@misc{EngbertNuthmannRichteretal.2005, author = {Engbert, Ralf and Nuthmann, Antje and Richter, Eike M. and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {SWIFT: A Dynamical Model of Saccade Generation during Reading}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57145}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Mathematical models have become an important tool for understanding the control of eye movements during reading. Main goals of the development of the SWIFT model (Engbert, Longtin, \& Kliegl, 2002)were to investigate the possibility of spatially distributed processing and to implement a general mechanism for all types of eye movements we observe in reading experiments. Here, we present an advanced version of SWIFT which integrates properties of the oculomotor system and effects of word recognition to explain many of the experimental phenomena faced in reading research. We propose new procedures for the estimation of model parameters and for the test of the model's performance. A mathematical analysis of the dynamics of the SWIFT model is presented. Finally, within this framework, we present an analysis of the transition from parallel to serial processing.}, language = {en} } @article{EngbertNuthmannRichteretal.2005, author = {Engbert, Ralf and Nuthmann, Antje and Richter, Eike M. and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {SWIFT : A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading}, issn = {0033-295X}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Mathematical, models,have become an important tool for understanding the control of eye movements during reading. Main goals of the development of the SWIFT model (R. Engbert, A. Longtin, \& R. Kliegl, 2002) were to investigate the possibility of spatially distributed processing and to implement a general mechanism for all types of eye movements observed in reading experiments. The authors present an advanced version of SWIFT that integrates properties of the oculomotor system and effects of word recognition to explain many of the experimental phenomena faced in reading research. They propose new procedures for the estimation of model parameters and for the test of the model's performance. They also present a mathematical analysis of the dynamics of the SWIFT model. Finally, within this framework, they present an analysis of the transition from parallel to serial processing}, language = {en} } @article{FiedlerKlieglLindenbergeretal.2005, author = {Fiedler, K. and Kliegl, Reinhold and Lindenberger, Ulman and Mausfeld, Reinhold and Mumendy, A. and Prinz, Wolfgang}, title = {Psychologie im 21. Jahrhundert : eine Ortbestimmung}, issn = {1618-8519}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @misc{FiedlerKlieglLindenbergeretal.2005, author = {Fiedler, Klaus and Kliegl, Reinhold and Lindenberger, Ulman and Mausfeld, Rainer and Mummendey, Am{\´e}lie and Prinz, Wolfgang}, title = {Psychologie im 21. Jahrhundert: F{\"u}hrende deutsche Psychologen {\"u}ber Lage und Zukunft ihres Fachs und die Rolle der psychologischen Grundlagenforschung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57051}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{Kliegl2005, author = {Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {{\"U}ber rezeptive Ged{\"a}chtnisse}, isbn = {978-3-9522759-5-5}, year = {2005}, language = {de} } @article{KlieglEngbert2005, author = {Kliegl, Reinhold and Engbert, Ralf}, title = {Fixation durations before word skipping in reading}, issn = {1069-9384}, year = {2005}, abstract = {We resolve a controversy about reading fixations before word-skipping saccades which were reported as longer or shorter than control fixations in earlier studies. Our statistics are based on resampling of matched sets of fixations before skipped and nonskipped words, drawn from a database of 121,321 single fixations contributed by 230 readers of the Potsdam sentence corpus. Matched fixations originated from single-fixation forward-reading patterns and were equated for their positions within words. Fixations before skipped words were shorter before short or high-frequency words and longer before long or low-frequency words in comparison with control fixations. Reasons for inconsistencies in past research and implications for computational models are discussed}, language = {en} } @article{LaubrockEngbertKliegl2005, author = {Laubrock, Jochen and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Microsaccade dynamics during covert attention}, issn = {0042-6989}, year = {2005}, abstract = {We compared effects of covert spatial-attention shifts induced with exogenous or endogenous cues on microsaccade rate and direction. Separate and dissociated effects were obtained in rate and direction measures. Display changes caused microsaccade rate inhibition, followed by sustained rate enhancement. Effects on microsaccade direction were differentially tied to cue class (exogenous vs. endogenous) and type (neutral vs. directional). For endogenous cues, direction effects were weak and occurred late. Exogenous cues caused a fast direction bias towards the cue (i.e., early automatic triggering of saccade programs), followed by a shift in the opposite direction (i.e, controlled inhibition of cue-directed saccades, leading to a 'leakage' of microsaccades in the opposite direction). (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{LaubrockEngbertKliegl2005, author = {Laubrock, Jochen and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Microsaccade rate during (un)ambiguous apparent motion}, issn = {0301-0066}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{LiangMoshelZivotofskyetal.2005, author = {Liang, Jin-Rong and Moshel, Shay and Zivotofsky, Ari Z. and Caspi, Avi and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold and Havlin, Shlomo}, title = {Scaling of horizontal and vertical fixational eye movements}, issn = {1063-651X}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Eye movements during fixation of a stationary target prevent the adaptation of the visual system to continuous illumination and inhibit fading of the image. These random, involuntary, small movements are restricted at long time scales so as to keep the target at the center of the field of view. Here we use detrended fluctuation analysis in order to study the properties of fixational eye movements at different time scales. Results show different scaling behavior between horizontal and