@phdthesis{Konon2018,
  author    = {Konon, Alexander},
  title     = {Essays on career choice under risk and ambiguity},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416466},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {x, 250, xxxv},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {This dissertation consists of five self-contained essays, addressing different aspects of career choices, especially the choice of entrepreneurship, under risk and ambiguity. In Chapter 2, the first essay develops an occupational choice model with boundedly rational agents, who lack information, receive noisy feedback, and are restricted in their decisions by their personality, to analyze and explain puzzling empirical evidence on entrepreneurial decision processes. In the second essay, in Chapter 3, I contribute to the literature on entrepreneurial choice by constructing a general career choice model on the basis of the assumption that outcomes are partially ambiguous. The third essay, in Chapter 4, theoretically and empirically analyzes the impact of media on career choices, where information on entrepreneurship provided by the media is treated as an informational shock affecting prior beliefs. The fourth essay, presented in Chapter 5, contains an empirical analysis of the effects of cyclical macro variables (GDP and unemployment) on innovative start-ups in Germany. In the fifth, and last, essay in Chapter 6, we examine whether information on personality is useful for advice, using the example of career advice.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Kox2018,
  author    = {Kox, Thomas},
  title     = {Perception and use of uncertainty in severe weather warnings},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411541},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {154},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Uncertainty is an essential part of atmospheric processes and thus inherent to weather forecasts. Nevertheless, weather forecasts and warnings are still predominately issued as deterministic (yes or no) forecasts, although research suggests that providing weather forecast users with additional information about the forecast uncertainty can enhance the preparation of mitigation measures. Communicating forecast uncertainty would allow for a provision of information on possible future events at an earlier time. The desired benefit is to enable the users to start with preparatory protective action at an earlier stage of time based on the their own risk assessment and decision threshold. But not all users have the same threshold for taking action. In the course of the project WEXICOM ('Wetterwarnungen: Von der Extremereignis-Information zu Kommunikation und Handlung') funded by the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), three studies were conducted between the years 2012 and 2016 to reveal how weather forecasts and warnings are reflected in weather-related decision-making. The studies asked which factors influence the perception of forecasts and the decision to take protective action and how forecast users make sense of probabilistic information and the additional lead time. In a first exploratory study conducted in 2012, members of emergency services in Germany were asked questions about how weather warnings are communicated to professional endusers in the emergency community and how the warnings are converted into mitigation measures. A large number of open questions were selected to identify new topics of interest. The questions covered topics like users' confidence in forecasts, their understanding of probabilistic information as well as their lead time and decision thresholds to start with preparatory mitigation measures. Results show that emergency service personnel generally have a good sense of uncertainty inherent in weather forecasts. Although no single probability threshold could be identified for organisations to start with preparatory mitigation measures, it became clear that emergency services tend to avoid forecasts based on low probabilities as a basis for their decisions. Based on this findings, a second study conducted with residents of Berlin in 2014 further investigated the question of decision thresholds. The survey questions related to the topics of the perception of and prior experience with severe weather, trustworthiness of forecasters and confidence in weather forecasts, and socio-demographic and social-economic characteristics. Within the questionnaire a scenario was created to determine individual decision thresholds and see whether subgroups of the sample lead to different thresholds. The results show that people's willingness to act tends to be higher and decision thresholds tend to be lower if the expected weather event is more severe or the property at risk is of higher value. Several influencing factors of risk perception have significant effects such as education, housing status and ability to