the feeling of doing something useful.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MtilatilaBronstertVormoor2022,
  author    = {Mtilatila, Lucy Mphatso Ng'ombe and Bronstert, Axel and Vormoor, Klaus Josef},
  title     = {Temporal evaluation and projections of meteorological droughts in the Greater Lake Malawi Basin, Southeast Africa},
  series = {Frontiers in water},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Frontiers in water},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2624-9375},
  doi       = {10.3389/frwa.2022.1041452},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The study examined the potential future changes of drought characteristics in the Greater Lake Malawi Basin in Southeast Africa. This region strongly depends on water resources to generate electricity and food. Future projections (considering both moderate and high emission scenarios) of temperature and precipitation from an ensemble of 16 bias-corrected climate model combinations were blended with a scenario-neutral response surface approach to analyses changes in: (i) the meteorological conditions, (ii) the meteorological water balance, and (iii) selected drought characteristics such as drought intensity, drought months, and drought events, which were derived from the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index. Changes were analyzed for a near-term (2021-2050) and far-term period (2071-2100) with reference to 1976-2005. The effect of bias-correction (i.e., empirical quantile mapping) on the ability of the climate model ensemble to reproduce observed drought characteristics as compared to raw climate projections was also investigated. Results suggest that the bias-correction improves the climate models in terms of reproducing temperature and precipitation statistics but not drought characteristics. Still, despite the differences in the internal structures and uncertainties that exist among the climate models, they all agree on an increase of meteorological droughts in the future in terms of higher drought intensity and longer events. Drought intensity is projected to increase between +25 and +50\% during 2021-2050 and between +131 and +388\% during 2071-2100. This translates into +3 to +5, and +7 to +8 more drought months per year during both periods, respectively. With longer lasting drought events, the number of drought events decreases. Projected droughts based on the high emission scenario are 1.7 times more severe than droughts based on the moderate scenario. That means that droughts in this region will likely become more severe in the coming decades. Despite the inherent high uncertainties of climate projections, the results provide a basis in planning and (water-)managing activities for climate change adaptation measures in Malawi. This is of particular relevance for water management issues referring hydro power generation and food production, both for rain-fed and irrigated agriculture.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MtilatilaBronstertVormoor2022,
  author    = {Mtilatila, Lucy Mphatso Ng'ombe and Bronstert, Axel and Vormoor, Klaus Josef},
  title     = {Temporal evaluation and projections of meteorological droughts in the Greater Lake Malawi Basin, Southeast Africa},
  series = {Frontiers in Water},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Water},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media S.A.},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2624-9375},
  doi       = {10.3389/frwa.2022.1041452},
  pages     = {1 -- 16},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The study examined the potential future changes of drought characteristics in the Greater Lake Malawi Basin in Southeast Africa. This region strongly depends on water resources to generate electricity and food. Future projections (considering both moderate and high emission scenarios) of temperature and precipitation from an ensemble of 16 bias-corrected climate model combinations were blended with a scenario-neutral response surface approach to analyses changes in: (i) the meteorological conditions, (ii) the meteorological water balance, and (iii) selected drought characteristics such as drought intensity, drought months, and drought events, which were derived from the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index. Changes were analyzed for a near-term (2021-2050) and far-term period (2071-2100) with reference to 1976-2005. The effect of bias-correction (i.e., empirical quantile mapping) on the ability of the climate model ensemble to reproduce observed drought characteristics as compared to raw climate projections was also investigated. Results suggest that the bias-correction improves the climate models in terms of reproducing temperature and precipitation statistics but not drought characteristics. Still, despite the differences in the internal structures and uncertainties that exist among the climate models, they all agree on an increase of meteorological droughts in the future in terms of higher drought intensity and longer events. Drought intensity is projected to increase between +25 and +50\% during 2021-2050 and between +131 and +388\% during 2071-2100. This translates into +3 to +5, and +7 to +8 more drought months per year during both periods, respectively. With longer lasting drought events, the number of drought events decreases. Projected droughts based on the high emission scenario are 1.7 times more severe than droughts based on the moderate scenario. That means that droughts in this region will likely become more severe in the coming decades. Despite the inherent high uncertainties of climate projections, the results provide a basis in planning and (water-)managing activities for climate change adaptation measures in Malawi. This is of particular relevance for water management issues referring hydro power generation and food production, both for rain-fed and irrigated agriculture.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MtilatilaBronstertVormoor2022,
  author    = {Mtilatila, Lucy Mphatso Ng'ombe and Bronstert, Axel and Vormoor, Klaus Josef},
  title     = {Temporal evaluation and projections of meteorological droughts in the Greater Lake Malawi Basin, Southeast Africa},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1287},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57128},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571284},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The study examined the potential future changes of drought characteristics in the Greater Lake Malawi Basin in Southeast Africa. This region strongly depends on water resources to generate electricity and food. Future projections (considering both moderate and high emission scenarios) of temperature and precipitation from an ensemble of 16 bias-corrected climate model combinations were blended with a scenario-neutral response surface approach to analyses changes in: (i) the meteorological conditions, (ii) the meteorological water balance, and (iii) selected drought characteristics such as drought intensity, drought months, and drought events, which were derived from the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index. Changes were analyzed for a near-term (2021-2050) and far-term period (2071-2100) with reference to 1976-2005. The effect of bias-correction (i.e., empirical quantile mapping) on the ability of the climate model ensemble to reproduce observed drought characteristics as compared to raw climate projections was also investigated. Results suggest that the bias-correction improves the climate models in terms of reproducing temperature and precipitation statistics but not drought characteristics. Still, despite the differences in the internal structures and uncertainties that exist among the climate models, they all agree on an increase of meteorological droughts in the future in terms of higher drought intensity and longer events. Drought intensity is projected to increase between +25 and +50\% during 2021-2050 and between +131 and +388\% during 2071-2100. This translates into +3 to +5, and +7 to +8 more drought months per year during both periods, respectively. With longer lasting drought events, the number of drought events decreases. Projected droughts based on the high emission scenario are 1.7 times more severe than droughts based on the moderate scenario. That means that droughts in this region will likely become more severe in the coming decades. Despite the inherent high uncertainties of climate projections, the results provide a basis in planning and (water-)managing activities for climate change adaptation measures in Malawi. This is of particular relevance for water management issues referring hydro power generation and food production, both for rain-fed and irrigated agriculture.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtFranckeRottleretal.2022,
  author    = {Schmidt, Lena Katharina and Francke, Till and Rottler, Erwin and Blume, Theresa and Sch{\"o}ber, Johannes and Bronstert, Axel},
  title     = {Suspended sediment and discharge dynamics in a glaciated alpine environment},
  series = {Earth surface dynamics},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Earth surface dynamics},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Copernicus Publications},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {2196-632X},
  doi       = {10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022},
  pages     = {653 -- 669},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Glaciated high-alpine areas are fundamentally altered by climate change, with well-known implications for hydrology, e.g., due to glacier retreat, longer snow-free periods, and more frequent and intense summer rainstorms. While knowledge on how these hydrological changes will propagate to suspended sediment dynamics is still scarce, it is needed to inform mitigation and adaptation strategies. To understand the processes and source areas most relevant to sediment dynamics, we analyzed discharge and sediment dynamics in high temporal resolution as well as their patterns on several spatial scales, which to date few studies have done. We used a nested catchment setup in the Upper {\"O}tztal in Tyrol, Austria, where high-resolution (15 min) time series of discharge and suspended sediment concentrations are available for up to 15 years (2006-2020). The catchments of the gauges in Vent, S{\"o}lden and Tumpen range from 100 to almost 800 km2 with 10 \% to 30 \% glacier cover and span an elevation range of 930 to 3772 m a.s.l. We analyzed discharge and suspended sediment yields (SSY), their distribution in space, their seasonality and spatial differences therein, and the relative importance of short-term events. We complemented our analysis by linking the observations to satellite-based snow cover maps, glacier inventories, mass balances and precipitation data. Our results indicate that the areas above 2500 m a.s.l., characterized by glacier tongues and the most recently deglaciated areas, are crucial for sediment generation in all sub-catchments. This notion is supported by the synchronous spring onset of sediment export at the three gauges, which coincides with snowmelt above 2500 m but lags behind spring discharge onsets. This points at a limitation of suspended sediment supply as long as the areas above 2500 m are snow-covered. The positive correlation of annual SSY with glacier cover (among catchments) and glacier mass balances (within a catchment) further supports the importance of the glacier-dominated areas. The analysis of short-term events showed that summer precipitation events were associated with peak sediment concentrations and yields but on average accounted for only 21 \% of the annual SSY in the headwaters. These results indicate that under current conditions, thermally induced sediment export (through snow and glacier melt) is dominant in the study area. Our results extend the scientific knowledge on current hydro-sedimentological conditions in glaciated high-alpine areas and provide a baseline for studies on projected future changes in hydro-sedimentological system dynamics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiAbdulkadirSchattenbergetal.2022,
  author    = {Li, Shuang and Abdulkadir, Nafi'u and Schattenberg, Florian and da Rocha, Ulisses Nunes and Grimm, Volker and M{\"u}ller, Susann and Liu, Zishu},
  title     = {Stabilizing microbial communities by looped mass transfer},
  series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America : PNAS},
  volume    = {119},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America : PNAS},
  number    = {17},
  publisher = {National Acad. of Sciences},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0027-8424},
  doi       = {10.1073/pnas.2117814119},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Building and changing a microbiome at will and maintaining it over hundreds of generations has so far proven challenging. Despite best efforts, complex microbiomes appear to be susceptible to large stochastic fluctuations. Current capabilities to assemble and control stable complex microbiomes are limited. Here, we propose a looped mass transfer design that stabilizes microbiomes over long periods of time. Five local microbiomes were continuously grown in parallel for over 114 generations and connected by a loop to a regional pool. Mass transfer rates were altered and microbiome dynamics were monitored using quantitative high-throughput flow cytometry and taxonomic sequencing of whole communities and sorted subcommunities. Increased mass transfer rates reduced local and temporal variation in microbiome assembly, did not affect functions, and overcame stochasticity, with all microbiomes exhibiting high constancy and increasing resistance. Mass transfer synchronized the structures of the five local microbiomes and nestedness of certain cell types was eminent. Mass transfer increased cell number and thus decreased net growth rates mu'. Subsets of cells that did not show net growth mu'SCx were rescued by the regional pool R and thus remained part of the microbiome. The loop in mass transfer ensured the survival of cells that would otherwise go extinct, even if they did not grow in all local microbiomes or grew more slowly than the actual dilution rate D would allow. The rescue effect, known from metacommunity theory, was the main stabilizing mechanism leading to synchrony and survival of subcommunities, despite differences in cell physiological properties, including growth rates.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Rockstroem2022,
  author    = {Rockstr{\"o}m, Johan},
  title     = {Speeding up state-of-the-art assessments on global sustainability},
  series = {Global sustainability},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Global sustainability},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {2059-4798},
  doi       = {10.1017/sus.2022.1},
  pages     = {2},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WalchSinghSoreideetal.2022,
  author    = {Walch, Daniela M. R. and Singh, Rakesh K. and Soreide, Janne E. and Lantuit, Hugues and Poste, Amanda},
  title     = {Spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter in a high-arctic estuary (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) using sentinel-2 time-series},
  series = {Remote sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote sensing},
  number    = {13},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14133123},
  pages     = {22},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Arctic coasts, which feature land-ocean transport of freshwater, sediments, and other terrestrial material, are impacted by climate change, including increased temperatures, melting glaciers, changes in precipitation and runoff. These trends are assumed to affect productivity in fjordic estuaries. However, the spatial extent and temporal variation of the freshwater-driven darkening of fjords remain unresolved. The present study illustrates the spatio-temporal variability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Adventfjorden estuary, Svalbard, using in-situ field campaigns and ocean colour remote sensing (OCRS) via high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery. To compute SPM concentration (C-SPMsat), a semi-analytical algorithm was regionally calibrated using local in-situ data, which improved the accuracy of satellite-derived SPM concentration by similar to 20\% (MRD). Analysis of SPM concentration for two consecutive years (2019, 2020) revealed strong seasonality of SPM in Adventfjorden. Highest estimated SPM concentrations and river plume extent (\% of fjord with C-SPMsat > 30 mg L-1) occurred during June, July, and August. Concurrently, we observed a strong relationship between river plume extent and average air temperature over the 24 h prior to the observation (R-2 = 0.69). Considering predicted changes to environmental conditions in the Arctic region, this study highlights the importance of the rapidly changing environmental parameters and the significance of remote sensing in analysing fluxes in light attenuating particles, especially in the coastal Arctic Ocean.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeistermannBogenaFranckeetal.2022,
  author    = {Heistermann, Maik and Bogena, Heye and Francke, Till and G{\"u}ntner, Andreas and Jakobi, Jannis and Rasche, Daniel and Schr{\"o}n, Martin and D{\"o}pper, Veronika and Fersch, Benjamin and Groh, Jannis and Patil, Amol and P{\"u}tz, Thomas and Reich, Marvin and Zacharias, Steffen and Zengerle, Carmen and Oswald, Sascha},
  title     = {Soil moisture observation in a forested headwater catchment: Combining a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensor network with roving and hydrogravimetry at the TERENO site W{\"u}stebach},
  series = {Earth system science data},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Earth system science data},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1866-3508},
  doi       = {10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022},
  pages     = {2501 -- 2519},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has become an effective method to measure soil moisture at a horizontal scale of hundreds of metres and a depth of decimetres. Recent studies proposed operating CRNS in a network with overlapping footprints in order to cover root-zone water dynamics at the small catchment scale and, at the same time, to represent spatial heterogeneity. In a joint field campaign from September to November 2020 (JFC-2020), five German research institutions deployed 15 CRNS sensors in the 0.4 km(2) Wustebach catchment (Eifel mountains, Germany). The catchment is dominantly forested (but includes a substantial fraction of open vegetation) and features a topographically distinct catchment boundary. In addition to the dense CRNS coverage, the campaign featured a unique combination of additional instruments and techniques: hydro-gravimetry (to detect water storage dynamics also below the root zone); ground-based and, for the first time, airborne CRNS roving; an extensive wireless soil sensor network, supplemented by manual measurements; and six weighable lysimeters. Together with comprehensive data from the long-term local research infrastructure, the published data set (available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.756ca0485800474e9dc7f5949c63b872; Heistermann et al., 2022) will be a valuable asset in various research contexts: to advance the retrieval of landscape water storage from CRNS, wireless soil sensor networks, or hydrogravimetry; to identify scale-specific combinations of sensors and methods to represent soil moisture variability; to improve the understanding and simulation of land-atmosphere exchange as well as hydrological and hydrogeological processes at the hillslope and the catchment scale; and to support the retrieval of soil water content from airborne and spaceborne remote sensing platforms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeistermannBogenaFranckeetal.2022,
  author    = {Heistermann, Maik and Bogena, Heye and Francke, Till and G{\"u}ntner, Andreas and Jakobi, Jannis and Rasche, Daniel and Schr{\"o}n, Martin and D{\"o}pper, Veronika and Fersch, Benjamin and Groh, Jannis and Patil, Amol and P{\"u}tz, Thomas and Reich, Marvin and Zacharias, Steffen and Zengerle, Carmen and Oswald, Sascha},
  title     = {Soil moisture observation in a forested headwater catchment: combining a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensor network with roving and hydrogravimetry at the TERENO site W{\"u}stebach},
  series = {Earth System Science Data (ESSD)},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Earth System Science Data (ESSD)},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
  issn      = {1866-3516},
  doi       = {10.5194/essd-14-2501-2022},
  pages     = {2501 -- 2519},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has become an effective method to measure soil moisture at a horizontal scale of hundreds of metres and a depth of decimetres. Recent studies proposed operating CRNS in a network with overlapping footprints in order to cover root-zone water dynamics at the small catchment scale and, at the same time, to represent spatial heterogeneity. In a joint field campaign from September to November 2020 (JFC-2020), five German research institutions deployed 15 CRNS sensors in the 0.4 km2 W{\"u}stebach catchment (Eifel mountains, Germany). The catchment is dominantly forested (but includes a substantial fraction of open vegetation) and features a topographically distinct catchment boundary. In addition to the dense CRNS coverage, the campaign featured a unique combination of additional instruments and techniques: hydro-gravimetry (to detect water storage dynamics also below the root zone); ground-based and, for the first time, airborne CRNS roving; an extensive wireless soil sensor network, supplemented by manual measurements; and six weighable lysimeters. Together with comprehensive data from the long-term local research infrastructure, the published data set (available at https://doi.org/10.23728/b2share.756ca0485800474e9dc7f5949c63b872; Heistermann et al., 2022) will be a valuable asset in various research contexts: to advance the retrieval of landscape water storage from CRNS, wireless soil sensor networks, or hydrogravimetry; to identify scale-specific combinations of sensors and methods to represent soil moisture variability; to improve the understanding and simulation of land-atmosphere exchange as well as hydrological and hydrogeological processes at the hillslope and the catchment scale; and to support the retrieval of soil water content from airborne and spaceborne remote sensing platforms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KhuranaHesseKleidonHildebrandtetal.2022,
  author    = {Khurana, Swamini and Hesse, Falk and Kleidon-Hildebrandt, Anke and Thullner, Martin},
  title     = {Should we worry about surficial dynamics when assessing nutrient cycling in the groundwater?},
  series = {Frontiers in water},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Frontiers in water},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2624-9375},
