@misc{OlsonDavidsonKliegletal.1984,
  author    = {Olson, Richard K. and Davidson, Brian J. and Kliegl, Reinhold and Davies, Susan E.},
  title     = {Development of phonetic memory in disabled and normal readers},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16888},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The development of phonetic codes in memory of 141 pairs of normal and disabled readers from 7.8 to 16.8 years of age was tested with a task adapted from L. S. Mark, D. Shankweiler, I. Y. Liberman, and C. A. Fowler (Memory \& Cognition, 1977, 5, 623-629) that measured false-positive errors in recognition memory for foil words which rhymed with words in the memory list versus foil words that did not rhyme. Our younger subjects replicated Mark et al., showing a larger difference between rhyming and nonrhyming false-positive errors for the normal readers. The older disabled readers' phonetic effect was comparable to that of the younger normal readers, suggesting a developmental lag in their use of phonetic coding in memory. Surprisingly, the normal readers' phonetic effect declined with age in the recognition task, but they maintained a significant advantage across age in the auditory WISC-R digit span recall test, and a test of phonological nonword decoding. The normals' decline with age in rhyming confusion may be due to an increase in the precision of their phonetic codes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Kliegl1984,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {EMAN : a modular and iterative eye-movement analysis program},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39909},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {EMAN is an eye-movement analysis program that consists of four modules. The first module rescales eye positions to coordinates of the display. The second and third modules reduce data to a fixation format and identify areas of bad measurement by means of iterative passes over the data. In the fourth module iterative algorithms are employed for the identification of line numbers and for achieving congruence between fixations and display.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KlieglVolbrechtWerner1984,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Volbrecht, Vicki J. and Werner, John S.},
  title     = {Influences of variation in lenticular and macular pigmentation on dichromatic neutral points},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41101},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Protanopie, deuteranopic and tritanopic neutral points were computed by determining the wavelength of light that produced the same quantal-catch ratio in the photopigments as that produced by a broad-band light of specified color temperature (range: 2 800—6 600 K). The Vos-Walraven primaries were used as photopigment absorption spectra that were screened by varying densities of ocular (0.5—2.5 at 400 nm) and macular (0.0—1.0 at 460 nm) pigmentation. The computations were carried out in 1 nm steps for the wavelength range of 380 to 720 nm. Most of the empirically determined mean, neutral-point loci in the literature were predicted from these computations to within 1—2nm when average ocular and macular pigment densities were used. The neutral-point range associated with the extreme values of the prereceptoral screening pigments was up to 25 nm for protanopes and deuteranopes and up to 13 nm for tritanopes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WernerCiceroneKliegletal.1984,
  author    = {Werner, John S. and Cicerone, Carola M. and Kliegl, Reinhold and DellaRosa, Denise},
  title     = {Spectral efficiency of blackness induction},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16897},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {The spectral efficiency of blackness induction was measured in three normal trichromatic observers and in one deuteranomalous observer. The psychophysical task was to adjust the radiance of a monochromatic 60-120′ annulus until a 45′ central broadband field just turned black and its contour became indiscriminable from a dark surrounding gap that separated it from the annulus. The reciprocal of the radiance required to induce blackness with annulus wavelengths between 420 and 680 nm was used to define a spectral-efficiency function for the blackness component of the achromatic process. For each observer, the shape of this blackness-sensitivity function agreed with the spectral-efficiency function based on heterochromatic flicker photometry when measured with the same 60-120′ annulus. Both of these functions matched the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage Vλ function except at short wavelengths. Ancillary measurements showed that the latter difference in sensitivity can be ascribed to nonuniformities of preretinal absorption, since the annular field excluded the central 60′ of the fovea. Thus our evidence indicates that, at least to a good first approximation, induced blackness is inversely related to the spectral-luminosity function. These findings are consistent with a model that separates the achromatic and the chromatic pathways.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MacWhinneyBatesKliegl1984,
