@article{IhleEsser2007,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Psychische St{\"o}rungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen : H{\"a}ufigkeit, Versorgungslage und Pr{\"a}vention},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsser2007,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Psychische St{\"o}rungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter : Gesundheitliche Lage, gesundheitliche Versorgung und Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die Politik},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsserReisetal.1999,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Reis, Olaf and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard and Blanz, Bernhard and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Psychische St{\"o}rungen im {\"U}bergang vom Jugend- zum Erwachsenenalter in Zeiten gesellschaftlichen Wandels : Ergebnisse zweier L{\"a}ngsschnittstudien in Rostock und Mannheim},
  isbn      = {3-7867-2180-7},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MaierLangeHoraceketal.2007,
  author    = {Maier, A. and Lange, Sabine and Horacek, U. and Weinrich, D. and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Psychische St{\"o}rungen und Entwicklungsauff{\"a}lligkeiten fr{\"u}her erkennen mit neuem Kita- Vorsorgebogen},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchmidtEsserIhleetal.1998,
  author    = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang and Lay, Barbara},
  title     = {Psychosomatic and depressive symptoms at age eight and age eighteen},
  issn      = {0065-2008},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidBlomeyerBuchmannetal.2011,
  author    = {Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Trautmann-Villalba, Patricia and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Quality of early mother-child interaction associated with depressive psychopathology in the offspring - a prospective study from infancy to adulthood},
  series = {Journal of psychiatric research},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Journal of psychiatric research},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0022-3956},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.05.010},
  pages     = {1387 -- 1394},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Evidence from animal research has revealed that less maternal care results in disturbed emotionality in the offspring. In the present study, the long-term impact of maternal responsiveness and stimulation during early mother child interaction on depressive psychopathology was examined until adulthood. Data are from an epidemiological cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors assessed at birth. At age 3 months, mothers and infants were videotaped during a nursing and playing situation. Maternal responsiveness and stimulation as well as infant responsiveness were evaluated by trained raters. At age 19 years, 314 participants (145 males, 169 females) were characterized on measures of depression through interview and questionnaire. In addition, measures of depression and anxiety were available from assessments in childhood. Results indicated that less maternal stimulation during early interaction was associated with a higher risk of depression in the offspring until the age of 19 years. In addition, children of less stimulating mothers showed more depressive symptoms at age 19 years and displayed more anxiety and depressive symptoms between the ages of 4.5 and 15 years. In contrast, maternal responsiveness was unrelated to children's outcome. In accordance with findings from animal research, the present study provides first longitudinal evidence in humans of a continuous and long-term influence of early maternal interaction behavior on the offspring's psychological adjustment until adulthood. The results suggest that the amount of maternally initiated contact behavior in a very early developmental stage may be crucial for children's mental health, regardless of child and maternal responsiveness.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchulzWyschkonGallitetal.2018,
  author    = {Schulz, Franziska and Wyschkon, Anne and Gallit, Finja Sunnyi and Poltz, Nadine and Moraske, Svenja and Kucian, Karin and von Aster, Michael G. and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Rechenprobleme von Grundschulkindern},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {634},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-44138},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441388},
  pages     = {67 -- 80},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Fragestellung: Ziel war die Untersuchung des Verlaufs von Kindern mit Rechenst{\"o}rungen bzw. Rechenschw{\"a}chen. Neben der Persistenz wurden Auswirkungen von Rechenproblemen auf k{\"u}nftige Rechenleistungen sowie den Schulerfolg gepr{\"u}ft. Methodik: F{\"u}r 2909 Sch{\"u}ler der 2. bis 5. Klasse liegen die Resultate standardisierter Rechen- und Intelligenztests vor. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 37 und 68 Mona-ten erneut untersucht worden. Ergebnisse: Die Pr{\"a}valenz von Rechenst{\"o}rungen betrug 1.4 \%, Rechenschw{\"a}chen traten bei 11.2 \% auf. Rechen-probleme zeigten eine mittlere bis hohe Persistenz. Sch{\"u}ler mit Rechenschw{\"a}che blieben im Rechnen gut eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und ca. eine halbe Standardabweichung hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern zur{\"u}ck. Der allgemeine Schulerfolg rechenschwacher Probanden (definiert {\"u}ber Mathematiknote, Deutschnote und Schultyp) {\"a}hnelte dem der unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollgruppe und blieb hinter dem Schulerfolg durchschnittlich intelligenter Kontrollkinder zur{\"u}ck. Eingangs {\"a}ltere Probanden mit Rechenproblemen (4. bis 5. Klasse) wiesen eine schlechtere Prognose auf als Kinder, die zu Beginn die 2. oder 3. Klasse besuchten. Schluss-folgerungen: Rechenprobleme stellen ein ernsthaftes Entwicklungsrisiko dar. L{\"a}ngsschnittuntersuchungen, die Kinder mit streng definierter Rechenst{\"o}rung bis ins Erwachsenenalter begleiten und Pr{\"a}diktoren f{\"u}r unterschiedlich erfolgreiche Verl{\"a}ufe ermitteln, sind dringend notwendig.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KucianZuberKohnetal.2018,
  author    = {Kucian, Karin and Zuber, Isabelle and Kohn, Juliane and Poltz, Nadine and Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.},
  title     = {Relation Between Mathematical Performance, Math Anxiety, and Affective Priming in Children With and Without Developmental Dyscalculia},
  series = {Frontiers in psychology},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in psychology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-1078},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00263},
  pages     = {13},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Many children show negative emotions related to mathematics and some even develop mathematics anxiety. The present study focused on the relation between negative emotions and arithmetical performance in children with and without developmental dyscalculia (DD) using an affective priming task. Previous findings suggested that arithmetic performance is influenced if an affective prime precedes the presentation of an arithmetic problem. In children with DD specifically, responses to arithmetic operations are supposed to be facilitated by both negative and mathematics-related primes (= negative math priming effect). We investigated mathematical performance, math anxiety, and the domain-general abilities of 172 primary school children (76 with DD and 96 controls). All participants also underwent an affective priming task which consisted of the decision whether a simple arithmetic operation (addition or subtraction) that was preceded by a prime (positive/negative/neutral or mathematics-related) was true or false. Our findings did not reveal a negative math priming effect in children with DD. Furthermore, when considering accuracy levels, gender, or math anxiety, the negative math priming effect could not be replicated. However, children with DD showed more math anxiety when explicitly assessed by a specific math anxiety interview and showed lower mathematical performance compared to controls. Moreover, math anxiety was equally present in boys and girls, even in the earliest stages of schooling, and interfered negatively with performance. In conclusion, mathematics is often associated with negative emotions that can be manifested in specific math anxiety, particularly in children with DD. Importantly, present findings suggest that in the assessed age group, it is more reliable to judge math anxiety and investigate its effects on mathematical performance explicitly by adequate questionnaires than by an affective math priming task.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{KucianZuberKohnetal.2018,