  doi       = {10.3389/frwa.2022.780297},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The fluxes of water and solutes in the subsurface compartment of the Critical Zone are temporally dynamic and it is unclear how this impacts microbial mediated nutrient cycling in the spatially heterogeneous subsurface. To investigate this, we undertook numerical modeling, simulating the transport in a wide range of spatially heterogeneous domains, and the biogeochemical transformation of organic carbon and nitrogen compounds using a complex microbial community with four (4) distinct functional groups, in water saturated subsurface compartments. We performed a comprehensive uncertainty analysis accounting for varying residence times and spatial heterogeneity. While the aggregated removal of chemical species in the domains over the entire simulation period was approximately the same as that in steady state conditions, the sub-scale temporal variation of microbial biomass and chemical discharge from a domain depended strongly on the interplay of spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of the forcing. We showed that the travel time and the Damkohler number (Da) can be used to predict the temporally varying chemical discharge from a spatially heterogeneous domain. In homogeneous domains, chemical discharge in temporally dynamic conditions could be double of that in the steady state conditions while microbial biomass varied up to 75\% of that in steady state conditions. In heterogeneous domains, the interquartile range of uncertainty in chemical discharge in reaction dominated systems (log(10)Da > 0) was double of that in steady state conditions. However, high heterogeneous domains resulted in outliers where chemical discharge could be as high as 10-20 times of that in steady state conditions in high flow periods. And in transport dominated systems (log(10)Da < 0), the chemical discharge could be half of that in steady state conditions in unusually low flow conditions. In conclusion, ignoring spatio-temporal heterogeneities in a numerical modeling approach may exacerbate inaccurate estimation of nutrient export and microbial biomass. The results are relevant to long-term field monitoring studies, and for homogeneous soil column-scale experiments investigating the role of temporal dynamics on microbial redox dynamics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StoofLeichsenringHuangLiuetal.2022,
  author    = {Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. and Huang, Sichao and Liu, Sisi and Jia, Weihan and Li, Kai and Liu, Xingqi and Pestryakova, Luidmila A. and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {Sedimentary DNA identifies modern and past macrophyte diversity and its environmental drivers in high-latitude and high-elevation lakes in Siberia and China},
  series = {Limnology and oceanography},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Limnology and oceanography},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0024-3590},
  doi       = {10.1002/lno.12061},
  pages     = {1126 -- 1141},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Arctic and alpine aquatic ecosystems are changing rapidly under recent global warming, threatening water resources by diminishing trophic status and changing biotic composition. Macrophytes play a key role in the ecology of freshwaters and we need to improve our understanding of long-term macrophytes diversity and environmental change so far limited by the sporadic presence of macrofossils in sediments. In our study, we applied metabarcoding using the trnL P6 loop marker to retrieve macrophyte richness and composition from 179 surface-sediment samples from arctic Siberian and alpine Chinese lakes and three representative lake cores. The surface-sediment dataset suggests that macrophyte richness and composition are mostly affected by temperature and conductivity, with highest richness when mean July temperatures are higher than 12 degrees C and conductivity ranges between 40 and 400 mu S cm(-1). Compositional turnover during the Late Pleistocene/Holocene is minor in Siberian cores and characterized by a less rich, but stable emergent macrophyte community. Richness decreases during the Last Glacial Maximum and rises during wetter and warmer climate in the Late-glacial and Mid-Holocene. In contrast, we detect a pronounced change from emergent to submerged taxa at 14 ka in the Tibetan alpine core, which can be explained by increasing temperature and conductivity due to glacial runoff and evaporation. Our study provides evidence for the suitability of the trnL marker to recover modern and past macrophyte diversity and its applicability for the response of macrophyte diversity to lake-hydrochemical and climate variability predicting contrasting macrophyte changes in arctic and alpine lakes under intensified warming and human impact.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JiaAnslanChenetal.2022,
  author    = {Jia, Weihan and Anslan, Sten and Chen, Fahu and Cao, Xianyong and Dong, Hailiang and Dulias, Katharina and Gu, Zhengquan and Heinecke, Liv and Jiang, Hongchen and Kruse, Stefan and Kang, Wengang and Li, Kai and Liu, Sisi and Liu, Xingqi and Liu, Ying and Ni, Jian and Schwalb, Antje and Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. and Shen, Wei and Tian, Fang and Wang, Jing and Wang, Yongbo and Wang, Yucheng and Xu, Hai and Yang, Xiaoyan and Zhang, Dongju and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {Sedimentary ancient DNA reveals past ecosystem and biodiversity changes on the Tibetan Plateau: overview and prospects},
  series = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal},
  volume    = {293},
  journal   = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0277-3791},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107703},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau are being threatened by ongoing climate warming and intensified human activities. Ecological time-series obtained from sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) are essential for understanding past ecosystem and biodiversity dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau and their responses to climate change at a high taxonomic resolution. Hitherto only few but promising studies have been published on this topic. The potential and limitations of using sedaDNA on the Tibetan Plateau are not fully understood. Here, we (i) provide updated knowledge of and a brief introduction to the suitable archives, region-specific taphonomy, state-of-the-art methodologies, and research questions of sedaDNA on the Tibetan Plateau; (ii) review published and ongoing sedaDNA studies from the Tibetan Plateau; and (iii) give some recommendations for future sedaDNA study designs. Based on the current knowledge of taphonomy, we infer that deep glacial lakes with freshwater and high clay sediment input, such as those from the southern and southeastern Tibetan Plateau, may have a high potential for sedaDNA studies. Metabarcoding (for microorganisms and plants), metagenomics (for ecosystems), and hybridization capture (for prehistoric humans) are three primary sedaDNA approaches which have been successfully applied on the Tibetan Plateau, but their power is still limited by several technical issues, such as PCR bias and incompleteness of taxonomic reference databases. Setting up high-quality and open-access regional taxonomic reference databases for the Tibetan Plateau should be given priority in the future. To conclude, the archival, taphonomic, and methodological conditions of the Tibetan Plateau are favorable for performing sedaDNA studies. More research should be encouraged to address questions about long-term ecological dynamics at ecosystem scale and to bring the paleoecology of the Tibetan Plateau into a new era.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kemter2022,
  author    = {Kemter, Matthias},
  title     = {River floods in a changing world},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55856},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-558564},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xvii, 120},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {River floods are among the most devastating natural hazards worldwide. As their generation is highly dependent on climatic conditions, their magnitude and frequency are projected to be affected by future climate change. Therefore, it is crucial to study the ways in which a changing climate will, and already has, influenced flood generation, and thereby flood hazard. Additionally, it is important to understand how other human influences - specifically altered land cover - affect flood hazard at the catchment scale. The ways in which flood generation is influenced by climatic and land cover conditions differ substantially in different regions. The spatial variability of these effects needs to be taken into account by using consistent datasets across large scales as well as applying methods that can reflect this heterogeneity. Therefore, in the first study of this cumulative thesis a complex network approach is used to find 10 clusters of similar flood behavior among 4390 catchments in the conterminous United States. By using a consistent set of 31 hydro-climatological and land cover variables, and training a separate Random Forest model for each of the clusters, the regional controls on flood magnitude trends between 1960-2010 are detected. It is shown that changes in rainfall are the most important drivers of these trends, while they are regionally controlled by land cover conditions. While climate change is most commonly associated with flood magnitude trends, it has been shown to also influence flood timing. This can lead to trends in the size of the area across which floods occur simultaneously, the flood synchrony scale. The second study is an analysis of data from 3872 European streamflow gauges and shows that flood synchrony scales have increased in Western Europe and decreased in Eastern Europe. These changes are attributed to changes in flood generation, especially a decreasing relevance of snowmelt. Additionally, the analysis shows that both the absolute values and the trends of flood magnitudes and flood synchrony scales are positively correlated. If these trends persist in the future and are not accounted for, the combined increases of flood magnitudes and flood synchrony scales can exceed the capacities of disaster relief organizations and insurers. Hazard cascades are an additional way through which climate change can influence different aspects of flood hazard. The 2019/2020 wildfires in Australia, which were preceded by an unprecedented drought and extinguished by extreme rainfall that led to local flooding, present an opportunity to study the effects of multiple preceding hazards on flood hazard. All these hazards are individually affected by climate change, additionally complicating the interactions within the cascade. By estimating and analyzing the burn severity, rainfall magnitude, soil erosion and stream turbidity in differently affected tributaries of the Manning River catchment, the third study shows that even low magnitude floods can pose a substantial hazard within a cascade. This thesis shows that humanity is affecting flood hazard in multiple ways with spatially and temporarily varying consequences, many of which were previously neglected (e.g. flood synchrony scale, hazard cascades). To allow for informed decision making in risk management and climate change adaptation, it will be crucial to study these aspects across the globe and to project their trajectories into the future. The presented methods can depict the complex interactions of different flood drivers and their spatial variability, providing a basis for the assessment of future flood hazard changes. The role of land cover should be considered more in future flood risk modelling and management studies, while holistic, transferable frameworks for hazard cascade assessment will need to be designed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Heidenreich2022,
  author    = {Heidenreich, Anna},
  title     = {Risk Communicaton of Natural Hazards},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {XII, 141},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Natural hazards pose a threat to human health and life. In Germany, where the research for this thesis was conducted, numerous weather extremes occurred in the recent past that caused high numbers of fatalities and huge financial losses. The focus of this research is centred around two relevant natural hazards: heat stress and flooding. Preventing negative health impacts and deaths, as well as structural and monetary damage is the purpose of risk management and this requires citizens to adapt as well. Risk communication is implemented to foster people's risk perception and motivate individual adaptation. However, methods of risk and crisis communication are often not evaluated in a structured manner. Much interdisciplinary research exists on both risk perception and adaptation, however, not much is known on the connection between the two. Furthermore, the existing research on risk communication is often not theory-driven and its impact on individual adaptation and risk perception is not thoroughly documented. This dissertation follows three research aims: (1) Compare psychological theories that contribute to natural hazard research. (2) Explore risk perception and adaptive behaviour by applying multiple methods. And (3) evaluate one risk communication method and one crisis communication method in a theory-driven manner to determine their impact on risk perception and adaptive behaviour. First, a literature review is provided on existing psychological theories which aim to explain the behaviour of individuals with regards to natural hazards. The three key theories included are the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), the Protective Action Decision Model (PADM), and the Risk Information Seeking and Processing Model (RISP). Each of these are described and compared to each other with a focus on their explanatory power and practical significance in interdisciplinary research. Theoretical adaptations and possible extensions for future research are proposed for the presented approaches. Second, a multimethod field study on heat stress at an open-air event is presented. Face-to-face surveys (n = 306) and behavioural observations (n = 2750) were carried out at a horticultural show in W{\"u}rzburg in summer 2018. The visitors' risk perception, adaptive behaviour, and activity level were analysed and compared between hot days, summer days, and rainy days, applying correlation analyses, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses. Heat risk perception was generally high, but most respondents were unaware of heat warnings on the day of their visit. During hot days the highest level of adaptation and lower activity levels were observed. Discrepancies between reported and observed adaptation emerged for different age groups.. Third, a telephone and web-based household survey on heat stress was conducted in the cities of W{\"u}rzburg, Potsdam, and Remscheid in 2019 (n = 1417). The PADM served as the study's theoretical framework. In multiple regression analyses the PADM factors of environmental and demographic context, risk communication, and psychological processes explained a substantial share of variance of protection motivation, protective response, and emotion-focused coping. Elements of crisis communication of a heat warning were evaluated experimentally. Results showed that understanding and adaptation intention was significantly higher in individuals that had received action recommendations alongside the heat warning. Fourth, the focus is set on a risk communication method of the flood context. A series of workshops on individual flood protection was carried out in six different settings. The participants (n = 115) answered a pretest-posttest questionnaire. Mixed-model analyses revealed significant increases in self-efficacy, subjective knowledge, and protection motivation. Stronger effects were observed in younger participants and those with lower levels of previous knowledge on flood adaptation as well as no flood experience. The findings of this thesis help to understand individual adaptation, as well as possible impacts of risk and crisis communication on risk perception and adaptation. The scientific background of this work is rooted in the disciplines of psychology and geosciences. The two theories PMT and PADM proved to be useful theoretical frameworks for the presented studies to suggest improvements in risk communication methods. A broad picture of individual adaptation is captured through a variety of methods of self-reports (face-to-face, telephone-based, web-based, and paper-pencil surveys) and behavioural observations, which recorded past and intended behaviour. Alongside with further methodological recommendations, the theory-driven evaluations of risk and crisis communication methods can serve as best-practice examples for future evaluation studies in natural hazard research but also other sciences dealing with risk behaviour to identify and improve effective risk communication pathways.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerzschuhBoehmerLietal.2022,
  author    = {Herzschuh, Ulrike and B{\"o}hmer, Thomas and Li, Chenzhi and Cao, Xianyong and H{\´e}bert, Rapha{\"e}l and Dallmeyer, Anne and Telford, Richard J. and Kruse, Stefan},
  title     = {Reversals in temperature-precipitation correlations in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics during the Holocene},
  series = {Geophysical research letters},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Geophysical research letters},
  number    = {22},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0094-8276},
  doi       = {10.1029/2022GL099730},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Future precipitation levels remain uncertain because climate models have struggled to reproduce observed variations in temperature-precipitation correlations. Our analyses of Holocene proxy-based temperature-precipitation correlations and hydrological sensitivities from 2,237 Northern Hemisphere extratropical pollen records reveal a significant latitudinal dependence and temporal variations among the early, middle, and late Holocene. These proxy-based variations are largely consistent with patterns obtained from transient climate simulations (TraCE21k). While high latitudes and subtropical monsoon areas show mainly stable positive correlations throughout the Holocene, the mid-latitude pattern is temporally and spatially more variable. In particular, we identified a reversal from positive to negative temperature-precipitation correlations in the eastern North American and European mid-latitudes from the early to mid-Holocene that mainly related to slowed down westerlies and a switch to moisture-limited convection under a warm climate. Our palaeoevidence of past temperature-precipitation correlation shifts identifies those regions where simulating past and future precipitation levels might be particularly challenging.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KongGhaffarDetermannetal.2022,
  author    = {Kong, Xiangzhen and Ghaffar, Salman and Determann, Maria and Friese, Kurt and Jomaa, Seifeddine and Mi, Chenxi and Shatwell, Tom and Rinke, Karsten and Rode, Michael},
  title     = {Reservoir water quality deterioration due to deforestation emphasizes the indirect effects of global change},
  series = {Water research : a journal of the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ)},
  volume    = {221},
  journal   = {Water research : a journal of the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ)},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  address   = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0043-1354},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.watres.2022.118721},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Deforestation is currently a widespread phenomenon and a growing environmental concern in the era of rapid climate change. In temperate regions, it is challenging to quantify the impacts of deforestation on the catchment dynamics and downstream aquatic ecosystems such as reservoirs and disentangle these from direct climate change impacts, let alone project future changes to inform management. Here, we tackled this issue by investigating a unique catchment-reservoir system with two reservoirs in distinct trophic states (meso- and eutrophic), both of which drain into the largest drinking water reservoir in Germany. Due to the prolonged droughts in 2015-2018, the catchment of the mesotrophic reservoir lost an unprecedented area of forest (exponential increase since 2015 and ca. 17.1\% loss in 2020 alone). We coupled catchment nutrient exports (HYPE) and reservoir ecosystem dynamics (GOTM-WET) models using a process-based modeling approach. The coupled model was validated with datasets spanning periods of rapid deforestation, which makes our future projections highly robust. Results show that in a short-term time scale (by 2035), increasing nutrient flux from the catchment due to vast deforestation (80\% loss) can turn the mesotrophic reservoir into a eutrophic state as its counterpart. Our results emphasize the more prominent impacts of deforestation than the direct impact of climate warming in impairment of water quality and ecological services to downstream aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, we propose to evaluate the impact of climate change on temperate reservoirs by incorporating a time scale-dependent context, highlighting the indirect impact of deforestation in the short-term scale. In the long-term scale (e.g. to 2100), a guiding hypothesis for future research may be that indirect effects (e.g., as mediated by catchment dynamics) are as important as the direct effects of climate warming on aquatic ecosystems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KruseHerzschuh2022,
  author    = {Kruse, Stefan and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {Regional opportunities for tundra conservation in the next 1000 years},
  series = {eLife},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {eLife},
  publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {2050-084X},
  doi       = {10.7554/eLife.75163},
  pages     = {24},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The biodiversity of tundra areas in northern high latitudes is threatened by invasion of forests under global warming. However, poorly understood nonlinear responses of the treeline ecotone mean the timing and extent of tundra losses are unclear, but policymakers need such information to optimize conservation efforts. Our individual-based model LAVESI, developed for the Siberian tundra-taiga ecotone, can help improve our understanding. Consequently, we simulated treeline migration trajectories until the end of the millennium, causing a loss of tundra area when advancing north. Our simulations reveal that the treeline follows climate warming with a severe, century-long time lag, which is overcompensated by infilling of stands in the long run even when temperatures cool again. Our simulations reveal that only under ambitious mitigation strategies (relative concentration pathway 2.6) will ~30\% of original tundra areas remain in the north but separated into two disjunct refugia.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{FischerBrettinRoessneretal.2022,
  author    = {Fischer, Melanie and Brettin, Jana and Roessner, Sigrid and Walz, Ariane and Fort, Monique and Korup, Oliver},
  title     = {Rare flood scenarios for a rapidly growing high-mountain city: Pokhara, Nepal},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1284},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57120},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571209},
