@techreport{AharonBrillFonsecaetal.2020, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Aharon, Itzik and Brill, Antonia and Fonseca, Philip and Vandchali, Azin Alizadeh and Wendel, Nina}, title = {The Protection of Women Human Rights Defenders and their Collective Actions}, series = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, number = {10}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-44427}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-444278}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This paper evaluates the construction of the rights of human rights defenders within international law and its shortcomings in protecting women. Human rights defenders have historically been defined on the basis of their actions as defenders. However, as Marxist-feminist scholar Silvia Federici contends, women are inherently politicised and, moreover, face obstacles to political action which are invisible to and untouchable by the law. Labour rights set an example of handling such a disadvantaged political position by placing vital importance on workers' right to association and collective action. The paper closes with the suggestion that transposing this construction of rights to women would better protect women as human rights defenders while emphasising their capacity for self-determination in their political actions.}, language = {en} } @article{BauerMeier2019, author = {Bauer, Hartmut and Meier, Michael}, title = {Green Light for PPP on German Motorways?}, series = {Frontiers of law in China}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers of law in China}, number = {3}, publisher = {Higher education Press}, address = {Beijing}, issn = {1673-3428}, doi = {10.3868/s050-008-019-0016-2}, pages = {311 -- 334}, year = {2019}, abstract = {While public-private partnerships (PPPs) have surged worldwide since the 1990s, they have been met with growing skepticism during the last years. A recent revision of Germany's constitutional rules on motorway construction and observations on the use of PPPs published by both the German and the European Courts of Auditors illustrate this new caution. These two examples fit into a general trend towards a revival of the public sector, which can be summarized under the cross-level umbrella term "publicization." It would, however, be remiss to replace the uncritical euphoria that once surrounded privatization with a similarly undifferentiated euphoria regarding publicization. Rather, it is crucial to identify the most appropriate solution for the fulfilment of each public task from the "toolbox" of publicization on the one hand and privatization on the other hand in order to ensure the most effective completion of public functions.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Berger2020, author = {Berger, Juien}, title = {International investment protection within Europe}, series = {Routledge research in finance and banking law}, journal = {Routledge research in finance and banking law}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-0-367-61063-0}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {238}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The steadily rising number of investor-State arbitration proceedings within the EU has triggered an extensive backlash and an increased questioning of the international investment law regime by different Member States as well as the EU Commission. This has resulted in the EU's assertion of control over the intra-EU investment regime by promoting the termination of bilateral intra-EU investment treaties (intra-EU BITs) and by opposing the jurisdiction of arbitral tribunals in intra-EU investor-State arbitration proceedings. Against the backdrop of the landmark Achmea decision of the European Court of Justice, the book offers an in depth analysis of the interplay of international investment law and the law of the European Union with regard to intra-EU investments, i.e. investments undertaken by an investor from one EU Member State within the territory of another EU Member State. It specifically analyses the conflict between the two investment protection regimes applicable within the EU with a particular emphasis on the compatibility of the international legal instruments with the law of the European Union. The book thereby addresses the more general question of the relationship between EU law and international law and offers a conceptual framework of intra-European investment protection based on the analysis of all intra-EU BITs, the Energy Charter Treaty and EU law, as well as the arbitral practice in over 180 intra-EU investor-State arbitration proceedings. Finally, the book develops possible solutions to reconcile the international legal standards of protection with the regionalized transnational law of the European Union}, language = {en} } @incollection{Bickenbach2021, author = {Bickenbach, Christian}, title = {Smend, Rudolf}, series = {Encyclopedia of the philosophy of law and social philosophy}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of the philosophy of law and social philosophy}, editor = {Sellers, Mortimer and Kirste, Stephan}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-94-007-6730-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_795-1}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @incollection{Bickenbach2022, author = {Bickenbach, Christian}, title = {Legal peace through legal protection against administrative decisions}, series = {Novi Sad - European Capital of Culture 2022}, booktitle = {Novi Sad - European Capital of Culture 2022}, editor = {Ristivojević, Branislav and Jovanov, Ilija and Milutin, Milan and Midorović, Sloboda and Kovačević, Milica}, publisher = {University of Novi Sad Faculty of Law Publishing Centre}, address = {Novi Sad}, isbn = {978-86-7774-250-8}, pages = {45 -- 47}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{Breuer2004, author = {Breuer, Marten}, title = {State liability for judicial wrongs and Community law : the case Gerhard K{\"o}bler v. Austria}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{EbersHochRosenkranzetal.2021, author = {Ebers, Martin and Hoch, Veronica R. S. and Rosenkranz, Frank and Ruschemeier, Hannah and Steinr{\"o}tter, Bj{\"o}rn}, title = {The European Commission's proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act}, series = {J : multidisciplinary scientific journal}, volume = {4}, journal = {J : multidisciplinary scientific journal}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2571-8800}, doi = {10.3390/j4040043}, pages = {589 -- 603}, year = {2021}, abstract = {On 21 April 2021, the European Commission presented its long-awaited proposal for a Regulation "laying down harmonized rules on Artificial Intelligence", the so-called "Artificial Intelligence Act" (AIA). This article takes a critical look at the proposed regulation. After an introduction (1), the paper analyzes the unclear preemptive effect of the AIA and EU competences (2), the scope of application (3), the prohibited uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) (4), the provisions on high-risk AI systems (5), the obligations of providers and users (6), the requirements for AI systems with limited risks (7), the enforcement system (8), the relationship of the AIA with the existing legal framework (9), and the regulatory gaps (10). The last section draws some final conclusions (11).}, language = {en} } @misc{Geiss2013, author = {Geiss, Robin}, title = {Targeted killings law and morality in an asymmetrical world}, series = {European journal of international law}, volume = {24}, journal = {European journal of international law}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0938-5428}, pages = {722 -- 729}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @misc{Geiss2013, author = {Geiss, Robin}, title = {Targeted Killings and International Law}, series = {European journal of international law}, volume = {24}, journal = {European journal of international law}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0938-5428}, pages = {722 -- 729}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{GeissSiegrist2011, author = {Geiss, Robin and Siegrist, Michael}, title = {Has the armed conflict in Afghanistan affected the rules on the conduct of hostilities?}, series = {International review of the Red Cross : humanitarian debate: law, policy, action}, volume = {93}, journal = {International review of the Red Cross : humanitarian debate: law, policy, action}, number = {881}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1816-3831}, doi = {10.1017/S1816383111000191}, pages = {11 -- 46}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The armed conflict in Afghanistan since 2001 has raised manifold questions pertaining to the humanitarian rules relative to the conduct of hostilities. In Afghanistan, as is often the case in so-called asymmetric conflicts, the geographical and temporal boundaries of the battlefield, and the distinction between civilians and fighters, are increasingly blurred. As a result, the risks for both civilians and soldiers operating in Afghanistan are high. The objective of this article is to assess whether - and if so how much - the armed conflict in Afghanistan has affected the application and interpretation of the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution - principles that form the core of legal rules pertaining to the conduct of hostilities.