@phdthesis{Peitz2024,
  author    = {Peitz, Diana},
  title     = {Mindful Eating},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-63451},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-634515},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {XII, 178},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Maladaptive eating behaviors such as emotional eating, external eating, and loss-of-control eating are widespread in the general population. Moreover, they are associated to adverse health outcomes and well-known for their role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders and obesity (i.e., eating and weight disorders). Eating and weight disorders are associated with crucial burden for individuals as well as high costs for society in general. At the same time, corresponding treatments yield poor outcomes. Thus, innovative concepts are needed to improve prevention and treatment of these conditions. The Buddhist concept of mindfulness (i.e., paying attention to the present moment without judgement) and its delivery via mindfulness-based intervention programs (MBPs) has gained wide popularity in the area of maladaptive eating behaviors and associated eating and weight disorders over the last two decades. Though previous findings on their effects seem promising, the current assessment of mindfulness and its mere application via multi-component MBPs hampers to draw conclusions on the extent to which mindfulness-immanent qualities actually account for the effects (e.g., the modification of maladaptive eating behaviors). However, this knowledge is pivotal for interpreting previous effects correctly and for avoiding to cause harm in particularly vulnerable groups such as those with eating and weight disorders. To address these shortcomings, recent research has focused on the context-specific approach of mindful eating (ME) to investigate underlying mechanisms of action. ME can be considered a subdomain of generic mindfulness describing it specifically in relation to the process of eating and associated feelings, thoughts, and motives, thus including a variety of different attitudes and behaviors. However, there is no universal operationalization and the current assessment of ME suffers from different limitations. Specifically, current measurement instruments are not suited for a comprehensive assessment of the multiple facets of the construct that are currently discussed as important in the literature. This in turn hampers comparisons of different ME facets which would allow to evaluate their particular effect on maladaptive eating behaviors. This knowledge is needed to tailor prevention and treatment of associated eating and weight disorders properly and to explore potential underlying mechanisms of action which have so far been proposed mainly on theoretical grounds. The dissertation at hand aims to provide evidence-based fundamental research that contributes to our understanding of how mindfulness, more specifically its context-specific form of ME, impacts maladaptive eating behaviors and, consequently, how it could be used appropriately to enrich the current prevention and treatment approaches for eating and weight disorders in the future. Specifically, in this thesis, three scientific manuscripts applying several qualitative and quantitative techniques in four sequential studies are presented. These manuscripts were published in or submitted to three scientific peer-reviewed journals to shed light on the following questions: I. How can ME be measured comprehensively and in a reliable and valid way to advance the understanding of how mindfulness works in the context of eating? II. Does the context-specific construct of ME have an advantage over the generic concept in advancing the understanding of how mindfulness is related to maladaptive eating behaviors? III. Which ME facets are particularly useful in explaining maladaptive eating behaviors? IV. Does training a particular ME facet result in changes in maladaptive eating behaviors? To answer the first research question (Paper 1), a multi-method approach using three subsequent studies was applied to develop and validate a comprehensive self-report instrument to assess the multidimensional construct of ME - the Mindful Eating Inventory (MEI). Study 1 aimed to create an initial version of the MEI by following a three-step approach: First, a comprehensive item pool was compiled by including selected and adapted items of the existing ME questionnaires and supplementing them with items derived from an extensive literature review. Second, the preliminary item pool was complemented and checked for content validity by experts in the field of eating behavior and/or mindfulness (N = 15). Third, the item pool was further refined through qualitative methods: Three focus groups comprising laypersons (N = 16) were used as a check for applicability. Subsequently, think-aloud protocols (N = 10) served as a last check of comprehensibility and elimination of ambiguities. The resulting initial MEI version was tested in Study 2 in an online convenience sample (N = 828) to explore its factor structure using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results were used to shorten the questionnaire in accordance with qualitative and quantitative criteria yielding the final MEI version which encompasses 30 items. These items were assigned to seven ME facets: (1) 'Accepting and Non-attached Attitude towards one's own eating experience' (ANA), (2) 'Awareness of Senses while Eating' (ASE), (3) 'Eating in Response to awareness of Fullness' (ERF), (4) 'Awareness of eating Triggers and Motives' (ATM), (5) 'Interconnectedness' (CON), (6) 'Non-Reactive Stance' (NRS) and (7) Focused Attention on Eating' (FAE). Study 3 sought to confirm the found facets and the corresponding factor structure in an independent online convenience sample (N = 612) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The study served as further indication of the assumed multidimensionality of ME (the correlational seven-factor model was shown to be superior to a single-factor model). Psychometric properties of the MEI, regarding factorial validity, internal consistency, retest-reliability, and observed criterion validity using a wide range of eating-specific and general health-related outcomes, showed the inventory to be suitable for a comprehensive, reliable and valid assessment of ME. These findings were complemented by demonstrating measurement invariance of the MEI regarding gender. In accordance with the factor structure of the MEI, Paper 1 offers an empirically-derived definition of ME, succeeding in overcoming ambiguities and problems of previous attempts at defining the construct. To answer the second and third research questions (Paper 2) a subsample of Study 2 from the MEI validation studies (N = 292) was analyzed. Incremental validity of ME beyond generic mindfulness was shown using hierarchical regression models concerning the outcome variables of maladaptive eating behaviors (emotional eating and uncontrolled eating) and nutrition behaviors (consumption of energy-dense food). Multiple regression analyses were applied to investigate the impact of the seven different ME facets (identified in Paper 1) on the same outcome variables. The following ME facets significantly contributed to explaining variance in maladaptive eating and nutrition behaviors: Accepting and Non-attached Attitude towards one`s own eating experience (ANA), Eating in Response to awareness of Fullness (ERF), the Awareness of eating Triggers and Motives (ATM), and a Non-Reactive Stance (NRS, i.e., an observing, non-impulsive attitude towards eating triggers). Results suggest that these ME facets are promising variables to consider when a) investigating potential underlying mechanisms of mindfulness and MBPs in the context of eating and b) addressing maladaptive eating behaviors in general as well as in the prevention and treatment of eating and weight disorders. To answer the fourth research question (Paper 3), a training on an isolated exercise ('9 Hunger') based on the previously identified ME facet ATM was designed to explore its particular association with changes in maladaptive eating behaviors and thus to preliminary explore one possible mechanism of action. The online study was realized using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Latent Change Scores (LCS) across three measurement points (before the training, directly after the training and three months later) were compared between the intervention group (n = 211) and a waitlist control group (n = 188). Short- and longer-term effects of the training could be shown on maladaptive eating behaviors (emotional eating, external eating, loss-of-control eating) and associated outcomes (intuitive eating, ME, self-compassion, well-being). Findings serve as preliminary empirical evidence that MBPs might influence maladaptive eating behaviors through an enhanced non-judgmental awareness of and distinguishment between eating motives and triggers (i.e., ATM). This mechanism of action had previously only been hypothesized from a theoretical perspective. Since maladaptive eating behaviors are associated with eating and weight disorders, the findings can enhance our understanding of the general effects of MBPs on these conditions. The integration of the different findings leads to several suggestions of how ME might enrich different kinds of future interventions on maladaptive eating behaviors to improve health in general or the prevention and treatment of eating and weight disorders in particular. Strengths of the thesis (e.g., deliberate specific methodology, variety of designs and methods, high number of participants) are emphasized. The main limitations particularly regarding sample characteristics (e.g., higher level of formal education, fewer males, self-selected) are discussed to arrive at an outline for future studies (e.g., including multi-modal-multi-method approaches, clinical eating disorder samples and youth samples) to improve upcoming research on ME and underlying mechanisms of action of MBPs for maladaptive eating behaviors and associated eating and weight disorders. This thesis enriches current research on mindfulness in the context of eating by providing fundamental research on the core of the ME construct. Thereby it delivers a reliable and valid instrument to comprehensively assess ME in future studies as well as an operational definition of the construct. Findings on ME facet level might inform upcoming research and practice on how to address maladaptive eating behaviors appropriately in interventions. The ME skill 'Awareness of eating Triggers and Motives (ATM)' as one particular mechanism of action should be further investigated in representative community and specific clinical samples to examine the validity of the results in these groups and to justify an application of the concept to the general population as well as to subgroups with eating and weight disorders in particular. In conclusion, findings of the current thesis can be used to set future research on mindfulness, more specifically ME, and its underlying mechanism in the context of eating on a more evidence-based footing. This knowledge can inform upcoming prevention and treatment to tailor MBPs on maladaptive eating behaviors and associated eating and weight disorders appropriately.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Strauss2023,
  author    = {Strauß, Sophie},
  title     = {Justice sensitivity in middle childhood},
  series = {exploring the measurement and manifestation of a trait in a sensitive developmental phase and its relations to variables from the social and moral development space},
  journal   = {exploring the measurement and manifestation of a trait in a sensitive developmental phase and its relations to variables from the social and moral development space},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-59194},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-591944},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {331},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Justice structures societies and social relations of any kind; its psychological integration provides a fundamental cornerstone for social, moral, and personality development. The trait justice sensitivity captures individual differences in responses toward perceived injustice (JS; Schmitt et al., 2005, 2010). JS has shown substantial relations to social and moral behavior in adult and adolescent samples; however, it was not yet investigated in middle childhood despite this being a sensitive phase for personality development. JS differentiates in underlying perspectives that are either more self- or other-oriented regarding injustice, with diverging outcome relations. The present research project investigated JS and its perspectives in children aged 6 to 12 years with a special focus on variables of social and moral development as potential correlates and outcomes in four cross-sectional studies. Study 1 started with a closer investigation of JS trait manifestation, measurement, and relations to important variables from the nomological network, such as temperamental dimensions, social-cognitive skills, and global pro- and antisocial behavior in a pilot sample of children from south Germany. Study 2 investigated relations between JS and distributive behavior following distributive principles in a large-scale data set of children from Berlin and Brandenburg. Study 3 explored the relations of JS with moral reasoning, moral emotions, and moral identity as important precursors of moral development in the same large-scale data set. Study 4 investigated punishment motivation to even out, prevent, or compensate norm transgressions in a subsample, whereby JS was considered as a potential predictor of different punishment motives. All studies indicated that a large-scale, economic measurement of JS is possible at least from middle childhood onward. JS showed relations to temperamental dimensions, social skills, global social behavior; distributive decisions and preferences for distributive principles; moral reasoning, emotions, and identity; as well as with punishment motivation; indicating that trait JS is highly relevant for social and moral development. The underlying self- or other-oriented perspectives showed diverging correlate and outcome relations mostly in line with theory and previous findings from adolescent and adult samples, but also provided new theoretical ideas on the construct and its differentiation. Findings point to an early internal justice motive underlying trait JS, but additional motivations underlying the JS perspectives. Caregivers, educators, and clinical psychologists should pay attention to children's JS and toward promoting an adaptive justice-related personality development to foster children's prosocial and moral development as well as their mental health.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schwetlick2023,
  author    = {Schwetlick, Lisa},
  title     = {Data assimilation for neurocognitive models of eye movement},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-59828},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-598280},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {x, 209},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Visual perception is a complex and dynamic process that plays a crucial role in how we perceive and interact with the world. The eyes move in a sequence of saccades and fixations, actively modulating perception by moving different parts of the visual world into focus. Eye movement behavior can therefore offer rich insights into the underlying cognitive mechanisms and decision processes. Computational models in combination with a rigorous statistical framework are critical for advancing our understanding in this field, facilitating the testing of theory-driven predictions and accounting for observed data. In this thesis, I investigate eye movement behavior through the development of two mechanistic, generative, and theory-driven models. The first model is based on experimental research regarding the distribution of attention, particularly around the time of a saccade, and explains statistical characteristics of scan paths. The second model implements a self-avoiding random walk within a confining potential to represent the microscopic fixational drift, which is present even while the eye is at rest, and investigates the relationship to microsaccades. Both models are implemented in a likelihood-based framework, which supports the use of data assimilation methods to perform Bayesian parameter inference at the level of individual participants, analyses of the marginal posteriors of the interpretable parameters, model comparisons, and posterior predictive checks. The application of these methods enables a thorough investigation of individual variability in the space of parameters. Results show that dynamical modeling and the data assimilation framework are highly suitable for eye movement research and, more generally, for cognitive modeling.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ewert2023,
  author    = {Ewert, Christina},
  title     = {The role of self-compassion in effective stress processing},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-60748},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-607486},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {193},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background: The concept self-compassion (SC), a special way of being compassionate with oneself while dealing with stressful life circumstances, has attracted increasing attention in research over the past two decades. Research has already shown that SC has beneficial effects on affective well-being and other mental health outcomes. However, little is known in which ways SC might facilitate our affective well-being in stressful situations. Hence, a central concern of this dissertation was to focus on the question which underlying processes might influence the link between SC and affective well-being. Two established components in stress processing, which might also play an important role in this context, could be the amount of experienced stress and the way of coping with a stressor. Thus, using a multi-method approach, this dissertation aimed at finding to which extent SC might help to alleviate the experienced stress and promotes the use of more salutary coping, while dealing with stressful circumstances. These processes might ultimately help improve one's affective well-being. Derived from that, it was hypothesized that more SC is linked to less perceived stress and intensified use of salutary coping responses. Additionally, it was suggested that perceived stress and coping mediate the relation between SC and affective well-being. Method: The research questions were targeted in three single studies and one meta-study. To test my assumptions about the relations of SC and coping in particular, a systematic literature search was conducted resulting in k = 136 samples with an overall sample size of N = 38,913. To integrate the z-transformed Pearson correlation coefficients, random-effects models were calculated. All hypotheses were tested with a three-wave cross-lagged design in two short-term longitudinal online studies assessing SC, perceived stress and coping responses in all waves. The first study explored the assumptions in a student sample (N = 684) with a mean age of 27.91 years over a six-week period, whereas the measurements were implemented in the GESIS Panel (N = 2934) with a mean age of 52.76 years analyzing the hypotheses in a populationbased sample across eight weeks. Finally, an ambulatory assessment study was designed to expand the findings of the longitudinal studies to the intraindividual level. Thus, a sample of 213 participants completed questionnaires of momentary SC, perceived stress, engagement and disengagement coping, and affective well-being on their smartphones three times per day over seven consecutive days. The data was processed using 1-1-1 multilevel mediation analyses. Results: Results of the meta-analysis indicated that higher SC is significantly associated with more use of engagement coping and less use of disengagement coping. Considering the relations between SC and stress processing variables in all three single studies, cross-lagged paths from the longitudinal data, as well as multilevel modeling paths from the ambulatory assessment data indicated a notable relation between all relevant stress variables. As expected, results showed a significant negative relation between SC and perceived stress and disengagement coping, as well as a positive connection with engagement coping responses at the dispositional and intra-individual level. However, considering the mediational hypothesis, the most promising pathway in the link between SC and affective well-being turned out to be perceived stress in all three studies, while effects of the mediational pathways through coping responses were less robust. Conclusion: Thus, a more self-compassionate attitude and higher momentary SC, when needed in specific situations, can help to engage in effective stress processing. Considering the underlying mechanisms in the link between SC and affective well-being, stress perception in particular seemed to be the most promising candidate for enhancing affective well-being at the dispositional and at the intraindividual level. Future research should explore the pathways between SC and affective well-being in specific contexts and samples, and also take into account additional influential factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Heinze2023,
  author    = {Heinze, Peter Eric},
  title     = {An exploration of activity and therapist preferences and their predictors in German-speaking samples},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-60753},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-607534},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {195},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {According to current definitions of evidence-based practice, patients' preferences play an important role for the psychotherapeutic process and outcomes. However, whereas a significant body of research investigated preferences regarding specific treatments, research on preferred activities or therapist characteristics is rare, investigated heterogeneous aspects with inconclusive results, lacked validated assessment tools, and neglected relevant preferences, their predictors as well as the perspective of mental health professionals. Therefore, the three studies of this dissertation aimed to address the most fundamental drawbacks in current preference research by providing a validated questionnaire, focus efforts on activity and therapist preferences and add preferences of psychotherapy trainees. To this end, Paper I reports the translation and validation of the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preference (C-NIP) in a broad, heterogeneous sample of N = 969 laypeople, resulting in good to acceptable reliabilities and first evidence of validity. However, the original factor structure was not replicated. Paper II assesses activity preferences of psychotherapists in training using the C-NIP and compares them with the initial laypeople sample. There were significant differences between both samples, with trainees preferring a more patient-directed, emotionally intense and confrontational approach than laypeople. CBT trainees preferred a more therapist-directed, present-focused, challenging and less emotional intense approach than psychodynamic or -analytic trainees. Paper III explores therapist preferences and tests predictors for specific preference choices. For most characteristics, more than half of the participants did not have specific preferences. Results pointed towards congruency effects (i.e., preference for similar characteristics), especially for members of marginalized groups. The dissertation provides both researchers and practitioners with a validated questionnaire, shows potentially obstructive differences between patients and therapists and underlines the importance of therapist characteristics for marginalized groups, thereby laying the foundation for future applications and implementations in research and practice.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Foerstner2023,
  author    = {F{\"o}rstner, Bernd Rainer},
  title     = {Transdiagnostic assessment of mental disorders using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach: relationship to disease severity},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-61115},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611150},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Traditionally, mental disorders have been identified based on specific symptoms and standardized diagnostic systems such as the DSM-5 and ICD-10. However, these symptom-based definitions may only partially represent neurobiological and behavioral research findings, which could impede the development of targeted treatments. A transdiagnostic approach to mental health research, such as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach, maps resilience and broader aspects of mental health to associated components. By investigating mental disorders in a transnosological way, we can better understand disease patterns and their distinguishing and common factors, leading to more precise prevention and treatment options. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on (1) the latent domain structure of the RDoC approach in a transnosological sample including healthy controls, (2) its domain associations to disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders, and (3) an overview of the scientific results found regarding Positive (PVS) and Negative Valence Systems (NVS) associated with mood and anxiety disorders. The following main results were found: First, the latent RDoC domain structure for PVS and NVS, Cognitive Systems (CS), and Social Processes (SP) could be validated using self-report and behavioral measures in a transnosological sample. Second, we found transdiagnostic and disease-specific associations between those four domains and disease severity in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders. Third, the scoping review showed a sizable amount of RDoC research conducted on PVS and NVS in mood and anxiety disorders, with research gaps for both domains and specific conditions. In conclusion, the research presented in this dissertation highlights the potential of the transnosological RDoC framework approach in improving our understanding of mental disorders. By exploring the latent RDoC structure and associations with disease severity and disease-specific and transnosological associations for anxiety and depressive disorders, this research provides valuable insights into the full spectrum of psychological functioning. Additionally, this dissertation highlights the need for further research in this area, identifying both RDoC indicators and research gaps. Overall, this dissertation represents an important contribution to the ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and the treatment of mental disorders, particularly within the commonly comorbid disease spectrum of mood and anxiety disorders.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kwarikunda2023,
  author    = {Kwarikunda, Diana},
