@article{LazaridesGniewosz2024,
  author    = {Lazarides, Rebecca and Gniewosz, Burkhard},
  title     = {Modelling develpoment and change of motivational beliefs},
  series = {Motivation and emotion in learning and teaching across educational contexts : theoretical and methodological perspectives and empirical insights},
  journal   = {Motivation and emotion in learning and teaching across educational contexts : theoretical and methodological perspectives and empirical insights},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  address   = {New York},
  isbn      = {978-1-032-30109-9},
  doi       = {10.4324/9781003303473-15},
  pages     = {197 -- 212},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {This chapter provides an overview of methods to capture developments and changes in motivational beliefs. Motivational research has recently begun to venture beyond just examining average developmental trends in motivational variables by starting to investigate how developmental changes in motivational variables differ between and within individuals in different learning situations and across contexts. Although studies have started to uncover differences in motivational changes, a systematic overview of suitable methods for capturing motivational differences in developmental processes is still missing. In this chapter, we review key methods of change modelling, bringing together variable-centred approaches, such as growth modelling and true intraindividual change (TIC) models, and person-centred approaches, such as latent transition and growth mixture models. We illustrate the value of the reviewed statistical methods for the analysis of context-specific motivational changes by reviewing recent empirical studies that identify different patterns and trajectories of such motivational beliefs across time. Our focus is thereby on research grounded in situated expectancy-value theory as a core theory in motivational research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KobsEhlertLenkeitetal.2022,
  author    = {Kobs, Scarlett and Ehlert, Antje and Lenkeit, Jenny and Hartmann, Anne Therese and Sporer, Nadine and Knigge, Michel},
  title     = {The influence of individual and situational factors on teachers' justice ratings of classroom interactions},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Media},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.789110},
  pages     = {18},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Teachers, as role models, are crucial in promoting inclusion in society through their actions. Being perceived as fair by their students is linked to students' feelings of belonging in school. In addition, their decisions of resource allocations also affect students' academic success. Both aspects underpin the importance of teachers' views on justice. This article aims to investigate what teachers consider to be just and how teacher characteristics and situational factors affect justice ratings of hypothetical student-teacher-interactions. In an experimental design, we randomly varied the description of the interacting student in text vignettes regarding his/her special educational need (SEN) (situational factor). We also collected data on teachers' attitudes toward inclusion and experiences with persons with disabilities (individual factors). A sample of in-service teachers in Germany (N = 2,254) rated randomized versions of two text vignettes. To also consider the effect of professional status, a sample of pre-service teachers (N = 275) did the same. Linear mixed effect models point to a negative effect of the SEN on justice ratings, meaning situations in which the interacting student is described with a SEN were rated less just compared to the control condition. As the interacting student in the situations was treated worse than the rest, this was indicative for the application of the need principle. Teachers with more positive attitudes toward inclusion rated the vignettes as significantly less just. Professional status also had a negative effect on justice ratings, with in-service teachers rating the interactions significantly lower than the pre-service teachers. Our results suggest that the teachers applied the principle of need in their ratings. Implications for inclusive teaching practices and future research are discussed further.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LenkeitHartmannEhlertetal.2022,
  author    = {Lenkeit, Jenny and Hartmann, Anne and Ehlert, Antje and Knigge, Michel and Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine},
  title     = {Effects of special educational needs and socioeconomic status on academic achievement},
  series = {International Journal of Educational Research},
  volume    = {113},
  journal   = {International Journal of Educational Research},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0883-0355},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101957},
  pages     = {20},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Germany is continuously expanding its inclusive education system. Research provides evidence that students with special educational needs (SEN) in inclusive school settings show lower academic achievement and come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds than their peers without SEN. Identifying to what extent the disadvantages originating from both characteristics are confounded in predicting academic achievement, has been neglected in the German educational context. Using data of 1711 primary and secondary school students from a longitudinal study in the state of Brandenburg, this study evaluates to what degree SEN (in the areas of learning and emotional-social difficulties) and socioeconomic background (SES) are confounded in predicting academic initial achievement in reading and mathematics as well as their development over time. Using multilevel modelling techniques that nest three measurement points into students and students into classes, results identify SES and SEN as relevant predictors of achievement status and growth in both subjects. Only few and small mediation effects of SES were found, indicating that both SES and SEN remain independent risk factors for achievement. Understanding the origins of student disadvantage can help teachers to make better informed choices for designing support measures and aid policymakers' reasoning for resource allocations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Pauly2021,
  author    = {Pauly, Dennis Nikolas},
