@article{MoustakasGuentherWiegandetal.2006,
  author    = {Moustakas, Aristides and G{\"u}nther, Matthias and Wiegand, Kerstin and M{\"u}ller, Karl-Heinz and Ward, David and Meyer, Katrin M. and Jeltsch, Florian},
  title     = {Long-term mortality patterns of the deep-rooted Acacia erioloba},
  series = {Journal of vegetation science},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Journal of vegetation science},
  publisher = {Blackwell},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {1100-9233},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02468.x},
  pages     = {473 -- 480},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Question: Is there a relationship between size and death in the Iona-lived, deep-rooted tree, Acacia erioloba, in a semi-arid savanna? What is the size-class distribution of A. erioloba mortality? Does the mortality distribution differ from total tree size distribution? Does A. erioloba mortality distribution match the mortality distributions recorded thus far in other environments? Location: Dronfield Ranch, near Kimberley, Kalahari, South Africa. Methods: A combination of aerial photographs and a satellite image covering 61 year was used to provide long-term spatial data on mortality. We used aerial photographs of the study area from 1940, 1964, 1984, 1993 and a satellite image from 2001 to follow three plots covering 510 ha. We were able to identify and individually follow ca. 3000 individual trees from 1940 till 2001. Results: The total number of trees increased over time. No relationship between total number of trees and mean tree size was detected. There were no trends over time in total number of deaths per plot or in size distributions of dead trees. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests showed no differences in size class distributions for living trees through time. The size distribution of dead trees was significantly different from the size distribution of all trees present on the plots. Overall, the number of dead trees was low in small size classes, reached a peak value when canopy area was 20 - 30 m(2), and declined in lamer size-classes. Mortality as a ratio of dead vs. total trees peaked at intermediate canopy sizes too. Conclusion: A. erioloba mortality was size-dependent, peaking at intermediate sizes. The mortality distribution differs from all other tree mortality distributions recorded thus far. We suggest that a possible mechanism for this unusual mortality distribution is intraspecific competition for water in this semi-arid environment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Reichard2006,
  author    = {Reichard, Christoph},
  title     = {Strengthening competitiveness of local public service providers in Germany},
  series = {International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration},
  volume    = {72},
  journal   = {International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Sage},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0020-8523},
  doi       = {10.1177/0020852306070079},
  pages     = {473 -- 492},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {This article discusses the challenges for providers of local public services to adapt to increasing marketization and competition in the public sector. Based on some empirical evidence from local government in Germany, the article describes different adaptive measures in the past and shows the legal restrictions to strengthening performance and particularly competitiveness. Furthermore, the article presents some findings from good practice cases of local service providers in Germany who have successfully exposed themselves to market mechanisms. Finally, the article discusses observed results of increased competitiveness in the local government sector, with special regard to quality, efficiency and public employment. The article concludes with describing necessary elements of a competitive regime for public services and with some general reflections about the role of competition in the public sector.},
  language  = {en}
}