  title     = {Interest, motivation, and learning strategies use during physics learning},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-60931},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-609311},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {viii, 221},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the developmental dynamics between interest, motivation, and learning strategy use during physics learning. The target population was lower secondary school students from a developing country, given that there is hardly in research that studies the above domain-specific concepts in the context of developing countries. The aim was addressed in four parts. The first part of the study was guided by three objectives: (a) to adapt and validate the Science Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ-II) for the Ugandan context; (b) to examine whether there are significant differences in motivation for learning Physics with respect to students' gender; and (c) to establish the extent to which students' interest predicts their motivation to learn Physics. Being a pilot study, the sample comprised 374 randomly selected students from five schools in central Uganda who responded to anonymous questionnaires that included scales from the SMQ-II and the Individual Interest Questionnaire. Data were analysed using confirmatory factor analyses, t-tests and structural equation modelling in SPSS-25 and Mplus-8. The five-factor model solution of the SMQ-II fitted adequately with the study data, with deletion of one item. The modified SMQ-II exhibited invariant factor loadings and intercepts (i.e., strong measurement invariance) when administered to boys and girls. Furthermore, on assessing whether motivation for learning Physics varied with gender, no significant differences were noted. On assessing the predictive effects of individual interest on students' motivation, individual interest significantly predicted all motivational constructs, with stronger predictive strength on students' self-efficacy and self-determination in learning Physics. In the second part whilst using comprised 934 Grade 9 students from eight secondary schools in Uganda, Latent profile analysis (LPA) - a person-centred approach was used to investigate motivation patterns that exist in lower secondary school students during physics learning. A three-step approach to LPA was used to answer three research questions: RQ1, which profiles of secondary school students exist with regards to their motivation for Physics learning; RQ2, are there differences in students' cognitive learning strategies in the identified profiles; and RQ3, does students' gender, attitudes, and individual interest predict membership in these profiles? Six motivational profiles were identified: (i) low-quantity motivation profile (101 students; 10.8\%); (ii) moderate-quantity motivation profile (246 students; 26.3\%); (iii) high-quantity motivation profile (365 students; 39.1\%); (iv) primarily intrinsically motivated profile (60 students,6.4\%); (v) mostly extrinsically motivated profile (88 students, 9.4\%); and (vi) grade-introjected profile (74 students, 7.9\%). Low-quantity and grade introjected motivated students mostly used surface learning strategies whilst the high-quantity and primarily intrinsically motivated students used deep learning strategies. On examining the predictive effect of gender, individual interest, and students' attitudes on the profile membership, unlike gender, individual interest and students' attitudes towards Physics learning strongly predicted profile membership. In the third part of the study, the occurrence of different secondary school learner profiles depending on their various combinations of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategy use, as well as their differences in perceived autonomy support, intrinsic motivation, and gender was examined. Data were collected from 576 9th grade student. Four learner profiles were identified: competent strategy user, struggling user, surface-level learner, and deep-level learner profiles. Gender differences were noted in students' use of elaboration and organization strategies to learn Physics, in favour of girls. In terms of profile memberships, significant differences in gender, intrinsic motivation and perceived autonomy support were also noted. Girls were 2.4 - 2.7 times more likely than boys to be members of the competent strategy user and surface-level learner profiles. Additionally, higher levels of intrinsic motivation predicted an increased likelihood membership into the deep-level learner profile, whilst higher levels of perceived teacher autonomy predicted an increased likelihood membership into the competent strategy user profile as compared to other profiles. Lastly, in the fourth part, changes in secondary school students' physics motivation and cognitive learning strategies use during physics learning across time were examined. Two waves of data were collected from initially 954 9th students through to their 10th grade. A three-step approach to Latent transition analysis was used. Generally, students' motivation decreased from 9th to 10th grade. Qualitative students' motivation profiles indicated strong with-in person stability whilst the quantitative profiles were relatively less stable. Mostly, students moved from the high quantity motivation profile to the extrinsically motivated profiles. On the other hand, the cognitive learning strategies use profiles were moderately stable; with higher with-in person stability in the deep-level learner profile. None of the struggling users and surface-level learners transitioned into the deep-level learners' profile. Additionally, students who perceived increased support for autonomy from their teachers had higher membership likelihood into the competent users' profiles whilst those with an increase in individual interest score had higher membership likelihood into the deep-level learner profile.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AsselmannHolstSpecht2023,
  author    = {Asselmann, Eva and Holst, Elke and Specht, Jule},
  title     = {Longitudinal bidirectional associations between personality and becoming a leader},
  series = {Journal of personality},
  volume    = {91},
  journal   = {Journal of personality},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Boston, Mass. [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0022-3506},
  doi       = {10.1111/jopy.12719},
  pages     = {285 -- 298},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Objective Leaders differ in their personalities from non-leaders. However, when do these differences emerge? Are leaders "born to be leaders" or does their personality change in preparation for a leadership role and due to increasing leadership experience? Method Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we examined personality differences between leaders (N = 2683 leaders, women: n = 967; 36.04\%) and non-leaders (N = 33,663) as well as personality changes before and after becoming a leader. Results Already in the years before starting a leadership position, leaders-to-be were more extraverted, open, emotionally stable, conscientious, and willing to take risks, felt to have greater control, and trusted others more than non-leaders. Moreover, personality changed in emergent leaders: While approaching a leadership position, leaders-to-be (especially men) became gradually more extraverted, open, and willing to take risks and felt to have more control over their life. After becoming a leader, they became less extraverted, less willing to take risks, and less conscientious but gained self-esteem. Conclusions Our findings suggest that people are not simply "born to be leaders" but that their personalities change considerably in preparation for a leadership role and due to leadership experience. Some changes are transient, but others last for a long time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Kayser2023,
  author    = {Kayser, Daniela Niesta},
  title     = {Lehrkr{\"a}ftegesundheit und Umgang mit Beanspruchungsfolgen im Praxissemester},
  series = {PSI-Potsdam: Ergebnisbericht zu den Aktivit{\"a}ten im Rahmen der Qualit{\"a}tsoffensive Lehrerbildung (2019-2023) (Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung ; 3)},
  journal   = {PSI-Potsdam: Ergebnisbericht zu den Aktivit{\"a}ten im Rahmen der Qualit{\"a}tsoffensive Lehrerbildung (2019-2023) (Potsdamer Beitr{\"a}ge zur Lehrerbildung und Bildungsforschung ; 3)},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-86956-568-2},
  issn      = {2626-3556},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-61864},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-618643},
  pages     = {375 -- 393},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Mit Blick auf den Schuldienst existieren viele Studien zur Arbeitsbelastung und Arbeitsbeanspruchung von Lehrkr{\"a}ften. Bereits die Praxisphasen im Lehramtsstudium sind gepr{\"a}gt von zahlreichen Anforderungen f{\"u}r Lehramtsanw{\"a}rter:innen, weshalb Wissen und Kenntnisse um eigene Ressourcen eine erhebliche Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Ressourcennutzung zur Bew{\"a}ltigung der Anforderungen und zur Gesunderhaltung darstellen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt den Gesundheitsbegriff sowie die theoretischen Grundlagen der Ressourcen zur Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung anhand repr{\"a}sentativer Studien innerhalb sowie außerhalb des Potsdamer Praxissemesters vor. Insbesondere wird sich den Anforderungen im Praxissemester, die durch die Corona-Pandemie gepr{\"a}gt waren, gewidmet. Ziel ist es, angehenden Lehrkr{\"a}ften die wichtigsten Methoden bzw. Strategien der Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung zu vermitteln und sie damit zur St{\"a}rkung ihrer eigenen Gesundheit auch in Zeiten erh{\"o}hter Belastung bzw. in Krisenzeiten zu bef{\"a}higen. Erste empirische Ergebnisse aus einer qualitativen Erhebung zeigen, dass die Teilnehmenden in Bezug auf innere Ressourcen die zentrale Rolle von produktiven {\"U}berzeugungssystemen und produktiven Bew{\"a}ltigungsstrategien betonen. Ein Mentoringprogramm, angelegt analog zur Potsdamer AG der Mentor:innenqualifzierung, k{\"o}nnte dazu dienen, inhaltliche Eckpunkte zur Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung im Unterricht des Praxissemesters zu verankern und angehende Lehrkr{\"a}fte zu begleiten.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Hettinger2023,
  author    = {Hettinger, Katharina},
  title     = {Teaching-related self-efficacy beliefs of teachers},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Teacher self-efficacy is highly relevant for effective teaching, student academic development, and teachers' wellbeing, as theoretical work (Bandura, 1997; Tschannen-Moran et al., 1998) and empirical studies (i.e., Burić \& Kim, 2020; Klassen \& Chiu, 2010; van Uden et al., 2013) have shown associations with effective classroom management, student support, student motivation, and teachers' job satisfaction. Given the importance of teacher self-efficacy for teaching and learning, it is interesting to note that existing research is limited in several aspects - first, longitudinal studies on the relations between teacher self-efficacy and student academic outcomes are widely missing; second, empirical studies often assess teacher self-efficacy as a one-dimensional construct, neglecting its multidimensional character; third, studies often only focus on either the students' or the teachers' perspective on teaching and thus do not include simultaneously multiple sources of information on teaching practices as a consequence of teacher self-efficacy; fourth, research often does not systematically consider the effects of teacher self-efficacy on students' academic outcomes at both the group and individual level. Against this backdrop, this dissertation presents three longitudinal studies that aim to contribute to a more detailed perspective on teacher self-efficacy by examining systematically and longitudinally the relations between multiple dimensions of teacher self-efficacy and theoretically aligned teaching quality facets as perceived by teachers and students, as well as their relations to students' motivational-affective outcomes - more concretely, their relations to students' interest, enjoyment, and self-efficacy in a multi-level analysis approach. Study 1 examines the longitudinal relations between teacher self-efficacy for classroom management and student-perceived monitoring and social relatedness, and investigates whether the two student-reported teaching dimensions explain the relations between teacher self-efficacy for classroom management and student enjoyment using multi-level analyses. Study 2 examines longitudinally how teacher self-efficacy for student engagement relates to student interest through student- and teacher-perceived emotional support. Also, including student and teacher perspectives on teaching, Study 3 examines the longitudinal relations between specific facets of teacher self-efficacy for classroom management and classroom discipline, teacher self-efficacy for instructional strategies and cognitive activation, teacher self-efficacy for student engagement and competence support, teacher self-efficacy for emotional support and social relatedness, as well as teacher self-efficacy for student-oriented teaching and learning goal-oriented instruction with students' enjoyment and self-efficacy. Furthermore, in Studies 2 and 3 the cross-level mediation effects of longitudinal relations with teacher self-efficacy on student motivational-affective characteristics via teaching practices are examined in order to address the lack of empirical studies disentangling the relations for specifically individual- vs. group-level effects. The limitations and implications are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical relevance for school practice, teacher education, and teacher training.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{RothRawald2023,
  author    = {Roth-Rawald, Julia},
  title     = {Krankheits{\"a}ngste in verschiedenen Populationen und die Effektivit{\"a}t ambulanter Verhaltenstheraphie},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {109},
  year      = {2023},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{StoneNicenboimVasishthetal.2023,
  author    = {Stone, Kate and Nicenboim, Bruno and Vasishth, Shravan and R{\"o}sler, Frank},
  title     = {Understanding the effects of constraint and predictability in ERP},
  series = {Neurobiology of language},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Neurobiology of language},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  address   = {Cambridge, MA, USA},
  issn      = {2641-4368},
  doi       = {10.1162/nol_a_00094},
  pages     = {221 -- 256},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Intuitively, strongly constraining contexts should lead to stronger probabilistic representations of sentences in memory. Encountering unexpected words could therefore be expected to trigger costlier shifts in these representations than expected words. However, psycholinguistic measures commonly used to study probabilistic processing, such as the N400 event-related potential (ERP) component, are sensitive to word predictability but not to contextual constraint. Some research suggests that constraint-related processing cost may be measurable via an ERP positivity following the N400, known as the anterior post-N400 positivity (PNP). The PNP is argued to reflect update of a sentence representation and to be distinct from the posterior P600, which reflects conflict detection and reanalysis. However, constraint-related PNP findings are inconsistent. We sought to conceptually replicate Federmeier et al. (2007) and Kuperberg et al. (2020), who observed that the PNP, but not the N400 or the P600, was affected by constraint at unexpected but plausible words. Using a pre-registered design and statistical approach maximising power, we demonstrated a dissociated effect of predictability and constraint: strong evidence for predictability but not constraint in the N400 window, and strong evidence for constraint but not predictability in the later window. However, the constraint effect was consistent with a P600 and not a PNP, suggesting increased conflict between a strong representation and unexpected input rather than greater update of the representation. We conclude that either a simple strong/weak constraint design is not always sufficient to elicit the PNP, or that previous PNP constraint findings could be an artifact of smaller sample size.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PollatosMoenkemoellerGroppeetal.2023,
  author    = {Pollatos, Olga and M{\"o}nkem{\"o}ller, Karla and Groppe, Karoline and Elsner, Birgit},
  title     = {Interoceptive accuracy is associated with benefits in decision making in children},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070037},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Introduction: Decision making results not only from logical analyses, but seems to be further guided by the ability to perceive somatic information (interoceptive accuracy). Relations between interoceptive accuracy and decision making have been exclusively studied in adults and with regard to complex, uncertain situations (as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT). Methods: In the present study, 1454 children (6-11 years) were examined at two time points (approximately 1 year apart) using an IGT as well as a delay-of-gratification task for sweets-items and toy-items. Interoceptive accuracy was measured using a child-adapted version of the Heartbeat Perception Task. Results: The present results revealed that children with higher, as compared to lower, interoceptive accuracy showed more advantageous choices in the IGT and delayed more sweets-items, but not toy-items, in a delay-of-gratification task at time point 2 but not at time point 1. However, no longitudinal relation between interoceptive accuracy and decision making 1 year later could be shown. Discussion: Results indicate that interoceptive accuracy relates to decision-making abilities in situations of varying complexity already in middle childhood, and that this link might consolidate across the examined 1-year period. Furthermore, the association of interoceptive accuracy and the delay of sweets-items might have implications for the regulation of body weight at a later age.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RezoriBuchallikWarschburger2022,
  author    = {Rezori, Roman Enzio von and Buchallik, Friederike and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Validation of the German Benefit Finding Scale for youth with chronic conditions},
  series = {Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health},
  publisher = {Biomed Central},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1753-2000},
  doi       = {10.1186/s13034-021-00438-7},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background Benefit finding, defined as perceiving positive life changes resulting from adversity and negative life stressors, gains growing attention in the context of chronic illness. The study aimed at examining the psychometric properties of the Benefit Finding Scale for Children (BFSC) in a sample of German youth facing chronic conditions. Methods A sample of adolescents with various chronic conditions (N = 304; 12 - 21years) completed the 10-item BFSC along with measures of intra- and interpersonal resources, coping strategies, and health-related quality of life (hrQoL). The total sample was randomly divided into two subsamples for conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA/CFA). Results EFA revealed that the BFSC scores had a one-dimensional factor structure. CFA verified the one-dimensional factor structure with an acceptable fit. The BFSC exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.87 - 0.88) and construct validity. In line with our hypotheses, benefit finding was positively correlated with optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and support seeking. There were no correlations with avoidance, wishful thinking, emotional reaction, and hrQoL. Sex differences in benefit finding were not consistent across subsamples. Benefit finding was also positively associated with age, disease severity, and social status. Conclusions The BFSC is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess benefit finding in adolescents with chronic illness and may facilitate further research on positive adaptation processes in adolescents, irrespective of their specific diagnosis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GmeinerWarschburger2022,
  author    = {Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Simply too much},
  series = {Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Eating and weight disorders : studies on anorexia, bulimia and obesity},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {1590-1262},
  doi       = {10.1007/s40519-021-01170-z},
  pages     = {317 -- 324},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Purpose Weight bias internalization (WBI) is associated with negative health consequences such as eating disorders and psychosocial problems in children. To date, it is unknown to what extent WBI considerably raises the risk of negative outcomes. Methods Analyses are based on cross-sectional data of 1,061 children (9-13 years, M = 11, SD = 0.9; 52.1\% female) who filled in the WBI scale (WBIS-C). First, ROC analyses were run to identify critical cut-off values of WBI (WBIS-C score) that identify those who are at higher risk for psychosocial problems or eating disorder symptoms (as reported by parents). Second, it was examined whether WBI is more sensitive than the relative weight status in that respect. Third, to confirm that the cut-off value is also accompanied by higher psychological strain, high- and low-risk groups were compared in terms of their self-reported depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem. Results WBIS-C scores >= 1.55 were associated with a higher risk of disturbed eating behavior; for psychosocial problems, no cut-off score reached adequate sensitivity and specificity. Compared to relative weight status, WBI was better suited to detect disturbed eating behavior. Children with a WBIS-C score >= 1.55 also reported higher scores for both depressive and anxious symptoms, higher body dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. Conclusion The WBIS-C is suitable for identifying risk groups, and even low levels of WBI are accompanied by adverse mental health. Therefore, WBI is, beyond weight status, an important risk factor that should be considered in prevention and intervention.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AyBrysonWeckKuehne2022,
  author    = {Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde and Weck, Florian and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
  title     = {Can simulated patient encounters appear authentic?},
  series = {Training and education in professional psychology},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Training and education in professional psychology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1931-3918},
  doi       = {10.1037/tep0000349},
  pages     = {20 -- 27},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Public Significance Statement This study demonstrates that simulated patients (SPs) can authentically portray a depressive case. The results provide preliminary evidence of psychometrically sound properties of the rating scale that contributes to distinguishing between authentic and unauthentic SPs and may thus foster SPs' dissemination into evidence-based training. <br /> For training purposes, simulated patients (SPs), that is, healthy people portraying a disorder, are disseminating more into clinical psychology and psychotherapy. In the current study, we developed an observer-based rating instrument for the evaluation of SP authenticity-namely, it not being possible to distinguish them from real patients-so as to foster their use in evidence-based training. We applied a multistep inductive approach to develop the Authenticity of Patient Demonstrations (APD) scale. Ninety-seven independent psychotherapy trainees, 77.32\% female, mean age of 31.49 (SD = 5.17) years, evaluated the authenticity of 2 independent SPs, each of whom portrayed a depressive patient. The APD demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .83) and a strong correlation (r = .82) with an established tool for assessing SP performance in medical contexts. The APD scale distinguished significantly between an authentic and unauthentic SP (d = 2.35). Preliminary evidence for the psychometric properties of the APD indicates that the APD could be a viable tool for recruiting, training, and evaluating the authenticity of SPs. Strengths, limitations, and future directions are also discussed in detail.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RisseKruegelBackhaus2022,
  author    = {Risse, Sarah and Kr{\"u}gel, Andre and Backhaus, Daniel},
  title     = {Open Education in Methods Training},
  series = {Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie},
  volume    = {73},
  journal   = {Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {HOGREFE VERLAG},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {0033-3042},
  doi       = {10.1026/0033-3042/a000602},
  pages     = {206 -- 208},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RentzschSchroederAbe2022,
  author    = {Rentzsch, Katrin and Schr{\"o}der-Ab{\´e}, Michela},
  title     = {Top down or bottom up?},
  series = {Journal of personality and social psychology / American Psychological Association},
  volume    = {122},
  journal   = {Journal of personality and social psychology / American Psychological Association},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0022-3514},
  doi       = {10.1037/pspp0000393},
  pages     = {714 -- 730},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Classical theoretical perspectives have implied that either global self-esteem has an impact on domain-specific self-esteem (top-down) or domain-specific self-esteem affects global self-esteem (bottom-up). The goal of the present research was to investigate whether classical top-down and bottom-up approaches could withstand a thorough test. To do so, we applied elaborate analytical methods in a four-wave longitudinal study across 6 years with preregistered hypotheses and data analyses. We analyzed data from N = 1,417 German participants (30.6\% men, median of 12 to 13 years of education) with an average age of 47.0 years (SD = 12.4, range 18 to 88) at intake. Analyses using latent variable approaches for modeling intraindividual change provided evidence of top-down effects only. For example, participants with higher global self-esteem exhibited an increase in performance self-esteem but not vice versa. Our results also provided evidence of "vertical" associations between global and domain-specific self-esteem, that is, parallel development within the same time frame. In addition, the analyses revealed high rank order stability and a substantial trait component in global self-esteem and the self-esteem domains. The present findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the stability and development of self-esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of global and domain-specific self-esteem in personality theory.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MeixnerNixonLaubrock2022,
  author    = {Meixner, Johannes M. and Nixon, Jessie S. and Laubrock, Jochen},
  title     = {The perceptual span is dynamically adjusted in response to foveal load by beginning readers},
  series = {Journal of experimental psychology : general},
  volume    = {151},
  journal   = {Journal of experimental psychology : general},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0096-3445},
  doi       = {10.1037/xge0001140},