}, language = {en} } @article{GonzalezHauckHerrmannHettihewaetal.2022, author = {Gonz{\´a}lez Hauck, Su{\´e} and Herrmann, Franziska and Hettihewa, Julian A. and Kraft, Dariush and Milas, Max and Springer, Stephanie and Weckner, Franka}, title = {Jurisdiction}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r ausl{\"a}ndisches {\"o}ffentliches Recht und V{\"o}lkerrecht}, volume = {82}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r ausl{\"a}ndisches {\"o}ffentliches Recht und V{\"o}lkerrecht}, number = {2}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {0044-2348}, doi = {10.17104/0044-2348-2022-2-289}, pages = {289 -- 298}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{Grohmann2022, author = {Grohmann, Nils-Hendrik}, title = {Tracing the development of the proportionality analysis in relation to forced evictions under the ICESCR}, series = {Human rights law review}, volume = {22}, journal = {Human rights law review}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1461-7781}, doi = {10.1093/hrlr/ngac025}, pages = {1 -- 24}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Since 2013, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights can examine individual communications under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). This opens up the possibility to interpret Covenant provisions in a thorough manner. With regard to forced evictions and the right to housing under Article 11 ICESCR, one can discern a fast-developing approach concerning the proportionality analysis of evictions, entailing the establishment of specific criteria that may guide such analysis. This paper seeks to delineate these developments and will also shed light on possible general trends on the topic of limitations within the Committee's emerging jurisprudence. In doing so, the paper will address if, and how, the developing proportionality analysis under the individual complaints procedure takes into consideration multi-discriminatory dimensions of State measures and how it specifically relates to or incorporates other ICESCR-concepts, such as minimum core obligations or the reasonableness review under Article 8(4) OP ICESCR.}, language = {en} } @misc{Grohmann2022, author = {Grohmann, Nils-Hendrik}, title = {How to avoid politicised monitoring?}, series = {V{\"o}lkerrechtsblog : Der Blog des Arbeitskreis junger V{\"o}lkerrechtswissenschaftler*innen}, journal = {V{\"o}lkerrechtsblog : Der Blog des Arbeitskreis junger V{\"o}lkerrechtswissenschaftler*innen}, publisher = {M. Riegner c/o Humboldt-Univ}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2510-2567}, doi = {10.17176/20220623-153108-0}, pages = {4}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Grohmann2024, author = {Grohmann, Nils-Hendrik}, title = {Strengthening the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies}, series = {Jus Internationale et Europaeum}, journal = {Jus Internationale et Europaeum}, number = {202}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-16-162825-2}, issn = {1861-1893}, doi = {10.1628/978-3-16-162826-9}, pages = {XV, 315}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Nils-Hendrik Grohmann besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit dem noch andauernden St{\"a}rkungsprozess der UN-Menschenrechtsvertragsorgane. Er analysiert, welche rechtlichen Befugnisse die Aussch{\"u}sse haben, ob sie von sich aus Vorschl{\"a}ge einbringen k{\"o}nnen und inwieweit sie ihre Verfahrensweisen bisher aufeinander abgestimmt haben. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Zusammenarbeit zwischen den verschiedenen Aussch{\"u}ssen und der Frage, welche Rolle das Treffen der Vorsitzenden bei der St{\"a}rkung spielen kann.}, language = {en} } @misc{Grohmann2024, author = {Grohmann, Nils-Hendrik}, title = {Strengthening the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {14}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-63344}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-633441}, pages = {XV, 315}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Nils-Hendrik Grohmann besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit dem noch andauernden St{\"a}rkungsprozess der UN-Menschenrechtsvertragsorgane. Er analysiert, welche rechtlichen Befugnisse die Aussch{\"u}sse haben, ob sie von sich aus Vorschl{\"a}ge einbringen k{\"o}nnen und inwieweit sie ihre Verfahrensweisen bisher aufeinander abgestimmt haben. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Zusammenarbeit zwischen den verschiedenen Aussch{\"u}ssen und der Frage, welche Rolle das Treffen der Vorsitzenden bei der St{\"a}rkung spielen kann.}, language = {en} } @article{Haratsch1998, author = {Haratsch, Andreas}, title = {Overlapping Human Rights Guarantees and the "Pacta tertiis"-Rule}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @misc{Hesse2018, author = {Hesse, Pia}, title = {Comment: neither Sunken Vessel nor Blooming Flower! The Lotus Principle and International Humanitarian Law}, series = {International Humanitarian Law in Areas of Limited Statehood: Adaptable and Legitimate or Rigid and Unreasonable?}, journal = {International Humanitarian Law in Areas of Limited Statehood: Adaptable and Legitimate or Rigid and Unreasonable?}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8452-8955-7}, doi = {10.5771/9783845289557-80}, pages = {80 -- 85}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kashgar2022, author = {Kashgar, Maral}, title = {The Transfer of Conflict-Related Detainees}, series = {Schriften des MenschenRechtsZentrums der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, volume = {48}, journal = {Schriften des MenschenRechtsZentrums der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, publisher = {Nomos}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-8507-0}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {449}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Die Arbeit untersucht bewaffnete Konfliktszenarien, in denen an multinationalen Milit{\"a}roperationen beteiligte Staaten w{\"a}hrend einer Gewahrsamsoperation gegnerische Kr{\"a}fte oder andere Personen in Gewahrsam nehmen und diese dann an die Kr{\"a}fte eines anderen Staates, oftmals der Hostnation mit zweifelhafter Menschenrechtsreputation, {\"u}berstellen. Gewahrsamspersonen laufen dann Gefahr, Opfer erheblicher Rechtsverletzungen zu werden}, language = {en} } @article{Kleemann2021, author = {Kleemann, Steven}, title = {Cyber warfare and the "humanization" of international humanitarian law}, series = {International journal of cyber warfare and terrorism}, volume = {11}, journal = {International journal of cyber warfare and terrorism}, number = {2}, publisher = {IGI Global}, address = {Hershey}, isbn = {978-1-7998-6177-5}, issn = {1947-3435}, doi = {10.4018/IJCWT.2021040101}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Cyber warfare is a timely and relevant issue and one of the most controversial in international humanitarian law (IHL). The aim of IHL is to set rules and limits in terms of means and methods of warfare. In this context, a key question arises: Has digital warfare rules or limits, and if so, how are these applicable? Traditional principles, developed over a long period, are facing a new dimension of challenges due to the rise of cyber warfare. This paper argues that to overcome this new issue, it is critical that new humanity-oriented approaches is developed with regard to cyber warfare. The challenge is to establish a legal regime for cyber-attacks, successfully addressing human rights norms and standards. While clarifying this from a legal perspective, the authors can redesign the sensitive equilibrium between humanity and military necessity, weighing the humanitarian aims of IHL and the protection of civilians-in combination with international human rights law and other relevant legal regimes-in a different manner than before.}, language = {en} } @article{Kleemann2019, author = {Kleemann, Steven}, title = {The Forgotten War: Yemen}, series = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, number = {8}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2509-6974}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43071}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430716}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The conflict in Yemen seems forgotten considering the worldwide severe humanitarian catastrophes. Nevertheless, since the conflict escalated around four years ago, it became one of the worst humanitarian crises in recent history and has no end in sight. Thousands of people were killed even more displaced and the country is facing tremendous food insecurity as well as the world's largest cholera outbreak. It is no longer just a civil war between the Houthi- and Hadi-Faction. International interests play a major role and made it a proxy war between Saudi Arabia (and its allies) on one side and Iran on the other. This all happens at the expense of the civilian population. Therefore, it is urgent to analyse the actors involved, their interests within the conflict and furthermore searching for possibilities to overcome it.