  pages     = {3105 -- 3123},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Pokhara (ca. 850 m a.s.l.), Nepal's second-largest city, lies at the foot of the Higher Himalayas and has more than tripled its population in the past 3 decades. Construction materials are in high demand in rapidly expanding built-up areas, and several informal settlements cater to unregulated sand and gravel mining in the Pokhara Valley's main river, the Seti Khola. This river is fed by the Sabche glacier below Annapurna III (7555 m a.s.l.), some 35 km upstream of the city, and traverses one of the steepest topographic gradients in the Himalayas. In May 2012 a sudden flood caused >70 fatalities and intense damage along this river and rekindled concerns about flood risk management. We estimate the flow dynamics and inundation depths of flood scenarios using the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System). We simulate the potential impacts of peak discharges from 1000 to 10 000 m3 s-1 on land cover based on high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery and OpenStreetMap data (buildings and road network). We also trace the dynamics of two informal settlements near Kaseri and Yamdi with high potential flood impact from RapidEye, PlanetScope, and Google Earth imagery of the past 2 decades. Our hydrodynamic simulations highlight several sites of potential hydraulic ponding that would largely affect these informal settlements and sites of sand and gravel mining. These built-up areas grew between 3- and 20-fold, thus likely raising local flood exposure well beyond changes in flood hazard. Besides these drastic local changes, about 1 \% of Pokhara's built-up urban area and essential rural road network is in the highest-hazard zones highlighted by our flood simulations. Our results stress the need to adapt early-warning strategies for locally differing hydrological and geomorphic conditions in this rapidly growing urban watershed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FischerBrettinRoessneretal.2022,
  author    = {Fischer, Melanie and Brettin, Jana and Roessner, Sigrid and Walz, Ariane and Fort, Monique and Korup, Oliver},
  title     = {Rare flood scenarios for a rapidly growing high-mountain city: Pokhara, Nepal},
  series = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
  edition   = {9},
  publisher = {Copernicus Publications},
  address   = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
  issn      = {1684-9981},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-22-3105-2022},
  pages     = {3105 -- 3123},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Pokhara (ca. 850 m a.s.l.), Nepal's second-largest city, lies at the foot of the Higher Himalayas and has more than tripled its population in the past 3 decades. Construction materials are in high demand in rapidly expanding built-up areas, and several informal settlements cater to unregulated sand and gravel mining in the Pokhara Valley's main river, the Seti Khola. This river is fed by the Sabche glacier below Annapurna III (7555 m a.s.l.), some 35 km upstream of the city, and traverses one of the steepest topographic gradients in the Himalayas. In May 2012 a sudden flood caused >70 fatalities and intense damage along this river and rekindled concerns about flood risk management. We estimate the flow dynamics and inundation depths of flood scenarios using the hydrodynamic model HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System). We simulate the potential impacts of peak discharges from 1000 to 10 000 m3 s-1 on land cover based on high-resolution Maxar satellite imagery and OpenStreetMap data (buildings and road network). We also trace the dynamics of two informal settlements near Kaseri and Yamdi with high potential flood impact from RapidEye, PlanetScope, and Google Earth imagery of the past 2 decades. Our hydrodynamic simulations highlight several sites of potential hydraulic ponding that would largely affect these informal settlements and sites of sand and gravel mining. These built-up areas grew between 3- and 20-fold, thus likely raising local flood exposure well beyond changes in flood hazard. Besides these drastic local changes, about 1 \% of Pokhara's built-up urban area and essential rural road network is in the highest-hazard zones highlighted by our flood simulations. Our results stress the need to adapt early-warning strategies for locally differing hydrological and geomorphic conditions in this rapidly growing urban watershed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaiToetzkeKaestneretal.2022,
  author    = {Cai, Gaochao and T{\"o}tzke, Christian and Kaestner, Anders and Ahmed, Mutez Ali},
  title     = {Quantification of root water uptake and redistribution using neutron imaging: a review and future directions},
  series = {The plant journal},
  volume    = {111},
  journal   = {The plant journal},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0960-7412},
  doi       = {10.1111/tpj.15839},
  pages     = {348 -- 359},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Quantifying root water uptake is essential to understanding plant water use and responses to different environmental conditions. However, non-destructive measurement of water transport and related hydraulics in the soil-root system remains a challenge. Neutron imaging, with its high sensitivity to hydrogen, has become an unparalleled tool to visualize and quantify root water uptake in vivo. In combination with isotopes (e.g., deuterated water) and a diffusion-convection model, root water uptake and hydraulic redistribution in root and soil can be quantified. Here, we review recent advances in utilizing neutron imaging to visualize and quantify root water uptake, hydraulic redistribution in roots and soil, and root hydraulic properties of different plant species. Under uniform soil moisture distributions, neutron radiographic studies have shown that water uptake was not uniform along the root and depended on both root type and age. For both tap (e.g., lupine [Lupinus albus L.]) and fibrous (e.g., maize [Zea mays L.]) root systems, water was mainly taken up through lateral roots. In mature maize, the location of water uptake shifted from seminal roots and their laterals to crown/nodal roots and their laterals. Under non-uniform soil moisture distributions, part of the water taken up during the daytime maintained the growth of crown/nodal roots in the upper, drier soil layers. Ultra-fast neutron tomography provides new insights into 3D water movement in soil and roots. We discuss the limitations of using neutron imaging and propose future directions to utilize neutron imaging to advance our understanding of root water uptake and soil-root interactions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkBusseSiegmundetal.2022,
  author    = {Funk, Roger and Busse, Jaqueline and Siegmund, Nicole and Sommer, Michael and Iturri, Laura Antonela and Panebianco, Juan E. and Avecilla, Fernando and Buschiazzo, Daniel},
  title     = {Phytoliths in particulate matter released by wind erosion on arable land in La Pampa, Argentina},
  series = {Frontiers in environmental science},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Frontiers in environmental science},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2296-665X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fenvs.2022.969898},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element in plant nutrition, but its importance on ecosystems goes far beyond that. Various forms of silicon are found in soils, of which the phytogenic pool plays a decisive role due to its good availability. This Si returns to the soil through the decomposition of plant residues, where they then participate in the further cycle as biogenic amorphous silica (bASi) or so-called phytoliths. These have a high affinity for water, so that the water holding capacity and water availability of soils can be increased even by small amounts of ASi. Agricultural land is a considerable global dust source, and dust samples from arable land have shown in cloud formation experiments a several times higher ice nucleation activity than pure mineral dust. Here, particle sizes in the particulate matter fractions (PM) are important, which can travel long distances and reach high altitudes in the atmosphere. Based on this, the research question was whether phytoliths could be detected in PM samples from wind erosion events, what are the main particle sizes of phytoliths and whether an initial quantification was possible.Measurements of PM concentrations were carried out at a wind erosion measuring field in the province La Pampa, Argentina. PM were sampled during five erosion events with Environmental Dust Monitors (EDM). After counting and classifying all particles with diameters between 0.3 and 32 mu m in the EDMs, they are collected on filters. The filters were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (SEM-EDX) to investigate single or ensembles of particles regarding composition and possible origins.The analyses showed up to 8.3 per cent being phytoliths in the emitted dust and up to 25 per cent of organic origin. Particles of organic origin are mostly in the coarse dust fraction, whereas phytoliths are predominately transported in the finer dust fractions. Since phytoliths are both an important source of Si as a plant nutrient and are also involved in soil C fixation, their losses from arable land via dust emissions should be considered and its specific influence on atmospheric processes should be studied in detail in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LawrenceWilliamsNanzetal.2022,
  author    = {Lawrence, Mark and Williams, Stephen and Nanz, Patrizia and Renn, Ortwin},
  title     = {Perspective Characteristics, potentials, and challenges of transdisciplinary research},
  series = {One Earth},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {One Earth},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2590-3322},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.oneear.2021.12.010},
  pages     = {44 -- 61},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Resolving the grand challenges and wicked problems of the Anthropocene will require skillfully combining a broad range of knowledge and understandings-both scientific and non-scientific-of Earth systems and human societies. One approach to this is transdisciplinary research, which has gained considerable interest over the last few decades, resulting in an extensive body of literature about transdisciplinarity. However, this has in turn led to the challenge that developing a good understanding of transdisciplinary research can require extensive effort. Here we provide a focused overview and perspective for disciplinary and interdisciplinary researchers who are interested in efficiently obtaining a solid understanding of transdisciplinarity. We describe definitions, characteristics, schools of thought, and an exemplary three-phase model of transdisciplinary research. We also discuss three key challenges that transdisciplinary research faces in the context of addressing the broader challenges of the Anthropocene, and we consider approaches to dealing with these specific challenges, based especially on our experiences with building up transdisciplinary research projects at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TianQinZhangetal.2022,
  author    = {Tian, Fang and Qin, Wen and Zhang, Ran and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Ni, Jian and Zhang, Chengjun and Mischke, Steffen and Cao, Xianyong},
  title     = {Palynological evidence for the temporal stability of the plant community in the Yellow River Source Area over the last 7,400 years},
  series = {Vegetation history and archaeobotany},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Vegetation history and archaeobotany},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0939-6314},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00334-022-00870-5},
  pages     = {549 -- 558},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The terrestrial ecosystem in the Yellow River Source Area (YRSA) is sensitive to climate change and human impacts, although past vegetation change and the degree of human disturbance are still largely unknown. A 170-cm-long sediment core covering the last 7,400 years was collected from Lake Xingxinghai (XXH) in the YRSA. Pollen, together with a series of other environmental proxies (including grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) and carbonate content), were analysed to explore past vegetation and environmental changes for the YRSA. Dominant and common pollen components-Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae-are stable throughout the last 7,400 years. Slight vegetation change is inferred from an increasing trend of Cyperaceae and decreasing trend of Poaceae, suggesting that alpine steppe was replaced by alpine meadow at ca. 3.5 ka cal bp. The vegetation transformation indicates a generally wetter climate during the middle and late Holocene, which is supported by increased amounts of TOC and Pediastrum (representing high water-level) and is consistent with previous past climate records from the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our results find no evidence of human impact on the regional vegetation surrounding XXH, hence we conclude the vegetation change likely reflects the regional climate signal.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Fischer2022,
  author    = {Fischer, Melanie},
  title     = {Outburst floods in the Greater Himalayas},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56997},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-569972},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xviii, 155},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {High-mountain regions provide valuable ecosystem services, including food, water, and energy production, to more than 900 million people worldwide. Projections hold, that this population number will rapidly increase in the next decades, accompanied by a continued urbanisation of cities located in mountain valleys. One of the manifestations of this ongoing socio-economic change of mountain societies is a rise in settlement areas and transportation infrastructure while an increased power need fuels the construction of hydropower plants along rivers in the high-mountain regions of the world. However, physical processes governing the cryosphere of these regions are highly sensitive to changes in climate and a global warming will likely alter the conditions in the headwaters of high-mountain rivers. One of the potential implications of this change is an increase in frequency and magnitude of outburst floods - highly dynamic flows capable of carrying large amounts of water and sediments. Sudden outbursts from lakes formed behind natural dams are complex geomorphological processes and are often part of a hazard cascade. In contrast to other types of natural hazards in high-alpine areas, for example landslides or avalanches, outburst floods are highly infrequent. Therefore, observations and data describing for example the mode of outburst or the hydraulic properties of the downstream propagating flow are very limited, which is a major challenge in contemporary (glacial) lake outburst flood research. Although glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and landslide-dammed lake outburst floods (LLOFs) are rare, a number of documented events caused high fatality counts and damage. The highest documented losses due to outburst floods since the start of the 20th century were induced by only a few high-discharge events. Thus, outburst floods can be a significant hazard to downvalley communities and infrastructure in high-mountain regions worldwide. This thesis focuses on the Greater Himalayan region, a vast mountain belt stretching across 0.89 million km2. Although potentially hundreds of outburst floods have occurred there since the beginning of the 20th century, data on these events is still scarce. Projections of cryospheric change, including glacier-mass wastage and permafrost degradation, will likely result in an overall increase of the water volume stored in meltwater lakes as well as the destabilisation of mountain slopes in the Greater Himalayan region. Thus, the potential for outburst floods to affect the increasingly more densely populated valleys of this mountain belt is also likely to increase in the future. A prime example of one of these valleys is the Pokhara valley in Nepal, which is drained by the Seti Khola, a river crossing one of the steepest topographic gradients in the Himalayas. This valley is also home to Nepal's second largest, rapidly growing city, Pokhara, which currently has a population of more than half a million people - some of which live in informal settlements within the floodplain of the Seti Khola. Although there is ample evidence for past outburst floods along this river in recent and historic times, these events have hardly been quantified. The main motivation of my thesis is to address the data scarcity on past and potential future outburst floods in the Greater Himalayan region, both at a regional and at a local scale. For the former, I compiled an inventory of >3,000 moraine-dammed lakes, of which about 1\% had a documented sudden failure in the past four decades. I used this data to test whether a number of predictors that have been widely applied in previous GLOF assessments are statistically relevant when estimating past GLOF susceptibility. For this, I set up four Bayesian multi-level logistic regression models, in which I explored the credibility of the predictors lake area, lake-area dynamics, lake elevation, parent-glacier-mass balance, and monsoonality. By using a hierarchical approach consisting of two levels, this probabilistic framework also allowed for spatial variability on GLOF susceptibility across the vast study area, which until now had not been considered in studies of this scale. The model results suggest that in the Nyainqentanglha and Eastern Himalayas - regions with strong negative glacier-mass balances - lakes have been more prone to release GLOFs than in regions with less negative or even stable glacier-mass balances. Similarly, larger lakes in larger catchments had, on average, a higher probability to have had a GLOF in the past four decades. Yet, monsoonality, lake elevation, and lake-area dynamics were more ambiguous. This challenges the credibility of a lake's rapid growth in surface area as an indicator of a pending outburst; a metric that has been applied to regional GLOF assessments worldwide. At a local scale, my thesis aims to overcome data scarcity concerning the flow characteristics of the catastrophic May 2012 flood along the Seti Khola, which caused 72 fatalities, as well as potentially much larger predecessors, which deposited >1 km³ of sediment in the Pokhara valley between the 12th and 14th century CE. To reconstruct peak discharges, flow depths, and flow velocities of the 2012 flood, I mapped the extents of flood sediments from RapidEye satellite imagery and used these as a proxy for inundation limits. To constrain the latter for the Mediaeval events, I utilised outcrops of slackwater deposits in the fills of tributary valleys. Using steady-state hydrodynamic modelling for a wide range of plausible scenarios, from meteorological (1,000 m³ s-1) to cataclysmic outburst floods (600,000 m³ s-1), I assessed the likely initial discharges of the recent and the Mediaeval floods based on the lowest mismatch between sedimentary evidence and simulated flood limits. One-dimensional HEC-RAS simulations suggest, that the 2012 flood most likely had a peak discharge of 3,700 m³ s-1 in the upper Seti Khola and attenuated to 500 m³ s-1 when arriving in Pokhara's suburbs some 15 km downstream. Simulations of flow in two-dimensions with orders of magnitude higher peak discharges in ANUGA show extensive backwater effects in the main tributary valleys. These backwater effects match the locations of slackwater deposits and, hence, attest for the flood character of Mediaeval sediment pulses. This thesis provides first quantitative proof for the hypothesis, that the latter were linked to earthquake-triggered outbursts of large former lakes in the headwaters of the Seti Khola - producing floods with peak discharges of >50,000 m³ s-1. Building on this improved understanding of past floods along the Seti Khola, my thesis continues with an analysis of the impacts of potential future outburst floods on land cover, including built-up areas and infrastructure mapped from high-resolution satellite and OpenStreetMap data. HEC-RAS simulations of ten flood scenarios, with peak discharges ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 m³ s-1, show that the relative inundation hazard is highest in Pokhara's north-western suburbs. There, the potential effects of hydraulic ponding upstream of narrow gorges might locally sustain higher flow depths. Yet, along this reach, informal settlements and gravel mining activities are close to the active channel. By tracing the construction dynamics in two of these potentially affected informal settlements on multi-temporal RapidEye, PlanetScope, and Google Earth imagery, I found that exposure increased locally between three- to twentyfold in just over a decade (2008 to 2021). In conclusion, this thesis provides new quantitative insights into the past controls on the susceptibility of glacial lakes to sudden outburst at a regional scale and the flow dynamics of propagating flood waves released by past events at a local scale, which can aid future hazard assessments on transient scales in the Greater Himalayan region. My subsequent exploration of the impacts of potential future outburst floods to exposed infrastructure and (informal) settlements might provide valuable inputs to anticipatory assessments of multiple risks in the Pokhara valley.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WagenerReineckePianosi2022,
  author    = {Wagener, Thorsten and Reinecke, Robert and Pianosi, Francesca},
  title     = {On the evaluation of climate change impact models},
  series = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Climate change},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Climate change},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1757-7780},
  doi       = {10.1002/wcc.772},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In-depth understanding of the potential implications of climate change is required to guide decision- and policy-makers when developing adaptation strategies and designing infrastructure suitable for future conditions. Impact models that translate potential future climate conditions into variables of interest are needed to create the causal connection between a changing climate and its impact for different sectors. Recent surveys suggest that the primary strategy for validating such models (and hence for justifying their use) heavily relies on assessing the accuracy of model simulations by comparing them against historical observations. We argue that such a comparison is necessary and valuable, but not sufficient to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of climate change impact models. We believe that a complementary, largely observation-independent, step of model evaluation is needed to ensure more transparency of model behavior and greater robustness of scenario-based analyses. This step should address the following four questions: (1) Do modeled dominant process controls match our system perception? (2) Is my model's sensitivity to changing forcing as expected? (3) Do modeled decision levers show adequate influence? (4) Can we attribute uncertainty sources throughout the projection horizon? We believe that global sensitivity analysis, with its ability to investigate a model's response to joint variations of multiple inputs in a structured way, offers a coherent approach to address all four questions comprehensively. Such additional model evaluation would strengthen stakeholder confidence in model projections and, therefore, into the adaptation strategies derived with the help of impact models. This article is categorized under: Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KruseStuenziBoikeetal.2022,
