@article{RawelFreyMeidtneretal.2006, author = {Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Frey, Simone K. and Meidtner, Karina and Kroll, J{\"u}rgen and Schweigert, Florian J.}, title = {Determining the binding affinities of phenolic compounds to proteins by quenching of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence}, series = {Molecular nutrition \& food research : bioactivity, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, safety, technology}, volume = {50}, journal = {Molecular nutrition \& food research : bioactivity, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, safety, technology}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1613-4125}, doi = {10.1002/mnfr.200600013}, pages = {705 -- 713}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The noncovalent binding of selected phenolic compounds (chlorogenic-, ferutic-, gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, and isoquercetin) to proteins (HSA, BSA, soy glycinin, and lysozyme) was studied by an indirect method applying the quenching of intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. From the data obtained, the binding constants were calculated by nonlinear regression (one site binding; y = Bx/k + x). It has been reported that tannins inhibit human salivary amylase and that these complexes may reduce the development of cariogenic plaques. Further, amylase contains two tryptophan residues in its active site. Therefore, in a second part of the study involving 31 human subjects, evidence was sought for noncovalent interactions between the phenols of green tea and saliva proteins as measured by the fluorescence intensity. Amylase activity was determined before and after the addition of green tea to saliva of 31 subjects. Forty percent of the subjects showed an increase in amylase activity contrary to studies reporting only a decrease in activity. The interactions of tannin with amylase result in a decrease of its activity. It still remains to be elucidated why amylase does not react uniformly under conditions of applying green tea to saliva. Further, in terms of using phenols as caries inhibitors this finding should be of importance.}, language = {en} } @article{RohnPetzkeRaweletal.2006, author = {Rohn, Sascha and Petzke, Klaus-J{\"u}rgen and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Kroll, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Reactions of chlorogenic acid and quercetin with a soy protein isolate - Influence on the in vivo food protein quality in rats}, series = {Molecular nutrition \& food research : bioactivity, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, safety, technology}, volume = {50}, journal = {Molecular nutrition \& food research : bioactivity, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, safety, technology}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1613-4125}, doi = {10.1002/mnfr.200600043}, pages = {696 -- 704}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Plant phenolic compounds are known to interact with proteins producing changes in the food (e.g., biological value (BV), color, taste). Therefore, the in vivo relevance, especially, of covalent phenolprotein reactions on protein quality was studied in a rat bioassay. The rats were fed protein derivatives at a 10\% protein level. Soy proteins were derivatized with chlorogenic acid and quercetin (derivatization levels: 0.056 and 0.28 mmol phenolic compound/gram protein). Analysis of nitrogen in diets, urine, and fecal samples as well as the distribution of amino acids were determined. Depending on the degree of derivatization, the rats fed with soy protein derivatives showed an increased excretion of fecal and urinary nitrogen. As a result, true nitrogen digestibility, BV, and net protein utilization were adversely affected. Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score was decreased for lysine, tryptophan, and sulfur containing amino acids.}, language = {en} } @article{EggertRawelNikfardjametal.2006, author = {Eggert, Kai and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Nikfardjam, Martin S. Pour and Kroll, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Interactions between lysozyme and wine components}, series = {Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau : DLR}, volume = {102}, journal = {Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau : DLR}, number = {10}, publisher = {Behr}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0012-0413}, pages = {472 -- 478}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The addition of lysozyme amounting to 1000 mg/l wine does neither effect its total phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteu-Method), nor wine colour (measured by extinction at 512 nm) nor its antioxidative capacity (TEAC-Assay). No covalent binding of wine phenols to the enzyme was observed during lysozyme addition, although non-covalent interactions are possible. Lysozyme activity is not influenced by the presence of malvidin-3-glucoside and resveratrol in model experiments, whereas pH and ethanol content produce a corresponding alteration in lysozyme activity. With regard to red wine, a significant effect was noted in the presence of wine components.}, language = {de} } @article{GarciaRailaKoebnicketal.2006, author = {Garcia, Ada Lizbeth and Raila, Jens and Koebnick, Corinna and Eulenberger, Klaus and Schweigert, Florian J.}, title = {Great apes show highly selective plasma carotenoids and have physiologically high plasma retinyl esters compared to humans}, series = {American journal of physical anthropology}, volume = {131}, journal = {American journal of physical anthropology}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {0002-9483}, doi = {10.1002/ajpa.20428}, pages = {236 -- 242}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Great apes are the closest living relatives of humans. Physiological similarities between great apes and humans provide clues to identify which biological features in humans are primitive or derived from great apes. Vitamin A (VA) and carotenoid metabolism have been only partially studied in great apes, and comparisons between great apes and humans are not available. We aimed to investigate VA and carotenoid intake and plasma concentrations in great apes living in captivity, and to compare them to healthy humans. Dietary intakes of humans (n = 20) and, among the great apes, chimpanzees (n = 15) and orangutans (n = 5) were calculated. Plasma retinol (ROH), retinol-binding protein (RBP), retinyl esters, and major carotenoids were analyzed. The great ape diet was higher in VA than in humans, due to high intake of provitamin A carotenoids. Plasma ROH concentrations in great apes were similar to those in humans, but retinyl esters were higher in great apes than in humans. Differences in plasma carotenoid concentrations were observed between great apes and humans. Lutein was the main carotenoid in great apes, while P-carotene was the main carotenoid for humans. RBP concentrations did not differ between great apes and humans. The molar ratio of ROH to RBP was close to 1.0 in both great apes and humans. In conclusion, great apes show homeostatic ROH regulation, with high but physiological retinyl esters circulating in plasma. Furthermore, great apes show great selectivity in their plasmatic carotenoid concentration, which is not explained by dietary intake.