act, whereas socio-demographic determinants alone are often not sufficient to fully grasp risk perception and protection behaviour. Parallel to the quantitative studies, an interview study was conducted with 27 members of German civil protection between 2012 and 2016. The results show that the latest developments in (numerical) weather forecasting do not necessarily fit the current practice of German emergency services. These practices are mostly carried out on alarms and ground truth in a reactive manner rather than on anticipation based on prognosis or forecasts. As the potential consequences rather than the event characteristics determine protective action, the findings support the call and need for impact-based warnings. Forecasters will rely on impact data and need to learn the users' understanding of impact. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance weather communication not only by improving computer models and observation tools, but also by focusing on the aspects of communication and collaboration. Using information about uncertainty demands awareness about and acceptance of the limits of knowledge, hence, the capabilities of the forecaster to anticipate future developments of the atmosphere and the capabilities of the user to make sense of this information.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Gutsch2016,
  author    = {Gutsch, Martin},
  title     = {Model-based analysis of climate change impacts on the productivity of oak-pine forests in Brandenburg},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-97241},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  pages     = {vii, 148},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The relationship between climate and forest productivity is an intensively studied subject in forest science. This Thesis is embedded within the general framework of future forest growth under climate change and its implications for the ongoing forest conversion. My objective is to investigate the future forest productivity at different spatial scales (from a single specific forest stand to aggregated information across Germany) with focus on oak-pine forests in the federal state of Brandenburg. The overarching question is: how are the oak-pine forests affected by climate change described by a variety of climate scenarios. I answer this question by using a model based analysis of tree growth processes and responses to different climate scenarios with emphasis on drought events. In addition, a method is developed which considers climate change uncertainty of forest management planning. As a first 'screening' of climate change impacts on forest productivity, I calculated the change in net primary production on the base of a large set of climate scenarios for different tree species and the total area of Germany. Temperature increases up to 3 K lead to positive effects on the net primary production of all selected tree species. But, in water-limited regions this positive net primary production trend is dependent on the length of drought periods which results in a larger uncertainty regarding future forest productivity. One of the regions with the highest uncertainty of net primary production development is the federal state of Brandenburg. To enhance the understanding and ability of model based analysis of tree growth sensitivity to drought stress two water uptake approaches in pure pine and mixed oak-pine stands are contrasted. The first water uptake approach consists of an empirical function for root water uptake. The second approach is more mechanistic and calculates the differences of soil water potential along a soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. I assumed the total root resistance to vary at low, medium and high total root resistance levels. For validation purposes three data sets on different tree growth relevant time scales are used. Results show that, except the mechanistic water uptake approach with high total root resistance, all transpiration outputs exceeded observed values. On the other hand high transpiration led to a better match of observed soil water content. The strongest correlation between simulated and observed annual tree ring width occurred with the mechanistic water uptake approach and high total root resistance. The findings highlight the importance of severe drought as a main reason for small diameter increment, best supported by the mechanistic water uptake approach with high root resistance. However, if all aspects of the data sets are considered no approach can be judged superior to the other. I conclude that the uncertainty of future productivity of water-limited forest ecosystems under changing environmental conditions is linked to simulated root water uptake. Finally my study aimed at the impacts of climate change combined with management scenarios on an oak-pine forest to evaluate growth, biomass and the amount of harvested timber. The pine and the oak trees are 104 and 9 years old respectively. Three different management scenarios with different thinning intensities and different climate scenarios are used to simulate the performance of management strategies which explicitly account for the risks associated with achieving three predefined objectives (maximum carbon storage, maximum harvested timber, intermediate). I found out that in most cases there is no general management strategy which fits best to different objectives. The analysis of variance in the growth related model outputs showed an increase of climate uncertainty with increasing climate warming. Interestingly, the increase of climate-induced uncertainty is much higher from 2 to 3 K than from 0 to 2 K.