  author    = {Kruse, Stefan and St{\"u}nzi, Simone Maria and Boike, Julia and Langer, Moritz and Gloy, Josias and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {Novel coupled permafrost-forest model (LAVESI-CryoGrid v1.0) revealing the interplay between permafrost, vegetation, and climate across eastern Siberia},
  series = {Geoscientific model development : GMD ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Geoscientific model development : GMD ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1991-959X},
  doi       = {10.5194/gmd-15-2395-2022},
  pages     = {2395 -- 2422},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Boreal forests of Siberia play a relevant role in the global carbon cycle. However, global warming threatens the existence of summergreen larch-dominated ecosystems, likely enabling a transition to evergreen tree taxa with deeper active layers. Complex permafrost-vegetation interactions make it uncertain whether these ecosystems could develop into a carbon source rather than continuing atmospheric carbon sequestration under global warming. Consequently, shedding light on the role of current and future active layer dynamics and the feedbacks with the apparent tree species is crucial to predict boreal forest transition dynamics and thus for aboveground forest biomass and carbon stock developments. Hence, we established a coupled model version amalgamating a one-dimensional permafrost multilayer forest land-surface model (CryoGrid) with LAVESI, an individual-based and spatially explicit forest model for larch species (Larix Mill.), extended for this study by including other relevant Siberian forest species and explicit terrain. <br /> Following parameterization, we ran simulations with the coupled version to the near future to 2030 with a mild climate-warming scenario. We focus on three regions covering a gradient of summergreen forests in the east at Spasskaya Pad, mixed summergreen-evergreen forests close to Nyurba, and the warmest area at Lake Khamra in the southeast of Yakutia, Russia. Coupled simulations were run with the newly implemented boreal forest species and compared to runs allowing only one species at a time, as well as to simulations using just LAVESI. Results reveal that the coupled version corrects for overestimation of active layer thickness (ALT) and soil moisture, and large differences in established forests are simulated. We conclude that the coupled version can simulate the complex environment of eastern Siberia by reproducing vegetation patterns, making it an excellent tool to disentangle processes driving boreal forest dynamics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GuzmanAriasSamprognaMohorMendiondo2022,
  author    = {Guzman Arias, Diego Alejandro and Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme and Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario},
  title     = {Multi-driver ensemble to evaluate the water utility business interruption cost induced by hydrological drought risk scenarios in Brazil},
  series = {Urban water journal},
  journal   = {Urban water journal},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1573-062X},
  doi       = {10.1080/1573062X.2022.2058564},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Climate change and increasing water demand in urban environments necessitate planning water utility companies' finances. Traditionally, methods to estimate the direct water utility business interruption costs (WUBIC) caused by droughts have not been clearly established. We propose a multi-driver assessment method. We project the water yield using a hydrological model driven by regional climate models under radiative forcing scenarios. We project water demand under stationary and non-stationary conditions to estimate drought severity and duration, which are linked with pricing policies recently adopted by the Sao Paulo Water Utility Company. The results showed water insecurity. The non-stationary trend imposed larger differences in the drought resilience financial gap, suggesting that the uncertainties of WUBIC derived from demand and climate models are greater than those associated with radiative forcing scenarios. As populations increase, proactively controlling demand is recommended to avoid or minimize reactive policy changes during future drought events, repeating recent financial impacts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchweppeThoberMuelleretal.2022,
  author    = {Schweppe, Robert and Thober, Stephan and M{\"u}ller, Sebastian and Kelbling, Matthias and Kumar, Rohini and Attinger, Sabine and Samaniego, Luis},
  title     = {MPR 1.0: a stand-alone multiscale parameter regionalization tool for improved parameter estimation of land surface models},
  series = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1991-959X},
  doi       = {10.5194/gmd-15-859-2022},
  pages     = {859 -- 882},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Distributed environmental models such as land surface models (LSMs) require model parameters in each spatial modeling unit (e.g., grid cell), thereby leading to a high-dimensional parameter space. One approach to decrease the dimensionality of the parameter space in these models is to use regularization techniques. One such highly efficient technique is the multiscale parameter regionalization (MPR) framework that translates high-resolution predictor variables (e.g., soil textural properties) into model parameters (e.g., porosity) via transfer functions (TFs) and upscaling operators that are suitable for every modeled process. This framework yields seamless model parameters at multiple scales and locations in an effective manner. However, integration of MPR into existing modeling workflows has been hindered thus far by hard-coded configurations and non-modular software designs. For these reasons, we redesigned MPR as a model-agnostic, stand-alone tool. It is a useful software for creating graphs of NetCDF variables, wherein each node is a variable and the links consist of TFs and/or upscaling operators. In this study, we present and verify our tool against a previous version, which was implemented in the mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM; https://www.ufz.de/mhm, last access: 16 January 2022). By using this tool for the generation of continental-scale soil hydraulic parameters applicable to different models (Noah-MP and HTESSEL), we showcase its general functionality and flexibility. Further, using model parameters estimated by the MPR tool leads to significant changes in long-term estimates of evapotranspiration, as compared to their default parameterizations. For example, a change of up to 25 \% in long-term evapotranspiration flux is observed in Noah-MP and HTESSEL in the Mississippi River basin. We postulate that use of the stand-alone MPR tool will considerably increase the transparency and reproducibility of the parameter estimation process in distributed (environmental) models. It will also allow a rigorous uncertainty estimation related to the errors of the predictors (e.g., soil texture fields), transfer function and its parameters, and remapping (or upscaling) algorithms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DietzeBellOeztuerketal.2022,
  author    = {Dietze, Michael and Bell, Rainer and {\"O}zt{\"u}rk, Ugur and Cook, Kristen L. and Andermann, Christoff and Beer, Alexander R. and Damm, Bodo and Lucia, Ana and Fauer, Felix S. and Nissen, Katrin M. and Sieg, Tobias and Thieken, Annegret H.},
  title     = {More than heavy rain turning into fast-flowing water - a landscape perspective on the 2021 Eifel floods},
  series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1561-8633},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-22-1845-2022},
  pages     = {1845 -- 1856},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Rapidly evolving floods are rare but powerful drivers of landscape reorganisation that have severe and long-lasting impacts on both the functions of a landscape's subsystems and the affected society. The July 2021 flood that particularly hit several river catchments of the Eifel region in western Germany and Belgium was a drastic example. While media and scientists highlighted the meteorological and hydrological aspects of this flood, it was not just the rising water levels in the main valleys that posed a hazard, caused damage, and drove environmental reorganisation. Instead, the concurrent coupling of landscape elements and the wood, sediment, and debris carried by the fast-flowing water made this flood so devastating and difficult to predict. Because more intense floods are able to interact with more landscape components, they at times reveal rare non-linear feedbacks, which may be hidden during smaller events due to their high thresholds of initiation. Here, we briefly review the boundary conditions of the 14-15 July 2021 flood and discuss the emerging features that made this event different from previous floods. We identify hillslope processes, aspects of debris mobilisation, the legacy of sustained human land use, and emerging process connections and feedbacks as critical non-hydrological dimensions of the flood. With this landscape scale perspective, we develop requirements for improved future event anticipation, mitigation, and fundamental system understanding.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zeitz2022,
  author    = {Zeitz, Maria},
  title     = {Modeling the future resilience of the Greenland Ice Sheet},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56883},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-568839},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {x, 189},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Greenland Ice Sheet is the second-largest mass of ice on Earth. Being almost 2000 km long, more than 700 km wide, and more than 3 km thick at the summit, it holds enough ice to raise global sea levels by 7m if melted completely. Despite its massive size, it is particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change: temperatures over the Greenland Ice Sheet have increased by more than 2.7◦C in the past 30 years, twice as much as the global mean temperature. Consequently, the ice sheet has been significantly losing mass since the 1980s and the rate of loss has increased sixfold since then. Moreover, it is one of the potential tipping elements of the Earth System, which might undergo irreversible change once a warming threshold is exceeded. This thesis aims at extending the understanding of the resilience of the Greenland Ice Sheet against global warming by analyzing processes and feedbacks relevant to its centennial to multi-millennial stability using ice sheet modeling. One of these feedbacks, the melt-elevation-feedback is driven by the temperature rise with decreasing altitudes: As the ice sheet melts, its thickness and surface elevation decrease, exposing the ice surface to warmer air and thus increasing the melt rates even further. The glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) can partly mitigate this melt-elevation feedback as the bedrock lifts in response to an ice load decrease, forming the negative GIA feedback. In my thesis, I show that the interaction between these two competing feedbacks can lead to qualitatively different dynamical responses of the Greenland Ice Sheet to warming - from permanent loss to incomplete recovery, depending on the feedback parameters. My research shows that the interaction of those feedbacks can initiate self-sustained oscillations of the ice volume while the climate forcing remains constant. Furthermore, the increased surface melt changes the optical properties of the snow or ice surface, e.g. by lowering their albedo, which in turn enhances melt rates - a process known as the melt-albedo feedback. Process-based ice sheet models often neglect this melt-albedo feedback. To close this gap, I implemented a simplified version of the diurnal Energy Balance Model, a computationally efficient approach that can capture the first-order effects of the melt-albedo feedback, into the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). Using the coupled model, I show in warming experiments that the melt-albedo feedback almost doubles the ice loss until the year 2300 under the low greenhouse gas emission scenario RCP2.6, compared to simulations where the melt-albedo feedback is neglected, and adds up to 58\% additional ice loss under the high emission scenario RCP8.5. Moreover, I find that the melt-albedo feedback dominates the ice loss until 2300, compared to the melt-elevation feedback. Another process that could influence the resilience of the Greenland Ice Sheet is the warming induced softening of the ice and the resulting increase in flow. In my thesis, I show with PISM how the uncertainty in Glen's flow law impacts the simulated response to warming. In a flow line setup at fixed climatic mass balance, the uncertainty in flow parameters leads to a range of ice loss comparable to the range caused by different warming levels. While I focus on fundamental processes, feedbacks, and their interactions in the first three projects of my thesis, I also explore the impact of specific climate scenarios on the sea level rise contribution of the Greenland Ice Sheet. To increase the carbon budget flexibility, some warming scenarios - while still staying within the limits of the Paris Agreement - include a temporal overshoot of global warming. I show that an overshoot by 0.4◦C increases the short-term and long-term ice loss from Greenland by several centimeters. The long-term increase is driven by the warming at high latitudes, which persists even when global warming is reversed. This leads to a substantial long-term commitment of the sea level rise contribution from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Overall, in my thesis I show that the melt-albedo feedback is most relevant for the ice loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet on centennial timescales. In contrast, the melt-elevation feedback and its interplay with the GIA feedback become increasingly relevant on millennial timescales. All of these influence the resilience of the Greenland Ice Sheet against global warming, in the near future and on the long term.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LischeidWebberSommeretal.2022,
  author    = {Lischeid, Gunnar and Webber, Heidi and Sommer, Michael and Nendel, Claas and Ewert, Frank},
  title     = {Machine learning in crop yield modelling},
  series = {Agricultural and forest meteorology},
  volume    = {312},
  journal   = {Agricultural and forest meteorology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0168-1923},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108698},
  pages     = {23},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Provisioning a sufficient stable source of food requires sound knowledge about current and upcoming threats to agricultural production. To that end machine learning approaches were used to identify the prevailing climatic and soil hydrological drivers of spatial and temporal yield variability of four crops, comprising 40 years yield data each from 351 counties in Germany. Effects of progress in agricultural management and breeding were subtracted from the data prior the machine learning modelling by fitting smooth non-linear trends to the 95th percentiles of observed yield data. An extensive feature selection approach was followed then to identify the most relevant predictors out of a large set of candidate predictors, comprising various soil and meteorological data. Particular emphasis was placed on studying the uniqueness of identified key predictors. Random Forest and Support Vector Machine models yielded similar although not identical results, capturing between 50\% and 70\% of the spatial and temporal variance of silage maize, winter barley, winter rapeseed and winter wheat yield. Equally good performance could be achieved with different sets of predictors. Thus identification of the most reliable models could not be based on the outcome of the model study only but required expert's judgement. Relationships between drivers and response often exhibited optimum curves, especially for summer air temperature and precipitation. In contrast, soil moisture clearly proved less relevant compared to meteorological drivers. In view of the expected climate change both excess precipitation and the excess heat effect deserve more attention in breeding as well as in crop modelling.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{vonHippelStoofLeichsenringSchulteetal.2022,
  author    = {von Hippel, Barbara and Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. and Schulte, Luise and Seeber, Peter Andreas and Epp, Laura Saskia and Biskaborn, Boris and Diekmann, Bernhard and Melles, Martin and Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {Long-term funguseplant covariation from multi-site sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding},
  series = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal},
  volume    = {295},
  journal   = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0277-3791},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107758},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Climate change has a major impact on arctic and boreal terrestrial ecosystems as warming leads to northward treeline shifts, inducing consequences for heterotrophic organisms associated with the plant taxa. To unravel ecological dependencies, we address how long-term climatic changes have shaped the co-occurrence of plants and fungi across selected sites in Siberia. We investigated sedimentary ancient DNA from five lakes spanning the last 47,000 years, using the ITS1 marker for fungi and the chloroplast P6 loop marker for vegetation metabarcoding. We obtained 706 unique fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 243 taxa for the plants. We show higher OTU numbers in dry forest tundra as well as boreal forests compared to wet southern tundra. The most abundant fungal taxa in our dataset are Pseudeurotiaceae, Mortierella, Sordariomyceta, Exophiala, Oidiodendron, Protoventuria, Candida vartiovaarae, Pseudeurotium, Gryganskiella fimbricystis, and Tricho-sporiella cerebriformis. The overall fungal composition is explained by the plant composition as revealed by redundancy analysis. The fungal functional groups show antagonistic relationships in their climate susceptibility. The advance of woody taxa in response to past warming led to an increase in the abun-dance of mycorrhizae, lichens, and parasites, while yeast and saprotroph distribution declined. We also show co-occurrences between Salicaceae, Larix, and Alnus and their associated pathogens and detect higher mycorrhizal fungus diversity with the presence of Pinaceae. Under future warming, we can expect feedbacks between fungus composition and plant diversity changes which will affect forest advance, species diversity, and ecosystem stability in arctic regions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AndreevNazarovaLenzetal.2022,
  author    = {Andreev, Andrei and Nazarova, Larisa B. and Lenz, Marlene M. and B{\"o}hmer, Thomas and Syrykh, Ludmila and Wagner, Bernd and Melles, Martin and Pestryakova, Luidmila A. and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental reconstructions from sediments of Lake Emanda (Verkhoyansk Mountains, East Siberia)},
  series = {Journal of quaternary science : JQS},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Journal of quaternary science : JQS},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0267-8179},
  doi       = {10.1002/jqs.3419},
  pages     = {884 -- 899},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Continuous pollen and chironomid records from Lake Emanda (65 degrees 17'N, 135 degrees 45'E) provide new insights into the Late Quaternary environmental history of the Yana Highlands (Yakutia). Larch forest with shrubs (alders, pines, birches) dominated during the deposition of the lowermost sediments suggesting its Early Weichselian [Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] age. Pollen- and chironomid-based climate reconstructions suggest July temperatures (T-July) slightly lower than modern. Gradually increasing amounts of herb pollen and cold stenotherm chironomid head capsules reflect cooler and drier environments, probably during the termination of MIS 5. T-July dropped to 8 degrees C. Mostly treeless vegetation is reconstructed during MIS 3. Tundra and steppe communities dominated during MIS 2. Shrubs became common after similar to 14.5 ka BP but herb-dominated habitats remained until the onset of the Holocene. Larch forests with shrub alder and dwarf birch dominated after the Holocene onset, ca. 11.7 ka BP. Decreasing amounts of shrub pollen during the Lateglacial are assigned to the Older Dryas and Younger Dryas with T-July similar to 7.5 degrees C. T-July increased up to 13 degrees C. Shrub stone pine was present after similar to 7.5 ka BP. The vegetation has been similar to modern since ca. 5.8 ka BP. Chironomid diversity and concentration in the sediments increased towards the present day, indicating the development of richer hydrobiological communities in response to the Holocene thermal maximum.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{McMillanGnannAraki2022,
  author    = {McMillan, Hilary K. and Gnann, Sebastian J. and Araki, Ryoko},
  title     = {Large scale evaluation of relationships between hydrologic signatures and processes},
  series = {Water resources research},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Water resources research},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0043-1397},
  doi       = {10.1029/2021WR031751},
  pages     = {23},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Dominant processes in a watershed are those that most strongly control hydrologic function and response. Estimating dominant processes enables hydrologists to design physically realistic streamflow generation models, design management interventions, and understand how climate and landscape features control hydrologic function. A recent approach to estimating dominant processes is through their link to hydrologic signatures, which are metrics that characterize the streamflow timeseries. Previous authors have used results from experimental watersheds to link signature values to underlying processes, but these links have not been tested on large scales. This paper fills that gap by testing signatures in large sample data sets from the U.S., Great Britain, Australia, and Brazil, and in Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) watersheds. We found that most inter-signature correlations are consistent with process interpretations, that is, signatures that are supposed to represent the same process are correlated, and most signature values are consistent with process knowledge in CZO watersheds. Some exceptions occurred, such as infiltration and saturation excess processes that were often misidentified by signatures. Signature distributions vary by country, emphasizing the importance of regional context in understanding signature-process links and in classifying signature values as "high" or "low." Not all signatures were easily transferable from single, small watersheds to large sample studies, showing that visual or process-based assessment of signatures is important before large-scale use. We provide a summary table with information on the reliability of each signature for process identification. Overall, our results provide a reference for future studies that seek to use signatures to identify hydrological processes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PanekBřežnyHarrisonetal.2022,
