@article{MeiserEsser2017, author = {Meiser, Susanne and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Interpersonal Stress Generation-A Girl Problem?}, series = {Journal of early adolescence}, volume = {39}, journal = {Journal of early adolescence}, number = {1}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {0272-4316}, doi = {10.1177/0272431617725197}, pages = {41 -- 66}, year = {2017}, abstract = {To provide further insight into stress generation patterns in boys and girls around puberty, this study investigated longitudinal reciprocal relations between depressive symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes, and stress generation, the process by which individuals contribute to the occurrence of stress in interpersonal contexts (e.g., problematic social interactions) or in noninterpersonal contexts (e.g., achievement problems). A community sample of N = 924 German children and early adolescents (51.8\% male) completed depressive symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes measures at T1 and again 20 months later (T2). Stressful life events were reported at T2. Dysfunctional attitudes were unrelated to stress generation. Interpersonal, but not noninterpersonal, dependent stress partially mediated the relationship between initial and later depressive symptoms, with girls being more likely to generate interpersonal stress in response to depressive symptoms. Findings underscore the role of interpersonal stress generation in the early development of depressive symptomatology, and in the gender difference in depression prevalence emerging around puberty.}, language = {en} } @article{MatuschekKliegl2017, author = {Matuschek, Hannes and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {On the ambiguity of interaction and nonlinear main effects in a regime of dependent covariates}, series = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {50}, journal = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1554-351X}, doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0956-9}, pages = {1882 -- 1894}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The analysis of large experimental datasets frequently reveals significant interactions that are difficult to interpret within the theoretical framework guiding the research. Some of these interactions actually arise from the presence of unspecified nonlinear main effects and statistically dependent covariates in the statistical model. Importantly, such nonlinear main effects may be compatible (or, at least, not incompatible) with the current theoretical framework. In the present literature, this issue has only been studied in terms of correlated (linearly dependent) covariates. Here we generalize to nonlinear main effects (i.e., main effects of arbitrary shape) and dependent covariates. We propose a novel nonparametric method to test for ambiguous interactions where present parametric methods fail. We illustrate the method with a set of simulations and with reanalyses (a) of effects of parental education on their children's educational expectations and (b) of effects of word properties on fixation locations during reading of natural sentences, specifically of effects of length and morphological complexity of the word to be fixated next. The resolution of such ambiguities facilitates theoretical progress.}, language = {en} } @article{JapBorleffsMaassen2017, author = {Jap, Bernard A. J. and Borleffs, Elisabeth and Maassen, Ben A. M.}, title = {Towards identifying dyslexia in Standard Indonesian: the development of a reading assessment battery}, series = {Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal}, volume = {30}, journal = {Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0922-4777}, doi = {10.1007/s11145-017-9748-y}, pages = {1729 -- 1751}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{RuzanskaWarschburger2017, author = {Ruzanska, Ulrike Alexandra and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 in a community sample}, series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, volume = {117}, journal = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {London}, issn = {0195-6663}, doi = {10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.018}, pages = {126 -- 134}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{BondueSahyaziciKnaakEsser2017, author = {Bond{\"u}, Rebecca and Sahyazici-Knaak, Fidan and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Long-Term Associations of Justice Sensitivity, Rejection Sensitivity, and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01446}, pages = {14}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Depressive symptoms have been related to anxious rejection sensitivity, but little is known about relations with angry rejection sensitivity and justice sensitivity. We measured rejection sensitivity, justice sensitivity, and depressive symptoms in 1,665 9-to-21-year olds at two points of measurement. Participants with high T1 levels of depressive symptoms reported higher anxious and angry rejection sensitivity and higher justice sensitivity than controls at T1 and T2. T1 rejection, but not justice sensitivity predicted T2 depressive symptoms; high victim justice sensitivity, however, added to the stabilization of depressive symptoms. T1 depressive symptoms positively predicted T2 anxious and angry rejection and victim justice sensitivity. Hence, sensitivity toward negative social cues may be cause and consequence of depressive symptoms and requires consideration in cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression.}, language = {en} } @article{Stober2017, author = {Stober, Sebastian}, title = {Toward Studying Music Cognition with Information Retrieval Techniques: Lessons Learned from the OpenMIIR Initiative}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01255}, pages = {17}, year = {2017}, abstract = {As an emerging sub-field of music information retrieval (MIR), music imagery information retrieval (MIIR) aims to retrieve information from brain activity recorded during music cognition-such as listening to or imagining music pieces. This is a highly interdisciplinary endeavor that requires expertise in MIR as well as cognitive neuroscience and psychology. The OpenMIIR initiative strives to foster collaborations between these fields to advance the state of the art in MIIR. As a first step, electroencephalography (EEG) recordings ofmusic perception and imagination have beenmade publicly available, enabling MIR researchers to easily test and adapt their existing approaches for music analysis like fingerprinting, beat tracking or tempo estimation on this new kind of data. This paper reports on first results of MIIR experiments using these OpenMIIR datasets and points out how these findings could drive new research in cognitive neuroscience.}, language = {en} } @article{ZhouShuMilleretal.2017, author = {Zhou, Wei and Shu, Hua and Miller, Kevin and Yan, Ming}, title = {Reliance on orthography and phonology in reading of Chinese}, series = {Journal of research in reading : a journal of the United Kingdom Reading Association}, volume = {41}, journal = {Journal of research in reading : a journal of the United Kingdom Reading Association}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0141-0423}, doi = {10.1111/1467-9817.12111}, pages = {370 -- 391}, year = {2017}, abstract = {BackgroundDisruptions of reading processes due to text substitutions can measure how readers use lexical information. MethodsWith eye-movement recording, children and adults viewed sentences with either identical, orthographically similar, homophonic or unrelated substitutions of the first characters in target words. To the extent that readers rely on orthographic or phonological cues, substitutions that contain such cues should cause less disruption reading than do unrelated substitutions. ResultsOn pretarget words, there was a reliable reduction in gaze duration due to homophonic substitution only for children. On target words, we observed reliable recovery effects due to orthographic similarity for adults. On post-target words, adults had better orthographic-based and phonological-based recovery abilities than children. ConclusionsThe combination of eye movement recording and the error detection paradigm offers a novel implicit paradigm for studying reading development: during sentence reading, beginning readers of Chinese may rely on phonological mediation, while skilled readers have more direct access to semantics from orthography.}, language = {en} } @article{McLoughlinPalmerMakeigetal.2017, author = {McLoughlin, Grainne and Palmer, Jason and Makeig, Scott and Bigdely-Shamlo, Nima and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred and Brandeis, D.}, title = {EEG Source Imaging Indices of Cognitive Control Show Associations with Dopamine System Genes}, series = {Brain Topography}, volume = {31}, journal = {Brain Topography}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0896-0267}, doi = {10.1007/s10548-017-0601-z}, pages = {392 -- 406}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Cognitive or executive control is a critical mental ability, an important marker of mental illness, and among the most heritable of neurocognitive traits. Two candidate genes, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and DRD4, which both have a roles in the regulation of cortical dopamine, have been consistently associated with cognitive control. Here, we predicted that individuals with the COMT Met/Met allele would show improved response execution and inhibition as indexed by event-related potentials in a Go/NoGo task, while individuals with the DRD4 7-repeat allele would show impaired brain activity. We used independent component analysis (ICA) to separate brain source processes contributing to high-density EEG scalp signals recorded during the task. As expected, individuals with the DRD4 7-repeat polymorphism had reduced parietal P3 source and scalp responses to response (Go) compared to those without the 7-repeat. Contrary to our expectation, the COMT homozygous Met allele was associated with a smaller frontal P3 source and scalp response to response-inhibition (NoGo) stimuli, suggesting that while more dopamine in frontal cortical areas has advantages in some tasks, it may also compromise response inhibition function. An interaction effect emerged for P3 source responses to Go stimuli. These were reduced in those with both the 7-repeat DRD4 allele and either the COMT Val/Val or the Met/Met homozygous polymorphisms but not in those with the heterozygous Val/Met polymorphism. This epistatic interaction between DRD4 and COMT replicates findings that too little or too much dopamine impairs cognitive control. The anatomic and functional separated maximally independent cortical EEG sources proved more informative than scalp channel measures for genetic studies of brain function and thus better elucidate the complex mechanisms in psychiatric illness.}, language = {en} } @article{WyschkonSchulzGallitetal.2017, author = {Wyschkon, Anne and Schulz, Franziska and Gallit, Finja Sunnyi and Poltz, Nadine and Kohn-Henkel, Juliane and Moraske, Svenja and Bondue, Rebecca and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {5-Jahres-Verlauf der LRS}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, volume = {46}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {Bern}, issn = {1422-4917}, doi = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000535}, pages = {107 -- 122}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Fragestellung: Untersucht wird der Verlauf von Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rungen (LRS) {\"u}ber gut 5 Jahre unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Einflusses des Geschlechts der Betroffenen. Außerdem werden Auswirkungen der LRS auf das sp{\"a}tere Schriftsprachniveau und den Schulerfolg {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Methodik: Eingangs wurden 995 Sch{\"u}ler zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 43 sowie 63 Monaten nachuntersucht worden. Eine LRS wurde diagnostiziert, wenn f{\"u}r das Lesen bzw. Rechtschreiben das doppelte Diskrepanzkriterium von 1.5 Standardabweichungen zur nonverbalen Intelligenz und dem Mittelwert der Klassenstufe erf{\"u}llt war und gleichzeitig keine Minderbegabung vorlag. Ergebnisse: Die LRS weist {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 63 Monaten eine hohe St{\"o}rungspersistenz von knapp 70 \% auf. Der 5-Jahres-Verlauf der mittleren Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen wurde nicht vom Geschlecht beeinflusst. Trotz durchschnittlicher Intelligenz blieben die LRS-Sch{\"u}ler in der Schriftsprache mindestens eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und etwa 0.5 Standardabweichungseinheiten hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kindern zur{\"u}ck. Der Schulerfolg der LRS-Sch{\"u}ler glich dem unterdurchschnittlich intelligenter Kinder und fiel deutlich schlechter aus als bei durchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine LRS stellt ein erhebliches Entwicklungsrisiko dar, was fr{\"u}hzeitige Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen erfordert. Daf{\"u}r sind reliable und im Hinblick auf die resultierenden Pr{\"a}valenzraten sinnvolle, allgemein anerkannte Diagnosekriterien essenziell.}, language = {de} } @article{HohmZohselSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Hohm, Erika and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Beeintr{\"a}chtigter Start ins Leben}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000234}, pages = {210 -- 220}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Postpartale Depressionen sind h{\"a}ufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ung{\"u}nstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die fr{\"u}he Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. {\"U}ber die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder M{\"u}tter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver M{\"u}tter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives m{\"u}tterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualit{\"a}t der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.}, language = {de} } @article{ZohselHohmSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Fr{\"u}hgeburtlichkeit auf kognitive Entwicklung und Schulerfolg}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000235}, pages = {221 -- 229}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen fr{\"u}her Responsivit{\"a}t der Mutter und kognitiver Entwicklung ihrer fr{\"u}h- bzw. reifgeborenen Kinder untersucht. Im Alter von drei Monaten wurde daf{\"u}r die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion mittels Verhaltensbeobachtung erfasst. Bei n=351 der teilnehmenden Kinder (101 fr{\"u}hgeboren) wurde die allgemeine Intelligenz (IQ) im Alter von 11 Jahren und bei n=313 (85 fr{\"u}hgeboren) zus{\"a}tzlich der h{\"o}chste erreichte Schulabschluss bis 25 Jahren erhoben. Fr{\"u}hgeborene wiesen mit 11 Jahren einen signifikant niedrigeren IQ als Reifgeborene auf, nachdem f{\"u}r m{\"o}gliche konfundierende Faktoren kontrolliert worden war. Nur bei Fr{\"u}h-, nicht aber bei Reifgeborenen zeigte sich ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen m{\"u}tterlicher Responsivit{\"a}t und IQ. F{\"u}r die Wahrscheinlichkeit einen h{\"o}heren Schulabschluss (mind. Fachabitur) zu erreichen, fand sich weder ein signifikanter Effekt von Fr{\"u}hgeburtlichkeit noch von m{\"u}tterlicher Responsivit{\"a}t.}, language = {de} } @article{TorranceNottbuschAlvesetal.2017, author = {Torrance, Mark and Nottbusch, Guido and Alves, Rui A. and Arfe, Barbara and Chanquoy, Lucile and Chukharev-Hudilainen, Evgeny and Dimakos, Ioannis and Fidalgo, Raquel and Hyona, Jukka and Johannesson, Omar I. and Madjarov, George and Pauly, Dennis Nikolas and Uppstad, Per Henning and van Waes, Luuk and Vernon, Michael and Wengelin, Asa}, title = {Timed written picture naming in 14 European languages}, series = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {50}, journal = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1554-351X}, doi = {10.3758/s13428-017-0902-x}, pages = {744 -- 758}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We describe the Multilanguage Written Picture Naming Dataset. This gives trial-level data and time and agreement norms for written naming of the 260 pictures of everyday objects that compose the colorized Snodgrass and Vanderwart picture set (Rossion \& Pourtois in Perception, 33, 217-236, 2004). Adult participants gave keyboarded responses in their first language under controlled experimental conditions (N = 1,274, with subsamples responding in Bulgarian, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish). We measured the time to initiate a response (RT) and interkeypress intervals, and calculated measures of name and spelling agreement. There was a tendency across all languages for quicker RTs to pictures with higher familiarity, image agreement, and name frequency, and with higher name agreement. Effects of spelling agreement and effects on output rates after writing onset were present in some, but not all, languages. Written naming therefore shows name retrieval effects that are similar to those found in speech, but our findings suggest the need for cross-language comparisons as we seek to understand the orthographic retrieval and/or assembly processes that are specific to written output.}, language = {en} } @article{BrandEkkekakis2017, author = {Brand, Ralf and Ekkekakis, Panteleimon}, title = {Affective-Reflective Theory of physical inactivity and exercise}, series = {German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research}, volume = {48}, journal = {German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {2509-3142}, doi = {10.1007/s12662-017-0477-9}, pages = {48 -- 58}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This article introduces a new theory, the Affective-Reflective Theory (ART) of physical inactivity and exercise. ART aims to explain and predict behavior in situations in which people either remain in a state of physical inactivity or initiate action (exercise). It is a dual-process model and assumes that exercise-related stimuli trigger automatic associations and a resulting automatic affective valuation of exercise (type-1 process). The automatic affective valuation forms the basis for the reflective evaluation (type-2 process), which can follow if self-control resources are available. The automatic affective valuation is connected with an action impulse, whereas the reflective evaluation can result in action plans. The two processes, in constant interaction, direct the individual towards or away from changing behavior. The ART of physical inactivity and exercise predicts that, when there is an affective-reflective discrepancy and self-control resources are low, behavior is more likely to be governed by the affective type-1 process. This introductory article explains the underlying concepts and main theoretical roots from which the ART of physical inactivity and exercise was developed (field theory, affective responses to exercise, automatic evaluation, evaluation-behavior link, dual-process theorizing). We also summarize the empirical tests that have been conducted to refine the theory in its present form.}, language = {en} } @article{SchwarzReike2017, author = {Schwarz, Wolfgang and Reike, Dennis}, title = {Regression away from the mean}, series = {British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology / British Psychological Society}, volume = {71}, journal = {British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology / British Psychological Society}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0007-1102}, doi = {10.1111/bmsp.12106}, pages = {186 -- 203}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Using a standard repeated measures model with arbitrary true score distribution and normal error variables, we present some fundamental closed-form results which explicitly indicate the conditions under which regression effects towards (RTM) and away from the mean are expected. Specifically, we show that for skewed and bimodal distributions many or even most cases will show a regression effect that is in expectation away from the mean, or that is not just towards but actually beyond the mean. We illustrate our results in quantitative detail with typical examples from experimental and biometric applications, which exhibit a clear regression away from the mean ('egression from the mean') signature. We aim not to repeal cautionary advice against potential RTM effects, but to present a balanced view of regression effects, based on a clear identification of the conditions governing the form that regression effects take in repeated measures designs.