}, language = {en} } @article{HoieSjoholmGuldstrandetal.2006, author = {Hoie, Lars H. and Sjoholm, Ake and Guldstrand, Marie and Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz and Lueder, Wolfgang and Graubaum, Hans-Joachim and Gr{\"u}nwald, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Ultra heat treatment destroys cholesterol-lowering effect of soy protein}, series = {International journal of food sciences and nutrition}, volume = {57}, journal = {International journal of food sciences and nutrition}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0963-7486}, doi = {10.1080/09637480601009059}, pages = {512 -- 519}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study was performed to investigate the dose-dependent response of serum cholesterol after consuming an ultra-heat-treated milk containing a soy protein preparation. Eighty hypercholesterolemic subjects were assigned to one of four study groups receiving 12.5 or 25 g soy protein (active treatment) or casein (placebo) daily over a period of 4 weeks. The trial substances were provided as ready-made, ultra-heated milk preparations. Before and after the treatment, serum concentrations of total, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined. Unexpectedly, at the end of the study, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased compared with baseline in all study groups. The magnitude of this increase (17 - 19\%) was similar in all active and placebo study groups. Soy protein supplements previously shown to be effective in reducing serum cholesterol had in this study no such lipid-lowering effect after ultra heat treatment.}, language = {en} } @article{SchweigertGerickeWolframetal.2006, author = {Schweigert, Florian J. and Gericke, Beate and Wolfram, Wiebke and Kaisers, Udo and Dudenhausen, Joachim W.}, title = {Peptide and protein profiles in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing IVF}, series = {Human reproduction}, volume = {21}, journal = {Human reproduction}, number = {11}, publisher = {Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0268-1161}, doi = {10.1093/humrep/del257}, pages = {2960 -- 2968}, year = {2006}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Proteins and peptides in human follicular fluid originate from plasma or are produced by follicular structures. Compositional changes reflect oocyte maturation and can be used as diagnostic markers. The aim of the study was to determine protein and peptide profiles in paired serum and follicular fluid samples from women undergoing IVF. METHODS: Surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) was used to obtain characteristic protein pattern. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six individual MS signals were obtained from a combination of enrichment on strong anion exchanger (110), weak cation exchanger (52) and normal phase surfaces (24). On the basis of molecular masses, isoelectric points and immunoreactivety, four signals were identified as haptoglobin (alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-chain), haptoglobin 1 and transthyretin (TTR). Immunological and MS characteristics of the TTR : retinol-binding protein (RBP) transport complex revealed no microheterogeneity differences between serum and follicular fluid. Discriminatory patterns arising from decision-tree-based classification and regression analysis distinguished between serum and follicular fluid with a sensitivity and specificity of 100\%. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative and qualitative differences indicate selective transport processes rather than mere filtration across the blood-follicle barrier. Identified proteins as well as characteristic peptide and/or protein signatures might emerge as potential candidates for diagnostic markers of follicle and/or oocyte maturation and thus oocyte quality.}, language = {en} } @article{GarciaSteinigerReichetal.2006, author = {Garcia, A. L. and Steiniger, J. and Reich, S. C. and Weickert, M. O. and Harsch, I. and Machowetz, A. and Mohlig, M. and Spranger, Joachim and Rudovich, N. N. and Meuser, F. and Doerfer, J. and Katz, N. and Speth, M. and Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz and Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. and Koebnick, Corinna}, title = {Arabinoxylan fibre consumption improved glucose metabolism, but did not affect serum adipokines in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance}, series = {Hormone and metabolic research}, volume = {38}, journal = {Hormone and metabolic research}, number = {2}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0018-5043}, doi = {10.1055/s-2006-955089}, pages = {761 -- 766}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The consumption of arabinoxylan, a soluble fibre fraction, has been shown to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects. Soluble dietary fibre may modulate gastrointestinal or adipose tissue hormones regulating food intake. The present study investigated the effects of arabinoxylan consumption on serum glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, adiponectin and resistin in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. In a randomized, single-blind, controlled, crossover intervention trial, 11 adults consumed white bread rolls as either placebo or supplemented with 15g arabinoxylan for 6 weeks with a 6-week washout period. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, unesterified fatty acids, apolipoprotein A1 and B, adiponectin, resistin and leptin were assessed before and after intervention. Fasting serum glucose, serum triglycerides and apolipoprotein A-1 were significantly lower during arabinoxylan consumption compared to placebo (p = 0.029, p = 0.047; p = 0.029, respectively). No effects of arabinoxylan were observed for insulin, adiponectin, leptin and resistin as well as for apolipoprotein B, and unesterified fatty acids. In conclusion, the consumption of AX in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance improved fasting serum glucose, and triglycerides. However, this beneficial effect was not accompanied by changes in fasting adipokine concentrations.}, language = {en} } @article{MoehligFloeterSprangeretal.2006, author = {Moehlig, M. and Floeter, A. and Spranger, Joachim and Weickert, Martin O. and Schill, T. and Schloesser, H. W. and Brabant, G. and Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. and Selbig, Joachim and Schoefl, C.