  author    = {Kucian, Karin and Zuber, Isabelle and Kohn, Juliane and Poltz, Nadine and Wyschkon, Anne and Esser, G{\"u}nter and von Aster, Michael G.},
  title     = {Relation between mathematical performance, math anxiety, and affective priming in children with and without developmental dyscalculia},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {684},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-46067},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-460671},
  pages     = {15},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Many children show negative emotions related to mathematics and some even develop mathematics anxiety. The present study focused on the relation between negative emotions and arithmetical performance in children with and without developmental dyscalculia (DD) using an affective priming task. Previous findings suggested that arithmetic performance is influenced if an affective prime precedes the presentation of an arithmetic problem. In children with DD specifically, responses to arithmetic operations are supposed to be facilitated by both negative and mathematics-related primes (= negative math priming effect). We investigated mathematical performance, math anxiety, and the domain-general abilities of 172 primary school children (76 with DD and 96 controls). All participants also underwent an affective priming task which consisted of the decision whether a simple arithmetic operation (addition or subtraction) that was preceded by a prime (positive/negative/neutral or mathematics-related) was true or false. Our findings did not reveal a negative math priming effect in children with DD. Furthermore, when considering accuracy levels, gender, or math anxiety, the negative math priming effect could not be replicated. However, children with DD showed more math anxiety when explicitly assessed by a specific math anxiety interview and showed lower mathematical performance compared to controls. Moreover, math anxiety was equally present in boys and girls, even in the earliest stages of schooling, and interfered negatively with performance. In conclusion, mathematics is often associated with negative emotions that can be manifested in specific math anxiety, particularly in children with DD. Importantly, present findings suggest that in the assessed age group, it is more reliable to judge math anxiety and investigate its effects on mathematical performance explicitly by adequate questionnaires than by an affective math priming task.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HohmLauchtZohseletal.2017,
  author    = {Hohm, Erika and Laucht, Manfred and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias},
  title     = {Resilienz und Ressourcen im Verlauf der Entwicklung},
  series = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Kindheit und Entwicklung},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {0942-5403},
  doi       = {10.1026/0942-5403/a000236},
  pages     = {230 -- 239},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen besch{\"a}ftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines famili{\"a}ren Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen k{\"o}nnen. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven fr{\"u}hen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese sch{\"u}tzen Risikokinder davor, eine ung{\"u}nstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ung{\"u}nstiger „Startbedingungen" positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen erm{\"o}glichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumst{\"a}nden (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverh{\"a}ltnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilit{\"a}t besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{HohmLauchtZohseletal.2017,
  author    = {Hohm, Erika and Laucht, Manfred and Zohsel, Katrin and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Brandeis, Daniel and Banaschewski, Tobias},
  title     = {Resilienz und Ressourcen im Verlauf der Entwicklung},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {608},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43307},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433072},
  pages     = {230 -- 239},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen besch{\"a}ftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines famili{\"a}ren Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen k{\"o}nnen. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven fr{\"u}hen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese sch{\"u}tzen Risikokinder davor, eine ung{\"u}nstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ung{\"u}nstiger „Startbedingungen" positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen erm{\"o}glichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumst{\"a}nden (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverh{\"a}ltnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Pers{\"o}nlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem fr{\"u}hen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilit{\"a}t besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern.},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Esser2020,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Rezension zu: Geissler, Julia; Vloet, Timo D.; Romanos, Marcel; Zwanzger, Ulrike; Jans, Thomas: Verhaltenstherapie bei ADHS im Jugendalter : ein modular aufgebautes Therapieprogramm. - G{\"o}ttingen: Hogrefe, 102 S. - (Therapeutische Praxis, Bd. 94). - ISBN: 978-3-8017-2979-0},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Hogrefe},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1616-3443},
  doi       = {10.1026/1616-3443/a000551},
  pages     = {138 -- 139},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1998,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren der fr{\"u}hkindlichen Entwicklung : Empirische Befunde},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LayIhleEsseretal.2001,
  author    = {Lay, Barbara and Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Risikofaktoren f{\"u}r Delinquenz bei Jugendlichen und deren Fortsetzung bis in das Erwachsenenalter},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserSchmidt2002,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Risikokinderstudien : Einf{\"u}hrung in den Themenschwerpunkt},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsserBlanzetal.1999,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Blanz, Bernhard and Schmidt, Martin H. and Reis, Olaf and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard},
  title     = {Risk conditions and developmental patterns of mental disorders from childhood to early adulthood : results from two longitudinal studies in Rostock and Mannheim},
  isbn      = {3-11-016500-7},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuchmannHohmWittetal.2015,
