@article{WawrzinekZiomkowskaHeuvelingetal.2013,
  author    = {Wawrzinek, Robert and Ziomkowska, Joanna and Heuveling, Johanna and Mertens, Monique and Herrmann, Andreas and Schneider, Erwin and Wessig, Pablo},
  title     = {DBD Dyes as Fluorescence Lifetime Probes to Study Conformational Changes in Proteins},
  series = {CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL},
  number    = {51},
  publisher = {WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH},
  address   = {WEINHEIM},
  issn      = {0947-6539},
  doi       = {10.1002/chem.201302368},
  pages     = {17349 -- 17357},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Previously, [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f][1,3]benzodioxole (DBD)-based fluorophores used as highly sensitive fluorescence lifetime probes reporting on their microenvironmental polarity have been described. Now, a new generation of DBD dyes has been developed. Although they are still sensitive to polarity, in contrast to the former DBD dyes, they have extraordinary spectroscopic properties even in aqueous surroundings. They are characterized by long fluorescence lifetimes (10-20ns), large Stokes shifts (approximate to 100nm), high photostabilities, and high quantum yields (>0.56). Here, the spectroscopic properties and synthesis of functionalized derivatives for labeling biological targets are described. Furthermore, thio-reactive maleimido derivatives of both DBD generations show strong intramolecular fluorescence quenching. This mechanism has been investigated and is found to undergo a photoelectron transfer (PET) process. After reaction with a thiol group, this fluorescence quenching is prevented, indicating successful bonding. Being sensitive to their environmental polarity, these compounds have been used as powerful fluorescence lifetime probes for the investigation of conformational changes in the maltose ATP-binding cassette transporter through fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy. The differing tendencies of the fluorescence lifetime change for both DBD dye generations promote their combination as a powerful toolkit for studying microenvironments in proteins.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{AstFischerMuelleretal.2013,
  author    = {Ast, Sandra and Fischer, Tobias and M{\"u}ller, Holger and Mickler, Wulfhard and Schwichtenberg, Mathias and Rurack, Knut and Holdt, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Integration of the 1,2,3-Triazole "Click" Motif as a potent signalling element in metal ion responsive fluorescent probes},
  series = {Chemistry - a European journal},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Chemistry - a European journal},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {0947-6539},
  doi       = {10.1002/chem.201201575},
  pages     = {2990 -- 3005},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In a systematic approach we synthesized a new series of fluorescent probes incorporating donoracceptor (D-A) substituted 1,2,3-triazoles as conjugative -linkers between the alkali metal ion receptor N-phenylaza-[18]crown-6 and different fluorophoric groups with different electron-acceptor properties (4-naphthalimide, meso-phenyl-BODIPY and 9-anthracene) and investigated their performance in organic and aqueous environments (physiological conditions). In the charge-transfer (CT) type probes 1, 2 and 7, the fluorescence is almost completely quenched by intramolecular CT (ICT) processes involving charge-separated states. In the presence of Na+ and K+ ICT is interrupted, which resulted in a lighting-up of the fluorescence in acetonitrile. Among the investigated fluoroionophores, compound 7, which contains a 9-anthracenyl moiety as the electron-accepting fluorophore, is the only probe which retains light-up features in water and works as a highly K+/Na+-selective probe under simulated physiological conditions. Virtually decoupled BODIPY-based 6 and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) type probes 35, where the 10-substituted anthracen-9-yl fluorophores are connected to the 1,2,3-triazole through a methylene spacer, show strong ion-induced fluorescence enhancement in acetonitrile, but not under physiological conditions. Electrochemical studies and theoretical calculations were used to assess and support the underlying mechanisms for the new ICT and PET 1,2,3-triazole fluoroionophores.},
  language  = {en}
}