}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2006, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Germany}, isbn = {83-88216-99-6}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2005, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Impact of treaty bodies on the international legal order}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2004, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {A comment on the issue of reservations to the provisions of the covenant representing (peremptory) rules of general international law}, isbn = {90-04- 14064-6}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2004, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Traditional and new minorities in Germany : different degrees of protection}, isbn = {952-121306-x}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2004, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Reflections on Article 5 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights}, isbn = {90-04-14078-6}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2004, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {The international covenant on civil and political rights : cases, materials, and commentaries}, issn = {0002-9300}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2004, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {The law and process of the UN Human Rights Committee}, issn = {0002-9300}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2003, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Participation in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights : how States Become States Parties}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2002, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Human Dignity in German Law}, isbn = {90-411-1783-0}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2002, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Human Rights Committee}, isbn = {90-411-1865-9}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2002, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Human Rights Conventions : CCPR - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights}, isbn = {90-411-1865-9}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2002, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Human Rights Conventions : CESCR - International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights}, isbn = {90-411-1865-9}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{Klein1997, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {The Concept and Implementation of Minority Protection}, year = {1997}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2000, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {The duty to protect and to ensure human rights under the international covenant on civil and political rights}, isbn = {3-8305-0014-9}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{Klein2000, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Should the binding effect of the judgements of the European Court of Human Rights be extended?}, isbn = {3-452-24253-6}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{Klein1999, author = {Klein, Eckart}, title = {Individual reparation claims under the international covenant on civil and political rights : the practice of the human rights committee}, year = {1999}, language = {en} } @article{KleinKimms1996, author = {Klein, Eckart and Kimms, Frank}, title = {Germany : Re-Unification and the Restoration of Legal Unity}, year = {1996}, language = {en} } @article{Krajewski2008, author = {Krajewski, Markus}, title = {Comment: Quis custodiet necessitatem? Adjudicating necessity in multilevel systems an the importance of judical dialogue}, isbn = {0-521-89688-6}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{Krajewski2008, author = {Krajewski, Markus}, title = {Recognition, standardisation and harmonisation: Which rules for GATS in times of crisis?}, isbn = {0-521-89688-6}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{Krajewski2005, author = {Krajewski, Markus}, title = {External trade law and the Constitution Treaty : Towards a federal and more democratic common commercial policy?}, issn = {0165-0750}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @book{Krajewski2003, author = {Krajewski, Markus}, title = {National Regulation and Trade Liberalization in Services}, publisher = {Kluwer Law Internat}, address = {The Hague}, isbn = {90-411-2141-2}, pages = {245 S.}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{Kulick2021, author = {Kulick, Andreas}, title = {Minority protection in German-Polish relations}, series = {Polish Yearbook of International Law}, volume = {41}, journal = {Polish Yearbook of International Law}, number = {41}, publisher = {Agencja Scholar}, address = {Warszawa}, issn = {0554-498X}, doi = {10.24425/PYIL.2022.142339}, pages = {63 -- 79}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The anniversaries of the 1970 Warsaw and the 1990 2+4 Treaties give occasion to revisit the matter of minority protection in German-Polish relations. The interwar system established a problematic unevenness that tainted its acceptance, particularly from the Polish perspective. After 1990 the minority issues achieved an increased, albeit moderate, relevance in German-Polish relations. To some extent the 1991 Polish-German Treaty on Good Neighbourly Relations and Friendly Co-operation retains the unevenness of the inter-war period, as Art. 20(1) recognizes a German minority in Poland, but refuses to acknowledge a Polish minority in Germany. However, currently the thorniest issues concern various situations related to the "Silesians" in Poland, which the Polish government does not recognize as a protected minority under the European Council Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lahmann2020, author = {Lahmann, Henning}, title = {Unilateral Remedies to Cyber Operations}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-1-108-47986-8}, doi = {10.1017/9781108807050}, pages = {325}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Addressing both scholars of international law and political science as well as decision makers involved in cybersecurity policy, the book tackles the most important and intricate legal issues that a state faces when considering a reaction to a malicious cyber operation conducted by an adversarial state. While often invoked in political debates and widely analysed in international legal scholarship, self-defence and countermeasures will often remain unavailable to states in situations of cyber emergency due to the pervasive problem of reliable and timely attribution of cyber operations to state actors. Analysing the legal questions surrounding attribution in detail, the book presents the necessity defence as an evidently available alternative. However, the shortcomings of the doctrine as based in customary international law that render it problematic as a remedy for states are examined in-depth. In light of this, the book concludes by outlining a special emergency regime for cyberspace.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Le2008, author = {Le, Thi Thuy Huong}, title = {Towards codifying a new social security code and reforming social security system : experiences of Germany and the adaptation to Vietnam = Auf dem Weg zu einem neuen Sozialrecht und die Reform des Systems der sozialen Sicherheit}, publisher = {Der Andere Verl.}, address = {T{\"o}nning}, isbn = {978-3-89959-812-4}, pages = {VII, 219 S.}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @techreport{LetsiouHaeuslerBeckenkampRoethlisberger2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Letsiou H{\"a}usler, Anna and Beckenkamp, Nicolas and R{\"o}thlisberger, Livia}, title = {New Dimensions of an Old Dilemma}, series = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, number = {7}, editor = {Weiß, Norman}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2509-6974}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42486}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424869}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Unfolding the history of one of the oldest human val-ues, the freedom of expression, while defining its limits, is a complicated task. Does freedom stop where hate starts? This very old dilemma is -now more than ever before- revealing new dimensions. Politicians and new laws aim at regulating free expression, while disagree-ments over such regulation gradually become a source of endless conflict in newly formed multicultural, inter-connected, and digitized societies. The example of the Network Enforcement Act is used to understand the idea of restrictive legal practices in Germany, but also to enlighten the fact that law is a human construction which was created in order to regulate communication among individuals. Alternative practices, to straight legal ones, are summarized to show other dimensions of regulating hate speech without involving top-down approaches. The article proposes the approach of re-storative justice as a combination of legal and medita-tive practices in cases of hate speech. One advantage of the restorative justice approach elaborated in this arti-cle is the potential to remedy the inner hate and the pain, both of the victim and perpetrator. Finally, reveal-ing parts of history and new aspects of the 'hate speech-puzzle', leads to a questioning of contemporary social structures that possibly generate hate itself.}, language = {en} } @techreport{Mena2021, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Mena, Wogene Berhanu}, title = {Civilizational hexagon as a pathway to conflict management}, series = {State, Law, and Politics - Research and Discussion Papers}, journal = {State, Law, and Politics - Research and Discussion Papers}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2509-6974}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51669}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516695}, pages = {21}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper examines the attempts of implement-ing components of the concept called Civiliza-tional Hexagon as a pathway to civilizing conflict in the Sub-Saharan Africa in the post-Cold War period. Despite significant decline in the violent conflict and substantial progress socio-economic aspects in the period, most states in the region have been facing challenges in their way to civilize conflict related to absence of inclusive political system, weak state unable to monopolize the use of violence in its territory, and social injustice. On the other hand, states like Botswana and Mauritius managed to civilize conflict through significant improvement in democratic consolidation. Besides their relative success in implementing six elements, these states enabled to integrate traditional institutions with modern state apparatus that helped them to fill the gap created as result of exogenous state formation process and the resulting unfinished nation-building project. Additionally, traditional institutions contributed to managing diversity.