  author    = {Buchmann, Arlette F. and Hohm, Erika and Witt, Stephanie H. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Role of CNR1 polymorphisms in moderating the effects of psychosocial adversity on impulsivity in adolescents},
  series = {Journal of neural transmission},
  volume    = {122},
  journal   = {Journal of neural transmission},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {0300-9564},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00702-014-1266-3},
  pages     = {455 -- 463},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Enhanced endocannabinoid signaling has been implicated in typically adolescent behavioral features such as increased risk-taking, impulsivity and novelty seeking. Research investigating the impact of genetic variants in the cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) and of early rearing conditions has demonstrated that both factors contribute to the prediction of impulsivity-related phenotypes. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of an interaction of the two most studied CNR1 polymorphisms rs806379 and rs1049353 with early psychosocial adversity in terms of affecting impulsivity in 15-year-olds from an epidemiological cohort sample followed since birth. In 323 adolescents (170 girls, 153 boys), problems of impulse control and novelty seeking were assessed using parent-report and self-report, respectively. Exposure to early psychosocial adversity was determined in a parent interview conducted at the age of 3 months. The results indicated that impulsivity increased following exposure to early psychosocial adversity, with this increase being dependent on CNR1 genotype. In contrast, while individuals exposed to early adversity scored higher on novelty seeking, no significant impact of genotype or the interaction thereof was detected. This is the first evidence to suggest that the interaction of CNR1 gene variants with the experience of early life adversity may play a role in determining adolescent impulsive behavior. However, given that the reported findings are obtained in a high-risk community sample, results are restricted in terms of interpretation and generalization. Future research is needed to replicate these findings and to identify the mediating mechanisms underlying this effect.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KruseMeyerProbstReisetal.2001,
  author    = {Kruse, Joachim and Meyer-Probst, Bernhard and Reis, Olaf and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ihle, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Seelische Gesundheit junger Erwachsener in Mannheim und Rostock},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchmidtGeroldEsser1998,
  author    = {Schmidt, Martin H. and Gerold, M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Seelische Gesundheit versus psychische Auff{\"a}lligkeiten in einer repr{\"a}sentativen Stichprobe junger Erwachsener},
  isbn      = {3-540-64492-x},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MillenetLauchtHohmetal.2018,
  author    = {Millenet, Sabina and Laucht, Manfred and Hohm, Erika and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Hohmann, Sarah and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Zohsel, Katrin},
  title     = {Sex-specific trajectories of ADHD symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood},
  series = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1018-8827},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00787-018-1129-9},
  pages     = {1067 -- 1075},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Reports of current ADHD symptoms in adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD are often discrepant: While one subgroup reports a particularly high level of current ADHD symptoms, another reports—in contrast—a very low level. The reasons for this difference remain unclear. Although sex might play a moderating role, it has not yet been examined in this regard. In an epidemiological cohort study from birth to young adulthood, childhood ADHD diagnoses were assessed at the ages of 4.5, 8, and 11 years based on parent ratings. Sex-specific development of ADHD symptoms was analyzed from the age of 15 to 25 years via self-reported ADHD symptoms in participants with (n = 47) and without childhood ADHD (n = 289) using a random coefficient regression model. The congruence between parent reports and adolescents' self-ratings was examined, and the role of childhood ADHD diagnosis, childhood OCC/CD, and childhood internalizing disorder as possible sex-specific predictors of self-reported ADHD symptoms at age 25 years was investigated. With regard to self-reported ADHD symptoms, females with a childhood ADHD diagnosis reported significantly more ADHD symptoms compared to females without childhood ADHD and males with and without ADHD throughout adolescence and young adulthood. In contrast, males with childhood ADHD did not differ from control males either at age 15 or at age 25 years. Only in females did a childhood diagnosis of an externalizing disorder (ADHD and CD/ODD) predict self-reported ADHD symptoms by age 25 years. Our findings suggest that self-reports of young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD are influenced by sex. Specifically, females with childhood ADHD report increased levels of ADHD symptoms upon reaching adulthood. To correctly evaluate symptoms and impairment in this subgroup, other, more objective, sources of information may be advisable, such as neurophysiological measures.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Esser1999,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Sind die Kriterien der sittlichen Reife des \S 105 JGG tats{\"a}chlich reifungsabh{\"a}ngig?},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserLaucht2005,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Sind junge M{\"u}tter ein Risiko f{\"u}r die Kindesentwicklung?},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WyschkonKohnBallaschketal.2009,
  author    = {Wyschkon, Anne and Kohn, Juliane and Ballaschk, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Sind Rechenst{\"o}rungen genau so h{\"a}ufig wie Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rungen?},
  issn      = {1422-4917},
  doi       = {10.1024/1422-4917.37.6.499},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Is a specific disorder of arithmetic skills as common as reading/spelling disorder?Background: Referring to the prevalence rates of learning disorders in the research literature, the numbers of mathematics disorder and reading/ spelling disorder are often reported to be identical. However, the correlation between intelligence level and reading/ spelling skills is much weaker than between intelligence and arithmetic skills. If the same definition criterion is applied to both disorders, a lower prevalence rate for mathematics disorder should be expected. Objective: Are there differences in the prevalence estimates for learning disorders depending on the definition criterion? Method: A large representative sample of German students (N = 1970) was used to review the hypothesis. Results: Depending on the definition criterion, we could show a prevalence range of mathematics disorder between 0.1\% and 8.1\% in the same sample. Using the same definition criterion for both learning disorders, there are two to three times as many students with reading/spelling disorder than those with mathematics disorder. Discussion: Whenever children with reading/spelling disorder are compared to children with mathematics disorder, the same definition criterion has to be applied.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtGeroldEsseretal.1999,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Gerold, M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Strukturmodelle der Genese psychischer St{\"o}rungen in der Kindheit : Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie von der Geburt bis zum Schulalter},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsser2007,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Tagesbetreuung f{\"u}r Kinder bis 3 Jahre aus psychologischer Sicht},