}, title = {Predicting impaired glucose metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by decision tree modelling}, series = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)}, volume = {49}, journal = {Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0012-186X}, doi = {10.1007/s00125-006-0395-0}, pages = {2572 -- 2579}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Aims/hypothesis Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes. Screening for impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) with an OGTT has been recommended, but this is relatively time-consuming and inconvenient. Thus, a strategy that could minimise the need for an OGTT would be beneficial. Materials and methods Consecutive PCOS patients (n=118) with fasting glucose < 6.1 mmol/l were included in the study. Parameters derived from medical history, clinical examination and fasting blood samples were assessed by decision tree modelling for their ability to discriminate women with IGM (2-h OGTT value >= 7.8 mmol/l) from those with NGT. Results According to the OGTT results, 93 PCOS women had NGT and 25 had IGM. The best decision tree consisted of HOMA-IR, the proinsulin:insulin ratio, proinsulin, 17-OH progesterone and the ratio of luteinising hormone:follicle-stimulating hormone. This tree identified 69 women with NGT. The remaining 49 women included all women with IGM (100\% sensitivity, 74\% specificity to detect IGM). Pruning this tree to three levels still identified 53 women with NGT (100\% sensitivity, 57\% specificity to detect IGM). Restricting the data matrix used for tree modelling to medical history and clinical parameters produced a tree using BMI, waist circumference and WHR. Pruning this tree to two levels separated 27 women with NGT (100\% sensitivity, 29\% specificity to detect IGM). The validity of both trees was tested by a leave-10\%-out cross-validation. Conclusions/interpretation Decision trees are useful tools for separating PCOS women with NGT from those with IGM. They can be used for stratifying the metabolic screening of PCOS women, whereby the number of OGTTs can be markedly reduced.}, language = {en} } @article{RuferKulling2006, author = {Rufer, CE and Kulling, Sabine E.}, title = {Antioxidant activity of isoflavones and their major metabolites using different in vitro assays}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Isoflavone phytoestrogens found mainly in soybeans and clover are widely studied phytochemicals. Genistein and daidzein, the major isoflavones found in soy, have received the most attention. However, they undergo extensive metabolism in the intestine and the liver, which might affect their biological properties, e.g. their antioxidant capacities. Furthermore, the biological activities of other naturally occurring isoflavones, for instance, glycitein from soy or biochanin A from red clover, have not yet been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of six naturally occurring isoflavones and their corresponding oxidative and bacterial metabolites. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay as well as the in vitro oxidation of low density lipoproteins with the conjugated diene and the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances formation as end points were used. The oxidative metabolites of genistein and daidzein as well as equol exhibited the highest antioxidant activities in all three assays. With few exceptions, they were more effective than the positive controls quercetin and ascorbic acid. Formononetin, the 4'-O-methyl ether of daidzein, showed the lowest antioxidant property. Because the antioxidant efficacy of isoflavones as effective antioxidants is evident at concentrations well within the range found in the plasma of subjects consuming soy products, this biological activity could be of physiological relevance}, language = {en} } @article{KrollRawel2006, author = {Kroll, J{\"u}rgen and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal}, title = {Die Sojabohne : Inhalsstoffe und deren Lebensmittelchemische und ern{\"a}hrungsphysiologische Bedeutung}, issn = {0012-0431}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The soy bean contains besides comparatively large amounts of nutritionally and physiologically valuable proteins and lipids, also a series of other minor components termed as secondary plant metabolites. In this respect most of the research focus has been directed to the group of isoflavones. Epidemiological studies as well as model and animal experiments document that the consumption of soy products/-components is accompanied by many postive physiological effects, which are discussed shortly in this paper}, language = {de} } @article{FleschhutKratzerRechkemmeretal.2006, author = {Fleschhut, Jens and Kratzer, Frank and Rechkemmer, Gerhard and Kulling, Sabine E.}, title = {Stability and biotransformation of various dietary anthocyanins in vitro}, issn = {1436-6207}, doi = {10.1007/s00394-005-0557-8}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Background Anthocyanins, which are found in high concentrations in fruit and vegetable, may play a beneficial role in retarding or reversing the course of chronic degenerative diseases. However, little is known about the biotransformation and the metabolism of anthocyanins so far. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to investigate possible transformation pathways of anthocyanins by human faecal microflora and by rat liver microsomes as a source of cytochrome P450 enzymes as well as of glucuronyltransferases. Methods Pure anthocyanins, an aqueous extract of red radish as well as the assumed degradation products were incubated with human faecal suspension. The incubation mixtures were purified by solid-phase extraction and analysed by HPLC/DAD/MS and GC/MS. Quantification was done by the external standard method. Furthermore the biotransformation of anthocyanins by incubation with rat liver microsomes in the presence of the cofactor NADPH (as a model for the phase I oxidation) and in the presence of activated glucuronic acid (as a model for the phase II glucuronidation) was investigated. Results Glycosylated and acylated anthocyanins were rapidly degraded by the intestinal microflora after anaerobic incubation with a human faecal suspension. The major stable products of anthocyanin degradation are the corresponding phenolic acids derived from the B-ring of the anthocyanin skeleton. Anthocyanins were not metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzymes, neither hydroxylated nor demethylated. However they were glucuronidated by rat liver microsomes to several products. Conclusions The gut microflora seem to play an important role in the biotransformation of anthocyanins. A rapid degradation could be one major reason for the poor bioavailability of anthocyanins in pharmacokinetic studies described so far in the literature. The formation of phenolic acids as the major stable degradation products gives an important hint to the fate of anthocyanins in vivo}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Winnig2006, author = {Winnig, Marcel}, title = {Struktur-Wirkungsbeziehungen der S{\"u}ßgeschmachsrezeptoren des Menschen und der Ratte}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {VII, 121 Bl.