@article{BloetheMunackKorupetal.2014,
  author    = {Bloethe, Jan H. and Munack, Henry and Korup, Oliver and Fuelling, Alexander and Garzanti, Eduardo and Resentini, Alberto and Kubik, Peter W.},
  title     = {Late Quaternary valley infill and dissection in the Indus River, western Tibetan Plateau margin},
  series = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal},
  volume    = {94},
  journal   = {Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0277-3791},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.011},
  pages     = {102 -- 119},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The Indus, one of Earth's major rivers, drains large parts of the NW Himalaya and the Transhimalayan ranges that form part of the western Tibetan Plateau margin. In the western Himalayan syntaxis, where local topographic relief exceeds 7 km, the Indus has incised a steep bedrock gorge at rates of several mm yr(-1). Upstream, however, the upper Indus and its tributaries alternate between bedrock gorges and broad alluvial flats flanked by the Ladakh and Zanskar ranges. We review the late Quaternary valley history in this region with a focus on the confluence of the Indus and Zanskar Rivers, where vast alluvial terrace staircases and lake sediments record major episodes of aggradation and incision. New absolute dating of high-level fluvial terrace remnants using cosmogenic Be-10, optically and infrared stimulated luminescence (OSL, IRSL) indicates at least two phases of late Quaternary valley infilling. These phases commenced before similar to 200 ka and similar to 50-20 ka, judging from terrace treads stranded >150 m and similar to 30-40 m above modern river levels, respectively. Numerous stacks of lacustrine sediments that straddle the Indus River >200 km between the city of Leh and the confluence with the Shyok River share a distinct horizontal alignment. Constraints from IRSL samples of lacustrine sequences from the Leh-Spituk area reveal a protracted lake phase from >177 ka to 72 ka, locally accumulating >50-m thick deposits. In the absence of tectonic faulting, major lithological differences, and stream capture, we attribute the formation of this and other large lakes in the region to natural damming by large landslides, glaciers, and alluvial fans. The overall patchy landform age constraints from earlier studies can be reconciled by postulating a major deglacial control on sediment flux, valley infilling, and subsequent incision that has been modulated locally by backwater effects of natural damming. While comparison with Pleistocene monsoon proxies reveals no obvious correlation, a lateor post-glacial sediment pulse seems a more likely source of this widespread sedimentation that has partly buried the dissected bedrock topography. Overall, the long residence times of fluvial, alluvial and lacustrine deposits in the region (>500 ka) support previous studies, but remain striking given the dominantly steep slopes and deeply carved valleys that characterise this high-altitude mountain desert. Recalculated late Quaternary rates of fluvial bedrock incision in the Indus and Zanskar of 1.5 +/- 0.2 mm yr(-1) are at odds with the longevity of juxtaposed valley-fill deposits, unless a lack of decisive lateral fluvial erosion helps to preserve these late Pleistocene sedimentary archives. We conclude that alternating, similar to 10(4)-yr long, phases of massive infilling and incision have dominated the late Quaternary history of the Indus valley below the western Tibetan Plateau margin. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Korup2012,
  author    = {Korup, Oliver},
  title     = {Earth's portfolio of extreme sediment transport events},
  series = {Earth science reviews : the international geological journal bridging the gap between research articles and textbooks},
  volume    = {112},
  journal   = {Earth science reviews : the international geological journal bridging the gap between research articles and textbooks},
  number    = {3-4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0012-8252},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.02.006},
  pages     = {115 -- 125},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Quantitative estimates of sediment flux and the global cycling of sediments from hillslopes to rivers, estuaries, deltas, continental shelves, and deep-sea basins have a long research tradition. In this context, extremely large and commensurately rare sediment transport events have so far eluded a systematic analysis. To start filling this knowledge gap I review some of the highest reported sediment yields in mountain rivers impacted by volcanic eruptions, earthquake- and storm-triggered landslide episodes, and catastrophic dam breaks. Extreme specific yields, defined here as those exceeding the 95th percentile of compiled data, are similar to 10(4) t km(-2) yr(-1) if averaged over 1 yr. These extreme yields vary by eight orders of magnitude, but systematically decay with reference intervals from minutes to millennia such that yields vary by three orders of magnitude for a given reference interval. Sediment delivery from natural dam breaks and pyroclastic eruptions dominate these yields for a given reference interval. Even if averaged over 10(2)-10(3) yr, the contribution of individual disturbances may remain elevated above corresponding catchment denudation rates. I further estimate rates of sediment (re-)mobilisation by individual giant terrestrial and submarine mass movements. Less than 50 postglacial submarine mass movements have involved an equivalent of similar to 10\% of the contemporary annual global flux of fluvial sediment to Earth's oceans, while mobilisation rates by individual events rival the decadal-scale sediment discharge from tectonically active orogens such as Taiwan or New Zealand. Sediment flushing associated with catastrophic natural dam breaks is non-stationary and shows a distinct kink at the last glacial-interglacial transition, owing to the drainage of very large late Pleistocene ice-marginal lakes. Besides emphasising the contribution of high-magnitude and low-frequency events to the global sediment cascade, these findings stress the importance of sediment storage for fuelling rather than buffering high sediment transport rates.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KorupHayakawaCodileanetal.2014,
  author    = {Korup, Oliver and Hayakawa, Yuichi and Codilean, Alexandru T. and Matsushi, Yuki and Saito, Hitoshi and Oguchi, Takashi and Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki},