}, language = {en} } @article{WarschburgerGmeinerMorawietzetal.2017, author = {Warschburger, Petra and Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia and Morawietz, Marisa and Rinck, Mike}, title = {Battle of plates}, series = {Public health nutrition : PHN / The Nutrition Society}, volume = {21}, journal = {Public health nutrition : PHN / The Nutrition Society}, number = {2}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1368-9800}, doi = {10.1017/S1368980017002701}, pages = {426 -- 434}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: Approach-avoidance training (AAT) is a promising approach in obesity treatment. The present study examines whether an AAT is feasible and able to influence approach tendencies in children and adolescents, comparing implicit and explicit training approaches. Design/Setting/Subjects: Fifty-nine overweight children and adolescents (aged 8-16 years; twenty-six boys) participated in an AAT for food cues, learning to reject snack items and approach vegetable items. Reaction times in the AAT and an implicit association rest (IAT) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: A significant increase in the AAT compatibility scores with a large effect (eta(2) = 0.18) was found. No differences between the implicit and explicit training approaches and no change in the IAT scores were observed. Conclusions: Automatic tendencies in children can be trained, too. The implementation of AAT in the treatment of obesity might support the modification of an unhealthy nutrition behaviour pattern. Further data from randomized controlled clinical trials are needed.}, language = {en} } @article{HohmLauchtZohseletal.2017, author = {Hohm, Erika and Laucht, Manfred and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias}, title = {Resilienz und Ressourcen im Verlauf der Entwicklung}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000236}, pages = {230 -- 239}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen besch{\"a}ftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines famili{\"a}ren Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen k{\"o}nnen. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven fr{\"u}hen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese sch{\"u}tzen Risikokinder davor, eine ung{\"u}nstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ung{\"u}nstiger „Startbedingungen" positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen erm{\"o}glichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumst{\"a}nden (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverh{\"a}ltnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilit{\"a}t besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern.}, language = {de} } @article{HennigSchrammLinderkamp2017, author = {Hennig, Timo and Schramm, Satyam Antonio and Linderkamp, Friedrich}, title = {Cross-informant disagreement on behavioral symptoms in adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its impact on treatment effects}, series = {European Journal of Psychological Assessment}, volume = {34}, journal = {European Journal of Psychological Assessment}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1015-5759}, doi = {10.1027/1015-5759/a000446}, pages = {79 -- 86}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In assessing adolescent behavior difficulties, parents, teachers, and the adolescents themselves are key informants. However, substantial disagreement has been found between informants. Specifically, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to overestimate their competencies, also known as "positive (illusionary) bias." This study compared parent, teacher, and adolescent ratings of ADHD and other behavioral symptoms in a sample of 114 adolescents with ADHD. Further, the effect of cross-informant disagreement (CID) on treatment outcomes was investigated in a subsample of 54 adolescents who had undergone a training and coaching intervention. Overall, there was moderate agreement among informants. Parent and adolescent ratings were more strongly correlated with each other than with teacher ratings. The strongest discrepancy was found between teacher and adolescent ratings on prosocial behavior. This discrepancy explained 12\% of the variance in parent-rated ADHD symptom severity after the intervention. The treatment was less effective in participants with high teacher-adolescent disagreement on prosocial behavior (d = 0.41) than with low disagreement (d = 0.98). These findings suggest that professionals working with adolescents with ADHD should consider multiple sources of information before initiating treatment and pay attention to cross-informant disagreements because these may indicate a risk of diminished treatment effects.}, language = {en} } @misc{HohensteinMatuschekKliegl2017, author = {Hohenstein, Sven and Matuschek, Hannes and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Linked linear mixed models: A joint analysis of fixation locations and fixation durations in natural reading}, series = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {24}, journal = {Psychonomic bulletin \& review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1069-9384}, doi = {10.3758/s13423-016-1138-y}, pages = {637 -- 651}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The complexity of eye-movement control during reading allows measurement of many dependent variables, the most prominent ones being fixation durations and their locations in words. In current practice, either variable may serve as dependent variable or covariate for the other in linear mixed models (LMMs) featuring also psycholinguistic covariates of word recognition and sentence comprehension. Rather than analyzing fixation location and duration with separate LMMs, we propose linking the two according to their sequential dependency. Specifically, we include predicted fixation location (estimated in the first LMM from psycholinguistic covariates) and its associated residual fixation location as covariates in the second, fixation-duration LMM. This linked LMM affords a distinction between direct and indirect effects (mediated through fixation location) of psycholinguistic covariates on fixation durations. Results confirm the robustness of distributed processing in the perceptual span. They also offer a resolution of the paradox of the inverted optimal viewing position (IOVP) effect (i.e., longer fixation durations in the center than at the beginning and end of words) although the opposite (i.e., an OVP effect) is predicted from default assumptions of psycholinguistic processing efficiency: The IOVP effect in fixation durations is due to the residual fixation-location covariate, presumably driven primarily by saccadic error, and the OVP effect (at least the left part of it) is uncovered with the predicted fixation-location covariate, capturing the indirect effects of psycholinguistic covariates. We expect that linked LMMs will be useful for the analysis of other dynamically related multiple outcomes, a conundrum of most psychonomic research.}, language = {en} } @article{PanYanLaubrock2017, author = {Pan, Jinger and Yan, Ming and Laubrock, Jochen}, title = {Perceptual span in oral reading}, series = {Scientific Studies of Reading}, volume = {21}, journal = {Scientific Studies of Reading}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1088-8438}, doi = {10.1080/10888438.2017.1283694}, pages = {254 -- 263}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The present study explores the perceptual span, that is, the physical extent of the area from which useful visual information is obtained during a single fixation, during oral reading of Chinese sentences. Characters outside a window of legible text were replaced by visually similar characters. Results show that the influence of window size on the perceptual span was consistent across different fixation and oculomotor measures. To maintain normal reading behavior when reading aloud, it was necessary to have information provided from three characters to the right of the fixation. Together with findings from previous research, our findings suggest that the physical size of the perceptual span is smaller when reading aloud than in silent reading. This is in agreement with previous studies in English, suggesting that the mechanisms causing the reduced span in oral reading have a common base that generalizes across languages and writing systems.}, language = {en} } @misc{HohmZohselSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Hohm, Erika and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Beeintr{\"a}chtigter Start ins Leben}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {692}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43340}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433406}, pages = {37}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Postpartale Depressionen sind h{\"a}ufige und schwerwiegende psychische Erkrankungen mit ung{\"u}nstigem Einfluss auf die kindliche Entwicklung. Als Haupttransmissionsweg gilt die fr{\"u}he Mutter-Kind-Interaktion. {\"U}ber die langfristigen Auswirkungen auf die Kinder im Erwachsenenalter und die Rolle der Interaktion liegen kaum Ergebnisse vor. Im Rahmen der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie wurden postpartale Depressionen bis zwei Jahre nach der Geburt erfasst. Die kindliche Entwicklung wurde fortlaufend und die Mutter-Kind-Interaktion im Alter von 3 Monaten standardisiert erhoben. 28 Kinder postpartal depressiver und 107 Kinder gesunder M{\"u}tter konnten mit 25 Jahren untersucht werden. Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen der kognitiven und psychischen Entwicklung bei Kindern postpartal depressiver M{\"u}tter waren bis ins Erwachsenenalter nachweisbar. Responsives bzw. sensitives m{\"u}tterliches Verhalten wirkte der negativen Entwicklung entgegen. Dies betont die Bedeutung einer hohen Qualit{\"a}t der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Risikokindern.}, language = {de} } @article{ZhuSchluppTiedemann2017, author = {Zhu, Fangjun and Schlupp, Ingo and Tiedemann, Ralph}, title = {Allele-specific expression at the androgen receptor alpha gene in a hybrid unisexual fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa)}, series = {PLoS one}, volume = {12}, journal = {PLoS one}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0186411}, pages = {14}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The all-female Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is the result of a hybridization of the Atlantic molly (P. mexicana) and the sailfin molly (P. latipinna) approximately 120,000 years ago. As a gynogenetic species, P. formosa needs to copulate with heterospecific males including males from one of its bisexual ancestral species. However, the sperm only triggers embryo genesis of the diploid eggs. The genetic information of the sperm donor typically will not contribute to the next generation of P. formosa. Hence, P. formosa possesses generally one allele from each of its ancestral species at any genetic locus. This raises the question whether both ancestral alleles are equally expressed in P. formosa. Allele-specific expression (ASE) has been previously assessed in various organisms, e.g., human and fish, and ASE was found to be important in the context of phenotypic variability and disease. In this study, we utilized Real-Time PCR techniques to estimate ASE of the androgen receptor alpha (ara) gene in several distinct tissues of Amazon mollies. We found an allelic bias favoring the maternal ancestor (P. mexicana) allele in ovarian tissue. This allelic bias was not observed in the gill or the brain tissue. Sequencing of the promoter regions of both alleles revealed an association between an Indel in a known CpG island and differential expression. Future studies may reveal whether our observed cis-regulatory divergence is caused by an ovary-specific trans-regulatory element, preferentially activating the allele of the maternal ancestor.}, language = {en} } @article{FatfoutaZeiglerHillSchroederAbe2017, author = {Fatfouta, Ramzi and Zeigler-Hill, Virgil and Schr{\"o}der-Abe, Michela}, title = {I'm merciful, am I not?}, series = {Journal of research in personality}, volume = {70}, journal = {Journal of research in personality}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {0092-6566}, doi = {10.1016/j.jrp.2017.07.007}, pages = {166 -- 173}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Narcissists are said to be particularly unforgiving, yet previous research remains inconclusive. This is likely because most previous studies focused on narcissism as a unitary construct, thereby neglecting its multiple facets. The present study (N = 1101) thus aimed to clarify the nuanced associations between different facets of narcissism and forgiveness, the latter being assessed via self-report and non-self-report measures. The results of a structural equation model (SEM) showed that antagonistic aspects of narcissism were negatively correlated with explicit forgiveness. Importantly, agentic as well as communal aspects of narcissism were positively correlated with explicit forgiveness. Aspects of narcissistic personality were not correlated with implicit forgiveness. Results suggest that not all facets of narcissism are associated with an unforgiving stance.}, language = {en} } @misc{MorfSchurchKufeneretal.2017, author = {Morf, Carolyn C. and Schurch, Eva and Kufener, Albrecht and Siegrist, Philip and Vater, Aline and Back, Mitja and Mestel, Robert and Schr{\"o}der-Abe, Michela}, title = {Expanding the Nomological Net of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory: German Validation and Extension in a Clinical Inpatient Sample}, series = {Assessment}, volume = {24}, journal = {Assessment}, publisher = {Sage Publ.}, address = {Thousand Oaks}, issn = {1073-1911}, doi = {10.1177/1073191115627010}, pages = {419 -- 443}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{FatfoutaSchroederAbe2017, author = {Fatfouta, Ramzi and Schr{\"o}der-Abe, Michela}, title = {I can see clearly now}, series = {Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences}, volume = {105}, journal = {Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0191-8869}, doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.010}, pages = {280 -- 286}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Past research has revealed that narcissists lack forgiveness. However, little is known about factors that might either buffer or, more critically, enhance the link between narcissism and lack of forgiveness. To address this gap in the literature, the present studies focused on the moderating role of clarity of transgression-related motivations. In an original and a replication study (Ns = 509 and 532, respectively), participants rated their levels of narcissistic admiration and rivalry and recalled a personal episode in which someone had hurt them. Subsequently, participants reported on their lack of forgiveness toward their transgressor. Response speed to these ratings served as an indirect clarity measure, with faster responses indicating greater clarity. In both studies, narcissistic rivalry (but not admiration) was positively related to lack of forgiveness and this relationship was stronger among individuals who were clear about their transgression-related motivations. Results inform our understanding of socio-emotional factors that contribute to narcissists' lack of forgiveness following interpersonal hurt.}, language = {en} } @book{MetzRothe2017, author = {Metz, Anna-Marie and Rothe, Heinz-J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Screening psychischer Arbeitsbelastungen}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-12571-4}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {116}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Dieses Buch zeigt Methoden und Instrumente zur Erfassung und Bewertung von gesundheitsrelevanten Merkmalen von Arbeitssituationen. Damit bietet es die Grundlagen f{\"u}r die Ableitung von arbeitsgestalterischen Maßnahmen und personbezogebnen Interventionen, um eingetretene Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen nachhaltig zu beheben bzw. um diesen vorzubeugen. Die Gesundheitsberichte aller Krankenkassen weisen aus, dass die durch k{\"o}rperliche Belastungen und Arbeitsumweltbedingungen verursachten Erkrankungen von Erwerbst{\"a}tigen r{\"u}ckl{\"a}ufig sind. Zugleich ist eine Zunahme von durch vorwiegend psychische Belastungen verursachten Erkrankungen wie psychosomatische St{\"o}rungen, Depressionen oder Burnout zu verzeichnen. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden im vorliegenden Buch das methodische Vorgehen zur Datenerhebung, deren formale Auswertung sowie die aus den Ergebnissen ableitbaren Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r Maßnahmen diskutiert. Es richtet sich vor allem an jene Experten (Ingenieure, Betriebs{\"a}rzte, Arbeitspsychologen, Sicherheitsfachkr{\"a}fte) die in der betrieblichen Praxis mit der Durchf{\"u}hrung von Gef{\"a}hrdungsanalysen befasst sind.}, language = {de} } @article{vonAster2017, author = {von Aster, Michael G.}, title = {Dyskalkulie}, series = {Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Kinderheilkunde}, volume = {165}, journal = {Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Kinderheilkunde}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0026-9298}, doi = {10.1007/s00112-017-0289-x}, pages = {482 -- 489}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Hintergrund Ausgepr{\"a}gte Schwierigkeiten beim Erwerb der grundlegenden arithmetischen Fertigkeiten bei ansonsten durchschnittlichen Schulleistungen werden als Rechenst{\"o}rung oder Dyskalkulie bezeichnet. Davon betroffen sind etwa 5 \% der Grundsch{\"u}lerpopulation. Die Ursachen und die Symptome sind ebenso vielgestaltig wie die Methoden der differenziellen F{\"o}rderung und Therapie. Material und Methode Selektive Literaturrecherche zur Rechenst{\"o}rung aus verschiedenen mit dem Gegenstand befassten wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen. Ergebnisse Der Erwerb von F{\"a}higkeiten zur Zahlenverarbeitung und zum Rechnen wird als ein erfahrungsabh{\"a}ngiger neuroplastischer Reifungsprozess verstanden, der zu einem komplexen, spezialisierten neuronalen Netzwerk f{\"u}hrt und verschiedene kognitive Zahlenrepr{\"a}sentationen hervorbringt. Die Entwicklung dieser dom{\"a}nenspezifischen F{\"a}higkeiten ist abh{\"a}ngig von der Entwicklung dom{\"a}nen{\"u}bergreifender F{\"a}higkeiten, wie Aufmerksamkeit, Arbeitsged{\"a}chtnis, Sprache und visuell-r{\"a}umlichen F{\"a}higkeiten. St{\"o}rungen dieser Reifungsprozesse k{\"o}nnen in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien unterschiedliche Komponenten der Entwicklung dieses komplexen kognitiven Systems betreffen und sind daher im klinischen Erscheinungsbild vielgestaltig. Sonderp{\"a}dagogische, lerntherapeutische und ggf. medizinische Maßnahmen ben{\"o}tigen eine differenzielle Diagnostik und Indikationsstellung. Moderne computerbasierte Lernsoftware kann sowohl die schulische Didaktik als auch lerntherapeutische Vorgehensweisen unterst{\"u}tzen. Schlussfolgerung Fr{\"u}hzeitiges Erkennen sowie differenzielle und individualisierte F{\"o}rderung k{\"o}nnen die Gefahr des Auftretens sekund{\"a}rer emotionaler St{\"o}rungen mindern. Die Diagnostik und die Behandlung der Rechenst{\"o}rung sollten evidenzbasiert und leitlinienorientiert erfolgen sowie der Komplexit{\"a}t und Vielgestaltigkeit der Symptombildungen Rechnung tragen.}, language = {de} } @article{WeckKaufmannWitthoeft2017, author = {Weck, Florian and Kaufmann, Yvonne Marie and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael}, title = {Topics and techniques in clinical supervision in psychotherapy training}, series = {Cognitive Behaviour Therapist}, volume = {10}, journal = {Cognitive Behaviour Therapist}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1754-470X}, doi = {10.1017/S1754470X17000046}, pages = {17}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Clinical supervision is regarded as one of the most important components of psychotherapy training. In clinical practice, it has been found that the implementation of clinical supervision varies substantially and often differs from the recommendations made in the literature. The objective of the current study was to investigate the frequency of topics (e.g. ethical issues) and techniques (e.g. role play) in the clinical supervision of psychotherapy trainees in Germany. To this end, we considered supervisions in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy (PT). A total of 791 psychotherapy trainees (533 CBT and 242 PT) were asked via the internet to provide information about their current supervision sessions. We found that clinical supervision in psychotherapy training addressed topics that are central for the effective treatment of supervised patients (i.e. therapeutic interventions, therapeutic alliance, maintaining factors, and therapeutic goals). However, the most frequently used intervention in clinical supervision in psychotherapy training was case discussion. Rarely were techniques used that allowed the supervisor to give the supervisee feedback based on the supervisee's demonstrated competencies. For example, 46\% of the supervisors never used audiotapes or videotapes in the supervision. Differences between CBT and PT were rather small. Current practice regarding the techniques used in clinical supervision for psychotherapy trainees contradicts recommendations for active and feedback-oriented clinical supervision. Thus the potential of clinical supervision might not be fully used in clinical practice.