  issn      = {1436-9559},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EhlertPoltzQuandteetal.2022,
  author    = {Ehlert, Antje and Poltz, Nadine and Quandte, Sabine and Kohn-Henkel, Juliane and Kucian, Karin and Aster, Michael von and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Taking a closer look: The relationship between pre-school domain general cognition and school mathematics achievement when controlling for intelligence},
  series = {Journal of Intelligence},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Journal of Intelligence},
  edition   = {3},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel, Schweiz},
  issn      = {2079-3200},
  doi       = {10.3390/jintelligence10030070},
  pages     = {1 -- 23},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Intelligence, as well as working memory and attention, affect the acquisition of mathematical competencies. This paper aimed to examine the influence of working memory and attention when taking different mathematical skills into account as a function of children's intellectual ability. Overall, intelligence, working memory, attention and numerical skills were assessed twice in 1868 German pre-school children (t1, t2) and again at 2nd grade (t3). We defined three intellectual ability groups based on the results of intellectual assessment at t1 and t2. Group comparisons revealed significant differences between the three intellectual ability groups. Over time, children with low intellectual ability showed the lowest achievement in domain-general and numerical and mathematical skills compared to children of average intellectual ability. The highest achievement on the aforementioned variables was found for children of high intellectual ability. Additionally, path modelling revealed that, depending on the intellectual ability, different models of varying complexity could be generated. These models differed with regard to the relevance of the predictors (t2) and the future mathematical skills (t3). Causes and conclusions of these findings are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{EhlertPoltzQuandteetal.2022,
  author    = {Ehlert, Antje and Poltz, Nadine and Quandte, Sabine and Kohn-Henkel, Juliane and Kucian, Karin and Aster, Michael von and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Taking a closer look: The relationship between pre-school domain general cognition and school mathematics achievement when controlling for intelligence},
  series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam},
  address   = {Potsdam},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-56233},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-562337},
  pages     = {1 -- 23},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Intelligence, as well as working memory and attention, affect the acquisition of mathematical competencies. This paper aimed to examine the influence of working memory and attention when taking different mathematical skills into account as a function of children's intellectual ability. Overall, intelligence, working memory, attention and numerical skills were assessed twice in 1868 German pre-school children (t1, t2) and again at 2nd grade (t3). We defined three intellectual ability groups based on the results of intellectual assessment at t1 and t2. Group comparisons revealed significant differences between the three intellectual ability groups. Over time, children with low intellectual ability showed the lowest achievement in domain-general and numerical and mathematical skills compared to children of average intellectual ability. The highest achievement on the aforementioned variables was found for children of high intellectual ability. Additionally, path modelling revealed that, depending on the intellectual ability, different models of varying complexity could be generated. These models differed with regard to the relevance of the predictors (t2) and the future mathematical skills (t3). Causes and conclusions of these findings are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{EsserHaenschOelgartSchmitz2018,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and H{\"a}nsch-Oelgart, Sylvana and Schmitz, Julian},
  title     = {TBS-TK Rezension},
  series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  journal   = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe},
  number    = {615},
  issn      = {1866-8364},
  doi       = {10.25932/publishup-43412},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-434129},
  pages     = {144 -- 146},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2002,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Teilleistungsst{\"o}rungen},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser1997,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Teilleistungsst{\"o}rungen},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2007,
  author    = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Temperament in the developmental course : a longitudinal comparison of New York Longitudinal Study-derived dimensions with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory},
  issn      = {0010-440X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.05.007},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Objective: Despite theoretical discrepancies between different concepts of temperament, some core dimensions are thought to be common to the various models. We compared temperamental traits derived from the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) model and the Cloninger dimensions in the developmental course and investigated the associations of temperament with sex as well as with obstetric risks or psychosocial risks present at birth. - Methods: Participants were 151 boys and 157 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk from a longitudinal study on a high-risk community sample. In infancy and childhood, NYLS-derived temperamental characteristics were assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. At age 15 years, the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory/1218 was administered. - Results: Moderate correlations were found between Junior Temperament and Character Inventory scales in adolescence and NYLS-derived factors in childhood. The psychosocial risk load seemed to influence the expression of novelty seeking or corresponding NYLS-derived factors, whereas the obstetric risks did not contribute to variation in temperament. Our findings further support highly sex-specific gene x environment interactions on temperament in the developmental course. - Conclusion: The content of our NYLS-derived factors and the specific type of association across different temperament constructs fit into the increasing consensus regarding a small number of higher-order temperamental traits. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PitzerEsserSchmidtetal.2009,
  author    = {Pitzer, Martina and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Temperamental predictors of externalizing problems among boys and girls : a longitudinal study in a high-risk sample from ages 3 months to 15 years},