  title     = {Japan's sediment flux to the Pacific Ocean revisited},
  series = {Earth science reviews : the international geological journal bridging the gap between research articles and textbooks},
  volume    = {135},
  journal   = {Earth science reviews : the international geological journal bridging the gap between research articles and textbooks},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0012-8252},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.03.004},
  pages     = {1 -- 16},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Quantifying volumes and rates of delivery of terrestrial sediment from island arcs to subduction zones is indispensable for refining estimates of the thickness of trench fills that may eventually control the location and timing of submarine landslides and tsunami-generating mega-earthquakes. Despite these motivating insights, knowledge about the rates of erosion and sediment export from the Japanese islands to their Pacific subduction zones remains patchy regardless of the increasing availability of highly resolved data on surface deformation, climate, geology, and topography. Traditionally, natural erosion rates across the island arc have been estimated from regression of topographic catchment metrics and reservoir sedimentation rates that were recorded over several years to decades. We review current research in this context, correct for a systematic bias in one of the most widely used predictions, and present new estimates of decadal to millennial-scale erosion rates of Japan's terrestrial inner forearc. We draw on several independent and unprecedented inventories of mass wasting, reservoir sedimentation, and concentrations of cosmogenic Be-10 in river sands. We find that natural Be-10-derived denudation rates of several mm yr(-1) in the Japanese Alps have been sustained over several centuries to millennia, and are, within error, roughly consistent with sediment yields inferred from artificial reservoir sedimentation. Local exceptions may likely result from release of sediment storage or regional landsliding episodes that trigger transient sediment pulses. Our synopsis further reveals that catchments draining Japan's eastern seaboard differ distinctly in their tectonic, lithological, topographic, and climatic characteristics between the Tohoku, Japanese Alps, and Nankai inner forearc segments, which is underscored by a marked asymmetric pattern of erosion rates along the island arc. Erosion rates are highest (up to at least 3 mm yr(-1)) in the Japanese Alps that mark the collision of two subduction zones, where high topographic relief, hillslope and bedrock-channel steepness foster rapid denudation by mass wasting. Comparable, if slightly lower, erosion rates characterise the Nankai inner forearc in southwest Japan, most likely due to higher typhoon-driven rainfall totals and variability rather than its high topographic relief. In contrast, our estimated erosion and flux rates are lowest in the Tohoku inner forearc catchments that feed sediment into the Japan Trench. We conclude that collisional mountain building of the Japanese Alps drives some of the highest erosion rates in the island arc despite similar uplift and precipitation controls in southwest Japan. We infer that, prior to extensive river damming, reservoir construction, and coastal works, the gross of Japan's total sediment export to the Pacific Ocean entered the accretionary margin of the Nankai Trough as opposed to the comparatively sediment-starved Japan Trench. Compared to documented contemporary rates of sediment flux from mountainous catchments elsewhere in the Pacific, the rivers draining Japan's inner forearc take an intermediate position despite high relief, steep slopes, very high seismicity, and frequent rainstorms. However, the average rates of millennial-scale denudation in the Japanese Alps particularly are amongst the highest reported worldwide. Local mismatches between these late Holocene and modern rates emphasise the anthropogenic fingerprint on sediment retention that may have significantly reduced the island arc's mass flux to its subduction zones, as is the case elsewhere in east and southeast Asia. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VogelOzturkRiemeretal.2017,
  author    = {Vogel, Kristin and Ozturk, Ugur and Riemer, Adrian and Laudan, Jonas and Sieg, Tobias and Wendi, Dadiyorto and Agarwal, Ankit and Roezer, Viktor and Korup, Oliver and Thieken, Annegret},
  title     = {Die Sturzflut von Braunsbach am 29. Mai 2016 - Entstehung, Ablauf und Sch{\"a}den eines „Jahrhundertereignisses"},
  series = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Bundesanst. f{\"u}r Gew{\"a}sserkunde},
  address   = {Koblenz},
  issn      = {1439-1783},
  doi       = {10.5675/HyWa_2017,3_2},
  pages     = {163 -- 175},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Am Abend des 29. Mai 2016 wurde der Ort Braunsbach im Landkreis Schw{\"a}bisch-Hall (Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg) von einer Sturzflut getroffen, bei der mehrere H{\"a}user stark besch{\"a}digt oder zerst{\"o}rt wurden. Die Sturzflut war eine der Unwetterfolgen, die im Fr{\"u}hsommer 2016 vom Tiefdruckgebiet Elvira ausgel{\"o}st wurden. Der vorliegende Bericht ist der zweite Teil einer Doppelver{\"o}ffentlichung, welche die Ergebnisse zur Untersuchung des Sturzflutereignisses im Rahmen des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs "Naturgefahren und Risiken in einer sich ver{\"a}ndernden Welt" (NatRiskChange, GRK 2043/1) der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam pr{\"a}sentiert. W{\"a}hrend Teil 1 die meteorologischen und hydrologischen Ereignisse analysiert, fokussiert Teil 2 auf die geomorphologischen Prozesse und die verursachten Geb{\"a}udesch{\"a}den. Dazu wurden Ursprung und Ausmaß des w{\"a}hrend des Sturzflutereignisses mobilisierten und in den Ort getragenen Materials untersucht. Des Weiteren wurden zu 96 betroffenen Geb{\"a}uden Daten zum Schadensgrad sowie Prozess- und Geb{\"a}udecharakteristika aufgenommen und ausgewertet. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass bei der Betrachtung von Hochwassergef{\"a}hrdung die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Sturzfluten und ihrer speziellen Charakteristika, wie hoher Feststofftransport und sprunghaftes Verhalten insbesondere in bebautem Gel{\"a}nde, wesentlich ist, um effektive Schutzmaßnahmen ergreifen zu k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}