  title     = {The effect of noun capitalization when reading German and English},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-49803},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-498031},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {III, 200},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Das Promotionsprojekt hatte als Ziel, die Fragestellung zu beantworten, ob die strukturelle wortinitiale Substantivgroßschreibung, wie sie sich neben dem Deutschen sonst nur noch im Luxemburgischen finden l{\"a}sst, {\"u}ber eine Funktion verf{\"u}gt, die dem Leser einen Vorteil bringt. Die {\"u}bergeordnete Hypothese war, dass ein Vorteil dadurch erreicht wird, dass durch die parafoveale Wahrnehmung der Majuskel bereits eine syntaktische Kategorie, n{\"a}mlich der Kern einer Nominalgruppe, aktiviert wird. Durch diese Wahrnehmung aus dem Augenwinkel sollte das nachfolgende Substantiv schon vorverarbeitet werden k{\"o}nnen. Im Ergebnis sollte eine Erleichterung der Satzverarbeitung bewirkt werden, was sich letztlich in insgesamt schnelleren Lese- bzw. Fixationszeiten zeigen sollte. Die Struktur des Projekts beinhaltet drei Studien, die teilweise jeweils unterschiedliche Versuchspersonengruppen umfassten: Studie 1: - Studiendesign: Semantisches Priming mittels sogenannter Holzwegs{\"a}tze sollten die Funktionsweise der Substantivgroßschreibung f{\"u}r den Leser hervorbringen - Versuchspersonen: Deutsche L1-Sprecher lesen Deutsch Studie 2: - Studiendesign: gleiches Design wie Studie 1, allerdings auf Englisch - Versuchspersonengruppen: Studie 3: 1. Englische L1-Sprecher g{\"a}nzlich ohne Deutschkenntnisse, 2. englische L1-Sprecher, die regelm{\"a}ßig deutsche Texte lesen, 3. deutsche L1-Sprecher mit exzellenten Englischkenntnissen. - Studiendesign: Einfluss der Substantivfrequenz auf eine potentielle Vorverarbeitung mittels boundary paradigm; Untersuchungsprachen: Deutsch und Englisch - Versuchspersonengruppen: 1. Deutsche L1-Sprecher lesen Deutsch, 2. englische L1-Sprecher g{\"a}nzlich ohne Deutschkenntnisse lesen Englisch, 3. deutsche L1-Sprecher mit exzellenten Englischkenntnissen lesen Englisch. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse: Die Substantivgroßschreibung hat eindeutig einen Einfluss auf die Satzverarbeitung sowohl im Deutschen als auch im Englischen. Dass dieser einen substanziell entscheidenden Vorteil bringt, kann nicht best{\"a}tigt werden.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpoererHenkeBosse2021,
  author    = {Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine and Henke, Thorsten and Bosse, Stefanie},
  title     = {Is there a dark side of co-teaching?},
  series = {Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction},
  volume    = {71},
  journal   = {Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0959-4752},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.learninstruc.2020.101393},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HornFritzscheEhlertetal.2021,
  author    = {Horn, Peter and Fritzsche, Tom and Ehlert, Antje and Adani, Flavia},
  title     = {Tapping into the interplay of lexical and number knowledge using fast mapping},
  series = {Infant behavior \& development : an international and interdisciplinary journal},
  volume    = {64},
  journal   = {Infant behavior \& development : an international and interdisciplinary journal},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0163-6383},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101573},
  pages     = {11},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Language skills and mathematical competencies are argued to influence each other during development. While a relation between the development of vocabulary size and mathematical skills is already documented in the literature, this study further examines how children's ability to map a novel word to an unknown object as well as their ability to retain this word from memory may be related to their knowledge of number words. Twenty-five children were tested longitudinally (at 30 and at 36 months of age) using an eye-tracking-based fast mapping task, the Give-a Number task, and standardized measures of vocabulary. The results reveal that children's ability to create and retain a mental representation of a novel word was related to number knowledge at 30 months, but not at 36 months while vocabulary size correlated with number knowledge only at 36 months. These results show that even specific mapping processes are initially related to the acquisition of number words and they speak for a parallelism between the development of lexical and number-concept knowledge despite their semantic and syntactic differences.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{HessMousikouSchroeder2021,
  author    = {Heß, Stefan and Mousikou, Petroula and Schroeder, Sascha},
  title     = {Morphological processing in developmental handwriting production},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {0922-4777},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-58736},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-587363},
  pages     = {21},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this study, we investigated effects of morphological processing on handwriting production in beginning writers of German. Children from Grades 3 and 4 were asked to copy words from a computer screen onto a pen tablet, while we recorded their handwriting with high spatiotemporal resolution. Words involved a syllable-congruent visual disruption (e.g., "Golfer"), a morpheme-congruent visual disruption (e.g., "Golfer"), or had no disruption (e.g., "Golfer"). We analyzed productions in terms of Writing Onset Duration and Letter Duration at the onset of the second syllable ("f" in "Gol.fer") and the onset of the suffix ("e" in "Golf_er"). Results showed that durations were longer at word-writing onset only for words with a morpheme-congruent visual disruption. Also, letter durations were longer at the onset of the second syllable (i.e., "-fer") and shorter at the onset of the suffix (i.e., "-er") only for words with a syllable-congruent visual disruption. We interpret these findings within extant theories of handwriting production and offer an explanation for the observed effects before and during trajectory formation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HessMousikouSchroeder2021,
  author    = {Heß, Stefan and Mousikou, Petroula and Schroeder, Sascha},
  title     = {Morphological processing in developmental handwriting production},
  series = {Reading and writing: An interdisciplinary journal},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Reading and writing: An interdisciplinary journal},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {1573-0905},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11145-021-10204-y},