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Pati2009, author = {Pati, Roza}, title = {Due process and international terrorism}, series = {Studie in intercultural human rights}, volume = {1}, journal = {Studie in intercultural human rights}, publisher = {Martinus Nijhoff Publishers}, address = {Leiden, Boston}, isbn = {978-90-04-17238-8}, issn = {1876-9861}, doi = {10.1163/ej.9789004172388.i-520}, pages = {520 S.}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Psilogenis2020, author = {Psilogenis, Christos}, title = {The right of the peoples to peace and security under the UN Charter}, volume = {2020}, publisher = {Ekdosis Vivliekdotiki}, address = {Aradippou}, isbn = {978-9963-675-69-2}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {537}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Salih2021, author = {Salih, Chehab}, title = {International Aviation Law for Aerodrome Planning}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-56841-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-56842-9}, pages = {xiv, 260}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The objective of this book is to provide ICAO, States, competent authorities and aerodrome operators with a comprehensive overview of legal challenges related to international aerodrome planning. Answers to derived legal questions as well as recommendations thereafter shall help to enhance regulatory systems and to establish a safer aerodrome environment worldwide. Compliant aerodrome planning has an immense impact on the safety of passengers, personnel, aircraft - and of course the airport. Achieving a high safety standard is crucial, as many incidents and accidents in aviation happen at or in the vicinity of airports. Currently, more than 40\% of the ICAO Member States do not fully comply with international legal requirements for aerodrome planning. Representatives of ICAO and States, as well as aerodrome and authority personnel, will understand why compliance with the different legal facets of aerodrome planning is challenging and learn how shortcomings can be solved.​}, language = {en} } @article{Schmahl2001, author = {Schmahl, Stefanie}, title = {Integration of foreign students in the German school system}, issn = {0927-5568}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @incollection{Schmidt2021, author = {Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo}, title = {Urbanisation and local government - an introduction}, series = {Urbanisation and local government(s)}, booktitle = {Urbanisation and local government(s)}, editor = {Hoffman, Istv{\´a}n and Rozsnyai, Krisztina F. and Nagy, Marianna}, publisher = {Institute for Local Self-Government}, address = {Maribor}, isbn = {978-961-7124-06-4}, doi = {10.4335/2021.7}, pages = {5 -- 14}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This introductory essay is structured as follows: First of all, several forms of urbanisation (I.) are introduced and the processes of urbanisation and dis-urbanisation (II.) are defined. Then four fields of law which are deeply affected by urbanisation are put into the focus. These are, local government law (III.), but also public building law (IV.), civil service law (V.) and public finance law (VI.). Afterwards the effects of the corona pandemic on these fields of law are contemplated, taking account of the process of urbanisation (VII.). Finally, the main results are summarised (VIII.).}, language = {en} } @incollection{Schmidt2021, author = {Schmidt, Thorsten Ingo}, title = {The cde of conduct for the justices of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany}, series = {Challenged justice}, booktitle = {Challenged justice}, editor = {Shetreet, Shimon and Chodosh, Hiram and Helland, Eric}, publisher = {Brill Nijhoff}, address = {Leiden ; Boston}, isbn = {978-9-00442-155-4}, doi = {10.1163/9789004421554_016}, pages = {293 -- 299}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In all matters, both official and unofficial, the Justices of the Federal Constitutional Court conduct themselves in a way that does notcompromise the reputation of the Court, the dignity of their officeor confidence in their independence, impartiality, neutrality and integrity.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Steiger2019, author = {Steiger, Dominik}, title = {International law and new challenges to democracy in the digital age}, series = {Big data, political campaigning and the law : democracy and privacy in the age of micro-targeting}, booktitle = {Big data, political campaigning and the law : democracy and privacy in the age of micro-targeting}, editor = {Witzleb, Normann and Paterson, Moira and Richardson, Janice}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {9780429288654}, doi = {10.4324/9780429288654}, pages = {71 -- 98}, year = {2019}, abstract = {This chapter aims to analyse whether and how democracy is actually threatened by big-data-based operations and what role international law can play to respond to this possible threat. It shows how big-data-based operations challenge democracy and how international law can help in defending it. The chapter focuses on both state and non-state actors may undermine democracy through big data operations; although democracy as such is a rather underdeveloped concept in international law, which is often more concerned with effectivity than legitimacy - international law protects against these challenges via a democracy-based approach rooted in international human rights law on the one hand, and the principle of non-intervention on the other hand. Thus, although democracy does not play a major role in international law, international law nevertheless is able to protect democracy against challenges from the inside as well as outside.}, language = {en} } @article{Streck2020, author = {Streck, Charlotte}, title = {Filling in for Governments?}, series = {Journal for European Environmental \& Planning Law}, volume = {17}, journal = {Journal for European Environmental \& Planning Law}, number = {1}, publisher = {Martinus Nijhoff Pub}, address = {Leiden}, issn = {1613-7272}, doi = {10.1163/18760104-01701003}, pages = {5 -- 28}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change abandons the Kyoto Protocol's paradigm of binding emissions targets and relies instead on countries' voluntary contributions. However, the Paris Agreement encourages not only governments but also sub-national governments, corporations and civil society to contribute to reaching ambitious climate goals. In a transition from the regulated architecture of the Kyoto Protocol to the open system of the Paris Agreement, the Agreement seeks to integrate non-state actors into the treaty-based climate regime. In 2014 the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Peru and France created the Non-State Actor Zone for Climate Action (and launched the Global Climate Action portal). In December 2019, this portal recorded more than twenty thousand climate-commitments of private and public non-state entities, making the non-state venues of international climate meetings decisively more exciting than the formal negotiation space. This level engagement and governments' response to it raises a flurry of questions in relation to the evolving nature of the climate regime and climate change governance, including the role of private actors as standard setters and the lack of accountability mechanisms for non-state actions. This paper takes these developments as occasion to discuss the changing role of private actors in the climate regime.}, language = {en} } @article{TosunSchulze2015, author = {Tosun, Jale and Schulze, Kai}, title = {Compliance with EU biofuel targets in South-Eastern and Eastern Europe: Do interest groups matter?}, series = {Environment \& planning : international journal of urban and regional research ; C, Government \& policy}, volume = {33}, journal = {Environment \& planning : international journal of urban and regional research ; C, Government \& policy}, number = {5}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {London}, issn = {0263-774X}, doi = {10.1177/0263774X15605923}, pages = {950 -- 968}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The European Union requires its member states to establish national targets for the biofuel content of all diesel and petrol supplies for transport placed on the market. This study explores the adoption of this European Union policy across South-Eastern and Eastern Europe between 2003 and 2012. In theoretical terms, we are specifically interested in examining the role of interest groups for policy adoption. We argue that the oil industry in general and the producers of biofuels in particular will support the establishment of national biofuel targets because they expect economic gains. By contrast, we expect environmental groups with international and regional ties to oppose such targets because biofuels have come under attack for their potential environmental impact including deforestation, a loss in biodiversity, and food insecurity. Empirically, we concentrate on policy adoptions in 21 South-Eastern and Eastern European states with varied relations to the European Union and the Energy Community. Our analysis supports our main arguments in suggesting that a stronger presence of environmental groups decreases the chances of adopting national biofuel targets across our country sample while producer interests tend to increase adoptions. This finding holds true also when controlling for a country's European Union membership and accession perspective, membership in the Energy Community, and additional domestic-level factors. These results add more generally to our understanding about compliance with European Union policies and environmental governance.