@misc{BaltesSowarkaKliegl1989,
  author    = {Baltes, Paul B. and Sowarka, Doris and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Cognitive training research on fluid intelligence in old age : what can older adults achieve by themselves?},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40297},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {Cognitive research on the plasticity of fluid intelligence has demonstrated that older adults benefit markedly from guided practice in cognitive skills and problem-solving strategies. We examined to what degree older adults are capable by themselves of achieving similar practice gains, focusing on the fluid ability of figural relations. A sample of 72 healthy older adults was assigned randomly to three conditions: control, tutor-guided training, self-guided training. Training time and training materials were held constant for the two training conditions. Posttraining performances were analyzed using a transfer of training paradigm in terms of three indicators: correct responses, accuracy, and level of item difficulty. The training programs were effective and produced a significant but narrow band of within-ability transfer. However, there was no difference between the two training groups. Older adults were shown to be capable of producing gains by themselves that were comparable to those obtained following tutor-guided training in the nature of test-relevant cognitive skills.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KlieglSmithBaltes1989,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Smith, Jacqui and Baltes, Paul B.},
  title     = {Testing-the-limits and the study of adult age differences in cognitive plasticity of a mnemonic skill},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40311},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {Investigated the range and limits of cognitive reserve capacity as a general approach to the understanding of age differences in cognitive functioning. Testing-the-limits is proposed as a research strategy, Data are reported from 2 training studies involving old (65 to 83 years old) and young adults (19 to 29 years old). The training, designed to engineer an expertise in serial word recall, involved instruction and practice in the Method of Loci. Substantial plasticity was evident in pretest to posttest comparisons. Participants raised their serial word recall several times above that of pretest baseline. Age-differential limits in reserve capacity were evident in amount of training gain but not in responses to conditions of increased test difficulty (speeded stimulus presentation). Group differences were magnified by the training to such a degree that age distributions barely overlapped at posttests. Testing-the-limits offers promise in terms of understanding the extent and nature of cognitive plasticity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Kliegl1989,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Kognitive Plastizit{\"a}t und altersbedingte Grenzen am Beispiel des Erwerbs einer Ged{\"a}chtnistechnik},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40321},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {Die Bedeutung kognitiver Entwicklungskapazit{\"a}t (Plastizit{\"a}t) und ihrer altersabh{\"a}ngigen Grenzen f{\"u}r Theorien kognitiven Alters wird thematisiert. F{\"u}r kognitive Basisprozesse wird erwartet, daß die durch Training umgesetzte Entwicklungskapazit{\"a}t {\"a}lterer Menschen zwar ausreicht, die Ausgangsleistung junger Erwachsener zu {\"u}bertreffen, daß aber aufgrund altersbedingter Grenzen der Entwicklungskapazit{\"a}t nur sehr wenige {\"a}ltere Erwachsene das Leistungsniveau trainierter junger Erwachsener erreichen werden. Am Beispiel eines Ged{\"a}chtnistrainingsprogrammes zur Erh{\"o}hung der Merkf{\"a}higkeit f{\"u}r Wortlisten werden zwei Forschungsstrategien vorgestellt: (a) das Training von sehr leistungsf{\"a}higen {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen und (b) L{\"a}ngsschnitt-Einzelfall-Studien. Die experimentellen Befunde best{\"a}tigten die theoretischen Erwartungen. Zwar waren die Leistungen der besten {\"a}lteren Erwachsenen etwa doppelt so hoch wie die untrainierter junger Erwachsener, aber die durch das Training aufgedeckten Altersverluste konnten auch in bis zu 75 weiteren {\"U}bungsstunden nicht behoben werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Krahe1989,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Faking personality profiles on a standard personality inventory},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34486},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {A study is reported which investigates the fakeability of personality profiles as measured by a standard personality inventory, the Freiburger Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsinventar (FPI). Unlike previous studies investigating laypersons' ability to fake a global good or bad impression, the present study examined individuals' ability to fake a specific personality profile. Four groups of subjects were instructed to fake their FPI scores so as to present themselves as high vs low scorers on the "social orientation" dimension or high vs low scorers on the "achievement orientation" dimension. The results clearly demonstrate that subjects are successful in manipulating their scores on the critical dimensions according to instruction. Moreover, they also fake related scales in a way that corroborates the intended image of a person with a high (or low) achievement (or social) orientation. The overall pattern of results reveals that subjects were able to distort their responses in a way that reflects their intuitive understanding of the dimensional structure of the FPI. The implications of the present findings for the use of personality inventories as valid diagnostic instruments are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{EckesKraheSix1989,
  author    = {Eckes, Thomas and Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Six, Bernd},
  title     = {Predicting behavior in natural settings : four field studies},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33862},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {Content Basic Concepts and Applied Perspectives in Attitude-Behavior Research Searching for Medium-Range Models of Behavior Prediction Putting the Models to Test General Discussion References},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KraheSemin1989,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara and Semin, G{\"u}n R.},
  title     = {In search of explanations : a rejoinder to Borkenau},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33859},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {The main points raised by Borkenau against our challenge of the 'intuitive psychometrics' view of personality judgements are discussed, in particular his example of the link between school grades and intelligence. It is argued that the semantic similarity interpretation advanced in our paper is more adequate and more parsimonious than explanations in terms of psychometric reasoning.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1989,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Vergewaltigung : eine sozialpsychologische Analyse},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34478},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet Vergewaltigung und sexuelle N{\"o}tigung als soziale Probleme, die das Zusammenwirken von allgemeinen gesellschaftlichen Normen und vorherrschenden Einstellungen zu sexueller Gewalt gegen Frauen widerspiegeln. Ausgehend von einem kurzen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die juristischen und alltagspsychologischen Definitionen von Vergewaltigung und sexueller N{\"o}tigung stehen zwei Fragestellungen im Mittelpunkt: Zun{\"a}chst werden sozialpsychologische Befunde zur Zuschreibung von Mitverantwortung an Opfer von Vergewaltigungen diskutiert, in denen Einflußvariablen auf Opfer-, T{\"a}ter- und Beurteilerseite (z.B. sozialer Status des Opfers und Geschlechtsrollenorientierung des Beurteilers) identifiziert werden, die die Verantwortungszuschreibung an das Opfer bestimmen. Im zweiten Teil werden die psychologischen Konsequenzen einer Vergewaltigung f{\"u}r das Opfer unter Bezug auf das von Burgess und Holmstrom (1974) diagnostizierte Vergewaltigungstrauma-Syndrom diskutiert sowie neuere Ans{\"a}tze zur therapeutischen Betreuung vergewaltigter Frauen vorgestellt.},
  language  = {de}
}