}, language = {en} } @article{WiemersBekkeringLindemann2017, author = {Wiemers, Michael and Bekkering, Harold and Lindemann, Oliver}, title = {Two attributes of number meaning}, series = {Experimental Psychology}, volume = {64}, journal = {Experimental Psychology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1618-3169}, doi = {10.1027/1618-3169/a000366}, pages = {253 -- 261}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Many studies demonstrated interactions between number processing and either spatial codes (effects of spatial-numerical associations) or visual size-related codes (size-congruity effect). However, the interrelatedness of these two number couplings is still unclear. The present study examines the simultaneous occurrence of space- and size-numerical congruency effects and their interactions both within and across trials, in a magnitude judgment task physically small or large digits were presented left or right from screen center. The reaction times analysis revealed that space- and size-congruency effects coexisted in parallel and combined additively. Moreover, a selective sequential modulation of the two congruency effects was found. The size-congruency effect was reduced after size incongruent trials. The space-congruency effect, however, was only affected by the previous space congruency. The observed independence of spatial-numerical and within magnitude associations is interpreted as evidence that the two couplings reflect Different attributes of numerical meaning possibly related to orginality and cardinality.}, language = {en} } @article{MyachykovChapmanFischer2017, author = {Myachykov, Andriy and Chapman, Ashley J. and Fischer, Martin H.}, title = {Cross-representational interactions}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, pages = {7}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A crucial question facing cognitive science concerns the nature of conceptual representations as well as the constraints on the interactions between them. One specific question we address in this paper is what makes cross-representational interplay possible? We offer two distinct theoretical scenarios: according to the first scenario, co-activated knowledge representations interact with the help of an interface established between them via congruent activation in a mediating third-party general cognitive mechanism, e.g., attention. According to the second scenario, co-activated knowledge representations interact due to an overlap between their features, for example when they share a magnitude component. First, we make a case for cross representational interplay based on grounded and situated theories of cognition. Second, we discuss interface-based interactions between distinct (i.e., non-overlapping) knowledge representations. Third, we discuss how co-activated representations may share their architecture via partial overlap. Finally, we outline constraints regarding the flexibility of these proposed mechanisms.}, language = {en} } @article{HoffmannWarschburger2017, author = {Hoffmann, Svenja and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Weight, shape, and muscularity concerns in male and female adolescents}, series = {The international journal of eating disorders}, volume = {50}, journal = {The international journal of eating disorders}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0276-3478}, doi = {10.1002/eat.22635}, pages = {139 -- 147}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of age and weight status on adolescents' body dissatisfaction and its change over 20 months in a gender-comparing design. The influence of body image concern on eating concern was also investigated. Method: In a prospective study, 675 male and female adolescents aged 12-16 were assessed using self-report questionnaires on weight, shape, muscularity, and eating concerns. Height and weight measurements were taken by trained personnel. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Analyses of latent means revealed more pronounced weight/shape concern in females than males and more pronounced muscularity concern in males than females. Weight/shape concern increased in females over time, whereas muscularity concern remained stable in both genders. Baseline levels of weight/shape concern could be predicted by age and weight status in females and by weight status in males. The only predictor of change in weight/shape concern was weight status in males. Baseline levels of muscularity concern could be predicted by age in females and by weight status in males. Similar effects were found for changes in muscularity concern in both genders. Increases in weight/shape and muscularity concern were associated with more pronounced eating concern. Discussion: The results confirm gender differences in distinctive facets of body image concern and its prediction. The relevance of increase in body image concern in adolescents is underlined by its association with eating concern in both genders. Further explanatory variables for change in body dissatisfaction should be examined in future studies.}, language = {en} } @article{Muschalla2017, author = {Muschalla, Beate}, title = {Is it a Case of "Work-Anxiety" When Patients Report Bad Workplace Characteristics and Low Work Ability?}, series = {Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation}, volume = {27}, journal = {Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1053-0487}, doi = {10.1007/s10926-016-9637-2}, pages = {106 -- 114}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Aims Work-anxiety may produce overly negative views of the workplace that impair provider efforts to assess work ability from patient self-report. This study explores the empirical relationships between patient-reported workplace characteristics, work-anxiety, and subjective and objective work ability measures. Methods 125 patients in medical rehabilitation before vocational reintegration were interviewed concerning their vocational situation, and filled in a questionnaire on work-anxiety, subjective mental work ability and perceived workplace characteristics. Treating physicians gave independent socio-medical judgments concerning the patients' work ability and impairment, and need for supportive means for vocational reintegration. Results Patients with high work-anxiety reported more negative workplace characteristics. Low judgments of work ability were correlated with problematic workplace characteristics. When controlled for work-anxiety, subjective work ability remained related only with social workplace characteristics and with work achievement demands, but independent from situational or task characteristics. Sick leave duration and physicians' judgment of work ability were not significantly related to patient-reported workplace characteristics. Conclusions In socio-medical work ability assessments, patients with high work-anxiety may over-report negative workplace characteristics that can confound provider estimates of work ability. Assessing work-anxiety may be important to assess readiness for returning to work and initiating work-directed treatments.}, language = {en} } @article{FrodlJanowitzSchmaaletal.2017, author = {Frodl, Thomas and Janowitz, Deborah and Schmaal, Lianne and Tozzi, Leonardo and Dobrowolny, Henrik and Stein, Dan J. and Veltman, Dick J. and Wittfeld, Katharina and van Erp, Theo G. M. and Jahanshad, Neda and Block, Andrea and Hegenscheid, Katrin and Voelzke, Henry and Lagopoulos, Jim and Hatton, Sean N. and Hickie, Ian B. and Frey, Eva Maria and Carballedo, Angela and Brooks, Samantha J. and Vuletic, Daniella and Uhlmann, Anne and Veer, Ilya M. and Walter, Henrik and Schnell, Knut and Grotegerd, Dominik and Arolt, Volker and Kugel, Harald and Schramm, Elisabeth and Konrad, Carsten and Zurowski, Bartosz and Baune, Bernhard T. and van der Wee, Nic J. A. and van Tol, Marie-Jose and Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. and Thompson, Paul M. and Hibar, Derrek P. and Dannlowski, Udo and Grabe, Hans J.}, title = {Childhood adversity impacts on brain subcortical structures relevant to depression}, series = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {86}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0022-3956}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.11.010}, pages = {58 -- 65}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Childhood adversity plays an important role for development of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are differences in subcortical brain structures between patients with MDD and healthy controls, but the specific impact of childhood adversity on such structures in MDD remains unclear. Thus, aim of the present study was to investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with subcortical volumes and how it interacts with a diagnosis of MDD and sex. Within the ENIGMA-MDD network, nine university partner sites, which assessed childhood adversity and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with MDD and controls, took part in the current joint mega-analysis. In this largest effort world-wide to identify subcortical brain structure differences related to childhood adversity, 3036 participants were analyzed for subcortical brain volumes using FreeSurfer. A significant interaction was evident between childhood adversity, MDD diagnosis, sex, and region. Increased exposure to childhood adversity was associated with smaller caudate volumes in females independent of MDD. All subcategories of childhood adversity were negatively associated with caudate volumes in females - in particular emotional neglect and physical neglect (independently from age, ICV, imaging site and MDD diagnosis). There was no interaction effect between childhood adversity and MDD diagnosis on subcortical brain volumes. Childhood adversity is one of the contributors to brain structural abnormalities. It is associated with subcortical brain abnormalities that are relevant to psychiatric disorders such as depression. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.}, language = {en} } @article{NazirHrycykMoreauetal.2017, author = {Nazir, Tatjana A. and Hrycyk, Lianna and Moreau, Quentin and Frak, Victor and Cheylus, Anne and Ott, Laurent and Lindemann, Oliver and Fischer, Martin H. and Paulignan, Yves and Delevoye-Turrell, Yvonne}, title = {A simple technique to study embodied language processes}, series = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, volume = {49}, journal = {Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1554-351X}, doi = {10.3758/s13428-015-0696-7}, pages = {61 -- 73}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Research in cognitive neuroscience has shown that brain structures serving perceptual, emotional, and motor processes are also recruited during the understanding of language when it refers to emotion, perception, and action. However, the exact linguistic and extralinguistic conditions under which such language-induced activity in modality-specific cortex is triggered are not yet well understood. The purpose of this study is to introduce a simple experimental technique that allows for the online measure of language-induced activity in motor structures of the brain. This technique consists in the use of a grip force sensor that captures subtle grip force variations while participants listen to words and sentences. Since grip force reflects activity in motor brain structures, the continuous monitoring of force fluctuations provides a fine-grained estimation of motor activity across time. In other terms, this method allows for both localization of the source of language-induced activity to motor brain structures and high temporal resolution of the recorded data. To facilitate comparison of the data to be collected with this tool, we present two experiments that describe in detail the technical setup, the nature of the recorded data, and the analyses (including justification about the data filtering and artifact rejection) that we applied. We also discuss how the tool could be used in other domains of behavioral research.}, language = {en} } @article{ZohselHolzHohmetal.2017, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Holz, Nathalie E. and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Fewer self-reported depressive symptoms in young adults exposed to maternal depressed mood during pregnancy}, series = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, volume = {209}, journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0165-0327}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.059}, pages = {155 -- 162}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Depressed mood is prevalent during pregnancy, with accumulating evidence suggesting an impact on developmental outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of prenatal maternal depression regarding internalizing psychopathology in the offspring are as yet unclear. Results: In n=85 young adults exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood, no significantly higher risk for a diagnosis of depressive disorder was observed. However, they reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms. This association was especially pronounced when prenatal maternal depressed mood was present during the first trimester of pregnancy and when maternal mood was depressed pre- as well as postnatally. At an uncorrected level only, prenatal maternal depressed mood was associated with decreased amygdala volume. Limitations: Prenatal maternal depressed mood was not assessed during pregnancy, but shortly after childbirth. No diagnoses of maternal clinical depression during pregnancy were available. Conclusions: Self-reported depressive symptoms do not imply increased, but rather decreased symptom levels in young adults who were exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood. A long-term perspective may be important when considering consequences of prenatal risk factors.}, language = {en} } @article{PlenerZohselHohmetal.2017, author = {Plener, Paul L. and Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Banaschewski, T. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Lower cortisol level in response to a psychosocial stressor in young females with self-harm}, series = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, volume = {76}, journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0306-4530}, doi = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.009}, pages = {84 -- 87}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Self-harm is highly prevalent in adolescence, often serving an emotion regulation function. Social stressors such as bullying are associated with self-harm. The neurobiological background of the relationship between social stressors and self-harm needs to be further understood to inform prevention and therapy. Methods: Participants were members of an epidemiological cohort study. 130 female participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) at age 19. Of them, 21 reported a history of self-harm as assessed by the Youth Self Report. Psychiatric diagnoses were recorded. Results: Participants with a history of self-harm showed significantly lower blood cortisol levels throughout the TSST. Early psychosocial adversity did not significantly differ between groups with and without self-harm, with self-harming participants reporting more childhood adversities. Conclusion: These results add to the limited field of studies showing an altered HPA axis activity in females with self-harm. Future studies need to address the causal mechanisms behind this association.}, language = {en} } @article{ReikeSchwarz2017, author = {Reike, Dennis and Schwarz, Wolfgang}, title = {Exploring the origin of the number-size congruency effect}, series = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, volume = {79}, journal = {Attention, perception, \& psychophysics : AP\&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1943-3921}, doi = {10.3758/s13414-016-1267-4}, pages = {383 -- 388}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Physical size modulates the efficiency of digit comparison, depending on whether the relation of numerical magnitude and physical size is congruent or incongruent (Besner \& Coltheart, Neuropsychologia, 17, 467-472, 1979), the number-size congruency effect (NSCE). In addition, Henik and Tzelgov (Memory \& Cognition, 10, 389-395, 1982) first reported an NSCE for the reverse task of comparing the physical size of digits such that the numerical magnitude of digits modulated the time required to compare their physical sizes. Does the NSCE in physical comparisons simply reflect a number-mediated bias mechanism related to making decisions and selecting responses about the digit's sizes? Alternatively, or in addition, the NSCE might indicate a true increase in the ability to discriminate small and large font sizes when these sizes are congruent with the digit's symbolic numerical meaning, over and above response bias effects. We present a new research design that permits us to apply signal detection theory to a task that required observers to judge the physical size of digits. Our results clearly demonstrate that the NSCE cannot be reduced to mere response bias effects, and that genuine sensitivity gains for congruent number-size pairings contribute to the NSCE.}, language = {en} } @article{PanKongSongetal.2017, author = {Pan, Jinger and Kong, Yan and Song, Shuang and McBride, Catherine and Liu, Hongyun and Shu, Hua}, title = {Socioeconomic status, parent report of children's early language skills, and late literacy skills}, series = {Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal}, volume = {30}, journal = {Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {0922-4777}, doi = {10.1007/s11145-016-9682-4}, pages = {401 -- 416}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Previous research on the longitudinal prediction of literacy development has focused mainly on the relationship between early cognitive/language skills and late literacy skills. The present study aimed to test the reliability of a number of measures reported by parents as compared to measuring cognitive and language skills in predicting subsequent reading achievement. Two hundred sixty-two Chinese children were administered four cognitive and language skills over three years at the preliterate stage. Additional information on children's family socioeconomic status (SES), children's early language skills, familial reading performance and habits, and familial handedness based on the observations of parents was collected. Performance on these variables in relation to subsequent literacy skills at 11 years of age was examined. SES and children's early language skills significantly predicted subsequent literacy skills. Even with a number of cognitive and language skills statistically controlled, parental reports of children's early language skills still contributed to reading comprehension. Poor readers defined at 11 years of age had lagged behind in early language skills, as well as family reading performance and habits, as compared to typically developing readers. These findings suggest that SES and parental estimates of children's early language skills are useful for predicting children's subsequent reading achievement.}, language = {en} } @article{ZohselHohmSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Zohsel, Katrin and Hohm, Erika and Schmidt, Martin H. and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Long-Term Consequences of Early Psychosocial Risks}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, number = {4}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000233}, pages = {203 -- 209}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In einer prospektiven L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurden Auswirkungen fr{\"u}her psychosozialer Risiken bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter untersucht und dabei die Rolle von affektiver und behavioraler Dysregulation im Kindesalter als vermittelndem Faktor {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Drei Monate nach der Geburt wurde das Vorliegen von 11 psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren erfasst. Im Alter von 8 - 15 Jahren wurde dreimal das Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil (CBCL-DP) erhoben. Mit 25 Jahren wurde ein Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview durchgef{\"u}hrt und 309 der Teilnehmer f{\"u}llten den Young Adult Self-Report aus. Fr{\"u}he psychosoziale Risiken gingen mit einem erh{\"o}hten Risiko f{\"u}r das Vorliegen eines Substanzmissbrauchs im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie mit erh{\"o}htem externalisierendem und internalisierendem Problemverhalten einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen fr{\"u}hen psychosozialen Risiken und sp{\"a}terem externalisierendem bzw. internalisierendem Problemverhalten wurde durch das CBCL-DP vermittelt.