}, language = {en} } @article{UlfsteinZimmermann2018, author = {Ulfstein, Geir and Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Certiorari through the Back Door?}, series = {The Law \& Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, volume = {17}, journal = {The Law \& Practice of International Courts and Tribunals}, number = {2}, publisher = {Brill}, address = {Leiden}, issn = {1569-1853}, doi = {10.1163/15718034-12341381}, pages = {289 -- 308}, year = {2018}, abstract = {In its Burmych and Others v. Ukraine judgment of October 2017 the European Court of Human Rights dismissed more than 12,000 applications due to the fact that they were not only repetitive in nature, but also mutatis mutandis identical to applications covered by a previous pilot judgment rendered against Ukraine. This raises fundamental issues as to the role of the Court within the human rights protection system established by the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as those concerning the interrelationship between the Court and the Committee of Ministers.}, language = {en} } @techreport{VasquezCarruthers2018, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Vasquez Carruthers, Juan Francisco}, title = {UNHCR and the European refugee crisis}, series = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, number = {5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410429}, pages = {16}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Since 2015, the European Union has struggled to deal with the influx of refugees coming into its territories. The number of institutions involved in designing a competent response approach, com-bined with the unilateral and uncoordinated state reactions, have left unclear where to look for when searching for answers and new alternatives. Can the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) take a leading role in solving this and future crises? After a brief recapitulation of the crisis, an analysis of UNHCR's statue, relationship to international law, and doctrine will put this question to the test while exploring options that are not only available but also feasible in a system where politics trump both legality and morality. If UNHCR is to play an active role in fu-ture refugee policies and become the lead agency it once was, a new daring and innovative approach has to emerge in order to readapt to the power relations that prevail in the twenty-first century.}, subject = {V{\"o}lkerrecht}, language = {en} } @techreport{Verlaan2018, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Verlaan, Stephanie}, title = {Male victims of wartime sexual violence: an ignored phenomenon}, series = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, journal = {Staat, Recht und Politik - Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere}, number = {6}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {2509-6974}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412632}, pages = {13}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The phenomenon of male-to-male sexual assault undoubtedly occurs, both in domestic and conflict contexts. There is a small but growing discourse supporting the analysis of this phenomenon, however it remains significantly limited and its growth disproportionate to the concerns it warrants. The international law, NGO and State actors are largely responsible for this inhibition, predominately attributable to their intent in preserving the feminist and patriarchal values on which their institutions are founded. The strength with which the feminist discourse has embedded itself into the agendas of relevant actors is obstructing attempts at unbiased analysis of gender-based violence and the development of a discourse dedicated to understanding male sexual assault. It appears to be a prevailing sector-wide perception that females are the only victims of sexual violence and that creating space for a discussion on male-sexual assault will detract worth from the feminist discourse on female sexual assault. This paper discusses the means in which the sectors ignorance towards male sexual assault manifests and the harmful implications of ignoring this phenomenon. The author uses contextual analyses from development, international law, and cultural examples.}, subject = {Geschlechterrolle}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{vonRebay2023, author = {von Rebay, Anna}, title = {The Designation of Marine Protected Areas}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-29174-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-29175-3}, pages = {XV, 278}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This book provides empirical evidence that all States have a universally binding obligation to adopt national laws and international treaties to protect the marine environment, including the designation of Marine Protected Areas. Chapter by chapter this obligation is detailed, providing the foundation for holding States responsible for fulfilling this obligation. The fundamentals are analysed in a preliminary chapter, which examines the legally binding sources of the Law of the Sea as well as its historical development to help readers understand the key principles at hand. The Law of the Sea provides more than 1000 instruments and more than 300 regulations concerning marine protection. While the scope of most treaties is limited either regarding species, regions or activities, one regulation addresses States in all waters: the obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment as stipulated under Art. 192 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). As this 'Constitution of the Ocean' not only contains conventional laws but also very broadly reflects pre-existing rules of customary international law, an extensive analysis of all statements made by States in the UN General Assembly, their practices, national laws and regulations as well as other public testimonials demonstrates that Art. 192 UNCLOS indeed binds the whole community of States as a rule of customary international law with an erga omnes effect. Due to the lack of any objections and its fundamental value for humankind, this regulation can also be considered a new peremptory norm of international law (ius cogens). While the sovereign equality of States recognises States' freedom to decide if and how to enter into a given obligation, States can also waive this freedom. If States accepted a legally binding obligation, they are thus bound to it. Concerning the specific content of Art. 192 UNCLOS, a methodical interpretation concludes that only the adoption of legislative measures (national laws and international agreements) suffices to comply with the obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment, which is confirmed by the States' practices and relevant jurisprudence. When applied to a specific geographical area, legislative measures to protect the marine environment concur with the definition of Marine Protected Areas. Nonetheless, as the obligation applies to all waters, the Grotian principle of the freedom of the sea dictates that the restriction of activities through the designation of Marine Protected Areas, on the one hand, must be weighed against the freedoms of other States on the other. To anticipate the result: while all other rights under the UNCLOS are subject to and contingent on other regulations of the UNCLOS and international law, only the obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment is granted absolutely - and thus outweighs all other interests}, language = {en} } @article{Weiss2021, author = {Weiß, Norman}, title = {How to integrate environmental law into constitutional law}, series = {Revue juridique de l'Oc{\´e}an Indien}, volume = {26}, journal = {Revue juridique de l'Oc{\´e}an Indien}, number = {31}, publisher = {Universit{\´e} de La R{\´e}union}, address = {Saint-Denis}, issn = {1630-6910}, pages = {171 -- 175}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This chapter consists of three parts. In the first part, I will give a short overview about the integration of the protection of the environment into German constitutional law. This section will start with the presentation of the relevant provision, Art. 20a BL. Then, I will elaborate on its legal character. In the second part, I will make some brief remarks on the practical implications of Art. 20a BL. Finally, I will present some preliminary conclusions.