  author    = {P{\´a}nek, Tom{\´a}š and Břežn{\´y}, Michal and Harrison, Stephan and Sch{\"o}nfeldt, Elisabeth and Winocur, Diego},
  title     = {Large landslides cluster at the margin of a deglaciated mountain belt},
  series = {Scientific reports},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Scientific reports},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2045-2322},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-022-09357-9},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Landslides in deglaciated and deglaciating mountains represent a major hazard, but their distribution at the spatial scale of entire mountain belts has rarely been studied. Traditional models of landslide distribution assume that landslides are concentrated in the steepest, wettest, and most tectonically active parts of the orogens, where glaciers reached their greatest thickness. However, based on mapping large landslides (>0.9 km(2)) over an unprecedentedly large area of Southern Patagonia (similar to 305,000 km(2)), we show that the distribution of landslides can have the opposite trend. We show that the largest landslides within the limits of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet (PIS) cluster along its eastern margins occupying lower, tectonically less active, and arid part of the Patagonian Andes. In contrast to the heavily glaciated, highest elevations of the mountain range, the peripheral regions have been glaciated only episodically, leaving a larger volume of unstable sedimentary and volcanic rocks that are subject to ongoing slope instability.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BizicIonescuKarnataketal.2022,
  author    = {Bizic, Mina and Ionescu, Danny and Karnatak, Rajat and Musseau, Camille L. and Onandia, Gabriela and Berger, Stella A. and Nejstgaard, Jens C. and Lischeid, Gunnar and Gessner, Mark O. and Wollrab, Sabine and Grossart, Hans-Peter},
  title     = {Land-use type temporarily affects active pond community structure but not gene expression patterns},
  series = {Molecular ecology},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Molecular ecology},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0962-1083},
  doi       = {10.1111/mec.16348},
  pages     = {1716 -- 1734},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Changes in land use and agricultural intensification threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of small water bodies. We studied 67 kettle holes (KH) in an agricultural landscape in northeastern Germany using landscape-scale metatranscriptomics to understand the responses of active bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic communities to land-use type. These KH are proxies of the millions of small standing water bodies of glacial origin spread across the northern hemisphere. Like other landscapes in Europe, the study area has been used for intensive agriculture since the 1950s. In contrast to a parallel environmental DNA study that suggests the homogenization of biodiversity across KH, conceivably resulting from long-lasting intensive agriculture, land-use type affected the structure of the active KH communities during spring crop fertilization, but not a month later. This effect was more pronounced for eukaryotes than for bacteria. In contrast, gene expression patterns did not differ between months or across land-use types, suggesting a high degree of functional redundancy across the KH communities. Variability in gene expression was best explained by active bacterial and eukaryotic community structures, suggesting that these changes in functioning are primarily driven by interactions between organisms. Our results indicate that influences of the surrounding landscape result in temporary changes in the activity of different community members. Thus, even in KH where biodiversity has been homogenized, communities continue to respond to land management. This potential needs to be considered when developing sustainable management options for restoration purposes and for successful mitigation of further biodiversity loss in agricultural landscapes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{HuberMiechielsenOttoetal.2022,
  author    = {Huber, Bettina and Miechielsen, Milena and Otto, Antje and Schmidt, Katja and Ullrich, Susann and Deppermann, Lara-Helene and Eckersley, Peter and Haupt, Wolfgang and Heidenreich, Anna and Kern, Kristine and Lipp, Torsten and Neumann, Nina and Schneider, Philipp and Sterzel, Till and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Instrumente und Maßnahmen der kommunalen Klimaanpassung},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56345},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563456},
  pages     = {XVII, 135},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {St{\"a}dte sind aufgrund ihrer Agglomeration von Bev{\"o}lkerung, Sachwerten und Infrastrukturen in besonderem Maße von extremen Wetterereignissen wie Starkregen und Hitze betroffen. Zahlreiche {\"U}berflutungsereignisse infolge von Starkregen traten in den letzten Jahren in verschiedenen Regionen Deutschlands auf und f{\"u}hrten nicht nur zu Sch{\"a}den in zwei- bis dreistelliger Millionenh{\"o}he, sondern auch zu Todesopfern. Und auch Hitzewellen, wie sie in den vergangenen Jahren vermehrt aufgetreten sind, bergen gesundheitliche Risiken, welche sich auch in verschiedenen Sch{\"a}tzungen zu Hitzetodesf{\"a}llen wiederfinden. Um diesen Risiken zu begegnen und Sch{\"a}den infolge von Wetterextremen zu reduzieren, entwickeln viele Kommunen bereits Strategien und Konzepte im Kontext der Klimaanpassung und/oder setzen Anpassungsmaßnahmen um. Neben der Entwicklung und Umsetzung eigener Ideen orientieren sich St{\"a}dte dabei u. a. an Leitf{\"a}den und Beispielen aus der Literatur, Erfahrungen aus anderen St{\"a}dten oder an Ergebnissen aus Forschungsprojekten. Dieser Lern- und Transferprozess, der eine {\"U}bertragung von Maßnahmen oder Instrumenten der Klimaanpassung von einem Ort auf einen anderen beinhaltet, ist bislang noch unzureichend erforscht und verstanden. Der vorliegende Bericht untersucht deshalb ebendiesen Lern- und Transferprozess zwischen sowie innerhalb von St{\"a}dten sowie das Transferpotenzial konkreter Wissenstransfer-Medien, Instrumente und Maßnahmen. Damit wird das Ziel verfolgt, ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis dieser Prozesse zu entwickeln und einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Transfers von kommunalen Klimaanpassungsaktivit{\"a}ten zu leisten. Der vorliegende Inhalt baut dabei auf einer vorangegangenen Analyse des Forschungsstands zum Transfer von Policies durch Haupt et al. (2021) auf und versucht, den bereits generierten Wissensstand auf der Ebene von Policies nun um die Ebene konkreter Instrumente und Maßnahmen zu erg{\"a}nzen sowie durch empirische Befunde zu ausgew{\"a}hlten Maßnahmen zu untermauern. Die Wissens- und Datengrundlage dieses Berichts umfasst einen Mix aus verschiedenen (Online)-Befragungen und Interviews mit Vertreter:innen relevanter Akteursgruppen, vor allem Vertreter:innen von Stadtverwaltungen, sowie den Erfahrungswerten der drei ExTrass-Fallstudienst{\"a}dte Potsdam, Remscheid und W{\"u}rzburg. Nach einer Einleitung besch{\"a}ftigt sich Kapitel 2 mit {\"u}bergeordneten Faktoren der {\"U}bertragbarkeit bzw. des Transfers. Kapitel 2.1 bietet hierbei eine Zusammenfassung zum aktuellen Wissensstand hinsichtlich des Transfers von Policies im Bereich der st{\"a}dtischen Klimapolitik gem{\"a}ß Haupt et al. (2021). Hier werden zentrale Kriterien f{\"u}r einen erfolgreichen Transfer herausgearbeitet, um einen Ankn{\"u}pfungspunkt f{\"u}r die folgenden Inhalte und empirischen Befunde auf der Ebene konkreter Instrumente und Maßnahmen zu bieten. Kapitel 2.2 schließt hieran an und pr{\"a}sentiert Erkenntnisse aus einer weitreichenden Kommunalbefragung. Hierbei wurde untersucht ob und welche Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen in den St{\"a}dten bereits umgesetzt werden, welche f{\"o}rdernden und hemmenden Aspekte es dabei gibt und welche Erfahrungen beim Transfer von Wissen und Ideen bereits vorliegen. Kapitel 3 untersucht die Rolle verschiedener Medien des Wissenstransfers und widmet sich dabei beispielhaft Leitf{\"a}den zur Klimaanpassung und Maßnahmensteckbriefen. Kapitel 3.1 beantwortet dabei Fragen nach der Relevanz und Zug{\"a}nglichkeit von Leitf{\"a}den, deren St{\"a}rken und Schw{\"a}chen, sowie konkreten Anforderungen vonseiten befragter Personen. Außerdem werden acht ausgew{\"a}hlte Leitf{\"a}den vorgestellt und komprimiert auf ihre Transferpotenziale hin eingesch{\"a}tzt. Kapitel 3.2 betrachtet Maßnahmensteckbriefe als Medien des Wissenstransfers und arbeitet zentrale Aspekte f{\"u}r einen praxisrelevanten inhaltlichen Aufbau heraus, um basierend darauf einen Muster-Maßnahmensteckbrief f{\"u}r Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen zu entwickeln und vorzuschlagen. Kapitel 4 besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit sehr konkreten kommunalen Erfahrungen rund um den Transfer von sieben ausgew{\"a}hlten Instrumenten und Maßnahmen und bietet zahlreiche empirische Befunde aus den Kommunen, basierend auf der Kommunalbefragung, verschiedenen Interviews und den Erfahrungen aus der Projektarbeit. Die folgenden sieben Instrumente und Maßnahmen wurden ausgew{\"a}hlt, um eine große Breite st{\"a}dtischer Klimaanpassungsaktivit{\"a}ten zu betrachten: 1) Klimafunktionskarten (Stadtklimakarten), 2) Starkregengefahrenkarten, 3) Checklisten zur Klimaanpassung in der Bauleitplanung, 4) Verbot von Schotterg{\"a}rten in Bebauungspl{\"a}nen, 5) Fassadenbegr{\"u}nungen, 6) klimaangepasste Gestaltung von Gr{\"u}n- und Freifl{\"a}chen sowie 7) Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r Betreuungseinrichtungen zum Umgang mit Hitze und Starkregen. F{\"u}r jede dieser Klimaanpassungsaktivit{\"a}ten wird auf Ebene der Kommunen Ziel, Verbreitung und Erscheinungsformen, Umsetzung anhand konkreter Beispiele, f{\"o}rdernde und hemmende Faktoren sowievorliegende Erfahrungen zu und Hinweisen auf Transfer dargestellt. Kapitel 5 schließt den vorliegenden Bericht ab, indem zentrale Transfer-Barrieren aus den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen aufgegriffen und entsprechende Empfehlungen an verschiedene Ebenen der Politik ausgesprochen werden. Diese Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung des Transfers von klimaanpassungsrelevanten Instrumenten, Strategien und Maßnahmen umfassen 1) die Verbesserung des Austauschs zwischen verschiedenen St{\"a}dten, 2) die Verbesserung der Zug{\"a}nglichkeit von Wissen und Erfahrungen, 3) die Schaffung von Vernetzungsstrukturen innerhalb von St{\"a}dten sowie 4) bestehende Wissensl{\"u}cken zu schließen. Die Autor:innen des vorliegenden Berichts hoffen, durch die vielf{\"a}ltigen Untersuchungsaspekte einen Beitrag zum besseren Verst{\"a}ndnis der Lern- und Transferprozesse und zur Verbesserung des Transfers kommunaler Klimaanpassungsaktivit{\"a}ten zu leisten.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AtharePradhanSinghetal.2022,
  author    = {Athare, Tushar Ramchandra and Pradhan, Prajal and Singh, S. R. K. and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {India consists of multiple food systems with scoioeconomic and environmental variations},
  series = {PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0270342},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Agriculture in India accounts for 18\% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uses significant land and water. Various socioeconomic factors and food subsidies influence diets in India. Indian food systems face the challenge of sustainably nourishing the 1.3 billion population. However, existing studies focus on a few food system components, and holistic analysis is still missing. We identify Indian food systems covering six food system components: food consumption, production, processing, policy, environmental footprints, and socioeconomic factors from the latest Indian household consumer expenditure survey. We identify 10 Indian food systems using k-means cluster analysis on 15 food system indicators belonging to the six components. Based on the major source of calorie intake, we classify the ten food systems into production-based (3), subsidy-based (3), and market-based (4) food systems. Home-produced and subsidized food contribute up to 2000 kcal/consumer unit (CU)/day and 1651 kcal/CU/day, respectively, in these food systems. The calorie intake of 2158 to 3530 kcal/CU/day in the food systems reveals issues of malnutrition in India. Environmental footprints are commensurate with calorie intake in the food systems. Embodied GHG, land footprint, and water footprint estimates range from 1.30 to 2.19 kg CO(2)eq/CU/day, 3.89 to 6.04 m(2)/CU/day, and 2.02 to 3.16 m(3)/CU/day, respectively. Our study provides a holistic understanding of Indian food systems for targeted nutritional interventions on household malnutrition in India while also protecting planetary health.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SiegThieken2022,
  author    = {Sieg, Tobias and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Improving flood impact estimations},
  series = {Environmental research letters},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Environmental research letters},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {1748-9326},
  doi       = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac6d6c},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {A reliable estimation of flood impacts enables meaningful flood risk management and rapid assessments of flood impacts shortly after a flood. The flood in 2021 in Central Europe and the analysis of its impacts revealed that these estimations are still inadequate. Therefore, we investigate the influence of different data sets and methods aiming to improve flood impact estimates. We estimated economic flood impacts to private households and companies for a flood event in 2013 in Germany using (a) two different flood maps, (b) two approaches to map exposed objects based on OpenStreetMap and the Basic European Asset Map, (c) two different approaches to estimate asset values, and (d) tree-based models and Stage-Damage-Functions to describe the vulnerability. At the macro scale, water masks lead to reasonable impact estimations. At the micro and meso-scale, the identification of affected objects by means of water masks is insufficient leading to unreliable estimations. The choice of exposure data sets is most influential on the estimations. We find that reliable impact estimations are feasible with reported numbers of flood-affected objects from the municipalities. We conclude that more effort should be put in the investigation of different exposure data sets and the estimation of asset values. Furthermore, we recommend the establishment of a reporting system in the municipalities for a fast identification of flood-affected objects shortly after an event.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaoTianHerzschuhetal.2022,
  author    = {Cao, Xianyong and Tian, Fang and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Ni, Jian and Xu, Qinghai and Li, Wenjia and Zhang, Yanrong and Luo, Mingyu and Chen, Fahu},
  title     = {Human activities have reduced plant diversity in eastern China over the last two millennia},
  series = {Global change biology},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Global change biology},
  number    = {16},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1354-1013},
  doi       = {10.1111/gcb.16274},
  pages     = {4962 -- 4976},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Understanding the history and regional singularities of human impact on vegetation is key to developing strategies for sustainable ecosystem management. In this study, fossil and modern pollen datasets from China are employed to investigate temporal changes in pollen composition, analogue quality, and pollen diversity during the Holocene. Anthropogenic disturbance and vegetation's responses are also assessed. Results reveal that pollen assemblages from non-forest communities fail to provide evidence of human impact for the western part of China (annual precipitation less than 400 mm and/or elevation more than 3000 m.a.s.l.), as inferred from the stable quality of modern analogues, principal components, and diversity of species and communities throughout the Holocene. For the eastern part of China, the proportion of fossil pollen spectra with good modern analogues increases from ca. 50\% to ca. 80\% during the last 2 millennia, indicating an enhanced intensity of anthropogenic disturbance on vegetation. This disturbance has caused the pollen spectra to become taxonomically less diverse over space (reduced abundances of arboreal taxa and increased abundances of herbaceous taxa), highlighting a reduced south-north differentiation and divergence from past vegetation between regions in the eastern part of China. We recommend that care is taken in eastern China when basing the development of ecosystem management strategies on vegetation changes in the region during the last 2000 years, since humans have significantly disturbed the vegetation during this period.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ZhuCottonKawaseetal.2022,
  author    = {Zhu, Chuanbin and Cotton, Fabrice and Kawase, Hiroshi and H{\"a}ndel, Annabel and Pilz, Marco and Nakano, Kenichi},
  title     = {How well can we predict earthquake site response so far?},
  series = {Earthquake spectra : the professional journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Earthquake spectra : the professional journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {8755-2930},
  doi       = {10.1177/87552930211060859},
  pages     = {1047 -- 1075},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Earthquake site responses or site effects are the modifications of surface geology to seismic waves. How well can we predict the site effects (average over many earthquakes) at individual sites so far? To address this question, we tested and compared the effectiveness of different estimation techniques in predicting the outcrop Fourier site responses separated using the general inversion technique (GIT) from recordings. Techniques being evaluated are (a) the empirical correction to the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquakes (c-HVSR), (b) one-dimensional ground response analysis (GRA), and (c) the square-root-impedance (SRI) method (also called the quarter-wavelength approach). Our results show that c-HVSR can capture significantly more site-specific features in site responses than both GRA and SRI in the aggregate, especially at relatively high frequencies. c-HVSR achieves a "good match" in spectral shape at similar to 80\%-90\% of 145 testing sites, whereas GRA and SRI fail at most sites. GRA and SRI results have a high level of parametric and/or modeling errors which can be constrained, to some extent, by collecting on-site recordings.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpoonerScheckWenderothCacaceetal.2022,
  author    = {Spooner, Cameron and Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena and Cacace, Mauro and Anikiev, Denis},
  title     = {How Alpine seismicity relates to lithospheric strength},
  series = {International journal of earth sciences},
  volume    = {111},
  journal   = {International journal of earth sciences},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin ; Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1437-3254},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00531-022-02174-5},
  pages     = {1201 -- 1221},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Despite the amount of research focussed on the Alpine orogen, different hypotheses still exist regarding varying spatial seismicity distribution patterns throughout the region. Previous measurement-constrained regional 3D models of lithospheric density distribution and thermal field facilitate the generation of a data-based rheological model of the region. In this study, we compute the long-term lithospheric strength and compare its spatial variation to observed seismicity patterns. We demonstrate how strength maxima within the crust (similar to 1 GPa) and upper mantle (> 2 GPa) occur at temperatures characteristic of the onset of crystal plasticity in those rocks (crust: 200-400 degrees C; mantle: similar to 600 degrees C), with almost all seismicity occurring in these regions. Correlation in the northern and southern forelands between crustal and lithospheric strengths and seismicity show different patterns of event distribution, reflecting their different tectonic settings. Seismicity in the plate boundary setting of the southern foreland corresponds to the integrated lithospheric strength, occurring mainly in the weaker domains surrounding the strong Adriatic plate. In the intraplate setting of the northern foreland, seismicity correlates to modelled crustal strength, and it mainly occurs in the weaker and warmer crust beneath the Upper Rhine Graben. We, therefore, suggest that seismicity in the upper crust is linked to weak crustal domains, which are more prone to localise deformation promoting failure and, depending on the local properties of the fault, earthquakes at relatively lower levels of accumulated stress than their neighbouring stronger counterparts. Upper mantle seismicity at depths greater than modelled brittle conditions, can be either explained by embrittlement of the mantle due to grain-size sensitive deformation within domains of active or recent slab cooling, or by dissipative weakening mechanisms, such as thermal runaway from shear heating and/or dehydration reactions within an overly ductile mantle. Results generated in this study are available for open access use to further discussions on the region.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiPostlBoehmeretal.2022,
  author    = {Li, Chenzhi and Postl, Alexander K. and B{\"o}hmer, Thomas and Cao, Xianyong and Dolman, Andrew M. and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {Harmonized chronologies of a global late Quaternary pollen dataset (LegacyAge 1.0)},
  series = {Earth system science data : ESSD},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Earth system science data : ESSD},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Copernics Publications},
  address   = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
  issn      = {1866-3508},
  doi       = {10.5194/essd-14-1331-2022},
