@article{CaliendoGraeberKritikosetal.2022,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Graeber, Daniel and Kritikos, Alexander and Seebauer, Johannes},
  title     = {Pandemic depression},
  series = {Entrepreneurship theory and practice},
  volume    = {47},
  journal   = {Entrepreneurship theory and practice},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {SAGE Publishing},
  address   = {Thousand Oaks},
  issn      = {1042-2587},
  doi       = {10.1177/10422587221102106},
  pages     = {788 -- 830},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people's mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{CaliendoGraeberKritikosetal.2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Graeber, Daniel and Kritikos, Alexander and Seebauer, Johannes},
  title     = {Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {46},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-54899},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-548999},
  pages     = {65},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {We investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-employed people's mental health. Using representative longitudinal survey data from Germany, we reveal differential effects by gender: whereas self-employed women experienced a substantial deterioration in their mental health, self-employed men displayed no significant changes up to early 2021. Financial losses are important in explaining these differences. In addition, we find larger mental health responses among self-employed women who were directly affected by government-imposed restrictions and bore an increased childcare burden due to school and daycare closures. We also find that self-employed individuals who are more resilient coped better with the crisis.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CaliendoMahlstedtvandenBergetal.2022,
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Mahlstedt, Robert and van den Berg, Gerard J. and Vikstr{\"o}m, Johan},
  title     = {Side effects of labor market policies},
  series = {The Scandinavian journal of economics},
  volume    = {125},
  journal   = {The Scandinavian journal of economics},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0347-0520},
  doi       = {10.1111/sjoe.12514},
  pages     = {339 -- 375},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Labor market policies, such as training and sanctions, are commonly used to bring workers back to work. By analogy to medical treatments, exposure to these tools can have side effects. We study the effects on health using individual-level population registers on labor market outcomes, drug prescriptions, and sickness absence, comparing outcomes before and after exposure to training and sanctions. Training improves cardiovascular and mental health, and lowers sickness absence. This is likely to be the result of the instantaneous features of participation, such as the adoption of a more rigorous daily routine, rather than improved employment prospects. Benefits sanctions cause a short-run deterioration of mental health.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{CaliendoMahlstedtvandenBergetal.2020,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Caliendo, Marco and Mahlstedt, Robert and van den Berg, Gerard J. and Vikstr{\"o}m, Johan},
  title     = {Side Effects of Labor Market Policies},
  series = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  journal   = {CEPA Discussion Papers},
  number    = {22},
  issn      = {2628-653X},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-47883},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-478839},
  pages     = {33},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Labor market policy tools such as training and sanctions are commonly used to help bring workers back to work. By analogy to medical treatments, the individual exposure to these tools may have side effects. We study effects on health using individual-level population registers on labor market events outcomes, drug prescriptions and sickness absence, comparing outcomes before and after exposure to training and sanctions. We find that training improves cardiovascular and mental health and lowers sickness absence. The results suggest that this is not due to improved employment prospects but rather to instantaneous features of participation such as, perhaps, the adoption of a more rigorous daily routine. Unemployment benefits sanctions cause a short-run deterioration of mental health, possibly due higher stress levels, but this tapers out quickly.},
  language  = {en}
}