  pages     = {899 -- 917},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this study, we investigated effects of morphological processing on handwriting production in beginning writers of German. Children from Grades 3 and 4 were asked to copy words from a computer screen onto a pen tablet, while we recorded their handwriting with high spatiotemporal resolution. Words involved a syllable-congruent visual disruption (e.g., "Golfer"), a morpheme-congruent visual disruption (e.g., "Golfer"), or had no disruption (e.g., "Golfer"). We analyzed productions in terms of Writing Onset Duration and Letter Duration at the onset of the second syllable ("f" in "Gol.fer") and the onset of the suffix ("e" in "Golf_er"). Results showed that durations were longer at word-writing onset only for words with a morpheme-congruent visual disruption. Also, letter durations were longer at the onset of the second syllable (i.e., "-fer") and shorter at the onset of the suffix (i.e., "-er") only for words with a syllable-congruent visual disruption. We interpret these findings within extant theories of handwriting production and offer an explanation for the observed effects before and during trajectory formation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FitjarRonnebergNottbuschetal.2021,
  author    = {Fitjar, Camilla L. and R{\o}nneberg, Vibeke and Nottbusch, Guido and Torrance, Mark},
  title     = {Learning handwriting},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663829},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Skilled handwriting of single letters is associated not only with a neat final product but also with fluent pen-movement, characterized by a smooth pen-tip velocity profile. Our study explored fluency when writing single letters in children who were just beginning to learn to handwrite, and the extent to which this was predicted by the children's pen-control ability and by their letter knowledge. 176 Norwegian children formed letters by copying and from dictation (i.e., in response to hearing letter sounds). Performance on these tasks was assessed in terms of the counts of velocity inversions as the children produced sub-letter features that would be produced by competent handwriters as a single, smooth (ballistic) action. We found that there was considerable variation in these measures across writers, even when producing well-formed letters. Children also copied unfamiliar symbols, completed various pen-control tasks (drawing lines, circles, garlands, and figure eights), and tasks that assessed knowledge of letter sounds and shapes. After controlling for pen-control ability, pen-movement fluency was affected by letter knowledge (specifically children's performance on a task that required selecting graphemes on the basis of their sound). This was the case when children retrieved letter forms from dictated letter sounds, but also when directly copying letters and, unexpectedly, when copying unfamiliar symbols. These findings suggest that familiarity with a letter affects movement fluency during letter production but may also point towards a more general ability to process new letter-like symbols in children with good letter knowledge.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{PaulyNottbusch2020,
  author    = {Pauly, Dennis Nikolas and Nottbusch, Guido},
  title     = {The Influence of the German Capitalization Rules on Reading},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {622},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-46085},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-460857},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {German orthography systematically marks all nouns (even other nominalized word classes) by capitalizing their first letter. It is often claimed that readers benefit from the uppercase-letter syntactic and semantic information, which makes the processing of sentences easier (e.g., Bock et al., 1985, 1989). In order to test this hypothesis, we asked 54 German readers to read single sentences systematically manipulated by a target word (N). In the experimental condition (EXP), we used semantic priming (in the following example: sick → cold) in order to build up a strong expectation of a noun, which was actually an attribute for the following noun (N+1) (translated to English e.g., "The sick writer had a cold (N) nose (N+1) …"). The sentences in the control condition were built analogously, but word N was purposefully altered (keeping word length and frequency constant) to make its interpretation as a noun extremely unlikely (e.g., "The sick writer had a blue (N) nose (N+1) …"). In both conditions, the sentences were presented either following German standard orthography (Cap) or in lowercase spelling (NoCap). The capitalized nouns in the EXP/Cap condition should then prevent garden-path parsing, as capital letters can be recognized parafoveally. However, in the EXP/NoCap condition, we expected a garden-path effect on word N+1 affecting first-pass fixations and the number of regressions, as the reader realizes that word N is instead an adjective. As the control condition does not include a garden-path, we expected to find (small) effects of the violation of the orthographic rule in the CON/NoCap condition, but no garden-path effect. As a global result, it can be stated that reading sentences in which nouns are not marked by a majuscule slows a native German reader down significantly, but from an absolute point of view, the effect is small. Compared with other manipulations (e.g., transpositions or substitutions), a lowercase letter still represents the correct allograph in the correct position without affecting phonology. Furthermore, most German readers do have experience with other alphabetic writing systems that lack consistent noun capitalization, and in (private) digital communication lowercase nouns are quite common. Although our garden-path sentences did not show the desired effect, we found an indication of grammatical pre-processing enabled by the majuscule in the regularly spelled sentences: In the case of high noun frequency, we post hoc located parafovea-on-fovea effects, i.e., longer fixation durations, on the attributive adjective (word N). These benefits of capitalization could only be detected under specific circumstances. In other cases, we conclude that longer reading durations are mainly the result of disturbance in readers' habituation when the expected capitalization is missing.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpoererLenkeitBosseetal.2020,
  author    = {Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine and Lenkeit, Jenny and Bosse, Stefanie and Hartmann, Anne and Ehlert, Antje and Knigge, Michel},
  title     = {Students' perspective on inclusion},
  series = {International journal of educational research},
  volume    = {103},
  journal   = {International journal of educational research},
  publisher = {Elsevier Science},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0883-0355},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101641},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The goal of the present study was to analyze how students' attitudes towards inclusive education develop over the course of a school year and how these attitudes relate to students' peer relations. Sixth- and seventh-graders of 44 inclusive classes filled out a questionnaire at two measurement points within one school year to assess attitudes towards inclusive education and peer relations. Applying multilevel regression analyses it turned out that changes in peer relations over time were positively predicted by students' attitudes towards instructional adaptations for students with behaviour difficulties. Further, students with self-perceived behavior difficulties reported lower scores for peer relations compared to students without self-perceived difficulties. Results are discussed with respect to structural factors and individual characteristics affecting inclusive education.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EhmLonnemannBrandenburgetal.2019,
  author    = {Ehm, Jan-Henning and Lonnemann, Jan and Brandenburg, Janin and Huschka, Sina Simone and Hasselhorn, Marcus and Lervag, Arne},
  title     = {Exploring factors underlying children's acquisition and retrieval of sound sound-symbol association skills},
  series = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
  volume    = {177},
  journal   = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0022-0965},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jecp.2018.07.006},
  pages     = {86 -- 99},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Letter knowledge is considered an important cognitive foundation for learning to read. The underlying mechanisms of the association between letter knowledge and reading skills are, however, not fully understood. Acquiring letter knowledge depends on the ability to learn and retrieve sound-symbol pairings. In the current study, this process was explored by setting preschool children's (N = 242, mean age = 5.57 years) performance in the acquisition and retrieval of a paired associate learning (PAL) task in relation to their letter knowledge as well as to their performance in tasks assessing precursors of reading skills (i.e., phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, phonological short-term memory, backward recall, and response inhibition). Multiple regression analyses revealed that performance in the acquisition of the PAL task was significantly associated with phonological awareness and backward recall, whereas performance in the retrieval of the PAL task was significantly associated with rapid automatized naming, phonological awareness, and backward recall. Moreover, PAL proved to be mediating the relation between reading precursors and letter knowledge. Together, these findings indicate that the acquisition of letter knowledge may depend on a visual-verbal associative learning mechanism and that different factors contribute to the acquisition and retrieval of such visual-verbal associations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{LohseSixtusLonnemann2019,
  author    = {Lohse, Karoline and Sixtus, Elena and Lonnemann, Jan},
  title     = {Thinking about time and number},
  series = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary},
  volume    = {42},
  journal   = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0140-525X},
  doi       = {10.1017/S0140525X19000475},
  pages     = {2},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Based on the notion that time, space, and number are part of a generalized magnitude system, we assume that the dual-systems approach to temporal cognition also applies to numerical cognition. Referring to theoretical models of the development of numerical concepts, we propose that children's early skills in processing numbers can be described analogously to temporal updating and temporal reasoning.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MaluchKempert2019,
  author    = {Maluch, Jessica Tsimprea and Kempert, Sebastian Benjamin},
  title     = {Bilingual profiles and third language learning: the effects of the manner of learning, sequence of bilingual acquisition, and language use practices},
  series = {International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1367-0050},
  doi       = {10.1080/13670050.2017.1322036},
  pages     = {870 -- 882},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {This study investigates the effect of bilingualism on learning English as a foreign language (L3), examining the impact of manner and sequence of bilingual acquisition and learning as well as language use practices in language minority children. With a sample of 1295 German eighth and ninth graders (bilingual: n = 456, monolingual: n = 839), we examined if certain aspects of bilingualism present an advantageous condition for learning English as a foreign language in bilingual language minority students. Controlling for socio-economic status, indicators of cultural capital, and gender, the regression analyses revealed higher L3 listening and reading outcomes for bilinguals who received formal instruction in their minority language, had acquired both languages in their first three years, and switched more often between their two languages, when compared to their other bilingual and monolingual peers. The discussion focuses on the importance for bilingual children in immigrant communities to have high proficiencies in both majority and minority languages in order to develop advantages in foreign language learning.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Kuzle2018,
  author    = {Kuzle, Ana},
  title     = {Assessing metacognition of grade 2 and grade 4 students using an adaptation of multi-method interview approach during mathematics problem-solving},
  series = {Mathematics Education Research Journal},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {Mathematics Education Research Journal},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {1033-2170},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13394-017-0227-1},