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Zurell2011,
  author    = {Zurell, Damaris},
  title     = {Integrating dynamic and statistical modelling approaches in order to improve predictions for scenarios of environmental change},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-56845},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {Species respond to environmental change by dynamically adjusting their geographical ranges. Robust predictions of these changes are prerequisites to inform dynamic and sustainable conservation strategies. Correlative species distribution models (SDMs) relate species' occurrence records to prevailing environmental factors to describe the environmental niche. They have been widely applied in global change context as they have comparably low data requirements and allow for rapid assessments of potential future species' distributions. However, due to their static nature, transient responses to environmental change are essentially ignored in SDMs. Furthermore, neither dispersal nor demographic processes and biotic interactions are explicitly incorporated. Therefore, it has often been suggested to link statistical and mechanistic modelling approaches in order to make more realistic predictions of species' distributions for scenarios of environmental change. In this thesis, I present two different ways of such linkage. (i) Mechanistic modelling can act as virtual playground for testing statistical models and allows extensive exploration of specific questions. I promote this 'virtual ecologist' approach as a powerful evaluation framework for testing sampling protocols, analyses and modelling tools. Also, I employ such an approach to systematically assess the effects of transient dynamics and ecological properties and processes on the prediction accuracy of SDMs for climate change projections. That way, relevant mechanisms are identified that shape the species' response to altered environmental conditions and which should hence be considered when trying to project species' distribution through time. (ii) I supplement SDM projections of potential future habitat for black grouse in Switzerland with an individual-based population model. By explicitly considering complex interactions between habitat availability and demographic processes, this allows for a more direct assessment of expected population response to environmental change and associated extinction risks. However, predictions were highly variable across simulations emphasising the need for principal evaluation tools like sensitivity analysis to assess uncertainty and robustness in dynamic range predictions. Furthermore, I identify data coverage of the environmental niche as a likely cause for contrasted range predictions between SDM algorithms. SDMs may fail to make reliable predictions for truncated and edge niches, meaning that portions of the niche are not represented in the data or niche edges coincide with data limits. Overall, my thesis contributes to an improved understanding of uncertainty factors in predictions of range dynamics and presents ways how to deal with these. Finally I provide preliminary guidelines for predictive modelling of dynamic species' response to environmental change, identify key challenges for future research and discuss emerging developments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Post2006,
  author    = {Post, Joachim},
  title     = {Integrated process-based simulation of soil carbon dynamics in river basins under present, recent past and future environmental conditions},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11507},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Soils contain a large amount of carbon (C) that is a critical regulator of the global C budget. Already small changes in the processes governing soil C cycling have the potential to release considerable amounts of CO2, a greenhouse gas (GHG), adding additional radiative forcing to the atmosphere and hence to changing climate. Increased temperatures will probably create a feedback, causing soils to release more GHGs. Furthermore changes in soil C balance impact soil fertility and soil quality, potentially degrading soils and reducing soils function as important