  pages     = {1219 -- 1232},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The perceptual span describes the size of the visual field from which information is obtained during a fixation in reading. Its size depends on characteristics of writing system and reader, but-according to the foveal load hypothesis-it is also adjusted dynamically as a function of lexical processing difficulty. Using the moving window paradigm to manipulate the amount of preview, here we directly test whether the perceptual span shrinks as foveal word difficulty increases. We computed the momentary size of the span from word-based eye-movement measures as a function of foveal word frequency, allowing us to separately describe the perceptual span for information affecting spatial saccade targeting and temporal saccade execution. First fixation duration and gaze duration on the upcoming (parafoveal) word N + 1 were significantly shorter when the current (foveal) word N was more frequent. We show that the word frequency effect is modulated by window size. Fixation durations on word N + 1 decreased with high-frequency words N, but only for large windows, that is, when sufficient parafoveal preview was available. This provides strong support for the foveal load hypothesis. To investigate the development of the foveal load effect, we analyzed data from three waves of a longitudinal study on the perceptual span with German children in Grades 1 to 6. Perceptual span adjustment emerged early in development at around second grade and remained stable in later grades. We conclude that the local modulation of the perceptual span indicates a general cognitive process, perhaps an attentional gradient with rapid readjustment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KawasakiAkamatsuWarschburger2022,
  author    = {Kawasaki, Yui and Akamatsu, Rie and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {The relationship between traditional and common Japanese childhood education and adulthood towards avoiding food waste behaviors},
  series = {Waste Management},
  volume    = {145},
  journal   = {Waste Management},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0956-053X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.020},
  pages     = {1 -- 9},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Japanese parents and educators teach children to refrain from leaving food in their plates. Their teachings have direct (advising children to refrain from leaving food uneaten) and indirect (meal-related rituals before and after mealtimes) influence in enhancing gratitude for food in daily life.This cross-sectional study aimed to examine 1) the interaction of direct and indirect approaches to avoiding food waste behaviors and 2) the mediation of gratitude for food by preventing such behaviors. Overall, 400 Japanese adults (female: n = 200) responded to a self-administrated anonymous questionnaire survey measuring: the present food waste avoiding behaviors; current gratitude for food; direct and indirect childhood approaches for avoiding food waste behaviors. Participants' mean (standard deviation) age and body mass index were 40.0 (11.6) and 21.9 (3.9), respectively. A significant main effect of the indirect approach and the interaction of direct and indirect approaches were obtained by adjusting the participants' background. Moreover, through mediation analyses with percentile-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals, it was observed that gratitude for food mediated the association between direct and indirect childhood approaches and avoiding food waste behaviors. Despite no information on the current meal-related rituals of the respondents, this study suggests the potential of these approaches in enhancing gratitude for food as a new approach to reduce food waste worldwide.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Spiegel2022,
  author    = {Spiegel, Thomas Jussuf},
  title     = {Liberal naturalism without reenchantment},
  series = {European journal for philosophy of religion},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {European journal for philosophy of religion},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {University of Innsbruck},
  address   = {Innsbruck},
  issn      = {1689-8311},
  doi       = {10.24204/EJPR.2022.3350},
  pages     = {207 -- 229},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {There is a close conceptual relation between the notions of religious disenchantment and scientific naturalism. One way of resisting philosophical and cultural implications of the scientific image and the subsequent process of disenchantment can be found in attempts at sketching a reenchanted worldview. The main issue of accounts of reenchantment can be a rejection of scientific results in a way that flies in the face of good reason. Opposed to such reenchantment is scientific naturalism which implies an entirely disenchanted worldview. However, one of the main problems of scientific naturalism are placement problems. A reenchanted worldview does have the conceptual resources to avoid placement problems, yet seems to throw out the baby (a reasonable appeal to science as an authority) with the bathwater (placement problems). A dilemma results: the Scylla of an undesirable scientific naturalism and the Charybdis of a rampant, seemingly prescientific reenchanted worldview. In this article I argue that there is a safe middle passage between these two options, i.e. the recently proposed liberal naturalism which allows for a moderate normative reenchantment. Liberal naturalism lets us have it both ways: avoiding the placement problems while retaining a necessary and reasonable adherence to science, thereby avoiding both an all-too restrictive scientific naturalism.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BehrendWarschburger2022,
  author    = {Behrend, Nicole and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Validation of a German version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2)},
  series = {Body image : an international journal of research},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Body image : an international journal of research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1740-1445},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.020},
  pages     = {216 -- 224},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is the most current measure of body appreciation, a central facet of positive body image. This work aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of a German version. In Study 1 (N = 659; M-age = 27.19, SD = 8.57), exploratory factor analyses (EFA) revealed that the German BAS-2 has a one-dimensional factor structure in women and men, showing cross-gender factor similarity. In Study 2 (N = 472; M-age = 30.08, SD = 12.35), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further supported the original scale's one-dimensional factor structure after freeing correlated errors. The German BAS-2 also showed partial scalar invariance across gender, with women and men not differing significantly in latent mean scores. As predicted, we found convergent relationships with measures of self-esteem, intuitive eating, and variables associated with negative body image (i.e., weight-and shape concerns, drive for thinness). Correlations with BMI were small and in an inverse direction. Incremental validity was demonstrated by predicting self-esteem and intuitive eating over and above measures of negative body image. Additionally, the German BAS-2 showed internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability. Overall, our results suggest that the German BAS-2 is a psychometrically sound instrument.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MaassKuehnePoltzetal.2022,
  author    = {Maaß, Ulrike and K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Poltz, Nadine and Lorenz, Anna and Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde and Weck, Florian},
  title     = {Live supervision in psychotherapy training},
  series = {Training and education in professional psychology},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Training and education in professional psychology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {1931-3918},
  doi       = {10.1037/tep0000390},
  pages     = {130 -- 142},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {There is increasing interest in improving psychotherapy training using evidence-based supervision. One approach is live supervision (LS), in which the supervisor offers immediate feedback to the trainee (e.g., via microphone, text messages) during the session. This review summarizes the research on LS and its main results. The databases Web of Science Core Collection, PsycArticles, PsycBooks, PsycInfo, PSYNDEX, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and PubMed were searched from inception to January 23, 2020 (including a backward search) and updated November 15, 2020. The inclusion criteria (i.e., main focus on LS, immediate feedback from a present supervisor, psychological setting) were met by k = 138 publications, including k = 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; N = 339). Two reviewers independently evaluated the RCTs' risk of bias using the revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool. Most publications had a family therapy background (59\%), were categorized as nonempirical (55\%), aimed primarily at describing or comparing specific LS methods (35\%), and displayed positive views on LS (87\%). Based on the RCTs, LS was superior to no-supervision in 78\% of all comparisons, but only in 13\% of the cases compared to a delayed supervision (DS) condition (i.e., regarding trainee skills, patient outcomes, or other variables). These results somewhat contradict the overall favorable views in the literature. However, the generalizability is limited due to a lack of high-quality studies and substantial heterogeneity in terms of LS methods, concepts, outcomes, and measurements. Ideas for more systematic research on LS regarding objectives and methods are proposed. <br /> Public Significance Statement This review summarizes research on live supervision (LS). LS is a form of supervision in psychotherapy training in which the supervisor observes the trainee's therapy session and provides immediate feedback. The review concludes that LS is probably as effective as delayed supervision (DS), although more high-quality research is needed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Angerer2022,
  author    = {Angerer, Marie-Luise},
  title     = {Nicht-bewusst},
  publisher = {Turia + Kant},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-98514-019-0},
  pages     = {119},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die digitale Aufr{\"u}stung des Sozialen und Psychischen schreitet voran. Social media, verkabelte Infrastrukturen und autonome technische Artefakte bestimmen das Bild einer Gesellschaft, die in immer komplexeren Gef{\"u}gen agiert. Die zunehmende Pr{\"a}senz von nonhumanen Agenten (nicht nur in Film und Literatur), die Entwicklung von smarten Objekten und die sensortechnologische Ausstattung des menschlichen K{\"o}rpers und der Umwelt f{\"u}hren zu Kurzschl{\"u}ssen zwischen humaner und nonhumaner agency, die nicht mehr unbewusst, sondern nichtbewusst sind. Das Unbewusste der Psychoanalyse ist an ein humanes (sprachlich-symbolisch organisiertes) Subjekt gekoppelt, der Begriff »nicht«-bewusst verbindet hingegen technische, mentale und k{\"o}rperliche Prozesse und ist damit nicht mehr ausschließlich dem Menschen zuzuordnen. Doch wie ist dieses ›nichtbewusst‹ zu fassen: ist es etwas Zus{\"a}tzliches, ist es eine neue Zone, die sich zwischen unbewusst und bewusst schiebt, oder wird durch die Unterscheidung von unbewusst und bewusst dadurch insgesamt in Frage gestellt? Manches deutet auf die zweite Entwicklung hin. Denn sp{\"a}testens mit der Kybernetik werden technische und neuronale Prozesse zusammen gedacht. Gilbert Simondon hat die technische und humane Entwicklung als einen Prozess verstanden. Catherine Malabou f{\"u}hrt den Begriff des cerebral nonconscious ein, um das psychoanalytische Unbewusste in ein nichtbewusstes Gehirn {\"u}berzuf{\"u}hren, und N. Katherine Hayles spricht von nonconscious cognition, um das Zusammenwirken von neuronalen und technischen Prozessen zu benennen. Doch all diesen Unternehmungen, die diese (intensiven) Beziehungen von Gehirn und Maschine zu fassen suchen, fehlt ein wesentliches Moment der Verkopplung und psychischen Integration. Hierf{\"u}r wird der Begriff des Affektiven eingef{\"u}hrt, der als technischer Terminus die Bewegungen des Schließens, Unterbrechens und {\"U}bersetzens zwischen human und nonhuman bezeichnet. Dadurch werden die Kurzschl{\"u}sse von psycho-technischen Prozessen als nichtbewusste Taktung von Bewegungs- und Zeitformationen fassbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{HeinzeWeckKuehne2022,
  author    = {Heinze, Peter Eric and Weck, Florian and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
  title     = {Assessing Patient Preferences},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-54414},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-544140},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Despite the positive effects of including patients' preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzeWeckHahnetal.2022,
  author    = {Heinze, Peter Eric and Weck, Florian and Hahn, Daniela and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
  title     = {Differences in psychotherapy preferences between psychotherapy trainees and laypeople},
  series = {Psychotherapy research : the official journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {Psychotherapy research : the official journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1050-3307},
  doi       = {10.1080/10503307.2022.2098076},
  pages     = {374 -- 386},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Objective: Despite increasing research on psychotherapy preferences, the preferences of psychotherapy trainees are largely unknown. Moreover, differences in preferences between trainees and their patients could (a) hinder symptom improvement and therapy success for patients and (b) represent significant obstacles in the early career and development of future therapists. Method: We compared the preferences of n = 466 psychotherapy trainees to those of n = 969 laypersons using the Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences. Moreover, we compared preferences between trainees in cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic trainees. Results: We found significant differences between both samples in 13 of 18 items, and three of four subscales. Psychotherapy trainees preferred less therapist directiveness (d = 0.58), more emotional intensity (d = 0.74), as well as more focused challenge (d = 0.35) than laypeople. CBT trainees preferred more therapist directiveness (d = 2.00), less emotional intensity (d = 0.51), more present orientation (d = 0.76) and more focused challenge (d = 0.33) than trainees in psychodynamic/psychoanalytic therapy. Conclusion: Overall, the results underline the importance of implementing preference assessment and discussion during psychotherapy training. Moreover, therapists of different orientations seem to cover a large range of preferences for patients, in order to choose the right fit.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzeWeckKuehne2022,
  author    = {Heinze, Peter Eric and Weck, Florian and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
  title     = {Assessing patient preferences},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Despite the positive effects of including patients' preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinzeWeckKuehne2022,
  author    = {Heinze, Peter Eric and Weck, Florian and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
  title     = {Assessing Patient Preferences},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795776},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Despite the positive effects of including patients' preferences into therapy on psychotherapy outcomes, there are still few thoroughly validated assessment tools at hand. We translated the 18-item Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) into German and aimed at replicating its factor structure. Further, we investigated the reliability of the questionnaire and its convergence with trait measures. A heterogeneous sample of N = 969 participants took part in our online survey. Performing ESEM models, we found acceptable model fit for a four-factor structure similar to the original factor structure. Furthermore, we propose an alternative model following the adjustment of single items. The German C-NIP showed acceptable to good reliability, as well as small correlations with Big-Five personality traits, trait and attachment anxiety, locus of control, and temporal focus. However, we recommend further replication of the factor structure and further validation of the C-NIP.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CalvanoWarschburger2022,
  author    = {Calvano, Claudia and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Treatment for pediatric functional abdominal pain},
  series = {Journal of pediatric psychology},
  volume    = {47},
  journal   = {Journal of pediatric psychology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0146-8693},
  doi       = {10.1093/jpepsy/jsac011},
  pages     = {483 -- 496},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Objective While cross-sectional studies underline that child and parent factors in pediatric chronic pain are reciprocally related, so far, little is known on their prospective relationship, especially in treatment contexts. This study aims to analyze directions of influence between child and parental outcomes using data from an intervention study. Methods The sample covered 109 families with children aged 7-13 years diagnosed with functional abdominal pain (FAP). Child outcomes included pain and impairment, and parental outcomes covered caregiver-specific distress including both parental personal time burden (i.e., less time available for personal needs) and emotional burden due to child's pain (i.e., increased worries). Cross-lagged panel analyses examined the directions of the relations between child and parental outcomes across time (pretreatment T1, post-treatment T2, and 3-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up T3/T4). Results First, a significant improvement over time in all measures was observed. Cross-lagged effects were found for less parental personal time burden at T2, predicting both less pain (beta = -0.254, p = .004) and less impairment (beta = -0.150, p = .039) at T3. Higher baseline pain was predictive for higher parental emotional burden after treatment (beta = -0.130, p = .049) and, reversely, for less emotional burden at 12-month follow-up (beta = 0.261, p = .004). Conclusions Addressing parental personal time burden in FAP treatment might possibly support the improvement on the child level. Replication of results in larger samples is warranted to gain more insight into the directions of influence and, in that way, to optimize treatment for pediatric FAP.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EngbertRabeSchwetlicketal.2022,
  author    = {Engbert, Ralf and Rabe, Maximilian Michael and Schwetlick, Lisa and Seelig, Stefan A. and Reich, Sebastian and Vasishth, Shravan},
  title     = {Data assimilation in dynamical cognitive science},
  series = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Trends in cognitive sciences},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1364-6613},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.tics.2021.11.006},
  pages     = {99 -- 102},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Dynamical models make specific assumptions about cognitive processes that generate human behavior. In data assimilation, these models are tested against timeordered data. Recent progress on Bayesian data assimilation demonstrates that this approach combines the strengths of statistical modeling of individual differences with the those of dynamical cognitive models.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StoneVasishthMalsburg2022,
  author    = {Stone, Kate and Vasishth, Shravan and Malsburg, Titus von der},
  title     = {Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles?},
  series = {PLOS ONE},
  journal   = {PLOS ONE},
  publisher = {PLOS ONE},
  address   = {San Francisco, California, US},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0267813},
  pages     = {1 -- 25},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers' predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed […] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music […] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1μV for the N400 and larger than 3μV for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{StoneNicenboimVasishthetal.2022,
  author    = {Stone, Kate and Nicenboim, Bruno and Vasishth, Shravan and R{\"o}sler, Frank},
  title     = {Understanding the effects of constraint and predictability in ERP},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {829},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58759},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-587594},
  pages     = {71},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Intuitively, strongly constraining contexts should lead to stronger probabilistic representations of sentences in memory. Encountering unexpected words could therefore be expected to trigger costlier shifts in these representations than expected words. However, psycholinguistic measures commonly used to study probabilistic processing, such as the N400 event-related potential (ERP) component, are sensitive to word predictability but not to contextual constraint. Some research suggests that constraint-related processing cost may be measurable via an ERP positivity following the N400, known as the anterior post-N400 positivity (PNP). The PNP is argued to reflect update of a sentence representation and to be distinct from the posterior P600, which reflects conflict detection and reanalysis. However, constraint-related PNP findings are inconsistent. We sought to conceptually replicate Federmeier et al. (2007) and Kuperberg et al. (2020), who observed that the PNP, but not the N400 or the P600, was affected by constraint at unexpected but plausible words. Using a pre-registered design and statistical approach maximising power, we demonstrated a dissociated effect of predictability and constraint: strong evidence for predictability but not constraint in the N400 window, and strong evidence for constraint but not predictability in the later window. However, the constraint effect was consistent with a P600 and not a PNP, suggesting increased conflict between a strong representation and unexpected input rather than greater update of the representation. We conclude that either a simple strong/weak constraint design is not always sufficient to elicit the PNP, or that previous PNP constraint findings could be an artifact of smaller sample size.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BirkeBondue2022,
  author    = {Birke, Joseph and Bond{\"u}, Rebecca},
  title     = {From fantasy to reality},
  series = {The journal of sex research},
  volume    = {60},
  journal   = {The journal of sex research},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {0022-4499},
  doi       = {10.1080/00224499.2021.2022588},
  pages     = {558 -- 573},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) have been related to various forms of harmful sexual behavior in both sex offender and community samples. However, more research is needed to fully understand this relation, particularly whether ASF is associated with harmful sexual behavior beyond hostile sexism against women and a sexual preference for violence and sexual violence. In the present study, N = 428 participants (61.9\% women) between 18 and 83 years of age (M = 28.17, SD = 9.7) reported their ASF and hostile sexism. They rated their sexual arousal by erotic, violent, and sexually violent pictures as a direct measure of sexual preference. Response latencies between stimulus presentation and arousal ratings were used as an indirect measure of sexual preference. ASF and the directly and indirectly assessed sexual preference for violent and sexually violent stimuli were positively correlated. They were unrelated to hostile sexism against women. ASF showed the strongest associations with self-reported sexually sadistic behavior and presumably non-consensual sexual sadism beyond these preferences and hostile sexism in the total group and separately among men and women. The findings indicate that ASF and sexual preference are not equivalent constructs and further underscore the potential relevance of ASF for harmful sexual behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EwertHoffmannSchroederAbe2022,
  author    = {Ewert, Christina and Hoffmann, Cosma Frauke Antonia and Schr{\"o}der-Ab{\´e}, Michela},
  title     = {Stress processing mediates the link between momentary self-compassion and affective well-being},
  series = {Mindfulness},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Mindfulness},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {1868-8527},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12671-022-01954-z},
  pages     = {2269 -- 2281},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Objectives While the positive effects of trait self-compassion on affective well-being are widely known, within-person effects of state self-compassion and underlying mechanisms between state self-compassion and affective well-being have rarely been investigated. The current study aimed at examining whether perceived stress and healthier coping responses are mediators in the relation between momentary self-compassion and affective well-being. Methods A total of 213 participants completed measures of momentary self-compassion, momentary perceived stress, and engagement and disengagement coping responses, as well as affective well-being (i.e., presence of positive and absence of negative affect) via their smartphones. The ambulatory assessment design included three measurements per day (morning, afternoon, evening) for 7 days. Results Multilevel modeling revealed that within-persons, momentary levels of self-compassion were related to momentary levels of stress, coping responses, and affective well-being components. 1-1-1 multilevel mediation analyses were conducted and demonstrated that, at the within-person level, momentary self-compassion was related to more positive and less negative affect via perceived stress and facilitating healthy coping responses. The within-person relations of the original 1-1-1 multilevel mediation could partially be replicated in an alternative model with momentary self-compassion one occasion prior and positive affect. However, the link between self-compassion one occasion prior and negative affect was only mediated by perceived stress. Conclusions This work helps to understand the processes underlying the adaptive effects of momentary self-compassion on momentary affective well-being on a given occasion. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FatfoutaHeinze2022,
  author    = {Fatfouta, Ramzi and Heinze, Peter Eric},
  title     = {Do bigger egos mean bigger presence? Facets of grandiose narcissism and mindfulness},
  series = {Current Psychology},
  volume    = {42},
  journal   = {Current Psychology},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1046-1310},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12144-022-03115-w},
  pages     = {19795 -- 19807},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Broad sections of the population try to be more mindful, often with quite self-centered motives. It is therefore not surprising that there is growing interest in the investigation of narcissism and mindfulness. Despite theoretical and empirical ties, however, existing research on this association is scarce. In two studies (N = 3,134 and 403) with English- and German-speaking participants, we apply structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between facets of grandiose narcissism and trait mindfulness. Across both studies and, using different narcissism and mindfulness measures, SEM consistently revealed opposing patterns for agentic and antagonistic narcissism, with agentic narcissism being positively related to trait mindfulness, and antagonistic narcissism being negatively related to it. Findings highlight the necessity to acknowledge the conceptual heterogeneity of narcissism when examining its relationship with trait mindfulness. Practical implications regarding how agentic and antagonistic narcissists might profit differently from mindfulness practice are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Deeken2022,