}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Sommer2006, author = {Sommer, Yasmin}, title = {5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural: Sulfokonjugation und ihre Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Genotoxizit{\"a}t}, pages = {108 Bl. : Ill., graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{SimchenKoebnickHoyeretal.2006, author = {Simchen, U and Koebnick, Corinna and Hoyer, Stephan W. and Issanchou, S and Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz}, title = {Odour and taste sensitivity is associated with body weight and extent of misreporting of body weight}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Background: Sensory factors are important determinants of appetite and food choices but little is known about the relationship between body weight and sensory capabilities. Objective: To investigate the relationship between measured body weights, misreporting of body weight and sensory capabilities. Design: In a cross-sectional sensory study, body weight was assessed by measured and self-reported body weight in healthy men ( n = 130) and women ( n = 181). Sensory capabilities were assessed as odour detection and identification, and detection for salty, sweet, sour and bitter taste. Results: Odour detection, odour identification and taste perception scores were lower in subjects with a BMI >= 28 kg/m(2) than in subjects with a BMI < 28 kg/m(2) in the age group < 65 years whereas in subjects >= 65 years scores were higher in subjects with a BMI >= 28 kg/m(2) than in subjects with a BMI < 28 kg/m(2) ( BMI*age group: P = 0.015, 0.053 and 0.015, respectively). Independent of age, scores were highest in under reporters of body weight ( P = 0.008, 0.001 and 0.017). Differences in taste perception could be attributed to sour ( P 0.015) and bitter ( P = 0.026) perception, but not to salty or sweet perception. Conclusion: Relationship between sensory capabilities and body mass is age dependent. Compared to overweight subjects, the sensory capabilities of normal weight individuals appear to be higher ( < 65 years) and lower ( >= 65 years). At any age, however, subjects who under reported their body weight show higher sensory capabilities}, language = {en} } @article{GarciaWagnerEinigetal.2006, author = {Garcia, Ada and Wagner, Karen and Einig, Christiana and Trippo, Ulrike and Koebnick, Corinna and Zunft, Hans-Joachim Franz}, title = {Evaluation of body fat changes during weight loss by using improved anthropometric predictive equations}, issn = {0250-6807}, doi = {10.1159/000092601}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Background/Aim: Skinfold-based equations are widely used to evaluate body fat (BF), but over-/underestimation is often reported. We evaluate the capacity of improved skinfold-based equations to estimate BF changes during weight reduction and compare them against well-established equations. Methods: Overweight adults (n = 44) participated in a 4- month weight reduction intervention. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and after intervention. The BF\% was calculated using Garcia, Peterson, and Durnin and Womersley (DW) equations. Results: Baseline and postintervention BF\% measured by DXA correlated highest with BF\% predicted according to Garcia (r = 0.934 and r = 0.948, respectively), followed by Peterson (r = 0.941 and r = 0.932, respectively) and DW (r = 0.557 and r = 0.402, respectively); only a slight systematic error in overestimating the BF\% was observed in estimates according to Garcia (r = 0.147 and r = 0.104, respectively; p < 0.001), while increasing errors occurred using the Peterson (r = 0.624 and r = 0.712, respectively; p < 0.001) and DW (r = 0.767 and r = 0.769, respectively; p < 0.001) equations. Moderate correlations between BF changes (kg) measured by DXA and predicted by DW (r = 0.7211), Peterson (r = 0.697), and Garcia (r = 0.645) were observed. Conclusion: Improved skin-fold equations cannot accurately measure changes in BF after weight reduction}, language = {en} } @article{AndertSanchaisuriyaSanchaisuriyaetal.2006, author = {Andert, Christoph U. and Sanchaisuriya, Pattara and Sanchaisuriya, Kanokwan and Schelp, Frank P. and Schweigert, Florian J.}, title = {Nutritional status of pregnant women in Northeast Thailand}, issn = {0964-7058}, year = {2006}, abstract = {A comparative study on the nutritional status of primiparous and multiparous women in the first trimester of pregnancy was conducted in the northeastern province of Thailand, Khon Kaen, to investigate differences in protein- energy-mal nutrition, iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin A deficiency and carotenoid status between both parity groups. 94 subjects were recruited at first attendance of antenatal clinic. Data about weight, height, haemoglobin and haematocrit were obtained from hospital records. Anthropometric measurements of mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold were done on a sub sample. Retinol, carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol were analysed using a reversed-phase high- performance liquid chromatography method. Ferritin, transthyretin and retinol-binding protein were determined by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Primiparous women showed lower body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, corrected arm muscle area (P <0.001) as well as lower retinol, cholesterol and triceps skinfold (P <0.05). After adjusting for age and socio-economical status the significant difference persisted for all parameters but triceps skinfold. No significant differences of alpha-tocopherol, serum proteins, carotenoids and iron indices could be observed, even though a tendency to higher values for ferritin, haemoglobin and haematocrit was shown in multiparous women. Prevalence of protein-energy- malnutrition (body mass index <18.5 kg/m(2)) in the primiparous group was significantly higher compared to the multiparous group (P<0.05). Prevalence of protein-energy-malnutrition, iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin A deficiency were 15.1\%, 6.3\% and 3.3\%, respectively, in the total study population. No differences between parity groups could be observed for prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin A deficiency}, language = {en} } @article{MenendezRawelSchwarzenbolzetal.2006, author = {Menendez, Orquidea and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Schwarzenbolz, Uwe and Henle, Thomas}, title = {Structural changes of microbial transglutaminase during thermal and high-pressure treatment}, doi = {10.1021/Jf0522863}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The activity of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) and the corresponding secondary structure, measured by circular dichroism (CID), was analyzed before and after treatment at different temperatures (40 and 80 degrees C) and pressures (0.1, 200, 400, 600 MPa). Irreversible enzyme inactivation was achieved after 2 min at 80 degrees C and 0.1 MPa. Enzyme inactivation