resource. Consequently the assessment of soil C dynamics under present, recent past and future environmental conditions is not only of scientific interest and requires an integrated consideration of main factors and processes governing soil C dynamics. To perform this assessment an eco-hydrological modelling tool was used and extended by a process-based description of coupled soil carbon and nitrogen turnover. The extended model aims at delivering sound information on soil C storage changes beside changes in water quality, quantity and vegetation growth under global change impacts in meso- to macro-scale river basins, exemplary demonstrated for a Central European river basin (the Elbe). As a result this study: ▪ Provides information on joint effects of land-use (land cover and land management) and climate changes on croplands soil C balance in the Elbe river basin (Central Europe) presently and in the future. ▪ Evaluates which processes, and at what level of process detail, have to be considered to perform an integrated simulation of soil C dynamics at the meso- to macro-scale and demonstrates the model's capability to simulate these processes compared to observations. ▪ Proposes a process description relating soil C pools and turnover properties to readily measurable quantities. This reduces the number of model parameters, enhances the comparability of model results to observations, and delivers same performance simulating long-term soil C dynamics as other models. ▪ Presents an extensive assessment of the parameter and input data uncertainty and their importance both temporally and spatially on modelling soil C dynamics. For the basin scale assessments it is estimated that croplands in the Elbe basin currently act as a net source of carbon (net annual C flux of 11 g C m-2 yr-1, 1.57 106 tons CO2 yr-1 entire croplands on average). Although this highly depends on the amount of harvest by-products remaining on the field. Future anticipated climate change and observed climate change in the basin already accelerates soil C loss and increases source strengths (additional 3.2 g C m-2 yr-1, 0.48 106 tons CO2 yr-1 entire croplands). But anticipated changes of agro-economic conditions, translating to altered crop share distributions, display stronger effects on soil C storage than climate change. Depending on future use of land expected to fall out of agricultural use in the future (~ 30 \% of croplands area as "surplus" land), the basin either considerably looses soil C and the net annual C flux to the atmosphere increases (surplus used as black fallow) or the basin converts to a net sink of C (sequestering 0.44 106 tons CO2 yr-1 under extensified use as ley-arable) or reacts with decrease in source strength when using bioenergy crops. Bioenergy crops additionally offer a considerable potential for fossil fuel substitution (~37 PJ, 1015 J per year), whereas the basin wide use of harvest by-products for energy generation has to be seen critically although offering an annual energy potential of approximately 125 PJ. Harvest by-products play a central role in soil C reproduction and a percentage between 50 and 80 \% should remain on the fields in order to maintain soil quality and fertility. The established modelling tool allows quantifying climate, land use and major land management impacts on soil C balance. New is that the SOM turnover description is embedded in an eco-hydrological river basin model, allowing an integrated consideration of water quantity, water quality, vegetation growth, agricultural productivity and soil carbon changes under different environmental conditions. The methodology and assessment presented here demonstrates the potential for integrated assessment of soil C dynamics alongside with other ecosystem services under global change impacts and provides information on the potentials of soils for climate change mitigation (soil C sequestration) and on their soil fertility status.},
  subject      = {Kohlenstoff},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Knopf2006,
  author    = {Knopf, Brigitte},
  title     = {On intrinsic uncertainties in earth system modelling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10949},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {Uncertainties are pervasive in the Earth System modelling. This is not just due to a lack of knowledge about physical processes but has its seeds in intrinsic, i.e. inevitable and irreducible, uncertainties concerning the process of modelling as well. Therefore, it is indispensable to quantify uncertainty in order to determine, which are robust results under this inherent uncertainty. The central goal of this thesis is to explore how uncertainties map on the properties of interest such as phase space topology and qualitative dynamics of the system. We will address several types of uncertainty and apply methods of dynamical systems theory on a trendsetting field of climate research, i.e. the Indian