  author    = {Deeken, Friederike},
  title     = {Relevance of non-pharmacological interventions that modify environmental factors in order to prevent and treat mental disorders in older patients and their caregivers},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {We live in an aging society. The change in demographic structures poses a number of challenges, including an increase in age-associated diseases. Delirium, dementia, and depression are considered to be of particular interest in the field of aging and mental health. A common theory regarding healthy aging and mental health is that the highest satisfaction and best performance is achieved when a person's abilities match the demands of their environment. In this context, the person's environment includes both the physical and the social environment. Based on this assumption, this dissertation focuses on the investigation of non-pharmacological interventions that modify environmental factors in order to facilitate the prevention and treatment of mental disorders in older patients and their caregivers. The first part of this dissertation consists of two publications and deals with the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients. The PAWEL study investigated the use of a multimodal, non-pharmacological intervention in the routine care of patients aged 70 years or older undergoing elective surgery. The intervention included an interdepartmental delirium prevention team, daily use of seven manualized "best practice" procedures, structured staff training on delirium, and the adaptation of the hospital environment to the patients' needs. The second part of the dissertation used a meta-analysis to investigate whether technology-based interventions are a suitable form of support for informal caregivers of people with dementia. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the effect of different types of technology on caregiver burden and depressive symptoms. The following main results were found: The PAWEL study showed that the use of a multimodal, non-pharmacological intervention resulted in a significantly lower incidence rate of postoperative delirium and reduced days with delirium in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, this difference could not be observed in the group of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The results of the meta-analysis showed that technology-based interventions offer a promising alternative to traditional "face-to-face" services. Significant effect sizes could be found in relation to both the burden and the depressive symptoms of caregiving relatives. These results provide further important information on the significant impact of non-pharmacological interventions that modify environmental factors on mental health, and support the consideration of such interventions in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders in both older patients and their caregivers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GiraudierVenturaBortWendtetal.2022,
  author    = {Giraudier, Manon and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Wendt, Julia and Lischke, Alexander and Weymar, Mathias},
  title     = {Memory advantage for untrustworthy faces},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0264034},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants' memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WendtMorriss2022,
  author    = {Wendt, Julia and Morriss, Jayne},
  title     = {An examination of intolerance of uncertainty and contingency instruction on multiple indices during threat acquisition and extinction training},
  series = {International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology},
  volume    = {177},
  journal   = {International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
  issn      = {0167-8760},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.05.005},
  pages     = {171 -- 178},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Individuals who score high in self-reported Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) tend to find uncertainty aversive. Prior research has demonstrated that under uncertainty individuals with high IU display difficulties in updating learned threat associations to safety associations. Importantly, recent research has shown that providing contingency instructions about threat and safety contingencies (i.e. reducing uncertainty) to individuals with high IU promotes the updating of learned threat associations to safety associations. Here we aimed to conceptually replicate IU and contingency instruction-based effects by conducting a secondary analysis of self-reported IU, ratings, skin conductance, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data recorded during uninstructed/instructed blocks of threat acquisition and threat extinction training (n = 48). Generally, no significant associations were observed between self-reported IU and differential responding to learned threat and safety cues for any measure during uninstructed/instructed blocks of threat acquisition and threat extinction training. There was some tentative evidence that higher IU was associated with greater ratings of unpleasantness and arousal to the safety cue after the experiment and greater skin conductance response to the safety cue during extinction generally. Potential explanations for these null effects and directions for future research are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StoneVasishthvonderMalsburg2022,
  author    = {Stone, Kate and Vasishth, Shravan and von der Malsburg, Titus Raban},
  title     = {Does entropy modulate the prediction of German long-distance verb particles?},
  series = {PLOS ONE},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {PLOS ONE},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {PLOS},
  address   = {San Francisco, California, US},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0267813},
  pages     = {25},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In this paper we examine the effect of uncertainty on readers' predictions about meaning. In particular, we were interested in how uncertainty might influence the likelihood of committing to a specific sentence meaning. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments using particle verbs such as turn down and manipulated uncertainty by constraining the context such that readers could be either highly certain about the identity of a distant verb particle, such as turn the bed [...] down, or less certain due to competing particles, such as turn the music [...] up/down. The study was conducted in German, where verb particles appear clause-finally and may be separated from the verb by a large amount of material. We hypothesised that this separation would encourage readers to predict the particle, and that high certainty would make prediction of a specific particle more likely than lower certainty. If a specific particle was predicted, this would reflect a strong commitment to sentence meaning that should incur a higher processing cost if the prediction is wrong. If a specific particle was less likely to be predicted, commitment should be weaker and the processing cost of a wrong prediction lower. If true, this could suggest that uncertainty discourages predictions via an unacceptable cost-benefit ratio. However, given the clear predictions made by the literature, it was surprisingly unclear whether the uncertainty manipulation affected the two ERP components studied, the N400 and the PNP. Bayes factor analyses showed that evidence for our a priori hypothesised effect sizes was inconclusive, although there was decisive evidence against a priori hypothesised effect sizes larger than 1 mu Vfor the N400 and larger than 3 mu V for the PNP. We attribute the inconclusive finding to the properties of verb-particle dependencies that differ from the verb-noun dependencies in which the N400 and PNP are often studied.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HahnWeckWitthoeftetal.2022,
  author    = {Hahn, Daniela and Weck, Florian and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael and Maiwald, Lisa Marie and Foral, Annika and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
  title     = {Wie erleben Psychotherapeut_innen in Ausbildung ihre Selbsterfahrung?},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1616-3443},
  doi       = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000626},
  pages     = {78 -- 89},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: Self-experiential work is a central component of psychotherapy training. However, research on this matter has not received a lot of attention. Objective: This study explores the conditions and effects of helpful self-experiential work. Method: We interviewed 14 psychotherapists in training using a semistructured interview guide and applied qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2015). Results: Different characteristics were associated with helpful self-experiential work: characteristics of the instructor (e. g., implementation skills), organization, willingness of the trainees to learn, topics and methods applied, and a sustainable working atmosphere. Among the positive effects reported was the promotion of the trainees' interpersonal competencies. Furthermore, we found some side effects and negative impact (e. g.. exhaustion). Conclusions: We were able to extract conditions that can guide the execution of helpful self-experiential work and the effects of self-experiential work from the perspective of the trainees.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{BrahmsHeinzelRappetal.2022,
  author    = {Brahms, Markus and Heinzel, Stephan and Rapp, Michael Armin and M{\"u}ckstein, Marie and Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor and Stelzel, Christine and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {The acute effects of mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy young and older adults - A systematic review and meta-analysis},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56156},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-561560},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Cognitive resources contribute to balance control. There is evidence that mental fatigue reduces cognitive resources and impairs balance performance, particularly in older adults and when balance tasks are complex, for example when trying to walk or stand while concurrently performing a secondary cognitive task. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies and performed a random effects meta-analysis to quantify the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy adults. Subgroup analyses were computed for age (healthy young vs. healthy older adults) and balance task complexity (balance tasks with high complexity vs. balance tasks with low complexity) to examine the moderating effects of these factors on fatigue-mediated balance performance. We identified 7 eligible studies with 9 study groups and 206 participants. Analysis revealed that performing a prolonged cognitive task had a small but significant effect (SMDwm = -0.38) on subsequent balance performance in healthy young and older adults. However, age- and task-related differences in balance responses to fatigue could not be confirmed statistically. Overall, aggregation of the available literature indicates that mental fatigue generally reduces balance in healthy adults. However, interactions between cognitive resource reduction, aging and balance task complexity remain elusive.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrahmsHeinzelRappetal.2022,
  author    = {Brahms, Markus and Heinzel, Stephan and Rapp, Michael Armin and M{\"u}ckstein, Marie and Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor and Stelzel, Christine and Granacher, Urs},
  title     = {The acute effects of mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy young and older adults - A systematic review and meta-analysis},
  series = {Acta Psychologica},
  volume    = {225},
  journal   = {Acta Psychologica},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1873-6297},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103540},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Cognitive resources contribute to balance control. There is evidence that mental fatigue reduces cognitive resources and impairs balance performance, particularly in older adults and when balance tasks are complex, for example when trying to walk or stand while concurrently performing a secondary cognitive task. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies and performed a random effects meta-analysis to quantify the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on balance performance in healthy adults. Subgroup analyses were computed for age (healthy young vs. healthy older adults) and balance task complexity (balance tasks with high complexity vs. balance tasks with low complexity) to examine the moderating effects of these factors on fatigue-mediated balance performance. We identified 7 eligible studies with 9 study groups and 206 participants. Analysis revealed that performing a prolonged cognitive task had a small but significant effect (SMDwm = -0.38) on subsequent balance performance in healthy young and older adults. However, age- and task-related differences in balance responses to fatigue could not be confirmed statistically. Overall, aggregation of the available literature indicates that mental fatigue generally reduces balance in healthy adults. However, interactions between cognitive resource reduction, aging and balance task complexity remain elusive.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EiserbeckEngeRabovskyetal.2022,
  author    = {Eiserbeck, Anna and Enge, Alexander and Rabovsky, Milena and Abdel Rahman, Rasha},
  title     = {Electrophysiological chronometry of graded consciousness during the attentional blink},
  series = {Cerebral cortex},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Cerebral cortex},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {1047-3211},
  doi       = {10.1093/cercor/bhab289},
  pages     = {1244 -- 1259},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {One of the ongoing debates about visual consciousness is whether it can be considered as an all-or-none or a graded phenomenon. While there is increasing evidence for the existence of graded states of conscious awareness based on paradigms such as visual masking, only little and mixed evidence is available for the attentional blink paradigm, specifically in regard to electrophysiological measures. Thereby, the all-or-none pattern reported in some attentional blink studies might have originated from specifics of the experimental design, suggesting the need to examine the generalizability of results. In the present event-related potential (ERP) study (N = 32), visual awareness of T2 face targets was assessed via subjective visibility ratings on a perceptual awareness scale in combination with ERPs time-locked to T2 onset (components P1, N1, N2, and P3). Furthermore, a classification task preceding visibility ratings allowed to track task performance. The behavioral results indicate a graded rather than an all-or-none pattern of visual awareness. Corresponding graded differences in the N1, N2, and P3 components were observed for the comparison of visibility levels. These findings suggest that conscious perception during the attentional blink can occur in a graded fashion.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{D'AscenzoFischerShakietal.2022,
  author    = {D'Ascenzo, Stefania and Fischer, Martin H. and Shaki, Samuel and Lugli, Luisa},
  title     = {Number to me, space to you},
  series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1069-9384},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13423-021-02013-9},
  pages     = {485 -- 491},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Recent work has shown that number concepts activate both spatial and magnitude representations. According to the social co-representation literature which has shown that participants typically represent task components assigned to others together with their own, we asked whether explicit magnitude meaning and explicit spatial coding must be present in a single mind, or can be distributed across two minds, to generate a spatial-numerical congruency effect. In a shared go/no-go task that eliminated peripheral spatial codes, we assigned explicit magnitude processing to participants and spatial processing to either human or non-human co-agents. The spatial-numerical congruency effect emerged only with human co-agents. We demonstrate an inter-personal level of conceptual congruency between space and number that arises from a shared conceptual representation not contaminated by peripheral spatial codes. Theoretical implications of this finding for numerical cognition are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SkowronskiBuschingKrahe2022,
  author    = {Skowronski, Marika and Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Links between exposure to sexualized Instagram images and body image concerns in girls and boys},
  series = {Journal of media psychology},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Journal of media psychology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Hogrefe \& Huber Publ. [u.a.]},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1864-1105},
  doi       = {10.1027/1864-1105/a000296},
  pages     = {55 -- 62},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The current study examined the links between viewing female and male sexualized Instagram images (SII) and body image concerns within the three-step process of self-objectification among adolescents aged 13-18 years from Germany (N = 300, 61\% female). Participants completed measures of SII use, thin- and muscular-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance. Structural equation modeling revealed that SII use was associated with body image concerns for boys and girls via different routes. Specifically, female SII use was indirectly associated with higher body surveillance via thin-ideal internalization and subsequent valuing appearance over competence for girls. For both girls and boys, male SII use was indirectly linked to higher body surveillance via muscular-ideal internalization. Implications for the three-step model of self-objectification by sexualized social media are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SkowronskiBuschingKrahe2022,
  author    = {Skowronski, Marika and Busching, Robert and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Women's exposure to sexualized TV, self-objectification, and consideration of cosmetic surgery},
  series = {Psychology of popular media},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Psychology of popular media},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {2160-4143},
  doi       = {10.1037/ppm0000348},
  pages     = {117 -- 124},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Public Policy Relevance Statement TV is full of content presenting women in a sexualized way, with a focus on their sexual appearance and appeal to others. We found that across an age spectrum from 15 to 72 years, the more women watched sexualized TV, the more concerned they were about their body; a link between watching sexualized TV and considering cosmetic surgery was found only for women above the age of 31. Adding to the evidence documenting negative consequences of sexualized media use on young women's body image, this study is a first indicator that these might also apply to women across a broader age spectrum. <br /> Extensive research has documented links between sexualized media use and body image concerns. Previous findings are based largely on female adolescents or young adults, although objectification theory predicts changes of body image concerns with age. Therefore, the current study investigated the link of sexualized TV exposure (STE) with self-objectification and consideration of cosmetic surgery within the framework of objectification theory in a sample of 519 female participants between the age of 15 and 72 (M = 39.43 years). Participants completed measures of STE, appearance-ideal internalization, valuing appearance over competence, body surveillance, and consideration of cosmetic surgery. Structural equation modeling revealed that STE was indirectly linked with consideration of cosmetic surgery via valuing appearance over competence and body surveillance. Age was negatively related to internalization, valuing appearance over competence, and body surveillance, but did not moderate the links between STE and body image. Older women scored lower on the body-related variables, but the associations between STE and self-objectification were the same across the age spectrum. STE predicted consideration of cosmetic surgery only for women over 31 years of age. Implications concerning the role of age in linking sexualized media to self-objectification are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{GiraudierVenturaBortWendtetal.2022,
  author    = {Giraudier, Manon and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Wendt, Julia and Lischke, Alexander and Weymar, Mathias},
  title     = {Memory advantage for untrustworthy faces: Replication across lab- and web-based studies},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56158},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-561586},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants' memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GiraudierVenturaBortWendtetal.2022,
  author    = {Giraudier, Manon and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Wendt, Julia and Lischke, Alexander and Weymar, Mathias},
  title     = {Memory advantage for untrustworthy faces: Replication across lab- and web-based studies},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  edition   = {2},
  publisher = {PLoS ONE},
  address   = {San Francisco, California, US},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0264034},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Covid-19 pandemic imposed new constraints on empirical research and forced researchers to transfer from traditional laboratory research to the online environment. This study tested the validity of a web-based episodic memory paradigm by comparing participants' memory performance for trustworthy and untrustworthy facial stimuli in a supervised laboratory setting and an unsupervised web setting. Consistent with previous results, we observed enhanced episodic memory for untrustworthy compared to trustworthy faces. Most importantly, this memory bias was comparable in the online and the laboratory experiment, suggesting that web-based procedures are a promising tool for memory research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ArkesAbereggArpin2022,
  author    = {Arkes, Hal R. and Aberegg, Scott K. and Arpin, Kevin A.},
  title     = {Analysis of physicians' probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events},
  series = {JAMA network open / American Medical Association},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {JAMA network open / American Medical Association},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {American Veterinary Medical Association},
  address   = {Chicago},
  issn      = {2574-3805},
  doi       = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18804},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {IMPORTANCE The probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of the probabilities of the 2 components and therefore cannot exceed the probability of either component; violation of this basic law is called the conjunction fallacy. A common medical decision-making scenario involves estimating the probability of a final outcome resulting from a sequence of independent events; however, little is known about physicians' ability to accurately estimate the overall probability of success in these situations. OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether physicians are able to correctly estimate the overall probability of a medical outcome resulting from 2 independent events. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study consisted of 3 separate substudies, in which 215 physicians were asked via internet-based survey to estimate the probability of success of each of 2 components of a diagnostic or prognostic sequence as well as the overall probability of success of the 2-step sequence. Substudy 1 was performed from April 2 to 4, 2021, substudy 2 from November 2 toll, 2021, and substudy 3 from May 13 to 19, 2021. All physicians were board certified or board eligible in the primary specialty germane to the substudy (ie, obstetrics and gynecology for substudies land 3 and pulmonology for substudy 2), were recruited from a commercial survey service, and volunteered to participate in the study. EXPOSURES Case scenarios presented in an online survey. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Respondents were asked to provide their demographic information in addition to 3 probability estimates. The first substudy included a scenario describing a brow presentation discovered during labor; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the brow presentation would resolve and that the delivery would be vaginal. The second substudy involved a diagnostic evaluation of an incidentally discovered pulmonary nodule; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the patient had a malignant condition and that a technically successful transthoracic needle biopsy would reveal a malignant condition. The third substudy included a modification of the first substudy in an attempt to debias the conjunction fallacy prevalent in the first substudy. Respondents' own probability estimates of the individual events were used to calculate the mathematically correct conjunctive probability. RESULTS Among 215 respondents, the mean (SD) age was 54.0 (9.5) years; 142 respondents (66.0\%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. A total of 168 physicians (78.1\%) estimated the probability of the 2-step sequence to be greater than the probability of at least 1 of the 2 component events. Compared with the product of their 2 estimated components, respondents overestimated the combined probability by 12.8\% (95\% CI, 9.6\%-16.1\%; P < .001) in substudy 1, 19.8\% (95\% Cl, 16.6\%-23.0\%; P < .001) in substudy 2, and 18.0\% (95\% CI, 13.4\%-22.5\%; P < .001) in substudy 3, results that were mathematically incoherent (ie, formally illogical and mathematically incorrect). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this survey study of 215 physicians, respondents consistently overestimated the combined probability of 2 events compared with the probability calculated from their own estimates of the individual events. This biased estimation, consistent with the conjunction fallacy, may have substantial implications for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulzeMerzThieretal.2022,
  author    = {Schulze, Susanne and Merz, Sibille and Thier, Anne and Tallarek, Marie and K{\"o}nig, Franziska and Uhlenbrock, Greta and N{\"u}bling, Matthias and Lincke, Hans-Joachim and Rapp, Michael A. and Spallek, Jacob and Holmberg, Christine},
  title     = {Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic},