at 0.1, 200, 400, and 600 MPa and 40 degrees C followed first-order kinetics. The enzyme showed residual activity of 50\% after 12 min at 600 MPa and 40 degrees C. Mobility of aromatic side chains of the enzyme molecule was observed in all temperature- and/or pressure-treated samples; however, high-pressure treatment at 600 MPa induced a loss of tertiary structure and a significant decrease in the alpha-helix content. The relative content of beta- strand substructures was significantly increased after 30 min at 600 MPa and 40 degrees C or 2 min at 0.1 MPa and 80 degrees C. We conclude that the active center of MTG, which is located in an expanded 8-strand domain, is resistant to high hydrostatic pressure and pressure-induced inactivation is caused by destruction of cc-helix elements with a corresponding influence on the enzyme stability in solution}, language = {en} } @article{HerbstFuchsTeubneretal.2006, author = {Herbst, Uta and Fuchs, Iris Judith and Teubner, Wera and Steinberg, Pablo}, title = {Malignant transformation of human colon epithelial cells by benzo[c]phenanthrene dihydrodiolepoxides as well as 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine}, issn = {0041-008X}, doi = {10.1016/j.taap.2005.07.016}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) ingested with food have repeatedly been suggested to be involved in the malignant transformation of colon epithelial cells. In order to test this hypothesis, HCEC cells (SV40 large T antigen-immortalized human colon epithelial cells) were incubated with a racemic mixture of benzo[c]phenanthrene dihydrodiol epoxides (B[c]PhDE), extremely potent carcinogenic PAH metabolites in vivo, or with 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP), the N-hydroxylated metabolite of the most abundant HCA in cooked meat. First, it was shown that HCEC cells express sulfotransferase 1A1, which is needed to metabolize N-OH-PhIP to the corresponding N-sulfonyloxy derivative, the direct precursor molecule of genotoxic nitrenium ions. Thereafter, exponentially growing HCEC cells were exposed five times to 0.1 mu g (0.37 nmol) B[c]PhDE/ml for 30 min or 0.72 mu g (3 mnol) N-OH-PhTP/ml for 24 h. Chemically treated HCEC cells showed an enhanced saturation density and grew faster than the corresponding solvent-treated cell cultures. After five treatment cycles, HCECB[c]PhDE as well as HCECN-OH-PhIP cells lost cell-cell contact inhibition and started piling up and forming foci in the culture flasks. Furthermore, HCECB[c]phDE and HCECN-OH-PhIP cells were injected i.m. into SCID mice. Within 6 weeks after injection, eight animals out of eight injected with HCECB[c]phDE or HCECN-OH-PhIP cells developed tumors at the site of injection, thus demonstrating the high tumorigenic potential of the HCECB[c]PhDE and HCECN-OH-PhIP cell cultures. Taken together, we show for the first time that the abovementioned active PAH metabolites as well as N-OH-PhIP are indeed able to malignantly transform human colon epithelial cells in vitro.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Carlo2006, author = {Carlo, Anne-Sophie}, title = {Ontogeny of leptin signalling in the rat hypothalamus: Evidence for selective leptin insensitivity}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {97 S. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{RuhlFritzscheVermotetal.2006, author = {Ruhl, R. and Fritzsche, Britta and Vermot, J. and Niederreither, K. and Neumann, U. and Schmidt, A. and Schweigert, Florian J. and Dolle, P.}, title = {Regulation of expression of the retinoic acid-synthesising enzymes retinaldehyde dehydrogenases in the uteri of ovariectomised mice after treatment with oestrogen, gestagen and their combination}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The active metabolite of vitaminA, retinoic acid (RA), plays an important role in the female reproductive system. The synthesis of RA is tightly regulated by the activity of retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (Raldh). Among these, Raldh1 and Raldh2 exhibit specific temporal and spatial expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. In the present study, we have assessed whether oestradiol and progesterone directly influence the uterine expression of Raldh1 and Raldh2 in ovariectomised mice. We investigated the effect of gestagen (promegestone 0.3 mg kg(-1) bodyweight), oestrogen (oestradiol 3 mu g kg(-1) bodyweight) and their combination on the uterine expression of Raldh2. Expression was analysed using in situ hybridisation and quantified using real-time detection reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results show that the expression of Raldh2 is rapidly (within 1-4 h) induced in stromal cells by oestrogen, but not by gestagen, treatment, whereas combined oestrogen + gestagen treatment leads to a more prolonged (48 h) response. In contrast, oestrogen, but not progesterone, treatment downregulates (within 4 - 24 h) Raldh1 expression in the uterine glandular epithelium. We conclude that the uterine RA concentrations are regulated by oestrogens via an effect on the expression of the Raldh synthesising enzymes. Such a regulation is consistent with the natural fluctuations of Raldh expression during the oestrous cycle, early pregnancy and blastocyst implantation}, language = {en} } @article{ForterreRailaForterreetal.2006, author = {Forterre, Simone and Raila, Jens and Forterre, Franck and Brunnberg, Leo and Schweigert, Florian J.}, title = {Characterisation of transthyretin and retinol-binding protein in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of dogs}, issn = {1090-0233}, doi = {10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.11.017}, year = {2006}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate differences in concentrations of vitamin A, transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in dogs. RBP was detected using ELISA, and both RBP and TTR by Western blot analysis after separation on SDS-PAGE. Vitamin A was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. RBP and TTR as well as vitamin A were detected in all samples but at substantially lower concentrations in CSF compared to plasma. RBP in dog plasma showed a similar molecular mass to that of humans, whereas canine TTR had a lower molecular mass. Comparison between plasma and CSF showed that both RBP and TTR were of lower molecular mass in CSF. In CSF, RBP and retinol were present at 10-100-fold lower concentrations compared to plasma. Retinyl esters were present only in minute amounts in 5/17 samples. In conclusion, the CSF of dogs compared to humans is significantly different in terms of both quality and quantity of transport proteins for vitamin A.}, language = {en} } @article{RuferGlattKulling2006, author = {Rufer, CE and Glatt, Hansruedi and Kulling, Sabine E.