}, language = {en} } @book{WeissVerlaanVasquezCarruthersetal.2022, author = {Weiß, Norman and Verlaan, Stephanie and Vasquez Carruthers, Juan Francisco and Mair, Theresa and Conner, Sean and Maaser, Lucas and R{\"o}thlisberger, Livia}, title = {Transitional Justice}, series = {Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik}, journal = {Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik}, number = {7}, editor = {Weiß, Norman}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-473-9}, issn = {1869-2443}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43171}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431711}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {194}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This publication deals with the topic of transitional justice. In six case studies, the authors link theoretical and practical implications in order to develop some innovative approaches. Their proposals might help to deal more effectively with the transition of societies, legal orders and political systems. Young academics from various backgrounds provide fresh insights and demonstrate the relevance of the topic. The chapters analyse transitions and conflicts in Sierra Leone, Argentina, Nicaragua, Nepal, and South Sudan as well as Germany's colonial genocide in Namibia. Thus, the book provides the reader with new insights and contributes to the ongoing debate about transitional justice.}, language = {en} } @incollection{WeissZimmermann2022, author = {Weiß, Norman and Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Remarks on the relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law}, series = {Human rights and international humanitarian law : challenges ahead}, booktitle = {Human rights and international humanitarian law : challenges ahead}, editor = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Weiß, Norman}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {978-1-83910-826-6}, doi = {10.4337/9781839108273.00006}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Back in 1949, and thus only one year after the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the four Geneva Conventions were adopted, providing a strong signal for a new world order created after 1945 with the United Nations at their centre and combining as their goals both the maintenance of peace and security and the protection of human rights, but also recognising, realistically, that succeeding generations had so far not yet been saved from the scourge of war. Hence, the continued need for rules governing, and limiting, the means and methods of warfare once an armed conflict has erupted. At the same time, the international community has unfortunately not been able so far to fully safeguard individual human rights, its efforts to that effect and the continuous development of international human rights law over the years notwithstanding.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Wisehart2016, author = {Wisehart, Daniel}, title = {Drug Control and International Law}, series = {Routledge Research in International Law}, journal = {Routledge Research in International Law}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-138-48604-1}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {xii, 232}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This book provides for an extensive legal analysis of the international drug control system in light of the growing challenges and criticism that this system faces. In the current debate on global drug policy, the central pillars of the international drug control system - the UN Drug Conventions as well as its institutions - are portrayed as outdated, suppressive and seen as an obstacle to necessary changes. The book's objective is to provide an in-depth and positivist insight into drug control's present legal framework and thus provide for a better understanding of the normative assumptions upon which drug control is currently based. This is attained by clarifying the objectives of the international drug control system and the premises by which these objectives are to be achieved. The objective of the current global framework of international drug control is the limitation of drugs to medical and scientific purposes. The meaning of this objective and its concrete implications for States' parties as well as its problems from the perspective of other regimes of international law, most notably international human rights law, are extensively analysed. Additionally, the book focuses on how the international drug control system attempts to reach the objective of confining drugs to medical and scientific purposes, i.e. by setting up a universal system that exercises a rigid control on drug supply. The consequences of this heavy focus on the reduction of drug supply are outlined, and the book concludes by making suggestions on how the international drug control system could be reformed in the near future in order to better meet the existing challenges. The analysis occurs from a general international law perspective. It aims to map the international drug control system within a wider context of international law and to understand whether the problems that the international drug control system faces are exemplary for the difficulties that institutionalized systems of global scope face in the twenty-first century.}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2017, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Humanitarian Assistance and the Security Council}, series = {Israel Law Review}, volume = {50}, journal = {Israel Law Review}, number = {1}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {0021-2237}, doi = {doi.org/10.1017/S0021223716000315}, pages = {3 -- 23}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Over the years, the Security Council has on several occasions dealt with humanitarian assistance issues. However, it is Security Council Resolution 2165(2014), related to the situation in Syria, that has brought the role of the Security Council to the forefront of the debate. It is against this background that the article discusses the legal issues arising from Security Council action facilitating humanitarian assistance to be delivered in situations of non-international armed conflict. Following a brief survey of relevant practice of the Security Council related to humanitarian assistance, the article considers the relevance, if any, of Article 2(7) of the Charter of the United Nations (UN) to humanitarian assistance to be delivered in such situations. It then moves on to analyse whether a rejection by the territorial state of humanitarian aid to be delivered by third parties may amount to a situation under Article 39 of the UN Charter. It then considers in detail whether (at least implicitly) Resolution 2165 has been adopted under Chapter VII and, if this is not the case, whether it can be still considered to be legally binding. The article finally considers what impact the adoption of Security Council Resolution 2165 might have on the interpretation of otherwise applicable rules of international humanitarian law and, in particular, the right of third parties to provide humanitarian assistance in a situation of a non-international armed conflict in spite of the absence of consent by the territorial state, and the obligations that members of the Security Council, permanent and non-permanent, have under Common Article 1 of the Geneva Conventions when faced with a draft resolution providing for the delivery of humanitarian assistance, notwithstanding the absence of consent by the territorial state.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Zimmermann2015, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Article 8bis: Crime of Aggression}, series = {The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court}, edition = {3. Aufl.}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, pages = {580 -- 618}, year = {2015}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2015, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: Developing International Law Without Solving the Conflict}, series = {Archiv des V{\"o}lkerrechts}, volume = {53}, journal = {Archiv des V{\"o}lkerrechts}, number = {2}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, doi = {10.1628/000389215X14412717564749}, pages = {149 -- 166}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The article analyses whether the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has served as a catalyst for the development of international law, as well as whether international law has been instrumental in attempting to find solutions for the said conflict. In several ways, this conflict has made a significant contribution to understanding and interpreting the UN Charter. It also brought along important developments about the role of third parties, both under the Geneva Conventions and under the law of state responsibility, which provides for an obligation of not recognizing as legal, or not rendering aid or assistance to situations caused by serious violations of jus cogens. International judicial institutions (and also domestic ones) play a rather limited role in this respect, due both to a lack of courage to address fundamental questions, and/or a disregard of the outcome of the proceedings by at least one of the parties to the conflict. Other reasons are Israel's reluctance of accepting the jurisdiction of either the ICJ or the ICC, and its view on the non-applicability of human rights treaties outside of its territory, as well as Palestine's uncertain status in the international community limiting its access to international courts. However, the ICJ's 2004 (formally non-binding) advisory opinion on the Israeli Wall provided answers to some of the most fundamental questions related to the conflict, unfortunately without having any immediate impact on the situation on the ground. Given Palestine's accession to the Rome Statute in early 2015, time has yet to show which role in the process will be played by the ICC. Other issues arising from the conflict, and examined by this article, are that of (Palestinian) statehood, going beyond the traditional concept of statehood and including the consequences of the jus cogens-character of the right of self-determination, as well as questions of treaty succession and succession in matters of State responsibility with regard to acts committed by the PLO.