  series = {BMC health services research},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {BMC health services research},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {BMC},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1472-6963},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased work-related strain and psychosocial burden in nurses worldwide, resulting in high prevalences of mental health problems. Nurses in long-term care facilities seem to be especially affected by the pandemic. Nevertheless, there are few findings indicating possible positive changes for health care workers. Therefore, we investigated which psychosocial burdens and potential positive aspects nurses working in long-term care facilities experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study among nurses and nursing assistants working in nursing homes in Germany. The survey contained the third German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Using Welch's t-tests, we compared the COPSOQ results of our sample against a pre-pandemic reference group of geriatric nurses from Germany. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with geriatric nurses with a special focus on psychosocial stress, to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences on work-related changes and burdens during the pandemic. Data were analysed using thematic coding (Braun and Clarke). Results Our survey sample (n = 177) differed significantly from the pre-pandemic reference group in 14 out of 31 COPSOQ scales. Almost all of these differences indicated negative changes. Our sample scored significantly worse regarding the scales 'quantitative demands', 'hiding emotions', 'work-privacy conflicts', 'role conflicts', 'quality of leadership', 'support at work', 'recognition', 'physical demands', 'intention to leave profession', 'burnout', 'presenteeism' and 'inability to relax'. The interviews (n = 15) revealed six main themes related to nurses' psychosocial stress: 'overall working conditions', 'concern for residents', 'management of relatives', 'inability to provide terminal care', 'tensions between being infected and infecting others' and 'technicisation of care'. 'Enhanced community cohesion' (interviews), 'meaning of work' and 'quantity of social relations' (COPSOQ III) were identified as positive effects of the pandemic. Conclusions Results clearly illustrate an aggravation of geriatric nurses' situation and psychosocial burden and only few positive changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-existing hardships seem to have further deteriorated and new stressors added to nurses' strain. The perceived erosion of care, due to an overemphasis of the technical in relation to the social and emotional dimensions of care, seems to be especially burdensome to geriatric nurses.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DeSchrijverFomenkoKraheetal.2022,
  author    = {De Schrijver, Lotte and Fomenko, Elizaveta and Krahe, Barbara and Roelens, Kristien and Vander Beken, Tom and Keygnaert, Ines},
  title     = {Minority Identity, Othering-Based Stress, and Sexual Violence},
  series = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1661-7827},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijerph19074221},
  pages     = {19},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Background: Some (minority) groups (MGs) are more vulnerable to sexual violence (SV) exposure than others. Othering-based stress (OBS) may mediate the relationship between minority identification and SV. This study aims to assess the prevalence of SV in different MGs to explore the relationship between minority identification and SV, to investigate whether belonging to multiple MGs moderates this relationship, and to explore OBS SV moderation for different MGs. Method: Through an online survey administered to a nationally representative sample in Belgium, data was collected from 4632 persons, of whom 21.01\% self-identified as belonging to a MG (SI-Minority). SV prevalence was measured using behaviorally specific questions based on the WHO definition of SV. SI-Minority participants received an additional scale on OBS. Results: SI-Minority participants reported more SV victimization compared to the non-minorities. However, this increased risk was not moderated by minority identification but linked to the socio-demographic SV risk markers common to minority individuals. Multiple-minority participants were found more at risk of SV compared to single-minority respondents. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, pan-/omnisexual, asexual, and other non-heterosexual (LGB+) participants were found more at risk than heterosexual participants. OBS was found to be significantly correlated to SV in sexual and gender minorities and in cultural minorities. Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between minority identification, OBS, and SV. Studying both specific and common SV vulnerabilities and outcomes within specific societal subgroups and the general population may inform policy makers when allocating resources to those interventions with the largest societal impact.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ButkovicGalesic2022,
  author    = {Butkovic, Ana and Galesic, Mirta},
  title     = {Relationship between COVID-19 threat beliefs and individual differences in demographics, personality, and related beliefs},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831199},
  pages     = {8},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Individual differences in demographics, personality, and other related beliefs are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threat beliefs. However, the relative contributions of these different types of individual differences to COVID-19 threat beliefs are not known. In this study, a total of 1,700 participants in Croatia (68\% female; age 18-86 years) completed a survey that included questions about COVID-19 risks, questions about related beliefs including vaccination beliefs, trust in the health system, trust in scientists, and trust in the political system, the HEXACO 60 personality inventory, as well as demographic questions about gender, age, chronic diseases, and region. We used hierarchical regression analyses to examine the proportion of variance explained by demographics, personality, and other related beliefs. All three types of individual differences explained a part of the variance of COVID-19 threat beliefs, with related beliefs explaining the largest part. Personality facets explained a slightly larger amount of variance than personality factors. These results have implications for communication about COVID-19.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KattnerBryce2022,
  author    = {Kattner, Florian and Bryce, Donna},
  title     = {Attentional control and metacognitive monitoring of the effects of different types of task-Irrelevant sound on serial recall},
  series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0096-1523},
  doi       = {10.1037/xhp0000982},
  pages     = {139 -- 158},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The presence of task-irrelevant sound disrupts short-term memory for serial information. Recent studies found that enhanced perceptual task-encoding load (static visual noise added to target items) reduces the disruptive effect of an auditory deviant but does not affect the task-specific interference by changing-state sound, indicating that the deviation effect may be more susceptible to attentional control. This study aimed to further specify the role of attentional control in shielding against different types of auditory distraction, examining speech and nonspeech distractors presented in laboratory and Web based experiments. To further elucidate the role of controlled processes, we tested whether the detrimental effects of distractor sounds-and their modulation by attentional control-reach participants' awareness. We found that changing-state sound and auditory deviants in steady-state sound equally affected both objective recall performance and metacognitive confidence judgments but did not affect the accuracy of confidence judgments. Most importantly, across four experiments, an increase of task load (visual degradation of the to-be-remembered items) did not reduce either type of auditory distraction. A close replication of the original modulation of the deviation effect by perceptual task load (in an online environment) even revealed a stronger deviation effect at high task load, suggesting that the manipulation may have influenced cognitive load and the ability to control distractor interference in memory. In line with a unitary account of auditory distraction, the results suggest that although both types of distraction reach metacognitive awareness, they may be equally unrelated to perceptual load and the availability of attentional resources. <br /> Public Significance Statement Our ability to hold information in short-term memory suffers in the presence of background sound, but it is unclear to what extent auditory distraction depends on attentional control and metacognitive monitoring. This study reassessed a finding, whereby the diversion of attention by deviant sounds is reduced when the focal task becomes more difficult to process (via perceptual degradation). A series of experiments showed that both the effect of auditory deviants and the interference by changing-state sound is largely resistant to a manipulation of task load, indicating that distraction is not susceptible to attentional control. Nevertheless, participants appeared to be well aware of the detrimental sound effects on performance, as reflected in metacognitive confidence judgments. The findings have important implications for theoretical accounts of auditory distraction, indicating that disruption is attributable to automatic attentional capture, which cannot be controlled despite us being aware of it.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchadVasishth2022,
  author    = {Schad, Daniel and Vasishth, Shravan},
  title     = {The posterior probability of a null hypothesis given a statistically significant result},
  series = {The quantitative methods for psychology},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {The quantitative methods for psychology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {University of Montreal, Department of Psychology},
  address   = {Montreal},
  issn      = {1913-4126},
  doi       = {10.20982/tqmp.18.2.p011},
  pages     = {130 -- 141},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {When researchers carry out a null hypothesis significance test, it is tempting to assume that a statistically significant result lowers Prob(H0), the probability of the null hypothesis being true. Technically, such a statement is meaningless for various reasons: e.g., the null hypothesis does not have a probability associated with it. However, it is possible to relax certain assumptions to compute the posterior probability Prob(H0) under repeated sampling. We show in a step-by-step guide that the intuitively appealing belief, that Prob(H0) is low when significant results have been obtained under repeated sampling, is in general incorrect and depends greatly on: (a) the prior probability of the null being true; (b) type-I error rate, (c) type-II error rate, and (d) replication of a result. Through step-by-step simulations using open-source code in the R System of Statistical Computing, we show that uncertainty about the null hypothesis being true often remains high despite a significant result. To help the reader develop intuitions about this common misconception, we provide a Shiny app (https://danielschad.shinyapps.io/probnull/). We expect that this tutorial will help researchers better understand and judge results from null hypothesis significance tests.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MarchewkaTomaszewskaSchusteretal.2022,
  author    = {Marchewka, Juliette and Tomaszewska, Paulina and Schuster, Isabell and Krah{\´e}, Barbara},
  title     = {Unacknowledged and missed cases of sexual victimization},
  series = {Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley-Liss},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0096-140X},
  doi       = {10.1002/ab.22043},
  pages     = {573 -- 582},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {From the beginning of systematic research on sexual victimization, it has been recognized that a substantial proportion of women report nonconsensual sexual experiences meeting the defining criteria of rape in response to behaviorally specific items, but do not acknowledge their experience as rape in response to broad questions about whether they have ever been raped. Recent studies suggest that rates of unacknowledged rape may be as high or even higher among men than among women. This study examined rates of unacknowledged female and male victims of rape and sexual assault by comparing responses to behaviorally specific items of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale (SAV-S) with responses to broad questions using the labels of sexual assault and rape (SARA) in 593 participants (303 women) in Germany. As predicted, more women and men were classified as rape victims based on behaviorally specific items than on the basis of the broad rape item. The rates of unacknowledged rape were about 60\% for women and 75\% for men. The gender difference was not significant. Against our prediction, no significant differences in acknowledgement of sexual assault were found in relation to coercive strategy and victim-perpetrator relationship. Few cases of rape and sexual assault identified by the SARA items were missed by the behaviorally specific questions. The implications for establishing prevalence rates of rape and sexual assault and for comparing victims and nonvictims in terms of vulnerability factors and outcomes of sexual victimization are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BorghiShakiFischer2022,
  author    = {Borghi, Anna M. and Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.},
  title     = {Abstract concepts: external influences, internal constraints, and methodological issues},
  series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action},
  volume    = {86},
  journal   = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0340-0727},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00426-022-01698-4},
  pages     = {2370 -- 2388},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for external influences and internal constraints on the processing, representation, and use of abstract concepts, like truth, friendship, and number. We highlight the theoretical benefit of distinguishing between grounded and embodied cognition and then ask which roles do perception, action, language, and social interaction play in acquiring, representing and using abstract concepts. By reviewing several studies, we show that they are, against the accepted definition, not detached from perception and action. Focussing on magnitude-related concepts, we also discuss evidence for cultural influences on abstract knowledge and explore how internal processes such as inner speech, metacognition, and inner bodily signals (interoception) influence the acquisition and retrieval of abstract knowledge. Finally, we discuss some methodological developments. Specifically, we focus on the importance of studies that investigate the time course of conceptual processing and we argue that, because of the paramount role of sociality for abstract concepts, new methods are necessary to study concepts in interactive situations. We conclude that bodily, linguistic, and social constraints provide important theoretical limitations for our theories of conceptual knowledge.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BorghiShakiFischer2022,
  author    = {Borghi, Anna M. and Shaki, Samuel and Fischer, Martin H.},
  title     = {Concrete constraints on abstract concepts-editorial},
  series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action},
  volume    = {86},
  journal   = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0340-0727},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00426-022-01685-9},
  pages     = {2366 -- 2369},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This special issue, "Concrete constraints of abstract concepts", addresses the role of concrete determinants, both external and internal to the human body, in acquisition, processing and use of abstract concepts while at the same time presenting to the readers an overview of methods used to assess their representation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WrightWachs2022,
  author    = {Wright, Michelle F. and Wachs, Sebastian},
  title     = {Adolescents' emotional reactions for not intervening in cyberbullying as moderators in the longitudinal association between witnessing cyberbullying and health issues},
  series = {Current psychology},
  journal   = {Current psychology},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1046-1310},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12144-022-03773-w},
  pages     = {19378 -- 19385},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Not much is known about how bystanders' emotional reactions after not intervening in cyberbullying might impact their health issues. Narrowing this gap in the literature, the present study focused on examining the moderating effects of emotional reactions (i.e., guilt, sadness, anger) after not intervening in cyberbullying on the longitudinal relationship between cyberbullying bystanding and health issues (i.e., subjective health complaints, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm). Participants were 1,067 adolescents between 12 and 15 years old included in this study (M-age = 13.67; 51\% girls). The findings showed a positive association between Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 health issues. Guilt moderated the positive relationships among Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding, Time 2 subjective health complaints, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-harm. Time 1 sadness also moderated the relationship between Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-harm. However, anger did not moderate any of the associations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KansokDuscheBallaschkKrauseetal.2022,
  author    = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Ballaschk, Cindy and Krause, Norman and Zeissig, Anke and Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig},
  title     = {A systematic review on hate speech among children and adolescents},
  series = {Trauma, violence \& abuse : a review journal},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Trauma, violence \& abuse : a review journal},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {1524-8380},
  doi       = {10.1177/15248380221108070},
  pages     = {2598 -- 2615},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Little is known about the current state of research on the involvement of young people in hate speech. Thus, this systematic review presents findings on a) the prevalence of hate speech among children and adolescents and on hate speech definitions that guide prevalence assessments for this population; and b) the theoretical and empirical overlap of hate speech with related concepts. This review was guided by the Cochrane approach. To be included, publications were required to deal with real-life experiences of hate speech, to provide empirical data on prevalence for samples aged 5 to 21 years and they had to be published in academic formats. Included publications were full-text coded using two raters (kappa = .80) and their quality was assessed. The string-guided electronic search (ERIC, SocInfo, Psycinfo, Psyndex) yielded 1,850 publications. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and their findings were systematized. Twelve publications were of medium quality due to minor deficiencies in their theoretical or methodological foundations. All studies used samples of adolescents and none of younger children. Nine out of 10 studies applied quantitative methodologies. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies were included. Results showed that frequencies for hate speech exposure were higher than those related to victimization and perpetration. Definitions of hate speech and assessment instruments were heterogeneous. Empirical evidence for an often theorized overlap between hate speech and bullying was found. The paper concludes by presenting a definition of hate speech, including implications for practice, policy, and research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuehnePaunovWeck2021,
  author    = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Paunov, Tatjana and Weck, Florian},
  title     = {Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder},
  series = {BMC psychiatry},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {BMC psychiatry},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1471-244X},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12888-021-03458-x},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Despite the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its precise identification remains challenging. With the Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive-Compulsive Screen (ZF-OCS; 5 or 6 items), a brief instrument is widely available mainly in English. As there is a lack of empirical studies on the ZF-OCS, the aim of the present study was to translate the items into German and investigate the instrument in a nonclinical sample. Methods In two consecutive online surveys, n = 304 and n = 51 students participated. Besides the ZF-OCS, they answered established measures on OCD, depression, health anxiety, general anxiety and health-related well-being. Results Whereas internal consistency was low (α = .53-.72; ω = .55-.69), retest reliability (rt1,t2 = .89) at two weeks was high. As expected, we found high correlations with other OCD instruments (r > .61; convergent validity), and significantly weaker correlations with measures of depression (r = .39), health anxiety (r = .29), and health-related well-being (r = -.28, divergent validity). Nonetheless, the correlations with general anxiety were somewhere in between (r = .52). Conclusions Due to heterogeneous OCD subtypes, the ZF-OCS asks diverse questions which probably resulted in the present internal consistency. Nevertheless, the results on retest reliability and validity were promising. As for other OCD instruments, divergent validity regarding general anxiety seems problematic to establish. Even so, the ZF-OCS seems valuable for screening purposes, as it is short and easy to administer, and may facilitate initiating subsequent clinical assessment. Further studies should determine the instrument's diagnostic accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BondueBirke2021,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Birke, Joseph},
  title     = {Links between aggressive sexual fantasies and presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior when controlling for BDSM identity},
  series = {International journal of conflict and violence},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {International journal of conflict and violence},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Inst. for Interdisciplinary Conflict and Violence Research, Univ. of Bielefeld},
  address   = {Bielefeld},
  issn      = {1864-1385},
  doi       = {10.4119/ijcv-3777},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Recent research provides evidence that aggressive sexual fantasies predict aggressive sexual behavior in the general population. However, sexual fantasies including fantasies about the infliction of pain and humiliation, should be frequent and often consensually acted upon among individuals with sadomasochistic likings. The question arises whether sexual fantasies with aggressive content still predict presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior in individuals with sadomasochistic likings, given that BDSM encounters are generally considered consensual. To investigate this question, we conducted a questionnaire survey of sexual fantasies, as sessing the frequency of seventy sexual fantasies involving non-aggressive, masochistic, and aggressive acts. Our sample (N = 182) contained 99 respondents who self-identified as sadist, masochist, or switcher; 44 reported no such identification. For respondents reporting BDSM identification, we replicated a factor structure for sexual fantasies similar to that previously found in the general population, including three factors reflecting fantasies about increasingly severe aggressive sexual acts. Fantasies about injuring a partner and/or using weapons and fantasies about sexual coercion predicted presumably non-consensual sexual behavior independently of other risk factors for aggressive sexual behavior and irrespective of BDSM identification. Hence, severely aggressive sexual fantasies may predispose to presumably non-consensual sexual behavior in both individuals with and without BDSM identification.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Bangeow2021,
  author    = {Bangeow, Petjo},
  title     = {Zur Abschaffung des Gutachterverfahrens in der Vertragspsychotherapie - ein Qualit{\"a}tsverlust?},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {Bern},
  issn      = {1422-4917},
  doi       = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000778},
  pages     = {64 -- 72},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Objectives: This article investigates whether or not the abolishment of the expertise procedure for an outpatient psychotherapy is a reliable quality feature; and whether or not the elimination of this procedure results in a reduction of quality in outpatient psychotherapy. Methods: We conducted a literature research that considered articles written between the years 2000 and 2020 dealing with the expertise procedure as a quality standard of outpatient psychotherapy. In order to discuss the different views of the cited authors, we also refer to further literature. Results: The expertise procedure is not a reliable quality feature of outpatient psychotherapy. The idea that abolishing the expertise procedure results in a reduction of quality in outpatient psychotherapy is not confirmed by the studies summarized.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KuehneMaassWeck2021,
  author    = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Maaß, Ulrike and Weck, Florian},
  title     = {Einsatz standardisierter Patienten im Psychologiestudium},
  series = {Verhaltenstherapie : Praxis, Forschung, Perspektiven},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Verhaltenstherapie : Praxis, Forschung, Perspektiven},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Karger},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1016-6262},
  doi       = {10.1159/000509249},
  pages     = {152 -- 160},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund: Im Rahmen des reformierten Psychotherapeutengesetzes wird eine starkere Praxisorientierung in der klinisch-psychologischen Lehre und in der Prufung psychotherapeutischer Kompetenzen verankert. Hierbei sollen Studierende durch die Interaktion mit standardisierten Patient*innen (SP) therapeutische Kompetenzen erwerben und demonstrieren. Fragestellung: Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, eine evidenzbasierte Umsetzung dieser neuen Lehr- und Prufungsformate zu unterstutzen, indem bisherige Forschungsbefunde zum Einsatz von SP dargestellt und Bereiche, in denen weitere Forschung notwendig ist, aufgezeigt werden. Ergebnisse: Empirische Befunde zeigen, dass SP psychische Storungen authentisch darstellen konnen. Voraussetzung dafur sind beispielsweise die Auswahl geeigneter SP, detaillierte Rollenanleitungen, spezifisches Training, Feedback und Nachschulungen. Auch wenn einige Forschungsfragen, wie zur vergleichenden Wirksamkeit des Einsatzes von SP, noch unbeantwortet sind, lassen sich praktische Implikationen fur SP-Programme in Lehre, Prufung und Forschung ableiten, die in einem Ablaufschema dargestellt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Der Einsatz von SP bietet gro ss es Potenzial fur die klinisch-psychologische Lehre und Ausbildungsforschung. Um den Einsatz von SP an anderen Standorten zu unterstutzen, werden Beispielmaterialien (z.B. Rollenanleitung) in den elektronischen Supplementen (siehe www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000509249 fur alle Supplemente) zum Artikel zur Verfugung gestellt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KayserVockWojciechowicz2021,