monsoon. For the systematic analysis concerning the different facets of uncertainty, a box model of the Indian monsoon is investigated, which shows a saddle node bifurcation against those parameters that influence the heat budget of the system and that goes along with a regime shift from a wet to a dry summer monsoon. As some of these parameters are crucially influenced by anthropogenic perturbations, the question is whether the occurrence of this bifurcation is robust against uncertainties in parameters and in the number of considered processes and secondly, whether the bifurcation can be reached under climate change. Results indicate, for example, the robustness of the bifurcation point against all considered parameter uncertainties. The possibility of reaching the critical point under climate change seems rather improbable. A novel method is applied for the analysis of the occurrence and the position of the bifurcation point in the monsoon model against parameter uncertainties. This method combines two standard approaches: a bifurcation analysis with multi-parameter ensemble simulations. As a model-independent and therefore universal procedure, this method allows investigating the uncertainty referring to a bifurcation in a high dimensional parameter space in many other models. With the monsoon model the uncertainty about the external influence of El Ni{\~n}o / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is determined. There is evidence that ENSO influences the variability of the Indian monsoon, but the underlying physical mechanism is discussed controversially. As a contribution to the debate three different hypotheses are tested of how ENSO and the Indian summer monsoon are linked. In this thesis the coupling through the trade winds is identified as key in linking these two key climate constituents. On the basis of this physical mechanism the observed monsoon rainfall data can be reproduced to a great extent. Moreover, this mechanism can be identified in two general circulation models (GCMs) for the present day situation and for future projections under climate change. Furthermore, uncertainties in the process of coupling models are investigated, where the focus is on a comparison of forced dynamics as opposed to fully coupled dynamics. The former describes a particular type of coupling, where the dynamics from one sub-module is substituted by data. Intrinsic uncertainties and constraints are identified that prevent the consistency of a forced model with its fully coupled counterpart. Qualitative discrepancies between the two modelling approaches are highlighted, which lead to an overestimation of predictability and produce artificial predictability in the forced system. The results suggest that bistability and intermittent predictability, when found in a forced model set-up, should always be cross-validated with alternative coupling designs before being taken for granted. All in this, this thesis contributes to the fundamental issue of dealing with uncertainties the climate modelling community is confronted with. Although some uncertainties allow for including them in the interpretation of the model results, intrinsic uncertainties could be identified, which are inevitable within a certain modelling paradigm and are provoked by the specific modelling approach.},
  subject      = {Unsicherheit},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schaber2002,
  author    = {Schaber, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Phenology in Germany in the 20th century : methods, analyses and models},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0000532},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {Die L{\"a}nge der Vegetationsperiode (VP) spielt eine zentrale Rolle f{\"u}r die interannuelle Variation der Kohlenstoffspeicherung terrestrischer {\"O}kosysteme. Die Analyse von Beobachtungsdaten hat gezeigt, dass sich die VP in den letzten Jahrzehnten in den n{\"o}rdlichen Breiten verl{\"a}ngert hat. Dieses Ph{\"a}nomen wurde oft im Zusammenhang mit der globalen Erw{\"a}rmung diskutiert, da die Ph{\"a}nologie von der Temperatur beeinflusst wird. Die Analyse der Pflanzenph{\"a}nologie in S{\"u}ddeutschland im 20. Jahrhundert zeigte: - Die starke Verfr{\"u}hung der Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen in dem Jahrzehnt vor 1999 war kein singul{\"a}res Ereignis im 20. Jahrhundert. Schon in fr{\"u}heren Dekaden gab es {\"a}hnliche Trends. Es konnten Perioden mit unterschiedlichem Trendverhalten identifiziert werden. - Es gab deutliche Unterschiede in den Trends von fr{\"u}hen und sp{\"a}ten Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen. Die fr{\"u}hen Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen haben sich stetig verfr{\"u}ht, mit deutlicher Verfr{\"u}hung zwischen 1931 und 1948, moderater Verfr{\"u}hung zwischen 1948 und 1984 und starker Verfr{\"u}hung zwischen 1984 und 1999. Die sp{\"a}ten Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen hingegen, wechselten ihr Trendverhalten in diesen Perioden von einer Verfr{\"u}hung zu einer deutlichen Versp{\"a}tung wieder zu einer starken Verfr{\"u}hung. Dieser Unterschied in der Trendentwicklung zwischen fr{\"u}hen und sp{\"a}ten Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen konnte auch f{\"u}r ganz Deutschland in den Perioden 1951 bis 1984 und 1984 bis 1999 beobachtet werden. Der bestimmende Einfluss der Temperatur auf die Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen und ihr modifizierender Einfluss auf die Herbstphasen konnte best{\"a}tigt werden. Es zeigt sich jedoch, dass - die Ph{\"a}nologie bestimmende Funktionen der Temperatur nicht mit einem globalen j{\"a}hrlichen CO2 Signal korreliert waren, welches als Index f{\"u}r die globale Erw{\"a}rmung verwendet wurde - ein Index f{\"u}r grossr{\"a}umige regionale Zirkulationsmuster (NAO-Index) nur zu einem kleinen Teil die beobachtete ph{\"a}nologischen Variabilit{\"a}t erkl{\"a}ren konnte. Das beobachtete unterschiedliche Trendverhalten zwischen fr{\"u}hen und sp{\"a}ten Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen konnte auf die unterschiedliche Entwicklung von M{\"a}rz- und Apriltemperaturen zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. W{\"a}hrend sich die M{\"a}rztemperaturen im Laufe des 20. Jahrhunderts mit einer zunehmenden Variabilit{\"a}t in den letzten 50 Jahren stetig erh{\"o}ht haben, haben sich die Apriltemperaturen zwischen dem Ende der 1940er und Mitte der 1980er merklich abgek{\"u}hlt und dann wieder deutlich erw{\"a}rmt. Es wurde geschlussfolgert, dass die Verfr{\"u}hungen in der Fr{\"u}hjahrsph{\"a}nologie in den letzten Dekaden Teile multi-dekadischer Fluktuationen sind, welche sich nach Spezies und relevanter saisonaler Temperatur unterscheiden. Aufgrund dieser Fluktuationen konnte kein Zusammenhang mit einem globalen Erw{\"a}rmungsignal gefunden werden. Im Durchschnitt haben sich alle betrachteten Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen zwischen 1951 und 1999 in Naturr{\"a}umen in Deutschland zwischen 5 und 20 Tagen verfr{\"u}ht. Ein starker Unterschied in der Verfr{\"u}hung zwischen fr{\"u}hen und sp{\"a}ten Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen liegt an deren erw{\"a}hntem unterschiedlichen Verhalten. Die Blattverf{\"a}rbung hat sich zwischen 1951 und 1999 f{\"u}r alle Spezies versp{\"a}tet, aber nach 1984 im Durchschnitt verfr{\"u}ht. Die VP hat sich in Deutschland zwischen 1951 und 1999 um ca. 10 Tage verl{\"a}ngert. Es ist haupts{\"a}chlich die {\"A}nderung in den Fr{\"u}hjahrphasen, die zu einer {\"A}nderung in der potentiell absorbierten Strahlung (PAS) f{\"u}hrt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus sind es die sp{\"a}ten Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen, die pro Tag Verfr{\"u}hung st{\"a}rker profitieren, da die zus{\"a}tzlichen Tage l{\"a}nger undw{\"a}rmer sind als dies f{\"u}r die fr{\"u}hen Phasen der Fall ist. Um die relative {\"A}nderung in PAS im Vergleich der Spezies abzusch{\"a}tzen, m{\"u}ssen allerdings auch die Ver{\"a}nderungen in den Herbstphasen ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Der deutliche Unterschied zwischen fr{\"u}hen und sp{\"a}ten Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen konnte durch die Anwendung einer neuen Methode zur Konstruktion von Zeitreihen herausgearbeitet werden. Der neue methodische Ansatz erlaubte die Ableitung verl{\"a}sslicher 100-j{\"a}hriger Zeitreihen und die Konstruktion von lokalen kombinierten Zeitreihen, welche die Datenverf{\"u}gbarkeit f{\"u}r die Modellentwicklung erh{\"o}hten. Ausser analysierten Protokollierungsfehlern wurden mikroklimatische, genetische und Beobachtereinfl{\"u}sse als Quellen von Unsicherheit in ph{\"a}nologischen Daten identifiziert. Ph{\"a}nologischen Beobachtungen eines Ortes k{\"o}nnen sch{\"a}tzungsweise 24 Tage um das parametrische Mittel schwanken.Dies unterst{\"u}tzt die 30-Tage Regel f{\"u}r die Detektion von Ausreissern. Neue Ph{\"a}nologiemodelle, die den Blattaustrieb aus t{\"a}glichen Temperaturreihen simulieren, wurden entwickelt. Diese Modelle basieren auf einfachen Interaktionen zwischen aktivierenden und hemmenden Substanzen, welche die Entwicklungsstadien einer Pflanze bestimmen. Im Allgemeinen konnten die neuen Modelle die Beobachtungsdaten besser simulieren als die klassischen Modelle. Weitere Hauptresultate waren: - Der Bias der klassischen Modelle, d.h. {\"U}bersch{\"a}tzung von fr{\"u}hen und Untersch{\"a}tzung von sp{\"a}ten Beobachtungen, konnte reduziert, aber nicht vollst{\"a}ndig eliminiert werden. - Die besten Modellvarianten f{\"u}r verschiedene Spezies wiesen darauf hin, dass f{\"u}r die sp{\"a}ten Fr{\"u}hjahrsphasen die Tagesl{\"a}nge eine wichtigere Rolle spielt als f{\"u}r die fr{\"u}hen Phasen. - Die Vernalisation spielte gegen{\"u}ber den Temperaturen kurz vor dem Blattaustrieb nur eine untergeordnete Rolle.},
  language  = {en}
}