  pages     = {1331 -- 1343},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {We present a chronology framework named LegacyAge 1.0 containing harmonized chronologies for 2831 pollen records (downloaded from the Neotoma Paleoecology Database and the supplementary Asian datasets) together with their age control points and metadata in machine-readable data formats. All chronologies use the Bayesian framework implemented in Bacon version 2.5.3. Optimal parameter settings of priors (accumulation.shape, memory.strength, memory.mean, accumulation.rate, and thickness) were identified based on information in the original publication or iteratively after preliminary model inspection. The most common control points for the chronologies are radiocarbon dates (86.1 \%), calibrated by the latest calibration curves (IntCal20 and SHCal20 for the terrestrial radiocarbon dates in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere and Marine20 for marine materials). The original publications were consulted when dealing with outliers and inconsistencies. Several major challenges when setting up the chronologies included the waterline issue (18.8\% of records), reservoir effect (4.9 \%), and sediment deposition discontinuity (4.4 \%). Finally, we numerically compare the LegacyAge 1.0 chronologies to those published in the original publications and show that the reliability of the chronologies of 95.4\% of records could be improved according to our assessment. Our chronology framework and revised chronologies provide the opportunity to make use of the ages and age uncertainties in synthesis studies of, for example, pollen-based vegetation and climate change. The LegacyAge 1.0 dataset, including metadata, datings, harmonized chronologies, and R code used, is openaccess and available at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933132; Li et al., 2021) and Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5815192; Li et al., 2022), respectively.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerSchuelerZechetal.2022,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Sebastian and Sch{\"u}ler, Lennart and Zech, Alraune and Heße, Falk},
  title     = {GSTools v1.3: a toolbox for geostatistical modelling in Python},
  series = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Geoscientific model development : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1991-959X},
  doi       = {10.5194/gmd-15-3161-2022},
  pages     = {3161 -- 3182},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Geostatistics as a subfield of statistics accounts for the spatial correlations encountered in many applications of, for example, earth sciences. Valuable information can be extracted from these correlations, also helping to address the often encountered burden of data scarcity. Despite the value of additional data, the use of geostatistics still falls short of its potential. This problem is often connected to the lack of user-friendly software hampering the use and application of geostatistics. We therefore present GSTools, a Python-based software suite for solving a wide range of geostatistical problems. We chose Python due to its unique balance between usability, flexibility, and efficiency and due to its adoption in the scientific community. GSTools provides methods for generating random fields; it can perform kriging, variogram estimation and much more. We demonstrate its abilities by virtue of a series of example applications detailing their use.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BryantMcGrathBoudreault2022,
  author    = {Bryant, Seth and McGrath, Heather and Boudreault, Mathieu},
  title     = {Gridded flood depth estimates from satellite-derived inundations},
  series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {European Geophysical Society},
  address   = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
  issn      = {1561-8633},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-22-1437-2022},
  pages     = {1437 -- 1450},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Canada's RADARSAT missions improve the potential to study past flood events; however, existing tools to derive flood depths from this remote-sensing data do not correct for errors, leading to poor estimates. To provide more accurate gridded depth estimates of historical flooding, a new tool is proposed that integrates Height Above Nearest Drainage and Cost Allocation algorithms. This tool is tested against two trusted, hydraulically derived, gridded depths of recent floods in Canada. This validation shows the proposed tool outperforms existing tools and can provide more accurate estimates from minimal data without the need for complex physics-based models or expert judgement. With improvements in remote-sensing data, the tool proposed here can provide flood researchers and emergency managers accurate depths in near-real time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Krummenauer2022,
  author    = {Krummenauer, Linda},
  title     = {Global heat adaptation among urban populations and its evolution under different climate futures},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55929},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-559294},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xix, 161},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Heat and increasing ambient temperatures under climate change represent a serious threat to human health in cities. Heat exposure has been studied extensively at a global scale. Studies comparing a defined temperature threshold with the future daytime temperature during a certain period of time, had concluded an increase in threat to human health. Such findings however do not explicitly account for possible changes in future human heat adaptation and might even overestimate heat exposure. Thus, heat adaptation and its development is still unclear. Human heat adaptation refers to the local temperature to which populations are adjusted to. It can be inferred from the lowest point of the U- or V-shaped heat-mortality relationship (HMR), the Minimum Mortality Temperature (MMT). While epidemiological studies inform on the MMT at the city scale for case studies, a general model applicable at the global scale to infer on temporal change in MMTs had not yet been realised. The conventional approach depends on data availability, their robustness, and on the access to daily mortality records at the city scale. Thorough analysis however must account for future changes in the MMT as heat adaptation happens partially passively. Human heat adaptation consists of two aspects: (1) the intensity of the heat hazard that is still tolerated by human populations, meaning the heat burden they can bear and (2) the wealth-induced technological, social and behavioural measures that can be employed to avoid heat exposure. The objective of this thesis is to investigate and quantify human heat adaptation among urban populations at a global scale under the current climate and to project future adaptation under climate change until the end of the century. To date, this has not yet been accomplished. The evaluation of global heat adaptation among urban populations and its evolution under climate change comprises three levels of analysis. First, using the example of Germany, the MMT is calculated at the city level by applying the conventional method. Second, this thesis compiles a data pool of 400 urban MMTs to develop and train a new model capable of estimating MMTs on the basis of physical and socio-economic city characteristics using multivariate non-linear multivariate regression. The MMT is successfully described as a function of the current climate, the topography and the socio-economic standard, independently of daily mortality data for cities around the world. The city-specific MMT estimates represents a measure of human heat adaptation among the urban population. In a final third analysis, the model to derive human heat adaptation was adjusted to be driven by projected climate and socio-economic variables for the future. This allowed for estimation of the MMT and its change for 3 820 cities worldwide for different combinations of climate trajectories and socio-economic pathways until 2100. The knowledge on the evolution of heat adaptation in the future is a novelty as mostly heat exposure and its future development had been researched. In this work, changes in heat adaptation and exposure were analysed jointly. A wide range of possible health-related outcomes up to 2100 was the result, of which two scenarios with the highest socio-economic developments but opposing strong warming levels were highlighted for comparison. Strong economic growth based upon fossil fuel exploitation is associated with a high gain in heat adaptation, but may not be able to compensate for the associated negative health effects due to increased heat exposure in 30\% to 40\% of the cities investigated caused by severe climate change. A slightly less strong, but sustainable growth brings moderate gains in heat adaptation but a lower heat exposure and exposure reductions in 80\% to 84\% of the cities in terms of frequency (number of days exceeding the MMT) and intensity (magnitude of the MMT exceedance) due to a milder global warming. Choosing a 2 ° C compatible development by 2100 would therefore lower the risk of heat-related mortality at the end of the century. In summary, this thesis makes diverse and multidisciplinary contributions to a deeper understanding of human adaptation to heat under the current and the future climate. It is one of the first studies to carry out a systematic and statistical analysis of urban characteristics which are useful as MMT drivers to establish a generalised model of human heat adaptation, applicable at the global level. A broad range of possible heat-related health options for various future scenarios was shown for the first time. This work is of relevance for the assessment of heat-health impacts in regions where mortality data are not accessible or missing. The results are useful for health care planning at the meso- and macro-level and to urban- and climate change adaptation planning. Lastly, beyond having met the posed objective, this thesis advances research towards a global future impact assessment of heat on human health by providing an alternative method of MMT estimation, that is spatially and temporally flexible in its application.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BauerBoersigPhametal.2022,
  author    = {Bauer, Jonas and B{\"o}rsig, Nicolas and Pham, Van Cam and Hoan, Tran Viet and Nguyen, Ha Thi and Norra, Stefan},
  title     = {Geochemistry and evolution of groundwater resources in the context of salinization and freshening in the southernmost Mekong Delta, Vietnam},
  series = {Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2214-5818},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101010},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Study region: Ca Mau Province (CMP), Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam. Study focus: Groundwater from deep aquifers is the most reliable source of freshwater in the MD but extensive overexploitation in the last decades led to the drop of hydraulic heads and negative environmental impacts. Therefore, a comprehensive groundwater investigation was conducted to evaluate its composition in the context of Quaternary marine transgression and regression cycles, geochemical processes as well as groundwater extraction. New hydrological insights for the region: The abundance of groundwater of Na-HCO3 type and distinct ion ratios, such as Na+/Cl-, indicate extensive freshwater intrusion in an initially saline hydrogeological system, with decreasing intensity from upper Pleistocene to deeper Miocene aquifers, most likely during the last marine regression phase 60-12 ka BP. Deviations from the conservative mixing line between the two endmembers seawater and freshwater are attributed to ion-exchange processes on mineral surfaces, making ion ratios in combination with a customized water type analysis a useful tool to distinguish between salinization and freshening processes. Elevated salinity in some areas is attributed to HCO3- generation by organic matter decomposition in marine sediments rather than to seawater intrusion. Nevertheless, a few randomly distributed locations show strong evidence of recent salinization in an early stage, which may be caused by the downwards migration of saline Holocene groundwater through natural and anthropogenic pathways into deep aquifers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SiegmundPanebiancoAvecillaetal.2022,
  author    = {Siegmund, Nicole and Panebianco, Juan E. and Avecilla, Fernando and Iturri, Laura Antonela and Sommer, Michael and Buschiazzo, Daniel and Funk, Roger},
  title     = {From gustiness to dustiness},
  series = {Atmosphere},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Atmosphere},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2073-4433},
  doi       = {10.3390/atmos13081173},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This study delivers the first empirical data-driven analysis of the impact of turbulence induced gustiness on the fine dust emissions from a measuring field. For quantification of the gust impact, a new measure, the Gust uptake Efficiency (GuE) is introduced. GuE provides a percentage of over- or under-proportional dust uptake due to gust activity during a wind event. For the three analyzed wind events, GuE values of up to 150\% could be found, yet they significantly differed per particle size class with a tendency for lower values for smaller particles. In addition, a high-resolution correlation analysis among 31 particle size classes and wind speed was conducted; it revealed strong negative correlation coefficients for very small particles and positive correlations for bigger particles, where 5 mu m appears to be an empirical threshold dividing both directions. We conclude with a number of suggestions for further investigations: an optimized field experiment setup, a new particle size ratio (PM1/PM0.5 in addition to PM10/PM2.5), as well as a comprehensive data-driven search for an optimal wind gust definition in terms of soil erosivity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoubenPujadesKalbacheretal.2022,
  author    = {Houben, Timo and Pujades, Estanislao and Kalbacher, Thomas and Dietrich, Peter and Attinger, Sabine},
  title     = {From dynamic groundwater level measurements to regional aquifer parameters - assessing the power of spectral analysis},
  series = {Water resources research},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Water resources research},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0043-1397},
  doi       = {10.1029/2021WR031289},
  pages     = {22},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Large-scale groundwater models are required to estimate groundwater availability and to inform water management strategies on the national scale. However, parameterization of large-scale groundwater models covering areas of major river basins and more is challenging due to the lack of observational data and the mismatch between the scales of modeling and measurements. In this work, we propose to bridge the scale gap and derive regional hydraulic parameters by spectral analysis of groundwater level fluctuations. We hypothesize that specific locations in aquifers can reveal regional parameters of the hydraulic system. We first generate ensembles of synthetic but realistic aquifers which systematically differ in complexity. Applying Liang and Zhang's (2013), , semi-analytical solution for the spectrum of hydraulic head time series, we identify for each ensemble member and at different locations representative aquifer parameters. Next, we extend our study to investigate the use of spectral analysis in more complex numerical models and in real settings. Our analyses indicate that the variance of inferred effective transmissivity and storativity values for stochastic aquifer ensembles is small for observation points which are far away from the Dirichlet boundary. Moreover, the head time series has to cover a period which is roughly 10 times as long as the characteristic time of the aquifer. In deterministic aquifer models we infer equivalent, regionally valid parameters. A sensitivity analysis further reveals that as long as the aquifer length and the position of the groundwater measurement location is roughly known, the parameters can be robustly estimated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulteLiLisovskietal.2022,
  author    = {Schulte, Luise and Li, Chenzhi and Lisovski, Simeon and Herzschuh, Ulrike},
  title     = {Forest-permafrost feedbacks and glacial refugia help explain the unequal distribution of larch across continents},
  series = {Journal of biogeography},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Journal of biogeography},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0305-0270},
  doi       = {10.1111/jbi.14456},
  pages     = {1825 -- 1838},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Aim: The continental-scale distribution of plant functional types, such as evergreen and summergreen needle-leaf forest, is assumed to be determined by contemporary climate. However, the distribution of summergreen needle-leaf forest of larch (Larix Mill.) differs markedly between the continents, despite relatively similar climatic conditions. The reasons for these differences are little understood. Our aim is to identify potential triggers and drivers of the current distribution patterns by comparing species' bioclimatic niches, glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization patterns. Location: Northern hemisphere. Taxon: Species of the genus Larix (Mill.). Methods: We compare species distribution and dominance using species ranges and sites of dominance, as well as their occurrence on modelled permafrost extent, and active layer thickness (ALT). We compare the bioclimatic niches and calculate the niche overlap between species, using the same data in addition to modern climate data. We synthesize pollen, macrofossil and ancient DNA palaeo-evidence of past Larix occurrences of the last 60,000 years and track differences in distribution patterns through time. Results: Bioclimatic niches show large overlaps between Asian larch species and American Larix laricina. The distribution across various degrees of permafrost extent is distinctly different for Asian L. gmelinii and L. cajanderi compared to the other species, whereas the distribution on different depths of ALT is more similar among Asian and American species. Northern glacial refugia for Larix are only present in eastern Asia and Alaska. Main Conclusion: The dominance of summergreen larches in Asia, where evergreen conifers dominate most of the rest of the boreal forests, is dependent on the interaction of several factors which allows Asian L. gmelinii and L. cajanderi to dominate where these factors coincide. These factors include the early postglacial spread out of northern glacial refugia in the absence of competitors as well as a positive feedback mechanism between frozen ground and forest.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MiesnerHerzschuhPestryakovaetal.2022,
  author    = {Miesner, Timon and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna and Wieczorek, Mareike and Zakharov, Evgenii S. and Kolmogorov, Alexei I. and Davydova, Paraskovya V. and Kruse, Stefan},
  title     = {Forest structure and individual tree inventories of northeastern Siberia along climatic gradients},
  series = {Earth system science data : ESSD},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Earth system science data : ESSD},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1866-3508},
  doi       = {10.5194/essd-14-5695-2022},
  pages     = {5695 -- 5716},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {We compile a data set of forest surveys from expeditions to the northeast of the Russian Federation, in Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (59-73 degrees N, 97-169 degrees E), performed between the years 2011 and 2021. The region is characterized by permafrost soils and forests dominated by larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr. and Larix cajanderi Mayr). Our data set consists of a plot database describing 226 georeferenced vegetation survey plots and a tree database with information about all the trees on these plots. The tree database, consisting of two tables with the same column names, contains information on the height, species, and vitality of 40 289 trees. A subset of the trees was subject to a more detailed inventory, which recorded the stem diameter at base and at breast height, crown diameter, and height of the beginning of the crown. We recorded heights up to 28.5 m (median 2.5 m) and stand densities up to 120 000 trees per hectare (median 1197 ha(-1)), with both values tending to be higher in the more southerly areas. Observed taxa include Larix Mill., Pinus L., Picea A. Dietr., Abies Mill., Salix L., Betula L., Populus L., Alnus Mill., and Ulmus L. In this study, we present the forest inventory data aggregated per plot. Additionally, we connect the data with different remote sensing data products to find out how accurately forest structure can be predicted from such products. Allometries were calculated to obtain the diameter from height measurements for every species group. For Larix, the most frequent of 10 species groups, allometries depended also on the stand density, as denser stands are characterized by thinner trees, relative to height. The remote sensing products used to compare against the inventory data include climate, forest biomass, canopy height, and forest loss or disturbance. We find that the forest metrics measured in the field can only be reconstructed from the remote sensing data to a limited extent, as they depend on local properties. This illustrates the need for ground inventories like those data we present here. The data can be used for studying the forest structure of northeastern Siberia and for the calibration and validation of remotely sensed data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{SamprognaMohor2022,
  author    = {Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme},