  author    = {Kayser, Daniela Niesta and Vock, Miriam and Wojciechowicz, Anna Aleksandra},
  title     = {Example of best practice},
  series = {Intercultural education},
  volume    = {32},
  journal   = {Intercultural education},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1467-5986},
  doi       = {10.1080/14675986.2021.1851513},
  pages     = {108 -- 118},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The Refugee Teachers Program, established at the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg, in 2016, represents a successful model for training and integrating individuals with foreign teaching qualifications through an 18-month teaching and language course. Initially created to help meet the demand for teachers in Germany, the Refugee Teachers Program has been further refined over the course of the last three years in the light of expert meetings, theoretical considerations, and negotiations with the Brandenburg Ministry of Education. This was the first program of its kind in Germany, following an influx of people being forced to migrate from countries such as Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq in 2015. The program responded to these international events by providing training, work, and refuge for migrants who already had teaching experience in their home countries. More than 85 participants successfully completed the program and many have taken up newly created positions as teachers and pedagogical assistants in German schools. However, a number of hurdles still remain before most of the program's graduates can be granted full employment as teachers in Germany.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Weck2021,
  author    = {Weck, Florian},
  title     = {Ein praxisnaher Leitfaden zur kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Behandlung von Auftritts{\"a}ngsten bei Musikerinnen und Musikern},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  isbn      = {978-3-8017-2988-2},
  issn      = {1616-3443},
  doi       = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000615},
  pages     = {46 -- 47},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Maass2021,
  author    = {Maaß, Ulrike},
  title     = {Rezension zu: Edelmann, Walter, Wittmann, Simone: Lernpsychologie - mit Online-Material. - (8., vollst{\"a}ndig {\"u}berarbeitete Auflage). - Weinheim; Basel: Beltz, 2019. - 264 S. : Illustrationen, Diagramme. - ISBN 978-3-621-28601-5},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis ; Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie (DGPS), der Sektion Klinische Psychologie im Berufsverband Deutscher Psychologinnen und Psychologen (BDP), der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Verhaltenstherapie e.V. (DGVT), der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r wissenschaftliche Gespr{\"a}chspsychotherapie e.V. (GWG) und der Sektion Klinische Psychologie im Berufsverband {\"O}sterreichischer Psychologen (B.{\"O}.P.)},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis ; Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie (DGPS), der Sektion Klinische Psychologie im Berufsverband Deutscher Psychologinnen und Psychologen (BDP), der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Verhaltenstherapie e.V. (DGVT), der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r wissenschaftliche Gespr{\"a}chspsychotherapie e.V. (GWG) und der Sektion Klinische Psychologie im Berufsverband {\"O}sterreichischer Psychologen (B.{\"O}.P.)},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  isbn      = {978-3-621-28601-5},
  issn      = {1616-3443},
  doi       = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000604},
  pages     = {100 -- 101},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Malesza2021,
  author    = {Malesza, Marta},
  title     = {The reduced discounting inventory},
  series = {Current psychology},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Current psychology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1046-1310},
  pages     = {545 -- 552},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In two studies, the aim of this research was to develop and validate a Polish version of the reduced Discounting Inventory. In Study 1 (N = 623) items extraction from the 48-item DI was based upon item-total correlation and items with highest coefficients were considered. The reduced Discounting Inventory resulted in sixteen items. Cronbach's a coefficient was .78, and the item-total correlations ranged between .59 and .77. The correlation between Polish versions of reduced Discounting Inventory and longer 48-item Discounting Inventory was .85. Next, the reduced Discounting Inventory was evaluated in terms of factorial and construct validity. The structure of the instrument was analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses procedure. It indicated that the four-factor structure had the best fit to the data. Additionally, we show that this reduced Discounting Inventory closely parallels the longer 48-item inventory its relation to traditional discounting measures using pairs of hypothetical choices (expect for the delay discounting subscale). Finally, in study 2, the test-retest reliability of the reduced Discounting Inventory over a 3-month interval was assessed (247 subjects of the 623 individuals who participated in Study 1). Results indicated good stability of the reduced measure (>= .88). It is concluded that the reduced Discounting Inventory has notable psychometric properties and that it can serve as an alternative measure of discounting when situations do not allow the use of longer inventories.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RoseGroegerHoelzle2021,
  author    = {Rose, Robert and Groeger, Lars and H{\"o}lzle, Katharina},
  title     = {The Emergence of Shared Leadership in Innovation Labs},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers in psychology},
  address   = {Lausanne, Schweiz},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685167},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Implementing innovation laboratories to leverage intrapreneurship are an increasingly popular organizational practice. A typical feature in these creative environments are semi-autonomous teams in which multiple members collectively exert leadership influence, thereby challenging traditional command-and-control conceptions of leadership. An extensive body of research on the team-centric concept of shared leadership has recognized the potential for pluralized leadership structures in enhancing team effectiveness; however, little empirical work has been conducted in organizational contexts in which creativity is key. This study set out to explore antecedents of shared leadership and its influence on team creativity in an innovation lab. Building on extant shared leadership and innovation research, we propose antecedents customary to creative teamwork, that is, experimental culture, task reflexivity, and voice. Multisource data were collected from 104 team members and 49 evaluations of 29 coaches nested in 21 teams working in a prototypical innovation lab. We identify factors specific to creative teamwork that facilitate the emergence of shared leadership by providing room for experimentation, encouraging team members to speak up in the creative process, and cultivating a reflective application of entrepreneurial thinking. We provide specific exemplary activities for innovation lab teams to increase levels of shared leadership.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BondueBirke2021,
  author    = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Birke, Joseph B.},
  title     = {Aggression-related sexual fantasies},
  series = {The journal of sexual medicine : basic research and clinical studies in male and female sexual function and dysfunction},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {The journal of sexual medicine : basic research and clinical studies in male and female sexual function and dysfunction},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1743-6095},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.006},
  pages     = {1383 -- 1397},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) are considered an important risk factor for sexual aggression, but empirical knowledge is limited, in part because previous research has been based on predominantly male, North-American college samples, and limited numbers of questions. <br /> Aim: The present study aimed to foster the knowledge about the frequency and correlates of ASF, while including a large sample of women and a broad range of ASF. <br /> Method: A convenience sample of N = 664 participants from Germany including 508 (77\%) women and 156 (23\%) men with a median age of 25 (21-27) years answered an online questionnaire. Participants were mainly recruited via social networks (online and in person) and were mainly students. We examined the frequencies of (aggression-related) sexual fantasies and their expected factor structure (factors reflecting affective, experimental, masochistic, and aggression-related contents) via exploratory factor analysis. We investigated potential correlates (eg, psychopathic traits, attitudes towards sexual fantasies) as predictors of ASF using multiple regression analyses. Finally, we examined whether ASF would positively predict sexual aggression beyond other pertinent risk factors using multiple regression analysis. <br /> Outcomes: The participants rated the frequency of a broad set of 56 aggression-related and other sexual fantasies, attitudes towards sexual fantasies, the Big Five (ie, broad personality dimensions including neuroticism and extraversion), sexual aggression, and other risk factors for sexual aggression. <br /> Results: All participants reported non-aggression-related sexual fantasies and 77\% reported at least one ASF in their lives. Being male, frequent sexual fantasies, psychopathic traits, and negative attitudes towards sexual fantasies predicted more frequent ASF. ASF were the strongest predictor of sexual aggression beyond other risk factors, including general aggression, psychopathic traits, rape myth acceptance, and violent pornography consumption. <br /> Clinical Translation: ASF may be an important risk factor for sexual aggression and should be more strongly considered in prevention and intervention efforts. <br /> Strengths and Limitations: The strengths of the present study include using a large item pool and a large sample with a large proportion of women in order to examine ASF as a predictor of sexual aggression beyond important control variables. Its weaknesses include the reliance on cross-sectional data, that preclude causal inferences, and not continuously distinguishing between consensual and non-consensual acts. <br /> Conclusion: ASF are a frequent phenomenon even in in the general population and among women and show strong associations with sexual aggression. Thus, they require more attention by research on sexual aggression and its prevention.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Pingel2021,
  author    = {Pingel, Ruta},
  title     = {Well-being effects of proactivity through the lens of self-determination theory},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {106},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In modern times of evolving globalization and continuous technological developments, organizations are required to respond to ever-changing demands. Therefore, to be successful in today's highly uncertain environments, organizations need employees to actively search for opportunities, anticipate challenges, and act ahead. In other words, employee proactivity in the workplace represents a highly valuable resource in nowadays organizations. Empirical studies conducted as part of this thesis advance the research on the outcomes of proactivity from the individual perspective. The main contribution of this thesis pertains to revealing several important individual and contextual conditions under which engaging in proactivity will have negative and positive effects on employees' well-being and their consequent behaviours, as well as shedding light on the unique psychological mechanisms through which these effects unfold. From a practical standpoint, this research underscores the importance of creating work environments that support employees' autonomous motivation for proactivity and urge organizations and managers to be mindful about the pressures they place on employees to be proactive at work. Besides, this thesis stimulates research efforts aimed at further extending our knowledge of when and how individual proactive behaviours at work will do more good than harm for those who enact them.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MusculusTuenteRaabetal.2021,
  author    = {Musculus, Lisa and T{\"u}nte, Markus R. and Raab, Markus and Kayhan, Ezgi},
  title     = {An Embodied Cognition Perspective on the Role of Interoception in the Development of the Minimal Self},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716950},
  pages     = {7},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Interoception is an often neglected but crucial aspect of the human minimal self. In this perspective, we extend the embodiment account of interoceptive inference to explain the development of the minimal self in humans. To do so, we first provide a comparative overview of the central accounts addressing the link between interoception and the minimal self. Grounding our arguments on the embodiment framework, we propose a bidirectional relationship between motor and interoceptive states, which jointly contribute to the development of the minimal self. We present empirical findings on interoception in development and discuss the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self. Moreover, we make theoretical predictions that can be tested in future experiments. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive view on the mechanisms underlying the minimal self by explaining the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kuehne2021,
  author    = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
  title     = {Beurteilung und Aufbau psychotherapeutischer Kompetenzen und die Ver{\"a}nderung von Patientenfertigkeiten},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BelliFelisattiFischer2021,
  author    = {Belli, Francesco and Felisatti, Arianna and Fischer, Martin H.},
  title     = {"BreaThink"},
  series = {Experimental brain research},
  volume    = {239},
  journal   = {Experimental brain research},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0014-4819},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00221-021-06147-z},
  pages     = {2489 -- 2499},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Cognition is shaped by signals from outside and within the body. Following recent evidence of interoceptive signals modulating higher-level cognition, we examined whether breathing changes the production and perception of quantities. In Experiment 1, 22 adults verbally produced on average larger random numbers after inhaling than after exhaling. In Experiment 2, 24 further adults estimated the numerosity of dot patterns that were briefly shown after either inhaling or exhaling. Again, we obtained on average larger responses following inhalation than exhalation. These converging results extend models of situated cognition according to which higher-level cognition is sensitive to transient interoceptive states.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HodappRabovsky2021,
  author    = {Hodapp, Alice and Rabovsky, Milena},
  title     = {The N400 ERP component reflects an error-based implicit learning signal during language comprehension},
  series = {European journal of neuroscience},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {European journal of neuroscience},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0953-816X},
  doi       = {10.1111/ejn.15462},
  pages     = {7125 -- 7140},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The functional significance of the N400 evoked-response component is still actively debated. An increasing amount of theoretical and computational modelling work is built on the interpretation of the N400 as a prediction error. In neural network modelling work, it was proposed that the N400 component can be interpreted as the change in a probabilistic representation of meaning that drives the continuous adaptation of an internal model of the statistics of the environment. These results imply that increased N400 amplitudes should correspond to greater adaptation, which can be measured via implicit memory. To investigate this model derived hypothesis, the current study manipulated expectancy in a sentence reading task to influence N400 amplitudes and subsequently presented the previously expected vs. unexpected words in a perceptual identification task to measure implicit memory. As predicted, reaction times in the perceptual identification task were significantly faster for previously unexpected words that induced larger N400 amplitudes in the previous sentence reading task. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that this adaptation seems to specifically depend on the process underlying N400 amplitudes, as participants with larger N400 differences during sentence reading also exhibited a larger implicit memory benefit in the perceptual identification task. These findings support the interpretation of the N400 as an implicit learning signal driving adaptation in language processing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MiklashevskyFischer2021,
  author    = {Miklashevsky, Alex and Fischer, Martin H.},
  title     = {Motor simulation in sentence-picture verification},
  series = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science; Abstracts and authors of the 8th International Conference on Spatial Cognition: Cognition and Action in a Plurality of Spaces (ICSC 2021) TALKS: Submission 58},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science; Abstracts and authors of the 8th International Conference on Spatial Cognition: Cognition and Action in a Plurality of Spaces (ICSC 2021) TALKS: Submission 58},
  number    = {Suppl. 1},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {1612-4782},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10339-021-01058-x},
  pages     = {S32 -- S33},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background and Aims: Ostarek et al. (2019) claimed a conclusive demonstration that language comprehension relies profoundly on visual simulations. They presented participants with visual noise during sentence-picture verification (SPV) and measured lateralized button response speed. The authors selectively eliminated the classical congruency effect (faster yes decisions when pictures match the objects implied by the sentences) with ''high level'' noise made from images of other objects. However, that visual noise included tool pictures, known to activate lateralized motor affordances. Moreover, some of their sentences described motor actions. This raises the question whether motor simulation may have contaminated their results. Methods: Replicating Ostarek et al. (2019), 33 right-handed participants performed SPV but either without visual noise or while viewing (a) only left-handled or (b) only right-handled or (c) alternatingly left- and right-handled tools. Accuracy and reaction times of manual yes responses were analyzed. Additionally, hand-relatedness of sentences was rated. Results: Replicating Ostarek et al. (2019), the classical SPV congruency effect appeared without noise and vanished when alternatingly handled tools were presented. Crucially, it reappeared when noise objects were consistently either left- or righthandled. Higher hand-relatedness of sentence content reduced SPV performance and accuracy was lower with right-handled noise. Conclusion: First, we demonstrated an interaction between motor- related language, visual affordances and motor responses in SPV. This result supports the embodied view of language processing. Second, we identified a motor process not previously known in SPV. This extends our understanding of mental simulation and calls for methodological controls in future studies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Weck2021,
  author    = {Weck, Florian},
  title     = {Ein hilfreicher Leitfaden zur Verfassung des Berichts an den Gutachterim Rahmen der Verhaltenstherapie},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1616-3443},
  doi       = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000553},
  pages     = {193 -- 194},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Seit dem 01. 04. 2017 erfolgte eine umfangreiche Reform der Psychotherapie-Richtlinie. Neben der Einf{\"u}hrung neuer Leistungen (z. B. Akutbehandlung, psychotherapeutische Sprechstunde) wurden auch {\"A}nderungen im Ablauf und der Beantragung von Psychotherapie beschlossen. Beispielsweise ist der Bericht an den Gutachter bzw. die Gutachterin seltener eine notwendige Voraussetzung zur Durchf{\"u}hrung einer psychotherapeutischen Behandlung, als dass zuvor der Fall war. Im Zuge der Reform wurde auch der Leitfaden f{\"u}r die Gestaltung des Berichts an den Gutachter bzw. die Gutachterin {\"u}berarbeitet. Vor dem Hintergrund der Psychotherapie-Richtlinien-Reform ist das Werk „Leitfaden f{\"u}r den VT-Bericht an den Gutachter" von Daniel Surall und Oliver Kunz sehr willkommen. Das Buch gliedert sich insgesamt in zehn Kapitel, in denen die Autoren ausf{\"u}hrlich auf den reformierten Bericht an den Gutachter bzw. an die Gutachterin eingehen. In den ersten beiden Kapiteln fassen die Autoren die {\"A}nderungen zur Psychotherapie-Richtlinie und im Bericht an den Gutachter / die Gutachterin zusammen. In den folgenden sechs Kapiteln wird auf die einzelnen Abschnitte des neuen Berichts an den Gutachter/die Gutachterin eingegangen. Sehr hilfreich ist hierbei, dass die Autoren zahlreiche Fallbeispiele nutzen, um die einzelnen Abschnitte des Berichts an den Gutachter/die Gutachterin zu erl{\"a}utern. Auch die {\"u}bersichtliche Darstellungsform in Form von Tabellen (z. B. zur Darstellung der Verhaltensanalyse) erleichtert den Leser_innen die Nachvollziehbarkeit der Inhalte. Erfreulich ist auch, dass die Autoren hinsichtlich der Antragstellung auch immer auf Unterschiede zwischen erwachsenen Patient_innen und Kindern und Jugendlichen eingehen. Im neunten Kapitel des Leitfadens wird ausf{\"u}hrlicher das Thema Umwandlungs- und Fortf{\"u}hrungsantr{\"a}ge aufgegriffen. Dies ist insbesondere sinnvoll, da nach der neuen Psychotherapie-Richtlinie f{\"u}r Kurzzeitantr{\"a}ge in der Regel keine Berichtspflicht besteht und Umwandlungs- und Fortf{\"u}hrungsantr{\"a}ge in der Praxis h{\"a}ufiger als zuvor von Relevanz sein d{\"u}rften. Im zehnten Kapitel wird in knapper Weise darauf eingegangen, wie bei Ablehnung oder K{\"u}rzung von beantragten Leistungen vorgegangen werden kann. Das Buch umfasst einen umfangreichen Anhang (67 Seiten), in dem Beispiele f{\"u}r Berichte an den Gutachter / die Gutachterin und Behandlungspl{\"a}ne f{\"u}r verschiedene psychische St{\"o}rungen zu finden sind. Auch hierbei werden sowohl Berichte f{\"u}r Erwachsene als auch f{\"u}r Kinder und Jugendliche pr{\"a}sentiert. Zudem beinhaltet der Anhang des Buches das Berner Inventar f{\"u}r Therapieziele, Ausz{\"u}ge aus dem AMDP-Befundbogen (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie, 2018)<\litr>, den Leitfaden zum Erstellen des Berichts an die Gutachter_innen (PTV 3) sowie einer Gegen{\"u}berstellung des alten und des neuen Leitfadens f{\"u}r den Bericht an die Gutachter_innen. Bei dem von Surall und Kunz vorgelegten Buch handelt es sich um einen {\"a}ußerst hilfreichen Leitfaden, der Therapeut:innen bei der Abfassung des Berichts an den Gutachter / die Gutachterin im Rahmen der Verhaltenstherapie unterst{\"u}tzen kann. Hierbei kann der Leitfaden Psychotherapeut_innen in Ausbildung bei der Abfassung ihrer ersten Antr{\"a}ge unterst{\"u}tzen. Aber auch erfahrenen Kolleg_innen k{\"o}nnen bei dem {\"U}bergang in die neuen Antragsformalit{\"a}ten, die mit der Reform der Psychotherapie-Richtlinie einhergingen, unterst{\"u}tzen werden. Hierbei ist insbesondere die Im Anhang befindliche Gegen{\"u}berstellung des alten und des neuen Leitfadens f{\"u}r den Bericht an den Gutachter / die Gutachterin hilfreich, um sich einen schnellen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die {\"A}nderungen zu verschaffen. Insgesamt werden die einzelnen Abschnitte des Berichts an den Gutachter / die Gutachterin sehr gut strukturiert und verst{\"a}ndlich erl{\"a}utert. Die vielen Beispiele und die ausf{\"u}hrlichen Materialien im Anhang erg{\"a}nzen zudem die Erl{\"a}uterungen und erleichtern das Verst{\"a}ndnis. Zu Beginn des Buches w{\"a}re zudem noch eine Abbildung hilfreich gewesen, die den Ablauf der Beantragung von Psychotherapie schematisch darstellt, um einen genaueren {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Beantragung von Psychotherapie nach der neuen Psychotherapie-Richtlinie zu erhalten. Auch ein Stichwortverzeichnis w{\"u}rde die Suche nach bestimmten Inhalten erleichtern. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass es sich bei dem Werk von Surall und Kunz um einen sehr empfehlenswerten Leitfaden handelt, der im Rahmen der Antragstellung von Verhaltenstherapie genutzt werden kann. Aufgrund der klaren Struktur und Anschaulichkeit durch viele Beispielantr{\"a}ge bringt das Buch alle Voraussetzungen mit, um sich als Standartwerk zu etablieren, dass Therapeut_innen bei der Beantragung von Verhaltenstherapie in {\"a}ußerst hilfreicher Weise unterst{\"u}tzt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ZhouKornherMohnkeetal.2021,
  author    = {Zhou, Yuefang and Kornher, Tristan and Mohnke, Janett and Fischer, Martin H.},
  title     = {Tactile interaction with a humanoid robot},
  series = {International journal of social robotics},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {International journal of social robotics},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {1875-4791},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12369-021-00749-x},
  pages     = {1657 -- 1677},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This study investigated how touching and being touched by a humanoid robot affects human physiology, impressions of the interaction, and attitudes towards humanoid robots. 21 healthy adult participants completed a 3 (touch style: touching, being touched, pointing) x 2 (body part: hand vs buttock) within-subject design using a Pepper robot. Skin conductance response (SCR) was measured during each interaction. Perceived impressions of the interaction (i.e., friendliness, comfort, arousal) were measured per questionnaire after each interaction. Participants' demographics and their attitude towards robots were also considered. We found shorter SCR rise times in the being touched compared to the touching condition, possibly reflecting psychological alertness to the unpredictability of robot-initiated contacts. The hand condition had shorter rise times than the buttock condition. Most participants evaluated the hand condition as most friendly and comfortable and the robot-initiated interactions as most arousing. Interacting with Pepper improved attitudes towards robots. Our findings require future studies with larger samples and improved procedures. They have implications for robot design in all domains involving tactile interactions, such as caring and intimacy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HilbertWarschburger2021,