}, language = {de} } @article{JessenFestmanBoxelletal.2017, author = {Jessen, Anna and Festman, Julia and Boxell, Oliver and Felser, Claudia}, title = {Native and non-native speakers' brain responses to filled indirect Object Gaps}, series = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, volume = {46}, journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0090-6905}, doi = {10.1007/s10936-017-9496-9}, pages = {1319 -- 1338}, year = {2017}, abstract = {We examined native and non-native English speakers' processing of indirect object wh-dependencies using a filled-gap paradigm while recording event-related potentials (ERPs). The non-native group was comprised of native German-speaking, proficient non-native speakers of English. Both participant groups showed evidence of linking fronted indirect objects to the subcategorizing verb when this was encountered, reflected in an N400 component. Evidence for continued filler activation beyond the verb was seen only in the non-native group, in the shape of a prolonged left-anterior negativity. Both participant groups showed sensitivity to filled indirect object gaps reflected in a P600 response, which was more pronounced and more globally distributed in our non-native group. Taken together, our results indicate that resolving indirect object dependencies is a two-step process in both native and non-native sentence comprehension, with greater processing cost incurred in non-native compared to native comprehension.}, language = {en} } @article{MeiserEsser2017, author = {Meiser, Susanne and Esser, G{\"u}nter}, title = {How dysfunctional are dysfunctional attitudes?}, series = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, volume = {41}, journal = {Cognitive Therapy and Research}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0147-5916}, doi = {10.1007/s10608-017-9842-0}, pages = {730 -- 744}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In order to clarify further the role of Beck's vulnerability-stress model in the early development of depression, this longitudinal study tested a threshold model of dysfunctional attitudes in children and adolescents. An initially asymptomatic sample of 889 youths aged 9-18 years completed measures of dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms. Twenty months later, participants reported stressful life events and current depressive symptoms. Results support a threshold view of cognitive vulnerability as only dysfunctional attitudes above a certain threshold significantly interacted with life events to predict depressive symptoms. Thus, findings suggest that dysfunctional attitudes must exceed a certain threshold to confer vulnerability to depressive symptomatology in youth. The term "dysfunctional" might therefore only apply to higher levels of the "dysfunctional attitudes" proposed by A. T. Beck. Results also indicate that studies using non-clinical samples may systematically underestimate the effect of dysfunctional attitudes when relying on conventional linear methods.}, language = {en} } @article{EsserSchmidt2017, author = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.}, title = {Die Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie}, series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, volume = {26}, journal = {Kindheit und Entwicklung}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0942-5403}, doi = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000232}, pages = {198 -- 202}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Die Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie untersucht die psychische Entwicklung und ihre St{\"o}rungen bei Kindern mit unterschiedlich ausgepr{\"a}gten Risiken mit dem Ziel, Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die Verbesserung der Pr{\"a}vention, Fr{\"u}herkennung und Fr{\"u}hbehandlung von psychischen St{\"o}rungen bei Kindern abzuleiten. Dazu begleitet sie eine Kohorte von anfangs 384 Kindern in ihrer Entwicklung von der Geburt bis zum Erwachsenenalter. Die Erhebungen fanden in regelm{\"a}ßigen Abst{\"a}nden statt, beginnend im Alter von 3 Monaten, mit 2 Jahren, 4;6, 8, 11, 15, 19, 22, 23 und 25 Jahren. Geplant ist eine weitere Erhebung mit ca. 30 Jahren.}, language = {de} } @article{Miklashevsky2017, author = {Miklashevsky, Alex A.}, title = {Perceptual experience norms for 506 Russian nouns}, series = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, volume = {47}, journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0090-6905}, doi = {10.1007/s10936-017-9548-1}, pages = {641 -- 661}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A number of new psycholinguistic variables has been proposed during the last years within embodied cognition framework: modality experience rating (i.e., relationship between words and images of a particular perceptive modality-visual, auditory, haptic etc.), manipulability (the necessity for an object to interact with human hands in order to perform its function), vertical spatial localization. However, it is not clear how these new variables are related to each other and to such traditional variables as imageability, AoA and word frequency. In this article, normative data on the modality (visual, auditory, haptic, olfactory, and gustatory) ratings, vertical spatial localization of the object, manipulability, imageability, age of acquisition, and subjective frequency for 506 Russian nouns are presented. Strongest correlations were observed between olfactory and gustatory modalities (.81), visual modality and imageability (.78), haptic modality and manipulability (.7). Other modalities also significantly correlate with imageability: olfactory (.35), gustatory (.24), and haptic (.67). Factor analysis divided variables into four groups where visual and haptic modality ratings were combined with imageability, manipulability and AoA (the first factor); word length, frequency and AoA formed the second factor; olfactory modality was united with gustatory (the third factor); spatial localization only is included in the fourth factor. Present norms of imageability and AoA are consistent with previous as correlation analysis has revealed. The complete database can be downloaded from supplementary material.}, language = {en} } @article{MuschallaJoebges2017, author = {Muschalla, Beate and J{\"o}bges, Michael}, title = {Prevalence and Characteristics of Work Anxiety in Medical Rehabilitation Patients}, series = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, volume = {99}, journal = {Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0003-9993}, doi = {10.1016/j.apmr.2017.06.017}, pages = {57 -- 64}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: To investigate frequency, type, and characteristics of work anxieties in patients with somatic illness. Design: Cross-sectional observation study. Setting: Neurology, orthopedic, and cardiology rehabilitation clinics. Participants: Patients (N=4610; age, 18-65y) with work anxieties. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Patients who scored high on at least 2 of 9 items in the work-anxiety screening questionnaire and who reported impairment were investigated with a differential diagnostic interview on work anxieties and with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview on non work-related common mental disorders. Patients also filled out a self-rating questionnaire on their subjective symptom load and sociodemographic data. Results: Approximately 20\% to 27\% of the investigated inpatients in somatic rehabilitation (altogether n=393) received a work-anxiety diagnosis. Patients with orthopedic illness report highest work anxiety and have previous longest sick leave (20.6wk in the past 12mo). Patients with orthopedic illness suffer from work-related adjustment disorder with anxiety, social anxieties, and workplace phobias, whereas patients with cardiac illness are more often affected by hypochondriac anxieties. Anxieties of insufficiency and worrying occur equally in all indications. Conclusions: About a quarter of patients in somatic rehabilitation are in need of additional diagnostic attention owing to work anxieties. Differential diagnostic of work anxiety is needed for initiating adequate therapeutic action. Somatic rehabilitation physicians should be aware of work anxieties in their patients, especially in patients with orthopedic illness with previous long-term sick leave. (c) 2017 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine}, language = {en} } @article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2017, author = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Hohm, Erika and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Child regulative temperament as a mediator of parenting in the development of depressive symptoms}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-017-1682-2}, pages = {631 -- 641}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Child temperament as well as parenting behaviors have been linked to adolescent depression. Beyond their main effects, the interplay between these factors is of interest. For example, in an interactive model, a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants to parenting has been suggested. However, so far, the differential susceptibility hypothesis has mostly been studied with a focus on externalizing disorders. On the other hand, parenting may shape the child's temperament and vice versa in a transactional process. In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 176 girls), we assessed emotional (easy-difficult) and regulative (self-control) temperament at ages 4.5, and 8 years, respectively, as well as parenting quality at age 4.5 years using the HOME inventory. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at age 11, measured by the Child Depression Inventory, including interaction terms between the temperament variable and parenting. We additionally tested whether parenting was mediated by child temperament. As previously reported, both self-control and parenting were longitudinally associated with preadolescent depressive symptoms. There were no interactive effects between temperament and parenting. However, the effects of parenting were partly mediated by self-control. Our data do not support a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants in the development of preadolescent depression. However, our results are in line with the assumption that parenting may shape young children's temperament, with positive parenting in the early childhood fostering the development of regulative temperament.}, language = {en} } @article{KoehlerEggertLorenzetal.2017, author = {K{\"o}hler, Kai and Eggert, Patrick and Lorenz, Sebastian and Herr, Kerstin and Willmund, Gerd and Zimmermann, Peter and Alliger-Horn, Christina}, title = {Effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in German Armed Forces Soldiers with post-traumatic stress disorder under routine inpatient care conditions}, series = {Military medicine : the official journal of AMSUS}, volume = {182}, journal = {Military medicine : the official journal of AMSUS}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0026-4075}, doi = {10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00307}, pages = {E1672 -- E1680}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the more commonly occurring mental disorders following potentially traumatizing events soldiers may encounter when deployed abroad. One of the first-line recommended treatment options is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The number of studies assessing the effectiveness of EMDR in German soldiers under routine conditions is currently almost nil. Methods: A retrospective, quasi-experimental effectiveness study on EMDR in an inpatient setting is presented using a prepost design. The study compares symptom reduction in soldiers (N = 78) with a wait-list (N = 18). Effect sizes of EMDR were measured for PTSD, symptoms of depression, and general mental health. Results: Effect size for EMDR treatment of PTSD was d = 0.77; 95\% confidence interval (CI): 0.51 to 1.36, for symptoms of depression d = 0.99; 95\% CI: 0.31 to 1.36, and for general psychiatric symptoms d = 0.53; 95\% CI: 0.17 to 1.21. The effects resulting from EMDR treatment were somewhat weaker than those reported in comparable studies in civilians. Conclusion: EMDR therapy is an effective treatment to reduce symptoms of PTSD and depression. However, in the military context it needs to be complemented by treatment options that specifically address further conditions perpetuating the disorders.}, language = {en} } @article{EsaulovaRealivonStockhausen2017, author = {Esaulova, Yulia and Reali, Chiara and von Stockhausen, Lisa}, title = {Prominence of gender cues in the assignment of thematic roles in German}, series = {Applied psycholinguistics : psychological and linguistic studies across languages and learners}, volume = {38}, journal = {Applied psycholinguistics : psychological and linguistic studies across languages and learners}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0142-7164}, doi = {10.1017/S014271641700008X}, pages = {1133 -- 1172}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Two eye-tracking experiments examined influences of grammatical and stereotypical gender cues on the assignment of thematic roles in German. Participants (N-1 = 32, N-2 = 40) read sentences with subject- and object-extracted relative clauses, where thematic agents and patients remained ambiguous until the end of the relative clause. The results reveal a linguistic gender bias: agent roles are assigned more easily to grammatically masculine than feminine role nouns and stereotypically neutral than female ones. The opposite pattern is observed in the assignment of patient roles for stereotypical but not grammatical gender. The findings are discussed within the framework of situation model theories as well as in constraint-based and similarity-based interference accounts, while gender is viewed as a dimension of prominence.}, language = {en} } @article{WeckNagelRichtbergetal.2017, author = {Weck, Florian and Nagel, Laura Carlotta and Richtberg, Samantha and Neng, Julia M. B.}, title = {Personality disorders in hypochondriasis}, series = {Journal of personality disorders}, volume = {31}, journal = {Journal of personality disorders}, publisher = {Guilford Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0885-579X}, pages = {567 -- 576}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Previous studies found high prevalence rates of personality disorders (PDs) in patients with hypochondriasis; however, assessment was often based only on questionnaires. In the current study, a sample of 68 patients with hypochondriasis was compared to 31 patients with panic disorder and to 94 healthy controls. Participants were investigated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders questionnaire (SCID-II questionnaire) and the SCID-II interview. Based on the cut-off scores of the SCID-II questionnaire, we found a prevalence rate of 45.6\% for PD in patients with hypochondriasis. In comparison to healthy controls, patients with hypochondriasis showed characteristics of paranoid, borderline, avoid ant, and-dependent PDs in the dimensional assessment significantly more often. However, no significant differences were found between the clinical samples. Based on the SCID-II interview, only 2.9\% of the patients with hypochondriasis fulfilled the criteria for a PD. These results suggest that PDs are not a specific characteristic of hypochondriasis.}, language = {en} } @misc{KuehneMeindersMohretal.2017, author = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Meinders, C. and Mohr, H. and Hafenbrack, K. and Kieseritzky, K. and Rosenberger, C. and Haerter, M. and Schulz-Kindermann, F. and Klinger, R. and Nestoriuc, A. Y.}, title = {Psychologische Interventionen zur Schmerzreduktion}, series = {Der Schmerz}, volume = {31}, journal = {Der Schmerz}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0932-433X}, doi = {10.1007/s00482-017-0223-0}, pages = {404 -- 404}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Der Leserbrief fokussiert in weiten Teilen auf das Gutachterwesen, weshalb wir ausschließlich auf die inhaltlichen Punkte im Zusammenhang mit unserer Arbeit eingehen. Untersucht wurden schmerzpsychologische Interventionen, wie beschrieben definiert als psychologische Interventionen, deren prim{\"a}res Ziel die Schmerzreduktion war. Die extrahierten Zielgr{\"o}ßen, wie Lebensqualit{\"a}t oder Depressivit{\"a}t, ergaben sich aus den in den Prim{\"a}rstudien untersuchten Hauptoutcomes und nicht aus der Suchstrategie. Zur Einsch{\"a}tzung der methodischen Qualit{\"a}t der Prim{\"a}rstudien konnte ein Kriterium des von Johannsen und Kollegen [2] gebildeten Scores nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden, da die eingeschlossenen Prim{\"a}rstudien keine metaanalytische Zusammenfassung erlaubten. Stellt man dies in Rechnung, bleibt die Vergleichbarkeit beider Werte erhalten. Die Evidenzsynthese erfolgte narrativ in Text- und Tabellenform, d. h. in Form einer strukturierten Zusammenfassung und Diskussion von Studien [1]. Um unsere Arbeit zu fokussieren, h{\"a}tten wir eine weitergehende Gegen{\"u}berstellung wie auch eine {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung von Zitaten und {\"U}bersetzungen selbstverst{\"a}ndlich vorgenommen, wenn wir den Hinweis dazu vor Publikation erhalten h{\"a}tten.}, language = {de} } @article{KongLinnikLawetal.2017, author = {Kong, Anthony Pak-Hin and Linnik, Anastasia and Law, Sam-Po and Shum, Waisa Wai-Man}, title = {Measuring discourse coherence in anomic aphasia using Rhetorical Structure Theory}, series = {International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology}, volume = {20}, journal = {International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1754-9507}, doi = {10.1080/17549507.2017.1293158}, pages = {406 -- 421}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Purpose: The existing body of work regarding discourse coherence in aphasia has provided mixed results, leaving the question of coherence being impaired or intact as a result of brain injury unanswered. In this study, discourse coherence in non-brain-damaged (NBD) speakers and speakers with anomic aphasia was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively. Method: Fifteen native speakers of Cantonese with anomic aphasia and 15 NBD participants produced 60 language samples. Elicitation tasks included story-telling induced by a picture series and a procedural description. The samples were annotated for discourse structure in the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) in order to analyse a number of structural parameters. After that 20 naive listeners rated coherence of each sample. Result: Disordered discourse was rated as significantly less coherent. The NBD group demonstrated a higher production fluency than the participants with aphasia and used a richer set of semantic relations to create discourse, particularly in the description of settings, expression of causality, and extent of elaboration. People with aphasia also tended to omit essential information content. Conclusion: Reduced essential information content, lower degree of elaboration, and a larger amount of structural disruptions may have contributed to the reduced overall discourse coherence in speakers with anomic aphasia.}, language = {en} } @article{WarnerLensingFay2017, author = {Warner, Greta J. and Lensing, Johanna Nele and Fay, Doris}, title = {Personal initiative}, series = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, volume = {52}, journal = {Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0193-3973}, doi = {10.1016/j.appdev.2017.06.004}, pages = {114 -- 125}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Although the effects of personal initiative (PI) on adults' performance and other favorable outcomes are well documented, research has only recently begun to study PI in childhood. This study aimed at examining the development of PI, its predictors, and its developmental effects from childhood to early adolescence. A total of 1,593 German children participated in a longitudinal study starting at Grades 2 to 4, with a second measurement wave two years later. Latent change score analyses revealed that 1) children differed significantly in their change scores of PI, that 2) executive functions and positive parenting predicted change scores in PI, and that 3) high initial levels and change scores in PI reduced the development of internalizing and externalizing problems and supported the development of prosocial behavior and academic competencies. These findings endorse the plasticity of PI and shed light on the active part of children in promoting their own development.}, language = {en} } @article{ArslanFelser2017, author = {Arslan, Seckin and Felser, Claudia}, title = {Comprehension of wh-questions in Turkish-German bilinguals with aphasia}, series = {Clinical linguistics \& phonetics}, volume = {32}, journal = {Clinical linguistics \& phonetics}, number = {7}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0269-9206}, doi = {10.1080/02699206.2017.1416493}, pages = {640 -- 660}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The aim of our study was to examine the extent to which linguistic approaches to sentence comprehension deficits in aphasia can account for differential impairment patterns in the comprehension of wh-questions in bilingual persons with aphasia (PWA). We investigated the comprehension of subject and object wh-questions in both Turkish, a wh-in-situ language, and German, a wh-fronting language, in two bilingual PWA using a sentence-to-picture matching task. Both PWA showed differential impairment patterns in their two languages. SK, an early bilingual PWA, had particular difficulty comprehending subject which-questions in Turkish but performed normal across all conditions in German. CT, a late bilingual PWA, performed more poorly for object which-questions in German than in all other conditions, whilst in Turkish his accuracy was at chance level across all conditions. We conclude that the observed patterns of selective cross-linguistic impairments cannot solely be attributed either to difficulty with wh-movement or to problems with the integration of discourse-level information. Instead our results suggest that differences between our PWA's individual bilingualism profiles (e.g. onset of bilingualism, premorbid language dominance) considerably affected the nature and extent of their impairments.