}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2012, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Amending the amendment provisions of the rome statute the kampala compromise on the crime of aggression and the law of treaties}, series = {Journal of international criminal justice}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of international criminal justice}, number = {1}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1478-1387}, doi = {10.1093/jicj/mqs002}, pages = {209 -- 227}, year = {2012}, abstract = {The adoption, in Kampala in June 2010, of amendments to the Rome Statute on the crime of aggression was hailed as a historic milestone in the development of the international Criminal Court (ICC). However, the manner in which these amendments are supposed to enter into force runs the risk of undermining the rules of the international law of treaties, as well as the legality and acceptability of the Kampala compromise itself The author examines the relevant amendment procedures provided for in the ICC Statute and the compatibility with them of the amendment procedure chosen in Kampala and ultimately warns of the legal consequences which may follow from the Review Conference's somewhat-Alexandrian solution.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Zimmermann2016, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Article 5: Crimes within the Jurisdiction of the Court}, series = {The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ; a commentary}, booktitle = {The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ; a commentary}, edition = {3. Aufl.}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-64854-0}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {111 -- 126}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @incollection{Zimmermann2021, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Would the world be a better place if one were to adopt a European approach to state immunity?}, series = {Remedies against immunity?}, volume = {297}, booktitle = {Remedies against immunity?}, editor = {Volpe, Valentina and Peters, Anne and Battini, Stefano}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-62303-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_12}, pages = {219 -- 233}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This chapter argues not only that there is no European Sonderweg (or 'special way') when it comes to the law of state immunity but that there ought not to be one. Debates within The Hague Conference on Private International Law in the late 1990s and those leading to the adoption of the 2002 UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States, as well as the development of the EU Brussels Regulation on Jurisdiction and Enforcement, as amended in 2015, all demonstrate that state immunity was not meant to be limited by such treaties but 'safeguarded'. Likewise, there is no proof that regional European customary law limits state immunity when it comes to ius cogens violations, as Italy and (partly) Greece are the only European states denying state immunity in such cases while the European Court of Human Rights has, time and again, upheld a broad concept of state immunity. It therefore seems unlikely that in the foreseeable future a specific European customary law norm on state immunity will develop, especially given the lack of participation in such practice by those states most concerned by the matter, including Germany. This chapter considers the possible legal implications of the jurisprudence of the Italian Constitutional Court for European military operations (if such operations went beyond peacekeeping). These implications would mainly depend on the question of attribution: if one where to assume that acts undertaken within the framework of military operations led by the EU were to be, at least also, attributable to the troop-contributing member states, the respective troop-contributing state would be entitled to enjoy state immunity exactly to the same degree as in any kind of unilateral military operations. Additionally, some possible perspectives beyond Sentenza 238/2014 are examined, in particular concerning the redress awarded by domestic courts 'as long as' neither the German nor the international system grant equivalent protection to the victims of serious violations of international humanitarian law committed during World War II. In the author's opinion, strengthening the jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals, bringing interstate cases for damages before the International Court of Justice, as well as providing for claims commissions where individual compensation might be sought for violations of international humanitarian law would be more useful and appropriate mechanisms than denying state immunity.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Zimmermann2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {The International Criminal Court's decision on jurisdiction concerning Palestine and the future of the ICC}, series = {Strafrecht und Systemunrecht : Festschrift f{\"u}r Gerhard Werle zum 70. Geburtstag}, booktitle = {Strafrecht und Systemunrecht : Festschrift f{\"u}r Gerhard Werle zum 70. Geburtstag}, editor = {Jeßberger, Florian and Burghardt, Boris and Vormbaum, Moritz}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, isbn = {978-3-16-161046-2}, doi = {10.1628/978-3-16-161046-2}, pages = {451 -- 460}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{Zimmermann2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Article 15bis. Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (State referral, proprio motu)}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {Fourth}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-77926-8}, doi = {10.17104/9783406779268-899}, pages = {899 -- 926}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{Zimmermann2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Article 5 Crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {Fourth}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-74384-9}, pages = {107 -- 116}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{Zimmermann2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Article 124 Transitional provision}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {Fourth}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-77926-8}, pages = {2905 -- 2914}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2010, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {International law scholarship in times of dictatorship and democracy : exemplified by life and work of Wilhelm Wengler}, isbn = {978-0-521-19252-1}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2011, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Article 33, para. 2}, isbn = {978-0-19-954251-2}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2011, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Article 1 F}, isbn = {978-0-19-954251-2}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2011, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {The obligation to prevent genocide: towards a general responsibility to protect?}, isbn = {978-0-19-958881-7}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2012, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Amending the amendment provisions of the rome statute : the kampala compromise on the crime of aggression and the law of treaties}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2012, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {State sucession in other matters than treaties}, isbn = {978-0-19-929168-7}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2012, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {State sucession in treaties}, isbn = {978-0-19-929168-7}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2012, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Continuity of states}, isbn = {978-0-19-929168-7}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2013, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Bringing Kosovo within the reach of the european convention on human rights : disentangling the convention and the status-issue}, isbn = {978-3-16-152628-2}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2013, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {The international court of justice and state succession to treaties: avoiding principled answers to questions of principle}, isbn = {978-0-19-965321-8}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2012, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {International courts and tribunals, intervention in proceedings}, isbn = {978-0-19-929168-7}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2013, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {The security council and the obligation to prevent genocide and war crimes}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{Zimmermann2013, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Palestine and the international criminal court quo vadis? - reach and limits of declarations under article 12(3)}, series = {Journal of international criminal justice}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of international criminal justice}, number = {2}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1478-1387}, doi = {10.1093/jicj/mqt014}, pages = {303 -- 329}, year = {2013}, abstract = {In 2009, 'Palestine' lodged a declaration recognizing the jurisdiction of the ICC under Article 12(3). However, in April 2012, the OTP determined that this declaration had not brought about the result, of providing for the ICC's jurisdiction, pending clarification from the political organs of the UN concerning the legal status of Palestine within the organization. On 29 November 2012, the General Assembly granted Palestine the status of a non-member observer state within the UN framework, thereby fulfilling the condition mentioned by the OTP in April 2012. It is against this background that the article considers the current legal effects of the 2009 Palestinian declaration. In particular, it addresses the issue of whether the declaration, when read in conjunction with the 29 November 2012 decision, possesses retroactive effect, i.e. whether it provides, as claimed, for the Court's temporal jurisdiction from 1 July 2002 onwards or rather starting only from 29 November 2012. ... the current status granted to Palestine by the United Nations General Assembly is that of 'observer', not as a 'Non-member State'. ... [T]his... informs the current legal status of Palestine for the interpretation and application of article 12 [Rome Statute]. ... The Office could in the future consider allegations of crimes committed in Palestine, should competent organs of the United Nations... resolve the legal issue relevant to an assessment of article 12. ... International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor, 'Situation in Palestine', 3 April 2012}, language = {en} } @article{ZimmermannBoos2018, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Boos, Felix}, title = {Bringing States to Justice for Crimes against Humanity}, series = {Journal of international criminal justice}, volume = {16}, journal = {Journal of international criminal justice}, number = {4}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1478-1387}, doi = {10.1093/jicj/mqy053}, pages = {835 -- 855}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Draft Article 15 of the International Law Commission's project on crimes against humanity — dealing with the settlement of disputes arising from a proposed convention — attempts to strike a balance between state autonomy and robust judicial supervision. It largely follows Article 22 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, which renders the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) conditional upon prior negotiations. Hence, the substance of the clause can be interpreted in light of the recent case law of the ICJ, especially in the case Georgia v. Russia. In addition, this contribution discusses several issues regarding the scope ratione temporis of the compromissory clause. It advances several proposals to improve the current draft, addressing its relationship with state responsibility — an explicit reference to which is currently missing — as well as the relationship between the ICJ and a possible treaty body. It also proposes to recalibrate the interplay of the requirement of prior negotiations with, respectively, the possibility of seizing a future treaty body and the indication of provisional measures by the ICJ.}, language = {en} } @article{ZimmermannBaeumler2013, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and B{\"a}umler, Jelena}, title = {Navigating through narrow jurisdictional straits : the Philippines - PRC South China Sea Dispute and UNCLOS}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{ZimmermannDorschner2011, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Dorschner, Jonas}, title = {Article 22}, isbn = {978-0-19-954251-2}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannFreiburg2016, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Freiburg, Elisa}, title = {Article 15bis: Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (State referal, proprio motu)}, series = {The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ; a commentary}, booktitle = {The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ; a commentary}, editor = {Triffterer, Otto and Ambos, Kai}, edition = {3. Aufl}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-64854-0}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {741 -- 764}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannFreiburg2016, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Freiburg, Elisa}, title = {Article 8bis: Crime of aggression}, series = {The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ; a commentary}, booktitle = {The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court ; a commentary}, editor = {Triffterer, Otto and Ambos, Kai}, edition = {3. Aufl.}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-64854-0}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {580 -- 618}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannFreiburgBraun2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Freiburg-Braun, Elisa}, title = {Article 15ter Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (Security Council referral)}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {Fourth}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-77926-8}, doi = {10.17104/9783406779268-927}, pages = {927 -- 932}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannFreiburgBraun2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Freiburg-Braun, Elisa}, title = {Article 8bis Crime of aggression}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {Fourth}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-77926-8}, doi = {10.17104/9783406779268-686}, pages = {686 -- 726}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannGeiss2017, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Geiß, Robin}, title = {The International Committee of the Red Cross: A Unique Actor in the Field of International Humanitarian Law Creation and Progressive Development}, series = {Humanizing the Laws of War}, booktitle = {Humanizing the Laws of War}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-1-107-17135-0}, doi = {10.1017/9781316759967.009}, pages = {215 -- 255}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannGeiss2016, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Geiß, Robin}, title = {Article 8, VI, Article 8 para. 2 (f): scope of application of article 8 para. 2 (e)}, series = {The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-64854-0}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannGeiss2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Geiß, Robin}, title = {Article 8 Paras. 2(c)-(f) and 3: War crimes committed in an armed conflict not of an international character}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {4}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-74384-9}, pages = {837 -- 1048}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannGeiss2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Geiß, Robin}, title = {Article 8 Para. 2(b)(xvi): Pillage}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {Fourth edition}, publisher = {C.H. Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-74384-9}, pages = {539 -- 554}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannGeiss2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Geiß, Robin}, title = {Article 8 Para. 2(b)(x): Prohibition of physical mutilation}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {4}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-74384-9}, pages = {419 -- 436}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZimmermannGeiss2022, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Geiß, Robin}, title = {Article 8 Para. 2(b)(xiii): Prohibited destruction}, series = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, booktitle = {Rome statute of the International Criminal Court}, editor = {Ambos, Kai}, edition = {4}, publisher = {Beck}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-406-74384-9}, pages = {474 -- 503}, year = {2022}, language = {en} } @article{ZimmermannJauer2021, author = {Zimmermann, Andreas and Jauer, Nora}, title = {Legal shades of grey?}, series = {Archiv des V{\"o}lkerrechts}, volume = {59}, journal = {Archiv des V{\"o}lkerrechts}, number = {3}, publisher = {Mohr Siebeck}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, issn = {0003-892X}, doi = {10.1628/avr-2021-0016}, pages = {278 -- 299}, year = {2021}, abstract = {As part of the current process of de-formalization in international law, States increasingly chose informal, non-legally binding agreements or 'Memoranda of Understanding' ('MOUs') to organize their international affairs. The increasing conclusion of such legally non-binding instruments in addition to their flexibility, however, also leads to uncertainties in international relations. Against this background, this article deals with possible indirect legal consequences produced by MOUs. It discusses the different legal mechanisms and avenues that may give rise to such secondary legal effects of MOUs through a process of interaction with, and interpretation in line with, other (formal) sources of international law. The article further considers various strategies how to avoid such eventual possible unintended or unexpected indirect legal effects of MOUs when drafting such instruments and when dealing with them subsequent to their respective 'adoption'.}, language = {en} }