  author    = {MacWhinney, Brian and Bates, Elizabeth and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Cue validity and sentence interpretation in English, German, and Italian},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16847},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Linguistic and psycholinguistic accounts based on the study of English may prove unreliable as guides to sentence processing in even closely related languages. The present study illustrates this claim in a test of sentence interpretation by German-, Italian-, and English-speaking adults. Subjects were presented with simple transitive sentences in which contrasts of (1) word order, (2) agreement, (3) animacy, and (4) stress were systematically varied. For each sentence, subjects were asked to state which of the two nouns was the actor. The results indicated that Americans relied overwhelming on word order, using a first-noun strategy in NVN and a second-noun strategy in VNN and NNV sentences. Germans relied on both agreement and animacy. Italians showed extreme reliance on agreement cues. In both German and Italian, stress played a role in terms of complex interactions with word order and agreement. The findings were interpreted in terms of the "competition model" of Bates and MacWhinney (in H. Winitz (Ed.), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Conference on Native and Foreign Language Acquisition. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1982) in which cue validity is considered to be the primary determinant of cue strength. According to this model, cues are said to be high in validity when they are also high in applicability and reliability.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Kliegl1984,
  author    = {Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Ein Beitrag zur Binnenstruktur des Freundschaftsverst{\"a}ndnisses},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19929},
  year      = {1984},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{SixKrahe1984,
  author    = {Six, Bernd and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Implicit psychologists' estimates of attitude-behaviour consistencies},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-34427},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {To investigate the relationship between implicit psychological hypotheses and explicit empirical findings, summaries of twenty published studies on attitude-behaviour consistency were presented to a sample of forty-eight psychology undergraduates. Subjects were asked to estimate the percentage of agreement between attitudes and behaviour obtained by each study. Correlations between subjects' covariation judgements and empirically obtained attitude-behaviour consistencies were minimal and nonsignificant. Results are discussed in the light of more recent research on attitudebehaviour relationship.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Krahe1984,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Der "self-serving bias" in der Attributionsforschung : theoretische Grundlagen und empirische Befunde},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44220},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Inhalt: 1. Zur Konzeptualisierung des bias in der Attributionstheorie 2. Self-serving bias-Hypothese und informationstheoretische Alternativerkl{\"a}rung:Theoretische Kontroverse und empirische Befunde - Selbstwertbezogene Attributionen eigener Handlungsergebnisse - Kausalattributionen von Erfolg und Mißerfolg bei Wettbewerb und Kooperation - Kausalattributionen f{\"u}r Erfolg und Mißerfolg aus der Beobachterperspektive - Kontradefensive Attributionen und Selbstdarstellungsbed{\"u}rfnisse - Zum Stand der Kognitions-Motivations-Debatte im Lichte der neueren Ergebnisse 3. Ans{\"a}tze zum Abbau des gegenw{\"a}rtigen Theoriedefizits der self-serving bias-Forschung},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Krahe1984,
  author    = {Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Wissenschaftliche Forschungspraxis und alltagspsychologische Wirklichkeit},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-44157},
  pages     = {180 -- 193},
  year      = {1984},
  abstract  = {Ausgehend von einer Kritik der vorherrschenden attributionstheoretischen Forschungspraxis werden drei methodologische Probleme der Erfassung von Kausalattributionen als laienpsychologische Erkl{\"a}rungskonzepte diskutiert: — Die Angemessenheit experimenteller Methoden zur Aktualisierung der motivationalen Voraussetzungen von Attributionsprozessen — Die Untersuchung der personalen und situativen Ausl{\"o}sebedingungen von Kausalinterpretationen — Die Erfassung und Systematisierung der Inhaltskategorien, die zur Kausalerkl{\"a}rung sozialer Ereignisse herangezogen werden. Auf der Basis weniger bisher vorliegender Untersuchungen werden theoretische und empirische L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tze zusammengetragen, die zu einer methodologischen Neuorientierung der Attributionsforschung im Sinne einer st{\"a}rkeren Ann{\"a}herung an die alltagspsychologische Erfahrungswelt f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}