  issn      = {0940-1334},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00406-009-0009-1},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {In a high-risk community sample, we examined the role of regulative temperament and emotionality as well as the extent of gender specificity in the development of externalizing problems. 151 boys and 157 girls born at differing degrees of obstetric and psychosocial risk were followed from birth into adolescence. In infancy and childhood, NYLS- derived temperamental characteristics were assessed by a highly structured parent interview and standardized behavioral observations. At age 15 years, externalizing problems were measured by the Child Behavior Checklist. As revealed by multiple linear regression and logistic regression, low regulative abilities predicted adolescent behavioral and attentional problems over and above obstetric and psychosocial risks. Gender specificity was found in the strength of the association rather than in the kind with a stronger long-term prediction from infant and toddler temperament in girls. Compared to regulative abilities, temperament factors describing aspects of mood and fear/withdrawal versus approach tendencies played a minor role in the development of externalizing problems. Findings are discussed in terms of gender-specific risk factors and possible differential developmental trajectories to subtypes of disruptive behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2001,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Testdiagnostik in der Kinder- und Jugendlichenverhaltenstherapie},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{StraubHaenschBallaschketal.2009,
  author    = {Straub, Hans-Beatus and Haensch, Sylvana and Ballaschk, Katja and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {The Brandenburg questionnaire for quality of life in epilepsy patients : a new, short and valid instrument},
  issn      = {0013-9580},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02156.x},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoltmannBuchmannEsseretal.2011,
  author    = {Holtmann, Martin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {The child behavior checklist-dysregulation profile predicts substance use, suicidality, and functional impairment : a longitudinal analysis},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Recent studies have identified a Child Behavior Checklist profile that characterizes children with severe affective and behavioral dysregulation (CBCL-dysregulation profile, CBCL-DP). In two recent longitudinal studies the CBCL-DP in childhood was associated with heightened rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, among them bipolar disorder, an increased risk for suicidality, and marked psychosocial impairment at young-adult follow-up. This is the first study outside the US that examines the longitudinal course of the CBCL-DP. Methods: We studied the diagnostic and functional trajectories and the predictive utility of the CBCL-DP in the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an epidemiological cohort study on the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. A total of 325 young adults (151 males, 174 females) participated in the 19-year assessment. Results: Young adults with a higher CBCL-DP score in childhood were at increased risk for substance use disorders, suicidality and poorer overall functioning at age 19, even after adjustment for parental education, family income, impairment and psychiatric disorders at baseline. Childhood dysregulation was not related to bipolar disorder in young adulthood. The CBCL-DP was neither a precursor of a specific pattern of comorbidity nor of comorbidity in general. Conclusions: Children with high CBCL-DP values are at risk for later severe, psychiatric symptomatology. The different developmental trajectories suggest that the CBCL-DP is not simply an early manifestation of a single disease process but might rather be an early developmental risk marker of a persisting deficit of self-regulation of affect and behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoltmannBuchmannEsseretal.2011,
  author    = {Holtmann, Martin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {The child behavior checklist-dysregulation profile predicts substance use, suicidality, and functional impairment a longitudinal analysis},
  series = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {The journal of child psychology and psychiatry},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Malden},
  issn      = {0021-9630},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02309.x},
  pages     = {139 -- 147},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Background: Recent studies have identified a Child Behavior Checklist profile that characterizes children with severe affective and behavioral dysregulation (CBCL-dysregulation profile, CBCL-DP). In two recent longitudinal studies the CBCL-DP in childhood was associated with heightened rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, among them bipolar disorder, an increased risk for suicidality, and marked psychosocial impairment at young-adult follow-up. This is the first study outside the US that examines the longitudinal course of the CBCL-DP. Methods: We studied the diagnostic and functional trajectories and the predictive utility of the CBCL-DP in the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an epidemiological cohort study on the outcome of early risk factors from birth into adulthood. A total of 325 young adults (151 males, 174 females) participated in the 19-year assessment. Results: Young adults with a higher CBCL-DP score in childhood were at increased risk for substance use disorders, suicidality and poorer overall functioning at age 19, even after adjustment for parental education, family income, impairment and psychiatric disorders at baseline. Childhood dysregulation was not related to bipolar disorder in young adulthood. The CBCL-DP was neither a precursor of a specific pattern of comorbidity nor of comorbidity in general. Conclusions: Children with high CBCL-DP values are at risk for later severe, psychiatric symptomatology. The different developmental trajectories suggest that the CBCL-DP is not simply an early manifestation of a single disease process but might rather be an early developmental risk marker of a persisting deficit of self-regulation of affect and behavior.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{IhleEsserSchmidt1999,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {The contribution of developmental psychopathology to the understanding of the aetiology and course of mentl disorders : a prospective study from childhood to early adulthood},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LauchtSchmidtEsser2004,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, M. H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {The development of at-risk children in early life},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidBlomeyerBeckeretal.2009,
  author    = {Schmid, Brigitte and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Becker, Katja and Treutlein, Jens and Zimmermann, Ulrich S. and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Schmidt, Martin H. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Banaschewski, Tobias and Rietschel, Marcella and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {The interaction between the dopamine transporter gene and age at onset in relation to tobacco and alcohol use among 19-year-olds},
  issn      = {1355-6215},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00171.x},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Recent evidence suggests that heterogeneity in the age at onset could explain the inconsistent findings of association studies relating the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene with alcohol and nicotine consumption. The aim of this study was to examine interactions between two DAT1 polymorphisms and different initiation ages with regard to alcohol and tobacco consumption levels and dependence. Two hundred and ninety-one young adults (135 males, 156 females) participating in the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk were genotyped for the 40-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and rs27072 polymorphisms of DAT1. Age at initiation was assessed at age 15 and 19 years. Information about current alcohol and tobacco consumption was obtained at age 19 years using self-report measures and structured interviews. Results suggest that age at onset of intensive consumption moderated the association of the DAT1 gene with early adult substance use and dependence, revealing a DAT1 effect only among individuals homozygous for the 10r allele of the 40-bp VNTR who had started daily smoking or being intoxicated early in life. Equally, carriers of the T allele of the rs27072 polymorphism reporting an early age at first intoxication showed higher current alcohol consumption at age 19 years. In contrast, no interaction between rs27072 and the age at first cigarette with regard to later smoking was observed. These findings provide evidence that the DAT1 gene interacts with an early heavy or regular drug exposure of the maturing adolescent brain to predict substance (ab)use in young adulthood. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HolzBoeckerSchlierHohmetal.2015,