  title     = {Exploring the transferability of flood loss models across flood types},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55714},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-557141},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {XXIV, 182},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The estimation of financial losses is an integral part of flood risk assessment. The application of existing flood loss models on locations or events different from the ones used to train the models has led to low performance, showing that characteristics of the flood damaging process have not been sufficiently well represented yet. To improve flood loss model transferability, I explore various model structures aiming at incorporating different (inland water) flood types and pathways. That is based on a large survey dataset of approximately 6000 flood-affected households which addresses several aspects of the flood event, not only the hazard characteristics but also information on the affected building, socioeconomic factors, the household's preparedness level, early warning, and impacts. Moreover, the dataset reports the coincidence of different flood pathways. Whilst flood types are a classification of flood events reflecting their generating process (e.g. fluvial, pluvial), flood pathways represent the route the water takes to reach the receptors (e.g. buildings). In this work, the following flood pathways are considered: levee breaches, river floods, surface water floods, and groundwater floods. The coincidence of several hazard processes at the same time and place characterises a compound event. In fact, many flood events develop through several pathways, such as the ones addressed in the survey dataset used. Earlier loss models, although developed with one or multiple predictor variables, commonly use loss data from a single flood event which is attributed to a single flood type, disregarding specific flood pathways or the coincidence of multiple pathways. This gap is addressed by this thesis through the following research questions: 1. In which aspects do flood pathways of the same (compound inland) flood event differ? 2. How much do factors which contribute to the overall flood loss in a building differ in various settings, specifically across different flood pathways? 3. How well can Bayesian loss models learn from different settings? 4. Do compound, that is, coinciding flood pathways result in higher losses than a single pathway, and what does the outcome imply for future loss modelling? Statistical analysis has found that households affected by different flood pathways also show, in general, differing characteristics of the affected building, preparedness, and early warning, besides the hazard characteristics. Forecasting and early warning capabilities and the preparedness of the population are dominated by the general flood type, but characteristics of the hazard at the object-level, the impacts, and the recovery are more related to specific flood pathways, indicating that risk communication and loss models could benefit from the inclusion of flood-pathway-specific information. For the development of the loss model, several potentially relevant predictors are analysed: water depth, duration, velocity, contamination, early warning lead time, perceived knowledge about self-protection, warning information, warning source, gap between warning and action, emergency measures, implementation of property-level precautionary measures (PLPMs), perceived efficacy of PLPMs, previous flood experience, awareness of flood risk, ownership, building type, number of flats, building quality, building value, house/flat area, building area, cellar, age, household size, number of children, number of elderly residents, income class, socioeconomic status, and insurance against floods. After a variable selection, descriptors of the hazard, building, and preparedness were deemed significant, namely: water depth, contamination, duration, velocity, building area, building quality, cellar, PLPMs, perceived efficacy of PLPMs, emergency measures, insurance, and previous flood experience. The inclusion of the indicators of preparedness is relevant, as they are rarely involved in loss datasets and in loss modelling, although previous studies have shown their potential in reducing losses. In addition, the linear model fit indicates that the explanatory factors are, in several cases, differently relevant across flood pathways. Next, Bayesian multilevel models were trained, which intrinsically incorporate uncertainties and allow for partial pooling (i.e. different groups of data, such as households affected by different flood pathways, can learn from each other), increasing the statistical power of the model. A new variable selection was performed for this new model approach, reducing the number of predictors from twelve to seven variables but keeping factors of the hazard, building, and preparedness, namely: water depth, contamination, duration, building area, PLPMs, insurance, and previous flood experience. The new model was trained not only across flood pathways but also across regions of Germany, divided according to general socioeconomic factors and insurance policies, and across flood events. The distinction across regions and flood events did not improve loss modelling and led to a large overlap of regression coefficients, with no clear trend or pattern. The distinction of flood pathways showed credibly distinct regression coefficients, leading to a better understanding of flood loss modelling and indicating one potential reason why model transferability has been challenging. Finally, new model structures were trained to include the possibility of compound inland floods (i.e. when multiple flood pathways coincide on the same affected asset). The dataset does not allow for verifying in which sequence the flood pathway waves occurred and predictor variables reflect only their mixed or combined outcome. Thus, two Bayesian models were trained: 1. a multi-membership model, a structure which learns the regression coefficients for multiple flood pathways at the same time, and 2. a multilevel model wherein the combination of coinciding flood pathways makes individual categories. The multi-membership model resulted in credibly different coefficients across flood pathways but did not improve model performance in comparison to the model assuming only a single dominant flood pathway. The model with combined categories signals an increase in impacts after compound floods, but due to the uncertainty in model coefficients and estimates, it is not possible to ascertain such an increase as credible. That is, with the current level of uncertainty in differentiating the flood pathways, the loss estimates are not credibly distinct from individual flood pathways. To overcome the challenges faced, non-linear or mixed models could be explored in the future. Interactions, moderation, and mediation effects, as well as non-linear effects, should also be further studied. Loss data collection should regularly include preparedness indicators, and either data collection or hydraulic modelling should focus on the distinction of coinciding flood pathways, which could inform loss models and further improve estimates. Flood pathways show distinct (financial) impacts, and their inclusion in loss modelling proves relevant, for it helps in clarifying the different contribution of influencing factors to the final loss, improving understanding of the damaging process, and indicating future lines of research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YadavSenMaoetal.2022,
  author    = {Yadav, Anshul and Sen, Sumit and Mao, Luca and Schwanghart, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Evaluation of flow resistance equations for high gradient rivers using geometric standard deviation of bed material},
  series = {Journal of hydrology},
  volume    = {605},
  journal   = {Journal of hydrology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0022-1694},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127292},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {A dataset of 2184 field measurements reported in the literature was used to evaluate the predictive capability of eight conventional flow resistance equations to predict the mean flow velocity in gravel-bed rivers. The results reveal considerable disagreement with the observed flow velocities for relative submergence less than 4 and for the non-uniformity of the bed material greater than 7.5 for all the equations. However, the predictions made using the Smart and Jaggi (1983), Ferguson (2007), and Rickenmann and Recking (2011) equations were closer to the observed values. Furthermore, bedload sediment transport also reduces the predictive capability of the equations considered in this study except for the Recking et al. (2008) equation, which was developed consid- ering active bedload transport. The performance of flow resistance equations improves when corrected by considering the geometric standard deviation of the bed material. Here we present an empirical approach using the whole dataset and its subsets for accounting for the additional energy losses occurring due to the wake vortices, spill losses, and free surface instabilities occurring due to the protrusions from the bed. The results obtained using the validation dataset shows the importance and usefulness of this approach to account for the additional energy losses, especially for the Strickler (1923) and Keulegan (1938) equations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Burgold2022,
  author    = {Burgold, Julia},
  title     = {Erfahrung und Reflexion von Obdachlosigkeit},
  series = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis},
  number    = {18},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-541-5},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55393},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-553932},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {342},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeit gibt einen Einblick in die Verst{\"a}ndigungspraxen bei Stadtf{\"u}hrungen mit (ehemaligen) Obdachlosen, die in ihrem Selbstverst{\"a}ndnis auf die Herstellung von Verst{\"a}ndnis, Toleranz und Anerkennung f{\"u}r von Obdachlosigkeit betroffene Personen zielen. Zun{\"a}chst wird in den Diskurs des Slumtourismus eingef{\"u}hrt und, angesichts der Vielfalt der damit verbundenen Erscheinungsformen, Slumming als organisierte Begegnung mit sozialer Ungleichheit definiert. Die zentralen Diskurslinien und die darin eingewobenen moralischen Positionen werden nachvollzogen und im Rahmen der eigenommenen wissenssoziologischen Perspektive als Ausdruck einer per se polykontexturalen Praxis re-interpretiert. Slumming erscheint dann als eine organisierte Begegnung von Lebensformen, die sich in einer Weise fremd sind, als dass ein unmittelbares Verstehen unwahrscheinlich erscheint und genau aus diesem Grund auf der Basis von g{\"a}ngigen Interpretationen des Common Sense ausgehandelt werden muss. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit, wie sich Teilnehmer und Stadtf{\"u}hrer {\"u}ber die Erfahrung der Obdachlosigkeit praktisch verst{\"a}ndigen und welcher Art das hier{\"u}ber erzeugte Verst{\"a}ndnis f{\"u}r die im {\"o}ffentlichen Diskurs mit vielf{\"a}ltigen stigmatisierenden Zuschreibungen versehenen Obdachlosen ist. Dabei interessiert besonders, in Bezug auf welche Aspekte der Erfahrung von Obdachlosigkeit ein gemeinsames Verst{\"a}ndnis m{\"o}glich wird und an welchen Stellen dieses an Grenzen ger{\"a}t. Dazu wurden die Gespr{\"a}chsverl{\"a}ufe auf neun Stadtf{\"u}hrungen mit (ehemaligen) obdachlosen Stadtf{\"u}hrern unterschiedlicher Anbieter im deutschsprachigen Raum verschriftlicht und mit dem Verfahren der Dokumentarischen Methode ausgewertet. Die vergleichende Betrachtung der Verst{\"a}ndigungspraxen er{\"o}ffnet nicht zuletzt eine differenzierte Perspektive auf die in den Prozessen der Verst{\"a}ndigung immer schon eingewobenen Anerkennungspraktiken. Mit Blick auf die moralische Debatte um organisierte Begegnungen mit sozialer Ungleichheit wird dadurch eine ethische Perspektive angeregt, in deren Zentrum Fragen zur Vermittlungsarbeit stehen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Lorenz2022,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Lorenz, Theo},
  title     = {Entwicklung eines Konzepts zur Umsetzung des SAMR-Modells im Geographieunterricht},
  series = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis},
  journal   = {Potsdamer Geographische Praxis},
  number    = {17},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-540-8},
  issn      = {2194-1599},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-53846},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-538462},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {87},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die Gesellschaft befindet sich l{\"a}ngst in einem digitalen Transformationsprozess. Alle gesellschaftlichen Bereiche ver{\"a}ndern sich. Man spricht von einer Kultur der Digitalit{\"a}t, die den Leitmedienwechsel vom gedruckten Buch hin zum vernetzten digitalen Endger{\"a}t beschreibt. Auch die Institution „Schule" muss sich diesem Wandel {\"o}ffnen. Einen wesentlichen Schritt stellt das Strategiepapier der Kultusministerkonferenz „Bildung in der digitalen Welt" aus dem Jahr 2017 dar. Darin legt sie die wesentlichen Handlungsfelder zu einem digitalen Wandel fest und erweitert den Bildungsauftrag um die „Kompetenzen in der digitalen Welt". Das sog. SAMR-Modell stellt dabei ein geeignetes Umsetzungs- und Reflektionswerkzeug f{\"u}r den Einsatz digitaler Medien dar. Es strukturiert den Einsatz auf vier Stufen. Die beiden unteren Stufen (Substitution und Augmentation) schreiben der Art und Weise, wie die digitalen Medien genutzt werden, eine Ersatz- oder Verbesserungsfunktion des analogen Lernwerkzeuges zu. Ziel des Modells ist es aber, mithilfe hinzugewonnener digitaler M{\"o}glichkeiten, Lernen neu zu gestalten. Da das Modell aus den USA stammt, weist es weder direkten Bez{\"u}ge zum Strategiepapier der Kultusministerkonferenz noch zu den Bildungsstandards der Geographie auf. Diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit stellt diese Bez{\"u}ge her. Ziel ist es, auf der Grundlage des SAMR-Modells ein Handlungskonzept f{\"u}r Geographielehrkr{\"a}fte zu entwickeln. Es zeigt auf, wie sie sowohl fachliche Kompetenzen als auch Kompetenzen in der digitalen Welt systematisch bei den Lernenden f{\"o}rdern k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Vogel2022,
  author    = {Vogel, Johannes},
  title     = {Drivers of phenological changes in southern Europe},
  series = {International Journal of Biometeorology},
  volume    = {66},
  journal   = {International Journal of Biometeorology},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0020-7128},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00484-022-02331-0},
  pages     = {1903 -- 1914},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The life cycle of plants is largely determined by climate, which renders phenological responses to climate change a highly suitable bioindicator of climate change. Yet, it remains unclear, which are the key drivers of phenological patterns at certain life stages. Furthermore, the varying responses of species belonging to different plant functional types are not fully understood. In this study, the role of temperature and precipitation as environmental drivers of phenological changes in southern Europe is assessed. The trends of the phenophases leaf unfolding, flowering, fruiting, and senescence are quantified, and the corresponding main environmental drivers are identified. A clear trend towards an earlier onset of leaf unfolding, flowering, and fruiting is detected, while there is no clear pattern for senescence. In general, the advancement of leaf unfolding, flowering and fruiting is smaller for deciduous broadleaf trees in comparison to deciduous shrubs and crops. Many broadleaf trees are photoperiod-sensitive; therefore, their comparatively small phenological advancements are likely the effect of photoperiod counterbalancing the impact of increasing temperatures. While temperature is identified as the main driver of phenological changes, precipitation also plays a crucial role in determining the onset of leaf unfolding and flowering. Phenological phases advance under dry conditions, which can be linked to the lack of transpirational cooling leading to rising temperatures, which subsequently accelerate plant growth.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schwanghart2022,
  author    = {Schwanghart, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Digital elevation model analysis in geomorphology and natural hazards research},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schumacher2022,
  author    = {Schumacher, Juliane},
  title     = {Die Regierung des Waldes},
  series = {Sozial- und Kulturgeographie},
  journal   = {Sozial- und Kulturgeographie},
  number    = {50},
  publisher = {transcript},
  address   = {Bielefeld},
  isbn      = {978-3-8376-6151-4},
  issn      = {2703-1640},
  doi       = {10.1515/9783839461518},
  pages     = {347},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Wie ver{\"a}ndert sich die Beziehung von Gesellschaften zu ihrer nat{\"u}rlichen Umgebung {\"u}ber die Zeit? Wie werden nat{\"u}rliche Systeme »in Wert« gesetzt? Und welchen Einfluss hat das auf die von uns so bezeichnete »Natur«? Am Beispiel eines Korkeichenwaldes in Marokko geht Juliane Schumacher diesen Fragen nach. Unter Bezugnahme auf Ans{\"a}tze der Politischen {\"O}kologie, der Science and Technology Studies und Foucaults Gouvernementalit{\"a}tsanalyse zeigt sie, wie sich seit der Kolonialzeit die Bewirtschaftung des Waldes ver{\"a}ndert hat. Dabei wird deutlich, wie Programme zur Integration der W{\"a}lder in globale Finanz- und Kohlenstoffm{\"a}rkte zu neuen, experimentellen Formen der »Regierung des Waldes« f{\"u}hren.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KawaCucchiRubinetal.2022,
  author    = {Kawa, Nura and Cucchi, Karina and Rubin, Yoram and Attinger, Sabine and Hesse, Falk},
  title     = {Defining Hydrogeological Site Similarity with Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering},
  series = {Groundwater : journal of the Association of Ground-Water Scientists and Engineers, a division of the National Ground Water Association},
  journal   = {Groundwater : journal of the Association of Ground-Water Scientists and Engineers, a division of the National Ground Water Association},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0017-467X},
  doi       = {10.1111/gwat.13261},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Hydrogeological information about an aquifer is difficult and costly to obtain, yet essential for the efficient management of groundwater resources. Transferring information from sampled sites to a specific site of interest can provide information when site-specific data is lacking. Central to this approach is the notion of site similarity, which is necessary for determining relevant sites to include in the data transfer process. In this paper, we present a data-driven method for defining site similarity. We apply this method to selecting groups of similar sites from which to derive prior distributions for the Bayesian estimation of hydraulic conductivity measurements at sites of interest. We conclude that there is now a unique opportunity to combine hydrogeological expertise with data-driven methods to improve the predictive ability of stochastic hydrogeological models.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoenfeldtWinocurPaneketal.2022,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}nfeldt, Elisabeth and Winocur, Diego and P{\´a}nek, Tom{\´a}š and Korup, Oliver},
  title     = {Deep learning reveals one of Earth's largest landslide terrain in Patagonia},
  series = {Earth \& planetary science letters},
  volume    = {593},
  journal   = {Earth \& planetary science letters},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0012-821X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117642},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Hundreds of basaltic plateau margins east of the Patagonian Cordillera are undermined by numerous giant slope failures. However, the overall extent of this widespread type of plateau collapse remains unknown and incompletely captured in local maps. To detect giant slope failures consistently throughout the region, we train two convolutional neural networks (CNNs), AlexNet and U-Net, with Sentinel-2 optical data and TanDEM-X topographic data on elevation, surface roughness, and curvature. We validated the performance of these CNNs with independent testing data and found that AlexNet performed better when learned on topographic data, and UNet when learned on optical data. AlexNet predicts a total landslide area of 12,000 km2 in a study area of 450,000 km2, and thus one of Earth's largest clusters of giant landslides. These are mostly lateral spreads and rotational failures in effusive rocks, particularly eroding the margins of basaltic plateaus; some giant landslides occurred along shores of former glacial lakes, but are least prevalent in Quaternary sedimentary rocks. Given the roughly comparable topographic, climatic, and seismic conditions in our study area, we infer that basalts topping weak sedimentary rocks may have elevated potential for large-scale slope failure. Judging from the many newly detected and previously unknown landslides, we conclude that CNNs can be a valuable tool to detect large-scale slope instability at the regional scale. However, visual inspection is still necessary to validate results and correctly outline individual landslide source and deposit areas.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiuSobolevBabeykoetal.2022,
  author    = {Liu, Sibiao and Sobolev, Stephan and Babeyko, Andrey and Pons, Micha{\"e}l},
  title     = {Controls of the foreland deformation pattern in the orogen-foreland shortening system},
  series = {Tectonics},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Tectonics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0278-7407},
  doi       = {10.1029/2021TC007121},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Controls on the deformation pattern (shortening mode and tectonic style) of orogenic forelands during lithospheric shortening remain poorly understood. Here, we use high-resolution 2D thermomechanical models to demonstrate that orogenic crustal thickness and foreland lithospheric thickness significantly control the shortening mode in the foreland. Pure-shear shortening occurs when the orogenic crust is not thicker than the foreland crust or thick, but the foreland lithosphere is thin (<70-80 km, as in the Puna foreland case). Conversely, simple-shear shortening, characterized by foreland underthrusting beneath the orogen, arises when the orogenic crust is much thicker. This thickened crust results in high gravitational potential energy in the orogen, which triggers the migration of deformation to the foreland under further shortening. Our models present fully thick-skinned, fully thin-skinned, and intermediate tectonic styles in the foreland. The first tectonics forms in a pure-shear shortening mode whereas the others require a simple-shear mode and the presence of thick (>similar to 4 km) sediments that are mechanically weak (friction coefficient <similar to 0.05) or weakened rapidly during deformation. The formation of fully thin-skinned tectonics in thick and weak foreland sediments, as in the Subandean Ranges, requires the strength of the orogenic upper lithosphere to be less than one-third as strong as that of the foreland upper lithosphere. Our models successfully reproduce foreland deformation patterns in the Central and Southern Andes and the Laramide province.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThiekenMohorKreibichetal.2022,
  author    = {Thieken, Annegret and Mohor, Guilherme Samprogna and Kreibich, Heidi and M{\"u}ller, Meike},
  title     = {Compound inland flood events},
  series = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1561-8633},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-22-165-2022},
  pages     = {165 -- 185},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Several severe flood events hit Germany in recent years, with events in 2013 and 2016 being the most destructive ones, although dynamics and flood processes were very different. While the 2013 event was a slowly rising widespread fluvial flood accompanied by some severe dike breaches, the events in 2016 were fast-onset pluvial floods, which resulted in surface water flooding in some places due to limited capacities of the drainage systems and in destructive flash floods with high sediment loads and clogging in others, particularly in small steep catchments. Hence, different pathways, i.e. different routes that the water takes to reach (and potentially damage) receptors, in our case private households, can be identified in both events. They can thus be regarded as spatially compound flood events or compound inland floods. This paper analyses how differently affected residents coped with these different flood types (fluvial and pluvial) and their impacts while accounting for the different pathways (river flood, dike breach, surface water flooding and flash flood) within the compound events. The analyses are based on two data sets with 1652 (for the 2013 flood) and 601 (for the 2016 flood) affected residents who were surveyed around 9 months after each flood, revealing little socio-economic differences - except for income - between the two samples. The four pathways showed significant differences with regard to their hydraulic and financial impacts, recovery, warning processes, and coping and adaptive behaviour. There are just small differences with regard to perceived self-efficacy and responsibility, offering entry points for tailored risk communication and support to improve property-level adaptation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SmithFoxSchwanghartetal.2022,
