@techreport{Krieger2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Krieger, Heike}, title = {Populist governments and international law}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {29}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42686}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426863}, pages = {29}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The worldwide populist wave has contributed to a perception that international law is currently in a state of crisis. This article examines in how far populist governments have challenged prevailing interpretations of international law. The article links structural features of populism with an analysis of populist governmental strategies and argumentative practices. It demonstrates that, in their rhetoric, populist governments promote an understanding of international law as a mere law of coordination. This is, however, not entirely reflected in their legal practices where an instrumental, cherry-picking approach prevails. The article concludes that policies of populist governments affect the current state of international law on two different levels: In the political sphere their practices alter the general environment in which legal rules are interpreted. In the legal sphere populist governments push for changes in the interpretation of established international legal rules. The article substantiates these propositions by focusing on the principle of nonintervention and foreign funding for NGOs.}, language = {en} } @article{Krieger2011, author = {Krieger, Heike}, title = {Deutschland und das V{\"o}lkerrecht nach der Wiedervereinigung}, series = {Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik}, journal = {Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik}, number = {3}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1867-2663}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60720}, pages = {53 -- 69}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Inhalt: - I. Das Ende des Kalten Krieges und die internationale Neuausrichtung Deutschlands - II. Schaffung neuer Handlungsspielr{\"a}ume f{\"u}r die ausw{\"a}rtige Gewalt - II.1. Anpassung verfassungsrechtlicher Standards an internationale Verpflichtungen: Internationale Strafgerichtsbarkeit und Art. 16 Abs. 2 S. 1 GG - II.2. Auslegung von verfassungsrechtlichen Standardsf{\"u}r sicherheitspolitische Handlungsspielr{\"a}ume - III. Begrenzung und Kontrolle der Einwirkung v{\"o}lkerrechtlicher Normen auf das innerstaatliche Recht - III.1. Einwirkung v{\"o}lkerrechtlicher Normen auf das innerstaatliche Recht - III.2. Schrittweise Parlamentarisierung der Außenpolitik bei Maßnahmen der Exekutive? - III.3. Strikter Dualismus als Antwort auf die Einwirkungen v{\"o}lkerrechtlicher Gerichtsentscheidungen auf das nationale Recht}, language = {de} } @techreport{Krieger2016, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Krieger, Heike}, title = {Rights and Obligations of Third Parties in Armed Conflict}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {5}, issn = {2509-3770}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42073}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420732}, pages = {23}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This paper will turn into a contribution to a book on community obligations. It focusses on third parties' rights and obligations in armed conflict. It is often said that international law has developed from a legal order which is designed to protect sovereignty to a system which also promotes community interests. This shift is said to be reflected in structural changes of the legal system. The creation of rights and obligations for third parties is generally seen as a part of this perceived paradigmatic shift. Community interests can be furthered either by negative duties of abstention, by an entitlement for third states, or even by duties to take positive measures. Since the shift towards protecting community interests apparently requires some form of cooperation, positive rights and duties to protect and to promote appear to be indispensable. Authors relying on a community perspective often dismiss duties of abstention as an expression of indifference in the face of a violation of a fundamental norm. Solidarity seems to require that third states take a more proactive role in actively enforcing community interests. The paper aims to test this understanding on the basis of an analysis of rights and obligations of third states in armed conflict. In order to argue that duties of abstention of third states are a central instrument for promoting community interests in relation to armed conflicts, the paper will first trace pertinent structural changes in international law. In particular, it will question the extent to which positive rights and obligations of third states have been firmly established in international law. In a second step, this contribution will evaluate the overall tendencies in the ongoing lawmaking process for promoting community interests in relation to armed conflict.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KriegerLiese2023, author = {Krieger, Heike and Liese, Andrea}, title = {Conclusion}, series = {Tracing value change in the international legal order}, booktitle = {Tracing value change in the international legal order}, editor = {Krieger, Heike and Liese, Andrea}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-19-285583-1}, doi = {10.1093/oso/9780192855831.003.0018}, pages = {319 -- C18N113}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Based on the previous findings in this book, Chapter 18 by Heike Krieger and Andrea Liese discusses the general dynamics of change or metamorphosis in the international legal order. They discern a mixed picture of an international order between metamorphosis—that is, a more fundamental transformation—of international law, norm change, turbulences, and robustness. They explain drivers of change and highlight factors such as national interests during the war on terror, changing long-term foreign policy beliefs, and the rise in populism and autocracy, before discussing the most common strategies the actors involved use. Other relevant factors include changes in the political environment, such as shocks and power shifts or the ambiguous role of fragmentation. Moreover, they identify factors that make legal norms robust, including the vital role of norm defenders and legal and institutional structures as stabilizing elements. Krieger and Liese conclude by cautioning that if the attacks on the international order continue at the current frequency and magnitude, a metamorphosis of international law will likely be unstoppable.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KriegerLiese2023, author = {Krieger, Heike and Liese, Andrea}, title = {Introduction}, series = {Tracing value change in the international legal order}, booktitle = {Tracing value change in the international legal order}, editor = {Krieger, Heike and Liese, Andrea}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-19-285583-1}, doi = {10.1093/oso/9780192855831.003.0001}, pages = {1 -- 22}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Can a metamorphosis of international law be identified while it is still underway? In Chapter 1, the Introduction, Krieger and Liese set the stage for the interdisciplinary assessment of the effects of the current crisis of the international legal order. They offer fundamental common values as a reference point and yardstick to systematically evaluate and analyse normative changes in international law. After explaining the benefits of interdisciplinary exchange and clarifying the basic concepts from the respective disciplinary perspectives, they develop the book's conceptual framework for assessing and explaining value change in the international legal order. The Introduction also elaborates on the book's research design and case selection and summarizes the aims and key contributions of each conceptual and empirical chapter.