@article{SchmidtGertenHintzeetal.2018,
  author    = {Schmidt, Silke Regina and Gerten, Dieter and Hintze, Thomas and Lischeid, Gunnar and Livingstone, David M. and Adrian, Rita},
  title     = {Temporal and spatial scales of water temperature variability as an indicator for mixing in a polymictic lake},
  series = {Inland waters : journal of the International Society of Limnology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Inland waters : journal of the International Society of Limnology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  address   = {Abingdon},
  issn      = {2044-2041},
  doi       = {10.1080/20442041.2018.1429067},
  pages     = {82 -- 95},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {We applied coarse spectral analysis to more than 2 decades of daily near-surface water temperature (WT) measurements from Muggelsee, a shallow polymictic lake in Germany, to systematically characterize patterns in WT variability from daily to yearly temporal scales. Comparison of WT with local air temperature indicates that the WT variability patterns are likely attributable to both meteorological forcing and internal lake dynamics. We identified seasonal patterns of WT variability and showed that WT variability increases with increasing Schmidt stability, decreasing Lake number and decreasing ice cover duration, and is higher near the shore than in open water. We introduced the slope of WT spectra as an indicator for the degree of lake mixing to help explain the identified temporal and spatial scales of WT variability. The explanatory power of this indicator in other lakes with different mixing regimes remains to be established.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FaderGertenThammeretal.2011,
  author    = {Fader, Marianelle and Gerten, Dieter and Thammer, M. and Heinke, J. and Lotze-Campen, Hermann and Lucht, Wolfgang and Cramer, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Internal and external green-blue agricultural water footprints of nations, and related water and land savings through trade},
  series = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Copernicus},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1027-5606},
  doi       = {10.5194/hess-15-1641-2011},
  pages     = {1641 -- 1660},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The need to increase food production for a growing world population makes an assessment of global agricultural water productivities and virtual water flows important. Using the hydrology and agro-biosphere model LPJmL, we quantify at 0.5 degrees resolution the amount of blue and green water (irrigation and precipitation water) needed to produce one unit of crop yield, for 11 of the world's major crop types. Based on these, we also quantify the agricultural water footprints (WFP) of all countries, for the period 1998-2002, distinguishing internal and external WFP (virtual water imported from other countries) and their blue and green components, respectively. Moreover, we calculate water savings and losses, and for the first time also land savings and losses, through international trade with these products. The consistent separation of blue and green water flows and footprints shows that green water globally dominates both the internal and external WFP (84\% of the global WFP and 94\% of the external WFP rely on green water). While no country ranks among the top ten with respect to all water footprints calculated here, Pakistan and Iran demonstrate high absolute and per capita blue WFP, and the US and India demonstrate high absolute green and blue WFPs. The external WFPs are relatively small (6\% of the total global blue WFP, 16\% of the total global green WFP). Nevertheless, current trade of the products considered here saves significant water volumes and land areas (similar to 263 km(3) and similar to 41 Mha, respectively, equivalent to 5\% of the sowing area of the considered crops and 3.5\% of the annual precipitation on this area). Relating the proportions of external to internal blue/green WFP to the per capita WFPs allows recognizing that only a few countries consume more water from abroad than from their own territory and have at the same time above-average WFPs. Thus, countries with high per capita water consumption affect mainly the water availability in their own country. Finally, this study finds that flows/savings of both virtual water and virtual land need to be analysed together, since they are intrinsically related.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Gerten2001,
  author    = {Gerten, Dieter},
  title     = {Changes in the thermal proberties and the seasonal plankton succession in lakes : the role of climate warming and the north atlantic oscillation},
  pages     = {104 S.},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GertenHoffBondeauetal.2005,
  author    = {Gerten, Dieter and Hoff, Holger and Bondeau, Alberte and Lucht, Wolfgang and Smith, Pascalle and Zaehle, S{\"o}nke},
  title     = {Contemporary "green" water flows : simulations with a dynamic global vegetation and water balance model},
  issn      = {1474-7065},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {"Green water"-the water stored in the soil and productively used for plant transpiration-is an important quantity particularly in rainfed agriculture (in contrast to "blue water" available in streams and lakes, on which irrigation relies). This study provides preliminary estimates of contemporary (1961-1990) global green water flows (i.e. plant transpiration), using a well-established, process-based dynamic global vegetation and water balance model, LPJ. Transpiration is analysed with respect to differences between a simulation that accounts for human land cover changes and a simulation under conditions of potential natural vegetation. We found that historic land cover change usually reduced the green water flow to the atmosphere, resulting in a global decrease of similar to 7\% in total. To further explore how the biophysical setting influences the green water flow, we analyse the ratio between soil moisture-limited canopy conductance of carbon and water and energy-controlled potential conductance. This plant physiology-based ratio measures the degree to which actual green water flow falls below the potential flow that would occur when the soil is saturated, thus it represents a measure of the water limitation of terrestrial vegetation. We found that plant water limitation is lowest in the wet tropics and at high latitudes, where soil moisture is high enough to meet the atmospheric demand for transpiration. The present results are preliminary, since irrigation is not yet accounted for, and because the model simulations are compromised primarily by the quality of the input data. A more comprehensive and consistent assessment of global green and blue water flows and limitations using an enhanced LPJ model is identified as a prime task for future studies. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved},
  language  = {en}
}