  pages     = {185 -- 207},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The important role that metacognition plays as a predictor for student mathematical learning and for mathematical problem-solving, has been extensively documented. But only recently has attention turned to primary grades, and more research is needed at this level. The goals of this paper are threefold: (1) to present metacognitive framework during mathematics problem-solving, (2) to describe their multi-method interview approach developed to study student mathematical metacognition, and (3) to empirically evaluate the utility of their model and the adaptation of their approach in the context of grade 2 and grade 4 mathematics problem-solving. The results are discussed not only with regard to further development of the adapted multi-method interview approach, but also with regard to their theoretical and practical implications.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EdeleKempertSchotte2018,
  author    = {Edele, Aileen and Kempert, Sebastian Benjamin and Schotte, Kristin},
  title     = {Does competent bilingualism entail advantages for the third language learning of immigrant students?},
  series = {Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0959-4752},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.07.002},
  pages     = {232 -- 244},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This study examined the role of immigrant bilingualism in third language learning (L3 = English). It focused on the respective effects of students' competence in the minority language (L1 = Turkish or Russian) and language of instruction (L2 = German). We analyzed a sample of 8752 German 10th-grade students (N = 7964 monolinguals, N = 436 Turkish-German students, N = 352 Russian-German students) and drew on standardized tests in L1, L2, and L3. OLS-regression models showed L3 advantages for balanced bilinguals at a high level in both language groups compared to their average monolingual peers when third variables were controlled, while advantages in the L2 dominant bilinguals could only be observed in the Russian-German sample. Balanced bilinguals at a low level and L1 dominants attained lower L3 levels than monolinguals. However, comparisons with comparably high proficient monolinguals, as well as further analyses with the bilingual samples separately, revealed that only L2 competence - and not L1 competence - explained immigrant students' L3 proficiency. Our findings indicate that the advantages of immigrant bilinguals in L3 learning mainly depend on their competence in the language of instruction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoellingerSpoererLubbeetal.2018,
  author    = {V{\"o}llinger, Vanessa A. and Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine and Lubbe, Dirk and Brunstein, Joachim C.},
  title     = {A path analytic test of the reading strategies mediation model},
  series = {The Journal of Educational Research},
  volume    = {111},
  journal   = {The Journal of Educational Research},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {0022-0671},
  doi       = {10.1080/00220671.2017.1412930},
  pages     = {733 -- 745},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This study examined a theoretical model hypothesizing that reading strategies mediate the effects of intrinsic reading motivation, reading fluency, and vocabulary knowledge on reading comprehension. Using path analytic methods, we tested the direct and indirect effects specified in the hypothesized model in a sample of 1105 fifth-graders. In addition to standardized tests and questionnaires, we administered a performance test to assess students' proficiency in the application of three reading strategies. The overall fit of the model to the data was good. Both cognitive (fluency and vocabulary) and motivational (intrinsic reading motivation) variables had an indirect effect on reading comprehension through their influence on reading strategies. Reading strategies had a unique effect on reading comprehension and partially mediated the effects that cognitive and motivational variables had on fifth-graders' reading achievements.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LonnemannMuellerBuettneretal.2018,
  author    = {Lonnemann, Jan and M{\"u}ller, Christian and B{\"u}ttner, Gerhard and Hasselhorn, Marcus},
  title     = {The influence of visual-spatial skills on the association between processing of nonsymbolic numerical magnitude and number word sequence skills},
  series = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
  volume    = {178},
  journal   = {Journal of experimental child psychology},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0022-0965},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jecp.2018.09.018},
  pages     = {184 -- 197},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Nonsymbolic numerical magnitude processing skills are assumed to be fundamental to mathematical learning. Recent findings suggest that visual-spatial skills account for associations between children's performance in visually presented nonsymbolic numerical magnitude comparison tasks and their performance in visually presented arithmetic tasks. The aim of the current study was to examine whether associations between children's performance in visually presented tasks assessing nonsymbolic numerical magnitude processing skills and their performance in tasks assessing early mathematical skills, which do not involve visual stimulation, may also be mediated by visual-spatial skills. This line of reasoning is based on the assumption that children make use of mental visualization processes when working on tasks assessing early mathematical skills, such as knowledge of the sequence of number words, even when these tasks do not involve visual stimulation. We assessed 4- to 6-year-old children's performance in a nonsymbolic numerical magnitude comparison task, in tasks concerning knowledge of the sequence of number words, and in a developmental test to assess visual-spatial skills. Children's nonsymbolic numerical magnitude processing skills were found to be associated with their number word sequence skills. This association was fully mediated by interindividual differences in visual-spatial skills. The effect size of this mediation effect was small. We assume that the ability to construct mental visualizations constitutes the key factor underlying this mediation effect.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuehlbauerSchroederSchoelzel2018,
  author    = {M{\"u}hlbauer, Felix and Schr{\"o}der, Lukas and Sch{\"o}lzel, Mario},