  author    = {Hilbert, Anja and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Adipositas - Aktuelle Forschung zu Grundlagen und Therapie},
  series = {Psychotherapeut},
  volume    = {66},
  journal   = {Psychotherapeut},
  number    = {1-2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin ; Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0935-6185},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00278-020-00479-x},
  pages     = {1 -- 2},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{RaithHaemmerlingKleinetal.2021,
  author    = {Raith, Anna-Marie and H{\"a}mmerling, Marie and Klein, Sabrina and Peitz, Diana and Knaevelsrud, Christine and Zagorscak, Pavle},
  title     = {Selbstwertf{\"o}rderung in der universellen Pr{\"a}vention von Essst{\"o}rungen},
  series = {Psychotherapeut},
  volume    = {66},
  journal   = {Psychotherapeut},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin ; Heidelberg},
  issn      = {0935-6185},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00278-021-00515-4},
  pages     = {275 -- 281},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Eating disorders are prevalent, often have chronic courses and relapses are frequent even after effective treatment approaches. Therefore, prevention is decisive; however, many of the current prevention programs are resource intensive. Internet-based interventions can represent cost-effective and low threshold alternatives but only few approaches have so far been investigated. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an internet-based unaccompanied preventive intervention. Material and methods The intervention was newly developed based on behavior therapeutic techniques and piloted in a group of 200 students using a randomized waiting list control group design. Data on eating disorder-specific pathology (eating disorder examination questionnaire, EDE-Q), self-esteem (Rosenberg self-esteem scale, RSES), and well-being (World Health Organization-five well-being index, WHO-5) were collected before and after the intervention or the waiting period. Data were evaluated based on variance analysis. Results A total of 43\% of participants completed the intervention. Self-esteem increases were stronger in the intervention group in comparison to the waiting control group with large effect sizes (eta(2)(p) p = 0.33). There were no significant differences between the groups for the other variables. Conclusion Unaccompanied online self-help appears to provide a promising approach for improving self-esteem thus contributing to the prevention of eating disorders. Investigations in larger and more heterogeneous groups are necessary in the future to identify possibly present smaller preventive effects.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PeitzSchulzeWarschburger2021,
  author    = {Peitz, Diana and Schulze, Julian and Warschburger, Petra},
  title     = {Getting a deeper understanding of mindfulness in the context of eating behavior},
  series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking},
  volume    = {159},
  journal   = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0195-6663},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.appet.2020.105039},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose: Current research supports the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for maladaptive eating behaviors associated with obesity and eating disorders. To investigate potential underlying mechanisms at work, reliable and valid instruments that allow for an exhaustive assessment of the context-specific construct Mindful Eating (ME) are needed. Therefore, the current work aimed to develop a comprehensive inventory reflecting a wide range of ME attitudes and behaviors: The Mindful Eating Inventory (MEI). Methods \& Results: Study 1 describes the item pool development for an initial version of the MEI comprising various steps (compilation of items, expert ratings, focus groups and think aloud protocols by laypersons). Within Study 2, the factor structure of this initial version was explored in an online sample of N = 828 participants and the item pool was shortened via a sequential process based on statistical and content-related considerations. Exploratory factor analyses yielded a seven-factor structure. This structure could be confirmed within Study 3 on an independent online sample of N = 612 participants using confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion validity was supported by hypotheses-confirming correlations with eating-specific and global health-relevant outcomes. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the MEI is a valid and reliable (in terms of internal consistency and retest-reliability) tool, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of various ME attitudes and behaviors within one parsimonious inventory. It further enabled us to propose a so far missing, initial scientific operational definition of this eating-specific construct, that may help to advance future research and clinical application by clarifying mechanisms of action.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MiklashevskyLindemannFischer2021,
  author    = {Miklashevsky, Alex and Lindemann, Oliver and Fischer, Martin H.},
  title     = {The force of numbers},
  series = {Frontiers in human neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Frontiers in human neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1662-5161},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnhum.2020.590508},
  pages     = {16},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The study has two objectives: (1) to introduce grip force recording as a new technique for studying embodied numerical processing; and (2) to demonstrate how three competing accounts of numerical magnitude representation can be tested by using this new technique: the Mental Number Line (MNL), A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM) and Embodied Cognition (finger counting-based) account. While 26 healthy adults processed visually presented single digits in a go/no-go n-back paradigm, their passive holding forces for two small sensors were recorded in both hands. Spontaneous and unconscious grip force changes related to number magnitude occurred in the left hand already 100-140 ms after stimulus presentation and continued systematically. Our results support a two-step model of number processing where an initial stage is related to the automatic activation of all stimulus properties whereas a later stage consists of deeper conscious processing of the stimulus. This interpretation generalizes previous work with linguistic stimuli and elaborates the timeline of embodied cognition. We hope that the use of grip force recording will advance the field of numerical cognition research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{AyBryson2021,
  author    = {Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde},
  title     = {The authenticity of simulated patients in psychotherapy training and research},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-53373},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-533735},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Mental health problems are highly prevalent worldwide. Fortunately, psychotherapy has proven highly effective in the treatment of a number of mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety disorders. In contrast, psychotherapy training as is practised currently cannot be considered evidence-based. Thus, there is much room for improvement. The integration of simulated patients (SPs) into psychotherapy training and research is on the rise. SPs originate from the medical education and have, in a number of studies, been demonstrated to contribute to effective learning environments. Nevertheless, there has been voiced criticism regarding the authenticity of SP portrayals, but few studies have examined this to date. Based on these considerations, this dissertation explores SPs' authenticity while portraying a mental disorder, depression. Altogether, the present cumulative dissertation consists of three empirical papers. At the time of printing, Paper I and Paper III have been accepted for publication, and Paper II is under review after a minor revision. First, Paper I develops and validates an observer-based rating-scale to assess SP authenticity in psychotherapeutic contexts. Based on the preliminary findings, it can be concluded that the Authenticity of Patient Demonstrations scale is a reliable and valid tool that can be used for recruiting, training, and evaluating the authenticity of SPs. Second, Paper II tests whether student SPs are perceived as more authentic after they receive an in-depth role-script compared to those SPs who only receive basic information on the patient case. To test this assumption, a randomised controlled study design was implemented and the hypothesis could be confirmed. As a consequence, when engaging SPs, an in-depth role-script with details, e.g. on nonverbal behaviour and feelings of the patient, should be provided. Third, Paper III demonstrates that psychotherapy trainees cannot distinguish between trained SPs and real patients and therefore suggests that, with proper training, SPs are a promising training method for psychotherapy. Altogether, the dissertation shows that SPs can be trained to portray a depressive patient authentically and thus delivers promising evidence for the further dissemination of SPs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KuehnePaunovWeck2021,
  author    = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Paunov, Tatjana and Weck, Florian},
  title     = {Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {771},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-55447},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-554473},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Despite the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its precise identification remains challenging. With the Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive-Compulsive Screen (ZF-OCS; 5 or 6 items), a brief instrument is widely available mainly in English. As there is a lack of empirical studies on the ZF-OCS, the aim of the present study was to translate the items into German and investigate the instrument in a nonclinical sample. Methods In two consecutive online surveys, n = 304 and n = 51 students participated. Besides the ZF-OCS, they answered established measures on OCD, depression, health anxiety, general anxiety and health-related well-being. Results Whereas internal consistency was low (α = .53-.72; ω = .55-.69), retest reliability (rt1,t2 = .89) at two weeks was high. As expected, we found high correlations with other OCD instruments (r > .61; convergent validity), and significantly weaker correlations with measures of depression (r = .39), health anxiety (r = .29), and health-related well-being (r = -.28, divergent validity). Nonetheless, the correlations with general anxiety were somewhere in between (r = .52). Conclusions Due to heterogeneous OCD subtypes, the ZF-OCS asks diverse questions which probably resulted in the present internal consistency. Nevertheless, the results on retest reliability and validity were promising. As for other OCD instruments, divergent validity regarding general anxiety seems problematic to establish. Even so, the ZF-OCS seems valuable for screening purposes, as it is short and easy to administer, and may facilitate initiating subsequent clinical assessment. Further studies should determine the instrument's diagnostic accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{RoseGroegerHoelzle2021,
  author    = {Rose, Robert and Groeger, Lars and H{\"o}lzle, Katharina},
  title     = {The Emergence of Shared Leadership in Innovation Labs},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-54872},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548724},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Implementing innovation laboratories to leverage intrapreneurship are an increasingly popular organizational practice. A typical feature in these creative environments are semi-autonomous teams in which multiple members collectively exert leadership influence, thereby challenging traditional command-and-control conceptions of leadership. An extensive body of research on the team-centric concept of shared leadership has recognized the potential for pluralized leadership structures in enhancing team effectiveness; however, little empirical work has been conducted in organizational contexts in which creativity is key. This study set out to explore antecedents of shared leadership and its influence on team creativity in an innovation lab. Building on extant shared leadership and innovation research, we propose antecedents customary to creative teamwork, that is, experimental culture, task reflexivity, and voice. Multisource data were collected from 104 team members and 49 evaluations of 29 coaches nested in 21 teams working in a prototypical innovation lab. We identify factors specific to creative teamwork that facilitate the emergence of shared leadership by providing room for experimentation, encouraging team members to speak up in the creative process, and cultivating a reflective application of entrepreneurial thinking. We provide specific exemplary activities for innovation lab teams to increase levels of shared leadership.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{VerchStollHadzicetal.2021,
  author    = {Verch, Ronald and Stoll, Josefine and Hadzic, Miralem and Quarmby, Andrew and V{\"o}ller, Heinz},
  title     = {Whole-Body EMS Superimposed Walking and Nordic Walking on a Treadmill—Determination of Exercise Intensity to Conventional Exercise},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-54957},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-549575},
  pages     = {1 -- 9},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is an increasingly popular training method and has become the focus of research in recent years. New EMS devices offer a wide range of mobile applications for whole-body EMS (WB-EMS) training, e.g., the intensification of dynamic low-intensity endurance exercises through WB-EMS. The present study aimed to determine the differences in exercise intensity between WB-EMS-superimposed and conventional walking (EMS-CW), and CON and WB-EMS-superimposed Nordic walking (WB-EMS-NW) during a treadmill test. Eleven participants (52.0 ± years; 85.9 ± 7.4 kg, 182 ± 6 cm, BMI 25.9 ± 2.2 kg/m2) performed a 10 min treadmill test at a given velocity (6.5 km/h) in four different test situations, walking (W) and Nordic walking (NW) in both conventional and WB-EMS superimposed. Oxygen uptake in absolute (VO2) and relative to body weight (rel. VO2), lactate, and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before and after the test. WB-EMS intensity was adjusted individually according to the feedback of the participant. The descriptive statistics were given in mean ± SD. For the statistical analyses, one-factorial ANOVA for repeated measures and two-factorial ANOVA [factors include EMS, W/NW, and factor combination (EMS*W/NW)] were performed (α = 0.05). Significant effects were found for EMS and W/NW factors for the outcome variables VO2 (EMS: p = 0.006, r = 0.736; W/NW: p < 0.001, r = 0.870), relative VO2 (EMS: p < 0.001, r = 0.850; W/NW: p < 0.001, r = 0.937), and lactate (EMS: p = 0.003, r = 0.771; w/NW: p = 0.003, r = 0.764) and both the factors produced higher results. However, the difference in VO2 and relative VO2 is within the range of biological variability of ± 12\%. The factor combination EMS*W/NW is statistically non-significant for all three variables. WB-EMS resulted in the higher RPE values (p = 0.035, r = 0.613), RPE differences for W/NW and EMS*W/NW were not significant. The current study results indicate that WB-EMS influences the parameters of exercise intensity. The impact on exercise intensity and the clinical relevance of WB-EMS-superimposed walking (WB-EMS-W) exercise is questionable because of the marginal differences in the outcome variables.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MusculusTuenteRaabetal.2021,
  author    = {Musculus, Lisa and T{\"u}nte, Markus R. and Raab, Markus and Kayhan, Ezgi},
  title     = {An Embodied Cognition Perspective on the Role of Interoception in the Development of the Minimal Self},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-54497},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-544978},
  pages     = {9},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Interoception is an often neglected but crucial aspect of the human minimal self. In this perspective, we extend the embodiment account of interoceptive inference to explain the development of the minimal self in humans. To do so, we first provide a comparative overview of the central accounts addressing the link between interoception and the minimal self. Grounding our arguments on the embodiment framework, we propose a bidirectional relationship between motor and interoceptive states, which jointly contribute to the development of the minimal self. We present empirical findings on interoception in development and discuss the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self. Moreover, we make theoretical predictions that can be tested in future experiments. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive view on the mechanisms underlying the minimal self by explaining the role of interoception in the development of the minimal self.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchmidtFelisattiAsteretal.2021,
  author    = {Schmidt, Hendrikje and Felisatti, Arianna and Aster, Michael von and Wilbert, J{\"u}rgen and Moers, Arpad von and Fischer, Martin H.},
  title     = {Neuromuscular Diseases Affect Number Representation and Processing},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-52231},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-522312},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) both are rare genetic neuromuscular diseases with progressive loss of motor ability. The neuromotor developmental course of those diseases is well documented. In contrast, there is only little evidence about characteristics of general and specific cognitive development. In both conditions the final motor outcome is characterized by an inability to move autonomously: children with SMA never accomplish independent motoric exploration of their environment, while children with DMD do but later lose this ability again. These profound differences in developmental pathways might affect cognitive development of SMA vs. DMD children, as cognition is shaped by individual motor experiences. DMD patients show impaired executive functions, working memory, and verbal IQ, whereas only motor ability seems to be impaired in SMA. Advanced cognitive capacity in SMA may serve as a compensatory mechanism for achieving in education, career progression, and social satisfaction. This study aimed to relate differences in basic numerical concepts and arithmetic achievement in SMA and DMD patients to differences in their motor development and resulting sensorimotor and environmental experiences. Horizontal and vertical spatial-numerical associations were explored in SMA/DMD children ranging between 6 and 12 years through the random number generation task. Furthermore, arithmetic skills as well as general cognitive ability were assessed. Groups differed in spatial number processing as well as in arithmetic and domain-general cognitive functions. Children with SMA showed no horizontal and even reversed vertical spatial-numerical associations. Children with DMD on the other hand revealed patterns in spatial numerical associations comparable to healthy developing children. From the embodied Cognition perspective, early sensorimotor experience does play a role in development of mental number representations. However, it remains open whether and how this becomes relevant for the acquisition of higher order cognitive and arithmetic skills.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Gmeiner2021,
  author    = {Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia},
  title     = {Gewichtsstigmatisierung und Internalisierung des Gewichtsstigmas im Kindes- und Jugendalter: Einflussfaktoren und Folgen},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-53053},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-530530},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {VI, 65, LI},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Das Gewichtsstigma und insbesondere das internalisierte Gewichtsstigma sind bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit negativen Folgen f{\"u}r die physische und psychische Gesundheit assoziiert. Da die Befundlage in diesem Altersbereich jedoch noch unzureichend ist, war es das Ziel der Dissertation, beg{\"u}nstigende Faktoren und Folgen von gewichtsbezogener Stigmatisierung und internalisiertem Gewichtsstigma bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu untersuchen. Die Analysen basierten auf zwei großen Stichproben, die im Rahmen der prospektiven PIER-Studie an Schulen rekrutiert wurden. Die erste Publikation bezieht sich auf eine Stichprobe mit Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter zwischen 9 und 19 Jahren (49.2 \% weiblich) und untersuchte den prospektiven bidirektionalen Zusammenhang zwischen erlebter Gewichtsstigmatisierung und Gewichtsstatus anhand eines latenten Strukturgleichungsmodells {\"u}ber drei Messzeitpunkte hinweg. Die anderen beiden Publikationen beziehen sich auf eine Stichprobe mit Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter zwischen 6 und 11 Jahren (51.1 \% weiblich). Die zweite Publikation analysierte anhand einer hierarchischen Regression, welche intrapersonalen Risikofaktoren das internalisierte Gewichtsstigma prospektiv pr{\"a}dizieren. Die dritte Publikation untersuchte anhand von ROC-Kurven, ab welchem Ausmaß das internalisierte Gewichtsstigma mit einem erh{\"o}hten Risiko f{\"u}r psychosoziale Auff{\"a}lligkeit und gest{\"o}rtes Essverhalten einhergeht. Im Rahmen der ersten Publikation zeigte sich, dass ein h{\"o}herer Gewichtsstatus mit einer h{\"o}heren sp{\"a}teren Gewichtsstigmatisierung einhergeht und umgekehrt die Gewichtsstigmatisierung auch den sp{\"a}teren Gewichtsstatus pr{\"a}diziert. Die zweite Publikation identifizierte Gewichtsstatus, gewichtsbezogene H{\"a}nseleien, depressive Symptome, K{\"o}rperunzufriedenheit, Relevanz der eigenen Figur sowie das weibliche Geschlecht und einen niedrigeren Bildungsabschluss der Eltern als Pr{\"a}diktoren des internalisierten Gewichtsstigmas. Die dritte Publikation verdeutlichte, dass das internalisierte Gewichtsstigma bereits ab einem geringen Ausmaß mit einem erh{\"o}hten Risiko f{\"u}r gest{\"o}rtes Essverhalten einhergeht und mit weiteren psychosozialen Problemen assoziiert ist. Insgesamt zeigte sich, dass sowohl das erlebte als auch das internalisierte Gewichtsstigma bei Kindern und Jugendlichen {\"u}ber alle Gewichtsgruppen hinweg relevante Konstrukte sind, die im Entwicklungsverlauf ein komplexes Gef{\"u}ge bilden. Es wurde deutlich, dass es essentiell ist, bidirektionale Wirkmechanismen einzubeziehen. Die vorliegende Dissertation liefert erste Ansatzpunkte f{\"u}r die Gestaltung von Pr{\"a}ventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen, um ung{\"u}nstige Entwicklungsverl{\"a}ufe in Folge von Gewichtsstigmatisierung und internalisiertem Gewichtsstigma zu verhindern.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Eilers2021,
  author    = {Eilers, Sarah},