vertical movements. When the small ballistic movements, i.e., microsaccades, are removed, the scaling exponents in both planes become similar. Our findings suggest that microsaccades enhance the persistence at short time scales mostly in the horizontal component and much less in the vertical component. This difference may be due to the need for continuously moving the eyes in the horizontal plane, in order to match the stereoscopic image for different viewing distances}, language = {en} } @article{MayrKlieglKrampe2005, author = {Mayr, Ulrich and Kliegl, Reinhold and Krampe, Ralf-Thomas}, title = {Timing, sequencing and executive control in repetitive movement production}, issn = {0096-1523}, year = {2005}, abstract = {The authors demonstrate that the timing and sequencing of target durations require low-level timing and executive control. Sixteen young (M-age = 19 years) and 16 older (M-age = 70 years) adults participated in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, individual mean-variance functions for low-level timing (isochronous tapping) and the sequencing of multiple targets (rhythm production) revealed (a) a dissociation of low-level timing and sequencing in both age groups, (b) negligible age differences for low-level timing, and (c) large age differences for sequencing. Experiment 2 supported the distinction between low-level timing and executive functions: Selection against a dominant rhythm and switching between rhythms impaired performances in both age groups and induced pronounced perseveration of the dominant pattern in older adults.}, language = {en} } @article{MoshelLiangCaspietal.2005, author = {Moshel, Shay and Liang, Jin-Rong and Caspi, Avi and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold and Havlin, Shlomo and Zivotofsky, Ari Z.}, title = {Phase-synchronization decay of fixational eye movements}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{NuthmannEngbertKliegl2005, author = {Nuthmann, Antje and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Mislocated fixations during reading and the inverted optimal viewing position effect}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Refixation probability during reading is lowest near the word center, suggestive of an optimal viewing position (OVP). Counter-intuitively, fixation durations are largest at the OVP, a result called the inverted optimal viewing position (IOVP) effect [Vitu, McConkie, Kerr, \& O'Regan, (2001). Vision Research 41, 3513-3533]. Current models of eye-movement control in reading fail to reproduce the IOVP effect. We propose a simple mechanism for generating this effect based on error-correction of mislocated fixations due to saccadic errors, First, we propose an algorithm for estimating proportions of mislocated fixations from experimental data yielding a higher probability for mislocated fixations near word boundaries. Second, we assume that mislocated fixations trigger an immediate start of a new saccade program causing a decrease of associated durations. Thus, the IOVP effect could emerge as a result of a coupling between cognitive and oculomotor processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved}, language = {en} } @article{RolfsEngbertKliegl2005, author = {Rolfs, Martin and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Crossmodal coupling of oculomotor control and spatial attention in vision and audition}, issn = {0014-4819}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Fixational eye movements occur involuntarily during visual fixation of stationary scenes. The fastest components of these miniature eye movements are microsaccades, which can be observed about once per second. Recent studies demonstrated that microsaccades are linked to covert shifts of visual attention. Here, we generalized this finding in two ways. First, we used peripheral cues, rather than the centrally presented cues of earlier studies. Second, we spatially cued attention in vision and audition to visual and auditory targets. An analysis of microsaccade responses revealed an equivalent impact of visual and auditory cues on microsaccade-rate signature (i.e. an initial inhibition followed by an overshoot and a final return to the pre-cue baseline rate). With visual cues or visual targets, microsaccades were briefly aligned with cue direction and then opposite to cue direction during the overshoot epoch, probably as a result of an inhibition of an automatic saccade to the peripheral cue. With left auditory cues and auditory targets microsaccades oriented in cue direction. We argue that microsaccades can be used to study crossmodal integration of sensory information and to map the time course of saccade preparation during covert shifts of visual and auditory attention}, language = {en} } @misc{RolfsEngbertKliegl2005, author = {Rolfs, Martin and Engbert, Ralf and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Crossmodal coupling of oculomotor controland spatial attention in vision and audition}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56804}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Fixational eye movements occur involuntarily during visual fixation of stationary scenes. The fastest components of these miniature eye movements are microsaccades, which can be observed about once per second. Recent studies demonstrated that microsaccades are linked to covert shifts of visual attention [e.g., Engbert \& Kliegl (2003), Vision Res 43:1035-1045]. Here,we generalized this finding in two ways. First, we used peripheral cues, rather than the centrally presented cues of earlier studies. Second, we spatially cued attention in vision and audition to visual and auditory targets. An analysis of microsaccade responses revealed an equivalent impact of visual and auditory cues on microsaccade-rate signature (i.e., an initial inhibition followed by an overshoot and a final return to the pre-cue baseline rate). With visual cues or visual targets,microsaccades were briefly aligned with cue direction and then opposite to cue direction during the overshoot epoch, probably as a result of an inhibition of an automatic saccade to the peripheral cue. With left auditory cues and auditory targets microsaccades oriented in cue direction. Thus, microsaccades can be used to study crossmodal integration of sensory information and to map the time course of saccade preparation during covert shifts of visual and auditory attention.}, language = {en} }