  title     = {Handling of transient and permanent faults in dynamically scheduled super-scalar processors},
  series = {Microelectronics reliability},
  volume    = {80},
  journal   = {Microelectronics reliability},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0026-2714},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.microrel.2017.11.021},
  pages     = {176 -- 183},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This article describes architectural extensions for a dynamically scheduled processor to enable three different operation modes, ranging from high-performance, to high-reliability. With minor extensions of the control path, the resources of the super-scalar data-path can be used either for high-performance execution, fail-safe-operation, or fault-tolerant-operation. Furthermore, the online error-correction capabilities are combined with reconfiguration techniques for permanent fault handling. This reconfiguration can take defective components out of operation permanently, and can be triggered on-demand during runtime, depending on the frequency of online corrected faults. A comprehensive fault simulation was carried out in order to evaluate hardware overhead, fault coverage and performance penalties of the proposed approach. Moreover, the impact of the permanent reconfiguration regarding the reliability and performance is investigated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KochSpoerer2017,
  author    = {Koch, Helvi and Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine},
  title     = {Students improve in reading comprehension by learning how to teach reading strategies},
  series = {Psychology Learning and Teaching},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Psychology Learning and Teaching},
  publisher = {Sage Publ.},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1475-7257},
  doi       = {10.1177/1475725717700525},
  pages     = {197 -- 211},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In this intervention study, we investigated how we could teach university students who were majoring in education to teach reading strategies. The goal of the study was to analyze whether and to what extent students would benefit from the intervention with respect to their own learning. Did their own reading skills improve after they attended the intervention? The sample consisted of n = 61 students who were assigned to one of two conditions: (a) an adaption of reciprocal teaching; and (b) a control group that was not taught how to teach reading strategies. The evidence-based teaching method used in the intervention condition consisted of three elements: modeling, scaffolding, and repeated practice. Training success was assessed in a pre-posttest control group design with standardized reading comprehension and reading speed tests. To compare the development of the students in the two conditions, repeated measures ANOVAs were used. At posttest, intervention students outperformed control students in reading comprehension as well as in reading speed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerzogEhlertFritz2017,
  author    = {Herzog, Moritz and Ehlert, Antje and Fritz, Annemarie},
  title     = {A Competency Model of Place Value Understanding in South African Primary School Pupils},
  series = {African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {1811-7295},
  doi       = {10.1080/18117295.2017.1279453},
  pages     = {37 -- 48},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Although the general development of mathematical abilities in primary school has been the focus of many researchers, the development of place value understanding has rarely been investigated to date. This is possibly due to the lack of conceptual approaches and empirical studies related to this topic. To fill this gap, a theory-driven and empirically validated model was developed that describes five sequential conceptual levels of place value understanding. The level sequence model gives us the ability to estimate general abilities and difficulties in primary school pupils in the development of a conceptual place value understanding. The level sequence model was tried and tested in Germany, and given that number words are very differently constructed in German and in the languages used in South African classrooms, this study aims to investigate whether this level sequence model can be transferred to South Africa. The findings based on the responses of 198 Grade 2-4 learners show that the English translation of the test items results in the same item level allocation as the original German test items, especially for the three basic levels. Educational implications are provided, in particular concrete suggestions on how place value might be taught according to the model and how to collect specific empirical data related to place value understanding.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchuenemannSpoererVoellingeretal.2017,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}nemann, Nina and Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine and Voellinger, Vanessa A. and Brunstein, Joachim Clemens},
  title     = {Peer feedback mediates the impact of self-regulation procedures on strategy use and reading comprehension in reciprocal teaching groups},
  series = {Instructional Science},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Instructional Science},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {0020-4277},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11251-017-9409-1},
  pages     = {395 -- 415},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The goal of this research was to highlight the role social regulatory processes play in making students' teamwork in reciprocal teaching (RT) groups (a classroom activity in which students take the teacher's role in small group reading sessions) effective. In addition to teamwork quality, we expected peer feedback to be a key factor in enhancing students' reading comprehension achievements. Because previous research (Sch{\"u}nemann et al. in Contemp Educ Psychol 38:289-305, 2013) has shown that procedures of self-regulated learning (SRL) augment the effects of RT methods, we further assumed that such procedures would promote the quality of students' collaborative efforts. In a cluster-randomized trial, students in 12 fifth-grade classes practiced a strategic approach to reading either in a RT condition or in a RT + SRL condition. In one of the 14 sessions, students' interactive behavior was videotaped. Strategy use and reading comprehension were assessed at pretest, posttest, and maintenance. Performance differences between conditions were reliable only at maintenance. A multilevel mediation analysis showed that relative to RT students, RT + SRL students were better able to provide their teammates with informative feedback and organize their group work in a task-focused manner. Only feedback quality mediated the sustainability of treatment effects on strategy use and reading comprehension. In essence, this research suggests that effective reading comprehension trainings should integrate explicit instruction and practice in reading strategies, SRL, and focus on supportive peer processes in small groups with extensive instruction and practice in peer feedback.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Kuzle2017,