  author    = {Holz, Nathalie E. and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Hohm, Erika and Zohsel, Katrin and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Baumeister, Sarah and Hohmann, Sarah and Wolf, Isabella and Plichta, Michael M. and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {The Long-Term Impact of Early Life Poverty on Orbitofrontal Cortex Volume in Adulthood: Results from a Prospective Study Over 25 Years},
  series = {Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Nature Publ. Group},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0893-133X},
  doi       = {10.1038/npp.2014.277},
  pages     = {996 -- 1004},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Converging evidence has highlighted the association between poverty and conduct disorder (CD) without specifying neurobiological pathways. Neuroimaging research has emphasized structural and functional alterations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as one key mechanism underlying this disorder. The present study aimed to clarify the long-term influence of early poverty on OFC volume and its association with CD symptoms in healthy participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth. At age 25 years, voxel-based morphometry was applied to study brain volume differences. Poverty (0 = non-exposed (N = 134), I = exposed (N = 33)) and smoking during pregnancy were determined using a standardized parent interview, and information on maternal responsiveness was derived from videotaped mother infant interactions at the age of 3 months. CD symptoms were assessed by diagnostic interview from 8 to 19 years of age. Information on life stress was acquired at each assessment and childhood maltreatment was measured using retrospective self-report at the age of 23 years. Analyses were adjusted for sex, parental psychopathology and delinquency, obstetric adversity, parental education, and current poverty. Individuals exposed to early life poverty exhibited a lower OFC volume. Moreover, we replicated previous findings of increased CD symptoms as a consequence of childhood poverty. This effect proved statistically mediated by OFC volume and exposure to life stress and smoking during pregnancy, but not by childhood maltreatment and maternal responsiveness. These findings underline the importance of studying the impact of early life adversity on brain alterations and highlight the need for programs to decrease income-related disparities.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleinKruegelRisseetal.2015,
  author    = {Klein, Angela Ines and Kruegel, Andre and Risse, Sarah and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Engbert, Ralf and Pereira, Vera Wannmacher},
  title     = {The processing of pronominal anaphora by children that have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or dyslexia: a study through the analysis of eye movements},
  series = {Letras de hoje},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {Letras de hoje},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {PUCRS},
  address   = {Porto Alegre},
  issn      = {0101-3335},
  pages     = {40 -- 48},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The aim of this work was to verify the processing of pronominal anaphora by children that have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or dyslexia. The sample studied consisted of 75 children that speak German, which read two texts of 80 words containing pronominal anaphora. The eye movements of all participants were recorded and, to make sure they were reading with attention, two activities that tested reading comprehension were proposed. Through the analysis of eye movements, specifically the fixations, the data indicate that children with disorders have difficulty to process the pronominal anaphora, especially dyslexic children.},
  language  = {it}
}
@article{EsserLauchtSchmidt1996,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {The Significance of Biological and Psychosocial Risks for Behaviour Problems of Children at Preschool age},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Esser2003,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen},
  isbn      = {3-13-126082-3},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2002,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen},
  isbn      = {3-13-126081-5},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {Umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen fassen eine Gruppe isolierter Leistungsst{\"o}rungen zusammen, die aufgrund von spezifischen St{\"o}rungen der Informationsverarbeitung und -verarbeitungsorganisation zustande kommen. Diese St{\"o}rungen sind weder durch die allgemeine Intelligenz, noch die F{\"o}rderung der Kinder oder bestehende psychische St{\"o}rungen zu erkl{\"a}ren. Die Leistung im umschriebenen St{\"o}rungsbereich soll mindestens 1 Standardabweichungen unter dem Mittelwert der Altersgruppe und der individuellen Intelligenzleistung liegen. Die ICD-10 unterschiedet Umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen des Sprechens und der Sprache, schulischer Fertigkeiten sowie der motorischen Funktionen. Die Pr{\"a}valenzraten f{\"u}r die einzelnen Untergruppen bewegen sich zwischen 1 und 7\%. Mit besonders ung{\"u}nstigen Verl{\"a}ufen ist bei Kindern mit einer Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rung oder einer Sprachst{\"o}rung zu rechnen. Beide Gruppen weisen extrem schlechte Schulleistungen, eine hohe Rate zus{\"a}tzlicher psychischer St{\"o}rungen sowie eine geringe Besserungsrate der Auff{\"a}lligkeit auf. Einen g{\"u}nstigeren Verlauf weisen Artikulationsst{\"o}rungen und motorische St{\"o}rungen auf. Letztere sind durch eher introversive psychische Probleme gekennzeichnet, w{\"a}hrend Sprach- und Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rungen eine hohe Komorbidit{\"a}t mit expansiven Auff{\"a}lligkeiten aufweisen. Relativ schlecht erforscht sind bislang Umschriebene Rechenst{\"o}rungen, bei denen als einzige das Geschlechstverh{\"a}ltnis ausgeglichen ist. Die Therapie Umschriebener Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen muß sich streng an den ausf{\"u}hrlich diagnostizierten St{\"o}rungen der Informationsverarbeitung orientieren. Im Rahmen der neuropsychologischen {\"U}bungsbehandlung ist die Motivationslage der Kinder zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen, daneben sollte eine Beratung der Eltern und Lehrer erfolgen. Zus{\"a}tzliche psychische St{\"o}rungen k{\"o}nnen sich entweder im Zuge der Leistungsverbesserung zur{\"u}ckbilden oder bed{\"u}rfen einer spezifischen zus{\"a}tzlichen Therapie. Der ung{\"u}nstige langfristige Spontanverlauf macht Fr{\"u}herkennung und rechtzeitigen Therapiebeginn erforderlich .},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2009,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen},
  isbn      = {9788-3-642-01476-5},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2008,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen},