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KriegerLiese2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Krieger, Heike and Liese, Andrea Margit}, title = {A Metamorphosis of International Law?}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {27}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42608}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426088}, pages = {26}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The paper aims to lay out a framework for evaluating value shifts in the international legal order for the purposes of a forthcoming book. In view of current contestations it asks whether we are observing yet another period of norm change (Wandel) or even a more fundamental transformation of international law - a metamorphosis (Verwandlung). For this purpose it suggests to look into the mechanisms of how norms change from the perspective of legal and political science and also to approximate a reference point where change turns into metamorphosis. It submits that such a point may be reached where specific legally protected values are indeed changing (change of legal values) or where the very idea of protecting certain values through law is renounced (delegalizing of values). The paper discusses the benefits of such an interdisciplinary exchange and tries to identify differences and commonalities among both disciplinary perspectives.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KriegerNolte2016, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Krieger, Heike and Nolte, Georg}, title = {The International Rule of Law - Rise or Decline?}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {1}, issn = {2509-3770}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-41952}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419528}, pages = {25}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The paper undertakes a preliminary assessment of current developments of international law for the purpose of mapping the ground for a larger research project. The research project pursues the goal of determining whether public international law, as it has developed since the end of the Cold War, is continuing its progressive move towards a more human-rights- and multi-actor-oriented order, or whether we are seeing a renewed emphasis of more classical elements of international law. In this context the term "international rule of law" is chosen to designate the more recent and "thicker" understanding of international law. The paper discusses how it can be determined whether this form of international law continues to unfold, and whether we are witnessing challenges to this order which could give rise to more fundamental reassessments.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KriegerPueschmann2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Krieger, Heike and P{\"u}schmann, Jonas}, title = {Securing of Resources as a Valid Reason for Using Force?}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {31}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-43573}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435738}, pages = {24}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A growing demand for natural resources embedded in current changes of the international order will put pressure on states to secure the future availability of these resources. Some political discourses suggest that states might respond by challenging the foundations of international law. Whereas the UN Charter was inter alia aimed at eliminating uses of force for economic reasons, one may observe an on-going trend of securitization of matters of resource supply resulting into the revival of self-preservation doctrines. The chapter will show that those claims lack a normative foundation in the current framework of the prohibition of the use of force. Moreover, international law has sufficient instruments to cope with disputes over access to resources by other means than the use of force. The international community, therefore, must oppose claims that may contribute to normative uncertainties and strengthen already existing instruments of pacific settlement of disputes.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KriegerZimmermann2018, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Krieger, Heike and Zimmermann, Andreas}, title = {Sentenza 238/2014 of the Italian Constitutional Court and the International Rule of Law}, series = {KFG Working Paper Series}, journal = {KFG Working Paper Series}, number = {15}, issn = {2509-3770}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-42214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422140}, pages = {30}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The German-Italian dispute over the scope of sovereign immunities and claims of reparations for war crimes committed by German armed forces during World War II in Italy is in many ways specific and historically contingent. At the same time, it touches upon a number of fundamental challenges which the international community has to address in the interest of furthering the international rule of law. In this working paper both authors address the question whether the current law of sovereign immunities should be changed or interpreted in a manner as to allow for exceptions from State immunities in cases of grave violations of human rights. While the first part of the paper focusses on the perspective of general international law the second part addresses the question through the lense of European law. Both authors agree that unilateral efforts to push for what many consider a progressive development of international law actually may entail adverse effects for the international rule of law and thus may even contribute to a broader crisis of the international legal order.}, language = {en} } @book{WeissMehdeKriegeretal.2011, author = {Weiß, Norman and Mehde, Veith and Krieger, Heike and Franzen, Martin and Mock, Sebastian and Altenhain, Karsten}, title = {Rechtsentwicklungen im vereinten Deutschland}, series = {Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik}, journal = {Potsdamer Studien zu Staat, Recht und Politik}, editor = {Weiß, Norman}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-018-2}, issn = {1867-2663}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-36180}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {145}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Der Band enth{\"a}lt die Vortr{\"a}ge einer Konferenz vom November 2009 in Potsdam. Die Texte untersuchen anhand ausgew{\"a}hlter Beispiele die Entwicklungen der zur{\"u}ckliegenden zwanzig Jahre im Zivilrecht, Strafrecht und {\"o}ffentlichen Recht. Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland sieht sich seit der Wiedervereinigung und dem Ende des Kalten Krieges in einer ganz neuen Situation. Dies gilt f{\"u}r den v{\"o}lkerrechtlichen Rahmen ihrer Außenpolitik, f{\"u}r den Wettbewerb der Rechtsordnungen, f{\"u}r die mit erh{\"o}hter Dynamik fortschreitende europ{\"a}ische Einigung und ihre Konsequenzen. Die bei der Grundrechtsinterpretation im Mehrebenensystem auftauchenden Divergenzen und die Auswirkungen technischer Neuerungen auf das Sozialverhalten pr{\"a}gen Rechtswirklichkeit und Rechtsdogmatik.}, language = {de} }