  author    = {Kuzle, Ana},
  title     = {Delving into the Nature of Problem Solving Processes in a Dynamic Geometry Environment: Different Technological Effects on Cognitive Processing},
  series = {Technology, Knowledge and Learning},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Technology, Knowledge and Learning},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  issn      = {2211-1662},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10758-016-9284-x},
  pages     = {37 -- 64},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DeekenHaeuslerNordheimetal.2017,
  author    = {Deeken, Friederike and H{\"a}usler, Andreas and Nordheim, Johanna and Rapp, Michael Armin and Knoll, Nina and Rieckmann, Nina},
  title     = {Psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale in a sample of German dementia patients and their caregivers},
  series = {International psychogeriatrics},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {International psychogeriatrics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1041-6102},
  doi       = {10.1017/S1041610217001387},
  pages     = {39 -- 47},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in a sample of dementia patients and their spousal caregivers. Methods: We investigated the reliability and validity of the 14-item PSS in a sample of 80 couples, each including one spouse who had been diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia (mean age 75.55, SD = 5.85, 38.7\% female) and one spousal caregiver (mean age 73.06, SD = 6.75, 61.3\% female). We also examined the factor structure and sensitivity of the scale with regard to gender differences. Results: Exploratory factor analysis of the PSS revealed a two-factor solution for the scale; the first factor reflected general stress while the second factor consisted of items reflecting the perceived ability to cope with stressors. A confirmatory factor analysis verified that the data were a better fit for the two-factor model than a one-factor model. The two factors of the PSS showed good reliability for patients as well as for caregivers ranging between alpha = 0.73 and alpha = 0.82. Perceived stress was significantly positively correlated with depressive symptomatology in both caregivers and patients. Mean PSS scores did not significantly differ between male and female patients nor did they differ between male and female caregivers. Conclusion: The present data indicate that the PSS provides a reliable and valid measure of perceived stress in dementia patients and their caregivers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpoererSchuenemann2014,
  author    = {Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine and Schuenemann, Nina},
  title     = {competence: Analyzing effects on reading comprehension, reading strategy performance, and motivation for reading},
  series = {Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction},
  volume    = {33},
  journal   = {Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0959-4752},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.05.002},
  pages     = {147 -- 157},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {In this study, reciprocal teaching (RT) was combined with specific self-regulation procedures to promote the reading comprehension of fifth grade students. Twenty four classes with N = 534 students were assigned to RT plus strategy implementation procedures (RT +SIP), RT plus outcome regulation procedures (RT + ORP), RT plus strategy implementation and outcome regulation procedures (RT+ SRL), or RT without explicit instruction in self-regulation. At maintenance students assigned to the three self-regulation conditions outperformed RT students according to a standardized measure of reading comprehension. RT+ SIP and RT + SRL students outperformed RI as well as RI + ORP students using a measure of reading strategy performance. However, reading comprehension was only mediated by strategy performance under the RT + SRL condition. Among students assigned to the RI + ORP condition, an improvement in reading motivation between pretest and posttest and between posttest and maintenance was observed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchuenemannSpoererBrunstein2013,
  author    = {Sch{\"u}nemann, Nina and Sp{\"o}rer, Nadine and Brunstein, Joachim Clemens},
  title     = {Integrating self-regulation in whole-class reciprocal teaching - a moderator-mediator analysis of incremental effects on fifth graders' reading comprehension},
  series = {Contemporary educational psychology},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Contemporary educational psychology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {San Diego},
  issn      = {0361-476X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.cedpsych.2013.06.002},
  pages     = {289 -- 305},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {In this classroom intervention study, reciprocal teaching (RI) of reading strategies was combined with explicit instruction in self-regulated learning (SRL) to promote the reading comprehension of fifth-grade students (N = 306). Twelve intact classes were randomly assigned either to an RT + SRL condition or to an RI condition without explicit instruction in self-regulation. Three additional classes served as a no-treatment comparison group. Strategies instruction was delivered by trained assistants in conventional German language lessons. Students practiced the application of these strategies in small groups. Both at posttest and at maintenance (8 weeks after the intervention), students in the two intervention conditions (RT and RI + SRL) outperformed comparison students in measures of reading comprehension, strategy-related task performance, and self-efficacy for reading. Relative to RI students, students in the RI + SRL condition were better able to maintain training-induced performance gains over the follow-up interval. A moderated mediation analysis revealed that this difference in the sustainability of the two treatments was (a) mediated by the successful mastery of the learned strategies and (b) most evident among students with poor reading fluency skills.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GiestWiesemannvonReeken2008,