  isbn      = {978-3- 13-126083-3},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2000,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Umschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserLange2006,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Lange, Sabine},
  title     = {Unbeschriebene Entwicklungsst{\"o}rung des Lesens und Rechtschreibens},
  isbn      = {978- 3-406-54106-3},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{IhleEsserLaucht1997,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Ungeduldige Winzlinge und ihre Entwicklung : was sch{\"u}tzt Fr{\"u}hgeborene vor Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HolzBoeckerSchlierBuchmannetal.2017,
  author    = {Holz, Nathalie E. and Boecker-Schlier, Regina and Buchmann, Arlette F. and Blomeyer, Dorothea and Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine and Baumeister, Sarah and Plichta, Michael M. and Cattrell, Anna and Schumann, Gunter and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin and Buitelaar, Jan and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Ventral striatum and amygdala activity as convergence sites for early adversity and conduct disorder},
  series = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {1749-5016},
  doi       = {10.1093/scan/nsw120},
  pages     = {261 -- 272},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Childhood family adversity (CFA) increases the risk for conduct disorder (CD) and has been associated with alterations in regions of affective processing like ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala. However, no study so far has demonstrated neural converging effects of CFA and CD in the same sample. At age 25 years, functional MRI data during two affective tasks, i.e. a reward (N = 171) and a face-matching paradigm (N = 181) and anatomical scans (N = 181) were acquired in right-handed currently healthy participants of an epidemiological study followed since birth. CFA during childhood was determined using a standardized parent interview. Disruptive behaviors and CD diagnoses during childhood and adolescence were obtained by diagnostic interview (2-19 years), temperamental reward dependence was assessed by questionnaire (15 and 19 years). CFA predicted increased CD and amygdala volume. Both exposure to CFA and CD were associated with a decreased VS response during reward anticipation and blunted amygdala activity during face-matching. CD mediated the effect of CFA on brain activity. Temperamental reward dependence was negatively correlated with CFA and CD and positively with VS activity. These findings underline the detrimental effects of CFA on the offspring's affective processing and support the importance of early postnatal intervention programs aiming to reduce childhood adversity factors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Esser2002,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltensanalyse},
  isbn      = {3-13-126081-5},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2003,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltensdiagnostik},
  isbn      = {3-13-126082-3},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2002,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltensdiagnostik},
  isbn      = {3-13-126081-5},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {Verhaltensdiagnostik ist das klassische diagnostische Vorgehen der Verhaltenstherapie. Die Verhaltensdiagnostik versteht sich als funktional problemorientiert. Ausgangspunkt ist die Verhaltensformel von Kanfer und Saslow. In neueren Ans{\"a}tzen wurde die klassische Verhaltensformel in ein dynamisches Selbstregulationsmodell {\"u}berf{\"u}hrt. Das Schema der Verhaltensanalyse wurde von Schulte weiterentwickelt. Neben die horizontale Verhaltensanalyse traten die vertikale Verhaltensanalyse und die Systemanalyse. Zu den Methoden der Verhaltensdiagnostik z{\"a}hlen die Exploration, die sich am Leitfaden der Verhaltensanalyse orientiert sowie Verfahren der Verhaltensbeobachtung, die in Registrierverfahren durch den Betroffenen, Bezugspersonen und den Diagnostiker unterteilt werden k{\"o}nnen. Verhaltensbeobachtungen unterteilen sich in freie versus systematische, teilnehmende versus nicht- teilnehmende Beobachtung sowie strukturierte versus nicht- strukturierte Situationen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2008,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltensdiagnostik},
  isbn      = {978-3-13-126083-3},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Unter Verhaltensdiagnostik versteht man ein Buendel diagnostischer Instrumente, die darauf abzielen, die aenderungsmoeglichkeiten von Problemverhalten zu eruieren. Verhaltensdiagnostik ist das klassische diagnostische Vorgehen der Verhaltenstherapie. Ausgehend von einer Analyse des Problemverhaltens und der Bedingungen seines Auftretens werden durch verschiedene Techniken Hinweise zu seiner Genese und seiner Aufrechterhaltung erwartet. Vertreter der Verhaltensdiagnostik sehen sie als Alternative und im Gegensatz zur klassischen Eigenschaftsdiagnostik (Reinecker-Hecht \& Baumann, 1998), zu der die Ergebnisse aus psychologischen Testverfahren zur Erfassung von Intelligenzleistungen und Persoenlichkeitsmerkmalen ebenso zaehlen wie die Diagnostischen Klassifikationssysteme (z.B. ICD-10 oder DSM- IV){\`a}.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserLange2006,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Lange, Sabine},
  title     = {Verhaltensdiagnostik in der Verhaltenstherapie},
  isbn      = {978-3-932096-43-3},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2003,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie},
  isbn      = {3-13-126082-3},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2004,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-932096-45-7},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2011,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-932096-97-6},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2010,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen},
  isbn      = {978-3-932096-83-9},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserBallaschk2005,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ballaschk, Katja},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen : Forschungsstand und Perspektiven},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserBallaschk2006,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Ballaschk, Katja},
  title     = {Verhaltenstherapie und Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie},
  isbn      = {978- 3-406-54106-3},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtEsserSchmidtetal.1996,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and St{\"o}hr, R.-M. and Weindrich, D. and Ihle, Wolfgang and Marcus, A.},
  title     = {Viereinhalb Jahre danach : Mannheimer Risikokinder im Vorschulalter},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser2000,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Vor- und Nachteile von Longitudinalstudien in der Klinischen Psychologie und Jugendpsychiatrie},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserFischerWyschkonetal.2007,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Fischer, Sascha and Wyschkon, Anne and Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Vorboten hyperkinetischer St{\"o}rungen : Fr{\"u}herkennung bereits im S{\"a}uglingsalter m{\"o}glich?},
  issn      = {1422-4917},
