@article{NeugartWiesnerReinholdFredeetal.2018, author = {Neugart, Susanne and Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie and Frede, Katja and Jander, Elisabeth and Homann, Thomas and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal and Schreiner, Monika and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Effect of Solid Biological Waste Compost on the Metabolite Profile of Brassica rapa ssp chinensis}, series = {Frontiers in plant science : FPLS}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in plant science : FPLS}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-462X}, doi = {10.3389/fpls.2018.00305}, pages = {13}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Large quantities of biological waste are generated at various steps within the food production chain and a great utilization potential for this solid biological waste exists apart from the current main usage for the feedstuff sector. It remains unclear how the usage of biological waste as compost modulates plant metabolites. We investigated the effect of biological waste of the processing of coffee, aronia, and hop added to soil on the plant metabolite profile by means of liquid chromatography in pak choi sprouts. Here we demonstrate that the solid biological waste composts induced specific changes in the metabolite profiles and the changes are depending on the type of the organic residues and its concentration in soil. The targeted analysis of selected plant metabolites, associated with health beneficial properties of the Brassicaceae family, revealed increased concentrations of carotenoids (up to 3.2-fold) and decreased amounts of glucosinolates (up to 4.7-fold) as well as phenolic compounds (up to 1.5-fold).}, language = {en} } @article{FredeSchreinerZrenneretal.2018, author = {Frede, Katja and Schreiner, Monika and Zrenner, R. and Graefe, Jan and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Carotenoid biosynthesis of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp chinensis) sprouts grown under different light-emitting diodes during the diurnal course}, series = {Photochemical \& photobiological sciences}, volume = {17}, journal = {Photochemical \& photobiological sciences}, number = {10}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1474-905X}, doi = {10.1039/c8pp00136g}, pages = {1289 -- 1300}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered the future of greenhouse lighting. This study investigates the carotenoid concentrations of pak choi sprouts after growth under blue, red and white LEDs at six different time points. Furthermore, the diurnal changes of RNA transcripts of key genes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway as well as of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) gene and of the transcription factor genes elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) and circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1) were investigated. The carotenoid concentrations were steady throughout the day, but showed a small maximum in the afternoon. An average total carotenoid concentration of 536 +/- 29 ng mg(-1) DM produced under white LEDs was measured, which is comparable to previously described field-grown levels. The carotenoid concentrations were slightly lower under blue or red LEDs. Moreover, the diurnal RNA transcript rhythms of most of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes showed an increase during the light period, which can be correlated to the carotenoid maxima in the afternoon. Blue LEDs caused the highest transcriptional induction of biosynthetic genes as well as of CCD4, thereby indicating an increased flux through the pathway. In addition, the highest levels of HY5 transcripts and CCA1 transcripts were determined under blue LEDs.}, language = {en} } @article{FredeSchreinerBaldermann2019, author = {Frede, Katja and Schreiner, Monika and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Light quality-induced changes of carotenoid composition in pak choi Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis}, volume = {193}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1011-1344}, doi = {10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.001}, pages = {18 -- 30}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Carotenoids as part of the photosystems are crucial for their assembly, light-harvesting, and photoprotection. Light of different wavelengths impacts the composition and structure of photosystems, thus offering the possibility to influence the carotenoid concentrations and composition in photosystems by illumination with specific narrow-banded light spectra. Key components involved in the regulation of gene transcription are still poorly characterized, particularly in leafy vegetables as compared to model plants. In particular, the effect of different light qualities and its connection to redox control mechanisms, which also determine the photosystem composition and structure, is not yet well understood. Furthermore, light quality effects are species-dependent, and thus, increase the need to perform research on individual vegetable species such as pak choi Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis. Here, we investigated the carotenoid concentrations and composition of pak choi