}, language = {en} } @misc{Galetzka2017, author = {Galetzka, Cedric}, title = {Commentary on: Radesky, Jenny S.; Schumacher, Jayna ; Zuckerman, Barry: Mobile and interactive media use by young children: the good, the bad, and the unknown. - Pediatrics. - 135 (2015), 1, S. 1 - 3. - doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-2251}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00461}, pages = {3}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{WeckWitthoeft2017, author = {Weck, Florian and Witth{\"o}ft, Michael}, title = {Context effects in the evaluation of bodily symptoms}, series = {Journal of experimental psychopathology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychopathology}, publisher = {Sage Publishing}, address = {London}, issn = {2043-8087}, doi = {10.5127/jep.054216}, pages = {241 -- 251}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The illness-related evaluation of bodily symptoms is considered to be an important maintaining factor in somatoform disorders. However, little is known about context variables that could influence this evaluation process. In the current study, participants completed three versions of the Health Norms Sorting Task (HNST) and evaluated bodily symptoms in different contexts (i.e., different evaluation perspectives and time frames of evaluation). Additionally, the three HNST versions were presented in different orders. Bodily symptoms were evaluated more often as a sign of illness when a specific time frame (i.e., one week) was given. However, this context effect was only large when participants had previously evaluated symptoms existing without a concrete duration. Thus, previously completed symptom evaluations appear to represent an important frame of reference in terms of a cue that makes specific context variables salient. The results further suggested that these cueing effects might be less relevant for participants with elevated somatic symptom reports.}, language = {en} } @misc{HessWirtzAllroggenetal.2017, author = {Hess, Markus and Wirtz, Susanne and Allroggen, Marc and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Intervention und Therapie f{\"u}r T{\"a}ter und Opfer von Schulbullying}, series = {Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie : Ergebnisse aus Psychotherapie, Beratung und Psychiatrie}, volume = {66}, journal = {Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie : Ergebnisse aus Psychotherapie, Beratung und Psychiatrie}, number = {10}, publisher = {Vandenhoeck \& Ruprecht}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {0032-7034}, doi = {10.13109/prkk.2017.66.10.740}, pages = {740 -- 755}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Bullying ist eine Form wiederholten, aggressiven Verhaltens mit ernstzunehmenden Auswirkungen, unter denen T{\"a}ter und Opfer h{\"a}ufig lange nach Ende des Bullying-Geschehens leiden. Dennoch ist die Therapie von Bullying und den damit einhergehenden Folgen ein bisher in der Forschung vernachl{\"a}ssigtes Thema. Im Rahmen eines systematischen Literatur{\"u}berblicks wurde daher untersucht, welche Therapieformen zur Behandlung von Bullying und dessen Folgen bei Opfern und bei T{\"a}tern bereits angewendet wurden. Eine systematische Suche in nationalen und internationalen Datenbanken f{\"u}hrte zu 31 relevanten Publikationen, in denen 34 therapeutische Interventionen aus {\"u}ber 14 L{\"a}ndern beschrieben wurden. In zehn Therapiestudien mit kontrolliertem Design zeigte sich, dass Behandlungsangebote, die sich sowohl an die betroffenen Personen als auch an ihr soziales Umfeld richten, besonders effektiv in der Behandlung von Bullying-Folgen sind. Die restlichen 24 Behandlungsans{\"a}tze wurden keiner kontrollierten Evaluation unterzogen. Insgesamt zwei Drittel aller therapeutischen Interventionen wenden sich an die Gruppe der Opfer. Hier wird im Unterschied zur Behandlung von T{\"a}tern verst{\"a}rkt auf Gruppentherapien zur{\"u}ckgegriffen. Unter der Bandbreite an Ans{\"a}tzen ist die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie am h{\"a}ufigsten vertreten. Festzustellen bleibt ein Forschungsmangel an evidenzbasierten, gezielten Interventionen zur Behandlung von Bullying und dessen Folgen bei Opfern und T{\"a}tern. Unseres Wissens stellt diese Arbeit den ersten systematischen {\"U}berblick zu therapeutischen Interventionen bei Bullying f{\"u}r Kinder und Jugendliche dar.}, language = {de} } @article{WiemersBekkeringLindemann2017, author = {Wiemers, Michael and Bekkering, Harold and Lindemann, Oliver}, title = {Is more always up?}, series = {Journal of cognitive psychology}, volume = {29}, journal = {Journal of cognitive psychology}, number = {5}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {2044-5911}, doi = {10.1080/20445911.2017.1302451}, pages = {642 -- 652}, year = {2017}, abstract = {It has been argued that the association of numbers and vertical space plays a fundamental role for the understanding of numerical concepts. However, convincing evidence for an association of numbers and vertical bimanual responses is still lacking. The present study tests the vertical Spatio-Numerical-Association-of-Response-Codes (SNARC) effect in a number classification task by comparing anatomical hand-based and spatial associations. A mixed effects model of linear spatial-numerical associations revealed no evidence for a vertical but clear support for an anatomical SNARC effect. Only if the task requirements prevented participants from using a number-hand association due to frequently alternating hand-to-button assignments, numbers were associated with the vertical dimension. Taken together, the present findings question the importance of vertical associations for the conceptual understanding of numerical magnitude as hypothesised by some embodied approaches to number cognition and suggest a preference for ego-over geocentric reference frames for the mapping of numbers onto space.}, language = {en} } @misc{KuehneMaasWiesenthaletal.2017, author = {K{\"u}hne, Franziska and Maas, Jana and Wiesenthal, Sophia and Weck, Florian}, title = {Supervision in der Verhaltenstherapie}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis}, volume = {46}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1616-3443}, doi = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000414}, pages = {73 -- 82}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Theoretischer Hintergrund:Supervision spielt eine zentrale Rolle zum Wissens- und Kompetenzerwerb sowie in der Qualit{\"a}tssicherung. Fragestellung:Ziel war es, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Supervision im Rahmen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie abzubilden, um daraus Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r die zuk{\"u}nftige Forschung abzuleiten. Methode:Zur Evidenzsynthese wurde ein Scoping Review durchgef{\"u}hrt, das die Darstellung zentraler Konzepte, aktueller Evidenz und m{\"o}glicher Forschungsbedarfe erm{\"o}glichte. Neben einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden Vorw{\"a}rts- und R{\"u}ckw{\"a}rtssuchstrategien eingesetzt. Ergebnisse:Eingeschlossen wurden zw{\"o}lf Publikationen basierend auf zehn empirischen Studien. Alle Studien beschrieben Ausbildungssettings, aber nur wenige untersuchten {\"u}bende Interventionen (z. B. Rollenspiele). H{\"a}ufig wurden Effekte subjektiv erfasst, die methodische Qualit{\"a}t der Begleitstudien variierte. Schlussfolgerungen:Notwendig sind weitere methodisch hochwertige Studien, experimentell orientiert oder in der klinischen Praxis, die die Supervisionsforschung bereichern k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @article{Muschalla2017, author = {Muschalla, Beate}, title = {Work-anxiety-coping intervention improves work-coping perception while a recreational intervention leads to deterioration}, series = {European journal of work and organizational psychology : the official journal of The European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology}, volume = {26}, journal = {European journal of work and organizational psychology : the official journal of The European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology}, number = {6}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1359-432X}, doi = {10.1080/1359432X.2017.1384378}, pages = {858 -- 869}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Work-anxieties are costly and need early intervention. The perception of being able to cope with work is a basic requirement for work ability. This randomized controlled trial investigates whether a cognitive behavioural, work-anxiety-coping group (WAG) intervention leads to better work-coping perception than an unspecific recreational group (RG). Heterogeneous people in medical rehabilitation, who were due to return to work, were interviewed concerning their work-anxieties, and either randomly assigned to a WAG (n=85) or a RG (n=95). The participants (with an average of 50years old [range 23-64]; 51\% women; 70\% workers or employees, 25\% academics, 5\% unskilled) followed the group intervention for four or six sessions. The perceived work-coping was assessed by self-rating (Inventory for Job-Coping and Return Intention JoCoRi) after each group session. Although participants had a slight temporary decrease in work-coping after group session two (from M-1=2.47 to M-2=2.28, d(Cohen)=-.22), the WAG led to the improvement of perceived work-coping over the intervention course (from M-1=2.47 to M-6=2.65, d(Cohen)=.18). In contrast, participants from the RG reported lower work-coping after six group sessions (from M-1=2.26 to M-6=2.02, d(Cohen)=-.18). It is considered that people with work-anxieties need training in work-coping. By focusing on recreation only, this may lead to deterioration of work-coping. Indeed, intervention designers should be aware of temporary deterioration (side effects) when confronting participants with work-coping.}, language = {en} } @article{KaufmannMaiwaldSchindleretal.2017, author = {Kaufmann, Yvonne Marie and Maiwald, Lisa Marie and Schindler, Svenja and Weck, Florian}, title = {Wie wirkt sich mehrmaliges Kompetenz-Feedback auf psychotherapeutische Behandlungen aus?}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis}, volume = {46}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis}, number = {2}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1616-3443}, doi = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000412}, pages = {96 -- 106}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Theoretischer Hintergrund: Einfl{\"u}sse von therapeutenorientiertem Kompetenz-Feedback in der Psychotherapieausbildung wurden bislang wenig untersucht. Fragestellung: Wie gehen Ausbildungstherapeuten mit Feedback um? Welchen Einfluss hat ein regelm{\"a}ßiges Kompetenz-Feedback auf die Qualit{\"a}t psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen (insbesondere Therapiesitzungen, therapeutische Beziehung, Person des Therapeuten, Supervision)? Methode: Elf Therapeuten wurden mithilfe eines halbstrukturierten Interviewleitfadens befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2015). Ergebnisse: Das auf Basis der Interviews erstellte Kategoriensystem umfasste die Kategorien „Erwartungen an das Feedback", „Wahrnehmung des Feedbacks", „Verarbeitung von und Umgang mit Feedback", „Folgen, Auswirkungen und Ver{\"a}nderungen durch Feedback" sowie „Verbesserungsw{\"u}nsche". Schlussfolgerungen: Therapeuten streben eine Umsetzung des Feedbacks an, welches sich auf die Behandlung, die Supervision, die eigene Person und die therapeutische Beziehung auswirkt.}, language = {de} } @article{EndrejatBaumgartenKauffeld2017, author = {Endrejat, Paul C. and Baumgarten, Franz and Kauffeld, Simone}, title = {When theory meets practice}, series = {Journal of Change Management}, volume = {17}, journal = {Journal of Change Management}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1469-7017}, doi = {10.1080/14697017.2017.1299372}, pages = {101 -- 120}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Although more than seven decades have passed since Lewin laid the foundation for how employees' behaviour could be changed within organizations, his ideas are far from being obsolescent. Accordingly, this article demonstrates how Lewin's concepts can still be of use in tackling current issues (i.e. the need to raise energy-saving behaviours within organizations). In order to revive Lewin's concepts, we combine his approaches on organization change with Motivational Interviewing (MI), a facilitation approach that fits well with his democratic and participatory mind-set. After a theoretical consideration of how Lewin's ideas could be accompanied by MI principles, we outline a practical concept for raising the level of employees' energy-saving behaviours to a higher standard. The usefulness of our concept is highlighted on the basis of qualitative (a force field analysis) and quantitative (an increase of energy-saving norms and - behaviours) data. Lewin's legacy for current organization development, and the theoretical as well as practical implications for how his ideas could be applied through a combination with MI practices, are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{MarxHepptHenschel2017, author = {Marx, Alexandra and Heppt, Birgit and Henschel, Sofie}, title = {Listening comprehension of academic and everyday language in first language and second language students}, series = {Applied psycholinguistics : psychological and linguistic studies across languages and learners}, volume = {38}, journal = {Applied psycholinguistics : psychological and linguistic studies across languages and learners}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0142-7164}, doi = {10.1017/S0142716416000333}, pages = {571 -- 600}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Listening comprehension in academic contexts is an important prerequisite for the acquisition of school-related skills. However, the concept of academic language is generally the subject of much debate, and there is no consensus yet on what constitutes academic listening comprehension. To date, it remains unclear whether listening comprehension of academic language may be regarded as a distinct construct. The present study investigates the distinction of academic and everyday listening comprehension in 459 ninth-grade students speaking German as a first language or as a second language. Empirical results provide preliminary evidence that academic listening forms a separate facet of listening comprehension. Contrary to theoretical assumptions, second language students were not particularly disadvantaged in terms of academic listening comprehension.}, language = {en} } @article{MaleszaOstaszewski2017, author = {Malesza, Marta and Ostaszewski, Paweł}, title = {Assessing individual differences in discounting}, series = {Current psychology}, volume = {39}, journal = {Current psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {1046-1310}, doi = {10.1007/s12144-017-9754-x}, pages = {207 -- 219}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The purpose of the project was to develop the Discounting Inventory (DI), a measure of individual differences in delay, probability, effort, and social discounting, all related to behavioral impulsivity. Over 400 items relating to four types of discounting were generated. Next, a study followed by a series of psychometric analyses of data obtained from a group of 2843 individuals was conducted. Principal Component Analysis yielded a four-factor structure of data, reflecting the four types of discounting. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed good fit of the four-factor model to data. Through several iterations of retaining and deleting items on the basis of their component loadings, item intercorrelations, and contribution to coefficient alphas, the total number of items was reduced to 48. The final 48-item version of the inventory has satisfactory psychometric characteristics, including Cronbach's alpha and test-retest stability. In addition, significant correlations were observed between the DI and traditional discounting instruments, suggesting that the DI measures a construct similar to the behavioral discounting process. The development of the tool was based on the assumption that discounting is a personality trait. However, the present data suggest that discounting may reflect more a state than trait function.}, language = {en} } @article{SchachnerHeHeizmannetal.2017, author = {Schachner, Maja Katharina and He, Jia and Heizmann, Boris and Van de Vijver, Fons J. R.}, title = {Acculturation and School Adjustment of Immigrant Youth in Six European Countries: Findings from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00649}, pages = {11}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{Schachner2017, author = {Schachner, Maja Katharina}, title = {From equality and inclusion to cultural pluralism}, series = {European journal of developmental psychology}, volume = {16}, journal = {European journal of developmental psychology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {1740-5629}, doi = {10.1080/17405629.2017.1326378}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Schools are a major context for academic and socio-emotional development, but also an important acculturative context. This is notably the case in adolescence, which is a critical period for the development of a social and ethnic identity, as well as moral reasoning and intergroup attitudes. How schools approach cultural diversity issues is therefore likely to affect these developmental and acculturative processes and adaptation outcomes. In the present article, the manifestation and effects of the most prominent approaches to cultural diversity, namely those guided by a perspective of equality and inclusion, and those guided by a perspective of cultural pluralism, are reviewed and compared in the context of multi-ethnic schools. The aim is to explore when and how the potential of cultural diversity can best flourish, enhancing the academic and socio-emotional development of culturally diverse students.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Reike2017, author = {Reike, Dennis}, title = {A look behind perceptual performance in numerical cognition}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407821}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {vi, 136}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Recognizing, understanding, and responding to quantities are considerable skills for human beings. We can easily communicate quantities, and we are extremely efficient in adapting our behavior to numerical related tasks. One usual task is to compare quantities. We also use symbols like digits in numerical-related tasks. To solve tasks including digits, we must to rely on our previously learned internal number representations. This thesis elaborates on the process of number comparison with the use of noisy mental representations of numbers, the interaction of number and size representations and how we use mental number representations strategically. For this, three studies were carried out. In the first study, participants had to decide which of two presented digits was numerically larger. They had to respond with a saccade in the direction of the anticipated answer. Using only a small set of meaningfully interpretable parameters, a variant of random walk models is described that accounts for response time, error rate, and variance of response time for the full matrix of 72 digit pairs. In addition, the used random walk model predicts a numerical distance effect even for error response times and this effect clearly occurs in the observed data. In relation to corresponding correct answers error responses were systematically faster. However, different from standard assumptions often made in random walk models, this account required that the distributions of step sizes of the induced random walks be asymmetric to account for this asymmetry between correct and incorrect responses. Furthermore, the presented model provides a well-defined framework to investigate the nature and scale (e.g., linear vs. logarithmic) of the mapping of numerical magnitude onto its internal representation. In comparison of the fits of proposed models with linear and logarithmic mapping, the logarithmic mapping is suggested to be prioritized. Finally, we discuss how our findings can help interpret complex findings (e.g., conflicting speed vs. accuracy trends) in applied studies that use number comparison as a well-established diagnostic tool. Furthermore, a novel oculomotoric effect is reported, namely the saccadic overschoot effect. The participants responded by saccadic eye movements and the amplitude of these saccadic responses decreases with numerical distance. For the second study, an experimental design was developed that allows us to apply the signal detection theory to a task where participants had to decide whether a presented digit was physically smaller or larger. A remaining question is, whether the benefit in (numerical magnitude - physical size) congruent conditions is related to a better perception than in incongruent conditions. Alternatively, the number-size congruency effect is mediated by response biases due to numbers magnitude. The signal detection theory is a perfect tool to distinguish between these two alternatives. It describes two parameters, namely sensitivity and response bias. Changes in the sensitivity are related to the actual task performance due to real differences in perception processes whereas changes in the response bias simply reflect strategic implications as a stronger preparation (activation) of an anticipated answer. Our results clearly demonstrate that the number-size congruency effect cannot be reduced to mere response bias effects, and that genuine sensitivity gains for congruent number-size pairings contribute to the number-size congruency effect. Third, participants had to perform a SNARC task - deciding whether a presented digit was odd or even. Local transition probability of irrelevant attributes (magnitude) was varied while local transition probability of relevant attributes (parity) and global probability occurrence of each stimulus were kept constantly. Participants were quite sensitive in recognizing the underlying local transition probability of irrelevant attributes. A gain in performance was observed for actual repetitions of the irrelevant attribute in relation to changes of the irrelevant attribute in high repetition conditions compared to low repetition conditions. One interpretation of these findings is that information about the irrelevant attribute (magnitude) in the previous trial is used as an informative precue, so that participants can prepare early processing stages in the current trial, with the corresponding benefits and costs typical of standard cueing studies. Finally, the results reported in this thesis are discussed in relation to recent studies in numerical cognition.