  title     = {Children's processing of anaphora during reading comprehension},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-52714},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-527141},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {107},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Viele Kinder haben Schwierigkeiten, w{\"a}hrend des Lesens einen Textinhalt ad{\"a}quat zu erfassen. Lesen ist eine komplexe kognitive Aufgabe, die verschiedene Unteraufgaben umfasst, darunter zum Beispiel das Dekodieren von W{\"o}rtern und das Verkn{\"u}pfen mehrerer aufeinander folgender S{\"a}tze. Einen Teil dieser Verkn{\"u}pfungen machen referenzielle Ausdr{\"u}cke aus. Referenzen wie nominale Anaphern (Minky/die Katze) oder Pronomen (Minky/sie) signalisieren den Lesenden, wie die Protagonisten und Protagonistinnen in aufeinander folgenden S{\"a}tzen zusammenh{\"a}ngen. Die Lesenden verkn{\"u}pfen diese Information in einem mentalen Modell des Textes, nachdem sie die Referenz aufgel{\"o}st haben. Besonders Personalpronomen (er/sie) k{\"o}nnen ohne einen solchen Aufl{\"o}sungsprozess nicht verstanden werden. Sie m{\"u}ssen mit einem passenden Antezedenten in Verbindung gebracht werden, oder das mentale Modell bleibt unvollst{\"a}ndig. Gelungene Pronomenaufl{\"o}sung ist somit besonders bedeutsam f{\"u}r ein gutes Textverst{\"a}ndnis. Die vorliegende Dissertation besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Pronomenaufl{\"o}sung von Grundschulkindern im Alter von 8-9 Jahren und geht dabei der grunds{\"a}tzlichen Frage nach, ob Kinder in diesem Alter Pronomen in nat{\"u}rlichen Lesesituationen spontan aufl{\"o}sen. Zudem wurde am Beispiel der Geschlechtsinformation des Pronomens untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Informationsdichte um die Pronomenregion auf die Blickbewegungen von Kindern hat. Dabei ging es auch um den Einfluss von Leseentwicklung und Lesefertigkeiten auf die Blickbewegungen beim Lesen, sowie auf das Verstehen eines Pronomens. Die erste Studie untersuchte das Lesen kurzer Texte, die aus jeweils drei S{\"a}tzen bestanden. Der erste Satz f{\"u}hrte einen Protagonisten mit Namen ein (Mia), auf den sich der zweite oder dritte Satz bezog, entweder mit einer Wiederholung des Namens (Mia) oder einem Pronomen (sie). Die Studie ging der Frage nach, ob Kinder bei solchen salienten Antezedenten ein Pronomen (sie) als referenziellen Ausdruck dem wiederholten Namen (Mia) vorziehen. In der Literatur zum Lesen Erwachsener ist dieser Befund als repeated name penalty effect bekannt: Der Lesefluss von ge{\"u}bten Lesenden wird durch die Wiederholung einer Nominalphrase deutlich beeintr{\"a}chtigt. F{\"u}r Kinder dagegen wurde die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass deren Lesefluss durch die Wiederholung verbessert werden k{\"o}nnte, und zwar aufgrund der sich {\"u}berlappenden Wortform (Mia - Mia) die eine kognitiv aufw{\"a}ndige Aufl{\"o}sung des Pronomens (Mia - sie) {\"u}berfl{\"u}ssig macht. Die zweite Studie untersuchte die Verarbeitung von kongruenten und inkongruenten Geschlechtsinformation auf dem Pronomen. Die Kinder bekamen komplexe S{\"a}tze zu lesen, bei denen das Pronomen entweder passend zum Antezedenten gew{\"a}hlt war (Mia - sie) oder unpassend (Mia - er). Erg{\"a}nzend wurden Leseverstehen und Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeit erhoben und mit der F{\"a}higkeit der Kinder, spontan ein inkongruentes Pronomen w{\"a}hrend des Lesens zu erkennen, in Verbindung gebracht. Die dritte Studie untersuchte die Blickbewegungen auf dem Pronomen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von variierender Geschlechtsinformationen genauer. Sie verglich den Lesefluss und das Leseverstehen von Kindern in Pronomenregionen, in denen das Pronomen anhand von der Geschlechtsinformation eindeutig einem Protagonisten zugeordnet werden kann (Peter und Paula…, er…) mit Lesesituationen, in denen der weitere Satzkontext zur Aufl{\"o}sung herangezogen werden muss (Peter und Paul, … er…). Dabei wurden die Blickbewegungen auf der Pronomenregion mit dem Leseverstehen, insbesondere dem Verstehen des Pronomens, in Verbindung gebracht. Dieses Experiment wurde im Sinne einer Longitudinalstudie in Klasse 3 und Klasse 4 mit der gleichen Gruppe von 70 Kindern durchgef{\"u}hrt. Zusammengefasst belegen die Ergebnisse dieser Dissertation, dass Kinder im Alter zwischen 8 und 9 Jahren noch deutliche Schwierigkeiten mit dem Verstehen von Pronomen in Leseaufgaben haben. Die Antworten auf Verst{\"a}ndnisfragen zum Pronomen zeigen insbesondere, dass Kinder die Kontextinformation in S{\"a}tzen nur unzureichend f{\"u}r die Pronomenaufl{\"o}sung nutzen, und dass ihr Verst{\"a}ndnis eines Pronomens wesentlich davon abh{\"a}ngt, ob das Pronomen anhand der Geschlechtsinformation eindeutig einem Antezedenten zugewiesen werden kann. Dies zeigte sich bei Kindern im 3., aber auch noch im 4. Schuljahr. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse von Blickbewegungsdaten, welche den wesentlichen Beitrag der vorliegenden Dissertation zum Forschungsfeld darstellen, zeigen zun{\"a}chst, dass Kinder ein Pronomen erwarten, wenn der Antezent salient ist (Studie 1). Anders als angenommen gibt es keinen Beleg daf{\"u}r, dass der kindliche Lesefluss von einer Wiederholung des Antezedenten profitiert. Der Befund eines repeated name penalty effects bei Kindern dieser Altersgruppe belegt im Gegenteil eine Sensitivit{\"a}t f{\"u}r die Diskursregeln, nach denen Pronomen auf saliente Antezedenten referieren. Allerdings kann daraus nicht abgeleitet werden, dass die Online-Pronomenaufl{\"o}sung von Kindern mit denen von erwachsenen Lesenden vergleichbar ist. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse von Blickbewegungsdaten auf der Pronomenregion (Studien 2 und 3) belegen wichtige Unterschiede zwischen Kindern und Erwachsenen, sowie deutliche interindividuelle Unterschiede in Zusammenhang mit dem Leseverstehen und der Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeit der Kinder. Die Ergebnisse der Studie 2 belegen einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeit eines Kindes und der F{\"a}higkeit, eine Inkongruenz zwischen Pronomen und Antezedenten w{\"a}hrend des Lesens wahrzunehmen. W{\"a}hrend alle Kinder l{\"a}ngere gaze durations (erste Verweildauer) auf einem inkongruenten Pronomen hatten, zeigte sich nur bei Kindern mit hoher Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeit eine Tendenz zu regressiven Blickbewegungen aus der fraglichen Pronomenregion. Diese regressiven Blickbewegungen gelten als Signal f{\"u}r eine lokale Verarbeitungsschwierigkeit und werden als Versuch interpretiert, diese Schwierigkeit aufzul{\"o}sen. Eine hohe Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeit war also korreliert mit dem Erkennen der Inkongruenz. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus war das Blickbewegungsmuster der Kinder, die die Inkongruenz erkannten, vergleichbarer mit dem der erwachsenen Kontrollgruppe. Die Befunde werden so interpretiert, dass Kinder mit einer h{\"o}heren Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeit mehr kognitive Ressourcen f{\"u}r die {\"U}berwachung ihres eigenen Leseprozesses zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen, und sie diese freien Ressourcen zur Pronomenaufl{\"o}sung auch in schwierigen Satzkontexten nutzen k{\"o}nnen. Kinder unterscheiden sich stark in ihrem Leseverstehen, auch innerhalb einer Kohorte. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Dissertation belegen, dass vorwiegend Kinder mit gutem Leseverstehen in der Lage sind, Pronomen w{\"a}hrend des Lesens anhand derer Geschlechtsinformation aufzul{\"o}sen. Es l{\"a}sst sich zeigen, dass sich gute Lesende nachweislich mehr Zeit in einer Pronomenregion nehmen, wenn das Pronomen anhand der Geschlechtsinformation direkt aufgel{\"o}st werden kann. Darin unterscheiden sie sich von schlechteren Lesenden, auch wenn diese insgesamt eine l{\"a}ngere Lesedauer zeigen. Das Alter der Kinder war dabei weniger entscheidend als ihre individuelle Leistung im Leseverstehens- und Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeitstest. Zusammengefasst l{\"a}sst sich sagen, dass gute Lesende unter den Kindern in der Lage sind, Pronomen w{\"a}hrend des Lesens spontan aufzul{\"o}sen. Dabei ist das Leseverstehen ein entscheidender Faktor in beiden untersuchten Altersstufen. F{\"u}r einen Einfluss des Alters der Kinder gab es dagegen kein Indiz. Der Beitrag der vorliegenden Dissertation zum Forschungsfeld ist die Untersuchung und Darstellung der spezifischen Blickbewegungsmuster im Zusammenhang mit einer erfolgreichen Aufl{\"o}sung von Pronomen bei Kindern. Das Blickbewegungsverhalten in der Pronomenregion ist abh{\"a}ngig vom Leseverstehen und der Lesefl{\"u}ssigkeit der Kinder. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass viele Kinder Pronomen w{\"a}hrend des Satzverstehens nicht spontan aufl{\"o}sen, was sich negativ auf ihr Leseverstehen auswirkt, und zwar vermutlich umso mehr in komplexeren Textzusammenh{\"a}ngen. Die vorliegende Arbeit verdeutlicht die kognitiven Anforderungen, die erfolgreiche Pronomenaufl{\"o}sung an Kinder stellt. Nicht zuletzt gibt sie wichtige Impulse f{\"u}r die Untersuchung von {\"u}bergeordneten Leseprozessen in nat{\"u}rlichen Leseumgebungen mittels Eyetracking auch bei j{\"u}ngeren Kindern.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeckJungaKliegletal.2021,
  author    = {Weck, Florian and Junga, Yvonne Marie and Kliegl, Reinhold and Hahn, Daniela and Brucker, Katharina and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael},
  title     = {Effects of competence feedback on therapist competence and patient outcome},
  series = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology},
  volume    = {89},
  journal   = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0022-006X},
  doi       = {10.1037/ccp0000686},
  pages     = {885 -- 897},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Objective: Therapist competence is considered essential for the success of psychotherapy. Feedback is an intervention which has the potential to improve therapist competence. The present study investigated whether competence feedback leads to an improvement of therapist competence and patient outcome. Method: Sixty-seven master-level clinical trainees were randomly assigned to either a competence feedback group (CFG) or a control group (CG). Patients with a diagnosis of major depression (N = 114) were randomly assigned to CFG or CG. Treatment included 20 individual sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). In CFG, therapists received, parallel to the treatment, five competence feedbacks, based on videotaped therapy sessions. Independent raters assessed therapist competence with the Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS) and provided the competence feedback. Patient outcome was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and therapeutic alliance (Helping Alliance Questionnaire [HAQ]) from both therapist's (HAQ-T) and patient's (HAQ-P) perspective were evaluated after each of the 20 sessions. Results: (a) Therapist competence (CTS) increased significantly more for CFG than CG. (b) Depression (BDI-II) decreased significantly across sessions for both groups, but without evidence for a group-differential benefit for the CFG. (c) Therapeutic alliance (HAQ-T/P) increased significantly across sessions for both groups from both perspectives, but without group differences. (d) There is a positive effect of BDI-II on CTS at the beginning and a negative effect of CTS on BDI-II at the end of therapy. Conclusion: Competence feedback improves therapists' independently rated competence, but there is no evidence that competence feedback in CBT leads to better outcome. What is the public health significance of this article? This study suggests the substantial value of systematic competence feedback for improving therapist competence in the psychotherapy of depression. No significant effect of competence feedback on the reduction of reported depressive symptoms was found.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HyoenaeHeikkilaeVainioetal.2021,
  author    = {Hy{\"o}n{\"a}, Jukka and Heikkil{\"a}, Timo T. and Vainio, Seppo and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Parafoveal access to word stem during reading},
  series = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science},
  volume    = {208},
  journal   = {Cognition : international journal of cognitive science},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0010-0277},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104547},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Previous studies (Hyona, Yan, \& Vainio, 2018; Yan et al., 2014) have demonstrated that in morphologically rich languages a word's morphological status is processed parafoveally to be used in modulating saccadic programming in reading. In the present parafoveal preview study conducted in Finnish, we examined the exact nature of this effect by comparing reading of morphologically complex words (a stem + two suffixes) to that of monomorphemic words. In the preview-change condition, the final 3-4 letters were replaced with other letters making the target word a pseudoword; for suffixed words, the word stem remained intact but the suffix information was unavailable; for monomorphemic words, only part of the stem was parafoveally available. Three alternative predictions were put forth. According to the first alternative, the morphological effect in initial fixation location is due to parafoveally perceiving the suffix as a highly frequent letter cluster and then adjusting the saccade program to land closer to the word beginning for suffixed than monomorphemic words. The second alternative, the processing difficulty hypothesis, assumes a morphological complexity effect: suffixed words are more complex than monomorphemic words. Therefore, the attentional window is narrower and the saccade is shorter. The third alternative posits that the effect reflects parafoveal access to the word's stem. The results for the initial fixation location and fixation durations were consistent with the parafoveal stem-access view.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MillerSchwarz2021,
  author    = {Miller, Jeff and Schwarz, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Delta plots for conflict tasks},
  series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1069-9384},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13423-021-01900-5},
  pages     = {1776 -- 1795},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {We describe a mathematically simple yet precise model of activation suppression that can explain the negative-going delta plots often observed in standard Simon tasks. The model postulates a race between the identification of the relevant stimulus attribute and the suppression of irrelevant location-based activation, with the irrelevant activation only having an effect if the irrelevant activation is still present at the moment when central processing of the relevant attribute starts. The model can be fitted by maximum likelihood to observed distributions of RTs in congruent and incongruent trials, and it provides good fits to two previously-reported data sets with plausible parameter values. R and MATLAB software for use with the model is provided.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zech2021,
  author    = {Zech, Philipp},
  title     = {Effects of exercise on different parameters in people living with HIV},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {28},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund. Personen, die mit der chronischen Erkrankung HIV leben (PWH), m{\"u}ssen ihr Leben lang die sog. antiretrovirale Therapie (ART) einnehmen, um einen Ausbruch der Erkrankung in das Vollbild AIDS (Akquiriertes Immun-Defizienz-Syndrom) zu vermeiden. Gleichzeitig ist die ART und HIV selbst assoziiert mit dem Auftreten zus{\"a}tzlicher Erkrankungen (Komorbidit{\"a}ten) kardiovaskul{\"a}rer oder psychologischer Natur. Die Pr{\"a}valenz von Komorbidit{\"a}ten und schlechter Lebensqualit{\"a}t ist im Vergleich zu HIV-negativen Personen deutlich h{\"o}her. Methoden. Es wurden zwei Metaanalysen zu sportlicher Bet{\"a}tigung, PWH und (1) kardiovaskul{\"a}ren und (2) psychologischen Parametern sowie eine Querschnittsstudie (HIBES-Studie, HIV-Begleiterkrankungen und Sport) durchgef{\"u}hrt. F{\"u}r die Auswertung der metaanalytischen Daten wurde der Review Manager 5.3, f{\"u}r die Auswertung der Daten der HIBES-Studie das Analyseprogramm „R" verwendet. In den Metaanalysen wurden, neben den Hauptanalysen verschiedener Parameter, erstmals spezifische Subgruppenanalysen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die HIBES-Studie untersuchte Unterschiede zwischen kumulativen (2-3 verschiedenen Sportarten pro Woche) und einfachen (eine Sportart pro Woche) Freizeitsport und analysiert die Zusammenh{\"a}nge von Parametern des Freizeitsports (Trainingsh{\"a}ufigkeit, -Minuten und -Intensit{\"a}t), Komorbidit{\"a}ten und der Lebensqualit{\"a}t. Ergebnisse. Ausdauer- und Krafttraining haben einen mittel-starken bis starken positiven Effekt auf die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (SMD= 0.66, p< .00001), den 6-Minuten-Walk-Test (6MWT) (SMD= 0.59, p= .02), die maximale Watt Zahl (SMD= 0.80, p= .009). Kein Effekt wurde bei der maximalen Herzfrequenz und dem systolischen sowie diastolischen Blutdruck gefunden. Subgruppenanalysen zu ≥3 Einheiten/Woche, ≥150 Min./Woche ergaben hohe Effektst{\"a}rken in der maximalen Watt Zahl und 6MWT. Ausdauer- und Krafttraining zusammen mit Yoga haben einen starken Effekt auf Symptome der Depression (SMD= -0.84, p= .02) und Angstst{\"o}rungen (SMD= -1.23, p= .04). Die Subanalyse der Depression zu professioneller Supervision und sportlicher Bet{\"a}tigung wiesen einen sehr starken Effekt (SMD= -1.40, p= .03). Die HIBES-Studie wies ein sehr differenziertes Bild im Sportverhalten von PWH in Deutschland auf. 49\% der Teilnehmer {\"u}bten mehr als eine Sportart pro Woche aus. Es wurden keine Unterschiede zwischen kumuliertem (CTE) und einfachem Sport (STE) in der Lebensqualit{\"a}t gefunden. Die Freizeitsportparameter (H{\"a}ufigkeiten/Woche, Minuten/Woche, Intensit{\"a}t/Woche) waren in der CTE-Gruppe deutlich h{\"o}her als in der STE-Gruppe. Trainingsminuten und die -Intensit{\"a}t zeigten beim Vorhandensein einer Komorbidit{\"a}t einen großen Zusammenhang mit der Lebensqualit{\"a}t. Die Minuten und die Intensit{\"a}t des durchgef{\"u}hrten Sportes zeigten einen pr{\"a}diktiven Zusammenhang mit der Lebensqualit{\"a}t. Konklusion: Sportliche Bet{\"a}tigung verbessert die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme und Symptome der Depression und Angstst{\"o}rungen. Die Aussagekraft der Subanalysen ist aufgrund der geringen Studienzahl, vorsichtig zu interpretieren. Erh{\"o}hte Trainingsparameter finden sich eher bei PWH, die mehr als eine Sportart pro Woche treiben. Daher kann kumulierter Sport als mediierender Faktor zur Steigerung der Lebensqualit{\"a}t interpretiert werden; zumindest bei PWH mit einer psychologischen Komorbidit{\"a}t.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HoferichterKulakowHufenbach2021,
  author    = {Hoferichter, Frances and Kulakow, Stefan and Hufenbach, Miriam Catrin},
  title     = {Support from parents, peers, and teachers is differently associated with middle school students' well-being},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.758226},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Parents, peers, and teachers provide a powerful context for school students' well-being. However, a detailed and systematic analysis of how parental, peer, and teacher support relate to students' well-being, measured by the dimensions self-worth, psychological and physical well-being, is still missing. To address this research gap, the following study investigates 733 adolescent German students from grades 7 and 8 (M-age = 13.97, SD = 0.41, 52\% girls) with respect to their perceived supportive relationships at home and within the school context. The study considers gender, socioeconomic status, and school form as potential confounders. The results of the structural equation model, analyzed with the statistical software R, indicate that perceived teacher support was positively related to students' self-worth and physical well-being, while peer support was related to psychological well-being. Students who perceived their parents as supportive reported higher well-being with respect to all three dimensions investigated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WendtHufenbach2021,
  author    = {Wendt, Julia and Hufenbach, Miriam Catrin},
  title     = {Trait anxiety and conditioned responding: role of the US work-up procedure?},
  series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research},
  volume    = {58},
  booktitle = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  issn      = {1469-8986},
  pages     = {S61 -- S61},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FelisattiFischerKulkovaetal.2021,
  author    = {Felisatti, Arianna and Fischer, Martin H. and Kulkova, Elena and K{\"u}hne, Katharina and Michirev, Alexej},
  title     = {Separation/connection procedures},
  series = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1469-1825},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0140525X20000461},
  pages     = {2},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Lee and Schwarz (L\&S) suggest that separation is the grounded procedure underlying cleansing effects in different psychological domains. Here, we interpret L\&S's account from a hierarchical view of cognition that considers the influence of physical properties and sensorimotor constraints on mental representations. This approach allows theoretical integration and generalization of L\&S's account to the domain of formal quantitative reasoning.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HahnWeckWitthoeftetal.2021,
  author    = {Hahn, Daniela and Weck, Florian and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael and K{\"u}hne, Franziska},
  title     = {Assessment of counseling self-efficacy},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780088},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: Many authors regard counseling self-efficacy (CSE) as important in therapist development and training. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the German version of the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales-Revised (CASES-R). Method: The sample consisted of 670 German psychotherapy trainees, who completed an online survey. We examined the factor structure by applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to the instrument as a whole. Results: A bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling model with one general and five specific factors provided the best fit to the data. Omega hierarchical coefficients indicated optimal reliability for the general factor, acceptable reliability for the Action Skills-Revised (AS-R) factor, and insufficient estimates for the remaining factors. The CASES-R scales yielded significant correlations with related measures, but also with therapeutic orientations. Conclusion: We found support for the reliability and validity of the German CASES-R. However, the subdomains (except AS-R) should be interpreted with caution, and we do not recommend the CASES-R for comparisons between psychotherapeutic orientations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schlegelmilch2021,
  author    = {Schlegelmilch, Karola},
  title     = {Grass or gravel? Influences on the visual categorization of naturalistic structures in infancy and early childhood},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-52637},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-526370},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xiv, 218},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Detecting and categorizing particular entities in the environment are important visual tasks that humans have had to solve at various points in our evolutionary time. The question arises whether characteristics of entities that were of ecological significance for humans play a particular role during the development of visual categorization. The current project addressed this question by investigating the effects of developing visual abilities, visual properties and ecological significance on categorization early in life. Our stimuli were monochromatic photographs of structure-like assemblies and surfaces taken from three categories: vegetation, non-living natural elements, and artifacts. A set of computational and rated visual properties were assessed for these stimuli. Three empirical studies applied coherent research concepts and methods in young children and adults, comprising (a) two card-sorting tasks with preschool children (age: 4.1-6.1 years) and adults (age: 18-50 years) which assessed classification and similarity judgments, (b) a gaze contingent eye-tracking search task which investigated the impact of visual properties and category membership on 8-month-olds' ability to segregate visual structure. Because eye-tracking with infants still provides challenges, a methodological study (c) assessed the effect of infant eye-tracking procedures on data quality with 8- to 12-month-old infants and adults. In the categorization tasks we found that category membership and visual properties impacted the performance of all participant groups. Sensitivity to the respective categories varied between tasks and over the age groups. For example, artifact images hindered infants' visual search but were classified best by adults, whereas sensitivity to vegetation was highest during similarity judgments. Overall, preschool children relied less on visual properties than adults, but some properties (e.g., rated depth, shading) were drawn upon similarly strong. In children and infants, depth predicted task performance stronger than shape-related properties. Moreover, children and infants were sensitive to variations in the complexity of low-level visual statistics. These results suggest that classification of visual structures, and attention to particular visual properties is affected by the functional or ecological significance these categories and properties may have for each of the respective age groups. Based on this, the project highlights the importance of further developmental research on visual categorization with naturalistic, structure-like stimuli. As intended with the current work, this would allow important links between developmental and adult research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Seelig2021,
  author    = {Seelig, Stefan},
  title     = {Parafoveal processing of lexical information during reading},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-50874},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-508743},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {xi, 113},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {During sentence reading the eyes quickly jump from word to word to sample visual information with the high acuity of the fovea. Lexical properties of the currently fixated word are known to affect the duration of the fixation, reflecting an interaction of word processing with oculomotor planning. While low level properties of words in the parafovea can likewise affect the current fixation duration, results concerning the influence of lexical properties have been ambiguous (Drieghe, Rayner, \& Pollatsek, 2008; Kliegl, Nuthmann, \& Engbert, 2006). Experimental investigations of such lexical parafoveal-on-foveal effects using the boundary paradigm have instead shown, that lexical properties of parafoveal previews affect fixation durations on the upcoming target words (Risse \& Kliegl, 2014). However, the results were potentially confounded with effects of preview validity. The notion of parafoveal processing of lexical information challenges extant models of eye movements during reading. Models containing serial word processing assumptions have trouble explaining such effects, as they usually couple successful word processing to saccade planning, resulting in skipping of the parafoveal word. Although models with parallel word processing are less restricted, in the SWIFT model (Engbert, Longtin, \& Kliegl, 2002) only processing of the foveal word can directly influence the saccade latency. Here we combine the results of a boundary experiment (Chapter 2) with a predictive modeling approach using the SWIFT model, where we explore mechanisms of parafoveal inhibition in a simulation study (Chapter 4). We construct a likelihood function for the SWIFT model (Chapter 3) and utilize the experimental data in a Bayesian approach to parameter estimation (Chapter 3 \& 4). The experimental results show a substantial effect of parafoveal preview frequency on fixation durations on the target word, which can be clearly distinguished from the effect of preview validity. Using the eye movement data from the participants, we demonstrate the feasibility of the Bayesian approach even for a small set of estimated parameters, by comparing summary statistics of experimental and simulated data. Finally, we can show that the SWIFT model can account for the lexical preview effects, when a mechanism for parafoveal inhibition is added. The effects of preview validity were modeled best, when processing dependent saccade cancellation was added for invalid trials. In the simulation study only the control condition of the experiment was used for parameter estimation, allowing for cross validation. Simultaneously the number of free parameters was increased. High correlations of summary statistics demonstrate the capabilities of the parameter estimation approach. Taken together, the results advocate for a better integration of experimental data into computational modeling via parameter estimation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LindborgAndersen2021,
  author    = {Lindborg, Alma and Andersen, Tobias S.},
  title     = {Bayesian binding and fusion models explain illusion and enhancement effects in audiovisual speech perception},
  series = {PLoS one},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {PLoS one},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {PLoS},
  address   = {San Fransisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0246986},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Speech is perceived with both the ears and the eyes. Adding congruent visual speech improves the perception of a faint auditory speech stimulus, whereas adding incongruent visual speech can alter the perception of the utterance. The latter phenomenon is the case of the McGurk illusion, where an auditory stimulus such as e.g. "ba" dubbed onto a visual stimulus such as "ga" produces the illusion of hearing "da". Bayesian models of multisensory perception suggest that both the enhancement and the illusion case can be described as a two-step process of binding (informed by prior knowledge) and fusion (informed by the information reliability of each sensory cue). However, there is to date no study which has accounted for how they each contribute to audiovisual speech perception. In this study, we expose subjects to both congruent and incongruent audiovisual speech, manipulating the binding and the fusion stages simultaneously. This is done by varying both temporal offset (binding) and auditory and visual signal-to-noise ratio (fusion). We fit two Bayesian models to the behavioural data and show that they can both account for the enhancement effect in congruent audiovisual speech, as well as the McGurk illusion. This modelling approach allows us to disentangle the effects of binding and fusion on behavioural responses. Moreover, we find that these models have greater predictive power than a forced fusion model. This study provides a systematic and quantitative approach to measuring audiovisual integration in the perception of the McGurk illusion as well as congruent audiovisual speech, which we hope will inform future work on audiovisual speech perception.},
  language  = {en}
}