sprouts grown for 6 days under blue, red, or white light emitting diodes (LEDs) as light source. After 6 days, the total carotenoid content was the highest under white and slightly reduced under blue or red LEDs. Blue, red, and white light differently affected the carotenoid composition mainly due to variations of the beta-carotene content which could be correlated to changes in the transcript levels of beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (beta-OHASE1). Further investigations implied a redox controlled gene expression of beta-OHASE1. In addition, transcription factors related to light signaling and the circadian clock differed in their transcriptional abundance after exposure to blue and red light. RNA-Seq analysis also revealed increased transcript levels of genes encoding the outer antenna complex of photosystem II under red compared to blue light, indicating an adjustment of the photosystems to the different light qualities which possibly contributed to the alternations in the carotenoid content and composition.}, language = {en} } @article{FredeEbertKippetal.2017, author = {Frede, Katja and Ebert, Franziska and Kipp, Anna Patricia and Schwerdtle, Tanja and Baldermann, Susanne}, title = {Lutein Activates the Transcription Factor Nrf2 in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells}, series = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, volume = {65}, journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry : a publication of the American Chemical Society}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington}, issn = {0021-8561}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01929}, pages = {5944 -- 5952}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium caused by oxidative damage is a stage of development in age related macular degeneration (AMD). The carotenoid lutein is a major macular pigment that may reduce the incidence and progression of AMD, but the underlying mechanism is currently not fully understood. Carotenoids are known to be direct antioxidants. However, carotenoids can also activate cellular pathways resulting in indirect antioxidant effects. Here, we investigate the influence of lutein on the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cells) using lutein-loaded Tween40 micelles. The micelles were identified as a suitable delivery system since they were nontoxic in APRE-19 cells up to 0.04\% Tween40 and led to a cellular lutein accumulation of 62 mu M +/- 14 mu M after 24 h. Lutein significantly enhanced Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus 1.5 +/- 0.4-fold compared to that of unloaded micelles after 4 h. Furthermore, lutein treatment for 24 h significantly increased the transcripts of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) by 1.7 +/- 0.1-fold, glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit (GCLm) by 1.4 +/- 0.1-fold, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by 1.8 +/- 0.3-fold. Moreover, we observed a significant enhancement of NQO1 activity by 1.2 +/- 0.1-fold. Collectively, this study indicates that lutein not only serves as a direct antioxidant but also activates Nrf 2 in ARPE-19 cells.}, language = {en} } @misc{BaldermannBlagojevicFredeetal.2016, author = {Baldermann, Susanne and Blagojevic, Lara and Frede, Katja and Klopsch, R. and Neugart, Susanne and Neumann, A. and Ngwene, Benard and Norkeweit, Jessica and Schroeter, D. and Schroeter, A. and Schweigert, Florian J. and Wiesner, M. and Schreiner, Monika}, title = {Are Neglected Plants the Food for the Future?}, series = {Critical reviews in plant sciences}, volume = {35}, journal = {Critical reviews in plant sciences}, publisher = {Institut d'Estudis Catalans}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {0735-2689}, doi = {10.1080/07352689.2016.1201399}, pages = {106 -- 119}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Malnutrition, poor health, hunger, and even starvation are still the world's greatest challenges. Malnutrition is defined as deficiency of nutrition due to not ingesting the proper amounts of nutrients by simply not eating enough food and/or by consuming nutrient-poor food in respect to the daily nutritional requirements. Moreover, malnutrition and disease are closely associated and incidences of such diet-related diseases increase particularly in low- and middle-income states. While foods of animal origin are often unaffordable to low-income families, various neglected crops can offer an alternative source of micronutrients, vitamins, as well as health-promoting secondary plant metabolites. Therefore, agricultural and horticultural research should develop strategies not only to produce more food, but also to improve access to more nutritious food. In this context, one promising approach is to promote biodiversity in the dietary pattern of low-income people by getting access to nutritional as well as affordable food and providing recommendations for food selection and preparation. Worldwide, a multitude of various plant species are assigned to be consumed as grains, vegetables, and fruits, but only a limited number of these species are used as commercial cash crops. Consequently, numerous neglected and underutilized species offer the potential to diversify not only the human diet, but also increase food production levels, and, thus, enable more sustainable and resilient agro- and horti-food systems. To exploit the potential of neglected plant (NP) species, coordinated approaches on the local, regional, and international level have to be integrated that consequently demand the involvement of numerous multi-stakeholders. Thus, the objective of the present review is to evaluate whether NP species are important as "Future Food" for improving the nutritional status of humans as well as increasing resilience of agro- and horti-food systems.