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Rauscher2017, author = {Rauscher, Larissa}, title = {Effekte eines F{\"o}rderprogramms zur Verbesserung der Rechenfertigkeiten auf Leistung, sozio-emotionale Merkmale und psychische Auff{\"a}lligkeiten}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {227}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Baumgarten2017, author = {Baumgarten, Franz}, title = {Nahrungserg{\"a}nzungsmittel im Nachwuchssport - Interventionsempfehlungen vor dem Hintergrund der Theorie der Zielsysteme}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405652}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {127}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Aufgrund verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse wird jungen Sporttreibenden vom Gebrauch von Nahrungserg{\"a}nzungsmitteln (NEM) abgeraten. Diese Dissertation verfolgt vor dem Hintergrund der Theorie der Zielsysteme (TDZ) das Ziel der Erstellung anwendungsorientieren Handlungswissens, anhand dessen Interventionsempfehlungen zur Reduzierung des pr{\"a}valenten NEM-Konsums im Nachwuchssport ableitbar sind. Insgesamt wurden sechs Untersuchungen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Versuchsteilnehmenden absolvierten in s{\"a}mtlichen Studien eine Variante der lexikalischen Entscheidungsaufgabe. Diese Aufgabe diente der Operationalisierung von automatisch aktivier- und abrufbaren nahrungserg{\"a}nzungsmittelbezogenen Ziel-Mittel-Relationen. In einer Stichprobe von Sportstudierenden zeigte sich, dass NEM mit dem Ziel Leistung assoziiert sind (Studie 1). Unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des NEM-Konsums wurde dieses Ergebnis f{\"u}r Nachwuchsathletinnen und -athleten aus dem Breitensport repliziert (Studie 2). Zus{\"a}tzlich konnte in beiden Studien die Bedeutung dieser Ziel-Mittel-Relationen f{\"u}r das Verhalten nachgewiesen werden. In den nachfolgenden Untersuchungen wurden spezifische Ver{\"a}nderungsmechanismen der verhaltensleitenden Ziel-Mittel-Relation aus Leistung und NEM zun{\"a}chst an Sportstudierenden experimentell evaluiert. Durch das Herausstellen der fehlenden leistungssteigernden Wirkung von NEM konnte diese Zielassoziation nicht modifiziert werden (Studie 3). Das Betonen gesundheitssch{\"a}digender Konsequenzen (Studie 4) und das Akzentuieren einer gesunden Ern{\"a}hrung (Studie 5) erwiesen sich demgegen{\"u}ber als geeignet zur Ver{\"a}nderung der Ziel-Mittel-Relation. Das Herausstellen einer gesunden Ern{\"a}hrung f{\"u}hrte deskriptiv bei Nachwuchsathletinnen und -athleten ebenfalls zur Modifikation der Zielassoziation (Studie 6). Die inferenzstatistische Best{\"a}tigung der Ergebnisse dieser Studie steht aufgrund der geringen Testst{\"a}rke der Untersuchung noch aus. Insgesamt verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse, dass die auf Ebene automatischer Kognitionen bestehende und verhaltensleitende Assoziation des Gebrauchs von NEM mit Leistung durch die Akzentuierung gesundheitlicher Perspektiven experimentell ver{\"a}ndert werden kann. Abschließend wird die theoretische und praktische Bedeutung des erstellten Handlungswissen f{\"u}r k{\"u}nftige Interventionsempfehlungen zur Reduzierung des Gebrauchs von NEM diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Berding2017, author = {Berding, Anja}, title = {Kurz-, mittel- und langfristige Effekte einer Schulung f{\"u}r Patienten mit chronisch entz{\"u}ndlichen Darmerkrankungen auf krankheitsbezogene {\"A}ngste und Gesundheitskompetenzen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401063}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {V, 118}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Menschen mit chronisch entz{\"u}ndlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) leiden unter vielf{\"a}ltigen k{\"o}rperlichen und psychosozialen Einschr{\"a}nkungen. Wie auch bei anderen chronischen Erkrankungen k{\"o}nnten Patientenschulungen ihr psychisches Befinden verbessern (z.B. De Ridder \& Schreurs, 2001; Faller, Reusch \& Meng, 2011a; K{\"u}ver, Becker \& Ludt, 2008; Sch{\"u}ssler, 1998; Warsi, Wang, LaValley, Avorn \& Solomon, 2004). F{\"u}r CED liegen jedoch nur wenige Schulungsevaluationen vor (z.B. Bregenzer et al., 2005; Mussell, B{\"o}cker, Nagel, Olbrich \& Singer, 2003; Oxelmark, Magnusson, L{\"o}fberg \& Hiller{\aa}s, 2007), deren Aussagekraft i.d.R. durch methodische M{\"a}ngel eingeschr{\"a}nkt ist. Daher ist die Bedeutung von Schulungsprogrammen f{\"u}r CED-Betroffene weiterhin offen. {\"U}berdies gibt es f{\"u}r den deutschen Sprachraum noch keine Schulung, die zu psychischen Verbesserungen f{\"u}hrt. Aus diesem Grunde wurde ein 1,5-t{\"a}giges Wochenend-Seminar mit medizinischen und psychologischen Inhalten konzeptionalisiert, manualisiert und in der vorliegenden Studie evaluiert. Zur summativen Evaluation nahmen 181 ambulante CED-Patienten an einer prospektiven, multizentrischen, randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie mit vier Messzeitpunkten teil: vor (T1), zwei Wochen (T2) und drei Monate (T3) nach dem Seminar. Zur 12-Monatskatamnese (T4EG) wurde die Stabilit{\"a}t der Effekte in der Experimentalgruppe (EG; n = 86) {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Die Wartekontrollgruppe (n = 95) erhielt zun{\"a}chst die Standardbehandlung, also keine Patientenschulung, und konnte an dieser nach der dritten Datenerhebung ebenfalls teilnehmen. Kovarianzanalysen (ANCOVAs) mit Kontrolle f{\"u}r die jeweilige Ausgangslage wurden durchgef{\"u}hrt. Weitere Analysen legten eine Adjustierung f{\"u}r die Krankheitsaktivit{\"a}t zu T1 nahe, weshalb diese als zus{\"a}tzliche Kovariate in die ANCOVAs aufgenommen wurde. Krankheitsbezogene {\"A}ngste und Sorgen (PS-CEDE Gesamtwert zu T3; Krebs, Kachel \& Faller, 1998) fungierten als prim{\"a}rer Zielparameter. Zu den sekund{\"a}ren Zielkriterien geh{\"o}rten Progredienzangst und Angstbew{\"a}ltigung (PA-F-KF und PA-F; Mehnert, Herschbach, Berg, Henrich \& Koch, 2006 bzw. Dankert et al., 2003; Herschbach et al., 2005) sowie die Gesundheitskompetenzen Positive Grundhaltung, Aktive Lebensgestaltung und Erwerb von Fertigkeiten und Handlungsstrategien (heiQ; Osborne, Elsworth \& Whitfield, 2007; Schuler et al., 2013). Weitere sekund{\"a}re Zielparameter waren gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualit{\"a}t (SF-12; Bullinger \& Kirchberger, 1998), Symptome einer Angstst{\"o}rung oder Depression (PHQ-4; Kroenke, Spitzer, Williams \& L{\"o}we, 2009; L{\"o}we et al., 2010), Wissen, der Umgang mit der CED bzw. von ihr ausgel{\"o}sten negativen Gef{\"u}hlen sowie die Zufriedenheit der Teilnehmenden mit dem Seminar. Von Interesse war außerdem, ob Geschlecht, Alter, Art, Dauer oder Aktivit{\"a}t der Erkrankung vor der Schulung einen Einfluss auf die genannten Variablen hatten und ob f{\"u}r sie differentielle Wirksamkeitseffekte bestanden. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wurden krankheitsbezogene {\"A}ngste und Sorgen von ungeschulten Studienteilnehmern untersucht. Zwei Wochen und drei Monate nach der Schulung ließen sich im Vergleich von Experimental- und Kontrollgruppe signifikante, mittlere bis große Effekte auf krankheitsbezogene {\"A}ngste und Sorgen, Progredienzangst und deren Bew{\"a}ltigung sowie eine Positive Grundhaltung der CED gegen{\"u}ber erzielen (stets p ≤ .001). Außerdem kam es zu beiden Messzeitpunkten zu signifikanten, großen Interventionseffekten auf den Erwerb von Fertigkeiten und Handlungsstrategien im Umgang mit der Erkrankung, das Wissen um sie und den Umgang mit ihr (stets p < .001) sowie zu moderaten Effekten auf den Umgang mit CED-bedingten negativen Gef{\"u}hlen (T2: p = .001; T3: p = .008). Alle beschriebenen Effekte waren auch nach zw{\"o}lf Monaten noch stabil. F{\"u}r Aktive Lebensgestaltung, gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualit{\"a}t sowie Angst- und Depressionssymptomatik konnten keine Schulungseffekte nachgewiesen werden. Die zus{\"a}tzliche Kontrolle f{\"u}r die Krankheitsaktivit{\"a}t zu T1 f{\"u}hrte zu keinen wesentlichen {\"A}nderungen in den Ergebnissen. Auch bei den Subgruppenanalysen hatte die Krankheitsaktivit{\"a}t keinen relevanten Einfluss auf die Wirksamkeit der Schulung. Gleiches gilt f{\"u}r Geschlecht, Alter, Art und Dauer der CED. Mit Ausnahme der Krankheitsaktivit{\"a}t deuteten dies bereits die zur Baseline durchgef{\"u}hrten t-Tests an, bei denen insgesamt nur sehr wenige signifikante, h{\"o}chstens moderate Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Subgruppen auftraten. Sowohl bei der formativen als auch der summativen Evaluation zeigte sich {\"u}berdies die hohe Zufriedenheit der Teilnehmenden mit der Schulung. Neben der Akzeptanz konnte außerdem die Durchf{\"u}hrbarkeit best{\"a}tigt werden. Die Auswertung der {\"A}ngste und Sorgen der Studienteilnehmenden lieferte zudem Hinweise f{\"u}r die Entwicklung und Modifikation von Interventionen f{\"u}r CED-Betroffene. Es l{\"a}sst sich festhalten, dass f{\"u}r die hier evaluierte Schulung f{\"u}r CED-Patienten ein Wirksamkeitsnachweis erbracht werden konnte und sie sehr positiv von den Teilnehmenden bewertet wurde. Sie f{\"u}hrte sowohl kurz-, mittel- als auch langfristig zu substantiellen Verbesserungen in psychischer Belastung, Selbstmanagement-F{\"a}higkeiten, der Bew{\"a}ltigung der Erkrankung sowie im Wissen und war gleichermaßen wirksam bei Betroffenen, die sich in Geschlecht, Alter, Art, Dauer oder Aktivit{\"a}t ihrer CED unterschieden.}, language = {de} } @misc{WarschburgerCalvanoBeckeretal.2017, author = {Warschburger, Petra and Calvano, Claudia and Becker, Sebastian and Friedt, Michael and Hudert, Christian and Posovszky, Carsten and Schier, Maike and Wegscheider, Karl}, title = {Stop the pain : study protocol for a randomized-controlled trial}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401451}, pages = {11}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is not only a highly prevalent disease but also poses a considerable burden on children and their families. Untreated, FAP is highly persistent until adulthood, also leading to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Intervention studies underscore the efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatment approaches but are limited in terms of sample size, long-term follow-up data, controls and inclusion of psychosocial outcome data. Methods/Design: In a multicenter randomized controlled trial, 112 children aged 7 to 12 years who fulfill the Rome III criteria for FAP will be allocated to an established cognitive behavioral training program for children with FAP (n = 56) or to an active control group (focusing on age-appropriate information delivery; n = 56). Randomization occurs centrally, blockwise and is stratified by center. This study is performed in five pediatric gastroenterology outpatient departments. Observer-blind assessments of outcome variables take place four times: pre-, post-, 3- and 12-months post-treatment. Primary outcome is the course of pain intensity and frequency. Secondary endpoints are health-related quality of life, pain-related coping and cognitions, as well as selfefficacy. Discussion: This confirmatory randomized controlled clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention for children with FAP. By applying an active control group, time and attention processes can be controlled, and long-term follow-up data over the course of one year can be explored.}, language = {en} } @misc{WarschburgerKroeller2017, author = {Warschburger, Petra and Kr{\"o}ller, Katja}, title = {Childhood overweight and obesity}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400954}, pages = {8}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: There is an increasing awareness of the impact of parental risk perception on the weight course of the child and the parent's readiness to engage in preventive efforts, but only less is known about factors related to the parental perception of the right time for the implementation of preventive activities. The aim of this study was to examine parental perceptions of the appropriate time to engage in child weight management strategies, and the factors associated with different weight points at which mothers recognize the need for preventive actions. Methods: 352 mothers with children aged 2-10 years took part in the study. We assessed mothers' perceptions of the actual and preferred weight status of their child, their ability to identify overweight and knowledge of its associated health risks, as well as perceptions of the right time for action to prevent overweight in their child. A regression analysis was conducted to examine whether demographic and weight related factors as well as the maternal general risk perception were associated with recognizing the need to implement prevention strategies. Results: Although most of the parents considered a BMI in the 75th to 90th percentile a valid reason to engage in the prevention of overweight, 19\% of the mothers were not willing to engage in prevention until their child reached the 97th percentile. Whereas the child's sex and the identification of an elevated BMI were significant predictors for parents' recognition of the 75th percentile as right point to engage in prevention efforts, an inability to recognize physical health risks associated with overweight silhouettes emerged as a significant factor predicting which parents would delay prevention efforts until a child's BMI reached the 97th percentile. Conclusion: Parental misperceptions of overweight and associated health risks constitute unfavorable conditions for preventive actions. Feedback on the health risks associated with overweight could help increase maternal readiness for change.}, language = {en} } @misc{Warschburger2017, author = {Warschburger, Petra}, title = {SRT-Joy - computer-assisted self-regulation training for obese children and adolescents: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401793}, pages = {10}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background: Obesity is not only a highly prevalent disease but also poses a considerable burden on children and their families. Evidence is increasing that a lack of self-regulation skills may play a role in the etiology and maintenance of obesity. Our goal with this currently ongoing trial is to examine whether training that focuses on the enhancement of self-regulation skills may increase the sustainability of a complex lifestyle intervention. Methods/Design: In a multicenter, prospective, parallel group, randomized controlled superiority trial, 226 obese children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years will be allocated either to a newly developed computer-training program to improve their self-regulation abilities or to a placebo control group. Randomization occurs centrally and blockwise at a 1:1 allocation ratio for each center. This study is performed in pediatric inpatient rehabilitation facilities specialized in the treatment of obesity. Observer-blind assessments of outcome variables take place at four times: at the beginning of the rehabilitation (pre), at the end of the training in the rehabilitation (post), and 6 and 12 months post-rehabilitation intervention. The primary outcome is the course of BMI-SDS over 1 year after the end of the inpatient rehabilitation. Secondary endpoints are the self-regulation skills. In addition, health-related quality of life, and snack intake will be analyzed. Discussion: The computer-based training programs might be a feasible and attractive tool to increase the sustainability of the weight loss reached during inpatient rehabilitation.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Tyree2017, author = {Tyree, Susan}, title = {Arc expression in the parabrachial nucleus following taste stimulation}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396600}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {XIII, 109}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Researchers have made many approaches to study the complexities of the mammalian taste system; however molecular mechanisms of taste processing in the early structures of the central taste pathway remain unclear. More recently the Arc catFISH (cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescent in situ hybridisation) method has been used in our lab to study neural activation following taste stimulation in the first central structure in the taste pathway, the nucleus of the solitary tract. This method uses the immediate early gene Arc as a neural activity marker to identify taste-responsive neurons. Arc plays a critical role in memory formation and is necessary for conditioned taste aversion memory formation. In the nucleus of the solitary tract only bitter taste stimulation resulted in increased Arc expression, however this did not occur following stimulation with tastants of any other taste quality. The primary target for gustatory NTS neurons is the parabrachial nucleus (PbN) and, like Arc, the PbN plays an important role in conditioned taste aversion learning. The aim of this thesis is to investigate Arc expression in the PbN following taste stimulation to elucidate the molecular identity and function of Arc expressing, taste- responsive neurons. Naïve and taste-conditioned mice were stimulated with tastants from each of the five basic taste qualities (sweet, salty, sour, umami, and bitter), with additional bitter compounds included for comparison. The expression patterns of Arc and marker genes were analysed using in situ hybridisation (ISH). The Arc catFISH method was used to observe taste-responsive neurons following each taste stimulation. A double fluorescent in situ hybridisation protocol was then established to investigate possible neuropeptide genes involved in neural responses to taste stimulation. The results showed that bitter taste stimulation induces increased Arc expression in the PbN in naïve mice. This was not true for other taste qualities. In mice conditioned to find an umami tastant aversive, subsequent umami taste stimulation resulted in an increase in Arc expression similar to that seen in bitter-stimulated mice. Taste-responsive Arc expression was denser in the lateral PbN than the medial PbN. In mice that received two temporally separated taste stimulations, each stimulation time-point showed a distinct population of Arc-expressing neurons, with only a small population (10 - 18 \%) of neurons responding to both stimulations. This suggests that either each stimulation event activates a different population of neurons, or that Arc is marking something other than simple cellular activation, such as long-term cellular changes that do not occur twice within a 25 minute time frame. Investigation using the newly established double-FISH protocol revealed that, of the bitter-responsive Arc expressing neuron population: 16 \% co-expressed calcitonin RNA; 17 \% co-expressed glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor RNA; 17 \% co-expressed hypocretin receptor 1 RNA; 9 \% co-expressed gastrin-releasing peptide RNA; and 20 \% co-expressed neurotensin RNA. This co-expression with multiple different neuropeptides suggests that bitter-activated Arc expression mediates multiple neural responses to the taste event, such as taste aversion learning, suppression of food intake, increased heart rate, and involves multiple brain structures such as the lateral hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the thalamus. The increase in Arc-expression suggests that bitter taste stimulation, and umami taste stimulation in umami-averse animals, may result in an enhanced state of Arc- dependent synaptic plasticity in the PbN, allowing animals to form taste-relevant memories to these aversive compounds more readily. The results investigating neuropeptide RNA co- expression suggest the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and thalamus as possible targets for bitter-responsive Arc-expressing PbN neurons.