}, title = {Structural elucidation of hydroxylated metabolites of the isoflavan equol by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry}, doi = {10.1124/dmd.105.004929}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Equol has, as have other isoflavonoids, recently gained considerable interest due to its possible health effects. However, detailed studies on the metabolism of equol are scarce. Therefore, we investigated the phase I metabolism of equol using liver microsomes from Aroclor-treated male Wistar rats as well as from a male human. The identification of the metabolites formed was elucidated using high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) with diode array detection, HPLC/atmospheric pressure ionization electrospray mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, as well as reference compounds. ( +/-)-Equol was converted to 11 metabolites by the liver microsomes from Aroclorpretreated rats comprising three aromatic monohydroxylated and four aliphatic monohydroxylated as well as four dihydroxylated products. The main metabolite was identified as 3'-hydroxy-equol. Using human liver microsomes, equol was converted to six metabolites with 3'-hydroxy- and 6-hydroxy-equol as main products. Furthermore, the aliphatic hydroxylated metabolite 4-hydroxyequol, which was recently detected in human urine after soy consumption, was formed. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that phase I metabolism of equol is part of a complex biotransformation of the soy isoflavone daidzein in humans in vivo}, language = {en} } @article{KochBrovkinaRuehletal.2006, author = {Koch, Christin and Brovkina, Lioudmila and R{\"u}hl, Ralph and Worm, Margitta}, title = {Immunomodulation by dietary n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in vitro}, issn = {0091-6749}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{ForterreRailaKohnetal.2006, author = {Forterre, Simone and Raila, Jens and Kohn, Barbara and Brunnberg, Leo and Schweigert, Florian J.}, title = {Protein profiling of organic stone matrix and urine from dogs with urolithiasis}, issn = {0931-2439}, doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00590.x}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Two-thirds of the organic matrix in urinary stones consists of proteins. Their relationship to calculogenesis remains controversial with regard to their effect as inhibitors or promoters during stone formation. The purpose of the present study was to determine the differences in peptide and protein pattern between the urine of stone formers (n = 23) and control dogs (n = 12), as well as between organic matrix of different urinary stones (struvite n = 11, calcium oxalate n = 8, uric acid n = 4) using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Specific differences in protein and peptide profiles were found in the organic matrix of different mineral compositions. Characteristic differences were also found in urinary peptide and protein pattern especially in molecular masses below 20 kDa between affected and healthy dogs. Based on the obtained molecular masses they were in some cases tentatively identified as proteins that are known to be involved in stone formation in humans. The study shows that in dogs, specific-urinary peptides and proteins might be associated with urolithiasis. It indicates the importance to further characterize those proteins for possible diagnostic purposes in prognosis and therapy}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Clavel2006, author = {Clavel, Thomas}, title = {Metabolism of the dietary lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside by human intestinal bacteria}, publisher = {Logos-Verl.}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {3-8325-1192-X}, pages = {vii, 65 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mohan2006, author = {Mohan, Ruchika}, title = {Microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of preterm infants: Microbial diversity and new ways of prevention of infections}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {VII, 102 Bl. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mueller2006, author = {M{\"u}ller, Susanne}, title = {Einfluss von Alter und Ern{\"a}hrung auf die Zusammensetzung der intestinalen Mikrobiota und auf ausgew{\"a}hlte Parameter der Darmfunktion bei vier europ{\"a}ischen Studiengruppen (Querschnittstudie)}, address = {Potsdam}, pages = {IX, 113 Bl. : graph. Darst.}, year = {2006}, language = {de} } @article{RaukKotzevLaschewskyetal.2006, author = {Rauk, Erika and Kotzev, Anton and Laschewsky, Andr{\´e} and Palmer, Christopher P.}, title = {Cationic and perfluorinated polymeric pseudostationary phases for electrokinetic chromatography}, issn = {0021-9673}, doi = {10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.114}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Separation selectivity in electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) is directly affected by the chemistry and solvent characteristics of the pseudostationary phase (PSP). The chemical selectivity of micellar PSPs has been previously demonstrated to vary significantly between anionic and cationic surfactants as well as between hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants. Polymeric PSPs have also been demonstrated to provide unique selectivity. In the current study, four cationic polymeric pseudo-stationary phases, two of which have perfluorinated pendant groups, are introduced and characterized as PSPs in EKC. Their performance and selectivity is compared to conventional micellar PSPs with similar structure. The solvation characteristics and selectivity of the four polymers most closely resemble those observed for cationic micelles. The polymers are all more cohesive and more polar than their hydrocarbon micellar counterparts. The fluorocarbon PSPs did show preferential interaction with fluorocarbon solutes, were somewhat more cohesive, and were stronger hydrogen bond donors. However, the presence of fluorocarbon moieties did not have as dramatic an effect on selectivity as was observed and published previously for fluorocarbon micelles. This may result from the selectivity being dominated by the presence of the cationic head groups or from the fluorocarbon character of the pendant groups being moderated by the presence of hydrocarbon functionality on the polymer back-bones.