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Frede, author = {Frede, Katja}, title = {Light-modulated biosynthesis of carotenoids in Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis and the activation of Nrf2 by lutein in human retinal pigment epithelial cells}, pages = {98}, language = {en} } @article{FredeHenzeKhaliletal.2014, author = {Frede, Katja and Henze, Andrea and Khalil, Mahmoud and Baldermann, Susanne and Schweigert, Florian J. and Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal}, title = {Stability and cellular uptake of lutein-loaded emulsions}, series = {Journal of functional food}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of functional food}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1756-4646}, doi = {10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.011}, pages = {118 -- 127}, year = {2014}, abstract = {The carotenoid lutein can improve human health. Since only a fraction is absorbed from food, lutein supplementation might be recommended. Emulsions could be good carrier systems to improve the bioavailability of lutein. Six different emulsifier compositions were used in this study to prepare lutein-loaded emulsions: beta-lactoglobulin, beta-lactoglobulin/lecithin, Biozate 1, Biozate 1/lecithin, Been 20 and Tween 20/lecithin. The droplet size, resistance to creaming, lutein stability, cytotoxicity and lutein uptake by HT29 cells were investigated. The whey protein beta-lactoglobulin, the whey protein hydrolysate Biozate 1 and the combination with lecithin brought the most promising results. The small droplet sizes and resistance to creaming were an indication of physical stable emulsions. Furthermore, these emulsifiers prevented oxidation of lutein. The choice of emulsifier had a strong impact on the uptake by HT29 cells. The highest lutein absorption was observed with the combination of Biozate 1 and lecithin.}, language = {en} } @article{HenkelFredeSchanzeetal.2012, author = {Henkel, Janin and Frede, Katja and Schanze, Nancy and Vogel, Heike and Sch{\"u}rmann, Annette and Spruß, Astrid and Bergheim, Ina and P{\"u}schel, Gerhard Paul}, title = {Stimulation of fat accumulation in hepatocytes by PGE(2)-dependent repression of hepatic lipolysis, beta-oxidation and VLDL-synthesis}, series = {Laboratory investigation : the basic and translational pathology research journal ; an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology}, volume = {92}, journal = {Laboratory investigation : the basic and translational pathology research journal ; an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology}, number = {11}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {New York}, issn = {0023-6837}, doi = {10.1038/labinvest.2012.128}, pages = {1597 -- 1606}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Hepatic steatosis is recognized as hepatic presentation of the metabolic syndrome. Hyperinsulinaemia, which shifts fatty acid oxidation to de novo lipogenesis and lipid storage in the liver, appears to be a principal elicitor particularly in the early stages of disease development. The impact of PGE(2), which has previously been shown to attenuate insulin signaling and hence might reduce insulin-dependent lipid accumulation, on insulin-induced steatosis of hepatocytes was studied. The PGE(2)-generating capacity was enhanced in various obese mouse models by the induction of cyclooxygenase 2 and microsomal prostaglandin E-synthases (mPGES1, mPGES2). PGE(2) attenuated the insulin-dependent induction of SREBP-1c and its target genes glucokinase and fatty acid synthase. Nevertheless, PGE(2) enhanced incorporation of glucose into hepatic triglycerides synergistically with insulin. This was most likely due to a combination of a PGE(2)-dependent repression of (1) the key lipolytic enzyme adipose triglyceride lipase, (2) carnitine-palmitoyltransferase 1, a key regulator of mitochondrial beta-oxidation, and (3) microsomal transfer protein, as well as (4) apolipoprotein B, key components of the VLDL synthesis. Repression of PGC1 alpha, a common upstream regulator of these genes, was identified as a possible cause. In support of this hypothesis, overexpression of PGC1 alpha completely blunted the PGE(2)-dependent fat accumulation. PGE(2) enhanced lipid accumulation synergistically with insulin, despite attenuating insulin signaling and might thus contribute to the development of hepatic steatosis. Induction of enzymes involved in PGE(2) synthesis in in vivo models of obesity imply a potential role of prostanoids in the development of NAFLD and NASH. Laboratory Investigation (2012) 92, 1597-1606; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2012.128; published online 10 September 2012}, language = {en} }