@article{HolzBoeckerSchlierJennenSteinmetzetal.2018,
  author    = {Holz, Nathalie E. and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Hohm, Erika and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Baumeister, Sarah and Plichta, Michael M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Early maternal care may counteract familial liability for psychopathology in the reward circuitry},
  series = {Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1749-5016},
  doi       = {10.1093/scan/nsy087},
  pages     = {1191 -- 1201},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Reward processing is altered in various psychopathologies and has been shown to be susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. Here, we examined whether maternal care may buffer familial risk for psychiatric disorders in terms of reward processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task was acquired in participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth (N = 172, 25 years). Early maternal stimulation was assessed during a standardized nursing/playing setting at the age of 3 months. Parental psychiatric disorders (familial risk) during childhood and the participants' previous psychopathology were assessed by diagnostic interview. With high familial risk, higher maternal stimulation was related to increasing activation in the caudate head, the supplementary motor area, the cingulum and the middle frontal gyrus during reward anticipation, with the opposite pattern found in individuals with no familial risk. In contrast, higher maternal stimulation was associated with decreasing caudate head activity during reward delivery and reduced levels of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the high-risk group. Decreased caudate head activity during reward anticipation and increased activity during delivery were linked to ADHD. These findings provide evidence of a long-term association of early maternal stimulation on both adult neurobiological systems of reward underlying externalizing behavior and ADHD during development.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzBoeckerSchlierBuchmannetal.2016,
  author    = {Holz, Nathalie and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Baumeister, Sarah and Hohmann, Sarah and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Wolf, Isabella and Rietschel, Marcella and Witt, Stephanie H. and Plichta, Michael M. and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Evidence for a Sex-Dependent MAOAx Childhood Stress Interaction in the Neural Circuitry of Aggression},
  series = {Cerebral cortex},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Cerebral cortex},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Cary},
  issn      = {1047-3211},
  doi       = {10.1093/cercor/bhu249},
  pages     = {904 -- 914},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Converging evidence emphasizes the role of an interaction between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype, environmental adversity, and sex in the pathophysiology of aggression. The present study aimed to clarify the impact of this interaction on neural activity in aggression-related brain systems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 125 healthy adults from a high-risk community sample followed since birth. DNA was genotyped for the MAOA-VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats). Exposure to childhood life stress (CLS) between the ages of 4 and 11 years was assessed using a standardized parent interview, aggression by the Youth/Young Adult Self-Report between the ages of 15 and 25 years, and the VIRA-R (Vragenlijst Instrumentele En Reactieve Agressie) at the age of 15 years. Significant interactions were obtained between MAOA genotype, CLS, and sex relating to amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) response, respectively. Activity in the amygdala and hippocampus during emotional face-matching increased with the level of CLS in male MAOA-L, while decreasing in male MAOA-H, with the reverse pattern present in females. Findings in the opposite direction in the ACC during a flanker NoGo task suggested that increased emotional activity coincided with decreased inhibitory control. Moreover, increasing amygdala activity was associated with higher Y(A)SR aggression in male MAOA-L and female MAOA-H carriers. Likewise, a significant association between amygdala activity and reactive aggression was detected in female MAOA-H carriers. The results point to a moderating role of sex in the MAOAx CLS interaction for intermediate phenotypes of emotional and inhibitory processing, suggesting a possible mechanism in conferring susceptibility to violence-related disorders.},
  language  = {en}
}