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{vanNoort2017, author = {van Noort, Betteke Maria}, title = {Children with early-onset anorexia nervosa and their cognitive abilities}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {123}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hoffmann2017, author = {Hoffmann, Lars}, title = {Lehrkr{\"a}fte als Diagnostikerinnen und Diagnostiker}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404584}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {246}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Im Fokus der kumulativen Dissertationsschrift stehen Grundschullehrerinnen und Grundschullehrer in ihrer Rolle als Diagnostikerinnen und Diagnostiker. Exemplarisch werden mit der Einsch{\"a}tzung von Aufgabenschwierigkeiten und der Feststellung von Sprachf{\"o}rderbedarf zwei diagnostische Herausforderungen untersucht, die Lehrkr{\"a}fte an Grundschulen bew{\"a}ltigen m{\"u}ssen. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst drei empirische Teilstudien, die in einem Rahmentext integriert sind, in dem zun{\"a}chst die theoretischen Hintergr{\"u}nde und die empirische Befundlage erl{\"a}utert werden. Hierbei wird auf die diagnostische Kompetenz von Lehrkr{\"a}ften bzw. die Genauigkeit von Lehrerurteilen eingegangen. Ferner wird der Einsatz standardisierter Testinstrumente als wichtiger Bestandteil des diagnostischen Aufgabenfeldes von Lehrkr{\"a}ften charakterisiert. Außerdem werden zentrale Aspekte der Sprachdiagnostik in der Grundschule dargestellt. In Teilstudie 1 (Hoffmann \& B{\"o}hme, 2014b) wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie akkurat Grundschullehrerinnen und -lehrer die Schwierigkeit von Deutsch- und Mathematikaufgaben einsch{\"a}tzen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird untersucht, welche Faktoren mit der {\"U}ber- oder Untersch{\"a}tzung der Schwierigkeit von Aufgaben zusammenh{\"a}ngen. In Teilstudie 2 (Hoffmann \& B{\"o}hme, 2017) wird gepr{\"u}ft, inwiefern die Klassifikationsg{\"u}te von Entschei¬dungen zum sprachlichen F{\"o}rderbedarf mit den hierf{\"u}r genutzten diagnostischen Informationsquellen kovariiert. Der Fokus liegt hierbei vor allem auf der Untersuchung von Effekten des Einsatzes von sprachdiagnostischen Verfahren. Teilstudie 3 (Hoffmann, B{\"o}hme \& Stanat, 2017) untersucht schließlich die Frage, welche diagnostischen Verfahren gegenw{\"a}rtig bundesweit an den Grundschulen zur Feststellung sprachlichen F{\"o}rderbedarfs genutzt werden und ob diese Verfahren etwa testtheoretischen G{\"u}tekriterien gen{\"u}gen. Die zentralen Ergebnisse der Teilstudien werden im Rahmentext zusammen¬gefasst und studien{\"u}bergreifend diskutiert. Hierbei wird auch auf methodische St{\"a}rken und Schw{\"a}chen der drei Beitr{\"a}ge sowie auf Implikationen f{\"u}r die zuk{\"u}nftige Forschung und die schulische Praxis hingewiesen.}, language = {de} } @article{NiestaKayersSchwarz2017, author = {Niesta Kayers, Daniel and Schwarz, Sascha}, title = {Physical Appearance, Attractiveness and Relationships: Is the Display Versus Avoidance of the Color Red a Strategic Mating Signal?}, series = {Journal of Psychology \& Psychotherapy}, volume = {7}, journal = {Journal of Psychology \& Psychotherapy}, number = {2}, issn = {2161-0487}, doi = {10.4172/2161-0487.1000293}, pages = {4}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The present article focuses on the role of situational factors - such as the color red - and their influence on what humans notice in others. Humans form impressions of others instantly. These impressions are predominantly based on physical appearance, which is part due to a person's search for indicators of a potential partner's fitness. Attractive individuals are associated with all sorts of positive qualities, whereas their less attractive counterparts are less favorably depicted. This perception process of physical attractiveness is associated with health in male and female faces, and from an evolutionary point of view, serves the survival and the reproductive success of the perceiver. The meaning of the color red for approach and avoidance behavior is demonstrated in a recent study, which shows that women's use (or avoidance) of red clothing, accessories, and make-up may serve as a subtle and strategic indicator of (missing) sexual interest.}, language = {en} } @misc{Galetzka2017, author = {Galetzka, Cedric}, title = {The Story So Far: How Embodied Cognition Advances Our Understanding of Meaning-Making (vol 8, 1315, 2017)}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01813}, pages = {1}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{WeckNagelHoeflingetal.2017, author = {Weck, Florian and Nagel, Laura Carlotta and Hoefling, Volkmar and Neng, Julia M. B.}, title = {Cognitive Therapy and Exposure Therapy for Hypochondriasis (Health Anxiety): A 3-Year Naturalistic Follow-Up}, series = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology}, volume = {85}, journal = {Journal of consulting and clinical psychology}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0022-006X}, doi = {10.1037/ccp0000239}, pages = {1012 -- 1017}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Objective: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective in treating hypochondriasis. However, there are doubts regarding the long-term effectiveness of CBT for hypochondriasis, in particular for follow-up periods longer than 1 year. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of cognitive therapy (CT) and exposure therapy (ET) for the treatment of hypochondriasis. Method: Seventy-five patients with a diagnosis of hypochondriasis who were previously treated with CT or ET were contacted 3 years after treatment. Fifty (67\%) patients participated and were interviewed by an independent and blinded diagnostician using standardized interviews. Results: We found further improvements after therapy in primary outcome measures (d = .37), general functioning (d = .38), and reduced doctor visits (d = .30) during the naturalistic follow-up period. At the 3-year follow-up, 72\% of the patients no longer fulfilled the diagnosis of hypochondriasis. Based on the main outcome measure, we found response rates of 76\% and remission rates of 68\%. At follow-up, only 4\% of patients were taking antidepressant medication. Additional psychological treatment was utilized by 18\% of the patients during the follow-up period (only 8\% because of health anxiety). We found no overall differences between CT and ET. Only a trend for a greater deterioration rate in CT (13\%) in comparison to ET (0\%) was found. Conclusions: Our results suggest that 2/3 of the patients with hypochondriasis were remitted in the long term. Thus, remission rates after CBT were twice as high as in untreated samples.}, language = {en} } @article{WolfGillesPeusetal.2017, author = {Wolf, Isabell Ann-Cathrin and Gilles, Maria and Peus, Verena and Scharnholz, Barbara and Seibert, Julia and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Krumm, Bertram and Deuschle, Michael and Laucht, Manfred}, title = {Impact of prenatal stress on the dyadic behavior of mothers and their 6-month-old infants during a play situation: role of different dimensions of stress}, series = {Journal of neural transmission}, volume = {124}, journal = {Journal of neural transmission}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wien}, issn = {0300-9564}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-017-1770-3}, pages = {1251 -- 1260}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{LazurasBarkoukisLoukovitisetal.2017, author = {Lazuras, Lambros and Barkoukis, Vassilis and Loukovitis, Andreas and Brand, Ralf and Hudson, Andy and Mallia, Luca and Michaelides, Michalis and Muzi, Milena and Petroczi, Andrea and Zelli, Arnaldo}, title = {"I Want It All, and I Want It Now": Lifetime Prevalence and Reasons for Using and Abstaining from Controlled Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAES) among Young Exercisers and Amateur Athletes in Five European Countries}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00717}, pages = {9}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Doping use in recreational sports is an emerging issue that has received limited attention so far in the psychological literature. The present study assessed the lifetime prevalence of controlled performance and appearance enhancing substances ( PAES), and used behavioral reasoning theory to identify the reasons for using and for avoiding using controlled PAES in young exercisers across five European countries, in the context of the "SAFE YOU" Project. Participants were 915 young amateur athletes and exercisers (M = 21.62; SD = 2.62) from Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, and UK who completed an anonymous questionnaire that included measures of self-reported use of controlled PAES, as well as reasons for using and not using controlled PAES. The results of the descriptive analyses demonstrated that almost one out five exercisers in the sample had a previous experience with controlled PAES. Higher prevalence rates were found in Greece and Cyprus and lower in Italy. The most frequently reported reasons for using controlled PAES included achieving the desired results faster; pushing the self to the (physical) limits; and recovering faster after exercise/training. Furthermore, the most frequently reported reasons for not using controlled PAES involved worry about any possible adverse health effects; not feeling the need for using them; and wanting to see what can be achieved naturally without using any controlled PAES. The findings of the present study indicate that the use of controlled PAES is fast becoming a crisis in amateur sports and exercise settings and highlight the need for preventive action and concerted anti-doping education efforts.}, language = {en} } @article{MoscadeBot2017, author = {Mosca, Michela and de Bot, Kees}, title = {Bilingual Language Switching: Production vs. Recognition}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00934}, pages = {18}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{KrauseBekkeringPrattetal.2017, author = {Krause, Florian and Bekkering, Harold and Pratt, Jay and Lindemann, Oliver}, title = {Interaction between numbers and size during visual search}, series = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, volume = {81}, journal = {Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0340-0727}, doi = {10.1007/s00426-016-0771-4}, pages = {664 -- 677}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The current study investigates an interaction between numbers and physical size (i.e. size congruity) in visual search. In three experiments, participants had to detect a physically large (or small) target item among physically small (or large) distractors in a search task comprising single-digit numbers. The relative numerical size of the digits was varied, such that the target item was either among the numerically large or small numbers in the search display and the relation between numerical and physical size was either congruent or incongruent. Perceptual differences of the stimuli were controlled by a condition in which participants had to search for a differently coloured target item with the same physical size and by the usage of LCD-style numbers that were matched in visual similarity by shape transformations. The results of all three experiments consistently revealed that detecting a physically large target item is significantly faster when the numerical size of the target item is large as well (congruent), compared to when it is small (incongruent). This novel finding of a size congruity effect in visual search demonstrates an interaction between numerical and physical size in an experimental setting beyond typically used binary comparison tasks, and provides important new evidence for the notion of shared cognitive codes for numbers and sensorimotor magnitudes. Theoretical consequences for recent models on attention, magnitude representation and their interactions are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{MassonRabeKliegl2017, author = {Masson, Michael E. J. and Rabe, Maximilian M. and Kliegl, Reinhold}, title = {Modulation of additive and interactive effects by trial history revisited}, series = {Memory \& cognition}, volume = {45}, journal = {Memory \& cognition}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, issn = {0090-502X}, doi = {10.3758/s13421-016-0666-z}, pages = {480 -- 492}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{FischerShaki2017, author = {Fischer, Martin H. and Shaki, Samuel}, title = {Implicit Spatial-Numerical Associations: Negative Numbers and the Role of Counting Direction}, series = {Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance}, volume = {43}, journal = {Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance}, publisher = {American Psychological Association}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0096-1523}, doi = {10.1037/xhp0000369}, pages = {639 -- 643}, year = {2017}, abstract = {It has been debated whether negative number concepts are cognitively represented on the same mental number line as positive number concepts. The present study reviews this debate and identifies limitations of previous studies. A method with nonspatial stimuli and responses is applied to overcome these limitations and to document a systematic implicit association of negative numbers with left space, thus indicating a leftward extension of the mental number line. Importantly, this result only held for left-to-right counting adults. Implications for the experiential basis of abstract conceptual knowledge are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{SehmWarschburger2017, author = {Sehm, Marie and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {The dual-pathway model of binge eating: Is there a need for modification?}, series = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, volume = {114}, journal = {Appetite : multidisciplinary research on eating and drinking}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {London}, issn = {0195-6663}, doi = {10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.028}, pages = {137 -- 145}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The dual-pathway model proposes that body dissatisfaction might lead to binge eating (BE) through restraint eating and negative affect. Both pathways have been confirmed longitudinally, but there is evidence that the affect-pathway might rather be found in the short-term, whereas other variables might be involved over longer periods. Research suggests that self-esteem represents a key-factor in the etiology of BE in adolescent girls and might serve as a mediator between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. Based on these findings, the aim of this study was to investigate the original dual-pathway model across 20 months and to evaluate a modified version of the model with self-esteem instead of negative affect as a mediator in the affect-pathway. We assessed eating pathology, negative affect and self-esteem by self-report in a sample of 523 adolescent girls at two time points separated by 20 months. Data were analyzed using a cross-lagged panel design. Both, the original and the modified model provided good fit to the data, but results yielded limited support for the assumptions of the original model. Neither restraint eating nor negative affect mediated the link between body dissatisfaction and BE. The modified model fit the data slightly better and results indicated that low self-esteem mediated the relationship between body dissatisfaction and BE. Notably, our results indicated that restraint eating might even reduce the risk for BE through the enhancement of self-esteem. Results suggest that the dual-pathway model could benefit from the inclusion of a more trait-like variable such as self-esteem when evaluated across the long-term. Furthermore, our findings indicate that healthy restraint eating might have positive effects on self-esteem, thereby reducing risk for BE in adolescent girls, who are dissatisfied with their bodies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @article{Fatfouta2017, author = {Fatfouta, Ramzi}, title = {To be alone or not to be alone? Facets of narcissism and preference for solitude}, series = {Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences}, volume = {114}, journal = {Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0191-8869}, doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.047}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{Galetzka2017, author = {Galetzka, Cedric}, title = {The Story So Far: How Embodied Cognition Advances Our Understanding of Meaning-Making}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01315}, pages = {1518 -- 1537}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Meiser2017, author = {Meiser, Susanne}, title = {Wie dysfunktional sind Dysfunktionale Einstellungen?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412483}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {186}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Im kognitiven Vulnerabilit{\"a}ts-Stress-Modell der Depression von A.T. Beck (1967, 1976) spielen dysfunktionale Einstellungen bei der Entstehung von Depression in Folge von erlebtem Stress eine zentrale Rolle. Diese Theorie pr{\"a}gt seit Jahrzehnten die {\"a}tiologische Erforschung der Depression, jedoch ist die Bedeutung dysfunktionaler Einstellungen im Prozess der Entstehung einer Depression insbesondere im Kindes- und Jugendalter nach wie vor unklar. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich einigen in der bisherigen Forschung wenig behandelten Fragen. Diese betreffen u. a. die M{\"o}glichkeit nichtlinearer Effekte dysfunktionaler Einstellungen, Auswirkungen einer Stichprobenselektion, Entwicklungseffekte sowie die Spezifit{\"a}t etwaiger Zusammenh{\"a}nge f{\"u}r eine depressive Symptomatik. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden Daten von zwei Messzeitpunkten der PIER-Studie, eines großangelegten L{\"a}ngsschnittprojekts {\"u}ber Entwicklungsrisiken im Kindes- und Jugendalter, genutzt. Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 9 bis 18 Jahren berichteten zweimal im Abstand von ca. 20 Monaten im Selbstberichtsverfahren {\"u}ber ihre dysfunktionalen Einstellungen, Symptome aus verschiedenen St{\"o}rungsbereichen sowie {\"u}ber eingetretene Lebensereignisse. Die Ergebnisse liefern Evidenz f{\"u}r ein Schwellenmodell, in dem dysfunktionale Einstellungen unabh{\"a}ngig von Alter und Geschlecht nur im h{\"o}heren Auspr{\"a}gungsbereich eine Wirkung als Vulnerabilit{\"a}tsfaktor zeigen, w{\"a}hrend im niedrigen Auspr{\"a}gungsbereich keine Zusammenh{\"a}nge zur sp{\"a}teren Depressivit{\"a}t bestehen. Eine Wirkung als Vulnerabilit{\"a}tsfaktor war zudem nur in der Subgruppe der anf{\"a}nglich weitgehend symptomfreien Kinder und Jugendlichen zu beobachten. Das Schwellenmodell erwies sich als spezifisch f{\"u}r eine depressive Symptomatik, es zeigten sich jedoch auch (teilweise ebenfalls nichtlineare) Effekte dysfunktionaler Einstellungen auf die Entwicklung von Essst{\"o}rungssymptomen und aggressivem Verhalten. Bei 9- bis 13-j{\"a}hrigen Jungen standen dysfunktionale Einstellungen zudem in Zusammenhang mit einer Tendenz, Stress in Leistungskontexten herbeizuf{\"u}hren. Zusammen mit den von Sahyazici-Knaak (2015) berichteten Ergebnissen aus der PIER-Studie weisen die Befunde darauf hin, dass dysfunktionale Einstellungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter - je nach betrachteter Subgruppe - Ursache, Symptom und Konsequenz der Depression darstellen k{\"o}nnen. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit gezeigten nichtlinearen Effekte dysfunktionaler Einstellungen und die Effekte der Stichprobenselektion bieten eine zumindest teilweise Erkl{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die Heterogenit{\"a}t fr{\"u}herer Forschungsergebnisse. Insgesamt lassen sie auf komplexe - und nicht ausschließlich negative - Auswirkungen dysfunktionaler Einstellungen schließen. F{\"u}r eine ad{\"a}quate Beurteilung der „Dysfunktionalit{\"a}t" der von A.T. Beck so betitelten Einstellungen erscheint daher eine Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der betrachteten Personengruppe, der absoluten Auspr{\"a}gungen und der fraglichen Symptomgruppen geboten.