  author    = {Giest, Hartmut and Wiesemann, Jutta and von Reeken, Dietmar},
  title     = {Editorial},
  isbn      = {978- 3-7815-1609-0},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Giest2008,
  author    = {Giest, Hartmut},
  title     = {The Formation Experiment in the Age of Hypermedia and Distance Learning},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Giest2004,
  author    = {Giest, Hartmut},
  title     = {Qualifying for the future : hypermedia and internet in teacher training},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Giest2004,
  author    = {Giest, Hartmut},
  title     = {The formation experiment in the age of hypermedia and distance learning},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Searching for an adequate method to investigate human development (especially the development of theoretical thinking) Vygotsky and his collaborators developed the causal genetic method The basic idea of this method consists in the investigation of psychic functions and structures by their formation under controlled conditions'(for instance via a formation experiment in classroom). But is this method also applicable in instructional settings using modern communications media? This paper is an attempt to find. an answer to the question: By what means is the investigation of the formation of theoretical thinking realizable through the application of the causal-genetic method in instructional settings using hypermedia and distance learning? However, a closer examination of the question itself shows that there are three interrelated aspects, namely: the investigation and formation of theoretical thinking; distance learning using modern communications media; the causal-genetic method. It will be shown that in a formation experiment learning with a hyper-media- educational program, which is based on the theory of learning- activity,' students reach a new level of cognitive development which is characterized by the growing ability of complex and dialectical thinking},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GiestLompscher2003,
  author    = {Giest, Hartmut and Lompscher, Joachim},
  title     = {Formation of learning activity and theoretical thinking in science teaching},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GiestWalgenbach2002,
  author    = {Giest, Hartmut and Walgenbach, Wilhelm},
  title     = {System-learning - a new challenge to education : bridging special field to transdisciplinary learning.},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Giest2001,
  author    = {Giest, Hartmut},
  title     = {Instruction and learning in elementary school},
  isbn      = {87-7288-841-5},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{SchroederBoedekerEdelstein2000,
  author    = {Schr{\"o}der, Eberhard and B{\"o}deker, Katja and Edelstein, Wolfgang},
  title     = {The development of formal thought : a manual including measurement procedures and descriptive analyses},
  series = {Materialien aus der Bildungsforschung},
  volume    = {68},
  journal   = {Materialien aus der Bildungsforschung},
  publisher = {Max-Planck-Inst. f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {3-87985-080-1},
  pages     = {252 S.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{SchroederBoedekerEdelstein2000,
  author    = {Schr{\"o}der, Eberhard and B{\"o}deker, Katja and Edelstein, Wolfgang},
  title     = {The development of concrete thought : a manual including measurement procedures and descriptive analyses},
  series = {Materialien aus der Bildungsforschung},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Materialien aus der Bildungsforschung},
  publisher = {Max-Planck-Inst. f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {3-87985-079-8},
  pages     = {95 S.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{SchroederBoedekerEdelstein2000,
  author    = {Schr{\"o}der, Eberhard and B{\"o}deker, Katja and Edelstein, Wolfgang},
  title     = {The development of syllogistic reasoning : a manual including measurement procedures and descriptive analyses},
  series = {Materialien aus der Bildungsforschung},
  volume    = {69},
  journal   = {Materialien aus der Bildungsforschung},
  publisher = {Max-Planck-Inst. f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {3-87985-081-X},
  pages     = {118 S.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{SchroederBoedekerEdelstein2000,
  author    = {Schr{\"o}der, Eberhard and B{\"o}deker, Katja and Edelstein, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Proportional, combinatorial, and correlational reasoning : a manual including measurement procedures and descriptive analyses},
  series = {Materialien aus der Bildungsforschung},
  volume    = {70},
  journal   = {Materialien aus der Bildungsforschung},
  publisher = {Max-Planck-Inst. f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {3-87985-082-8},
  pages     = {173 S.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KaiserRogers1995,
  author    = {Kaiser, Gabriele and Rogers, Patricia},
  title     = {Introduction : equity in mathematics education},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Kaiser1995,
  author    = {Kaiser, Gabriele},
  title     = {Results from a comparative empirical study in England and Germany on the learning of mathematics in context},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AissenCrewett1995,
  author    = {Aissen-Crewett, Meike},
  title     = {Using art to express unspeakable anxiety : children's art as a tool for intervention and therapy with sexually abused children},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-26951,
  title     = {Equity in mathematics education : influences of feminism and culture},
  editor    = {Rogers, Patricia and Kaiser, Gabriele},
  publisher = {Falmer Press},
  address   = {Basingstoke},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KeitelKaiser1994,
  author    = {Keitel, Christine and Kaiser, Gabriele},
  title     = {Assessing mathematics in Europe : the Federal Republic of Germany},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KaiserRogers1994,
  author    = {Kaiser, Gabriele and Rogers, Patricia},
  title     = {Gender and mathematics education},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}