  doi       = {10.1024/1422-4917.35.3.179},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Objectives: Are there any differences (organic, psychosocial, psychopathological, cognitive or educational, respectively differences in the motor or neurological development) between infants who later on at the age of 8 years suffer from a hyperactive disorder and those who later on at the same age are undisturbed? Are there specific harbingers for hyperactive disorders in the group concerned? Methods: With regard to their developmental risk load at the age of 3 months, 26 primary school children with hyperactive disorders were compared with 241 healthy children, 25 children with emotional disturbances, and 30 children with socially disruptive behaviour, all of the same age. Results: Identified as the most important predictors for the onset of hyperactive disorders were a reduced birth weight, the mother's origin from a shattered family, early contact impairments on the part of the child, and the mother's neglect of the infant. Conclusions: Altogether, however, the prediction of later hyperactivity in primary school children on the basis of salient features in the infant children remains unsatisfactory and unspecific.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserFischerWyschkonetal.2007,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Fischer, Sascha and Wyschkon, Anne and Laucht, Manfred and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Vorboten hyperkinetischer St{\"o}rungen : Fr{\"u}herkennung im Kleinkindalter},
  issn      = {1422-4917},
  doi       = {10.1024/1422-4917.35.2.127},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Objectives: The prospective longitudinal Mannheim Study of Children at Risk followed the development of children from the age of 2 years up to the age of 8 years. Are there differences between the developmental risk load in toddlers (psychopathology, cognition, motor or neurological development. and educational differences) who suffer from a hyperactive disorder at age 8 and that of undisturbed children of the same age? Are there specific harbingers of hyperkinetic disorders for the group concerned? Methods: In terms of their developmental risk load at the age of 2 years, 26 primary school children with hyperkinetic disorders were compared to 241 healthy primary school children, as well as to 25 children of the same age with emotional disturbances and 30 children of the same age with socially disruptive behavior. Results: A significant combination of predictors of later hyperkinetic disorders at primary school age proved to be increased fidgetiness and irritability, as well as a reduced language comprehension, at the age of two. Conclusions: The predictive value of symptoms in early childhood for later hyperkinetic disorder in children of primaryschool age is higher than that of symptoms assessed in infancy, which although expected is without relevant specificity.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserWyschkon2010,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Wyschkon, Anne},
  title     = {Vorhersage von Umschriebenen Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen der schulischen Fertigkeiten mithilfe von Vorschultests: Prognostische Validit{\"a}t der BUEVA-II},
  isbn      = {978-3- 8017-2294-4},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtEsserSchmidt2002,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Vulnerability and resilience in the development of children at risk : the role of early mother-child- interaction},
  issn      = {0101-6083},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{IhleEsserSchmidtetal.1998,
  author    = {Ihle, Wolfgang and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H. and Laucht, Manfred},
  title     = {Wann machen Schicksalsschl{\"a}ge psychisch krank? : Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen akuten Lebensereignissen und psychischen St{\"o}rungen},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Esser1997,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Was wird aus Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibschw{\"a}che?},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1999,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Was wird aus Risikokindern? : Ergebnisse der Mannheimer L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie im {\"U}berblick},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserGrueningKrugetal.2005,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Gr{\"u}ning, Th. and Krug, W. and May, P. and Meiers, K. and Trebert, M.},
  title     = {Wie Kindern mit Lernschwierigkeiten wirksam helfen?},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserBakhshayeshDruegeetal.2009,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Bakhshayesh, Ali Reza and Dr{\"u}ge, Sebastian and Ihle, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Wirksamkeit von Neuro- und EMG-Feedback bei Kindern mit ADHS : eine Follow-up-Studie},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EsserBlank2011,
  author    = {Esser, G{\"u}nter and Blank, Sarah},
  title     = {Wirksamkeit von Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Psychotherapeutic interventions require empirical as well as scientific assessment. Specifically, the proven efficacy of psychotherapy for children and adolescents is essential. Thus, studies examining treatment efficacy and meta- analyses are necessary to compare effect sizes of individual therapeutic interventions between treatment groups and waiting control groups. Assessment of 138 primary studies from 1993-2009 documented the efficacy of psychotherapy for children and adolescents. Furthermore, behavioural therapy outperformed non-behavioural interventions, as 90 \% of behavioural interventions showed larger effect sizes compared to non-behavioural psychotherapy. Analysis of moderator variables demonstrated an improved treatment efficacy for individual therapy, inclusion of the family, treatment of internalised disorders, and in clinical samples. Stability of psychotherapeutic treatment effects over time was demonstrated.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GoetheEsserGendtetal.2012,
  author    = {G{\"o}the, Katrin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Gendt, Anja and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Working memory in children : tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and 1 deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GoetheEsserGendtetal.2012,
  author    = {Goethe, Katrin and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Gendt, Anja and Kliegl, Reinhold},
  title     = {Working memory in children tracing age differences and special educational needs to parameters of a formal model},
  series = {Developmental psychology},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {Developmental psychology},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Psychological Association},
  address   = {Washington},
  issn      = {0012-1649},
  doi       = {10.1037/a0025660},
  pages     = {459 -- 476},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Parameters of a formal working-memory model were estimated for verbal and spatial memory updating of children. The model proposes interference though feature overwriting and through confusion of whole elements as the primary cause of working-memory capacity limits. We tested 2 age groups each containing 1 group of normal intelligence and I deficit group. For young children the deficit was developmental dyslexia; for older children it was a general learning difficulty. The interference model predicts less interference through overwriting but more through confusion of whole elements for the dyslexic children than for their age-matched controls. Older children exhibited less interference through confusion of whole elements and a higher processing rate than young children, but general learning difficulty was associated with slower processing than in the age-matched control group. Furthermore, the difference between verbal and spatial updating mapped onto several meaningful dissociations of model parameters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LauchtEsserSchmidt1997,
  author    = {Laucht, Manfred and Esser, G{\"u}nter and Schmidt, Martin H.},
  title     = {Wovor sch{\"u}tzen Schutzfaktoren? : Anmerkungen zu einem popul{\"a}ren Konzept der modernen Gesundheitsforschung},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {de}
}