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Adam2017, author = {Adam, Hubertus}, title = {Die seelische Belastung von Fl{\"u}chtlingskindern}, series = {Zukunft mit Kindern, Zukunft f{\"u}r Kinder : der UNICEF-Bericht zur Lage der Kinder in Deutschland im europ{\"a}ischen Kontext}, booktitle = {Zukunft mit Kindern, Zukunft f{\"u}r Kinder : der UNICEF-Bericht zur Lage der Kinder in Deutschland im europ{\"a}ischen Kontext}, publisher = {Budrich}, address = {Opladen}, isbn = {978-3-8474-0551-1}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {159 -- 174}, year = {2017}, language = {de} } @article{HeinzelLorenzQuynhLamDuongetal.2017, author = {Heinzel, Stephan and Lorenz, Robert C. and Quynh-Lam Duong, and Rapp, Michael Armin and Deserno, Lorenz}, title = {Prefrontal-parietal effective connectivity during working memory in older adults}, series = {Neurobiology of Aging}, volume = {57}, journal = {Neurobiology of Aging}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York}, issn = {0197-4580}, doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.005}, pages = {18 -- 27}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Theoretical models and preceding studies have described age-related alterations in neuronal activation of frontoparietal regions in a working memory (WM)load-dependent manner. However, to date, underlying neuronal mechanisms of these WM load-dependent activation changes in aging remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate these mechanisms in terms of effective connectivity by application of dynamic causal modeling with Bayesian Model Selection. Eighteen healthy younger (age: 20-32 years) and 32 older (60-75 years) participants performed an n-back task with 3 WM load levels during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behavioral and conventional fMRI results replicated age group by WM load interactions. Importantly, the analysis of effective connectivity derived from dynamic causal modeling, indicated an age-and performance-related reduction in WM load-dependent modulation of connectivity from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to inferior parietal lobule. This finding provides evidence for the proposal that age-related WM decline manifests as deficient WM load-dependent modulation of neuronal top-down control and can integrate implications from theoretical models and previous studies of functional changes in the aging brain.}, language = {en} } @article{FriedelSeboldKuitunenPauletal.2017, author = {Friedel, Eva and Sebold, Miriam Hannah and Kuitunen-Paul, S{\"o}ren and Nebe, Stephan and Veer, Ilya M. and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schlagenhauf, Florian and Smolka, Michael N. and Rapp, Michael Armin and Walter, Henrik and Heinz, Andreas}, title = {How Accumulated Real Life Stress Experience and Cognitive Speed Interact on Decision-Making Processes}, series = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscienc}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1662-5161}, doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2017.00302}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Rationale: Advances in neurocomputational modeling suggest that valuation systems for goal-directed (deliberative) on one side, and habitual (automatic) decision-making on the other side may rely on distinct computational strategies for reinforcement learning, namely model-free vs. model-based learning. As a key theoretical difference, the model-based system strongly demands cognitive functions to plan actions prospectively based on an internal cognitive model of the environment, whereas valuation in the model-free system relies on rather simple learning rules from operant conditioning to retrospectively associate actions with their outcomes and is thus cognitively less demanding. Acute stress reactivity is known to impair model-based but not model-free choice behavior, with higher working memory capacity protecting the model-based system from acute stress. However, it is not clear which impact accumulated real life stress has on model-free and model-based decision systems and how this influence interacts with cognitive abilities. Methods: We used a sequential decision-making task distinguishing relative contributions of both learning strategies to choice behavior, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale questionnaire to assess accumulated real life stress, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test to test cognitive speed in 95 healthy subjects. Results: Individuals reporting high stress exposure who had low cognitive speed showed reduced model-based but increased model-free behavioral control. In contrast, subjects exposed to accumulated real life stress with high cognitive speed displayed increased model-based performance but reduced model-free control. Conclusion: These findings suggest that accumulated real life stress exposure can enhance reliance on cognitive speed for model-based computations, which may ultimately protect the model-based system from the detrimental influences of accumulated real life stress. The combination of accumulated real life stress exposure and slower information processing capacities, however, might favor model-free strategies. Thus, the valence and preference of either system strongly depends on stressful experiences and individual cognitive capacities.}, language = {en} } @article{SegeBradleyWeymaretal.2017, author = {Sege, Christopher T. and Bradley, Margaret M. and Weymar, Mathias and Lang, Peter J.}, title = {A direct comparison of appetitive and aversive anticipation}, series = {Behavioural brain research : an international journal}, volume = {326}, journal = {Behavioural brain research : an international journal}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0166-4328}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.005}, pages = {96 -- 102}, year = {2017}, abstract = {fMRI studies of reward find increased neural activity in ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas other regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (d1PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and anterior insula, are activated when anticipating aversive exposure. Although these data suggest differential activation during anticipation of pleasant or of unpleasant exposure, they also arise in the context of different paradigms (e.g., preparation for reward vs. threat of shock) and participants. To determine overlapping and unique regions active during emotional anticipation, we compared neural activity during anticipation of pleasant or unpleasant exposure in the same participants. Cues signalled the upcoming presentation of erotic/romantic, violent, or everyday pictures while BOLD activity during the 9-s anticipatory period was measured using fMRI. Ventral striatum and a ventral mPFC subregion were activated when anticipating pleasant, but not unpleasant or neutral, pictures, whereas activation in other regions was enhanced when anticipating appetitive or aversive scenes.}, language = {en} } @misc{LaubrockEngbertCajar2017, author = {Laubrock, Jochen and Engbert, Ralf and Cajar, Anke}, title = {Gaze-contingent manipulation of the FVF demonstrates the importance of fixation duration for explaining search behavior}, series = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary}, volume = {40}, journal = {Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {New York}, issn = {0140-525X}, doi = {10.1017/S0140525X16000145}, pages = {31 -- 32}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Hulleman \& Olivers' (H\&O's) model introduces variation of the functional visual field (FVF) for explaining visual search behavior. Our research shows how the FVF can be studied using gaze-contingent displays and how FVF variation can be implemented in models of gaze control. Contrary to H\&O, we believe that fixation duration is an important factor when modeling visual search behavior.}, language = {en} } @article{CasselIntziegianniRischetal.2017, author = {Cassel, Michael and Intziegianni, Konstantina and Risch, Lucie and Mueller, Steffen and Engel, Tilman and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Physiological Tendon Thickness Adaptation in Adolescent Elite Athletes: A Longitudinal Study}, series = {Frontiers in physiology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in physiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-042X}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2017.00795}, pages = {599 -- 611}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Increased Achilles (AT) and Patellar tendon (PT) thickness in adolescent athletes compared to non-athletes could be shown. However, it is unclear, if changes are of pathological or physiological origin due to training. The aim of this study was to determine physiological AT and PT thickness adaptation in adolescent elite athletes compared to non-athletes, considering sex and sport. In a longitudinal study design with two measurement days (M1/M2) within an interval of 3.2 +/- 0.8 years, 131 healthy adolescent elite athletes (m/f: 90/41) out of 13 different sports and 24 recreationally active controls (m/f: 6/18) were included. Both ATs and PTs were measured at standardized reference points. Athletes were divided into 4 sport categories [ball (B), combat (C), endurance (E) and explosive strength sports (S)]. Descriptive analysis (mean SD) and statistical testing for group differences was performed (cy = 0.05). AT thickness did not differ significantly between measurement days, neither in athletes (5.6 +/- 0.7 mm/5.6 +/- 0.7 mm) nor in controls (4.8 +/- 0.4 mm/4.9 +/- 0.5 mm, p > 0.05). For PTs, athletes presented increased thickness at M2 (Ml: 3.5 +/- 0.5 mm, M2: 3.8 +/- 0.5 mm, p < 0.001). In general, males had thicker ATs and PTs than females (p < 0.05). Considering sex and sports, only male athletes from B, C, and S showed significant higher PT-thickness at M2 compared to controls (p <= 0.01). Sport-specific adaptation regarding tendon thickness in adolescent elite athletes can be detected in PTs among male athletes participating in certain sports with high repetitive jumping and strength components. Sonographic microstructural analysis might provide an enhanced insight into tendon material properties enabling the differentiation of sex and influence of different sports.}, language = {en} } @article{GroppeElsner2017, author = {Groppe, Karoline and Elsner, Birgit}, title = {Executive function and weight status in children}, series = {Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence}, volume = {23}, journal = {Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0929-7049}, doi = {10.1080/09297049.2015.1089981}, pages = {129 -- 147}, year = {2017}, abstract = {There is considerable evidence for an association between obesity and impaired executive function (EF) in adolescents and adults. However, little research has examined EF in overweight or obese children. Furthermore, data on EF in underweight individuals is lacking. In addition, there is no consensus on the directionality of the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and EF, and longitudinal studies are rare. Thus, the present study examined whether children differ in their performance on a battery of EF tasks depending on their weight status (underweight, normal-weight, overweight), and investigated the longitudinal cross-lagged associations between EF and BMI. Hot EF (delay of gratification, affective decision-making), cool EF (attention shifting, inhibition, working memory [WM] updating), and BMI were assessed in 1,657 German elementary-school children at two time points, approximately one year apart. Overweight children exhibited slightly poorer attention shifting, WM updating, and affective decision-making abilities as compared to normal-weight children. Unexpectedly, they did not show any deficits in inhibition or delay of gratification. EF levels of underweight children did not differ significantly from those of normal-weight children. Furthermore, poor attention shifting and enhanced affective decision-making predicted a slightly higher BMI one year later, and a higher BMI also predicted poorer attention shifting and WM updating one year later. The latter association between BMI and subsequent EF scores, however, diminished when controlling for socioeconomic status. Results indicate that hot and cool EF plays a role in the weight development of children, and might be a promising factor to address in preventive interventions.}, language = {en} } @article{MeybergSinnEngbertetal.2017, author = {Meyberg, Susann and Sinn, Petra and Engbert, Ralf and Sommer, Werner}, title = {Revising the link between microsaccades and the spatial cueing of voluntary attention}, series = {Vision research : an international journal for functional aspects of vision.}, volume = {133}, journal = {Vision research : an international journal for functional aspects of vision.}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0042-6989}, doi = {10.1016/j.visres.2017.01.001}, pages = {47 -- 60}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Microsaccades - i.e., small fixational saccades generated in the superior colliculus (SC) - have been linked to spatial attention. While maintaining fixation, voluntary shifts of covert attention toward peripheral targets result in a sequence of attention-aligned and attention-opposing microsaccades. In most previous studies the direction of the voluntary shift is signaled by a spatial cue (e.g., a leftwards pointing arrow) that presents the most informative part of the cue (e.g., the arrowhead) in the to-be attended visual field. Here we directly investigated the influence of cue position and tested the hypothesis that microsaccades align with cue position rather than with the attention shift. In a spatial cueing task, we presented the task-relevant part of a symmetric cue either in the to-be attended visual field or in the opposite field. As a result, microsaccades were still weakly related to the covert attention shift; however, they were strongly related to the position of the cue even if that required a movement opposite to the cued attention shift. Moreover, if microsaccades aligned with cue position, we observed stronger cueing effects on manual response times. Our interpretation of the data is supported by numerical simulations of a computational model of microsaccade generation that is based on SC properties, where we explain our findings by separate attentional mechanisms for cue localization and the cued attention shift. We conclude that during cueing of voluntary attention, microsaccades are related to both - the overt attentional selection of the task-relevant part of the cue stimulus and the subsequent covert attention shift.(C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {en} } @misc{DolcosKatsumiWeymaretal.2017, author = {Dolcos, Florin and Katsumi, Yuta and Weymar, Mathias and Moore, Matthew and Tsukiura, Takashi and Dolcos, Sanda}, title = {Emerging Directions in Emotional Episodic Memory}, series = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01867}, pages = {R1277 -- R1280}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Building upon the existing literature on emotional memory, the present review examines emerging evidence from brain imaging investigations regarding four research directions: (1) Social Emotional Memory, (2) The Role of Emotion Regulation in the Impact of Emotion on Memory, (3) The Impact of Emotion on Associative or Relational Memory, and (4) The Role of Individual Differences in Emotional Memory. Across these four domains, available evidence demonstrates that emotion-and memory-related medial temporal lobe brain regions (amygdala and hippocampus, respectively), together with prefrontal cortical regions, play a pivotal role during both encoding and retrieval of emotional episodic memories. This evidence sheds light on the neural mechanisms of emotional memories in healthy functioning, and has important implications for understanding clinical conditions that are associated with negative affective biases in encoding and retrieving emotional memories.}, language = {en} } @misc{WeymarVenturaBortGenheimeretal.2017, author = {Weymar, Mathias and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Genheimer, Hannah and Wirkner, Janine and Wendt, Julia and Hamm, Alfons O.}, title = {THE P300 AND THE LC-NE SYSTEM: NEW INSIGHTS FROM TRANSCUTANEOUS VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION (TVNS)}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {54}, journal = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0048-5772}, pages = {S145 -- S145}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @misc{BortHammWeymar2017, author = {Bort, Carlos Ventura and Hamm, Alfons O. and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {ENHANCED VOLUNTARY AND SPONTANEOUS MEMORY RETRIEVAL OF EMOTIONAL ASSOCIATES: AN ERP STUDY}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {54}, journal = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0048-5772}, pages = {S129 -- S129}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @article{WirknerWeymarLoewetal.2017, author = {Wirkner, Janine and Weymar, Mathias and Loew, Andreas and Hamm, Carmen and Struck, Anne-Marie and Kirschbaum, Clemens and Hamm, Alfons O.}, title = {Cognitive functioning and emotion processing in breast cancer survivors and controls: An ERP pilot study}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {54}, journal = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0048-5772}, doi = {10.1111/psyp.12874}, pages = {1209 -- 1222}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is a very emotionally aversive and stressful life event, which can lead to impaired cognitive functioning and mental health. Breast cancer survivors responding with repressive emotion regulation strategies often show less adaptive coping and adverse outcomes. We investigated cognitive functioning and neural correlates of emotion processing using ERPs. Self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and fatigue, as well as hair cortisol as an index of chronic stress, were assessed. Twenty breast cancer survivors (BCS) and 31 carefully matched healthy controls participated in the study. After neuropsychological testing and subjective assessments, participants viewed 30 neutral, 30 unpleasant, and 30 pleasant pictures, and ERPs were recorded. Recognition memory was tested 1 week later. BCS reported stronger complaints about cognitive impairments and more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Moreover, they showed elevated hair cortisol levels. Except for verbal memory, cognitive functioning was predominantly in the normative range. Recognition memory performance was decreased in cancer survivors, especially for emotional contents. In ERPs, survivors showed smaller late positive potential amplitudes for unpleasant pictures relative to controls in a later time window, which may indicate less elaborative processing of this material. Taken together, we found cognitive impairments in BCS in verbal memory, impaired emotional picture memory accuracy, and reduced neural activity when breast cancer survivors were confronted with unpleasant materials. Further studies and larger sample sizes, however, are needed to evaluate the relationship between altered emotion processing and reduced memory in BCS in order to develop new treatment strategies.}, language = {en} } @article{WendtLoewWeymaretal.2017, author = {Wendt, Julia and Loew, Andreas and Weymar, Mathias and Lotze, Martin and Hamm, Alfons O.}, title = {Active avoidance and attentive freezing in the face of approaching threat}, series = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, volume = {158}, journal = {NeuroImage : a journal of brain function}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {San Diego}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.054}, pages = {196 -- 204}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Defensive behaviors in animals and humans vary dynamically with increasing proximity of a threat and depending upon the behavioral repertoire at hand. The current study investigated physiological and behavioral adjustments and associated brain activation when participants were exposed to dynamically approaching threat that was either inevitable or could be avoided by motor action. When the approaching threat was inevitable, attentive freezing was observed as indicated by fear bradycardia, startle potentiation, and a dynamic increase in activation of the anterior insula and the periaqueductal grey. In preparation for active avoidance a switch in defensive behavior was observed characterized by startle inhibition and heart rate acceleration along with potentiated activation of the amygdala and the periaqueductal grey. Importantly, the modulation of defensive behavior according to threat imminence and the behavioral option at hand was associated with activity changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These findings improve our understanding of brain mechanisms guiding human behavior during approaching threat depending on available resources.}, language = {en} } @misc{WirknerLowStrucketal.2017, author = {Wirkner, Janine and Low, Andreas and Struck, Anne-Marie and Hamm, Alfons O. and Weymar, Mathias}, title = {DOES AGE INFLUENCE BRAIN POTENTIALS DURING AFFECTIVE PICTURE PROCESSING IN MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN?}, series = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, volume = {54}, journal = {Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0048-5772}, pages = {S40 -- S40}, year = {2017}, language = {en} }