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Fuchs2006, author = {Fuchs, Iris Judith}, title = {Untersuchungen zur chemischen Transformation von intestinalen Epithelzellen der Ratte und des Menschen durch 2-Hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridin}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11807}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Die Zahl der Kolonkarzinome in den westlichen Industriel{\"a}ndern steigt in den letzten Jahren stetig an. Zu den Verbindungen, die mit der Zubereitung der Nahrung entstehen, mit ihr aufgenommen werden und die Kolonkanzerogenese m{\"o}glicherweise beg{\"u}nstigen, geh{\"o}rt das heterozyklische aromatische PhIP, das bei der Erhitzung proteinreicher Nahrungsmittel entsteht. Neben zahlreichen F{\"u}tterungsversuchen an Nagern existieren auch Zellkulturmodelle zur Untersuchung der molekularen Mechanismen der PhIP-induzierten Kolonkanzerogenese. Die chemische Transformation von Zellen sollte durch wiederholte Exposition gegen{\"u}ber dem hydroxylierten Metaboliten des Kanzerogens (N2-OH-PhIP) erzielt werden. Es wurden IEC-18-Zellen der Ratte und HCEC-Zellen des Menschen zur Untersuchung verwendet. Die Behandlung der IEC-18-Zellen f{\"u}hrt nach 25 Behandlungszyklen mit Konzentrationen von 5 bis 20 µM nicht zur Transformation der Zellen. Die Anwesenheit von N2-OH-PhIP f{\"u}hrt zu einer zehnfach erh{\"o}hten Induktion der GST-Aktivit{\"a}t, insbesondere der Untereinheiten GST-A1, -A3, -Pi und -T2, die f{\"u}r die effiziente Detoxifizierung des N-Acetoxy-Metaboliten vom N2-OH-PhIP verantwortlich sind. Bereits nach drei Behandlungen mit 1,5 µM N2-OH-PhIP konnte eine maligne Transformation der HCEC-Zellen erzielt werden. Die Zellen zeigten die charakteristischen Zeichen der Transformation: ver{\"a}nderte Wachstumseigenschaften wie klonales dreidimensionales Zellwachstum („pilling up"), Hemmung der Zell-Zell-Kontaktinhibierung, verk{\"u}rzte Populationsverdopplungszeiten und tumorigene und metastasierende Eigenschaften. Außerdem exprimierten die N2-OH-PhIP-exponierten humanen Kolonzellen mit steigender Anzahl der Behandlungen gr{\"o}ßere Mengen des trunkierten APC-Proteins. Die bekannten PhIP-spezifischen Mutationen im APC-Gen resultieren in der Expression eines trunkierten Proteinproduktes und werden als fr{\"u}he Ereignisse in der Kolonkanzerogenese betrachtet. Die zusammenfassende Betrachtung aller Ergebnisse zeigt, dass die IEC-18-Zelllinie zur chemischen Transformation durch N2-OH-PhIP ungeeignet ist. Dagegen wurde erstmalig eine vollst{\"a}ndige chemische Transformation von Humandickdarmepithelzellen in vitro durch Exposition der humanen Kolonepithelzelllinie HCEC gegen{\"u}ber dem Kolonkarzinogen N2-OH-PhIP erzielt.}, subject = {maligne Transformation}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Machowetz2006, author = {Machowetz, Anja}, title = {Untersuchung kardioprotektiver Wirkungen des Oliven{\"o}les und seiner phenolischen Komponenten in einer Gruppe gesunder deutscher M{\"a}nner}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10432}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {"Untersuchung kardioprotektiver Wirkungen des Oliven{\"o}les und seiner phenolischen Komponenten in einer Gruppe gesunder deutscher M{\"a}nner" EINLEITUNG: Epidemiologische Daten belegen, dass die mediterrane Ern{\"a}hrung mit einer niedrigen Inzidenz an mit oxidativen Stress assoziierten kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Erkrankungen einhergeht. Dabei wird vor allem dem Oliven{\"o}l, als Hauptfettlieferant in der mediterranen Ern{\"a}hrung, eine kardioprotektive Wirkung zugesprochen. Oliven{\"o}l zeichnet sich neben dem hohen Gehalt an einfach unges{\"a}ttigten Fetts{\"a}uren (MUFA) durch ein reichhaltiges Spektrum an phenolischen Verbindungen aus, deren antioxidative Wirkung bereits zahlreichen in in vitro Studien beschrieben wurde. Demnach k{\"o}nnte der Verzehr von phenolreichem Oliven{\"o}l auch in vivo vor oxidativen Sch{\"a}digungen sch{\"u}tzen und somit das Risiko f{\"u}r kardiovaskul{\"a}re Erkrankungen senken. ZIELSTELLUNG: Untersuchung der kardioprotektiven Wirkung von Oliven{\"o}l und seiner phenolischen Komponenten in einer Gruppe gesunder deutscher M{\"a}nner. METHODE: Dazu wurde eine randomisierte cross-over doppelt-verblindete Interventionsstudie an 70 gesunden M{\"a}nnern zwischen 20 - 60 Jahren im Raum Berlin-Brandenburg durchgef{\"u}hrt. In jeweils drei dreiw{\"o}chigen Interventionsphasen konsumierten die Probanden t{\"a}glich 25 ml natives (phenolreich), gemischtes (mittlerer Phenolgehalt) und raffiniertes (ann{\"a}hernd phenolfrei) Oliven{\"o}l, was sich ausschließlich im Gehalt an phenolischen Verbindungen unterschied. Das Oliven{\"o}l sollte dabei die gew{\"o}hnlich verzehrten Fette ersetzen. Die Interventionsphasen waren durch zweiw{\"o}chige Wash out-Phasen unterbrochen. Die Erhebung der Blutlipide, Biomarker der Lipidperoxidation und endogene Antioxidantien erfolgte zu Studienbeginn sowie zu Beginn und Ende jeder Verzehrsperiode.ERGEBNISSE: Bei den Blutlipiden sowie den Biomarkern der Lipidperoxidation und den endogenen Antioxidantien konnte keine signifikante Ver{\"a}nderung in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Phenolgehalt der applizierten Oliven{\"o}le nachgewiesen werden. Einzig die Glutathion-Reduktase-Aktivit{\"a}t stieg mit zunehmendem Gehalt an phenolischen Verbindungen (pTrend = 0,041). Unabh{\"a}ngig von der Konzentration der Phenole im Oliven{\"o}l wurde bei den Probanden durch den Oliven{\"o}lverzehr eine Senkung von Gesamtcholesterol (p = 0,007) und Triglyzeride (p = 0,013) im Serum erzielt. Diese Wirkung geht einher mit einem gestiegenen MUFA-Anteil in der Ern{\"a}hrung aufgrund des Oliven{\"o}lkonsums (p < 0,001). SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Die Hypothese, dass die Phenole im Oliven{\"o}l aufgrund ihrer in in vitro und Tierstudien beschriebenen antioxidativen Wirkung dem Oliven{\"o}l neben dem einzigartigen Fetts{\"a}ureprofil eine zus{\"a}tzliche kardioprotektive Wirkung bescheren, konnte in der vorliegenden Studie nicht gezeigt werden. Dennoch konnte durch den Oliven{\"o}lverzehr und der damit einhergehenden Erh{\"o}hung des MUFA-Anteils in der Ern{\"a}hrung eine vorteilhafte Beeinflussung der Blutlipide erzielt werden. Obgleich Oliven{\"o}l nicht das vorwiegend verzehrte Fett in Deutschland darstellt, zeigten die befragten Probanden eine hohe Akzeptanz. Folglich k{\"o}nnte die Integration von Oliven{\"o}l in die habituelle Ern{\"a}hrung einen Beitrag zur Senkung des kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Erkrankungsrisikos leisten.}, subject = {Oliven{\"o}l}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kluth2006, author = {Kluth, Dirk}, title = {Vom Antioxidanz zum Genregulator : transkriptionelle Regulation von Phase I- und Phase II-Enzymen durch Vitamin E und antioxidative sekund{\"a}re Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10060}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Nahrungsinhaltsstoffe sind im Organismus an Steuerungsprozessen und Stoffwechselvorg{\"a}ngen beteiligt, wobei die Mechanismen ihrer Wirkung noch nicht v{\"o}llig aufgekl{\"a}rt sind. Wie Vitamin E zeigen auch sekund{\"a}re Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe in Zellsystemen sowie in vivo eine Reihe biologischer Wirkungen, deren Erkl{\"a}rung jedoch h{\"a}ufig auf ihre antioxidative Eigenschaft reduziert wird. Ziel der Dissertation war es, den Einfluss von Vitamin E und anderen Pflanzeninhaltsstoffen (in Form von Pflanzenextrakten oder isolierten sekund{\"a}ren Pflanzeninhaltsstoffen, z.B. Polyphenole), die bisher alle haupts{\"a}chlich als Antioxidanz klassifiziert wurden, auf die transkriptionelle Regulation von Phase I- und Phase II-Enzymen zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde die Aktivierung des PXR (pregnane X receptor) und des Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor-2) als