  author    = {Smith, Adam G. G. and Fox, Matthew and Schwanghart, Wolfgang and Carter, Andrew},
  title     = {Comparing methods for calculating channel steepness index},
  series = {Earth science reviews : the international geological journal bridging the gap between research articles and textbooks},
  volume    = {227},
  journal   = {Earth science reviews : the international geological journal bridging the gap between research articles and textbooks},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0012-8252},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.103970},
  pages     = {20},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Channel steepness index, k(s), is a metric derived from the stream power model that, under certain conditions, scales with relative rock uplift rate. Channel steepness index is a property of rivers, which can be relatively easily extracted from digital elevation models (DEMs). As DEM data sets are widely available for Earth and are becoming more readily available for other planetary bodies, channel steepness index represents a powerful tool for interpreting tectonic processes. However, multiple approaches to calculate channel steepness index exist. From this several important questions arise; does choice of approach change the values of channel steepness index, can values be so different that choice of approach can influence the findings of a study, and are certain approaches better than others? With the aid of a synthetic river profile and a case study from the Sierra Nevada, California, we show that values of channel steepness index vary over orders of magnitude according to the methodology used in the calculation. We explore the limitations, advantages and disadvantages of the key approaches to calculating channel steepness index, and find that choosing an appropriate approach relies on the context of a study. Given these observations, it is important that authors acknowledge the methodology used to calculate channel steepness index, to ensure that results can be contextualised and reproduced.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WarcholdPradhanThapaetal.2022,
  author    = {Warchold, Anne and Pradhan, Prajal and Thapa, Pratibha and Putra, Muhammad Panji Islam Fajar and Kropp, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Building a unified sustainable development goal database},
  series = {Sustainable development},
  journal   = {Sustainable development},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {0968-0802},
  doi       = {10.1002/sd.2316},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The 2020s are an essential decade for achieving the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For this, SDG research needs to provide evidence that can be translated into concrete actions. However, studies use different SDG data, resulting in incomparable findings. Researchers primarily use SDG databases provided by the United Nations (UN), the World Bank Group (WBG), and the Bertelsmann Stiftung \& Sustainable Development Solutions Network (BE-SDSN). We compile these databases into one unified SDG database and examine the effects of the data selection on our understanding of SDG interactions. Among the databases, we observed more different than similar SDG interactions. Differences in synergies and trade-offs mainly occur for SDGs that are environmentally oriented. Due to the increased data availability, the unified SDG database offers a more nuanced and reliable view of SDG interactions. Thus, the SDG data selection may lead to diverse findings, fostering actions that might neglect or exacerbate trade-offs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PuppeLeueSommeretal.2022,
  author    = {Puppe, Daniel and Leue, Martin and Sommer, Michael and Schaller, J{\"o}rg and Kaczorek, Danuta},
  title     = {Auto-fluorescence in phytoliths},
  series = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {2296-665X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fenvs.2022.915947},
  pages     = {14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The detection of auto-fluorescence in phytogenic, hydrated amorphous silica depositions (phytoliths) has been found to be a promising approach to verify if phytoliths were burnt or not, especially in archaeological contexts. However, it is unknown so far at what temperature and how auto-fluorescence is induced in phytoliths. We used fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze auto-fluorescence in modern phytoliths extracted from plant samples or in intact leaves of winter wheat. Leaves and extracted phytoliths were heated at different temperatures up to 600 degrees C. The aims of our experiments were i) to find out what temperature is needed to induce auto-fluorescence in phytoliths, ii) to detect temperature-dependent changes in the molecular structure of phytoliths related to auto-fluorescence, and iii) to derive a mechanistic understanding of auto-fluorescence in phytoliths. We found organic compounds associated with phytoliths to cause auto-fluorescence in phytoliths treated at temperatures below approx. 400 degrees C. In phytoliths treated at higher temperatures, i.e., 450 and 600 degrees C, phytolith auto-fluorescence was mainly caused by molecular changes of phytolith silica. Based on our results we propose that auto-fluorescence in phytoliths is caused by clusterization-triggered emissions, which are caused by overlapping electron clouds forming non-conventional chromophores. In phytoliths heated at temperatures above about 400 degrees C dihydroxylation and the formation of siloxanes result in oxygen clusters that serve as non-conventional chromophores in fluorescence events. Furthermore, SEM-EDX analyses revealed that extractable phytoliths were dominated by lumen phytoliths (62\%) compared to cell wall phytoliths (38\%). Our findings might be not only relevant in archaeological phytolith-based examinations, but also for studies on the temperature-dependent release of silicon from phytoliths and the potential of long-term carbon sequestration in phytoliths.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FranckeHeistermannKoehlietal.2022,
  author    = {Francke, Till and Heistermann, Maik and K{\"o}hli, Markus and Budach, Christian and Schr{\"o}n, Martin and Oswald, Sascha},
  title     = {Assessing the feasibility of a directional cosmic-ray neutron sensing sensor for estimating soil moisture},
  series = {Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems},
  publisher = {Copernicus Publ.},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {2193-0864},
  doi       = {10.5194/gi-11-75-2022},
  pages     = {75 -- 92},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a non-invasive tool for measuring hydrogen pools such as soil moisture, snow or vegetation. The intrinsic integration over a radial hectare-scale footprint is a clear advantage for averaging out small-scale heterogeneity, but on the other hand the data may become hard to interpret in complex terrain with patchy land use. This study presents a directional shielding approach to prevent neutrons from certain angles from being counted while counting neutrons entering the detector from other angles and explores its potential to gain a sharper horizontal view on the surrounding soil moisture distribution. Using the Monte Carlo code URANOS (Ultra Rapid Neutron-Only Simulation), we modelled the effect of additional polyethylene shields on the horizontal field of view and assessed its impact on the epithermal count rate, propagated uncertainties and aggregation time. The results demonstrate that directional CRNS measurements are strongly dominated by isotropic neutron transport, which dilutes the signal of the targeted direction especially from the far field. For typical count rates of customary CRNS stations, directional shielding of half-spaces could not lead to acceptable precision at a daily time resolution. However, the mere statistical distinction of two rates should be feasible.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{FranckeHeistermannKoehlietal.2022,
  author    = {Francke, Till and Heistermann, Maik and K{\"o}hli, Markus and Budach, Christian and Schr{\"o}n, Martin and Oswald, Sascha},
  title     = {Assessing the feasibility of a directional cosmic-ray neutron sensing sensor for estimating soil moisture},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-54422},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-544229},
  pages     = {75 -- 92},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a non-invasive tool for measuring hydrogen pools such as soil moisture, snow or vegetation. The intrinsic integration over a radial hectare-scale footprint is a clear advantage for averaging out small-scale heterogeneity, but on the other hand the data may become hard to interpret in complex terrain with patchy land use. This study presents a directional shielding approach to prevent neutrons from certain angles from being counted while counting neutrons entering the detector from other angles and explores its potential to gain a sharper horizontal view on the surrounding soil moisture distribution. Using the Monte Carlo code URANOS (Ultra Rapid Neutron-Only Simulation), we modelled the effect of additional polyethylene shields on the horizontal field of view and assessed its impact on the epithermal count rate, propagated uncertainties and aggregation time. The results demonstrate that directional CRNS measurements are strongly dominated by isotropic neutron transport, which dilutes the signal of the targeted direction especially from the far field. For typical count rates of customary CRNS stations, directional shielding of half-spaces could not lead to acceptable precision at a daily time resolution. However, the mere statistical distinction of two rates should be feasible.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RadosavljevicLantuitKnoblauchetal.2022,
  author    = {Radosavljevic, Boris and Lantuit, Hugues and Knoblauch, Christian and Couture, Nicole and Herzschuh, Ulrike and Fritz, Michael},
  title     = {Arctic nearshore sediment dynamics - an example from Herschel Island - Qikiqtaruk, Canada},
  series = {Journal of marine science and engineering},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Journal of marine science and engineering},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2077-1312},
  doi       = {10.3390/jmse10111589},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Increasing arctic coastal erosion rates imply a greater release of sediments and organic matter into the coastal zone. With 213 sediment samples taken around Herschel Island-Qikiqtaruk, Canadian Beaufort Sea, we aimed to gain new insights on sediment dynamics and geochemical properties of a shallow arctic nearshore zone. Spatial characteristics of nearshore sediment texture (moderately to poorly sorted silt) are dictated by hydrodynamic processes, but ice-related processes also play a role. We determined organic matter (OM) distribution and inferred the origin and quality of organic carbon by C/N ratios and stable carbon isotopes delta C-13. The carbon content was higher offshore and in sheltered areas (mean: 1.0 wt.\%., S.D.: 0.9) and the C/N ratios also showed a similar spatial pattern (mean: 11.1, S.D.: 3.1), while the delta C-13 (mean: -26.4 parts per thousand VPDB, S.D.: 0.4) distribution was more complex. We compared the geochemical parameters of our study with terrestrial and marine samples from other studies using a bootstrap approach. Sediments of the current study contained 6.5 times and 1.8 times less total organic carbon than undisturbed and disturbed terrestrial sediments, respectively. Therefore, degradation of OM and separation of carbon pools take place on land and continue in the nearshore zone, where OM is leached, mineralized, or transported beyond the study area.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoanRichterBorsigetal.2022,
  author    = {Hoan, Tran Viet and Richter, Karl-Gerd and Borsig, Nicolas and Bauer, Jonas and Ha, Nguyen Thi and Norra, Stefan},
  title     = {An improved groundwater model framework for aquifer structures of the quaternary-formed sediment body in the southernmost parts of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam},
  series = {Hydrology : open access journal},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Hydrology : open access journal},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2306-5338},
  doi       = {10.3390/hydrology9040061},
  pages     = {20},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Ca Mau peninsula (CMP) is a key economic region in southern Vietnam. In recent decades, the high demand for water has increased the exploitation of groundwater, thus lowering the groundwater level and leading to risks of degradation, depletion, and land subsidence, as well as salinity intrusion in the groundwater of the whole Mekong Delta region. By using a finite element groundwater model with boundary expansion to the sea, we updated the latest data on hydrogeological profiles, groundwater levels, and exploitation. The basic model setup covers seven aquifers and seven aquitards. It is determined that the inflow along the coastline to the mainland is 39\% of the total inflow. The exploitation of the study area in 2019 was 567,364 m(3)/day. The most exploited aquifers are the upper-middle Pleistocene (qp(2-3)) and the middle Pliocene (n(2)(2)), accounting for 63.7\% and 24.6\%, respectively; the least exploited aquifers are the upper Pleistocene and the upper Miocene, accounting for 0.35\% and 0.02\%, respectively. In the deeper aquifers, qp(2-3) and n(2)(2), the change in storage is negative due to the high exploitation rate, leading to a decline in the reserves of these aquifers. These groundwater model results are the calculations of groundwater reserves from the coast to the mainland in the entire system of aquifers in the CMP. This makes groundwater decision managers, stakeholders, and others more efficient in sustainable water resources planning in the CMP and Mekong Delta (MKD).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WutzlerHudsonThieken2022,
  author    = {Wutzler, Bianca and Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany},
  series = {Frontiers in Water},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Water},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2624-9375},
  doi       = {10.3389/frwa.2022.932061},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WutzlerHudsonThieken2022,
  author    = {Wutzler, Bianca and Hudson, Paul and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Adaptation strategies of flood-damaged businesses in Germany},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1304},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57735},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-577350},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Flood risk management in Germany follows an integrative approach in which both private households and businesses can make an important contribution to reducing flood damage by implementing property-level adaptation measures. While the flood adaptation behavior of private households has already been widely researched, comparatively less attention has been paid to the adaptation strategies of businesses. However, their ability to cope with flood risk plays an important role in the social and economic development of a flood-prone region. Therefore, using quantitative survey data, this study aims to identify different strategies and adaptation drivers of 557 businesses damaged by a riverine flood in 2013 and 104 businesses damaged by pluvial or flash floods between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that a low perceived self-efficacy may be an important factor that can reduce the motivation of businesses to adapt to flood risk. Furthermore, property-owners tended to act more proactively than tenants. In addition, high experience with previous flood events and low perceived response costs could strengthen proactive adaptation behavior. These findings should be considered in business-tailored risk communication.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoitHeistermann2022,
  author    = {Voit, Paul and Heistermann, Maik},
  title     = {A new index to quantify the extremeness of precipitation across scales},
  series = {NHESS - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {NHESS - Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
  edition   = {8},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
  issn      = {1684-9981},
  doi       = {10.5194/nhess-22-2791-2022},
  pages     = {2791 -- 2805},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Quantifying the extremeness of heavy precipitation allows for the comparison of events. Conventional quantitative indices, however, typically neglect the spatial extent or the duration, while both are important to understand potential impacts. In 2014, the weather extremity index (WEI) was suggested to quantify the extremeness of an event and to identify the spatial and temporal scale at which the event was most extreme. However, the WEI does not account for the fact that one event can be extreme at various spatial and temporal scales. To better understand and detect the compound nature of precipitation events, we suggest complementing the original WEI with a "cross-scale weather extremity index" (xWEI), which integrates extremeness over relevant scales instead of determining its maximum. Based on a set of 101 extreme precipitation events in Germany, we outline and demonstrate the computation of both WEI and xWEI. We find that the choice of the index can lead to considerable differences in the assessment of past events but that the most extreme events are ranked consistently, independently of the index. Even then, the xWEI can reveal cross-scale properties which would otherwise remain hidden. This also applies to the disastrous event from July 2021, which clearly outranks all other analyzed events with regard to both WEI and xWEI. While demonstrating the added value of xWEI, we also identify various methodological challenges along the required computational workflow: these include the parameter estimation for the extreme value distributions, the definition of maximum spatial extent and temporal duration, and the weighting of extremeness at different scales. These challenges, however, also represent opportunities to adjust the retrieval of WEI and xWEI to specific user requirements and application scenarios.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{VoitHeistermann2022,
  author    = {Voit, Paul and Heistermann, Maik},
  title     = {A new index to quantify the extremeness of precipitation across scales},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {1283},
  issn      = {1866-8372},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-57089},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-570893},
  pages     = {2791 -- 2805},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Quantifying the extremeness of heavy precipitation allows for the comparison of events. Conventional quantitative indices, however, typically neglect the spatial extent or the duration, while both are important to understand potential impacts. In 2014, the weather extremity index (WEI) was suggested to quantify the extremeness of an event and to identify the spatial and temporal scale at which the event was most extreme. However, the WEI does not account for the fact that one event can be extreme at various spatial and temporal scales. To better understand and detect the compound nature of precipitation events, we suggest complementing the original WEI with a "cross-scale weather extremity index" (xWEI), which integrates extremeness over relevant scales instead of determining its maximum. Based on a set of 101 extreme precipitation events in Germany, we outline and demonstrate the computation of both WEI and xWEI. We find that the choice of the index can lead to considerable differences in the assessment of past events but that the most extreme events are ranked consistently, independently of the index. Even then, the xWEI can reveal cross-scale properties which would otherwise remain hidden. This also applies to the disastrous event from July 2021, which clearly outranks all other analyzed events with regard to both WEI and xWEI. While demonstrating the added value of xWEI, we also identify various methodological challenges along the required computational workflow: these include the parameter estimation for the extreme value distributions, the definition of maximum spatial extent and temporal duration, and the weighting of extremeness at different scales. These challenges, however, also represent opportunities to adjust the retrieval of WEI and xWEI to specific user requirements and application scenarios.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Buerger2022,
  author    = {B{\"u}rger, Gerd},
  title     = {A conundrum of trends},
  series = {Journal of hydrology},
  volume    = {609},
  journal   = {Journal of hydrology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0022-1694},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127745},
  pages     = {3},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This comment is meant to reiterate two warnings: One applies to the uncritical use of ready-made (openly available) program packages, and one to the estimation of trends in serially correlated time series. Both warnings apply to the recent publication of Lischeid et al. about lake-level trends in Germany.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AgarwalGuntuBanerjeeetal.2022,
  author    = {Agarwal, Ankit and Guntu, Ravikumar and Banerjee, Abhirup and Gadhawe, Mayuri Ashokrao and Marwan, Norbert},
  title     = {A complex network approach to study the extreme precipitation patterns in a river basin},
  series = {Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Woodbury, NY},
  issn      = {1054-1500},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0072520},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The quantification of spatial propagation of extreme precipitation events is vital in water resources planning and disaster mitigation. However, quantifying these extreme events has always been challenging as many traditional methods are insufficient to capture the nonlinear interrelationships between extreme event time series. Therefore, it is crucial to develop suitable methods for analyzing the dynamics of extreme events over a river basin with a diverse climate and complicated topography. Over the last decade, complex network analysis emerged as a powerful tool to study the intricate spatiotemporal relationship between many variables in a compact way. In this study, we employ two nonlinear concepts of event synchronization and edit distance to investigate the extreme precipitation pattern in the Ganga river basin. We use the network degree to understand the spatial synchronization pattern of extreme rainfall and identify essential sites in the river basin with respect to potential prediction skills. The study also attempts to quantify the influence of precipitation seasonality and topography on extreme events. The findings of the study reveal that (1) the network degree is decreased in the southwest to northwest direction, (2) the timing of 50th percentile precipitation within a year influences the spatial distribution of degree, (3) the timing is inversely related to elevation, and (4) the lower elevation greatly influences connectivity of the sites. The study highlights that edit distance could be a promising alternative to analyze event-like data by incorporating event time and amplitude and constructing complex networks of climate extremes.},
  language  = {en}
}