zentrale Transkriptionsfaktoren der Phase I- bzw. Phase II-Enzyme getestet. Der Einfluss von verschiedenen Vitamin E-Formen und antioxidativen Pflanzeninhaltsstoffen in Form von Reinsubstanzen (Curcumin, EGCG, Medox, Quercetin, Resveratrol und Sulforaphan) oder Pflanzenextrakten (aus Blaubeeren, Gew{\"u}rznelken, Himbeeren, Nelkenpfeffer, Thymian oder Waln{\"u}ssen) auf die Aktivierung von PXR und Nrf2 sowie des Promotors eines jeweiligen Zielgens (CYP3A4 bzw. GI-GPx) wurde in vitro mit Reportergenplasmiden untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass sowohl Vitamin E-Formen als auch verschiedene sekund{\"a}re Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe PXR und/oder Nrf2 sowie die Promotoren der jeweiligen Zielgene CYP3A4 bzw. GI-GPx aktivieren. In einem Tierexperiment konnte diese genregulatorische Wirkung von Vitamin E auf die in vivo-Situation {\"u}bertragen werden. In Lebern von M{\"a}usen, deren Futter unterschiedliche Mengen von Vitamin E enthielt (Mangel-, Normal- und {\"U}berflussdi{\"a}t), wurde eine direkte Korrelation zwischen der alpha-Tocopherol-Konzentration und der Cyp3a11 mRNA-Expression nachgewiesen (Cyp3a11 ist das murine Homolog zum humanen CYP3A4). Entgegen der in vitro-Situation hatte gamma-Tocotrienol in vivo einen nur kaum nachweisbaren Effekt auf die Expression der Cyp3a11 mRNA, induzierte aber die Expression der alpha-TTP mRNA. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Vitamin E und sekund{\"a}re Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe Phase I- und Phase II-Enzyme transkriptionell regulieren k{\"o}nnen. Die Wirkungen des Vitamin E k{\"o}nnen sich allerdings nur entfalten, wenn die Vitamin E-Formen ausreichend vom K{\"o}rper aufgenommen werden. Gegenstand der Dissertation waren daher auch Untersuchungen zur Bioverf{\"u}gbarkeit (zellul{\"a}re Akkumulation und Metabolismus) verschiedener Vitamin E-Formen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Unterschiede in der chemischen Struktur der Vitamin E-Formen deren zellul{\"a}re Akkumulation und Metabolisierung beeinflussen. Unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Ergebnisse der Dissertation lassen sich protektive Wirkungen von antioxidativen Nahrungsinhaltsstoffen auch unabh{\"a}ngig von ihren antioxidativen Eigenschaften {\"u}ber die Induktion zelleigener Schutzsysteme, einschließlich der Phase I- und Phase II-Enzyme, erkl{\"a}ren. Die Induktion der zelleigenen Abwehr l{\"a}sst sich auch als adaptive Antwort (sog. "adaptive response") des Organismus gegen{\"u}ber zellsch{\"a}digenden Ereignissen betrachten.}, subject = {Vitamin E}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Jurrmann2006, author = {Jurrmann, Nadine}, title = {Die Hemmung der Bildung des Interleukin-1-Rezeptorkomplexes als redoxregulierter antiinflammatorischer Mechanismus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-7584}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Das proinflammatorische Zytokin Interleukin-1 (IL-1) spielt eine zentrale Rolle bei Entz{\"u}ndungen und Infektionen. Die zellul{\"a}ren Antworten von IL-1 werden {\"u}ber den IL-1-Rezeptor Typ I (IL-1RI) vermittelt. Adapterproteine und die IL-1RI-assoziierte Kinase IRAK werden nach Ligandenbindung an den Rezeptor rekrutiert. Nach ihrer Phosphorylierung dissoziiert die IRAK vom IL-1RI-Komplex und aktiviert weitere Kinasen, was letztendlich zur Aktivierung von NF-κB und zur Induktion der Transkription von Genen f{\"u}hrt. F{\"u}r eine ad{\"a}quate Immunantwort ist ein intrazellul{\"a}rer reduzierter Status von Proteinthiolen essentiell. Vorausgegangene Untersuchungen an der murinen Thymomzelllinie EL-4 zeigten, dass die IL-1-Signalkaskade durch thiolmodifizierende Substanzen wie Menadion (MD) oder Phenylarsinoxid (PAO) gehemmt wird. Eine IL-1-abh{\"a}ngige Aktivierung von IL-1RI-assoziierte Kinasen oder NF-κB fand nicht mehr statt. Ziele dieser Arbeit waren: (i) m{\"o}gliche Proteine, die f{\"u}r den Angriff von thiolmodifizierenden Agenzien ein Ziel sein k{\"o}nnten, zu identifizieren und (ii) den Einfluss nahrungsrelevanter und redoxaktiver Substanzen auf fr{\"u}he Ereignisse der IL-1-Signaltransduktion wie der Bildung des IL-1RI-Komplexes zu untersuchen. Als Zellmodell wurden EL-4-Zellen mit stabil {\"u}berexprimierter IRAK (EL-4IRAK) verwendet. Um die Bildung des IL-1RI-Komplexes, anschließende Phosphorylierungsereignisse und somit Kinase-Aktivit{\"a}ten nachzuweisen, wurden Co-Pr{\"a}zipitations-Experimente und in vitro Kinase Tests durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Markierung von Proteinthiolen erfolgte mit dem thiolspezifischen Reagenz Iodoacetyl-[125I]-Iodotyrosin ([125I]-IAIT). Die Vorbehandlung von EL-4IRAK-Zellen mit MD oder PAO f{\"u}hrte zu einer Hemmung der Rekrutierung der IRAK an den IL-1RI und der anschließenden Phosphorylierungen. Zur Identifikation weiterer IL-1RI-assoziierter Proteine wurden IL-1RI-Immunpr{\"a}zipitate zweidimensional aufgetrennt, Colloidal-Coomassie gef{\"a}rbte Proteinspots ausgeschnitten und anschließend massenspektrometrisch mittels ESI-Q-TOF analysiert. Bei der Analyse wurden Proteine des Cytoskeletts wie z. B. Actin identifiziert. In Analogie zu den synthetischen Substanzen MD und PAO wurden nahrungsrelevante und redoxaktive Substanzen wie Curcumin (Gelbwurz) und Sulforaphan (Broccoli) eingesetzt, um zu untersuchen, ob sie bereits fr{\"u}h die IL-1-Signaltransduktion beeinflussen. Bislang sind antiinflammatorische Effekte dieser beiden Nahrungsinhaltsstoffe nur auf der Ebene der Zytokin-vermittelten Aktivierung von NF-κB beschrieben. Sowohl Curcumin als auch Sulforaphan blockierten konzentrationsabh{\"a}ngig die Assoziation der IRAK an den IL-1RI in EL-4IRAK-Zellen, wobei beide Substanzen unterschiedlich wirkten. Curcumin beeinflusste die IRAK-Aktivierung durch direkte Modifikation von Thiolen der IRAK ohne die Bindung von IL-1 mit dem IL-1RI zu beeintr{\"a}chtigen. Sulforaphan hingegen induzierte auf mRNA- und Proteinebene die Expression von Tollip, welches durch PCR bzw. Western Blot nachgewiesen wurde. Tollip, ein negativer Regulator in TLR/IL-1RI-Signalkaskaden, k{\"o}nnte somit nach Induktion die IRAK-Aktivierung unterdr{\"u}cken. Die Sulforaphan-abh{\"a}ngige Induktion der Tollip-Expression erfolgte jedoch nicht {\"u}ber Nrf2 und "antioxidant response element" (ARE)-regulierte Transkription, obwohl Sulforaphan ein bekannter Nrf2-Aktivator ist. Diese Ergebnisse veranschaulichen, dass die IRAK ein redoxsensitives Protein ist und f{\"u}r die Bildung des IL-1RI-Komplexes reduzierte Proteinthiole eine Voraussetzung sind. Der Angriffspunkt f{\"u}r die antiinflammatorische Wirkung der beiden Nahrungsbestandteile Curcumin und Sulforaphan ist die Bildung des IL-1RI-Komplexes als ein fr{\"u}hes Ereignis in der IL-1-Signalkaskade. Die Hemmung dieses Prozesses w{\"u}rde die in der Literatur beobachteten Inhibitionen der abw{\"a}rts liegenden Signale wie die Aktivierung von NF-κB und die Induktion proinflammatorischer Proteine erkl{\"a}ren.}, subject = {Interleukin-1}, language = {de} }